Akosua Adoma Owusu

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'''Akosua Adoma Owusu''' (dem born am January 1, 1984) be Ghanaian-American filmmaker den producer. Ein films explore de colliding identities of black immigrants wey dey America through multiple forms wey dey range from cinematic essays go experimental narratives go reconstructed Black popular media. If we interpret de notion of &quot;double consciousness,&quot; wey ebi coin by sociologist den civil rights activist W. E. B. Du Bois, Owusu dey aim say she go create sam third cinematic space or consciousness. For ein work insyd, feminism, queerness, den African dey identities dey interact for African, white American, den black American cultural spaces insyd.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.artforum.com/interviews/akosua-adoma-owusu-talks-about-triple-consciousness-79725 &quot;Akosua Adoma Owusu talks about triple consciousness&quot;.] ''ArtForum''. Retrieved 2019-05-03.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;MacArthur, Julie (18 September 2019). [https://www.cinema.utoronto.ca/events/aesthetics-triple-consciousness-interdisciplinary-approaches-films-akosua-adoma-owusu &quot;The Aesthetics of Triple Consciousness&quot;.] ''University of Toronto''. Retrieved 2019-10-10.&lt;/ref&gt;

She be current Visiting Lecturer for Harvard University den de Pratt Institute for Brooklyn, New York.

== Ein early life den education ==
Ebe Ghanaian parents wey born Owusu wey rais dem raise am for sam immigrant community wey dey Alexandria, Virginia. She be de youngest of three siblings for Grace den Albert A. Owusu, Snr. Owusu dey hold master's degrees for de School of Film/Video den School of Fine Art from California Institute of de Arts, wey she get am for 2008 insyd.&lt;ref&gt;[https://blog.calarts.edu/2010/07/21/40-festivals-and-counting-me-broni-ba-my-white-baby-on-the-film-circuit/ &quot;40 Festivals and Counting: Me Broni Ba (my white baby) on the Film Circuit&quot;.] ''California Institute of the Arts''. 21 July 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-21.&lt;/ref&gt; She graduate plus Bachelors interdisciplinary degree for Media Studies&lt;ref&gt;Govil, Nitin. [https://cinema.usc.edu/directories/profile.cfm?id=35474&amp;first=&amp;last=&amp;title=&amp;did=17&amp;referer=%2Fcriticalstudies%2Ffaculty.cfm&amp;startpage=1&amp;startrow=1 &quot;School of Cinematic Arts&quot;.] ''USC Department of Critical Studies''. Retrieved 2020-06-17.&lt;/ref&gt; den Studio Art insyd plus distinction from de University of Virginia for 2005 insyd.&lt;ref&gt;[https://magazine.arts.virginia.edu/stories/hoos-for-art-adoma &quot;University of Virginia Arts Magazine - Akosua Adoma Owusu&quot;.] ''University of Virginia''. Retrieved 2015-12-09.&lt;/ref&gt; Owusu start ein career as post-production assistant for Chris Rock ein HBO documentary “Good Hair” (2009).&lt;ref&gt;[http://store.cinemaguild.com/nontheatrical/product/2358.html &quot;ME BRONI BA (MY WHITE BABY) - Cinema Guild Non-Theatrical&quot;.] ''store.cinemaguild.com''. Retrieved 2023-10-11.&lt;/ref&gt; Soon thereafter, she transition go make ein own short, experimental films.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.fowler.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Art-of-Hair-Press-Release-_Final_rev-4-17-15.pdf &quot;Fowler In Focus: The Art of Hair in Africa&quot;] (PDF). ''Fowler Museum UCLA''. Retrieved 2015-01-14.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein career ==
Shortly afta say she graduate from CalArts for 2008 insyd, na Owusu be featured artist&lt;ref&gt;Lim, Dennis. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220925061600/https://www.nga.gov/content/dam/ngaweb/calendar/film/pdfs/2011/ngafilm-2011-spring.pdf &quot;On Work: A Selection of Shorts – The Flaherty 2010&quot;] (PDF). ''National Gallery of Art''. Retrieved 2011-06-10.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.lisahillart.com/2011/05/screening-me-broni-ba/ &quot;In Praise of Independents: The Flaherty&quot;]. ''Lisa Hill''. Retrieved 2011-06-27.&lt;/ref&gt; of de 56th Robert Flaherty Film Seminar wey renowned critic den film curator Dennis Lim programme am.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dennis-lim.com/ &quot;Dennis Lim&quot;.] ''Dennis Lim''. Retrieved 2016-02-18.&lt;/ref&gt; ''Indiewire'' name am  as one of de six Avant-Garde Female Filmmakers Wey Redefine Cinema, den one of De Huffington Post‘s Black Artists: 30 Contemporary Art Makers Under 40 You Should Know,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/26/black-artists-under-40-contemporary-painters-sculptors-performance-race-representation-art_n_2725639.html &quot;30 Black Artists Under 40 You Should Know&quot;.] ''The Huffington Post''. 26 February 2013. Retrieved 2016-02-18.&lt;/ref&gt; Na Owusu be 2013 MacDowell Colony Fellow&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200603155950/https://www.macdowellcolony.org/artists/akosua-adoma-owusu &quot;Akosua Adoma Owusu - Artist&quot;.] ''MacDowell''. Retrieved 2023-10-11.&lt;/ref&gt; den 2015 Guggenheim Fellow.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20221214094935/https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/akosua-adoma-owusu/ &quot;2015 Guggenheim Fellows&quot;.] ''John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation''. Retrieved 2015-10-13.&lt;/ref&gt;

For 2020 insyd, Owusu receive de Lincoln Center Award for Emerging Artists&lt;ref&gt;[http://aboutlincolncenter.org/press-room/release/1213?category_id=recent &quot;Emerging Artist Awards&quot;.] ''Lincoln Center''. Retrieved 2019-11-20.&lt;/ref&gt; Film for Lincoln Center bestow am.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Photo-Flash-BE-MORE-CHILL-Producer-Jennifer-Ashley-Tepper-and-More-Receive-2020-Emerging-Artist-Awards-at-Lincoln-Center-20200227 &quot;Lincoln Center Awards For Emerging Artists&quot;.] ''Broadway World''. Retrieved 2020-02-27.&lt;/ref&gt;

''Indiewire'' describe Owusu ein shape-shifting film style:&lt;blockquote&gt;Trafficking for de “complex contradictions” of blackness, displacement den memory, Owusu seamlessly transit between experimental cinema, fine art den African tradition so say ego create avant-garde films wey dey question de nature of identity.&lt;ref&gt;Page, Aubrey (7 October 2015). [http://www.indiewire.com/article/6-avant-garde-female-filmmakers-who-redefined-cinema-20151007 &quot;6 Avant-Garde Female Filmmakers Who Redefined Cinema&quot;.] ''Indiewire''. Retrieved 2016-02-18.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Ein permanent collections ==
Dem include ein work for de permanent collections of de Whitney Museum of American Art,&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180910014808/http://collection.whitney.org/artist/14667/AkosuaAdomaOwusu &quot;Whitney Museum Collections&quot;.] Archived from [http://collection.whitney.org/artist/14667/AkosuaAdomaOwusu the original] on 2018-09-10. Retrieved 2018-09-09.&lt;/ref&gt; de Centre Georges Pompidou,&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20201103123126/https://www.centrepompidou.fr/cpv/agenda/event.action?param.id=FR_R-fe46d1a3df9ce4b6ad849cd7721fb87&amp;param.idSource=FR_E-fe46d1a3df9ce4b6ad849cd7721fb87 &quot;Global(e) Resistance - Centre Pompidou Collections&quot;.] Archived from [https://www.centrepompidou.fr/cpv/agenda/event.action?param.id=FR_R-fe46d1a3df9ce4b6ad849cd7721fb87&amp;param.idSource=FR_E-fe46d1a3df9ce4b6ad849cd7721fb87 the original] on 2020-11-03. Retrieved 2020-06-03.&lt;/ref&gt; den de Fowler Museum for UCLA.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230127135750/https://curate.la/event.php?id=3781 &quot;Film Screening and Artist Talk: Akosua Adoma Owusu at Fowler Museum at UCLA&quot;.] ''curate.la''. Retrieved 2023-10-11.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rex Cinema ==
For 2013 insyd, Owusu launch sam global Kickstarter initiative wey go ‘Save the Rex’!&lt;ref&gt;[https://vimeo.com/81255397 ''Akosua Adoma Owusu: Life &amp; Save the Rex Project Part 1''], retrieved 2023-10-11&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://au.news.yahoo.com/filmmaker-battles-to-save-historic-ghana-cinema-19978618.html &quot;Filmmaker battles to save historic Ghana cinema&quot;]. ''Yahoo US''. 22 November 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-22.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AuEwUkOmsno &quot;Filmmaker hoping to rejuvenate Ghana's dilapidated old cinemas&quot;]. ''AFP news agency''. Retrieved 2013-10-27.&lt;/ref&gt; De Rex Cinema be one of Ghana ein oldest cinema houses. During sam tym of political insecurity for Ghana insyd for de 60s, 70s den 80s, na sam decline dey for Arts insyd. Dem close all of de cinema houses down for de wake of military coups den curfews. Owusu try save Rex Cinema for de purpose say she go preserve cinema houses.&lt;ref&gt;Rosen, Zachary. [https://africasacountry.com/2013/11/reimagining-ghanas-cinemaspace &quot;Reimagining Ghana's Cinemaspace&quot;]. ''Africa is a Country''. Retrieved 2013-11-13.&lt;/ref&gt; For 2016 insyd, Owusu develop sam screenplay wey edey base on ein global campaign give Save de Rex Cinema&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.opinion-internationale.com/2014/02/04/ghana-la-jeune-realisatrice-americano-ghaneenne-akosua-adoma-owusu-fait-revivre-le-rex-cinema_22035.html &quot;Ghana : La jeune réalisatrice américano-ghanéenne Akosua Adoma Owusu fait revivre le Rex Cinéma&quot;]. ''Opinion Internationale''. 4 February 2014. Retrieved 2014-02-04.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jeuneafrique.com/depeches/26491/politique/ghana-une-realisatrice-se-bat-pour-sauver-le-cinema-rex/ &quot;Ghana: une réalisatrice se bat pour sauver le cinéma Rex&quot;]. ''Jeune Afrique''. 27 November 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-28.&lt;/ref&gt; for Ghana insyd for de Camargo Foundation wey dey Cassis, France.&lt;ref&gt;Owusu, Akosua Adoma. [http://camargofoundation.org/programs/partnership-programs/jerome-foundation/art-matters/2016/akosua-adoma-owusu/ &quot;Camargo Foundation&quot;]. ''The Camargo Foundation - Save the Rex''. Retrieved 2016-10-09.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Owusu, Akosua Adoma. [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5734222/?ref_=nm_knf_i4 &quot;Save the Rex&quot;]. ''IMDb''. Retrieved 2018-10-10.&lt;/ref&gt; For 2017 insyd, ''De Guardian'' announce say na Owusu dey work for sam part-real life, part-fictionalized feature film about ein campaign so say ego restore de historic Rex cinema.&lt;ref&gt;McCool, Alice (6 March 2017). [https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/mar/06/accra-60-independence-birthday-parade-arts-colonisation-ghana &quot;Accra at 60: concrete heads and colonial questions in Ghana's capital&quot;]. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 2017-03-09.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ein international accomplishments ==
For 2015 insyd, Two films wey Owusu direct den produce na ebe critics' picks for Artforum magazine insyd.&lt;ref&gt;Sutton, Kate. [http://artforum.com/picks/id=56161 &quot;Akosua Adoma Owusu / Critics' Picks&quot;.] ''artforum.com''. Retrieved 2016-02-18.&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Owusu ein film ''Reluctantly Queer'' be one of critics’ best films of 2016 for Sight den Sound, sam monthly film magazine wey British Film Institute (BFI) publish am.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bfi.org.uk/best-films-2016 &quot;The best films of 2016&quot;]. ''Sight &amp; Sound Magazine''. Retrieved 2016-12-20.&lt;/ref&gt;

For 2016 insyd, Britain's Royal African Society name Owusu as dema Human of de Week den South Africa's ''Elle (magazine)'' too as one of 50 incredible women.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200218205209/http://whatsonafrica.org/whats-trending-014/ &quot;What's Trending #014: Human of the Week&quot;]. ''Whatsonafrica.org''. 4 August 2016. Retrieved 2016-08-07.&lt;/ref&gt;

For 2017 insyd, dem name am for ''Dazed'' magazine insyd as one of ten experimental filmmakers wey dey tackle de world ein big topics.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/34976/1/filmmakers-experimenting-with-big-subjects &quot;Ten experimental filmmakers tackling the world's big topics&quot;]. ''Dazed.com''. 2 March 2017. Retrieved 2017-03-09.&lt;/ref&gt;

For 2018 insyd, Cobo Center commission Owusu say make she produce sam video installation along Jefferson den Washington avenues for downtown Detroit, Michigan during Black History Month.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20180309/news/654786/video-game-art-dances-across-cobo-center-marquee-as-part-of-yearlong &quot;Video game art dances across Cobo Center marquee as part of yearlong series&quot;]. ''Crain's Detroit Business''. 2018-03-09. Retrieved 2023-02-17.&lt;/ref&gt;

Goethe-Institut Vila Sul award Owusu sam artist-in-residence for Salvador wey dey Bahia Brazil, for 2018 insyd, along plus celebrated British installation artist den filmmaker Isaac Julien.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.goethe.de/ins/br/en/sta/sal/ueb/vil/ako.html &quot;Akosua Adoma Owusu - 04/06 - 27/07/2018 - Goethe-Institut Brasilien&quot;]. ''www.goethe.de''. Retrieved 2023-02-17.&lt;/ref&gt;

Owusu participate as distinguished juror for de 57th annual Ann Arbor Film Festival wey she present sam special program wey dem dedicate for ein body of work.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.aafilmfest.org/post/2019/02/21/black-history-month &quot;Black History Month - 57th Ann Arbor Film Festival&quot;.] ''Ann Arbor Film Festival''. Retrieved 2019-04-21&lt;/ref&gt;

For 2019 insyd, she lead sam workshop for filmmakers, critics den researchers for Triple Consciousness for Cinema Camp&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210418054211/https://www.cinema.camp/en &quot;Cinema Camp&quot;]. ''Electrified Identities''. Archived from [https://www.cinema.camp/en the original] on 2021-04-18. Retrieved 2019-09-12.&lt;/ref&gt; wey be annual four-day long summer event wey Meno Avilys Film Center dey organize wey dem dey base for Vilnius wey dey Lithuania.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.zmones.lt/naujiena/is-ganos-kilusi-rezisiere-a-a-owusu-mes-afrikos-filmu-kurejai-turime-pasiulyti-kinui-kazka-autentisko.87280837-b99f-11e9-a421-aa000054c883 &quot;Iš Ganos kilusi režisierė A. A. Owusu&quot;]. ''ŽMONĖS''. Retrieved 2019-08-08.&lt;/ref&gt;

Owusu ein film ''White Afro''&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190819042347/https://www.locarnofestival.ch/en/pardo/program/archive/2019/film?fid=1111691&amp;eid=72&amp; &quot;White Afro&quot;.] ''Locarno Film Festival''. Retrieved 2019-08-30.&lt;/ref&gt; receive de Premio Medien Patent Verwaltung AG prize for Pardi di domani (Leopards of Tomorrow) section of de 2019 Locarno Festival&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230217223140/https://www.rsi.ch/news/vita-quotidiana/ciak-news/Il-programma-completo-della-67esima-edizione-1461910.html/BINARY/Il%20programma%20completo%20della%2067esima%20edizione &quot;Locarno Open Doors 2014&quot;.] ''Festival del film Locarno''. Retrieved 2014-08-24.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://variety.com/2012/film/news/locarno-open-doors-to-sub-saharan-africa-1118053160/ &quot;Locarno open doors to Sub-Saharan Africa&quot;]. ''Variety''. 26 April 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-26.&lt;/ref&gt; for Switzerland. Dem subtitle de film for three central European languages insyd.

Owusu ein film ''Pelourinho: They Don't Really Care About Us'' na ebe one of critics’ best films of 2019 for Sight and Sound magazine wey British Film Institute (BFI) publish insyd.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/polls-surveys/annual-round-ups/best-films-2019-all-votes#BeccaVoelcker &quot;The best films of 2019&quot;]. ''Sight &amp; Sound Magazine''. Retrieved 2019-12-20.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein selected exhibitions ==

* 2020: ''Akosua Adoma Owusu: Welcome to the Jungle'' for de Museum of Modern Art Documentary Fortnight&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.moma.org/calendar/events/6387 &quot;MoMA Documentary Fortnight&quot;.] ''Museum of Modern Art''. Retrieved 2020-02-08.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019: ''Akosua Adoma Owusu: Welcome to the Jungle'' for Contemporary Arts Center (New Orleans)&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20211028072648/https://cacno.org/welcometothejungle &quot;Contemporary Arts Center New Orleans&quot;.] ''Contemporary Arts Center New Orleans''. Retrieved 2020-02-03.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019: ''Akosua Adoma Owusu: Welcome to the Jungle'' for Wattis Institute for Contemporary Arts&lt;ref&gt;[https://wattis.org/view?id=687 &quot;Wattis Institute for Contemporary Arts&quot;.] ''CCA Wattis Institute''. Retrieved 2019-04-10.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019: ''Between Three Worlds: Films by Akosua Adoma Owusu'' for REDCAT&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220516084645/https://www.redcat.org/event/between-three-worlds-films-akosua-adoma-owusu &quot;REDCAT&quot;]. ''REDCAT(Roy and Edna Disney/CalArts Theater)''. Archived from [https://www.redcat.org/event/between-three-worlds-films-akosua-adoma-owusu the original] on 2022-05-16. Retrieved 2018-12-28.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019: ''Triple Consciousness: Films by Akosua Adoma Owusu'' for de Yerba Buena Center for the Arts&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sfcinematheque.org/screenings/triple-consciousness-films-by-akosua-adoma-owusu/ &quot;Yerba Buena Center for the Arts&quot;]. ''SF Cinematheque''. Retrieved 2019-04-11.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019: ''Sala de Video: Akosua Adoma Owusu'' for de São Paulo Museum of Art&lt;ref&gt;[https://masp.org.br/en/exhibitions/video-room-akosua-adoma-owusu &quot;Video room: Akosua Adoma Owusu&quot;]. ''Museu de Arte de São Paulo''. Retrieved 2019-04-12.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.e-flux.com/announcements/204006/histrias-afro-atlnticas/ &quot;Afro-Atlantic Histories&quot;]. ''Museu de Arte de São Paulo''. Retrieved 2018-09-12.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019: ''Triple Consciousness: Films by Akosua Adoma Owusu'' for de Institute for Contemporary Art, Richmond&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230217224129/https://icavcu.org/films/short-film-showcase-akosua-adoma-owusu/ &quot;Institute for Contemporary Art&quot;]. ''Institute for Contemporary Art(ICA)''. Retrieved 2019-03-14.&lt;/ref&gt;

* 2019: ''Screening: Akosua Adoma Owusu'' for de Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago&lt;ref&gt;[https://mcachicago.org/Calendar/2019/01/Screening-Akosua-Adoma-Owusu &quot;Screening: Akosua Adoma Owusu&quot;]. ''MCA Chicago''. Retrieved 2018-12-27.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2018: ''Triple Consciousness'' for BOZAR, Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200810055234/https://www.bozar.be/en/activities/147402-triple-consciousness &quot;Triple Consciousness: Films by Akosua Adoma Owusu&quot;]. ''BOZAR Cinema''. Archived from [https://www.bozar.be/en/activities/147402-triple-consciousness the original] on 2020-08-10. Retrieved 2018-05-11.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2018: ''African Twilight'' for de Bowers Museum;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230217224129/https://www.bowers.org/index.php/component/yendifevents/event/1735-kwaku-ananse-screening-and-live-performance-by-baba-the-storyteller &quot;African Twilight&quot;]. ''African Twilight''. Retrieved 2018-09-15.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2018: ''Fragments of a Dream'' for de McNay Art Museum;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180624150923/https://www.mcnayart.org/exhibitions/upcoming/fragments-of-a-dream &quot;Fragments of a Dream&quot;]. ''McNay Art Museum''. Archived from [https://www.mcnayart.org/exhibitions/upcoming/fragments-of-a-dream the original] on 2018-06-24. Retrieved 2018-06-15.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2018: ''Screening and Conversation with Director Akosua Adoma Owusu'' for de Fowler Museum for UCLA;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.fowler.ucla.edu/events/screening-conversation-monday-last-week-akosua-adoma-owusu/ &quot;On Monday of Last Week&quot;]. ''Fowler Museum''. Retrieved 2018-04-12.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220123211850/https://www.gf.org/news/events/akosua-adoma-owusu/ &quot;Akosua Adoma Owusu - John Simon Memorial Foundation&quot;]. ''John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation''. Retrieved 2018-04-17.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2017: ''Akosua Adoma Owusu and Bus Nut'' for de Atlanta Contemporary Art Center;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230217224542/https://atlantacontemporary.org/exhibitions/akosua-adoma-owusu &quot;Atlanta Contemporary Art Center&quot;]. ''Atlanta Contemporary''. Retrieved 2017-06-05.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2016: ''Making Africa: Akosua Adoma Owusu'' for Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cccb.org/en/participants/file/akosua-adoma-owusu/223091 &quot;New Voices of African Cinema - Akosua Adoma Owusu&quot;]. ''Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona''. Retrieved 2016-04-18.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cccb.org/en/activities/file/new-voices-of-african-cinema-akosua-adoma-owusu/223059 &quot;Making Africa - Akosua Adoma Owusu&quot;.] ''Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona - Akosua Adoma Owusu''. Retrieved 2016-04-21.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2016: ''Films by Akosua Adoma Owusu'' for Tabakalera&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190411052826/https://www.tabakalera.eu/en/akosua-adoma-owusu &quot;Tabakalera&quot;]. ''Tabakalera''. Archived from [https://www.tabakalera.eu/en/akosua-adoma-owusu the original] on 2019-04-11. Retrieved 2016-04-06.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2016: ''Encuentro con Akosua Adoma Owusu'' for de Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Castilla y León&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.laguiago.com/evento/encuentro-akosua-adoma-owusu-musac/ &quot;Encuentro con Akosua Adoma Owusu&quot;]. ''MUSAC''. 7 April 2016. Retrieved 2016-09-15.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2016: ''L'évènement Akosua Adoma Owusu'' for e Centre Georges Pompidou&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180624150435/https://www.centrepompidou.fr/cpv/resource/c45yK9a/rx5XKMR &quot;L'évènement Akosua Adoma Owusu&quot;]. ''Centre Pompidou''. Archived from [https://www.centrepompidou.fr/cpv/resource/c45yK9a/rx5XKMR the original] on 2018-06-24. Retrieved 2016-09-03.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2016: ''Triple Consciousness'' for de Museum of Fine Arts, Houston&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cinemahtx.org/3889-2/ &quot;Triple Consciousness: Films of Akosua Adoma Owusu&quot;]. ''Houston Cinema Arts Society''. 26 October 2016. Retrieved 2016-11-25.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cinemahtx.org/introduction-to-the-2016-program/ &quot;Billy Woodberry - Bless Their Little Hearts&quot;]. ''Houston Cinema Arts Festival''. 26 October 2016. Retrieved 2016-10-26.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2016: ''Dreamlands: Immersive Cinema and Art, 1905–2016'' for de Whitney Museum of American Art&lt;ref&gt;[https://whitney.org/Events/Afrofuturism &quot;Dreamlands: Afrofuturism - Whitney Museum&quot;.] ''Whitney Museum of American Art''. Retrieved 2016-12-12.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20201028032813/https://whitney.org/Events/PainRevisited &quot;Dreamlands: Pain Revisited - Whitney Museum&quot;]. ''Whitney Museum of American Art''. Archived from [https://whitney.org/Events/PainRevisited the original] on 2020-10-28. Retrieved 2016-12-12.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2015: ''Modern Mondays: An Evening with Akosua Adoma Owusu'' for de Museum of Modern Art&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.moma.org/calendar/events/1621 &quot;An Evening With Akosua Adoma Owusu - MoMA&quot;]. ''Museum of Modern Art''. Retrieved 2015-12-27.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2015: ''Existential Crisis'' for de Rochester Art Center&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210614050241/https://rochesterartcenter.org/exhibition/akosua-adoma-owusu/ &quot;Rochester Art Center&quot;]. Retrieved 2015-12-11.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2015: ''America Is Hard to See'' for de Whitney Museum of American Art&lt;ref&gt;[https://whitney.org/Exhibitions/AmericaIsHardToSee &quot;America is Hard To See&quot;]. ''Whitney Museum of American Art''. Retrieved 2015-05-13.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://blog.calarts.edu/2015/04/20/calartians-named-2015-guggenheim-fellows/ &quot;24700 News from CalArts&quot;]. ''California Institute of the Arts''. 20 April 2015. Retrieved 2015-07-09.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2015: ''The Art of Hair in Africa'' for de Fowler Museum for UCLA&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.fowler.ucla.edu/exhibitions/fowler-focus-art-hair-africa/ &quot;Fowler in Focus: The Art of Hair in Africa&quot;]. ''Fowler Museum at UCLA''. Retrieved 2015-11-10.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2015: ''Two Films by Akosua Adoma Owusu'' for Art and Practice&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200603163249/https://www.artandpractice.org/public-programs/in-conversation-njideka-akunyili-crosby-and-akosua-adoma-owusu-with-jamillah-james/ &quot;In Conversation: Njideka Akunyili Crosby and Akosua Adoma Owusu with Jamillah James&quot;]. ''Art and Practice''. Archived from [https://www.artandpractice.org/public-programs/in-conversation-njideka-akunyili-crosby-and-akosua-adoma-owusu-with-jamillah-james/ the original] on 2020-06-03. Retrieved 2015-09-24.&lt;/ref&gt;  insyd association plus de Hammer Museum&lt;ref&gt;[https://hammer.ucla.edu/programs-events/2015/09/off-site-program-in-conversation-njideka-akunyili-crosby-and-akosua-adoma-owusu/ &quot;Off-Site Program: In Conversation: Njideka Akunyili Crosby and Akosua Adoma Owusu&quot;]. ''Hammer Museum''. 24 September 2015. Retrieved 2015-09-27.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2015: ''Do/Tell'' for de Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia&lt;ref&gt;[https://icaphila.org/exhibitions/do-tell-erin-bernard-heather-hart-rachelle-mozman-and-akosua-adoma-owusu/ &quot;Do/Tell&quot;]. ''ICA Philadelphia''. 8 March 2015. Retrieved 2015-09-29.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2014: ''Prospect.3: Notes for Now'' New Orleans Triennial&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.artforum.com/inprint/issue=201501&amp;id=49428 &quot;Prospect.3&quot;]. ''artforum.com''. Retrieved 2015-01-13.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2013: ''Films by Akosua Adoma Owusu'' for de Moderna Museet&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.modernamuseet.se/stockholm/sv/aktiviteter/cinemafrica-filmfestival/ &quot;CinemAfrica - Moderna Museet&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2012: ''Fore'' for de Studio Museum in Harlem&lt;ref&gt;[https://siris-libraries.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1546O9V395595.39270&amp;profile=liball&amp;source=~!silibraries&amp;view=subscriptionsummary&amp;uri=full=3100001~!1025889~!1&amp;ri=2&amp;aspect=Keyword&amp;menu=search&amp;ipp=20&amp;spp=20&amp;staffonly=&amp;term=akosua+adoma+owusu&amp;index=GW&amp;uindex=&amp;aspect=Keyword&amp;menu=search&amp;ri=2 &quot;Fore - Smithsonian Libraries&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2012: ''The Bearden Project'' for de Studio Museum for Harlem insyd&lt;ref&gt;[http://gailgregg.com/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/Beardenmania.pdf &quot;Beardenmania&quot;] (PDF). ''ARTnews''. Retrieved 2012-06-01.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/841590034 ''The Bearden Project''.] [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]]&amp;nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/841590034 841590034]. Retrieved 2012-12-20 &amp;#x2013; via WorldCat.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2011: ''VideoStudio: Changing Same'' for de Studio Museum for Harlem insyd&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20181230025935/https://www.studiomuseum.org/exhibition/videostudio/changing-same &quot;VideoStudio: Changing Same&quot;]. Archived from [https://www.studiomuseum.org/exhibition/videostudio/changing-same the original] on 2018-12-30. Retrieved 2010-11-12.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2011: ''Quadruple Consciousness'' for de Vox Populi (art gallery)&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230217224928/http://voxpopuligallery.org/exhibitions/quadruple-consciousness/ &quot;Quadruple Consciousness&quot;.] ''voxpopuligallery.org''. Retrieved 2011-01-06.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2009: ''30 Seconds Off an Inch'' for de Studio Museum in Harlem&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/11/arts/design/11inch.html &quot;A Beating Heart of Social Import&quot;.] ''NY Times''. Retrieved 2009-12-10.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2009: ''Me Broni Ba'' for de Museum of Modern Art Documentary Fortnight&lt;ref&gt;[http://press.moma.org/wp-content/press-archives/PRESS_RELEASE_ARCHIVE/DocMonth_Release.pdf &quot;MoMA Documentary Fortnight&quot;] (PDF). ''Museum of Modern Art''. Retrieved 2009-02-01.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein awards den nominations ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Year
!Award
!Work
!Category
!Result
!Ref.
|-
|2005
|Virginia Film Festival
|''Ajube Kete''
|Ken Jacobs Award for Best Experimental Short Film
|Chop
|
|-
|2008
|Berlin International Film Festival
|''Me Broni Ba/My White Baby''
|Berlinale Talent Campus
|Chop
|
|-
|2008
|California Institute of the Arts
|''Good Hair''
|Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences Grant
|Chop
|
|-
|2008
|Detroit Docs
|''Intermittent Delight''
|Most Progressive Filmmaker Award
|Chop
|
|-
|2008
|Mexico International Film Festival
|''Me Broni Ba/My White Baby''
|Silver Palm Award
|Chop
|
|-
|2009
|Athens International Film and Video Festival
|''Me Broni Ba/My White Baby''
|Best Documentary Short
|Chop
|
|-
|2009
|Chicago Underground Film Festival
|''Me Broni Ba/My White Baby''
|Best Documentary Short
|Chop
|
|-
|2010
|Robert J. Flaherty Film Seminar
|Work
|Featured Artist
|Chop
|
|-
|2010
|Real Life Documentary Festival
|''Me Broni Ba/My White Baby''
|Special Jury Mention, Best Short Film
|Chop
|
|-
|2011
|Black Maria Film Festival
|''Drexciya''
|Jury's Citation Prize
|Chop
|
|-
|2011
|African Film Festival, Tarifa
|''Drexciya''
|Special Jury Mention
|Chop
|
|-
|2011
|Expresión en Corto International Film Festival
|''Drexciya''
|Best Experimental Short
|Chop
|
|-
|2012
|Focus Features Africa First
|''Kwaku Ananse''
|Production Grant
|Chop
|
|-
|2012
|Creative Capital Foundation
|''Black Sunshine''
|Film/Video Grant
|Chop
|
|-
|2012
|Art Matters Foundation
|''Kwaku Ananse''
|Post-Production Grant
|Chop
|
|-
|2013
|Ann Arbor Film Festival
|''Split Ends, I Feel Wonderful''
|Most Promising Filmmaker Prize
|Chop
|
|-
|2013
|Berlin International Film Festival
|''Kwaku Ananse''
|Golden Bear Best Short Film
|Dem nominate am
|
|-
|2013
|Africa Movie Academy Award
|''Kwaku Ananse''
|Best Short Film
|Chop
|
|-
|2013
|Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma
|''Kwaku Ananse''
|Best Short Film of the Year
|Chop
|
|-
|2013
|Arte International Prize
|''Black Sunshine''
|Development Grant
|Chop
|
|-
|2013
|MacDowell Colony Fellowship
|''Black Sunshine''
|Screenwriting Grant
|Chop
|
|-
|2014
|Berlin International Film Festival
|''Black Sunshine''
|Production Grant
|Chop
|
|-
|2015
|Association Cinémas et Cultures d'Afrique
|''Kwaku Ananse''
|Special Jury Mention
|Chop
|
|-
|2015
|John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation
|''Black Sunshine''
|Guggenheim Fellowship
|Chop
|
|-
|2015
|Tribeca Film Institute
|''Black Sunshine''
|Tribeca All Access Development Grant
|Chop
|
|-
|2016
|Berlin International Film Festival
|''Reluctantly Queer''
|Golden Bear for Best Short Film
|Dem nominate am
|
|-
|2016
|Berlin International Film Festival
|''Reluctantly Queer''
|Teddy Award for Best Short Film
|Dem nominate am
|
|-
|2016
|Baltimore International Black Film Festival
|''Reluctantly Queer''
|Audience Award for Best International Short Film
|Chop
|
|-
|2016
|The Camargo Foundation
|''Save the Rex''
|Travel Grant
|Chop
|
|-
|2017
|Africa Movie Academy Award
|''On Monday of Last Week''
|Best Short Film
|Dem nominate am
|
|-
|2018
|Pratt Institute
|''On Monday of Last Week''
|Mellon Research Grant
|Chop
|
|-
|2018
|International Short Film Festival Oberhausen
|Oberhausen Film Seminar
|Featured Artist
|Chop
|
|-
|2018
|Goethe-Institut Vila Sul Salvador-Bahia
|''Black Sunshine''
|Artist-in-Residence
|Chop
|
|-
|2018
|Cobo Center Marquee Video Art Series
|''Intermittent Delight''
|John S. and James L. Knight Foundation
|Chop
|
|-
|2019
|Wattis Institute for Contemporary Arts
|''Akosua Adoma Owusu: Welcome to the Jungle''
|The Westridge Foundation
|Chop
|
|}

== Ein filmography ==

=== Filmography ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Year
!Film
!Role
|-
|2005
|''Ajube Kete''
|writer, director, producer, cinematographer
|-
|2006
|''Tea 4 Two''
|director, producer, cinematographer
|-
|2007
|''Intermittent Delight''
|director, producer, cinematographer
|-
|2008
|''Revealing Roots''
|actress, director, producer
|-
|2008
|''Boyant: A Michael Jordan in a Speedo is Far Beyond the Horizon''
|actress, producer
|-
|2009
|''Me Broni Ba''
|director, producer, cinematographer
|-
|2010-11
|''Drexciya''
|director, producer, cinematographer
|-
|2012
|''Split Ends, I Feel Wonderful''
|director, producer
|-
|2013
|''Kwaku Ananse''
|writer, director, producer
|-
|2015
|''Bus Nut''
|director, producer, cinematographer
|-
|2016
|''Reluctantly Queer''
|director, producer, cinematographer
|-
|2017
|''On Monday of Last Week''
|writer, director, producer
|-
|2018
|''Mahogany Too''
|director, producer, cinematographer
|-
|2019
|''Pelourinho: They Don’t Really Care About Us''
|director, producer, cinematographer
|-
|2019
|''White Afro''
|director, producer, cinematographer
|-
|2020
|''King of Sanwi''
|director, producer, cinematographer
|-
|in production
|''Black Sunshine'' (feature film)
|writer, director, producer
|}

== Further reading ==

* Owusu, Akosua Adoma, and Adwoa Adu-Gyamfi. ''Me broni ba''. New York, NY: Cinema Guild (2009).
* Baron, Jaimie. ''Inappropriate Bodies: Contemporary Filmmakers Challenging Gender Constructions through Appropriation.'' [1] UCLA Center for the Study of Women (2009).
* Birchall, Danny. ''Things Said Again'' (2010) Film Quarterly Volume 63, Issue 3, pg. 55-57
* Nelmes, Jill. ''Introduction to Film Studies'' (2012) [2]
* Dovey, Lindiwe. ''African Feminist Engagements with Film'' (2012) [3], p. 18-23.
* Mask, Mia, Contemporary Black American Cinema: Race, Gender and Sexuality at the Movies (2012).
* Kendall, Nzingha, Commentary: Haunting in Akosua Adoma Owusu's Short Experimental Films (2013). ''Black Camera''
* Agyeman, Erica. Akosua Adoma Owusu: Exploring 'Threeness, ''The International Review of African American Art'' 24.3 (2013), 11–13.
* Prabhu, Anjali. ''Contemporary Cinema of Africa and the Diaspora'' [4] (2014).
* Laderman, David. ''Sampling Media'' [5] (2014).
* UNESCO. ''Égalité des genres: patrimoine et créativité'' [6] (2014).
* Ellerson, Beti. ''Gaze Regimes: Film And Feminisms In Africa'' (2015) [7]
* Johnson, Elizabeth. ''Female Narratives in Nollywood Melodramas'' (2016) [8], p. 113.
* Kelly, Gabrielle. ''Celluloid Ceiling: Women Film Directors Breaking Through'' (2018) [9]
* Lené Hole, Kristin. ''Film Feminisms: A Global Introduction'' [10] (2018).
* Bisschoff, Lizelle. ''Women in African Cinema: Beyond the Body Politic.'' [11] (2019).
* Nyeck, S.N. ''Routledge Handbook of Queer African Studies'' [12] (2019).
* Williams, James S. ''Ethics and Aesthetics in Contemporary African Cinema: The Politics of Beauty'' [13] (2019).
* Dasilva, Dax. ''Age of Union: Igniting The Changemaker'' [14] (2020).
* Huberman, Anthony. ''Abbas to Yuki: Writing Alongside Exhibitions'' [15] (2020).

== References ==
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Ghanaian American]]
[[Category:Ghanaian film directors]]
[[Category:University of Virginia alumni]]
[[Category:Ghanaian women film directors]]
[[Category:People from Virginia]]
[[Category:Artists from Virginia]]
[[Category:American women film producers]]
[[Category:Film directors from Virginia]]
[[Category:African-American film directors]]
[[Category:African-American women artists]]
[[Category:American women artists]]
[[Category:American women film directors]]
[[Category:California Institute of the Arts alumni]]
[[Category:American video artists]]
[[Category:People from Alexandria, Virginia]]
[[Category:African-American artists]]
[[Category:Ghanaian artists]]
[[Category:21st-century African-American people]]
[[Category:21st-century African-American women]]
[[Category:20th-century African-American people]]
[[Category:20th-century African-American women]]
[[Category:American people of Ghanaian descent]]</text>
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    <title>Dzifa Gomashie</title>
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{{Databox|item=Q59698493}}
'''Ablah Dzifa Gomashie''' be Ghanaian female veteran actress, producer, screen scriptwriter den politician. Na she be de Deputy Minister of Tourism for National Democratic Congress (NDC) dema term for office between 2013 den 2017 as na John Dramani Mahama be de presido.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20191027212504/http://www.peacefmonline.com/ghana/people/moviestars/dzifa_gomashie/biography/ &quot;Dzifa Gomashie Biography | Profile | Ghana&quot;]. ''peacefmonline''. Retrieved 14 December 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190723142549/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2018/November-2nd/dzifa-gomashie-retires-from-acting.php &quot;Dzifa Gomashie retires from acting&quot;]. ''myjoyonline''. Retrieved 14 December 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://citinewsroom.com/tag/dzifa-gomashie/ &quot;Dzifa Gomashie Archives&quot;]. ''Citi Newsroom''. Retrieved 14 December 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; She be de current parliamentary candidate of de NDC give Ketu South Constituency den queen-mother give Aflao Traditional Area.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Effah, K. (19 October 2019). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230314142119/https://yen.com.gh/135523-ndcs-dzifa-gomashie-loses-husband.html &quot;NDC's Ketu South parliamentary candidate Dzifa Gomashie loses husband&quot;]. ''Yen- Ghana news''. Retrieved 25 October 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230314142128/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2019/10/18/sad-dzifa-gomashie-loses-husband/ &quot;Sad! Dzifa Gomashie Loses Husband&quot;]. ''GhanaCelebrities''. 18 October 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://www.modernghana.com/news/951840/ketu-south-dzifa-gomashie-wins-primary-in-ndcs.html &quot;Ketu-South: Dzifa Gomashie wins primary in NDC's 'World Bank'&quot;]. ''Modern Ghana''. Retrieved 25 October 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[https://citinewsroom.com/2019/08/ketu-south-dzifa-gomashie-wins-primary-in-ndcs-world-bank/ &quot;Ketu-South: Dzifa Gomashie wins primary in NDC's 'World Bank'&quot;]. ''Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana, Current Affairs, Business News , Headlines, Ghana Sports, Entertainment, Politics''. 24 August 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein early den education ==
Dem born Gomashie for 25 July 1965 insyd for Accra wey ebe Mr Patrick Dotse Gomashie den Helen Gomashie wey born am.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20230314142436/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=77&lt;/ref&gt; She dey cam from Aflao wey dey Volta region. She get secondary level education for St. Louis Senior High School wey dey Kumasi wey she later further for University of Ghana, wer she acquire diploma for Theatre Arts insyd, bachelor's degree for Theatre Management insyd den MPhil for African Studies insyd from de Institute of African Studies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Ein career ==
Gomashie begin ein career as actress start for 1985 insyd as she join de Talents Theatre Company. She feature for plays like Black Star, Mambo, Chaka de Zulu, Jogolo den De Third Woman. She san star for several movies insyd wey dey include: Ghost Tears, House of Pain, Heart of Gold den chaw numba of National Arts NAFTI student productions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; She san be script writer wey write den produce 'By The Fire Side', ebi GTV programme wey use story-telling encourage kiddies so say Dem go mow more den develop demma reading skills but ebi currently on hold secof dem dey lack sponsors.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Aside say she dey act, she get restaurant wey dem bell am 'Mama's Kitchen' for Ashale Botwe,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; but eno dey operate again.

== Ein life matter ==
Gomashie marry de late Martin K. G. Ahiaglo. Dis couple neva get kiddie togeda. Na Dzifa get one kiddie (son) from ein previous relationship.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/ndc-parliamentary-candidate-for-ketu-south-dzifa-gomashie-loses-husband/dz4zyw6 &quot;NDC parliamentary candidate for Ketu South, Dzifa Gomashie, loses husband&quot;]. ''pulse Ghana''. 19 October 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein honors ==
De organizers of 3Music Awards honor am secof ein achievement for de entertainment industry insyd for Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/theresa-ayoade-akosua-adjepong-daughters-of-glorious-jesus-others-honoured-at-3music-womens-brunch/ &quot;Theresa Ayoade, Akosua Adjepong, Daughters of Glorious Jesus, others honoured at 3Music Women's Brunch - MyJoyOnline.com&quot;]. ''Myjoyonline''. Retrieved 10 March 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
[[Category:Ghanaian film actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian women politicians]]
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:University of Ghana alumni]]
[[Category:National Democratic Congress (Ghana) politicians]]
[[Category:Ghanaian actresses]]
[[Category:Ghanaian politicians]]
[[Category:Ghanaian film producers]]
[[Category:Ghanaian women film producers]]
[[Category:Ghanaian MPs 2021–2025]]
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Ghanaians]]</text>
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'''Fatimatu Abubakar''' be Ghanaian lawyer, politician den entrepreneur. She be member of de New Patriotic Party den de current Information Minister.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-05-21|title=Akufo-Addo swears-in 24 new ministers and deputy ministers|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2024/05/akufo-addo-swears-in-24-new-ministers-and-deputy-ministers/|access-date=2024-06-12|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fatimatu Abubakar previously be Deputy Information Minister den sanso de Deputy Communications Director for office of de President. Prior to ein political appointments, she san work plus Lasdown Resort, [[Aburi]], den SRM Engineering limited wey na she dey serve as de house manager den clerk respectively.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fatimatu Abubakar – Ministry Of Information Ghana|url=https://moi.gov.gh/about-us/the-minister/fatimatu-abubakar/|access-date=2024-06-12|website=moi.gov.gh}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fatimatu Abubakar study Psychology den English for de first den de second degrees.&lt;ref&gt;[https://citinewsroom.com/2022/05/three-suspects-appear-in-court-over-attack-on-benya-fm-in-elmina/ &quot;Three suspects appear in court over attack on Benya FM in Elmina&quot;]. ''Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana''. 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2022-05-21.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.modernghana.com/news/757231/akufo-addo-appoints-deputy-communications-director.html &quot;Akufo-Addo appoints Deputy Communications Director&quot;]. ''Modern Ghana''. Retrieved 2020-05-25.&lt;/ref&gt;

Na dem appoint Fatimatu Abubakar for de New ''Minister for Information'' for 14 February 2024 top, wey she take ova from Kojo Oppong Nkrumah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=‘We look forward to a good working relationship with you’ — PRINPAG to new Information Minister Fatimatu Abubakar |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1292732/we-look-forward-to-a-good-working-relationship.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Miss Abubakar for Kumasi for [[Ashanti Region]] wey dey Ghana. She graduate from de University of Ghana wey dey Legon plus bachelor's degree for Psychology den English Language insyd. As na she dey school for University of Ghana wey dey Legon nu, she serve as de Vice Pee of Akuafo Hall Junior Common Room for 2008 insyd wey she san contest for de position of de Coordinating Secretary of de National Union of Ghana Students (NUGS) for 2010 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/akufo-addo-appoints-deputy-communications-director/ &quot;Akufo-Addo appoints Deputy Communications Director&quot;]. ''MyJoyOnline''. 2017-02-22. Retrieved 2020-05-25.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein career den political life ==
She be Deputy Minister for Information since June 2021 to February 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=GNA |date=2024-02-14 |title=President reshuffles Cabinet, 13 ministers, 10 deputies out |url=https://gna.org.gh/2024/02/president-reshuffles-cabinet-13-ministers-10-deputies-out/ |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=Ghana News Agency |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; For January 2017 insyd, dem appoint am de deputy director of Communications for Flagstaff House by [[Nana Akufo-Addo|President Nana Akuffo-Addo]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170223111847/http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/February-22nd/akufo-addo-appoints-deputy-communications-director.php &quot;Akufo-Addo appoints Deputy Communications Director&quot;]. Retrieved 2018-08-02.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/PPG-CONGRATULATES-MS-FATIMATU-ABUBAKAR-514206 &quot;PPG CONGRATULATES MS. FATIMATU ABUBAKAR&quot;]. ''GhanaWeb''. Retrieved 2020-05-25.&lt;/ref&gt; Previously, she serve as Campaign aide to Akufo-Addo for de lead insyd up to de 2016 den 2020 elections.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fatimatu Abubakar |url=https://moi.gov.gh/about-us/the-minister/fatimatu-abubakar/}}&lt;/ref&gt; She sanso be part of de Akufo-Addo ein legal team during de 2020 election petition. Prior to ein appointment, na she dey work for Lansdown Resort, Danquah Institute den SRM Engineering.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== References ==

[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Ghanaians]]
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:People from Upper West Region]]
[[Category:Ghanaian people stubs]]
[[Category:Ghanaian politicians]]
[[Category:Ghanaian lawyers]]
[[Category:20th-century Ghanaian women]]
[[Category:Ghana School of Law alumni]]
[[Category:University of Ghana alumni]]
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian women politicians]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Felix Nartey</title>
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'''Felix Nartey''' be Ghanaian social entrepreneur den open advocate. Dem name am de Wikimedian of de Year for August 2017 insyd by Wikipedia dema co-founder Jimmy Wales for Wikimania.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Elsharbaty, Samir (2017-08-16). [[diffblog:2017/08/16/felix-nartey-wikimedian-of-the-year/|&quot;Felix Nartey named Wikimedian of the Year for 2017&quot;]]. ''Wikimedia Blog''. Wikimedia Foundation. Retrieved 2017-08-18.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Sanchez, Cristina (2017-09-23). [https://www.elconfidencial.com/tecnologia/2017-09-23/wikipedista-ghana-africa-felix-nartey-wikipedia_1448323/ &quot;El wikipedista del año que dejó su trabajo para poner África en el mapa de internet. Noticias de Tecnología&quot;]. ''El Confidencial'' (insyd Spanish). Retrieved 2017-11-25.&lt;/ref&gt; He be de chapter lead den Co-founder of Creative Commons  for Ghana wey he sana be  de co-founder of Open Foundation West Africa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://network.creativecommons.org/chapter/ &quot;Chapters&quot;]. ''CC Global Network''. 2018-06-09. Retrieved 2018-09-01.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://msbwrites.co.uk/2018/08/16/what-image-is-ghanas-copyright-law-projecting/ &quot;What image is Ghana's copyright law projecting?&quot;]. ''MisBeeeWrites''. 2018-08-16. Retrieved 2018-09-01.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180902052259/https://openfoundationwestafrica.org/team.php &quot;OFWA - Team&quot;]. ''openfoundationwestafrica.org''. Archived from [https://openfoundationwestafrica.org/team.php the original] on 2018-09-02. Retrieved 2018-09-01.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein early life ==
Dem born Felix for Tema for Ghana insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;&quot;Wiki Loves Women Team&quot;. ''Wiki Loves Women''. Retrieved 2017-08-21.&lt;/ref&gt; He graduate from Pope John Secondary School for 2008 insyd, Central University plus B.Sc. for Banking den Finance for 2013 insyd, wey he sana plete ein M.B.A for de Anhalt University of Applied Sciences.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; As he dey study for Central University, dem appoint am as Google Student Ambassador, position wey surge ein interest for technology insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220122104412/https://googleclubcuc.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_8236.html &quot;about us&quot;]. ''googleclubcuc.blogspot.se''. Retrieved 2017-11-28.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein career ==
Na Nartey dey  job as banker after ein first degree, wey na he be avid volunteer for oda capacities insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; He serve as de community manager give Wikimedia Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Mizrahi, Ruby; Elsharbaty, Samir; Kozlowski, Tomasz (2017-01-11). [[diffblog:2017/01/11/felix-nartey/|&quot;Writing Ghana into Wikipedia: Felix Nartey&quot;]]. ''Wikimedia Blog''. Retrieved 2017-08-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Akpah, Prince (2016-03-04). [https://web.archive.org/web/20211028095303/http://newsofthesouth.com/ghana-celebrates-15-years-of-wikipedia/ &quot;Ghana Celebrates 15 Years Of Wikipedia&quot;]. ''News of the South''. Retrieved 2017-08-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gargantini, Gabriele (2016-07-03). [https://www.ilpost.it/2016/07/03/esino-lario-ha-fatto-modifica/ &quot;Esino Lario ha fatto &quot;Modifica&quot;&quot;]. ''Il Post'' (insyd Italian). Retrieved 2017-08-27.&lt;/ref&gt; Later nu he co-found Open Foundation West Africa, non-profit organization wey ein goal be say e go encourage de creation of content under open licenses.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wikifundi.org/wikifundi/wikifundi-launched-to-help-editors-contribute-to-wikipedia-offline/ &quot;WikiFundi launched to help editors contribute to Wikipedia offline&quot;]. ''WikiFundi''. 2017-02-03. Retrieved 2017-08-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Esson, Theresah (2017-04-19). [https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/praad-receives-support-to-digitise-archival-information.html &quot;PRAAD receives support to digitise archival information&quot;]. ''Graphic Online''. Retrieved 2017-08-26.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170205111058/https://openfoundationwestafrica.org/2017/01/21/open-foundation-west-africa-holds-first-creative-commons-salon-in-ghana/ &quot;Open Foundation West Africa Holds First Creative Commons Salon in Ghana&quot;]. ''OFWA''. 2017-01-21. Archived from [https://openfoundationwestafrica.org/2017/01/21/open-foundation-west-africa-holds-first-creative-commons-salon-in-ghana/ the original] on 2017-02-05. Retrieved 2017-08-31.&lt;/ref&gt;

As of August 2017, Nartey work as consultant for de capacity of Global Coordinator give de Wikipedia Library for de Wikimedia Foundation.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20171220105530/http://www.classicghana.com/ghanaian-crowned-wikimedian-year-2017/ &quot;Felix Nartey named Wikimedian of the Year 2017&quot;]. ''Classic Ghana''. 2017-08-29. Archived from [http://www.classicghana.com/ghanaian-crowned-wikimedian-year-2017/ the original] on 20 December 2017. Retrieved 2017-11-25.&lt;/ref&gt; Nartey go on go job for different capacities insyd for de Wikimedia Foundation, wey currently nu he dey occupy de position of Senior Program Officer.&lt;ref&gt;[[foundationsite:profile/felix-nartey-2/|&quot;Felix Nartey&quot;]]. ''Wikimedia Foundation''. 2021-03-08. Retrieved 2021-12-30.&lt;/ref&gt;

He sana so serve for different capacities for boards top den as advisor. He serve for more dan 5 years as board chair give Open Foundation West Africa, currently he dey serve as advisory board member give Kiwix den advisory committee member give Open Access Week.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230720101653/https://www.kiwix.org/en/about/the-kiwix-team/ &quot;The Team&quot;]. ''Kiwix''. Retrieved 2021-12-30.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Asankomah, Tony (2020-08-08). [https://www.ghmoviefreak.com/nfa-signs-agreement-to-kickstart-wikiproject/ &quot;NFA Signs Agreement To Kickstart 'WikiProject'&quot;]. ''GhMovieFreak''. Retrieved 2021-12-30.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Shockey, Nick (25 May 2018). [http://www.openaccessweek.org/profiles/blogs/advisory-committee &quot;Open Access Week Advisory Committee&quot;]. ''www.openaccessweek.org''. Retrieved 30 December 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein contributions for de Open Movement ==
Nartey join de Wikimedia movement for 2012 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He dey add content about ein home country, Ghana, wey he dey lead chaw initiatives so say e go promote de importance make dem edit Wikipedia, wey dey include GLAM activities, de Wikipedia Education Program, activities wey dey target bridging de gender gap, den de Wikipedia Library.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gyesi, Zadok K. [https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/project-created-to-publish-information-on-ghanaian-women.html &quot;Project created to publish information on Ghanaian women&quot;]. ''Graphic Online''. Retrieved 2019-01-16.&lt;/ref&gt;

Na he be member for de  Drafting Committee give de Wikimedia Movement Strategy, member for de Advisory Group give de transition for de Creative Commons Global Network Strategy den member for de interim Global Network Council give Creative Commons.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://github.com/creativecommons/global-network-strategy global-network-strategy: Action plan to design a model of collaboration for the future of the CC Network]'', Creative Commons, 2016-11-29, retrieved 2017-11-25&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[metawiki:Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/People/Drafting_Group|&quot;Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/People/Drafting Group - Meta&quot;]]. ''meta.wikimedia.org''. Retrieved 2017-11-25.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://github.com/creativecommons/global-network-strategy/blob/master/docs/the-interim-membership-council.md &quot;creativecommons/global-network-strategy&quot;]. ''GitHub''. Retrieved 2018-09-01.&lt;/ref&gt; Na he san so be member for de core team for de Firefox Africa Group.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

For ein Wikipedian of de Year dedication, Wales mention say Nartey play leading role for de organization for de 2nd Wiki Indaba conference 2017 for Accra insyd, wey he san so be critical for building up de local communities for Africa insyd.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHQqUjESjSA Wikimania 2017 Closing Ceremony]''. YouTube. 2017-08-13.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Category:Ghanaian bankers]]
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:Ghanaians]]
[[Category:People wey komot Tema]]
[[Category:Social entrepreneurs]]
[[Category:Ghanaian Wikimedians]]

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
[[Category:Wikimedia Foundation staff members]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Wikipedia people]]
[[Category:Central University (Ghana) alumni]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gertrude Torkornoo</title>
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'''Gertrude Araba Esaaba Torkornoo''' (dem born am 11 September 1962) be Ghanaian judge den author. Formerly judge of de Appeal Court, dem nominate am as Supreme Court Judge for November 2019 insyd wey dem vet am for 10 December 2019 insyd.&lt;ref&gt;[https://citinewsroom.com/2019/12/supreme-court-justice-nominee-gertrude-torkonoo-faces-appointments-committee-today/ &quot;Appointments Committee to vet Justice Torkornoo for Supreme Court Today&quot;]. MyJoyOnline. Retrieved 10 January 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; Dem swear am in for 17 December 2019 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200112165119/http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/December-17th/apply-laws-without-fear-favour-akufo-addo-to-new-judges.php &quot;Apply laws without fear or favour – Akufo-Addo to new Supreme Court Justices&quot;]. MyJoyOnline. Retrieved 10 January 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; Na she be one of de first Justices for de Commercial Division for de High Court wey na she be active for de core reform agenda insyd den activities for de Judiciary den Judicial Service for Ghana since 2005. Dem nominate am for de office of Chief Justice for April 2023 insyd make she replace Justice Kwasi Anin Yeboah wen he retire as Chief Justice for May 24, 2023.&lt;ref&gt;[https://citinewsroom.com/2023/04/profile-of-justice-gertrude-torkornoo/ &quot;Profile of Justice Gertrude Torkornoo&quot;]. ''Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana''. 26 April 2023. Retrieved 27 April 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; Na dem swear am into office as de 15th Chief Justice of Ghana for 12 June 2023.&lt;ref&gt;Gertrude Ankah, Nyavi (12 June 2023). [https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-justice-gertrude-torkornoo-sworn-in-as-new-chief-justice-of-ghana.html &quot;Justice Gertrude Torkornoo sworn-in as new Chief Justice of Ghana&quot;]. ''Graphic Online''.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein early life den education ==
Gertrude Torkornoo dey hail from [[Winneba]] for de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central Region]] for Ghana. Dem born am for 11 September 1962 for Cape Coast insyd to Abraham Kofi Sackey den Comfort Aba Sackey, wey na dem both be teachers for de time. She be de second of five siblings.&lt;ref&gt;GNA (26 April 2023). [https://gna.org.gh/2023/04/cv-of-justice-gertrude-torkornoo/ &quot;CV of Justice Gertrude Torkornoo&quot;]. ''Ghana News Agency''. Retrieved 20 July 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

She attend Suhum Presby Primary School insyd 1966 wey she continue to Ajumako Catholic School insyd 1969, wer na she plete ein primary education. From 1969 to 1973, she continue for Ajumako Methodist School prior to make she enter [[Wesley Girls' Senior High School|Wesley Girls' High School]] insyd 1973 wer na she obtain ein ordinary level certificate insyd 1978. She continue for [[Achimota School]] from 1978 to 1980 for ein advanced level certificate. She gain B. A. insyd Law den Sociology for [[University of Ghana]] insyd 1984 wey she graduate from de Ghana School of Law insyd 1986. Insyd 2001, she obtain Postgraduate Diploma insyd International Law den Organization from de International Institute of Social Studies, wich be part of Erasmus University Rotterdam insyd de Netherlands. Insyd 2011, she graduate from Golden Gate University School of Law, insyd USA plus Master Of Laws (LLM) insyd Intellectual Property Law.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/new-supreme-court-justices-take-office.html &quot;New Supreme Court justices take office&quot;]. Graphic Online. Retrieved 10 January 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.africanwomeninlaw.com/african-women-in-law/Justice-Gertrude-Torkornoo &quot;Pioneer African Women in Law&quot;]. ''African Women in Law''. Retrieved 20 July 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein career ==
Before she join Fugar &amp; Co., law firm for [[Accra]] insyd as associate, Justice Torkornoo job as volunteer for de FIDA Legal Aid Service wey she do internship plus Nabarro Nathanson for London insyd. She return to de firm (Fugar &amp; Co.) for 1994 insyd wey she cam turn director. For January 1997 insyd, she co-found Sozo Law Consult wer she job as Managing Partner til 14 May 2004 wen dem appoint am Justice for de High Court for Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230521141644/https://www.ghanaweb.com/region/crestcitynews/Akufo-Addo-nominates-Justice-Gertrude-Torkornoo-as-new-CJ-87194 &quot;Akufo-Addo nominates Justice Gertrude Torkornoo as new CJ&quot;]. ''GhanaWeb''. 1 January 1970. Archived from [https://www.ghanaweb.com/region/crestcitynews/Akufo-Addo-nominates-Justice-Gertrude-Torkornoo-as-new-CJ-87194 the original] on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; She job as High Court judge til October 2012 wen dem elevate am go de Court of Appeal. Dem nominate Justice Torkornoo go de Supreme Court of Ghana for November 2019 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Dem swear am go office for 17 December 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== References ==

[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:Ghanaians]]
[[Category:People wey komot Central Region (Ghana)]]
[[Category:People educated at Wesley Girls' Senior High School]]
[[Category:Justices for de Supreme Court of Ghana]]
[[Category:Ghanaian women judges]]
[[Category:Ghana School of Law alumni]]
[[Category:University of Ghana alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of Achimota School]]
[[Category:20th-century Ghanaian women]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian women]]
[[Category:20th-century Ghanaian judges]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian judges]]
[[Category:20th-century women judges]]
[[Category:21st-century women judges]]
[[Category:Golden Gate University School of Law alumni]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGbRIEKP1ms President Akufo-Addo swears in Gertrude Araba Esaaba Torkornoo as Ghana's Chief Justice]
* [https://justtrudy.com/ JustTrudy Website]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>John Dumelo</title>
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'''John Matthew Kofi Setor Dumelo''' (born 3 February 1984) be Ghanaian by citizenship, he dey act, den a politician.&lt;ref&gt;[http://newsghana.com.gh/meet-the-sleek-gentleman-in-the-movie-industry/ &quot;Meet the Sleek Gentleman in the Movie Industry&quot;]. ''Newsghana''. 19 October 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; He be de Member of Parliament wey dey represent de Ayawaso West Wuogon Constituency as part of de 9th Parliament of Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/news/politics/john-dumelo-wins/2024/ &quot;John Dumelo wins Ayawaso West Wuogon parliamentary seat&quot;]. ''GBC Ghana Online''. 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; He currently dey serve as de Deputy Minister of Food den Agriculture of de Republic of Ghana, den swear am for office insyd on 13 March 2025 after ein appointment by President John Dramani Mahama.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/mahama-appoints-john-dumelo-as-deputy-minister-of-food-and-agriculture/ &quot;Mahama appoints John Dumelo as Deputy Minister of Food and Agriculture&quot;]. ''MyJoyOnline''. 13 March 2025. Retrieved 13 March 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/10/18/ghanaian-movie-star-john-dumelo-washes-cars-for-charity-in-accra-photos-of-munachi-abii-rekana-sharon-ojong-uche-odoh-more-at-the-event/ &quot;Ghanaian Movie Star John Dumelo washes Cars for Charity in Accra!&quot;]. ''Bellanaija''. 18 October 2013. Retrieved 24 April 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/10/07/ghanaian-actor-john-dumelo-donates-school-supplies-to-underprivileged-children-in-cameroon/ &quot;John Dumelo donates School supplies to underprivileged children in Cameroon&quot;]. ''Bellanaija''. 7 October 2013. Retrieved 24 April 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/John-Dumelo-2230 &quot;John Dumelo, Biography&quot;]. ''GhanaWeb''. Retrieved 9 September 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;   

== Early life den education ==
Dem raise Dumelo insyd Likpe Bala insyd de [[Oti Region|Oti]] Region.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/john-dumelo-donates-medical-items-to-hometown-community-clinic-to-mark-37th-birthday &quot;John Dumelo donates medical items to hometown community clinic to mark 37th birthday&quot;], ''MyJoyOnline'', 3 February 2021&lt;/ref&gt; Ein parents be John Dumelo, wey be civil engineer, den Antoinette Dumelo, wey be customs officer.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VVkxjtkeexM&amp;list=PLAzIAySt6PkM9OCVxnuwNn2_cguGiJR6H&amp;index=28 &quot;Face to Face with Ayawaso West Wuogon NDC Parliamentary candidate, John Dumelo&quot;]. ''Citi Tube''. 24 June 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231106193946/https://www.ghanaweb.com/education/frencheducationgh/Landlords-Will-Stop-Taking-Two-Years-Rent-Advance-If-One-or-Two-of-Them-Are-Arrested-John-Dumelo-5609 &quot;Landlords Will Stop Taking Two Years Rent Advance If One or Two of Them Are Arrested – John Dumelo&quot;]. ''GhanaWeb''. 1 January 1970. Archived from [https://www.ghanaweb.com/education/frencheducationgh/Landlords-Will-Stop-Taking-Two-Years-Rent-Advance-If-One-or-Two-of-Them-Are-Arrested-John-Dumelo-5609 the original] on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Dumelo had ein basic education at Christ the King School insyd Accra.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://citinewsroom.com/2020/06/nigerians-dont-produce-better-movies-than-ghanaians-john-dumelo/ &quot;Nigerians don't produce better movies than Ghanaians – John Dumelo&quot;]. ''Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana''. 24 June 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;milladosman (17 October 2015). [https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/celebrities/profile-john-dumelo/hlkvp5f &quot;John Dumelo&quot;]. ''Pulse Ghana''. Retrieved 9 September 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; He schooled at [[Achimota School]] den be part of de school's Drama Club.  

He went further to study civil engineering at [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] (KNUST)&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20201022172557/https://hcuc.edu.gh/2017/10/28/john-dumelo-visits-hcc/ &quot;John Dumelo visits HCC&quot;]. ''Heritage Christian College''. 28 October 2017. Archived from [https://hcuc.edu.gh/2017/10/28/john-dumelo-visits-hcc/ the original] on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; but could not complete de course.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/John-Dumelo-could-not-complete-KNUST-Chris-Vincent-540251 &quot;John Dumelo could not complete KNUST – Chris-Vincent&quot;]. ''GhanaWeb''. 19 May 2017. Retrieved 14 March 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; He contested insyd &quot;Mr. University&quot; den won at KNUST.&lt;ref&gt;KNB (1 March 2023). [https://knustnoticeboard.info/john-dumelo-biography-2/ &quot;Did you Know John Dumelo Won Mr. University In KNUST, Set to Contest for MP&quot;]. ''Knustnoticeboard''. Retrieved 2 September 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Later, he enrolled for GIMPA's School of Public Service and Governance insyd, wey he was interested in.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200201135232/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201609/292154.php &quot;John Dumelo Enrols At GIMPA&quot;]. ''peacefmonline''. Retrieved 1 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Career ==
He started dey act insyd de early 1990s insyd a 1992 movie dem bell am ''Baby Thief'' while he dey attend Christ the King School. Dem pay am 20 thousand old Ghana cedis at age 7.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20191010231217/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2014/October-24th/jon-dumelo-in-1991-film-baby-thief.php &quot;John Dumelo in 1991 film 'Baby thief - MyJoyOnline.com&quot;]. ''Myjoyonline''. Retrieved 1 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; 

== Ein business ventures ==
Aside being actor wey get international recognition, John Dumelo be entrepreneur.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/video-john-dumelo-plays-ae%CB%9Cspa-with-the-boysae/ &quot;Video: John Dumelo plays 'spa with the boys'&quot;]. ''Myjoyonline''. Retrieved 1 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; He launch ein clothing line (J.Melo) for 2012 insyd.&lt;ref&gt;Adu, Dennis (3 August 2018). [https://www.adomonline.com/photo-john-dumelo-goes-into-the-clothing-industry/ &quot;PHOTO: John Dumelo goes into the clothing industry&quot;]. ''Adomonline''. Retrieved 27 August 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ben (9 October 2014). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250122235525/https://www.fashionghana.com/site/ghanaian-actor-john-dumelo-launches-a-clothing-line-jmelo-clothing/ &quot;Ghanaian Actor John Dumelo Launches A Clothing Line – Jmelo Clothing: | FashionGHANA.com: 100% African Fashion&quot;]. Retrieved 27 August 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Online, Peace FM. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231026091108/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/fashion/201201/89546.php &quot;John Dumelo Launches J Melo In USA&quot;]. ''Peacefmonline - Ghana news''. Retrieved 9 September 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/John-Dumelo-announces-official-J-Melo-website-329626 &quot;John Dumelo announces official J.Melo website&quot;]. ''GhanaWeb''. 9 October 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Dem know de actor for ein involvement for both Crop den Animal farming.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/52903/john-dumelo-now-into-cucumber-farming.html &quot;John Dumelo Now Into Cucumber Farming&quot;]. ''Modern Ghana''. Retrieved 3 April 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190827101955/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201805/351200.php &quot;Farming Should Be Africa's Focus – John Dumelo&quot;]. ''peace fm online''. Retrieved 27 August 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Adu, Dennis (6 December 2019). [https://www.adomonline.com/farmers-day-dumelo-shows-off-snail-farm-reveals-truth-about-farming/ &quot;Farmers' Day: Dumelo shows off snail farm; reveals truth about farming&quot;]. ''Adomonline''. Retrieved 1 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Online, Peace FM. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190827101955/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201805/351200.php &quot;My Farm Will Feed Thousands Of Ghanaians — Says John Dumelo&quot;]. ''peace fm online''. Retrieved 27 August 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/video-i-want-my-farms-to-be-bigger-than-darko-farms-john-dumelo.html &quot;VIDEO: I want to be bigger than Darko Farms - John Dumelo&quot;]. ''Graphic Online''. 2 February 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/i-employ-about-400-people-every-year-to-work-on-my-farms-john-dumelo &quot;I employ about 400 people every year to work on my farms – John Dumelo&quot;]. ''Myjoyonline''. 21 July 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231026090720/https://www.ghanaweb.com/lifestyle/bigayehmedia/Multi-Talented-John-Dumelo-From-Award-Winning-Actor-to-Promoting-Agriculture-and-Political-Aspirations-92081 &quot;Multi-Talented John Dumelo: From Award-Winning Actor to Promoting Agriculture and Political Aspirations&quot;]. ''GhanaWeb''. 1 January 1970. Archived from [https://www.ghanaweb.com/lifestyle/bigayehmedia/Multi-Talented-John-Dumelo-From-Award-Winning-Actor-to-Promoting-Agriculture-and-Political-Aspirations-92081 the original] on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Engagement insyd politics ==
During de [[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)]] NDC Party's campaign Insyd 2016, Dumelo be one of de most influential celebrities to campaign give de NDC government. Rumors had spread dat, as an appreciation give ein engagement den patriotism to de party, dem bell am den get appointed by de former [[president of Ghana]], H.E. John Dramani Mahama, to serve ein party as a Director of Operations give a pro-NDC youth group give de NDC.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180713141109/https://www.adeecrowngist.com/john-dumelo-fans-cries-out-after-been-appointed-as-director-of-ndc-political-youth-group-leader-by-the-president-of-ghana/ &quot;John Dumelo Fans Cries Out&quot; after being appointed as Director of NDC political youth group leader by the president of Ghana&quot;]. ''Adeecrwongist.com''. 3 November 2016. Archived from [https://www.adeecrowngist.com/john-dumelo-fans-cries-out-after-been-appointed-as-director-of-ndc-political-youth-group-leader-by-the-president-of-ghana/ the original] on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.newsghana.com.gh/john-dumelo-appointed-agenda-for-mahamaoperations-director/ &quot;John Dumelo Appointed Agenda for Mahama'Operations Director&quot;]. ''Newsghana.com.gh''. 7 July 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160202160851/http://ghanapoliticsonline.com/joining-ndc-has-not-affected-my-career-john-dumelo/ &quot;Joining NDC has not affected my career – John Dumelo&quot;]. ''Ghanapoliticsonline.com''. 30 December 2015. Archived from [http://ghanapoliticsonline.com/joining-ndc-has-not-affected-my-career-john-dumelo/ the original] on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200201132654/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2016/july-5th/john-dumelo-appointed-operations-director-for-agenda-for-mahama.php &quot;John Dumelo appointed Operations Director for 'Agenda for Mahama'&quot;]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. 5 July 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

On 19 July 2019, Dumelo picked up a nomination form to contest insyd de NDC's primaries as a parliamentary candidate.&lt;ref&gt;Online, Peace FM. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190719195215/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201907/387346.php &quot;John Dumelo Starts His Campaign For Parliament&quot;]. ''www.peacefmonline.com''. Retrieved 20 July 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://citinewsroom.com/2018/12/dumelo-picks-form-to-contest-ayawaso-west-wuogon-ndc-parliamentary-primaries/ &quot;Dumelo picks form to contest Ayawaso West Wuogon NDC parliamentary primaries&quot;]. ''Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana''. 19 December 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; On 24 August 2019, he won de NDC parliamentary primaries to represent de NDC insyd Ayawaso West Wougon Constituency insyd de 2020 general elections.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20191118011308/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/August-24th/john-dumelo-wins-ndc-primaries-with-758-votes.php &quot;Videos/Photos: John Dumelo wins NDC Primaries with 758 votes&quot;]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. Retrieved 27 August 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Abedu-Kennedy, Dorcas (24 August 2019). [https://www.adomonline.com/dumelo-wins-ayawaso-west-wuogon-primary/ &quot;Dumelo wins Ayawaso West Wuogon primary&quot;]. ''Adomonline.com''. Retrieved 27 August 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Otoo, Lilipearl Baaba. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190827120449/https://thebftonline.com/2019/top-headlines/john-dumelo-wins-ndc-primaries-with-758-votes/ &quot;John Dumelo wins NDC Primaries with 758 votes | Business &amp; Financial Times Online&quot;]. Archived from [https://thebftonline.com/2019/top-headlines/john-dumelo-wins-ndc-primaries-with-758-votes/ the original] on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200201132653/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201908/389832.php &quot;John Dumelo Wins Ayawaso West Wuogon NDC Primaries&quot;]. ''peace fm online''. Retrieved 1 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://citinewsroom.com/2019/08/ndcdecides-dumelo-floors-contender-to-win-ayawaso-west-wuogon-primary/ &quot;#NDCDecides: Dumelo floors contender to win Ayawaso West Wuogon primary&quot;]. ''Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana''. 24 August 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Annang, Evans (14 August 2023). [https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/politics/john-dumelo-is-our-official-parliamentary-candidate-for-ayawaso-west-wuogon-ndc/tse4bsz &quot;John Dumelo is our official parliamentary candidate for Ayawaso West Wuogon – NDC&quot;]. ''Pulse Ghana''. Retrieved 9 September 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; He successfully launched ein campaign manifesto give de 2020 election on 18 October 2020, wey dey promise to commit half of ein salary to youth development insyd de constituency if elected.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20201203080500/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/politics/i-will-commit-half-of-my-salary-to-youth-development-dumelo/ &quot;I will commit half of my salary to youth development - Dumelo&quot;]. ''MyJoyOnline''. 19 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Online, Peace FM. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201021195730/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/202010/430285.php &quot;VIDEO: John Dumelo Takes His Wife On Campaign Trail&quot;]. ''Peacefmonline - Ghana news''. Retrieved 19 October 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; On 7 December 2020, Dumelo narrowly lost de parliamentary elections to de [[New Patriotic Party]] (NPP) candidate, Lydia Alhassan give de Ayawaso West Wuogon Constituency.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/John-Dumelo-tastes-defeat-NDC-contesting-results-declared-by-the-EC-1128935 &quot;John Dumelo tastes defeat, NDC contesting results declared by the EC&quot;]. GhanaWeb. 8 December 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/world-55226446 &quot;John Dumelo lost Ayawaso West Wuogon Constituency to Lydia]&quot;. ''BBC News Pidgin''. Retrieved 8 December 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ayawaso-west-wuogon-lydia-alhassan-defeats-john-dumelo.html &quot;Ayawaso West Wuogon: Lydia Alhassan defeats John Dumelo&quot;]. ''Graphic Online''. 8 December 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/composition/comp-news/hp-news-8/john-dumelo-for-ayawaso-west-wuogon-constituency-social-media-reacts/ &quot;John Dumelo for Ayawaso West Wuogon constituency? Social media reacts&quot;]. ''MyJoyOnline.com''. Retrieved 8 December 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://citinewsroom.com/2020/12/dumelo-loses-lydia-alhassan-retains-ayawaso-west-wuogon-seat/ &quot;Dumelo loses; Lydia Alhassan retains Ayawaso West Wuogon seat&quot;]. ''Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana''. 8 December 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

He contested as a parliamentary candidate of de Ayawaso West Wuogon on de ticket of de National Democratic Congress, den won de 2024 election convincingly.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/blogs/rocky55/John-Dumelo-announces-his-victory-in-the-2024-Ayawaso-West-Wuogon-Parliamentary-Elections-4376 &quot;John Dumelo announces his victory in the 2024 Ayawaso West Wuogon Parliamentary Elections&quot;]. ''GhanaWeb''. 8 December 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dem appoint am as de Deputy Minister-designate for Food and Agriculture insyd February 2025.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/mahama-appoints-john-dumelo-as-deputy-minister-of-food-and-agriculture/#google_vignette &quot;Mahama appoints John Dumelo as Deputy Minister of Food and Agriculture&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt; Dem later vet den approve am by Parliament before dem swear am for office insyd on 13 March 2025.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;     

== Ein life matter ==
John Dumelo marry Gifty Mawunya Nkornu wey be lawyer.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230818170709/https://myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2018/May-12th/videophotos-jm-yvonne-nelson-nadia-buari-ramsey-nouah-others-at-john-dumelos-marriage-ceremony.php &quot;Videos/Photos: Mahama, Yvonne Nelson, Ramsey Nouah, others at John Dumelo's marriage ceremony&quot;]. ''Myjoyonline.com''. Retrieved 4 October 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Amartey, Geraldo (4 January 2023). [https://yen.com.gh/entertainment/225586-john-dumelos-wife-gifty-mawunya-nkornu-celebrates-birthday-style-gifted-money-cake/ &quot;Sika y3 d3: John Dumelo's wife pulls out numerous dollar notes out of bday cake&quot;]. ''Yen.com.gh - Ghana news''. Retrieved 9 September 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; He hold Big wedding for Royal Senchi Resort for Akosombo insyd.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/photosvideo-glitz-and-glamour-at-john-dumeloaes-white-wedding/ &quot;Photos/Video: Glitz and glamour at John Dumelo's white wedding&quot;]. ''Myjoyonline''. Retrieved 1 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/My-wife-has-made-me-the-happiest-person-Dumelo-speaks-after-one-year-of-marriage-948490 &quot;My wife has made me the happiest person – Dumelo speaks after one year of marriage&quot;]. ''GhanaWeb''. 11 May 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; De couple born dema first kiddie for 16th October, 2018. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/john-dumelo-wife-welcome-first-child/ &quot;John Dumelo, wife welcome first child&quot;]. ''Myjoyonline''. Retrieved 1 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/57261/john-dumelo-shows-off-his-son-for-the-first-time.html &quot;John Dumelo finally shows face of his son and Ghanaians are talking&quot;]. ''MSN''. Retrieved 1 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Aryee, Naa Ayeley (17 October 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20231106193946/https://yen.com.gh/117430-john-dumelo-wife-gifty-child.html &quot;John Dumelo welcomes baby; shares cute photo of his son&quot;]. ''Yen - Ghana news''. Archived from [https://yen.com.gh/117430-john-dumelo-wife-gifty-child.html the original] on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; Dem name am John Dumelo Jnr. after ein puppie.&lt;ref&gt;[https://citinewsroom.com/2018/10/dumelo-and-wife-happily-welcome-their-first-child/ &quot;Dumelo and wife happily welcome their first child&quot;]. ''Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana''. 16 October 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; Dema second kiddie, be girl, wey dem call  am Mali Dumelo, dem born am for 10th June, 2022. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.adomonline.com/adorable-birthday-photos-of-dumelos-daughter-captivates-social-media/ &quot;Adorable birthday photos of Dumelo's daughter captivates social media - Adomonline.com&quot;]. 11 June 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Online, Peace FM. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231026085856/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/202206/468467.php &quot;Baby No. 2: John Dumelo Unveils His Daughter - VIDEO&quot;]. ''Peacefmonline. - Ghana news''. Retrieved 9 September 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

On 1 April 2014, he emerged as de first Ghanaian to hit a million likes for Facebook top.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140424124824/http://www.360nobs.com/2014/04/john-dumelo-the-first-ghanaian-celebrity-to-hit-a-million-likes-on-facebook/ &quot;John Dumelo becomes first Ghanaian celebrity to hit 1 million likes&quot;]. ''360nobs''. 2 April 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140424130052/http://akpraise.com/2014/04/02/john-dumelo-becomes-first-ghanaian-actor-to-hit-1million-likes-on-facebook/ &quot;John Dumelo first Ghanaian actor to hit 1million likes on facebook&quot;]. ''Akpraise''. Archived from [http://akpraise.com/2014/04/02/john-dumelo-becomes-first-ghanaian-actor-to-hit-1million-likes-on-facebook/ the original] on 24 April 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.facebook.com/pages/John-Dumelo/103975906645 &quot;John Dumelo Facebook account&quot;]. ''Facebook''. Retrieved 24 April 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/john-dumelo-is-first-ghanaian-to-hit-one-million-facebook-likes/ &quot;John Dumelo is first Ghanaian to hit one million Facebook likes - MyJoyOnline.com&quot;]. ''Myjoyonline''. 2 April 2014. Retrieved 23 September 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;ameyawdebrah.com (1 April 2014). [https://newsghana.com.gh/john-dumelo-makes-history-as-he-hits-1m-facebook-likes/ &quot;John Dumelo makes history as he hits 1m Facebook likes | News Ghana&quot;]. ''newsghana''. Retrieved 9 September 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Insyd October 2023, Dumelo pledged dat he go trek &quot;backward barefoot from the UG main gate to [[Presbyterian Boys' Senior High School|Presec]] main gate&quot; if Presec-Legon won de [[Ghana National Science and Maths Quiz]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/john-dumelo-walks-backward-barefooted-from-ug-to-presec-after-nsmq-prediction-backfired/ &quot;John Dumelo walks backward barefooted from UG to PRESEC after NSMQ prediction backfired - MyJoyOnline&quot;]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. 31 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; He completed de walk after Presec-Legon won.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/John-Dumelo-fulfils-promise-walks-backward-barefoot-to-PRESEC-1872500 &quot;John Dumelo fulfils promise, walks backward barefoot to PRESEC&quot;]. ''GhanaWeb''. 31 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gyesi, Zadok Kwame (31 October 2023). [https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/john-dumelo-walks-bare-footed-and-backwards-to-presec-after-losing-bet.html &quot;John Dumelo walks bare footed backwards to PRESEC after losing bet&quot;]. ''Graphic Online''. Retrieved 1 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ein filmography ==
He act for chaw films insyd, wey dey include:&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220923151222/https://irokotv.com/actor/260/john-dumelo &quot;John Dumelo films on iROKOtv&quot;]. ''Irokotv.com''. Retrieved 24 April 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

* ''[[4 Play (film)|4Play]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* [[40 Looks Good on You]]
* ''A Northern Affair'' (2014)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* ''Adams Apples film series'' (2011–2012)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* ''A Private Storm'' (2010)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Imasuen, Lancelot Oduwa; Onyeka, Ikechukwu (11 February 2011), ''[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1926215/?ref_=nm_flmg_act_40 A Private Storm]'' (Drama, Romance, Thriller), John Dumelo, Augustine Ekeinde, Ngozi Ezeonu, Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde, retrieved 3 February 2021&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''A Night with Her''
* ''After the Wedding''
* ''Amakye and Dede''
* ''Black Men Rock'' (2018)
* ''Blackmoney'' (2012)&lt;ref&gt;''[[imdbtitle:2460740|Blackmoney ®]]'', retrieved 2 December 2018&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Beautiful Ruins''  (2016)
* ''Baby Thief'' (1991)
* ''Blind Lust''
* ''Blood Vessel'' (2023)
* ''Chelsea''
* ''Crime Suspect''
* ''Double Cross''   (2014)
* ''End of Mirror of Life'' (2011)&lt;ref&gt;''[[imdbtitle:2918560|End of Mirror of Life]]'', retrieved 2 December 2018&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''End of Brides War''
* ''End of the Maidens''
* ''Final Innocent Sin''
* ''Ghetto Queen'' &lt;ref&gt;''[[imdbtitle:1085415|Ghetto Queen]]'', retrieved 2 December 2018&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Gold Not Silver''
* ''Hearts of men'' (2009)
* ''Hero''
* ''Hijack '93'' (2024)
* ''Holy Secret''
* ''Humble Hero''
* ''Hunted House''
* ''If God Be for Us'' (2016)
* ''Letters to my Mother''&lt;ref&gt;[[Pascal Amanfo|Amanfo, Pascal]] (29 October 2013), ''[https://www.amazon.com/Letters-My-Mother-John-Dumelo/dp/B00GHSTC8A Letters To My Mother]'', Executive Image Movies and Iroko Tv, retrieved 2 December 2018&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Love Alone''
* ''Love or Something Like That'' (2014)
* ''Marriage Planner''
* ''Mirror of Life''
* ''Men in Love'' (2010)
* ''My Fantasy''
* ''Never Again''
* ''One Night in Vegas''&lt;ref&gt;''[[imdbtitle:3330194|One Night in Vegas]]'', retrieved 2 December 2018&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''One in a Million''
* ''Of Sentimental Value''&lt;ref&gt;''[[imdbtitle:3454576|Of Sentimental Value]]'', retrieved 2 December 2018&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Queens Pride''
* ''Single Six''
* ''Single, Married and Complicated''
* ''Secret Shadows''&lt;ref&gt;''[[imdbtitle:2715816|Secret Shadows]]'', retrieved 2 December 2018&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Suncity''
* ''Tales Of Nazir – The Movie''&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/tales-of-nazir-the-movie-animated-film-staring-john-dumelo-stonebwoy-et-al-to/4t1ebz9 &quot;Tales Of Nazir – The Movie&quot; Animated film starring John Dumelo, Stonebwoy et al to premiere Jan. 2&quot;]. ''Pulse.com.gh''. David Mawuli. 8 December 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''The Agency'' (2022)
* ''The Game'' (2010)
* ''The King is Mine''
* ''The Maidens''
* ''The Perfect Picture''&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/i-would-still-act-even-after-im-elected-mp-john-dumelo/ &quot;I would still act even after I'm elected MP - John Dumelo - MyJoyOnline.com&quot;]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. November 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; (2009) as Fiifi Taylor
* ''[[The Perfect Picture: Ten Years Later|The Perfect Picture - Ten Years Later]]''&lt;ref&gt;Frimpong-Manso, Shirley (4 July 2020), ''[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt12058774/?ref_=nm_flmg_act_2 The Perfect Picture - Ten Years Later]'' (Comedy, Romance), Jackie Appiah, Naa Ashorkor Mensa-Doku, Lydia Forson, Adjetey Anang, Sparrow Pictures, retrieved 3 February 2021&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Sparrow-Production-shoots-Perfect-Picture-movie-again-10-years-later-787621 &quot;Sparrow Production shoots 'Perfect Picture' movie again 10 years later&quot;]. ''www.ghanaweb.com''. 9 October 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; as Fiifi Taylor
* ''The Prince Bride''
* ''The Snake Boy''
* ''The Supremo''
* ''Ties that Bind''&lt;ref&gt;''[[imdbtitle:1965239|Ties That Bind]]'', retrieved 2 December 2018&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''To Love a Prince''

== Ein accolades ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Film
!Result
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2010
|Best of Nollywood Awards
|Best Actor for Leading Role insyd
|''The Maidens''
|Dem nominate am
|-
|[[Africa Movie Academy Awards]]
|Most Promising Actor
|''Heart of Men''
|Dem nominate am
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2011
|Afro Australian Movies and Music Awards
|African Most outstanding Actor
|
|He chop
|-
|[[Africa Movie Academy Awards]]
|Best Actor for supporting role insyd
|''A Private Storm''
|Dem nominate am
|-
|2012
|Ghana Movie Awards&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20181005030748/http://www.ghanacelebrities.com/tag/ghana-movie-awards-2012-nominations/ &quot;2012 Ghana Movie Awards&quot;]. ''Ghanacelebrities.com''. Retrieved 24 April 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;
|Best actor for Lead role insyd
|''Queen Latifa''
|Dem nominate am
|-
|2013
|Ghana Movie Awards&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230626160429/https://m.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201404/197238.php &quot;2013 Ghana Movie Awards&quot;]. ''M.peacefmonline.com''. Retrieved 24 April 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;
|Best Actor for lead role insyd
|''A Northern Affair''
|He chop
|-
|2017
|2017 Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ougadougou (FESPACO)&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180410201922/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2017/02/28/john-dumelo-won-award-burkina-faso-brought-house-french-speaking-skills-watch-video/ &quot;BlogJohn Dumelo Won An Award In Burkina Faso – And Brought The House Down With His French Speaking Skills (WATCH VIDEO)&quot;]. ''Ghanacelerities.com''. 28 February 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;
|Best Actor West Africa
|''A Northern Affair''
|He chop
|}
== Ein honors ==
For January 2023 insyd, de [[University of Ghana]] honor am secof ein philanthropic gestures to dema students.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/University-of-Ghana-honours-John-Dumelo-1703381 &quot;University of Ghana honours John Dumelo&quot;]. ''GhanaWeb''. 28 January 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ola-Morris, Jessie (28 January 2023). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230626161516/https://theindependentghana.com/university-of-ghana-honours-john-dumelo/ &quot;University of Ghana honours John Dumelo&quot;]. ''The Independent Ghana''. Retrieved 28 January 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Amoah, Geraldine (27 January 2023). [https://yen.com.gh/entertainment/movies/226959-john-dumelo-university-ghana-honours-actor-helping-school-financially-netizens-hail-him/ &quot;MP material papa paa: Kindhearted Dumelo gets 2 special awards from UG&quot;]. ''Yen - Ghana news''. Retrieved 9 September 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Quaye, Grace Tsotsoo (28 January 2023). [https://www.theghanareport.com/university-of-ghana-honours-john-dumelo-photo/ &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;University of Ghana honours John Dumelo [Photo]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]. ''The Ghana Report''. Retrieved 9 September 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein philanthropy ==
Dumelo paid de fees give visually impaired law student Gabriel Selasie Doe at de Ghana School of Law, Makola.&lt;ref&gt;Mends, Reagan (25 November 2024). [https://ghanaweekend.com/2024/11/25/john-dumelo-pays-over-ghc10k-fees-for-visually-impaired-law-student/ &quot;John Dumelo pays over GHC10k fees for visually impaired law student&quot;]. ''Ghana Weekend''. Retrieved 26 November 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Online, Okay 101 7 FM, Okay FM. [https://web.archive.org/web/20241203214506/https://okayfm.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/202411/512969.php &quot;John Dumelo Pays ¢10,400 In Outstanding Fees For Visually Impaired Law Student Facing Deferral&quot;]. ''okayfm.peacefmonline.com''. Retrieved 26 November 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://citinewsroom.com/2024/11/dumelo-pays-over-ghc10k-fees-for-visually-impaired-law-student/ &quot;Dumelo pays over GHC10k fees for visually impaired law student&quot;]. 25 November 2024. Retrieved 26 November 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://ghheadlines.com/agency/3news/20241125/167138069/john-dumelo-saves-visually-impaired-law-student-from-deferral-by-paying-over-ghc10k-school-fees &quot;John Dumelo saves visually impaired law student from deferral by paying over GHC10k school fees | GhHeadlines Total News Total Information&quot;]. ''ghheadlines.com''. 13 November 2024. Retrieved 26 November 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

He established de Dumelo foundation insyd 2010.&lt;ref&gt;Donkoh, Ebenezer (24 September 2015). [https://www.nydjlive.com/john-dumelos-foundation-offering-scholarships-to-ghanaian-students/ &quot;John Dumelo's Foundation Offering Scholarships to Ghanaian Students&quot;]. ''NY DJ Live''. Retrieved 2 September 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; De foundation dey focus on supporting underprivileged communities particularly insyd de areas of education den health. Its foundation has undertaken numerous charity projects insyd Ghana den oda African countries.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20241220090558/https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/John-Dumelo-Foundation-shares-over-2000-exercise-books-and-school-bags-to-kids-in-Accra-833356 &quot;John Dumelo Foundation shares over 2000 exercise books and school bags to kids in Accra&quot;]. ''GhanaWeb''. 9 January 2020. Archived from [https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/John-Dumelo-Foundation-shares-over-2000-exercise-books-and-school-bags-to-kids-in-Accra-833356 the original] on 20 December 2024. Retrieved 2 September 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; De foundation, in collaboration plus de Mastercard Foundation, has launched de Bridge insyd Agriculture Program. Dis program dey aim to provide affordable capital den technical support to small den medium enterprises (SMEs) insyd agriculture wey dey target women den youth entrepreneurs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://thevaultznews.com/2025/05/30/john-dumelo-unveils-87m-agriculture-programme-for-ghanas-youth-and-women/ &quot;John Dumelo Unveils $87M Agriculture Programme for Ghana's Youth and Women&quot;]. 30 May 2025. Retrieved 2 September 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;    

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Category:Ghana celeb]]
[[Category:Ghanaian actors]]
[[Category:Ghanaian politicians]]
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:Film actors]]
[[Category:Ghanaian male film actors]]
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Ghanaian male actors]]
[[Category:National Democratic Congress (Ghana) politicians]]
[[Category:Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration alumni]]
[[Category:People wey komot Greater Accra Region]]</text>
      <sha1>ek4n5q8vtpnicr5w40stk1o0qokc24b</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>KODA (singer)</title>
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'''Kofi Owusu Dua Anto''' (15 December 1978 – 21 April 2024), dem know am as '''KODA''', be Ghanaian Gospel singer, songwriter, record producer den multi-instrumentalist wey komot from Takoradi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.modernghana.com/music/25759/3/koda-set-to-release-another-hot-single-tomorrow-1s.html &quot;Koda Set To Release Another Hot Single Tomorrow 1st May&quot;]. Modern Ghana. 30 April 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/BREAKING-Gospel-musician-KODA-is-dead-Reports-1927033 &quot;BREAKING: Gospel musician KODA is dead - Reports&quot;]. ''GhanaWeb''. 21 April 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein early life den education ==
KODA fall for love insyd plus musical instruments for tender age. So, ein mummy enroll am for music class de time he dey 10 wey he develop ein skills to play de guitar. He go Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) wey he go turn de mass choir director for varsity.

Na KODA san be de music director den instrumentalist for &quot;Music Wing of Baptist Students Union&quot;, &quot;KNUST's Simply Jazz Crew&quot;, &quot;God's Instruments&quot; den leading member for &quot;Da Project&quot; wey be legendary Ghanaian contemporary gospel group then.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.modernghana.com/music/6261/3/gye-w-ayeyi-gods-instruments-sing.html &quot;'Gye W' Ayeyi'-God's Instruments sing&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein life matter den death ==
KODA marry Ewurama Dua Anto, wey sanso dey sing. Now nu dem get 3 kiddies (2 sons den daughter).&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150630234336/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/April-20th/all-my-friends-have-relocated-to-accra-because-of-music-koda.php &quot;All my friends have relocated to Accra because of music - KODA&quot;]. Archived from [http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/april-20th/all-my-friends-have-relocated-to-accra-because-of-music-koda.php/ the original] on 30 June 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; KODA die for 21 April 2024, aged 45, after brief illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/gospel-musician-koda-reported-dead/ &quot;Gospel musician KODA reported dead - MyJoyOnline&quot;]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. 21 April 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein discography ==

=== Albums ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Title
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Album details
|-
!''Nyame Beye (God'll do it)''
|
* Release year: 2006
|-
!''Waye Wie (He's done it)''
|
* Release year: 2008
|-
!''My Passion - Christian Jazz''
|
* Release year: 2008
|-
!''Joy - Christian Jazz''
|
* Release year: 2008
|-
!''Black &amp; White''
|
* Release year: 2013
|-
!''Oxygen''
|
* Release year: 2016
|-
!''Hosanna''
|
* Release year: 2018
|-
!''Keteke''
|
* Release year: 2021
|}

=== Major Singles ===

* ''Nkwaa Abodoo'' wey dey feature ''Nacy''&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20151208172400/http://www.ghanandwom.com/koda-nkwa-abodoo-bread-of-life-feat-nacy-live-performance/ &quot;KODA – Nkwa Abodoo (Bread Of Life) (Feat Nacy) (Live Performance)&quot;]. ghanandwom.com. 17 March 2015. Retrieved 7 September 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170108061403/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/january-14th/myjoyonlines-gospel-music-review-nkwa-abodoo-bread-of-life-koda-ft-nacy.php &quot;Myjoyonline's Gospel Music Review: Nkwa Abodoo ( Bread of Life ) KODA ft Nacy&quot;]. Myjoyonline.com. 14 January 2015. Retrieved 7 September 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Nsem Pii''&lt;ref&gt;[https://gospelgh.com/website/events/upcoming-events/item/631-churches-frown-on-koda-s-nsem-pii-song/631-churches-frown-on-koda-s-nsem-pii-song &quot;Churches Frown On KODA'S &quot;Nsem Pii&quot; Song&quot;]. gospelgh.com. Retrieved 7 September 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Adooso&lt;ref&gt;Ofori, Cwesi (18 January 2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20220928175249/https://gospelgh.com/koda-adooso/ &quot;KODA - Adooso&quot;]. ''Gospelgh.com''. Retrieved 7 January 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Afanyi-Dadzie, Ebenezer (19 January 2016). [https://citifmonline.com/2016/01/kodas-adooso-track-tackles-monetization-of-the-church-video/ &quot;KODA's 'Adooso' track tackles monetization of the church &amp;#x5B;Video&amp;#x5D;&quot;]. ''Ghana News''. Retrieved 7 January 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein awards den nominations ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Year
!Event
!Prize
!Recipient / Nominated work
!Result
!Ref
|-
|2015
|Ghana Music Awards
|Record of the Year
|Nkwaa Abodoo
|Chop
|&lt;ref&gt;Adinkra, Fiifi (7 April 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150923212424/http://www.dailyguideghana.com/list-of-nominees-for-2015-ghana-music-awards/ &quot;VGMA Industry Awards 2015 Winners&quot;]. ''ghanandwom''. Fiifi Adinkra. Retrieved 15 September 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150923212424/http://www.dailyguideghana.com/list-of-nominees-for-2015-ghana-music-awards/ &quot;List of nominees for 2015 Ghana Music Awards&quot;]. ''dailyguideghana''. dailyguideghana. 28 February 2015. Archived from [http://www.dailyguideghana.com/list-of-nominees-for-2015-ghana-music-awards/ the original] on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2014
|Africa Gospel Music Awards
|Producer of the Year
|Himself
|Chop
|
|-
|2013
|Christian Community Music Awards
|Song with a Cause
|Nsem Pii
|Dem nominate am
|&lt;ref&gt;[https://233livenews.wordpress.com/2013/04/24/2013-christian-community-music-awards-ccma-the-most-wanted/comment-page-1/ &quot;2013 Christian Community Music Awards (CCMA) – The Most Wanted&quot;]. ''233livenews''. 24 April 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2012
|Africa Gospel Music Awards
|Producer of the Year
|Himself
|Dem nominate am
|&lt;ref&gt;[https://newsghana.com.gh/nacy-ohemaa-mercy-gifty-osei-skuulfoo-nii-okai-others-nominated-for-africa-gospel-music-awards-2012full-list-of-nomination/ &quot;Nacy, Ohemaa Mercy, Gifty Osei, Skuulfoo, Nii Okai, Others Nominated For Africa Gospel Music Awards 2012+Full List Of Nomination&quot;]. ''newsghana''. 7 June 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== References ==
[[Category:Ghanaian musicians]]
[[Category:Human]]
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian male singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian singers]]
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:People wey komot Western Region (Ghana)]]
[[Category:Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Ghanaian Christians]]
[[Category:Ghanaian composers]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>KiDi</title>
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'''Dennis Nana Dwamena''' (dem born am for August 18, 1993) be [[Ghanaian]] musician wey chaw people dey bell am '''KiDi''' for de music industry insyd. KiDi be highlife artist den song writer wey get contract plus Lynx Entertainment.&lt;ref&gt;[https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/person/KiDi-2221 &quot;KiDi&quot;]. ''Ghana Web''. 17 October 2024. Retrieved 17 October 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; He get chaw hits songs wey dey include &quot;Say Cheese&quot;, &quot;Enjoyment&quot; &quot; sugar&quot;, den &quot;One Man&quot; wey he do colabo plus Adina. Bunch people know KiDi secof ein big song wey dem title am &quot;Touch it&quot; wey he do colabo plus one American super star wey dem dey bell Tyga. KiDi get plenty award wey dey show say he be one of Ghana ein top top artist.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;[https://kuulpeeps.com/2016/03/lynx-entertainment-signs-kidi/ &quot;Lynx Entertainment signs KiDi&quot;]. Kuulpeeps.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ein early life den education ==
Gerald den Beatrice Thompson born KiDi as Dennis Nana Dwamena for 18 August 1993 for [[Accra]], Ghana. He get two kiddie bros Philip den Elliot. KiDi fini ein primary education for St. Anthony's School for Accra wey he proceed go [[Accra Academy]] for ein high school education. He den go [[University of Ghana|University of Ghana Legon]], wer he graduate for 2016 insyd plus degree for Economics den Information Studies insyd.&lt;ref&gt;ProfileAbility (2017-09-09). [https://profileability.com/kidi/ &quot;KiDi Biography, Videos, Booking&quot;]. ''ProfileAbility''. Retrieved 2024-10-17.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Music career ==
'''Early beginnings den breakthrough'''

As he dey study Economics den Information Studies for University of Ghana, na he dey love music wey e make am perform for plenty &quot;Moonlight Café&quot; platforms. If we de explain &quot;Moonlight Café&quot; ahh, we go say ebe platform wey dey support underground artistes wey e dey give dem opportunity so say dem go display dema talents. As na he dey campus nu he do covers for songs wey dem hit for de country insyd. For 2015 insyd, KiDi sign up plus MTN Hitmaker.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Kidi-wins-2015-MTN-Hitmaker-reality-show-385072 &quot;KiDi wins 2015 MTN Hitmaker Reality Show&quot;]. Ghana Web. October 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; He go wey he chop de competition wey later Lynx Entertainment sign am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; KiDi shoot go prominence for 2017 insyd wen he release &quot;Say You Love Me&quot; song wey no be say he compose am but he sanso arrange den produce am. KiDi establish ein body as one of de fastest rising stars for Ghana insyd wen he sanso release another chart-topper title &quot;Odo&quot; for July 2017 insyd, de remix plus Nigerian artist Davido den Mayorkun for December 2017 insyd, den Adiepena for April 2018 insyd.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Kidi-takes-Africa-by-storm-with-Odo-remix-feat-Davido-Mayorkun-589683 &quot;KiDi takes Africa by storm with Odo remix feat Davido, Mayorkun&quot;]. GhanaWeb. 11 October 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein life matter ==
KiDi get kiddie dem dey bell Zane.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20221121060701/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/KiDi-promises-son-golden-hair-for-next-birthday-1412431 &quot;KiDi promises son golden hair for next birthday&quot;]. ''GhanaWeb''. 2021-11-29. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221121060701/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/KiDi-promises-son-golden-hair-for-next-birthday-1412431 Archived] from the original on 2022-11-21. Retrieved 2022-11-21.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein awards den nominations ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Year !! Organization !! Award !! Work !! Result!!
|-
| 2017 || 4syte Music Video Awards || Best Discovery Video || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''Ɔdɔ'' || Dem nominate
|&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nydjlive.com/sarkodie-tops-list-nominations-years-4syte-tv-music-video-awards/ &quot;Sarkodie tops the list of nominations for this year's 4syte Music Video Awards&quot;]. nydjlive.com. 3 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;16&quot;| 2018 || rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | Ghana Music Awards || Highlife Song of the Year || He win
|&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2018/April-15th/full-list-of-winners-at-2018-vodafone-ghana-music-awards.php &quot;Full List of Winners at 2018 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards&quot;]. MyJoyOnline.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Afropop Song of the Year || Say You Love Me || Dem nominate am
|rowspan=5|&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/2018-Vodafone-Ghana-Music-Awards-Full-list-of-nominees-631326 &quot;2018 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards Full List of Nominees&quot;]. Ghana Web. 4 March 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Highlife Artiste of the Year || Einself || Dem nominate am
|-
| Best Male Vocalist || Ɔdɔ || Dem nominate am
|-
| Best New Artiste || Einself || Dem nominate am
|-
| Song of the Year || ''Ɔdɔ'' || Dem nominate am
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | Ghana Music Awards (UK) || Artist of the Year || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Einself || Dem nominate am
|rowspan=5|&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghana-Music-Awards-UK-2018-Full-list-of-nominees-669942 &quot;2018 Ghana Music Awards UK Full List of Nominees&quot;]. Ghana Web. 18 July 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Highlife Artist of the Year || Dem nominate am
|-
| Best Male Vocalist || ''Ɔdɔ'' || Dem nominate am
|-
| Highlife Song of the Year || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | Einself || Dem nominate am
|-
| Best New Artist of the Year || Dem nominate am
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 3Music Awards || Male Act of the Year || Dem nominate am
|rowspan=4|&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230806085402/https://3news.com/2018-3music-awards-nominees-unveiled/ &quot;2018 2018 3Music Awards nominees unveiled&quot;]. 3news. 26 January 2018. Archived from [https://www.3news.com/2018-3music-awards-nominees-unveiled/ the original] on 6 August 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Breakout Act of the Year || Dem nominate am
|-
| Song of the Year || ''Ɔdɔ'' || Dem nominate am
|-
| Most eventful Snapchat channel || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | Einself || He win
|-
| AFRIMA || Best Artiste Duo or Group in Africa Contemporary || He win
|&lt;ref name=&quot;2018 afrima&quot;&gt;[https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/afrima-2018-full-list-of-winners/k7npvvb &quot;AFRIMA 2018 full list of winners&quot;]. ''pulse.com.gh''. 25 November 2018. Retrieved 2021-04-06.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-  
| rowspan=&quot;11&quot;| 2019 || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | Ghana Music Awards || Highlife Artist of the Year || Dem nominate am
|&lt;ref name=&quot;auto6&quot;&gt;[https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/Entertainment/183819/Full-list-of-nominations-for-VGMA-2019/ &quot;Full list of nominations for VGMA 2019&quot;]. Ghana Business.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Best Male Vocalist || He win
|&lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230717164706/https://www.ghupload.com/live-2021-vodafone-ghana-music-awards-full-list-of-winners/ &quot;2019 VGMAs: Full list of winners&quot;]. Ghana Web.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Song of the Year || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Thunder || Dem nominate am
|rowspan=2|&lt;ref name=&quot;auto6&quot;/&gt;
|-
| Highlife Song of the Year || Dem nominate am
|-
| 3Music Awards || Best Male Vocal Performance || ''Fakyɛ Me'' (meaning-Forgive Me)|| He win
|rowspan=3|&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/music/3music-awards-2020-see-the-full-list-of-winners// &quot;3Music Awards 2020: See the list of winners&quot;]. MyJoyOnline.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 3Music Awards (UK) || Highlife Act of the Year || Einself || Dem nominate am
|-
| Album || Sugar || Dem nominate am
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 4syte TV Music Video Awards || Best Edited Video || Cinderella || Dem nominate am
|rowspan=4|&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanamusic.com/news/top-stories/2019/10/19/full-list-of-2019-mtn-4syte-tv-music-video-awards-nominees/ &quot;2019 4SYTE VMAs: Full list of winners&quot;]. Ghana music. 19 October 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Best Male || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''Adiepɛna'' || Dem nominate am
|-
| Best Highlife || Dem nominate am
|-
| Best Collaboration || Mr. Badman || Dem nominate am
|-
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot;| 2020 || rowspan=&quot;9&quot; | Ghana Music Awards || Highlife Artist of the Year || Einself || Dem nominate am
|rowspan=9|&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230718185442/https://myjoyonline.com/news/national/kuami-eugene-wins-vgma-artiste-of-the-year-2020/ &quot;Kuami Eugene wins VGMA Artiste of the Year 2020&quot;]. ''MyJoyOnline.com''. August 30, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Afrobeats Song of the Year
|Mr Badman
|Dem nominate am
|-
|Male Vocalist of the Year
|Einself
|Dem nominate am
|-
|Best Collaboration of the Year
|''Ɔhemaa'' (plus Kuami Eugene)
|Dem nominate am
|-
|Best Collaboration of the Year
|Mr Badman (ft [[Kwesi Arthur]])
|Dem nominate am
|-
|Album of the Year
|Sugar
|He win
|-
|International Collaboration of the Year
|Cinderella (ft Mayorkun &amp; Peruzzi) 
|Dem nominate am
|-
|International Collaboration of the Year
|Sugar Daddy (ft Mr Eazi)
|Dem nominate am
|-
|Most Popular Song of the Year
|Mr Badman
|Dem nominate am 
|-
|-
| rowspan=&quot;13&quot; |2021
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |3Music Awards
|Artist of the Year 
|Einself
|He win
|rowspan=4|&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/kidi-wins-artiste-of-the-year-at-the-2021-3music-awards/ &quot;KiDi wins Artiste of the Year at the 2021 3Music Awards - MyJoyOnline.com&quot;]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. 28 March 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-29.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|EP of the Year
|BLUE
|He win
|-
|Song of the Year
|Enjoyment
|He win   
|- 
|Afro Beat Song of the Year
|Enjoyment
|He win                                                    
|- 
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |Vodafone Ghana Music Awards ||Artiste of the Year ||Einself ||Dem nominate am
|&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/vodafone-ghana-music-awards-2021-all-nominees &quot;Vodafone Ghana Music Awards 2021: All The Nominees&quot;]. ''MyJoyOnline.com''. 6 April 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Afrobeat/Afropop Song of the Year
|&quot;Say Cheese&quot;
|He win
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-57620807 &quot;2021 VGMA Awards Winners&quot;]. ''BBC News Pidgin''.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Most Popular Song of the Year
|&quot;Say Cheese&quot;
|Dem nominate am
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/vodafone-ghana-music-awards-2021-all-nominees &quot;Vodafone Ghana Music Awards 2021: All The Nominees&quot;]. ''MyJoyOnline.com''. 6 April 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Most Popular Song of the Year
|&quot;Enjoyment&quot;
|Dem nominate am
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|Afrobeat/Afropop Artist of the Year
|Einself
|He win
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|EP of the Year
|&quot;Blue&quot;
|He win
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|Collaboration of the Year
|&quot;One Man&quot; (ft Adina)
|Dem nominate am
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/vodafone-ghana-music-awards-2021-all-nominees &quot;Vodafone Ghana Music Awards 2021: All The Nominees&quot;]. ''MyJoyOnline.com''. 6 April 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best Male Vocal Performance
|Einself
|Dem nominate am
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
|Best Highlife Song
|&quot;Enjoyment&quot;
|He win
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;10&quot;| 2022 || rowspan=&quot;1&quot; | The Headies Awards
|Best West African Artiste of the Year
|KiDi
|Dem nominate am
|&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220525115139/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Headies-Awards-Amaarae-Gyakie-KiDi-and-Nektunez-nominated-1545563 &quot;Headies Awards: Amaarae, Gyakie, KiDi and Nektunez nominated&quot;]. 25 May 2022. Archived from [https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Headies-Awards-Amaarae-Gyakie-KiDi-and-Nektunez-nominated-1545563 the original] on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |Vodafone Ghana Music Awards ||Artiste of the Year ||Einself ||He win
|&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230717170530/https://ghstandard.com/vgma-2022-winners-full-list-of-vgma-23/29651/#Best-Gospel-Artiste &quot;VGMA 2022 Winners: See full list of VGMA 23 Winners&quot;]. ''gh.standard.com''. 10 May 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Album of the Year 
|The Golden Boy
|He win
|rowspan=8|&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghana-Music-Awards-UK-2018-Full-list-of-nominees-669942 &quot;2018 Ghana Music Awards UK Full List of Nominees&quot;]. Ghana Web. 18 July 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Video of the Year 
|Mon Bebe 
|He win
|-
|Afrobeats/AfroPop Artiste 
|Einself 
|He win
|-
|Best Reggae/Dancehall Song of the Year 
|Touch It 
|He win
|-
|Most Popular Song of the Year
|Touch It
|He win
|-
|International Collaboration of the Year 
|Spiritual ft. Kuami Eugene, Patoranking
|Dem nominate am
|-
|Best Male Vocal Performance 
|Bad Things
|Dem nominate am
|-
|Best Afrobeats Song 
|Mon Bebe 
|Dem nominate am
|-
|rowspan=12|2024
|
|Collaboration of the year
|&quot;Liquor&quot; – KiDi ft. Stonebwoy
|He win
|
|-
|rowspan=5|3Music Awards
|Afrobeats/Afro Pop Song of the Year 
|rowspan=3|&quot;Likor&quot; 
|Pending
|rowspan=5|&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/3music-awards-2024-all-nominees &quot;3Music Awards 2024: All the nominees&quot;]. ''Music in Africa''. 2024-08-12. Retrieved 2024-08-16.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best Collaboration of the Year 
|Pending 
|-
|Song of the Year 
|Pending 
|-
|Afrobeats/Afro Pop Act of the Year 
|Einself 
|Pending 
|-
|Best Male Vocal Performance 
|&quot;I Lied&quot; 
|Pending 
|-
|rowspan=6|Ghana Music Awards UK
|Most Popular Song of the Year
|rowspan=2|&quot;Likor&quot; 
|Pending 
|rowspan=6|&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/ghana-music-awards-uk-2024-all-nominees &quot;Ghana Music Awards UK 2024: All the nominees&quot;]. ''Music in Africa''. 2024-09-09. Retrieved 2024-09-17. &lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|Best Collaboration of the Year 
|Pending 
|-
|&quot;Bambalika&quot;
|Pending 
|-
|Male Vocalist of the Year 
|rowspan=2|&quot;I Lied&quot; 
|Pending 
|-
|Best Afropop Song of the Year 
|Pending 
|-
|Best Afrobeats Song of the Year
|&quot;Likor&quot; 
|Pending 
|}

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:Ghanaians]]
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Ghanaian male singers]]
[[Category:Male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian male singers]]
[[Category:Ghanaian singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:University of Ghana alumni]]
[[Category:Musicians wey komot Accra]]
[[Category:Ghanaian musicians]]</text>
      <sha1>31kryjfoppj9pln56ucg6vqd7dmm8pb</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Kusasi people</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1697</id>
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      <id>96080</id>
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{{Databox|item=Q641332}}
De '''Kusasi''', '''Kusaasi''', anaa de '''Kusaal people''', be ethnic group wey dey northern Ghana den southern Burkina Faso. Dem dey speak Kusaal language, Gur language.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kus Kusaal language]. Ethnologue.com.&lt;/ref&gt;
==Festival==
De Kusasi people dey celebrate de Samanpiid Festival.&lt;ref name=&quot;raw&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20131230231843/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=296513 &quot;Rawlings calls for cabinet reshuffle&quot;]. www.ghanaweb.com. Archived from [http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=296513 the original] on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2013. &lt;/ref&gt; Dem dey use de festival thank God for bumper harvest during de farming season.&lt;ref name=raw/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;omp&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20131230232852/http://myjoyonline.com/politics/2013/December-30th/mahamas-appointees-not-correct-rawlings.php &quot;Mahama's appointees not correct - Rawlings&quot;]. myjoyonline.com. Retrieved 30 December 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; Dem first celebrate de festival for 1987 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;omp&quot;/&gt;
== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
==External links==
*[http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=105480&amp;rog3=GH Kusasi, Eastern of Ghana]. Joshua Project. Page Last Modified: 28-May-2009.
*[http://allafrica.com/stories/200905080927.html Ghana: Kusasi Opinion Leaders Attribute Recent Violence in Bawku to Armed Robbers]. Baba Kofi Yaro, Public Agenda (Accra) 8 May 2009.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110723085522/http://www.ghanaculture.gov.gh/index1.php?linkid=237&amp;page=7&amp;sectionid=593  The Peoples Of Northern Ghana]. National Commission On Culture of the government of Ghana.
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=y9OklOdy6JkC Ethnicity in Ghana: the limits of invention]. Carola Lentz, Paul Nugent Eds. Palgrave Macmillan, 2000 ISBN|0-312-22405-2 pp.&amp;nbsp;57–67
[[Category:West African people]]
[[Category:Ghana]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups for Ghana insyd]]
[[Category:African ethnic groups]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kuukua Eshun</title>
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'''Kuukua Eshun''' be Ghanaian-American film director, artist den writer. Kuukua dey raise awareness about social issues den mental health through ein writing den film.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200626170455/https://avalidreview.com/kuukua/ &quot;KuuKua&quot;]. Archived from [https://avalidreview.com/kuukua/ the original] on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/13662/kuukua-eshun-lets-talk-about-mental-health-withi.html &quot;Kuukua Eshun: Let's Talk About Mental Health Within The African Community&quot;]. ''Modern Ghana''. Retrieved 23 June 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; She be de co-founder of Boxedkids.&lt;ref&gt;Gyasi, Prince. [https://suitcasemag.com/articles/boxed-kids-ghana &quot;Boxed Kids: Accra, Ghana&quot;]. ''Suitcase Magazine''. Retrieved 23 June 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Kuukua for [[Accra]] insyd for 18 May 1994 buh she dey hail from [[Aburi]] wey dey [[Eastern Region (Ghana)|Eastern Region]] for Ghana. She attend Columbus State Community College where she study Art den Science.&lt;ref&gt;[https://filmfreeway.com/KuukuaEshun &quot;Kuukua Eshun&quot;]. ''FilmFreeway''. Retrieved 27 July 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;
== Ein career ==
Kuukua ein first film titled ''Artist, Act of Love'' win sam award for de worldwide women's films festival for best visual effect.&lt;ref&gt;Ababio, Jesse (12 February 2020). [https://kuulpeeps.com/2020/02/ghanaian-short-film-artist-act-of-love-wins-best-visual-effects-at-the-worldwide-womens-film-festival/ &quot;Ghanaian Short Film &quot;Artist, Act Of Love&quot; Wins Best Visual Effects At The Worldwide Women's Film Festival&quot;]. ''Kuulpeeps - Ghana Campus News and Lifestyle Site by Students''. Retrieved 23 June 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; She be de co-founder of Skate Gal Club.&lt;ref&gt;Frank, Alex. [https://www.vogue.com/vogueworld/article/surf-ghana-skate-gal-club-girls-women-skateboard-crew &quot;Take a Ride With Ghana's First All-Girls Skate Crew&quot;]. ''Vogue''. Retrieved 23 June 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://finance.yahoo.com/news/ride-ghana-first-girls-skate-120000959.html &quot;Take a Ride With Ghana's First All-Girls Skate Crew&quot;]. ''finance.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 23 June 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gbadamosi, Nosmot; Cristofoletti, Thomas (10 February 2020).[https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/4ag3pg/skate-gal-club-ghana-gender-equality-metoo-assault-survivors &quot;People Assumed Women in Ghana Wouldn't Skate. Then One Crew Changed Everything&quot;]. ''Vice''. Retrieved 23 June 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; Kuukua dey believe for gender equity insyd wey emake am push chaw protest for Accra streets top. She collaborate plus UNFPA Ghana hold sam healing session for young women wey be survivors of sexual assault.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ghananewsagency.org/social/unfpa-fights-against-gender-violence-through-walk-and-vigil-161200 &quot;UNFPA fights against Gender Violence through Walk and Vigil&quot;]. ''ghananewsagency.org''. Retrieved 23 June 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200627064405/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/unfpa-fights-against-gender-violence-through-walk-and-vigil/ &quot;UNFPA fights against Gender Violence through walk and vigil&quot;]. ''MyJoyOnline.com''. 14 December 2019. Retrieved 25 June 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuukua recently work plus Nigerian musician Wizkid wer she direct sam performance bi give am.&lt;ref&gt;Segbefia, Sedem (1 May 2021). [https://thebftonline.com/01/05/2021/kuukua-eshun-an-extraordinary-creative-mind/ &quot;Kuukua Eshun, an extraordinary creative mind&quot;]. ''The Business &amp; Financial Times''. Retrieved 9 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dem premier Kuukua ein recent documentary film &quot;Unveiling&quot; for de Museum Ostwall Im Dortmunder U wey dey Germany wey dem show am for de museum insyd till March 2022. ANO Institute of Arts &amp; Knowledge commission de film wey ebi Kuukua wey produce den direct am.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/filmmaker-kuukua-eshun-premieres-unveiling-in-german-museum/ &quot;Filmmaker Kuukua Eshun premieres 'Unveiling' in German Museum - MyJoyOnline.com&quot;]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. Retrieved 27 December 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuukua sam direct Nigerian Musician Wizkid ein short film give ein ''Made In Lagos'' album titled ''Made In Lagos Deluxe Film'' wey dem release for December 2021 insyd. She co-direct dis short film plus Wizkid.&lt;ref&gt;Conteh, Mankaprr (20 December 2021). [https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/wizkid-made-in-lagos-short-film-1274314/ &quot;Wizkid Indulges in Beauty in 'Made in Lagos (Deluxe)' Short Film&quot;]. ''Rolling Stone''. Retrieved 27 December 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://grmdaily.com/wizkid-made-in-lagos-short-fulm/ &quot;Wizkid Releases Brand-New Short Film For 'Made in Lagos'&quot;]. ''GRM Daily''. 20 December 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein filmography ==

=== Short films ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Year
!Title
!Director
!Writer
!Producer
!Ref.
|-
|2018
|''Stranger To Your Seed''
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eb0ZV6TlzpA Kuukua Eshun – Stranger To Your Seed (Short Poetry Film)]'', retrieved 18 February 2023&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;admin (9 October 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230218120934/https://www.thespectatoronline.com/kuukua-eshun-telling-impactful-stories-through-art-creativity/ &quot;Kuukua Eshun: Telling impactful stories through art, creativity&quot;]. ''The Spectator''. Retrieved 18 February 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Asare, Edward (27 April 2022). [https://edwardasare.com/from-ghana-to-the-world-meet-kuukua-eshun-a-young-female-filmmaker-taking-the-world-by-storm/ &quot;From Ghana to the World: Meet Kuukua Eshun, A Young Female Filmmaker Taking The World By Storm&quot;]. ''EdwardAsare - Digital Marketer | PR| Blogger | News''. Retrieved 18 February 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|''Artist, Act Of Love''
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Hollywood-More-25-year-old-Kuukua-Eshun-wins-international-film-awards-996766 &quot;Hollywood &amp; More: 25-year-old Kuukua Eshun wins international film awards&quot;]. ''www.ghanaweb.com''. 2 July 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|''Unveiling''
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20211227191905/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Kuukua-Eshun-gets-her-film-Unveiling-premiered-in-a-German-museum-1425907 &quot;Kuukua Eshun gets her film 'Unveiling' premiered in a German museum&quot;]. ''GhanaWeb''. 17 December 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|''Made In Lagos (Deluxe)''
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Conteh, Mankaprr (20 December 2021). [https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/wizkid-made-in-lagos-short-film-1274314/ &quot;Wizkid Indulges in Beauty in 'Made in Lagos (Deluxe)' Short Film&quot;]. ''Rolling Stone''. Retrieved 25 January 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://ameyawdebrah.com/watch-ghanaian-filmmaker-kuukua-eshun-and-wizkid-create-short-film-for-grammy-nominated-made-in-lagos-album/ &quot;WATCH: Ghanaian Filmmaker Kuukua Eshun And Wizkid Create Short Film For Grammy Nominated 'Made In Lagos' Album&quot;]. 20 December 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Ein awards den recognition ==
* Urbanworld Film Festival Finalists for Young Creators Showcase.&lt;ref&gt;Ramos, Dino-Ray (18 September 2020). [https://deadline.com/2020/09/urbanworld-film-festival-lineup-stacey-abrams-all-in-the-fight-for-democracy-1234579258/ &quot;Urbanworld Film Festival Adds Spotlight Conversation On 'All In: The Fight for Democracy' And More Events To Bolster Civic Engagement&quot;]. ''Deadline''. Retrieved 24 September 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Year
!Event
!Prize
!Recipient
!Result
|-
|2021
|2021 Ghana Movie Awards
|Best Documentary&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/ghana-movie-awards-2021-full-list-of-nominations/ &quot;Ghana Movie Awards 2021: Full list of nominations - MyJoyOnline.com&quot;]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. Retrieved 27 December 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|Unveiling
|Dem nominate am
|}

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
'''Kuukua Eshun''' at Wikipedia ein sisto projects

* [[File:Commons-logo.svg|link=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Basshunter?uselang=gpe|16x16px]] [[commons:Category:Kuukua_Eshun|Wikimedia Commons]]
* [[File:Wikiquote-logo.svg|link=https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Basshunter?uselang=gpe|16x16px]] [[wikiquote:Kuukua_Eshun|Wikiquote]] (en)
* [[File:Wikidata-logo.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383541|16x16px]] [[wikidata:Q80132949|Wikidata]]

* [https://x.com/kuukssss Kuukua Eshun] for Twitter top

[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Ghanaian film directors]]
[[Category:Ghanaian women film directors]]
[[Category:Ghanaian film producers]]
[[Category:Ghanaian writers]]
[[Category:Ghanaian women writers]]
[[Category:Ghanaian women film producers]]
[[Category:Ghanaian people stubs]]
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian women]]
[[Category:People wey komot Greater Accra Region]]</text>
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    <title>Kwabena Donkor</title>
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'''Kwabena Donkor''' (dem born am 5 February 1958), be [[Ghanaian|Ghanaian politician]] den sam former Minister of Power.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160806174604/http://www.parliament.gh/parliamentarians/291 &quot;Hon. Kwabena Donkor (Dr)&quot;]. ''Parliament Of Ghana''. Archived from [http://www.parliament.gh/parliamentarians/291 the original] on 6 August 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; He be de current Member of Parliament for de Pru East constituency, wey dey [[Bono East Region]] for Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170601125311/http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2015/december-26th/acep-urges-kwabena-donkor-to-admit-failure-and-resign.php &quot;ACEP urges Kwabena Donkor to admit failure and resign&quot;]. ''MyJoyOnline''. 26 December 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; He resign from ein office as de minister secof he fail say he go end load shedding as we dey call am [[Dumsor]], as he promise before say he go resign if he no fi solve am before 2015 end.&lt;ref&gt;Darfah Frimpong, Enoch (31 December 2015). [http://graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/55562-confirmed-kwabena-donkor-resigns-over-dumsor-controversy.html &quot;Confirmed: Kwabena Donkor resigns over dumsor controversy&quot;]. Graphic Ghana. Retrieved 1 January 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160102181107/http://citifmonline.com/2015/12/31/power-minister-resigns-over-dumsor/ &quot;Power Minister resigns over Dumsor&quot;]. citifmonline.com. 31 December 2015. Archived from [http://citifmonline.com/2015/12/31/power-minister-resigns-over-dumsor/ the original] on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein Early life den education ==
Dem born Donkor for February 5, 1958 insyd, for Lonto wey dey Yeji for [[Bono East Region]] for Ghana insyd. He dey hold ein PhD den master's degree from de University of Bristol, den master of business administration from Lancaster University.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Ein Career ==
Donkor serve as de deputy minister for information from 2013 to 2014. He be founding member for de Petroleum Commission wey he serve as ein chief executive officer insyd 2014. Insyd dat same year, he come become cabinet minister for de Govament of Ghana. He san become a member of Parliament of Ghana insyd 2015 den serve as de Chairmo for de Committee on Mines den Energy.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.modernghana.com/news/922895/celebrating-the-man-dr-kwabena-donkor.html &quot;Celebrating The Man Dr. Kwabena Donkor (Pt.1)&quot;]. ''Modern Ghana''. Retrieved 31 January 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; Rydee he rep de Pru East Constituency wey dey for de Bono East Region on de ticket of de National Democratic Congress.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200131111138/https://www.cwcghana.com/speakers/dr-kwabena-donkor-2/ &quot;Dr Kwabena Donkor | Annual Ghana Summit&quot;]. ''CwcGhana''. Archived from [https://www.cwcghana.com/speakers/dr-kwabena-donkor-2/ the original] on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein Political life ==
Donkor go contest for de seat for de Pru East constituency insyd 2016 general elections wey he win. He garner 13,512 votes wey edey rep 56.19% of de total votes cast de therefore defeat de other contestants wey dey include David Amoah, Danjumah Desmond, Noah Ken Boadai den Zevor Mattew Tsiditsey.&lt;ref&gt;FM, Peace (17 December 2014). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200131112549/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/brongahafo/54/index.php &quot;Ghana Election 2016 Results – Pru East Constituency&quot;]. ''Ghana Elections – Peace FM''. Retrieved 31 January 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; He san retain ein seat for de 2020 Ghanaian general election.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/The-end-of-Dr-Kwabena-Donkor-as-MP-for-Pru-East-is-near-APJ-978883 &quot;Parliamentary Results for Pru East&quot;]. ''GhanaWeb''. Retrieved 11 January 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Committees ===
Donkor be de Ranking Member of de Employment, Social Welfare den State Enterprises Committee; he san be member for de Standing Orders Committee; wey he sanso be member for de Mines den Energy Committee.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230328044435/https://parliament.gh/mps?mp=207 &quot;Parliament of Ghana&quot;]. ''parliament of ghana''. Retrieved 18 November 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein Life matter ==
Donkor be Christian. He marry wey he get four kiddies.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230328044435/https://parliament.gh/mps?mp=207 &quot;Parliament of Ghana&quot;]. ''www.parliament.gh''. Retrieved 21 September 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==

[[Category:Ghana]]
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:National Democratic Congress (Ghana) politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Ghanaian MPs 2013–2017]]
[[Category:Ghanaian MPs 2017–2021]]
[[Category:Government ministers of Ghana]]
[[Category:Alumni of de University of Bristol]]
[[Category:Ghanaian MPs 2021–2025]]
[[Category:Ghanaian politician stubs]]
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian politicians]]
[[Category:Alumni of Lancaster University]]
[[Category:People wey komot Bono East Region]]
[[Category:Ghanaian Christians]]</text>
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    <title>Cynthia Mamle Morrison</title>
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'''Cynthia Mamle Morrison''' (dem born am on 17 January 1964) be [[Ghanaian]] politician den member for de [[New Patriotic Party]]. Rydee she be de member of parliament for Agona West Constituency. On 9 August 2018, dem appoint am Minister designate for Gender, Children and Social Protection by Presido [[Nana Akufo-Addo]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180810111309/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2018/August-9th/im-eager-to-work-with-oye-lithur-otiko-gender-minister-designate.php &quot;'I am a submarine politician' - Gender minister-designate eager to make impact&quot;]. ''MyJoyOnline''. Archived from [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2018/August-9th/im-eager-to-work-with-oye-lithur-otiko-gender-minister-designate.php the original] on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Agona-West-NDC-congratulates-Cynthia-Morrison-676554 &quot;Agona West NDC congratulates Cynthia Morrison&quot;]. ''GhanaWeb''. Retrieved 1 November 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/borstal-homes-are-my-priority-new-gender-minister-nominee.html &quot;Borstal homes are my priority - Gender Minister-nominee Cynthia Morrison&quot;]. ''Graphic Online''. Retrieved 1 November 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; She be formally de Minister for Gender, Children and Social Protection.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/national-coordinator-of-school-feeding-programme-sacked/ &quot;National Coordinator of School Feeding Programme sacked - MyJoyOnline.com&quot;]. ''MyJoyOnline''. Retrieved 19 May 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210526112709/https://www.thestandpoint.com.gh/ &quot;Glitz top 100 inspirational women – Page 100 – Glitz Africa Magazine&quot;]. Retrieved 28 May 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life den education ==
Cynthia Morrison dem born am for 17 January 1964 insyd [[Elmina]] wey dey de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central Region]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://ghanamps.com/mp/morrison-cynthia-mamle/ &quot;Morrison, Cynthia Mamle&quot;]. ''Ghana MPS''. Retrieved 20 November 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; She get ein Teacher Training Certificate for Maria Montessori Training School insyd 1992 den insyd Hepziba Montessori.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=5403 &quot;Ghana MPs - MP Details - Morrison, Cynthia Mamle&quot;]. ''GhanaMps''. Retrieved 2 March 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; She san get certificates insyd catering from Flair Catering.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Career ==
Na she be de executive director den Manager for ein own company.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Na she san be Proprietress give Maryland Montessori insyd [[Dansoman]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; She be de former Minister for Gender, Children and Social Protection.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mogcsp.gov.gh/index.php/clottey-korley-constituency-benefits-from-the-gog-fbos-food-donation-to-the-needy/ &quot;CLOTTEY KORLEY CONSTITUENCY BENEFITS FROM THE GOG-FBO's FOOD DONATION TO THE NEEDY : Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection&quot;]. ''Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection''. Retrieved 19 July 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mogcsp.gov.gh/index.php/encourage-support-all-contestants-to-undertake-projects-hon-cynthia-morrison-to-miss-ghana-executives/ &quot;ENCOURAGE &amp; SUPPORT ALL CONTESTANTS TO UNDERTAKE PROJECTS – HON. CYNTHIA MORRISON TO MISS GHANA EXECUTIVES : Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection&quot;]. ''Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection''. Retrieved 19 July 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.modernghana.com/news/950975/hon-cynthia-morrison-empower-agona-west-children.html &quot;Hon. Cynthia Morrison empower Agona West Children through ICT and Entrepreneur Programmes&quot;]. ''Modern Ghana''. Retrieved 19 July 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200719231121/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/gender-minister-cautions-against-sharing-akuapem-poloos-nude-photo-with-son/ &quot;Gender Minister cautions against sharing Akuapem Poloo's nude photo with son&quot;]. ''MyJoyOnline''. 1 July 2020. Retrieved 19 July 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200720065958/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/health/gender-ministry-to-give-free-vitamin-c-to-leap-beneficiaries-amid-covid-19/ &quot;Gender Ministry to give free Vitamin C to LEAP beneficiaries amid Covid-19&quot;]. ''MyJoyOnline''. 28 June 2020. Retrieved 19 July 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Philanthropy ==
Cynthia Morrison go donate items wey dey include wheel chairs, walking coaches give de blind den crutches as part of ein 52nd birthday celebration.&lt;ref&gt;Arthur, Christopher. [https://www.modernghana.com/news/670258/cynthia-morrison-cerebrates-her-52-birthday-with-the-people.html &quot;Cynthia Morrison Cerebrates Her 52 Birthday with the People with Disability&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Politics ==
Morrison be member of de New Patriotic Party. Rydee she be de Member of Parliament give Agona West Constituency insyd de Central Region.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230921232928/https://parliament.gh/mps?mp=31 &quot;Parliament of Ghana&quot;]. ''parliament of ghana''. Retrieved 20 November 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/parliament-approves-construction-of-tvet-facility-at-agona-west/ &quot;Parliament approves construction of TVET facility at Agona West - MyJoyOnline.com&quot;]. ''Myjoyonline''. 18 November 2020. Retrieved 20 November 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2016 elections ===
She win ein seat during de 2016 Ghanaian general elections. Two oda candidates be Charles Obeng-Inkoom for [[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|National Democratic Congress]] den Evans Idan Coffie for Convention People's Party san contest insyd de 2016 by-election for de Agona West constituency wey dem do am insyd 2016.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240315211941/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/central/agona_west/ &quot;Ghana Election 2016 Results - Agona West Constituencywebsite=Ghana Elections&quot;]. ''Peace FM''. Retrieved 14 March 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20221120205043/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/202006/414891.php &quot;NPP Primatries: Cynthia Morrison Retains Agona West Seat&quot;]. ''Peacefmonline - Ghana news''. Retrieved 19 July 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/don-t-impose-incumbent-mp-on-agona-west-concerned-delegates.html &quot;Don't impose incumbent MP on Agona West - Concerned Delegates&quot;]. ''Graphic Online''. Retrieved 19 July 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; Cynthia win de election by obtaining 32,770 votes out of de 56,878 cast, wey edey rep 58.03 percent of total valid votes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== 2020 elections ===
She contest de 2020 Ghanaian general election as de parliamentary candidate for de New Patriotic Party den dem elect am for de second four-year term.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/agona-west-constituency-cynthia-morrison-re-elected-as-mp.html &quot;Agona West Constituency: Cynthia Morrison re-elected as MP&quot;]. ''Graphic Online''. Retrieved 20 November 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; She poll 30,513 out of total of 59,193 valid votes cast as against Paul Ofori-Amoah who rep de opposition National Democratic Congress wey he get 27,673 votes,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; den Independent candidate Ishmael Kofi Tekyi Turkson get 1,007 votes.&lt;ref&gt;FM, Peace. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240625161951/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/agona_west/ &quot;2020 Election - Agona West Constituency Results&quot;]. ''Ghana Elections - Peace FM''. Retrieved 20 November 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Committees ===
She be de Chairperson for de Government Assurance Committee den she san be de Chairperson for de Communications Committee.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

=== Ministerial Appopintment ===
For 2018 insyde, Ghana ein president for dat time , Nana Akufo-Addo, appoint am  her make she be Minister for de Gender, Children, plus Social Protection side. Later dem confirm am, so she chop that position till January 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-11-01 |title=Parliament approves Oppong Nkrumah, Morrison and 4 others as ministers |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/parliament-approves-oppong-nkrumah-morrison-as-ministers.html |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Independent Candidacy ==
For April 2024 insyde, Cynthia lose de primary election for Agona West Constituency give Chris Arthur.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-04-13 |title=Incumbent MP, Cynthia Morrison loses Agona West parliamentary bid {{!}} 3News |url=https://3news.com/featured/incumbent-mp-cynthia-morrison-loses-agona-west-parliamentary-bid/ |access-date=2024-10-22 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Even though court say make she no do am, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Appiah-Dolphyne |first=Joseph |date=2024-10-12 |title=Court orders suspension of Agona West parliamentary candidacy for Cynthia Morrison |url=https://www.asaaseradio.com/court-orders-suspension-of-agona-west-parliamentary-candidacy-for-cynthia-morrison/?amp=1 |access-date=2024-10-22 |website=Asaase Radio |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; she talk say she go run for Agona West seat as independent person, meaning she don leave NPP.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Baisie|first=Seli|date=2024-08-22|title=Election 2024: NPP’s Cynthia Morrison goes independent|url=https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/news/politics/npps-cynthia/2024/?amp=1|access-date=2024-10-22|website=GBC Ghana Online - The Nation\'s Broadcaster {{!}} Breaking News from Ghana, Business, Sports, Entertainment, Fashion and Video News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dem talk say for October 2024, as she say she go stand as independent, some media people talk say she don change her mind, sake of picture wey she take with NPP big man for parliament, Alexander Afenyo-Markin, go viral. But she come out say she dey stand as independent still.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-10-22 |title=2024 election: Cynthia Morrison to still contest as Independent candidate - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/2024-election-cynthia-morrison-to-still-contest-as-independent-candidate/ |access-date=2024-10-24 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-10-22 |title=Cynthia Morrison dismisses claims of backing out of Independent bid |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2024/10/cynthia-morrison-dismisses-claims-of-backing-out-of-independent-bid/ |access-date=2024-10-24 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Attack ===
De ting happen as Cynthia Morrison ein supporters dey come back from campaign launch for Otinkorang dey go Agona Swedru. Dem fire shot for insyde crowd, e cause serious panic make people scatter scatter, dem wound one person with bullet, plus some other people chop small injuries for de wahala insyde.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-10-28 |title=Supporters of NPP's Cynthia Morrison Clash; One Injured by Gunshot |url=https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/news/politics/cynthia-morrison/2024/ |access-date=2024-10-29 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-10-28 |title=Cynthia Morrison gives blow-by-blow account of alleged shooting attack at Nyarkrom {{!}} 3News |url=https://3news.com/news/cynthia-morrison-gives-blow-by-blow-account-of-alleged-shooting-attack-at-nyarkrom/ |access-date=2024-10-29 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Personal life ==
She marry plus Herbert Morrison wey dem get seven kiddies.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.graphic.com.gh/lifestyle/life/cynthia-morrison-changed-lives-of-ghana-s-conjoined-twins.html &quot;Cynthia Morrison - Changed lives of Ghana's conjoined twins&quot;]. ''Graphic Online''. 18 January 2014. Retrieved 2 March 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Christian.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian educators]]
[[Category:Accra Girls Senior High School alumni]]
[[Category:Ghanaian MPs 2021-2025]]
[[Category:Ghanaians]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian women politicians]]
[[Category:New Patriotic Party politicians]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People wey komot Elmina]]
[[Category:Ghanaian women educators]]
[[Category:Politicians wey komot Central Region (Ghana)]]</text>
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    <title>Mavis Hawa Koomson</title>
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'''Mavis Hawa Koomson''' (born 3 February 1966) be a Ghanaian politician den educationist wey serve as a Member of de sixth, seventh den eighth Parliaments of de fourth republic of Ghana wey dey represent de Awutu Senya East Constituency insyd de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central region]] on de ticket of de [[New Patriotic Party|New Patriotic party]] (NPP).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/440537/list-of-the-29-women-in-parliament.html|title=LIST OF THE 29 WOMEN IN PARLIAMENT|last=Prince|first=Akpah|language=en-GB|accessdate=2016-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=NDC calls for arrest of 'gangster' Hawa Koomson |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/ndc-calls-for-arrest-of-gangster-hawa-koomson/ |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=MyJoyOnline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=Your actions will have 'collateral implications' - Baako roasts Hawa Koomson |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Your-actions-will-have-collateral-implications-Baako-roasts-Hawa-Koomson-1013866 |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=ghanaweb. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Knocks for Ghana female lawmaker wey fire gunshot for voter registration centre - Read wetin we know about Hawa|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-53484335|access-date=2020-07-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; She be appointed by [[President of Ghana]] [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Akuffo-Addo]] on 10 January 2017 as Minister of Special Development Initiatives.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php|title=Profile of Hon Mavis Hawa Koomson, Minister-Designate For Special Development Initiative|last=Online|first=Peace FM|access-date=2018-10-18|archive-date=2022-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160947/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fire Hawa Koomson over gunshot - Bonaa tells Nana Addo|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-fire-hawa-koomson-over-gunshot-bonaa-tells-nana-addo.html|access-date=2020-07-23|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hawa Koomson response to CID invitation|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-hawa-koomson-response-to-cid-invitation.html|access-date=2020-07-24|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mavis Hawa Koomson dey advocate for women's empowerment, education, den healthcare. She sanso be involved insyd initiatives to promote fisheries den aquaculture development insyd Ghana.
== Early life and education ==
Koomson come from Salaga inside Savannah Region for Ghana, dem born am 3 February 1966.[8] She go Bimbilla Training College do her teacher training.[9] She get diploma plus first degree for Basic Education from University of Education, Winneba.[10] She later get master’s degree, postgraduate diploma for Public Administration (CPA) and another postgraduate diploma for Public Administration (DPA) from Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA).[11][12]

== Career ==
Koomson be teacher by work, she hold plenty position like head teacher, assistant superintendent and principal superintendent. 

She be president for Gender Unit inside Ghana National Association of Teachers Ladies Association (GNATLAS) Sekondi local. 

She also be treasurer for GNATLAS Western Region and secretary for GNATLAS Takoradi local.

== Politics ==
Koomson be member for New Patriotic Party. She be former MP for Awutu Senya East Constituency inside Central Region for Ghana.

=== Cabinet minister ===
In May 2017, President Nana Akufo-Addo dem name Mavis Hawa Koomson as part of nineteen ministers who would form his cabinet.&lt;ref name=&quot;carbi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Citi |title=Arts Minister Catherine Afeku makes it to Cabinet |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Arts-Minister-Catherine-Afeku-makes-it-to-Cabinet-542839 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731025902/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Arts-Minister-Catherine-Afeku-makes-it-to-Cabinet-542839 |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=7 July 2017 |website= |publisher=ghanaweb}}&lt;/ref&gt; The names of that 19 ministers were submitted to the Parliament of Ghana and announced by the Speaker of the House, Rt. Hon. Prof. Mike Ocquaye.&lt;ref name=&quot;carbi&quot; /&gt; As a Cabinet minister, Mavis Hawa Koomson is part of the inner circle of the president and is to aid in key decision-making activities in the country. She was appointed as the Minister for Fisheries and Aquaculture Development in 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-09-13 |title=Digitization of premix distribution; fishermen to access product with canoe ID cards |url=https://citibusinessnews.com/2021/09/digitization-of-premix-distribution-fishermen-to-access-product-with-canoe-id-cards/ |access-date=2021-09-15 |website=Citi Business News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2020 elections ===
In the 2020 Ghanaian general elections, she won the Awutu Senya East Constituency parliamentary seat with 57,114 votes making 52.6% of the total votes cast whilst the NDC parliamentary candidate Phillis Naa Koryoo Okunor had 51,561 votes making 47.5% of the total votes cast,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary Results for Awutu-senya East |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/ghanaelection2020/elections.constituency.results.php?mode=parliamentary&amp;ID=78 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=www.ghanaweb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; the GUM parliamentary candidate Hanson Ishmael Amuzu had 0 vote making 0.0% of the total votes cast, the CPP parliamentary candidate Addy Ishmael had 0 vote making 0.0% of the total votes cast, the GCPP parliamentary candidate Peter Kwao Lartey had 0 vote making 0.0% of the total votes cast and the UPP parliamentary candidate Mohammed Issah Al-Marzuque had 0 vote making 0.0% of the total votes cast.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=2020 Election - Awutu Senya East Constituency Results |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/awutu_senya_east/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160022/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/awutu_senya_east/ |archive-date=2022-11-26 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2024 Elections ===
In the 2024 Ghanaian general elections, Hawa Koomson lost to the NDC Parliamentary Candidate for the Awutu Senya East Constituency, Phyllis Naa Koryoo Okunor who secured 50,886 votes, representing 52.7%, while Hawa Koomson, garnered 45,638 votes, representing 47.3%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-08 |title=NDC's Naa Koryoo snatches Awutu Senya East seat from Hawa Koomson - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/ndcs-naa-koryoo-snatches-awutu-senya-east-seat-from-hawa-koomson/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Committee ===
Koomson be  member of the Business Committee.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314134706/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |archive-date=2024-03-14 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=parliament of ghana}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Controversy ==
In July 2020, Hawa Koomson breached security laws and fired gunshots into a crowd of citizens who were in the process of registering for the controversial voters ID card.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=NPP must sanction Hawa Koomson – Peace Council condemns Kasoa shooting |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/npp-must-sanction-hawa-koomson-peace-council-condemns-kasoa-shooting/ |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=MyJoyOnline. |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hawa Koomson: Minister fires gun at registration centre, 4 arrested |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/hawa-koomson-minister-fires-gun-at-registration-centre-4-arrested.html |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; This incident occurred in Kasoa. The Minister claimed she was informed of foreigners who had come from different towns to register in her constituency. She regarded this as a threat to her party's victory in the upcoming elections. The Minister claimed that the act was in self-defense because she felt threatened. She responded to the invitation of the CID of the police in the Central region.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hawa Koomson response to CID invitation |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-hawa-koomson-response-to-cid-invitation.html |access-date=2020-07-24 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-hawa-koomson-response-to-cid-invitation.html &quot;Hawa Koomson response to CID invitation&quot;]. ''Graphic Online''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-07-24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Her gun was retrieved by the Central Regional police. The license covering the weapon was also retrieved when she reported to the police in Cape Coast.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Police retrieve Hawa Koomson's gun |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-police-retrieve-hawa-koomson-s-gun.html |access-date=2020-07-25 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Personal life ==
She be Christian and don marry with three pikins.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Koomson, Hawa Mavis |url=http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=2595 |access-date=2016-09-15 |website=Ghana MPs}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314134706/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |archive-date=2024-03-14 |access-date=2024-07-28 |website=www.parliament.gh}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Philanthropy ==
She bring one yearly football tournament wey dem call Kasoa MP’s Cup for the youth inside her area.[25]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Mavis Hawa Koomson''' (born 3 February 1966) be a Ghanaian politician den educationist wey serve as a Member of de sixth, seventh den eighth Parliaments of de fourth republic of Ghana wey dey represent de Awutu Senya East Constituency insyd de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central region]] on de ticket of de [[New Patriotic Party|New Patriotic party]] (NPP).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/440537/list-of-the-29-women-in-parliament.html|title=LIST OF THE 29 WOMEN IN PARLIAMENT|last=Prince|first=Akpah|language=en-GB|accessdate=2016-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=NDC calls for arrest of 'gangster' Hawa Koomson |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/ndc-calls-for-arrest-of-gangster-hawa-koomson/ |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=MyJoyOnline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=Your actions will have 'collateral implications' - Baako roasts Hawa Koomson |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Your-actions-will-have-collateral-implications-Baako-roasts-Hawa-Koomson-1013866 |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=ghanaweb. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Knocks for Ghana female lawmaker wey fire gunshot for voter registration centre - Read wetin we know about Hawa|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-53484335|access-date=2020-07-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; She be appointed by [[President of Ghana]] [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Akuffo-Addo]] on 10 January 2017 as Minister of Special Development Initiatives.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php|title=Profile of Hon Mavis Hawa Koomson, Minister-Designate For Special Development Initiative|last=Online|first=Peace FM|access-date=2018-10-18|archive-date=2022-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160947/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fire Hawa Koomson over gunshot - Bonaa tells Nana Addo|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-fire-hawa-koomson-over-gunshot-bonaa-tells-nana-addo.html|access-date=2020-07-23|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hawa Koomson response to CID invitation|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-hawa-koomson-response-to-cid-invitation.html|access-date=2020-07-24|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mavis Hawa Koomson dey advocate for women's empowerment, education, den healthcare. She sanso be involved insyd initiatives to promote fisheries den aquaculture development insyd Ghana.
== Early life den education ==
Koomson dey hail from Salaga insyd de [[Savannah Region]] of Ghana wey na dem born am on 3 February 1966.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pulse |title=Mavis Hawa Koomson |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson-id5364017.html |access-date=2018-10-18 |website=pulse ghana |language=en-US |archive-date=2018-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018161851/https://www.pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson-id5364017.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; She get ein training college education at de Bimbilla Training College.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Profile of Hon Mavis Hawa Koomson, Minister-Designate For Special Development Initiative |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Peacefmonline- Ghana news |archive-date=2022-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160947/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; She dey hold a diploma den a bachelor's degree insyd Basic Education from de [[University of Education, Winneba|University Education Winneba]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pulse |title=Mavis Hawa Koomson - Mavis Hawa Koomson - Pulse |url=http://pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson |accessdate=2016-09-15 |website=pulse ghana |archive-date=2016-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011140409/http://pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; She earn a master's degree, postgraduate diploma insyd public administration (CPA) den postgraduate diploma insyd public administration (DPA) from [[Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration|Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA)]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mavis Hawa Koomson –Special Development Initiatives - Government of Ghana |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/60-ministers/3445-mavis-hawa-koomson-special-development-initiatives |access-date=2018-10-18 |website=Government of Ghana |language=en-gb |archive-date=2019-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724021440/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/60-ministers/3445-mavis-hawa-koomson-special-development-initiatives |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghana |first=ICT Dept. Office of Parliament |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=64 |access-date=2018-10-18 |website=parliament of ghana |archive-date=2022-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126221932/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=64 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Career ==
Koomson be teacher by work, she hold plenty position like head teacher, assistant superintendent and principal superintendent. 

She be president for Gender Unit inside Ghana National Association of Teachers Ladies Association (GNATLAS) Sekondi local. 

She also be treasurer for GNATLAS Western Region and secretary for GNATLAS Takoradi local.

== Politics ==
Koomson be member for New Patriotic Party. She be former MP for Awutu Senya East Constituency inside Central Region for Ghana.

=== Cabinet minister ===
In May 2017, President Nana Akufo-Addo dem name Mavis Hawa Koomson as part of nineteen ministers who would form his cabinet.&lt;ref name=&quot;carbi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Citi |title=Arts Minister Catherine Afeku makes it to Cabinet |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Arts-Minister-Catherine-Afeku-makes-it-to-Cabinet-542839 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731025902/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Arts-Minister-Catherine-Afeku-makes-it-to-Cabinet-542839 |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=7 July 2017 |website= |publisher=ghanaweb}}&lt;/ref&gt; The names of that 19 ministers were submitted to the Parliament of Ghana and announced by the Speaker of the House, Rt. Hon. Prof. Mike Ocquaye.&lt;ref name=&quot;carbi&quot; /&gt; As a Cabinet minister, Mavis Hawa Koomson is part of the inner circle of the president and is to aid in key decision-making activities in the country. She was appointed as the Minister for Fisheries and Aquaculture Development in 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-09-13 |title=Digitization of premix distribution; fishermen to access product with canoe ID cards |url=https://citibusinessnews.com/2021/09/digitization-of-premix-distribution-fishermen-to-access-product-with-canoe-id-cards/ |access-date=2021-09-15 |website=Citi Business News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2020 elections ===
In the 2020 Ghanaian general elections, she won the Awutu Senya East Constituency parliamentary seat with 57,114 votes making 52.6% of the total votes cast whilst the NDC parliamentary candidate Phillis Naa Koryoo Okunor had 51,561 votes making 47.5% of the total votes cast,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary Results for Awutu-senya East |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/ghanaelection2020/elections.constituency.results.php?mode=parliamentary&amp;ID=78 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=www.ghanaweb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; the GUM parliamentary candidate Hanson Ishmael Amuzu had 0 vote making 0.0% of the total votes cast, the CPP parliamentary candidate Addy Ishmael had 0 vote making 0.0% of the total votes cast, the GCPP parliamentary candidate Peter Kwao Lartey had 0 vote making 0.0% of the total votes cast and the UPP parliamentary candidate Mohammed Issah Al-Marzuque had 0 vote making 0.0% of the total votes cast.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=2020 Election - Awutu Senya East Constituency Results |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/awutu_senya_east/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160022/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/awutu_senya_east/ |archive-date=2022-11-26 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2024 Elections ===
In the 2024 Ghanaian general elections, Hawa Koomson lost to the NDC Parliamentary Candidate for the Awutu Senya East Constituency, Phyllis Naa Koryoo Okunor who secured 50,886 votes, representing 52.7%, while Hawa Koomson, garnered 45,638 votes, representing 47.3%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-08 |title=NDC's Naa Koryoo snatches Awutu Senya East seat from Hawa Koomson - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/ndcs-naa-koryoo-snatches-awutu-senya-east-seat-from-hawa-koomson/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Committee ===
Koomson be  member of the Business Committee.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314134706/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |archive-date=2024-03-14 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=parliament of ghana}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Controversy ==
In July 2020, Hawa Koomson breached security laws and fired gunshots into a crowd of citizens who were in the process of registering for the controversial voters ID card.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=NPP must sanction Hawa Koomson – Peace Council condemns Kasoa shooting |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/npp-must-sanction-hawa-koomson-peace-council-condemns-kasoa-shooting/ |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=MyJoyOnline. |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hawa Koomson: Minister fires gun at registration centre, 4 arrested |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/hawa-koomson-minister-fires-gun-at-registration-centre-4-arrested.html |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; This incident occurred in Kasoa. The Minister claimed she was informed of foreigners who had come from different towns to register in her constituency. She regarded this as a threat to her party's victory in the upcoming elections. The Minister claimed that the act was in self-defense because she felt threatened. She responded to the invitation of the CID of the police in the Central region.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hawa Koomson response to CID invitation |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-hawa-koomson-response-to-cid-invitation.html |access-date=2020-07-24 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-hawa-koomson-response-to-cid-invitation.html &quot;Hawa Koomson response to CID invitation&quot;]. ''Graphic Online''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-07-24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Her gun was retrieved by the Central Regional police. The license covering the weapon was also retrieved when she reported to the police in Cape Coast.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Police retrieve Hawa Koomson's gun |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-police-retrieve-hawa-koomson-s-gun.html |access-date=2020-07-25 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Personal life ==
She be Christian and don marry with three pikins.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Koomson, Hawa Mavis |url=http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=2595 |access-date=2016-09-15 |website=Ghana MPs}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314134706/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |archive-date=2024-03-14 |access-date=2024-07-28 |website=www.parliament.gh}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Philanthropy ==
She bring one yearly football tournament wey dem call Kasoa MP’s Cup for the youth inside her area.[25]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Mavis Hawa Koomson''' (born 3 February 1966) be a Ghanaian politician den educationist wey serve as a Member of de sixth, seventh den eighth Parliaments of de fourth republic of Ghana wey dey represent de Awutu Senya East Constituency insyd de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central region]] on de ticket of de [[New Patriotic Party|New Patriotic party]] (NPP).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/440537/list-of-the-29-women-in-parliament.html|title=LIST OF THE 29 WOMEN IN PARLIAMENT|last=Prince|first=Akpah|language=en-GB|accessdate=2016-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=NDC calls for arrest of 'gangster' Hawa Koomson |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/ndc-calls-for-arrest-of-gangster-hawa-koomson/ |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=MyJoyOnline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=Your actions will have 'collateral implications' - Baako roasts Hawa Koomson |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Your-actions-will-have-collateral-implications-Baako-roasts-Hawa-Koomson-1013866 |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=ghanaweb. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Knocks for Ghana female lawmaker wey fire gunshot for voter registration centre - Read wetin we know about Hawa|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-53484335|access-date=2020-07-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; She be appointed by [[President of Ghana]] [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Akuffo-Addo]] on 10 January 2017 as Minister of Special Development Initiatives.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php|title=Profile of Hon Mavis Hawa Koomson, Minister-Designate For Special Development Initiative|last=Online|first=Peace FM|access-date=2018-10-18|archive-date=2022-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160947/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fire Hawa Koomson over gunshot - Bonaa tells Nana Addo|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-fire-hawa-koomson-over-gunshot-bonaa-tells-nana-addo.html|access-date=2020-07-23|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hawa Koomson response to CID invitation|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-hawa-koomson-response-to-cid-invitation.html|access-date=2020-07-24|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mavis Hawa Koomson dey advocate for women's empowerment, education, den healthcare. She sanso be involved insyd initiatives to promote fisheries den aquaculture development insyd Ghana.
== Early life den education ==
Koomson dey hail from Salaga insyd de [[Savannah Region]] of Ghana wey na dem born am on 3 February 1966.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pulse |title=Mavis Hawa Koomson |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson-id5364017.html |access-date=2018-10-18 |website=pulse ghana |language=en-US |archive-date=2018-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018161851/https://www.pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson-id5364017.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; She get ein training college education at de Bimbilla Training College.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Profile of Hon Mavis Hawa Koomson, Minister-Designate For Special Development Initiative |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Peacefmonline- Ghana news |archive-date=2022-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160947/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; She dey hold a diploma den a bachelor's degree insyd Basic Education from de [[University of Education, Winneba|University Education Winneba]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pulse |title=Mavis Hawa Koomson - Mavis Hawa Koomson - Pulse |url=http://pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson |accessdate=2016-09-15 |website=pulse ghana |archive-date=2016-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011140409/http://pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; She earn a master's degree, postgraduate diploma insyd public administration (CPA) den postgraduate diploma insyd public administration (DPA) from [[Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration|Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA)]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mavis Hawa Koomson –Special Development Initiatives - Government of Ghana |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/60-ministers/3445-mavis-hawa-koomson-special-development-initiatives |access-date=2018-10-18 |website=Government of Ghana |language=en-gb |archive-date=2019-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724021440/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/60-ministers/3445-mavis-hawa-koomson-special-development-initiatives |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghana |first=ICT Dept. Office of Parliament |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=64 |access-date=2018-10-18 |website=parliament of ghana |archive-date=2022-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126221932/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=64 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Career ==
Koomson be a teacher by profession, wey dey occupy various positions wey dey include head teacher, assistant superintendent den Principal superintendent.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghanaweb |title=I  was a professional teacher for 21 years – Hawa Koomson tells Parliament |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/I-was-a-professional-teacher-for-21-years-Hawa-Koomson-tells-Parliament-1184827?gallery=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; She sanso be president of Gender Unit of de Ghana National Association of Teachers Ladies Association (GNATLAS) Sekondi local, treasurer for GNATLAS (Western Region) den secretary for GNATLAS (Takoradi local).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
== Politics ==
Koomson be member for New Patriotic Party. She be former MP for Awutu Senya East Constituency inside Central Region for Ghana.

=== Cabinet minister ===
In May 2017, President Nana Akufo-Addo dem name Mavis Hawa Koomson as part of nineteen ministers who would form his cabinet.&lt;ref name=&quot;carbi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Citi |title=Arts Minister Catherine Afeku makes it to Cabinet |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Arts-Minister-Catherine-Afeku-makes-it-to-Cabinet-542839 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731025902/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Arts-Minister-Catherine-Afeku-makes-it-to-Cabinet-542839 |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=7 July 2017 |website= |publisher=ghanaweb}}&lt;/ref&gt; The names of that 19 ministers were submitted to the Parliament of Ghana and announced by the Speaker of the House, Rt. Hon. Prof. Mike Ocquaye.&lt;ref name=&quot;carbi&quot; /&gt; As a Cabinet minister, Mavis Hawa Koomson is part of the inner circle of the president and is to aid in key decision-making activities in the country. She was appointed as the Minister for Fisheries and Aquaculture Development in 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-09-13 |title=Digitization of premix distribution; fishermen to access product with canoe ID cards |url=https://citibusinessnews.com/2021/09/digitization-of-premix-distribution-fishermen-to-access-product-with-canoe-id-cards/ |access-date=2021-09-15 |website=Citi Business News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2020 elections ===
In the 2020 Ghanaian general elections, she won the Awutu Senya East Constituency parliamentary seat with 57,114 votes making 52.6% of the total votes cast whilst the NDC parliamentary candidate Phillis Naa Koryoo Okunor had 51,561 votes making 47.5% of the total votes cast,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary Results for Awutu-senya East |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/ghanaelection2020/elections.constituency.results.php?mode=parliamentary&amp;ID=78 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=www.ghanaweb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; the GUM parliamentary candidate Hanson Ishmael Amuzu had 0 vote making 0.0% of the total votes cast, the CPP parliamentary candidate Addy Ishmael had 0 vote making 0.0% of the total votes cast, the GCPP parliamentary candidate Peter Kwao Lartey had 0 vote making 0.0% of the total votes cast and the UPP parliamentary candidate Mohammed Issah Al-Marzuque had 0 vote making 0.0% of the total votes cast.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=2020 Election - Awutu Senya East Constituency Results |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/awutu_senya_east/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160022/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/awutu_senya_east/ |archive-date=2022-11-26 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2024 Elections ===
In the 2024 Ghanaian general elections, Hawa Koomson lost to the NDC Parliamentary Candidate for the Awutu Senya East Constituency, Phyllis Naa Koryoo Okunor who secured 50,886 votes, representing 52.7%, while Hawa Koomson, garnered 45,638 votes, representing 47.3%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-08 |title=NDC's Naa Koryoo snatches Awutu Senya East seat from Hawa Koomson - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/ndcs-naa-koryoo-snatches-awutu-senya-east-seat-from-hawa-koomson/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Committee ===
Koomson be  member of the Business Committee.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314134706/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |archive-date=2024-03-14 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=parliament of ghana}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Controversy ==
In July 2020, Hawa Koomson breached security laws and fired gunshots into a crowd of citizens who were in the process of registering for the controversial voters ID card.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=NPP must sanction Hawa Koomson – Peace Council condemns Kasoa shooting |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/npp-must-sanction-hawa-koomson-peace-council-condemns-kasoa-shooting/ |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=MyJoyOnline. |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hawa Koomson: Minister fires gun at registration centre, 4 arrested |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/hawa-koomson-minister-fires-gun-at-registration-centre-4-arrested.html |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; This incident occurred in Kasoa. The Minister claimed she was informed of foreigners who had come from different towns to register in her constituency. She regarded this as a threat to her party's victory in the upcoming elections. The Minister claimed that the act was in self-defense because she felt threatened. She responded to the invitation of the CID of the police in the Central region.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hawa Koomson response to CID invitation |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-hawa-koomson-response-to-cid-invitation.html |access-date=2020-07-24 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-hawa-koomson-response-to-cid-invitation.html &quot;Hawa Koomson response to CID invitation&quot;]. ''Graphic Online''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-07-24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Her gun was retrieved by the Central Regional police. The license covering the weapon was also retrieved when she reported to the police in Cape Coast.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Police retrieve Hawa Koomson's gun |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-police-retrieve-hawa-koomson-s-gun.html |access-date=2020-07-25 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Personal life ==
She be Christian and don marry with three pikins.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Koomson, Hawa Mavis |url=http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=2595 |access-date=2016-09-15 |website=Ghana MPs}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314134706/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |archive-date=2024-03-14 |access-date=2024-07-28 |website=www.parliament.gh}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Philanthropy ==
She bring one yearly football tournament wey dem call Kasoa MP’s Cup for the youth inside her area.[25]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Mavis Hawa Koomson''' (born 3 February 1966) be a Ghanaian politician den educationist wey serve as a Member of de sixth, seventh den eighth Parliaments of de fourth republic of Ghana wey dey represent de Awutu Senya East Constituency insyd de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central region]] on de ticket of de [[New Patriotic Party|New Patriotic party]] (NPP).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/440537/list-of-the-29-women-in-parliament.html|title=LIST OF THE 29 WOMEN IN PARLIAMENT|last=Prince|first=Akpah|language=en-GB|accessdate=2016-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=NDC calls for arrest of 'gangster' Hawa Koomson |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/ndc-calls-for-arrest-of-gangster-hawa-koomson/ |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=MyJoyOnline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=Your actions will have 'collateral implications' - Baako roasts Hawa Koomson |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Your-actions-will-have-collateral-implications-Baako-roasts-Hawa-Koomson-1013866 |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=ghanaweb. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Knocks for Ghana female lawmaker wey fire gunshot for voter registration centre - Read wetin we know about Hawa|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-53484335|access-date=2020-07-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; She be appointed by [[President of Ghana]] [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Akuffo-Addo]] on 10 January 2017 as Minister of Special Development Initiatives.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php|title=Profile of Hon Mavis Hawa Koomson, Minister-Designate For Special Development Initiative|last=Online|first=Peace FM|access-date=2018-10-18|archive-date=2022-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160947/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fire Hawa Koomson over gunshot - Bonaa tells Nana Addo|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-fire-hawa-koomson-over-gunshot-bonaa-tells-nana-addo.html|access-date=2020-07-23|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hawa Koomson response to CID invitation|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-hawa-koomson-response-to-cid-invitation.html|access-date=2020-07-24|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mavis Hawa Koomson dey advocate for women's empowerment, education, den healthcare. She sanso be involved insyd initiatives to promote fisheries den aquaculture development insyd Ghana.
== Early life den education ==
Koomson dey hail from Salaga insyd de [[Savannah Region]] of Ghana wey na dem born am on 3 February 1966.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pulse |title=Mavis Hawa Koomson |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson-id5364017.html |access-date=2018-10-18 |website=pulse ghana |language=en-US |archive-date=2018-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018161851/https://www.pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson-id5364017.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; She get ein training college education at de Bimbilla Training College.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Profile of Hon Mavis Hawa Koomson, Minister-Designate For Special Development Initiative |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Peacefmonline- Ghana news |archive-date=2022-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160947/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; She dey hold a diploma den a bachelor's degree insyd Basic Education from de [[University of Education, Winneba|University Education Winneba]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pulse |title=Mavis Hawa Koomson - Mavis Hawa Koomson - Pulse |url=http://pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson |accessdate=2016-09-15 |website=pulse ghana |archive-date=2016-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011140409/http://pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; She earn a master's degree, postgraduate diploma insyd public administration (CPA) den postgraduate diploma insyd public administration (DPA) from [[Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration|Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA)]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mavis Hawa Koomson –Special Development Initiatives - Government of Ghana |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/60-ministers/3445-mavis-hawa-koomson-special-development-initiatives |access-date=2018-10-18 |website=Government of Ghana |language=en-gb |archive-date=2019-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724021440/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/60-ministers/3445-mavis-hawa-koomson-special-development-initiatives |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghana |first=ICT Dept. Office of Parliament |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=64 |access-date=2018-10-18 |website=parliament of ghana |archive-date=2022-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126221932/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=64 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Career ==
Koomson be a teacher by profession, wey dey occupy various positions wey dey include head teacher, assistant superintendent den Principal superintendent.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghanaweb |title=I  was a professional teacher for 21 years – Hawa Koomson tells Parliament |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/I-was-a-professional-teacher-for-21-years-Hawa-Koomson-tells-Parliament-1184827?gallery=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; She sanso be president of Gender Unit of de Ghana National Association of Teachers Ladies Association (GNATLAS) Sekondi local, treasurer for GNATLAS (Western Region) den secretary for GNATLAS (Takoradi local).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
== Politics ==
Koomson be member for New Patriotic Party. She be former MP for Awutu Senya East Constituency inside Central Region for Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=parliament of ghana|archive-date=2024-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314134706/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cabinet minister ===
Insyd May 2017, President Nana Akufo-Addo name Mavis Hawa Koomson as part of nineteen ministers wey go form ein cabinet.&lt;ref name=&quot;carbi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Citi |title=Arts Minister Catherine Afeku makes it to Cabinet |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Arts-Minister-Catherine-Afeku-makes-it-to-Cabinet-542839 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731025902/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Arts-Minister-Catherine-Afeku-makes-it-to-Cabinet-542839 |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=7 July 2017 |website= |publisher=ghanaweb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na dem submit de names of dat 19 ministers to de Parliament of Ghana wey de Speaker of de House, Rt. Hon. Prof. Mike Ocquaye announce am.&lt;ref name=&quot;carbi&quot; /&gt; As a Cabinet minister, Mavis Hawa Koomson be part of de inner circle of de president wey she be to aid in key decision-making activities insyd de country. Dem appoint am as de Minister for Fisheries and Aquaculture Development insyd 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-09-13 |title=Digitization of premix distribution; fishermen to access product with canoe ID cards |url=https://citibusinessnews.com/2021/09/digitization-of-premix-distribution-fishermen-to-access-product-with-canoe-id-cards/ |access-date=2021-09-15 |website=Citi Business News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2020 elections ===
Insyd de 2020 Ghanaian general elections, she win de Awutu Senya East Constituency parliamentary seat plus 57,114 votes wey dey make 52.6% of de total votes cast whilst de [[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|NDC]] parliamentary candidate Phillis Naa Koryoo Okunor get 51,561 votes wey dey make 47.5% of tde total votes cast,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary Results for Awutu-senya East |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/ghanaelection2020/elections.constituency.results.php?mode=parliamentary&amp;ID=78 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=www.ghanaweb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; de GUM parliamentary candidate Hanson Ishmael Amuzu get 0 vote wey dey make 0.0% of de total votes cast, de CPP parliamentary candidate Addy Ishmael get 0 vote wey dey make 0.0% of de total votes cast, de GCPP parliamentary candidate Peter Kwao Lartey get 0 vote wey dey make 0.0% of de total votes cast den de UPP parliamentary candidate Mohammed Issah Al-Marzuque get 0 vote wey dey make 0.0% of de total votes cast.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=2020 Election - Awutu Senya East Constituency Results |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/awutu_senya_east/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160022/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/awutu_senya_east/ |archive-date=2022-11-26 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2024 Elections ===
Insyd de 2024 Ghanaian general elections, Hawa Koomson loose to de NDC Parliamentary Candidate for de Awutu Senya East Constituency, Phyllis Naa Koryoo Okunor wey secure 50,886 votes, wey dey represent 52.7%, while Hawa Koomson, garner 45,638 votes, wey dey represent 47.3%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-08 |title=NDC's Naa Koryoo snatches Awutu Senya East seat from Hawa Koomson - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/ndcs-naa-koryoo-snatches-awutu-senya-east-seat-from-hawa-koomson/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Committee ===
Koomson be member of de Business Committee.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt;

== Controversy ==
In July 2020, Hawa Koomson breached security laws and fired gunshots into a crowd of citizens who were in the process of registering for the controversial voters ID card.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=NPP must sanction Hawa Koomson – Peace Council condemns Kasoa shooting |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/npp-must-sanction-hawa-koomson-peace-council-condemns-kasoa-shooting/ |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=MyJoyOnline. |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hawa Koomson: Minister fires gun at registration centre, 4 arrested |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/hawa-koomson-minister-fires-gun-at-registration-centre-4-arrested.html |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; This incident occurred in Kasoa. The Minister claimed she was informed of foreigners who had come from different towns to register in her constituency. She regarded this as a threat to her party's victory in the upcoming elections. The Minister claimed that the act was in self-defense because she felt threatened. She responded to the invitation of the CID of the police in the Central region.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hawa Koomson response to CID invitation |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-hawa-koomson-response-to-cid-invitation.html |access-date=2020-07-24 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-hawa-koomson-response-to-cid-invitation.html &quot;Hawa Koomson response to CID invitation&quot;]. ''Graphic Online''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-07-24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Her gun was retrieved by the Central Regional police. The license covering the weapon was also retrieved when she reported to the police in Cape Coast.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Police retrieve Hawa Koomson's gun |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-police-retrieve-hawa-koomson-s-gun.html |access-date=2020-07-25 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Personal life ==
She be Christian and don marry with three pikins.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Koomson, Hawa Mavis |url=http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=2595 |access-date=2016-09-15 |website=Ghana MPs}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314134706/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |archive-date=2024-03-14 |access-date=2024-07-28 |website=www.parliament.gh}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Philanthropy ==
She bring one yearly football tournament wey dem call Kasoa MP’s Cup for the youth inside her area.[25]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Mavis Hawa Koomson''' (born 3 February 1966) be a Ghanaian politician den educationist wey serve as a Member of de sixth, seventh den eighth Parliaments of de fourth republic of Ghana wey dey represent de Awutu Senya East Constituency insyd de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central region]] on de ticket of de [[New Patriotic Party|New Patriotic party]] (NPP).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/440537/list-of-the-29-women-in-parliament.html|title=LIST OF THE 29 WOMEN IN PARLIAMENT|last=Prince|first=Akpah|language=en-GB|accessdate=2016-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=NDC calls for arrest of 'gangster' Hawa Koomson |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/ndc-calls-for-arrest-of-gangster-hawa-koomson/ |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=MyJoyOnline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=Your actions will have 'collateral implications' - Baako roasts Hawa Koomson |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Your-actions-will-have-collateral-implications-Baako-roasts-Hawa-Koomson-1013866 |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=ghanaweb. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Knocks for Ghana female lawmaker wey fire gunshot for voter registration centre - Read wetin we know about Hawa|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-53484335|access-date=2020-07-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; She be appointed by [[President of Ghana]] [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Akuffo-Addo]] on 10 January 2017 as Minister of Special Development Initiatives.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php|title=Profile of Hon Mavis Hawa Koomson, Minister-Designate For Special Development Initiative|last=Online|first=Peace FM|access-date=2018-10-18|archive-date=2022-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160947/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fire Hawa Koomson over gunshot - Bonaa tells Nana Addo|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-fire-hawa-koomson-over-gunshot-bonaa-tells-nana-addo.html|access-date=2020-07-23|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hawa Koomson response to CID invitation|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-hawa-koomson-response-to-cid-invitation.html|access-date=2020-07-24|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mavis Hawa Koomson dey advocate for women's empowerment, education, den healthcare. She sanso be involved insyd initiatives to promote fisheries den aquaculture development insyd Ghana.
== Early life den education ==
Koomson dey hail from Salaga insyd de [[Savannah Region]] of Ghana wey na dem born am on 3 February 1966.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pulse |title=Mavis Hawa Koomson |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson-id5364017.html |access-date=2018-10-18 |website=pulse ghana |language=en-US |archive-date=2018-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018161851/https://www.pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson-id5364017.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; She get ein training college education at de Bimbilla Training College.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Profile of Hon Mavis Hawa Koomson, Minister-Designate For Special Development Initiative |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Peacefmonline- Ghana news |archive-date=2022-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160947/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; She dey hold a diploma den a bachelor's degree insyd Basic Education from de [[University of Education, Winneba|University Education Winneba]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pulse |title=Mavis Hawa Koomson - Mavis Hawa Koomson - Pulse |url=http://pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson |accessdate=2016-09-15 |website=pulse ghana |archive-date=2016-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011140409/http://pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; She earn a master's degree, postgraduate diploma insyd public administration (CPA) den postgraduate diploma insyd public administration (DPA) from [[Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration|Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA)]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mavis Hawa Koomson –Special Development Initiatives - Government of Ghana |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/60-ministers/3445-mavis-hawa-koomson-special-development-initiatives |access-date=2018-10-18 |website=Government of Ghana |language=en-gb |archive-date=2019-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724021440/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/60-ministers/3445-mavis-hawa-koomson-special-development-initiatives |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghana |first=ICT Dept. Office of Parliament |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=64 |access-date=2018-10-18 |website=parliament of ghana |archive-date=2022-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126221932/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=64 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Career ==
Koomson be a teacher by profession, wey dey occupy various positions wey dey include head teacher, assistant superintendent den Principal superintendent.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghanaweb |title=I  was a professional teacher for 21 years – Hawa Koomson tells Parliament |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/I-was-a-professional-teacher-for-21-years-Hawa-Koomson-tells-Parliament-1184827?gallery=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; She sanso be president of Gender Unit of de Ghana National Association of Teachers Ladies Association (GNATLAS) Sekondi local, treasurer for GNATLAS (Western Region) den secretary for GNATLAS (Takoradi local).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
== Politics ==
Koomson be member for New Patriotic Party. She be former MP for Awutu Senya East Constituency insyd Central Region for Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=parliament of ghana|archive-date=2024-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314134706/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cabinet minister ===
Insyd May 2017, President Nana Akufo-Addo name Mavis Hawa Koomson as part of nineteen ministers wey go form ein cabinet.&lt;ref name=&quot;carbi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Citi |title=Arts Minister Catherine Afeku makes it to Cabinet |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Arts-Minister-Catherine-Afeku-makes-it-to-Cabinet-542839 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731025902/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Arts-Minister-Catherine-Afeku-makes-it-to-Cabinet-542839 |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=7 July 2017 |website= |publisher=ghanaweb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na dem submit de names of dat 19 ministers to de Parliament of Ghana wey de Speaker of de House, Rt. Hon. Prof. Mike Ocquaye announce am.&lt;ref name=&quot;carbi&quot; /&gt; As a Cabinet minister, Mavis Hawa Koomson be part of de inner circle of de president wey she be to aid in key decision-making activities insyd de country. Dem appoint am as de Minister for Fisheries and Aquaculture Development insyd 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-09-13 |title=Digitization of premix distribution; fishermen to access product with canoe ID cards |url=https://citibusinessnews.com/2021/09/digitization-of-premix-distribution-fishermen-to-access-product-with-canoe-id-cards/ |access-date=2021-09-15 |website=Citi Business News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2020 elections ===
Insyd de 2020 Ghanaian general elections, she win de Awutu Senya East Constituency parliamentary seat plus 57,114 votes wey dey make 52.6% of de total votes cast whilst de [[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|NDC]] parliamentary candidate Phillis Naa Koryoo Okunor get 51,561 votes wey dey make 47.5% of tde total votes cast,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary Results for Awutu-senya East |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/ghanaelection2020/elections.constituency.results.php?mode=parliamentary&amp;ID=78 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=www.ghanaweb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; de GUM parliamentary candidate Hanson Ishmael Amuzu get 0 vote wey dey make 0.0% of de total votes cast, de CPP parliamentary candidate Addy Ishmael get 0 vote wey dey make 0.0% of de total votes cast, de GCPP parliamentary candidate Peter Kwao Lartey get 0 vote wey dey make 0.0% of de total votes cast den de UPP parliamentary candidate Mohammed Issah Al-Marzuque get 0 vote wey dey make 0.0% of de total votes cast.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=2020 Election - Awutu Senya East Constituency Results |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/awutu_senya_east/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160022/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/awutu_senya_east/ |archive-date=2022-11-26 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2024 Elections ===
Insyd de 2024 Ghanaian general elections, Hawa Koomson loose to de NDC Parliamentary Candidate for de Awutu Senya East Constituency, Phyllis Naa Koryoo Okunor wey secure 50,886 votes, wey dey represent 52.7%, while Hawa Koomson, garner 45,638 votes, wey dey represent 47.3%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-08 |title=NDC's Naa Koryoo snatches Awutu Senya East seat from Hawa Koomson - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/ndcs-naa-koryoo-snatches-awutu-senya-east-seat-from-hawa-koomson/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Committee ===
Koomson be member of de Business Committee.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt;

== Controversy ==
Insyd July 2020, Hawa Koomson breach security laws wey she fire gunshots into a crowd of citizens wey insyd de process of registering for de controversial voters ID card.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=NPP must sanction Hawa Koomson – Peace Council condemns Kasoa shooting |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/npp-must-sanction-hawa-koomson-peace-council-condemns-kasoa-shooting/ |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=MyJoyOnline. |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hawa Koomson: Minister fires gun at registration centre, 4 arrested|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/hawa-koomson-minister-fires-gun-at-registration-centre-4-arrested.html|access-date=2020-07-23|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dis incident occur insyd Kasoa. De Minister claim dem inform am of foreigners wey cam from different towns to register insyd ein constituency. She regard dis as a threat to ein party ein victory insyd de upcoming elections. De Minister claim say de act be in self-defense secof she feel threatened. She respond to de invitation of de CID of de police insyd de Central region.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Dem retrieve ein gun by de Central Regional police. Dem sanso retrieve de license wey dey cover de weapon wen she report to de police insyd [[Cape Coast]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Police retrieve Hawa Koomson's gun|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-police-retrieve-hawa-koomson-s-gun.html|access-date=2020-07-25|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Personal life ==
She be Christian and don marry with three pikins.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Koomson, Hawa Mavis |url=http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=2595 |access-date=2016-09-15 |website=Ghana MPs}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314134706/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |archive-date=2024-03-14 |access-date=2024-07-28 |website=www.parliament.gh}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Philanthropy ==
She bring one yearly football tournament wey dem call Kasoa MP’s Cup for the youth inside her area.[25]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Mavis Hawa Koomson''' (born 3 February 1966) be a Ghanaian politician den educationist wey serve as a Member of de sixth, seventh den eighth Parliaments of de fourth republic of Ghana wey dey represent de Awutu Senya East Constituency insyd de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central region]] on de ticket of de [[New Patriotic Party|New Patriotic party]] (NPP).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/440537/list-of-the-29-women-in-parliament.html|title=LIST OF THE 29 WOMEN IN PARLIAMENT|last=Prince|first=Akpah|language=en-GB|accessdate=2016-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=NDC calls for arrest of 'gangster' Hawa Koomson |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/ndc-calls-for-arrest-of-gangster-hawa-koomson/ |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=MyJoyOnline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=Your actions will have 'collateral implications' - Baako roasts Hawa Koomson |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Your-actions-will-have-collateral-implications-Baako-roasts-Hawa-Koomson-1013866 |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=ghanaweb. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Knocks for Ghana female lawmaker wey fire gunshot for voter registration centre - Read wetin we know about Hawa|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-53484335|access-date=2020-07-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; She be appointed by [[President of Ghana]] [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Akuffo-Addo]] on 10 January 2017 as Minister of Special Development Initiatives.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php|title=Profile of Hon Mavis Hawa Koomson, Minister-Designate For Special Development Initiative|last=Online|first=Peace FM|access-date=2018-10-18|archive-date=2022-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160947/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fire Hawa Koomson over gunshot - Bonaa tells Nana Addo|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-fire-hawa-koomson-over-gunshot-bonaa-tells-nana-addo.html|access-date=2020-07-23|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hawa Koomson response to CID invitation|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-hawa-koomson-response-to-cid-invitation.html|access-date=2020-07-24|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mavis Hawa Koomson dey advocate for women's empowerment, education, den healthcare. She sanso be involved insyd initiatives to promote fisheries den aquaculture development insyd Ghana.
== Early life den education ==
Koomson dey hail from Salaga insyd de [[Savannah Region]] of Ghana wey na dem born am on 3 February 1966.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pulse |title=Mavis Hawa Koomson |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson-id5364017.html |access-date=2018-10-18 |website=pulse ghana |language=en-US |archive-date=2018-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018161851/https://www.pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson-id5364017.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; She get ein training college education at de Bimbilla Training College.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Profile of Hon Mavis Hawa Koomson, Minister-Designate For Special Development Initiative |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Peacefmonline- Ghana news |archive-date=2022-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160947/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; She dey hold a diploma den a bachelor's degree insyd Basic Education from de [[University of Education, Winneba|University Education Winneba]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pulse |title=Mavis Hawa Koomson - Mavis Hawa Koomson - Pulse |url=http://pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson |accessdate=2016-09-15 |website=pulse ghana |archive-date=2016-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011140409/http://pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; She earn a master's degree, postgraduate diploma insyd public administration (CPA) den postgraduate diploma insyd public administration (DPA) from [[Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration|Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA)]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mavis Hawa Koomson –Special Development Initiatives - Government of Ghana |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/60-ministers/3445-mavis-hawa-koomson-special-development-initiatives |access-date=2018-10-18 |website=Government of Ghana |language=en-gb |archive-date=2019-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724021440/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/60-ministers/3445-mavis-hawa-koomson-special-development-initiatives |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghana |first=ICT Dept. Office of Parliament |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=64 |access-date=2018-10-18 |website=parliament of ghana |archive-date=2022-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126221932/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=64 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Career ==
Koomson be a teacher by profession, wey dey occupy various positions wey dey include head teacher, assistant superintendent den Principal superintendent.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghanaweb |title=I  was a professional teacher for 21 years – Hawa Koomson tells Parliament |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/I-was-a-professional-teacher-for-21-years-Hawa-Koomson-tells-Parliament-1184827?gallery=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; She sanso be president of Gender Unit of de Ghana National Association of Teachers Ladies Association (GNATLAS) Sekondi local, treasurer for GNATLAS (Western Region) den secretary for GNATLAS (Takoradi local).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
== Politics ==
Koomson be member for New Patriotic Party. She be former MP for Awutu Senya East Constituency insyd Central Region for Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=parliament of ghana|archive-date=2024-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314134706/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cabinet minister ===
Insyd May 2017, President Nana Akufo-Addo name Mavis Hawa Koomson as part of nineteen ministers wey go form ein cabinet.&lt;ref name=&quot;carbi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Citi |title=Arts Minister Catherine Afeku makes it to Cabinet |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Arts-Minister-Catherine-Afeku-makes-it-to-Cabinet-542839 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731025902/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Arts-Minister-Catherine-Afeku-makes-it-to-Cabinet-542839 |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=7 July 2017 |website= |publisher=ghanaweb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na dem submit de names of dat 19 ministers to de Parliament of Ghana wey de Speaker of de House, Rt. Hon. Prof. Mike Ocquaye announce am.&lt;ref name=&quot;carbi&quot; /&gt; As a Cabinet minister, Mavis Hawa Koomson be part of de inner circle of de president wey she be to aid in key decision-making activities insyd de country. Dem appoint am as de Minister for Fisheries and Aquaculture Development insyd 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-09-13 |title=Digitization of premix distribution; fishermen to access product with canoe ID cards |url=https://citibusinessnews.com/2021/09/digitization-of-premix-distribution-fishermen-to-access-product-with-canoe-id-cards/ |access-date=2021-09-15 |website=Citi Business News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2020 elections ===
Insyd de 2020 Ghanaian general elections, she win de Awutu Senya East Constituency parliamentary seat plus 57,114 votes wey dey make 52.6% of de total votes cast whilst de [[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|NDC]] parliamentary candidate Phillis Naa Koryoo Okunor get 51,561 votes wey dey make 47.5% of tde total votes cast,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary Results for Awutu-senya East |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/ghanaelection2020/elections.constituency.results.php?mode=parliamentary&amp;ID=78 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=www.ghanaweb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; de GUM parliamentary candidate Hanson Ishmael Amuzu get 0 vote wey dey make 0.0% of de total votes cast, de CPP parliamentary candidate Addy Ishmael get 0 vote wey dey make 0.0% of de total votes cast, de GCPP parliamentary candidate Peter Kwao Lartey get 0 vote wey dey make 0.0% of de total votes cast den de UPP parliamentary candidate Mohammed Issah Al-Marzuque get 0 vote wey dey make 0.0% of de total votes cast.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=2020 Election - Awutu Senya East Constituency Results |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/awutu_senya_east/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160022/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/awutu_senya_east/ |archive-date=2022-11-26 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2024 Elections ===
Insyd de 2024 Ghanaian general elections, Hawa Koomson loose to de NDC Parliamentary Candidate for de Awutu Senya East Constituency, Phyllis Naa Koryoo Okunor wey secure 50,886 votes, wey dey represent 52.7%, while Hawa Koomson, garner 45,638 votes, wey dey represent 47.3%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-08 |title=NDC's Naa Koryoo snatches Awutu Senya East seat from Hawa Koomson - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/ndcs-naa-koryoo-snatches-awutu-senya-east-seat-from-hawa-koomson/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Committee ===
Koomson be member of de Business Committee.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt;

== Controversy ==
Insyd July 2020, Hawa Koomson breach security laws wey she fire gunshots into a crowd of citizens wey insyd de process of registering for de controversial voters ID card.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=NPP must sanction Hawa Koomson – Peace Council condemns Kasoa shooting |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/npp-must-sanction-hawa-koomson-peace-council-condemns-kasoa-shooting/ |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=MyJoyOnline. |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hawa Koomson: Minister fires gun at registration centre, 4 arrested|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/hawa-koomson-minister-fires-gun-at-registration-centre-4-arrested.html|access-date=2020-07-23|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dis incident occur insyd Kasoa. De Minister claim dem inform am of foreigners wey cam from different towns to register insyd ein constituency. She regard dis as a threat to ein party ein victory insyd de upcoming elections. De Minister claim say de act be in self-defense secof she feel threatened. She respond to de invitation of de CID of de police insyd de Central region.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Dem retrieve ein gun by de Central Regional police. Dem sanso retrieve de license wey dey cover de weapon wen she report to de police insyd [[Cape Coast]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Police retrieve Hawa Koomson's gun|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-police-retrieve-hawa-koomson-s-gun.html|access-date=2020-07-25|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Personal life ==
She be a Christian wey she marry plus three kiddies.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Koomson, Hawa Mavis |url=http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=2595 |accessdate=2016-09-15 |website=Ghana MPs}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |access-date=2024-07-28 |website=www.parliament.gh |archive-date=2024-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314134706/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Philanthropy ==
She bring one yearly football tournament wey dem call Kasoa MP’s Cup for the youth inside her area.[25]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Mavis Hawa Koomson''' (born 3 February 1966) be a Ghanaian politician den educationist wey serve as a Member of de sixth, seventh den eighth Parliaments of de fourth republic of Ghana wey dey represent de Awutu Senya East Constituency insyd de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central region]] on de ticket of de [[New Patriotic Party|New Patriotic party]] (NPP).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/440537/list-of-the-29-women-in-parliament.html|title=LIST OF THE 29 WOMEN IN PARLIAMENT|last=Prince|first=Akpah|language=en-GB|accessdate=2016-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=NDC calls for arrest of 'gangster' Hawa Koomson |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/ndc-calls-for-arrest-of-gangster-hawa-koomson/ |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=MyJoyOnline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=Your actions will have 'collateral implications' - Baako roasts Hawa Koomson |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Your-actions-will-have-collateral-implications-Baako-roasts-Hawa-Koomson-1013866 |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=ghanaweb. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Knocks for Ghana female lawmaker wey fire gunshot for voter registration centre - Read wetin we know about Hawa|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-53484335|access-date=2020-07-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; She be appointed by [[President of Ghana]] [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Akuffo-Addo]] on 10 January 2017 as Minister of Special Development Initiatives.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php|title=Profile of Hon Mavis Hawa Koomson, Minister-Designate For Special Development Initiative|last=Online|first=Peace FM|access-date=2018-10-18|archive-date=2022-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160947/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fire Hawa Koomson over gunshot - Bonaa tells Nana Addo|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-fire-hawa-koomson-over-gunshot-bonaa-tells-nana-addo.html|access-date=2020-07-23|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hawa Koomson response to CID invitation|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-hawa-koomson-response-to-cid-invitation.html|access-date=2020-07-24|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mavis Hawa Koomson dey advocate for women's empowerment, education, den healthcare. She sanso be involved insyd initiatives to promote fisheries den aquaculture development insyd Ghana.
== Early life den education ==
Koomson dey hail from Salaga insyd de [[Savannah Region]] of Ghana wey na dem born am on 3 February 1966.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pulse |title=Mavis Hawa Koomson |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson-id5364017.html |access-date=2018-10-18 |website=pulse ghana |language=en-US |archive-date=2018-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018161851/https://www.pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson-id5364017.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; She get ein training college education at de Bimbilla Training College.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Profile of Hon Mavis Hawa Koomson, Minister-Designate For Special Development Initiative |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Peacefmonline- Ghana news |archive-date=2022-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160947/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; She dey hold a diploma den a bachelor's degree insyd Basic Education from de [[University of Education, Winneba|University Education Winneba]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pulse |title=Mavis Hawa Koomson - Mavis Hawa Koomson - Pulse |url=http://pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson |accessdate=2016-09-15 |website=pulse ghana |archive-date=2016-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011140409/http://pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; She earn a master's degree, postgraduate diploma insyd public administration (CPA) den postgraduate diploma insyd public administration (DPA) from [[Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration|Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA)]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mavis Hawa Koomson –Special Development Initiatives - Government of Ghana |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/60-ministers/3445-mavis-hawa-koomson-special-development-initiatives |access-date=2018-10-18 |website=Government of Ghana |language=en-gb |archive-date=2019-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724021440/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/60-ministers/3445-mavis-hawa-koomson-special-development-initiatives |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghana |first=ICT Dept. Office of Parliament |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=64 |access-date=2018-10-18 |website=parliament of ghana |archive-date=2022-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126221932/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=64 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Career ==
Koomson be a teacher by profession, wey dey occupy various positions wey dey include head teacher, assistant superintendent den Principal superintendent.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghanaweb |title=I  was a professional teacher for 21 years – Hawa Koomson tells Parliament |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/I-was-a-professional-teacher-for-21-years-Hawa-Koomson-tells-Parliament-1184827?gallery=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; She sanso be president of Gender Unit of de Ghana National Association of Teachers Ladies Association (GNATLAS) Sekondi local, treasurer for GNATLAS (Western Region) den secretary for GNATLAS (Takoradi local).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
== Politics ==
Koomson be member for New Patriotic Party. She be former MP for Awutu Senya East Constituency insyd Central Region for Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=parliament of ghana|archive-date=2024-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314134706/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cabinet minister ===
Insyd May 2017, President Nana Akufo-Addo name Mavis Hawa Koomson as part of nineteen ministers wey go form ein cabinet.&lt;ref name=&quot;carbi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Citi |title=Arts Minister Catherine Afeku makes it to Cabinet |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Arts-Minister-Catherine-Afeku-makes-it-to-Cabinet-542839 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731025902/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Arts-Minister-Catherine-Afeku-makes-it-to-Cabinet-542839 |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=7 July 2017 |website= |publisher=ghanaweb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na dem submit de names of dat 19 ministers to de Parliament of Ghana wey de Speaker of de House, Rt. Hon. Prof. Mike Ocquaye announce am.&lt;ref name=&quot;carbi&quot; /&gt; As a Cabinet minister, Mavis Hawa Koomson be part of de inner circle of de president wey she be to aid in key decision-making activities insyd de country. Dem appoint am as de Minister for Fisheries and Aquaculture Development insyd 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-09-13 |title=Digitization of premix distribution; fishermen to access product with canoe ID cards |url=https://citibusinessnews.com/2021/09/digitization-of-premix-distribution-fishermen-to-access-product-with-canoe-id-cards/ |access-date=2021-09-15 |website=Citi Business News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2020 elections ===
Insyd de 2020 Ghanaian general elections, she win de Awutu Senya East Constituency parliamentary seat plus 57,114 votes wey dey make 52.6% of de total votes cast whilst de [[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|NDC]] parliamentary candidate Phillis Naa Koryoo Okunor get 51,561 votes wey dey make 47.5% of tde total votes cast,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary Results for Awutu-senya East |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/ghanaelection2020/elections.constituency.results.php?mode=parliamentary&amp;ID=78 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=www.ghanaweb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; de GUM parliamentary candidate Hanson Ishmael Amuzu get 0 vote wey dey make 0.0% of de total votes cast, de CPP parliamentary candidate Addy Ishmael get 0 vote wey dey make 0.0% of de total votes cast, de GCPP parliamentary candidate Peter Kwao Lartey get 0 vote wey dey make 0.0% of de total votes cast den de UPP parliamentary candidate Mohammed Issah Al-Marzuque get 0 vote wey dey make 0.0% of de total votes cast.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=2020 Election - Awutu Senya East Constituency Results |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/awutu_senya_east/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160022/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/awutu_senya_east/ |archive-date=2022-11-26 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2024 Elections ===
Insyd de 2024 Ghanaian general elections, Hawa Koomson loose to de NDC Parliamentary Candidate for de Awutu Senya East Constituency, Phyllis Naa Koryoo Okunor wey secure 50,886 votes, wey dey represent 52.7%, while Hawa Koomson, garner 45,638 votes, wey dey represent 47.3%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-08 |title=NDC's Naa Koryoo snatches Awutu Senya East seat from Hawa Koomson - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/ndcs-naa-koryoo-snatches-awutu-senya-east-seat-from-hawa-koomson/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Committee ===
Koomson be member of de Business Committee.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt;

== Controversy ==
Insyd July 2020, Hawa Koomson breach security laws wey she fire gunshots into a crowd of citizens wey insyd de process of registering for de controversial voters ID card.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=NPP must sanction Hawa Koomson – Peace Council condemns Kasoa shooting |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/npp-must-sanction-hawa-koomson-peace-council-condemns-kasoa-shooting/ |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=MyJoyOnline. |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hawa Koomson: Minister fires gun at registration centre, 4 arrested|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/hawa-koomson-minister-fires-gun-at-registration-centre-4-arrested.html|access-date=2020-07-23|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dis incident occur insyd Kasoa. De Minister claim dem inform am of foreigners wey cam from different towns to register insyd ein constituency. She regard dis as a threat to ein party ein victory insyd de upcoming elections. De Minister claim say de act be in self-defense secof she feel threatened. She respond to de invitation of de CID of de police insyd de Central region.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Dem retrieve ein gun by de Central Regional police. Dem sanso retrieve de license wey dey cover de weapon wen she report to de police insyd [[Cape Coast]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Police retrieve Hawa Koomson's gun|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-police-retrieve-hawa-koomson-s-gun.html|access-date=2020-07-25|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Personal life ==
She be a Christian wey she marry plus three kiddies.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Koomson, Hawa Mavis |url=http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=2595 |accessdate=2016-09-15 |website=Ghana MPs}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |access-date=2024-07-28 |website=www.parliament.gh |archive-date=2024-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314134706/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Philanthropy ==
She introduce an annual soccer competition dem dub de Kasoa MP's Cup among de youth insyd ein constituency.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-09-27 |title=Hawa Koomson opens Kasoa Championship - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/hawa-koomson-opens-kasoa-championship/ |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Myjoyonline. |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Insyd 2021, Hawa Koomson construct a church hall give de Bethel Methodist Church insyd Kasoa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2021-09-22 |title=Hawa Koomson hands over church hall to Kasoa Bethel Methodist Church |url=https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/hawa-koomson-hands-over-church-hall-to-kasoa-bethel-methodist-church/ |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Ghanaian Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== References ==
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Mavis Hawa Koomson''' (born 3 February 1966) be a Ghanaian politician den educationist wey serve as a Member of de sixth, seventh den eighth Parliaments of de fourth republic of Ghana wey dey represent de Awutu Senya East Constituency insyd de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central region]] on de ticket of de [[New Patriotic Party|New Patriotic party]] (NPP).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/440537/list-of-the-29-women-in-parliament.html|title=LIST OF THE 29 WOMEN IN PARLIAMENT|last=Prince|first=Akpah|language=en-GB|accessdate=2016-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=NDC calls for arrest of 'gangster' Hawa Koomson |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/ndc-calls-for-arrest-of-gangster-hawa-koomson/ |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=MyJoyOnline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=Your actions will have 'collateral implications' - Baako roasts Hawa Koomson |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Your-actions-will-have-collateral-implications-Baako-roasts-Hawa-Koomson-1013866 |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=ghanaweb. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Knocks for Ghana female lawmaker wey fire gunshot for voter registration centre - Read wetin we know about Hawa|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-53484335|access-date=2020-07-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; She be appointed by [[President of Ghana]] [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Akuffo-Addo]] on 10 January 2017 as Minister of Special Development Initiatives.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php|title=Profile of Hon Mavis Hawa Koomson, Minister-Designate For Special Development Initiative|last=Online|first=Peace FM|access-date=2018-10-18|archive-date=2022-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160947/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fire Hawa Koomson over gunshot - Bonaa tells Nana Addo|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-fire-hawa-koomson-over-gunshot-bonaa-tells-nana-addo.html|access-date=2020-07-23|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hawa Koomson response to CID invitation|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-hawa-koomson-response-to-cid-invitation.html|access-date=2020-07-24|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mavis Hawa Koomson dey advocate for women's empowerment, education, den healthcare. She sanso be involved insyd initiatives to promote fisheries den aquaculture development insyd Ghana.
== Early life den education ==
Koomson dey hail from Salaga insyd de [[Savannah Region]] of Ghana wey na dem born am on 3 February 1966.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pulse |title=Mavis Hawa Koomson |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson-id5364017.html |access-date=2018-10-18 |website=pulse ghana |language=en-US |archive-date=2018-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018161851/https://www.pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson-id5364017.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; She get ein training college education at de Bimbilla Training College.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Profile of Hon Mavis Hawa Koomson, Minister-Designate For Special Development Initiative |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Peacefmonline- Ghana news |archive-date=2022-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160947/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; She dey hold a diploma den a bachelor's degree insyd Basic Education from de [[University of Education, Winneba|University Education Winneba]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pulse |title=Mavis Hawa Koomson - Mavis Hawa Koomson - Pulse |url=http://pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson |accessdate=2016-09-15 |website=pulse ghana |archive-date=2016-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011140409/http://pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; She earn a master's degree, postgraduate diploma insyd public administration (CPA) den postgraduate diploma insyd public administration (DPA) from [[Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration|Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA)]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mavis Hawa Koomson –Special Development Initiatives - Government of Ghana |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/60-ministers/3445-mavis-hawa-koomson-special-development-initiatives |access-date=2018-10-18 |website=Government of Ghana |language=en-gb |archive-date=2019-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724021440/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/60-ministers/3445-mavis-hawa-koomson-special-development-initiatives |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghana |first=ICT Dept. Office of Parliament |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=64 |access-date=2018-10-18 |website=parliament of ghana |archive-date=2022-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126221932/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=64 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Career ==
Koomson be a teacher by profession, wey dey occupy various positions wey dey include head teacher, assistant superintendent den Principal superintendent.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghanaweb |title=I  was a professional teacher for 21 years – Hawa Koomson tells Parliament |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/I-was-a-professional-teacher-for-21-years-Hawa-Koomson-tells-Parliament-1184827?gallery=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; She sanso be president of Gender Unit of de Ghana National Association of Teachers Ladies Association (GNATLAS) Sekondi local, treasurer for GNATLAS (Western Region) den secretary for GNATLAS (Takoradi local).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
== Politics ==
Koomson be member for New Patriotic Party. She be former MP for Awutu Senya East Constituency insyd Central Region for Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=parliament of ghana|archive-date=2024-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314134706/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cabinet minister ===
Insyd May 2017, President Nana Akufo-Addo name Mavis Hawa Koomson as part of nineteen ministers wey go form ein cabinet.&lt;ref name=&quot;carbi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Citi |title=Arts Minister Catherine Afeku makes it to Cabinet |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Arts-Minister-Catherine-Afeku-makes-it-to-Cabinet-542839 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731025902/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Arts-Minister-Catherine-Afeku-makes-it-to-Cabinet-542839 |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=7 July 2017 |website= |publisher=ghanaweb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na dem submit de names of dat 19 ministers to de Parliament of Ghana wey de Speaker of de House, Rt. Hon. Prof. Mike Ocquaye announce am.&lt;ref name=&quot;carbi&quot; /&gt; As a Cabinet minister, Mavis Hawa Koomson be part of de inner circle of de president wey she be to aid in key decision-making activities insyd de country. Dem appoint am as de Minister for Fisheries and Aquaculture Development insyd 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-09-13 |title=Digitization of premix distribution; fishermen to access product with canoe ID cards |url=https://citibusinessnews.com/2021/09/digitization-of-premix-distribution-fishermen-to-access-product-with-canoe-id-cards/ |access-date=2021-09-15 |website=Citi Business News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2020 elections ===
Insyd de 2020 Ghanaian general elections, she win de Awutu Senya East Constituency parliamentary seat plus 57,114 votes wey dey make 52.6% of de total votes cast whilst de [[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|NDC]] parliamentary candidate Phillis Naa Koryoo Okunor get 51,561 votes wey dey make 47.5% of tde total votes cast,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary Results for Awutu-senya East |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/ghanaelection2020/elections.constituency.results.php?mode=parliamentary&amp;ID=78 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=www.ghanaweb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; de GUM parliamentary candidate Hanson Ishmael Amuzu get 0 vote wey dey make 0.0% of de total votes cast, de CPP parliamentary candidate Addy Ishmael get 0 vote wey dey make 0.0% of de total votes cast, de GCPP parliamentary candidate Peter Kwao Lartey get 0 vote wey dey make 0.0% of de total votes cast den de UPP parliamentary candidate Mohammed Issah Al-Marzuque get 0 vote wey dey make 0.0% of de total votes cast.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=2020 Election - Awutu Senya East Constituency Results |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/awutu_senya_east/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160022/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/awutu_senya_east/ |archive-date=2022-11-26 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2024 Elections ===
Insyd de 2024 Ghanaian general elections, Hawa Koomson loose to de NDC Parliamentary Candidate for de Awutu Senya East Constituency, Phyllis Naa Koryoo Okunor wey secure 50,886 votes, wey dey represent 52.7%, while Hawa Koomson, garner 45,638 votes, wey dey represent 47.3%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-08 |title=NDC's Naa Koryoo snatches Awutu Senya East seat from Hawa Koomson - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/ndcs-naa-koryoo-snatches-awutu-senya-east-seat-from-hawa-koomson/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Committee ===
Koomson be member of de Business Committee.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt;

== Controversy ==
Insyd July 2020, Hawa Koomson breach security laws wey she fire gunshots into a crowd of citizens wey insyd de process of registering for de controversial voters ID card.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=NPP must sanction Hawa Koomson – Peace Council condemns Kasoa shooting |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/npp-must-sanction-hawa-koomson-peace-council-condemns-kasoa-shooting/ |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=MyJoyOnline. |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hawa Koomson: Minister fires gun at registration centre, 4 arrested|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/hawa-koomson-minister-fires-gun-at-registration-centre-4-arrested.html|access-date=2020-07-23|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dis incident occur insyd Kasoa. De Minister claim dem inform am of foreigners wey cam from different towns to register insyd ein constituency. She regard dis as a threat to ein party ein victory insyd de upcoming elections. De Minister claim say de act be in self-defense secof she feel threatened. She respond to de invitation of de CID of de police insyd de Central region.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Dem retrieve ein gun by de Central Regional police. Dem sanso retrieve de license wey dey cover de weapon wen she report to de police insyd [[Cape Coast]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Police retrieve Hawa Koomson's gun|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-police-retrieve-hawa-koomson-s-gun.html|access-date=2020-07-25|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Personal life ==
She be a Christian wey she marry plus three kiddies.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Koomson, Hawa Mavis |url=http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=2595 |accessdate=2016-09-15 |website=Ghana MPs}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |access-date=2024-07-28 |website=www.parliament.gh |archive-date=2024-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314134706/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Philanthropy ==
She introduce an annual soccer competition dem dub de Kasoa MP's Cup among de youth insyd ein constituency.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-09-27 |title=Hawa Koomson opens Kasoa Championship - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/hawa-koomson-opens-kasoa-championship/ |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Myjoyonline. |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Insyd 2021, Hawa Koomson construct a church hall give de Bethel Methodist Church insyd Kasoa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2021-09-22 |title=Hawa Koomson hands over church hall to Kasoa Bethel Methodist Church |url=https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/hawa-koomson-hands-over-church-hall-to-kasoa-bethel-methodist-church/ |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Ghanaian Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Koomson, Mavis Hawa}}
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:Ghanaians]]
[[Category:Cabinet ministers of Ghana]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian women politicians]]
[[Category:Ghanaian MPs 2017–2021]]
[[Category:Women government ministers of Ghana]]
[[Category:Women members of de Parliament of Ghana]]
[[Category:New Patriotic Party politicians]]
[[Category:University of Education, Winneba alumni]]
[[Category:Ghanaian MPs 2021–2025]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Ghanaian educators]]
[[Category:Politicians wey komot Central Region (Ghana)]]
[[Category:Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration alumni]]
[[Category:People wey komot Savannah Region (Ghana)]]
[[Category:Ghanaian Christians]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gasmilla</title>
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      <text bytes="3586" sha1="kqrw4kkt7hywl9x56e5udv4q64339di" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Odartei Milla Lamptey''' (dem born am for December 15, 1984) dem know am popularly as '''Gasmilla''' anaa '''International Fisherman''', be Ghanaian Hiplife artist. Dem note am for ein hit songs ''Aboodatoi'' den ''Telemo'' ft. Capasta&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/615032/popular-ghanaian-high-life-artistes-gasmilla-and-adani-best.html &quot;Popular Ghanaian high-life artistes Gasmilla and Adani Best to perform at Hearts of Oak's CAF Confederation Cup clash with Djoliba&quot;]. ''Modern Ghana''. Retrieved 2023-02-07.&lt;/ref&gt; wey he create de Azonto Dance den Genre.&lt;ref&gt;Akpalu, Euphemia (15 April 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190228192341/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/April-15th/organizers-of-vgma-have-never-been-fair-to-me-gasmilla.php &quot;Organizers of VGMA have never been fair to me - Gasmilla&quot;]. myjoyonline. Retrieved 18 April 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150501212646/http://www.mtv.com/artists/gasmilla/biography/ &quot;About Gasmilla&quot;]. MTV Base. Archived from [http://www.mtv.com/artists/gasmilla/biography/ the original] on 1 May 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; He be Afro-pop singer den songwriter. Dem claim say dem recognize as de Vodafone Green Ambassador.&lt;ref&gt;[https://citinewsroom.com/2021/05/ama-partners-gasmilla-to-promote-good-sanitation-behaviour-in-accra/ &quot;AMA partners Gasmilla to promote good sanitation behaviour in Accra&quot;]. ''Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana''. 2021-05-12. Retrieved 2021-05-17.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Videography ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Year
!Title
!Director
!Ref
|-
|2016
|''Dumsor Baa'' &lt;small&gt;As featured artiste&lt;/small&gt;
|Teddy (5teven Films)
|&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160311143043/http://pulse.com.gh/music-videos/music-video-degree-dumsor-baa-feat-gasmilla-id4282382.html &quot;Music Video Degree - Dumsor Baa feat. Gasmilla&quot;]. ''Pulse.com.gh''. David Mawuli. 21 October 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2016
|''Red Lite'' &lt;small&gt;As featured artiste&lt;/small&gt;
|Snares Beats Projects den 5teven Films
|&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160311142146/http://pulse.com.gh/music-videos/watch-asaase-aban-makes-comeback-with-red-lite-music-video-featuring-gasmilla-id4281567.html &quot;Watch! Asaase Aban makes comeback with &quot;Red Lite&quot; music video featuring Gasmilla&quot;]. ''Pulse.com.gh''. David Mawuli. 21 October 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015
|''Fale Fale'' &lt;small&gt;Featuring All Stars&lt;/small&gt;
|Lex MacCarthy
|&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150905052009/http://pulse.com.gh/music-videos/music-video-gasmilla-fale-fale-feat-all-stars-id4135961.html &quot;Music Video Gasmilla - Fale Fale Feat. All Stars&quot;]. ''Pulse.com.gh''. David Mawuli. 4 September 2015. Retrieved 5 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Awards ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Year
!Organization
!Award
!Nominated Work
!Result
|-
|2020
|VGMA
|Vodafone Green Ambassador
|
|Win&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230718185442/https://myjoyonline.com/news/national/kuami-eugene-wins-vgma-artiste-of-the-year-2020/ &quot;Kuami Eugene wins VGMA Artiste of the Year 2020&quot;]. ''MyJoyOnline.com''. 2020-08-30. Retrieved 2020-08-30.&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
'''Gasmilla''' at Wikipedia sisto projects

* [[commons:Category:Gasmilla|Media]] from Commons
* [[wikiquote:Gasmilla|Quotations]] from Wikiquote
* [[wikidata:Q19957858|Data]] from Wikidata

[[Category:Ghanaians]]
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:Ghanaian musicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian musicians]]
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:University of Professional Studies alumni]]
[[Category:Ghanaian rappers]]</text>
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'''Ivy Barley''' be [[Ghana|Ghanaian]] entrepreneur, women in tech activist, den de co-founder of Developers in Vogue. For January 2022 kinsyd, GhanaWeb feature Barley as one of de 3 Ghanaian ‘Women in Tech’ wey dey make strides for de international corporate scene top.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220129033302/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/Ghanaian-Women-in-Tech-making-strides-on-the-international-corporate-scene-1442026 &quot;Ghanaian 'Women in Tech' making strides on the international corporate scene&quot;]. ''GhanaWeb''. 11 January 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; Insyd 2017 den 2019, na Avance Media list Barley as one of de Top 50 Most Influential Young Ghanaians.&lt;ref&gt;Online, Peace FM. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240308174426/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201712/339086.php &quot;50 Most Influential Young Ghanaians 2017 Revealed!&quot;]. ''www.peacefmonline.com''. Retrieved 11 April 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life den education ==
Dem born Barley for [[Accra]], Ghana insyd, wer na she spend chaw of ein childhood. She get ein secondary education for [[Aburi Girls' Senior High School|Aburi Girls Senior High School]], after na she pursue bachelor's degree insyd Actuarial Science for de [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]]. After ein first degree, she obtain master's degree (MPhil.) insyd Mathematical Statistics for de same varsity wey she graduate insyd 2017.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.worldsummitawards.org/person/ivy-barley/ &quot;Ivy Barley | WSA&quot;]. ''www.worldsummitawards.org''. Retrieved 26 September 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Social entrepreneur ==
Barley be de co-founder of [https://web.archive.org/web/20240308173649/https://developersinvogue.org/ Developers in Vogue], ebe organization wey dey provide training, mentorship den job placement for African women insyd tech. Dem recognize de impact of Developers in Vogue for international platforms top wey dey include de IFC Sustainability Exchange: Invest for Tomorrow,&lt;ref&gt;[https://live.worldbank.org/2019-ifc-sustainability-exchange-invest-tomorrow &quot;2019 IFC Sustainability Exchange: Invest for Tomorrow&quot;]. ''World Bank Live''. Retrieved 27 January 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; de Women20 Summit insyd Berlin, Germany wey na e get Chancellor Angela Merkel&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.jbklutse.com/ivy-barley-wins-eskills-for-girls-competition-germany/ &quot;Young Ghanaian, Ivy Barley Wins E-Skills for Girls Competition In Berlin, Germany&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt; in attendance den de ITU International Girls in ICT Day.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220128232850/https://www.itu.int/en/osg/dsg/speeches/Pages/2018-05-11.aspx &quot;International Girls in ICT Day 2018&quot;]. ''ITU''. Archived from [https://www.itu.int/en/osg/dsg/speeches/Pages/2018-05-11.aspx the original] on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

Na dem feature Ivy ein impact give Developers in Vogue&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.tea-after-twelve.com/all-issues/issue-05/issue-05/women-in-tech/ivy-barley/ &quot;Ivy Barley&quot;]. ''www.tea-after-twelve.com'' (insyd German). Retrieved 28 January 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220120035926/https://toolkit-digitalisierung.de/app/uploads/2019/10/Impact-Report-2017-2019_Make-IT-in-Afrika_GIZ.pdf &quot;Impact Report 2017–2019, Make-IT in Africa&quot;] (PDF).&lt;/ref&gt; for chaw media platforms den books wey dey include de Women in Tech book by de German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development&lt;ref&gt;Development (BMZ), Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220127063430/https://www.eskills4girls.org/nofairytales/ &quot;BMZ publication: Women in Tech – Inspiration, no fairytales | G20 #eSkills4Girls initiative - Challenging the gender digital divide&quot;]. Retrieved 27 January 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240308175002/https://www.bmz.de/resource/blob/23430/b27d988120a6460b86ef257677eaadb0/smaterialie420-frauen-technik-data.pdf &quot;Women in Tech, Inspiration, Keine Marchen&quot;] (PDF).&lt;/ref&gt; make e encourage more women den girlies make dem get involve for STEM insyd den de Founding Women&lt;ref&gt;Ball, Eunice Baguma (26 September 2023). ''Founding Women Book''. Africa Technology Business Network. ISBN&amp;nbsp;&lt;bdi&gt;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1999968908|978-1999968908]]&lt;/bdi&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.movemeback.com/community/events/what-does-tech-entrepreneur-look-like/ &quot;What Does a Tech Entrepreneur Look Like?&quot;]. ''Movemeback Community''. 4 August 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; book make e highlight African women wey dey defy de odds make dem build successful businesses insyd tech.

== Awards den recognition ==

* Nov 2021 | Tech Entrepreneur Award Winner - Africa Women Innovation and Entrepreneurship Forum (AWIEF) Award&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.awieforum.org/2021-awief-award-winners/ &quot;2021 AWIEF AWARD WINNERS&quot;]. ''AWIEF''. Retrieved 28 January 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mar 2020 | She For Social Impact Awards&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20251118095958/https://sheforsocialimpact.com/ &quot;The She For Social Impact Awards – Honoring Impact-led Women&quot;]. ''She For Social Impact Awards'' (in German). Retrieved 28 January 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Dec 2019 | Most Influential Young Ghanaian in Science and Technology&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240206063411/https://avancemedia.org/2019miyg/ &quot;Avance Media | Profiles: Avance Media 2019 50 Most Influential Young Ghanaians&quot;]. Retrieved 2 February 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Dec 2019 | Top 50 Most Influential Young Ghanaians&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* Nov 2019 | F-LANE Finalist by the Vodafone Institute of Society and Communications&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240308175002/https://www.vodafone-institut.de/f-lane/developers-in-vogue-tech-bootcamps-for-women-in-africa/ &quot;Developers in Vogue – Tech-Bootcamps for Women in Africa&quot;]. ''Vodafone Institute''. 14 November 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nov 2017 | Kwese GoGettaz Competition Finalist&lt;ref&gt;tubei, george (25 January 2018). [https://africa.businessinsider.com/kwese-go-gettaz-ivy-barleys-quest-to-get-girls-coding-and-employed-is-off-to-a-fast/kcv4d75 &quot;Ivy Barley's quest to get girls coding and employed is off to a fast start&quot;]. ''Business Insider Africa''. Retrieved 2 February 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Apr 2017 | Winner, eSkills4Girls competition insyd Berlin, Germany&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:Ghanaians]]
[[Category:Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian women]]
[[Category:Ghanaian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Ghanaian company founders]]
[[Category:Ghanaian women activists]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian businesswomen]]
[[Category:People wey komot Accra]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gombe State University</title>
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'''Gombe State University''' (GSU) dey locate insyd Tudun Wada, area insyd Shamaki Ward, Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria. Edey locate insyd de Northern part of Nigeria.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://universitycompass.com/africa/Nigeria/universities/gombe-state-univeristy.php &quot;Gombe State University gsu| School Fees, Courses &amp; Admission info&quot;]. ''universitycompass.com''. Retrieved 2023-09-23.&lt;/ref&gt; Ebe member of de Association of Commonwealth Universities.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130123043325/http://www.4icu.org/reviews/10742.htm &quot;Gombe State University&quot;]. www.4icu.org. Retrieved 9 March 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; De state varsity get Chancellor den 11-members of de governing council, as well as principal officers den management staff. Abdullahi Mahadi be de first vice chancellor of de varsity.&lt;ref&gt;[https://dailynigerian.com/abu-prof-abdullahi-mahadi/ &quot;Ex-ABU VC, Prof. Abdullahi Mahadi, is dead&quot;]. 17 December 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Abdulkadir Adamu, Idris Shaaba Jimada (2014). ''Mahadi and the making of a model tertiary institution: Gombe state University''.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Historical background ==
Na dem set Gombe State University up by Governor Mohammed Danjuma Goje insyd 2003. De state ein ministry of education set up 35-member committee of stakeholders wey report to de state executive council make dem establish state owned varsity.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; De state executive council approve de constitution of 24-member technical planning committee make dem oversee de affairs of de varsity for de tym of ein inception.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; De varsity dey produce graduates make e enable dem make dem engage insyd productive political, economic, end social activities.&lt;ref&gt;Abdullahi, Mahadi (2010). ''Gombe state University on the path to Greatness''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Abdullahi, Mahadi (2011). ''The University of my Dream: being a lecture delivery at Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Alumni''.&lt;/ref&gt; De varsity get no religious affiliation. As state-owned varsity, ebe affordable, plus low tuition den accommodation costs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20221225105556/https://www.campus.africa/university/gombe-state-university-of-science-and-technology/ &quot;Gombe State University of Science and Technology Nigeria&quot;]. ''campus.africa''. Retrieved 2022-12-31.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20241215172815/https://www.unipage.net/en/22864/gombe_state_university &quot;Gombe State University&quot;]. ''www.unipage.net''. Retrieved 2023-08-30.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Vice chancellors ==
Na Professor Abdullahi Mahadi be de first Vice Chancellor of de varsity. Prior to make he join Gombe State University as ein pioneer vice chancellor wen na dem establish de varsity insyd 2004, Mahdi serve insyd de same capacity for Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria for period of four years. Na he be de Vice Chancellor of Gombe State University since ein inception insyd 2005 til 2014, wen de then governor of Gombe State, Ibrahim Dankwambo,&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231003110708/https://dailytrust.com/dankwambo-how-ex-gov-who-forgot-he-had-left-power-missed-his-flight-seeking-vip-treatment/ &quot;Dan: How ex-Gov who forgot he had left power missed his flight while seeking VIP treatment - Daily Trust&quot;]. ''dailytrust.com''. Retrieved 2023-08-24.&lt;/ref&gt; appoint Ibrahim Umar as de next Vice Chancellor of de varsity.

Before ein appointment, na professor Ibrahim Umar be de Dean, Faculty of Science den Postgraduate School of de varsity. Na dem born am insyd 1958 for Nafada Local Government Area,&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20221007180458/https://gsu.edu.ng/home/the-vice-chancellor/ &quot;The Vice Chancellor – Gombe State University&quot;]. Retrieved 2023-02-17.&lt;/ref&gt; Gombe State insyd.

De current vice chancellor be professor Aliyu Usman El-Nafaty as de 3rd Vice Chancellor of Gombe State University, wey dey succeed professor I.M Umar after de expiration of ein tenure in 2019.&lt;ref&gt;Times, Premium (2014-09-19). [https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nnorth-east/168363-dankwambo-appoints-new-gombe-state-university-v-c.html &quot;Dankwambo appoints new Gombe State University V-C&quot;]. ''Premium Times Nigeria''. Retrieved 2022-10-03.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Online, Tribune (2019-07-29). [https://web.archive.org/web/20241215170827/https://tribuneonlineng.com/tetfund-pillar-of-development-in-gombe-state-university-%E2%80%94-vc/ &quot;TETFund, pillar of development in Gombe State University — VC&quot;]. ''Tribune Online''. Retrieved 2022-10-03.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-08-11). [https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/umar-professor-ibrahim-musa/ &quot;UMAR, Prof Ibrahim Musa&quot;]. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2022-10-03.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Faculties ==
Faculties den courses dem offer by de varsity:&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230109155837/https://gsu.edu.ng/home/about-us/ &quot;About us – Gombe State University&quot;]. Retrieved 2023-01-09.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Faculty of Arts den social science ===
Departments under faculty of arts den social sciences

* Accounting
* Business Administration
* Political Science
* Economics
* International Relation
* English Language
* Religious Studies
* Sociology

=== Faculty of Education ===
Departments under faculty of education

* Physics den Education
* Biology den Education
* Chemistry den Education
* Geography den Education
* Computer Science den Education
* Mathematics den Education

=== Faculty of Science ===
Departments under faculty of science

* Biological Sciences
* Biochemistry
* Botany
* Chemistry
* Computer Science
* Geography
* Geology
* Mathematics
* Microbiology
* Physics
* Sconce Laboratory Technology
* Zoology

=== Faculty of Law ===
Department under faculty of law

* Shari'a law
* Public law

=== Faculty of Pharmaceutical science ===
Department under faculty of pharmaceutical sciences

* Pharmacognosy den Drug Development
* Pharmaceutics den Pharmaceutical Technology
* Clinical Pharmacy den Pharmacy Practice
* Pharmaceutics den Medicinal Chemistry
* Pharmacology den Therapeutics
* Pharmaceutical Microbiology

== College of Medical Sciences ==
De college of medical science dey make up of three faculties;

=== Faculty of basic Medical Sciences ===
Department under faculty of basic medical sciences

* Department of Human Anatomy
* Department of Human Physiology
* Department of Medical Biochemistry

=== Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences ===
Departments under faculty of basic clinical sciences

* Department of Chemical Pathology
* Department of Clinical Pharmacology &amp;Therapeutics
* Department of Hematology &amp; Blood Transfusion
* Department of Histopathology
* Department of Medical Microbiology &amp; Immunology

=== Faculty of Clinical Sciences ===
Departments under faculty of clinical sciences

* Department of Anaesthesia
* Department of E.N.T
* Department of Internal Medicine
* Department of Community Medicine
* Department of General Surgery
* Department of Paediatrics
* Department of Obstetrics den Gynaecology
* Department of Ophthalmology
* Department o Radiolog

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links[edit | edit source] ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230714135047/http://gsu.edu.ng/ Official website]

[[Category:Universities den colleges insyd Nigeria]]
[[Category:2004 establishments insyd Nigeria]]
[[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 2004]]
[[Category:Schools insyd Gombe State]]
[[Category:Public universities insyd Nigeria]]
[[Category:State universities insyd Nigeria]]
[[Category:Universities den colleges dem establish insyd 2004]]</text>
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    <title>Gombe State University of Science and Technology, Kumo</title>
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'''Gombe State University of Science and Technology''', Kumo be public versity wey dem establish insyd 2017.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nnorth-east/488855-gombe-converts-abandoned-college-to-university-campus.html &quot;Gombe converts abandoned college to university campus&quot;]. 8 October 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; Edey locate insyd Kumo, Gombe State [[Nigeria]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.unirank.org/ng/uni/gombe-state-university-of-science-and-technology/ &quot;Gombe State University of Science and Technology | Ranking &amp; Review&quot;]. ''www.unirank.org''. Retrieved 22 March 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nnorth-east/247385-nuc-approves-gombe-state-university-of-science-and-technology.html &quot;UPDATED: NUC approves Gombe State University of Science and Technology | Premium Times Nigeria&quot;]. 26 October 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

Na dem approve de varsity by de National Universities Commission (NUC) as de 2nd State University insyd Gombe State, wey dey make am de 46th State University, 86th Public University den 154th University insyd Nigeria.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nuc.edu.ng/nuc-recognises-new-gombe-state-university-of-science-and-technology-kumo/ &quot;NUC recognises New Gombe State University of Science and Technology, Kumo&quot;]. National Universities Commission. Retrieved 29 September 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

Gombe State Government under de leadership of Governor Muhammadu Inuwa Yahaya sign historic MoU plus Lincoln University College of Malaysia make e activate den upgrade de State ein University of Science and Technology, Kumo as centre of academic excellence insyd March 2022.&lt;ref&gt;Blueprint (11 April 2022). [https://www.blueprint.ng/the-advent-of-lincoln-university-kumo/ &quot;The advent of Lincoln University Kumo&quot;]. ''Blueprint Newspapers''. Retrieved 29 September 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Release, Press (5 March 2022). [https://www.premiumtimesng.com/promoted/515386-much-ado-about-the-gombe-state-government-lincoln-university-mou.html &quot;Much Ado about the Gombe State Government, Lincoln University MoU&quot;]. ''Premium Times Nigeria''. Retrieved 29 September 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dem found am insyd 2017, Gombe State University of Science and Technology be public higher education institution wey dey locate insyd Kumo, Gombe. Officially dem accredited den/anaa dem recognize by de National Universities Commission (NUC) , Nigeria, Gombe State University of Science and Technology (GSUST) be coeducational higher education institution. Gombe State University of Science and Technology (GSUST) dey offer courses den programs wey dey lead officially higher education degrees dem recognize insyd several areas of study.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20221225105556/https://www.campus.africa/university/gombe-state-university-of-science-and-technology/ &quot;Gombe State University of Science and Technology Nigeria&quot;]. ''campus.africa''. Retrieved 25 December 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

List of courses dem dey offer insyd Gombe State University of Science and Technology, Kumo.&lt;ref&gt;Academy, Samphina (28 November 2022). [https://samphina.com.ng/gsutech-gombe-state-university-science-technology-undergraduate-courses/ &quot;GSUST Courses - Gombe State University of Science &amp; Technology&quot;]. ''Samphina Academy''. Retrieved 31 May 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

# Accountancy / Accounting
# Business Management
# Public Administration
# Christian Religious Studies
# English Language
# History
# Islamic Studies
# Education den Biology
# Education den Chemistry
# Education den Christian Religious Studies
# Education den English Language
# Education den Geography
# Education den Islamic Studies
# Education den Mathematics
# Education den Physics
# Education den History
# Biochemistry
# Biology
# Chemistry
# Botany
# Computer Science
# Geology
# Microbiology
# Mathematics
# Physics
# Statistics
# Zoology
# Economics
# Geography
# Sociology
# Political Science

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Technological universities insyd Nigeria]]
[[Category:Public universities insyd Nigeria]]
[[Category:Universities den colleges dem establish insyd 2017]]
[[Category:2017 establishments insyd Nigeria]]
[[Category:Education insyd Gombe State]]
[[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 2017]]
[[Category:Science den technology insyd Nigeria]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kumasi Technical University</title>
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De '''Kumasi Technical University''', formerly dem know am as '''Kumasi Polytechnic,''' be public tertiary institution insyd de [[Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/education/poly.html &quot;Polytechnics in Ghana&quot;]. ghanaweb.com. Retrieved 10 August 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://kstu.edu.gh/ &quot;Kumasi Technical University | Knowledge is Power&quot;]. ''kstu.edu.gh''. Retrieved 24 August 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kumasi Technical University be one of de Polytechnics insyd Ghana dem divert to varsity.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150907184851/http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2015/September-4th/kumasi-poly-orients-workforce-for-technical-university-status.php &quot;Ghana News - Kumasi Poly orients workforce for technical university status&quot;]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20150907184851/http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2015/September-4th/kumasi-poly-orients-workforce-for-technical-university-status.php the original] on 7 September 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; Edey locate at de heart of [[Kumasi]], de capital city of de Ashanti Region of Ghana. De Vice of de Kumasi Technical University be Professor Nana Osei-Wusu Achiaw. He be de first VC since de tym na dem divert am go varsity.

== Dema History ==

De varsity, dem know am earlier as Kumasi Technical Institute, na dem establish am insyd 1954, buh e start actual teaching den learning insyd 1955, wey dey deal mainly plus craft courses. E cam turn polytechnic for 30 October 1963 den varsity insyd 2017. From then on, e concentrate for Technician den few Diploma Programmes top. Additionally, na dem offer few professional courses. Dey follow de enactment of de Polytechnic Law 1992, PNDC Law 321, Kumasi Polytechnic cease dey exist for ein previous form insyd wey e cam turn tertiary institution.

== Dema Faculties ==
Dem expand from three faculties den one centre insyd 2009/2010 go six faculties, one school den two institutes insyd de 2010/2011 academic year. Dem currently dey organise de polytechnic go de faculties, Schools den Institutes wey dey follow:

# Faculty of Engineering
# Faculty of Built den Natural Environment
# Faculty of Medicine den Health Sciences
# Faculty of Applied Sciences
# Faculty of Creative Arts den Technology
# School of Business
# Institute of Entrepreneurship den Enterprise Development
# Institute of Distance den Continuing Education
# School of Graduate Studies, Research den Innovation

== Dema Departments ==
Source:&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210515115040/https://kpoly.edu.gh/academics/departments &quot;Departments &amp;#x7C; Kumasi Technical University&quot;]. Archived from [http://kpoly.edu.gh/academics/departments the original] on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dema School of Business ===

* Accountancy den Accounting Information Systems Department
* Liberal Studies Department
* Management Studies Department
* Marketing Department
* Procurement den Supply Chain Management Department

=== Dema Faculty of Built den Natural Environment ===

* Building Technology Department
* Estate Management Department
* Interior Architecture den Furniture Production Department

=== Dema Faculty of Engineering ===

* Chemical Engineering Department
* Civil Engineering Department
* Electrical/Electronic Engineering Department
* Mechanical Engineering Department

=== Dema Faculty of Applied Sciences ===

* Computer Science Department
* Hotel, Catering den Institutional Management Department
* Mathematics den Statistics Department

=== Dema Faculty of Creative Arts den Technology ===

* Fashion Design den Textiles Department
* Graphic Design Department

=== Dema Faculty of Medicine den Health Sciences ===

* Laboratory Technology Department
* Pharmaceutical Sciences Department

=== Dema Institute of Entrepreneurship den Enterprise Development ===

* Agropreneurship
* Centre for Entrepreneurship Research in Africa
* Consultancy den Business Incubation Centre
* Entrepreneurship den Finance

== Dema Programmes dem dey offer ==

=== Dema Faculty of Business den Management Studies ===

* Bachelor of Technology in Accounting plus Computing
* Bachelor of Technology in Procurement Management
* BSC. FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING (SPECIAL PROGRAMME)
* BSC. MARKETING (SPECIAL PROGRAMME)
* BSC. PROCUREMENT (SPECIAL PROGRAMME)
* Certificate in Accounting
* Diploma in Banking Technology den Accounting (DBTA)
* Diploma in Business Administration (DBA)
* Diploma in Business Studies (Accountancy, Entrepreneurship, Secretarial, Statistics, Management, Marketing den Purchasing den Supply options)
* Diploma in Computerised Accounting (DCA)
* Diploma in Electronic Marketing
* Diploma in Procurement &amp; Materials Management
* Diploma in Public Relations
* HND Accountancy (Regular/Evening/Weekend Options)
* HND Accounting plus Computing (Regular/Evening/Weekend Options)
* HND Marketing (Regular/Evening/Weekend Options)
* HND Purchasing den Supply (Regular/Evening/Weekend Options)
* HND Secretaryship den Management Studies (Regular/ Evening/Weekend Options)
* Post Graduate Certificate in Computerized Accounting (PGCCA)
* Professional Diploma in Banking Technology den Accounting (PDBTA)
* Professional Diploma in Computerised Accounting (PDCA)

=== Dema Faculty of Built den Natural Environment ===

* Interior Architecture &amp; Furniture Production (Access Course)
* Advanced Furniture Craft
* Bachelor of Technology in Building Technology
* Bachelor of Technology in Estate Management
* BSC. ESTATE MANAGEMENT (SPECIAL PROGRAMME)
* Building Technology (Access Course)
* Construction Technicians Course I
* Construction Technicians Course II
* Construction Technicians Course Part III.
* HND Building Technology (Regular Only)
* HND Estate Management (Regular Only)
* HND Interior Architecture den Furniture Production (Regular per)
* Interior Architecture den Furniture Production (Access Course)

=== Dema Faculty of Engineering ===

* Bachelor of Technology in Chemical Engineering
* Bachelor of Technology in Chemical Engineering - Top Up
* Bachelor of Technology in  Civil Engineering
* Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering - Top Up
* Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering
* Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering - Top Up
* BSC. OIL AND GAS ENGINEERING (SPECIAL PROGRAMME)
* BSC. PETRO-CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (SPECIAL PROGRAMME)
* Chemical Engineering (Access Course)
* Civil Engineering (Access Course)
* Electrical Engineering Technician Part I
* Electrical Engineering Technician Part II
* Electrical Engineering Technicians Part III
* Electrical/Electronic Engineering(Access Course)
* HND Chemical Engineering (Regular per)
* HND Civil Engineering (Regular per)
* HND Electrical/Electronic Engineering (Regular per)
* HND Mechanical Engineering plus choice of options for Level 200 Options: (I) Plant (II) Production (III) Automotive and (IV) Metallurgy (Regular per)
* Mechanical Engineering (Access Course)
* Mechanical Engineering Technicians Part I
* Mechanical Engineering Technicians Part II
* Mechanical Engineering Technicians Part III
* Motor Vehicle Technicians Part I
* Motor Vehicle Technicians Part II
* Motor Vehicle Technicians Part III

=== Dema Faculty of Applied Sciences ===

* BSC. COMPUTER SCIENCE (SPECIAL PROGRAMME)
* Catering 812/1
* Catering 812/2
* Diploma in Hardware den Networking
* Diploma in Information Technology
* Diploma in Web Applications den Database
* HND Computer Science (Regular per)
* HND Hotel, Catering den Institutional Management (Regular per)
* HND Statistics (Regular per)
* Hotel, Catering den Institutional Management (Access Course)

=== Dema Faculty of Creative Arts den Technology ===

* Access Course
* Advanced Fashion Design
* HND Fashion Design den Textiles Studies (Regular per)
* Intermediate Fashion

=== Dema Faculty of Medicine den Health Sciences ===

* BSC. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE (SPECIAL PROGRAMME)
* HND Dispensing Technology (Regular per)
* HND Medical Laboratory
* HND Science Laboratory
* ONE YEAR TOP-UP HND DISPENSING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMME

== Dema Facilities ==

E sanso establish ICT Directorate wey dey head by Director den office for International Affairs den Institutional Linkages sanso dey head by Director.

De School dey comprise 27 Departments wey dey offer Full – time den Part – time programmes for Tertiary den Non – Tertiary Levels. De Polytechnic dey offer unique programmes such as Estate Management den Dispensing Technology den dese disciplines dey attract students from [[Uganda]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Nigeria]], de [[West Africa|West African]] sub regions.

De institution presently dey run degree programmes for addition to ein Higher National Diploma (HND) programmes.

== Dema Vision den mission ==

=== Dema Vision ===
Say ego be Centre of Excellence give tertiary level training of technical den professional human resource plus entrepreneurial skills.

=== Dema Mission ===
Say ego provide sam favourable environment give teaching, research, skills den entrepreneurship training in science, technology, applied social sciences den applied arts for industrial den community development. Dis be say ego attract students den scholars from local den international communities den say ego sana provide consultancy services.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125527/http://kpoly.edu.gh/about-us/get-to-know-us/vision-and-mission &quot;Vision and Mission&quot;]. Kumasi Polytechnic. Archived from [http://kpoly.edu.gh/about-us/get-to-know-us/vision-and-mission the original] on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==

* [http://kstu.edu.gh/ Official Website]

[[Category:Education insyd Kumasi]]
[[Category:Universities den colleges dem establish insyd 1954]]
[[Category:1954 establishments insyd Gold Coast (British colony)]]
[[Category:Universities den colleges insyd Ghana]]
[[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1954]]
[[Category:Polytechnics insyd Ghana]]
[[Category:1954 establishments insyd Gold Coast (British colony)]]
[[Category:Schools insyd Ghana]]
[[Category:Universities insyd Ghana]]
[[Category:Universities den colleges dem establish insyd de 1950s]]
[[Category:Universities den colleges dem establish insyd de 20th century]]
[[Category:1950s establishments insyd Ghana]]
[[Category:20th-century establishments insyd Ghana]]
[[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd de 1950s]]
[[Category:Educational institutions dem established insyd de 20th century]]
[[Category:Ghana]]
[[Category:Universities den colleges insyd Africa]]
[[Category:Universities insyd West Africa]]
[[Category:Universities insyd Kumasi]]
[[Category:Education insyd Ghana]]
[[Category:Education insyd West Africa]]
[[Category:Education insyd Africa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Maggie Behle</title>
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'''Maggie Behle''' (born 1980) be American Paralympic female alpine skier.&lt;ref&gt;[https://data.fis-ski.com/dynamic/athlete-biography.html?sector=AL&amp;competitorid=3751 &quot;BEHLE Maggie - Biographie&quot;]. ''data.fis-ski.com''. Retrieved 2018-01-02.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.paralympic.org/maggie-behle &quot;Maggie Behle - Alpine Skiing | Paralympic Athlete Profile&quot;]. ''International Paralympic Committee''. Retrieved 2024-08-01.&lt;/ref&gt;

Na dem born am widout right leg&lt;ref&gt;[https://womxnskatehistory.ca/2022/11/06/maggie-behle/ &quot;Maggie Behle&quot;]. ''Womxn Skateboard History''. 2022-11-06. Retrieved 2024-08-01.&lt;/ref&gt; wey she start dey engage plus alpine skiing for de age of five. She cam turn one of de members of de US Disabled ski team for de age of 13.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180102133813/https://www.deseretnews.com/article/334389/DISABLED-SKIER-LACKS-A-LIMB-NOT-COURAGE.html &quot;DISABLED SKIER LACKS A LIMB, NOT COURAGE&quot;]. ''DeseretNews.com''. 1994-02-03. Retrieved 2018-01-02.&lt;/ref&gt; She be alumni of Snowbird Sports Education Foundation.&lt;ref&gt;[https://sbsef.com/about-sbsef/alumni/ &quot;Alumni&quot;]. ''snowbirdsportseducationfoundation''. Retrieved 2024-08-01.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==

Behle compete for de 1996 World Championship insyd Lech, Austria wey she win two silver metals as well as she compete for de 1997 World Cup insyd Pra Loup, France, she win gold metal insyd slalom. Behle compete for de 1998 Winter Paralympics for de age of 17, wich sanso be ein appearance per insyd Winter Paralympic event wey she compete insyd de alpine skiing event wey she claim bronze medals insyd de women's slalom den downhill categories.&lt;ref&gt;Committee, Alexander Picolin, International Paralympic. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180103072441/https://db.ipc-services.org/sdms/hira/web/results/event/PG1998ASWDHI02010000 &quot;IPC Historical Results Archive - Results Web&quot;]. ''db.ipc-services.org''. Retrieved 2018-01-02.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180825062248/http://www.discovernac.org/empowering-ability-since-1985/ &quot;Empowering Ability Since 1985 - National Ability Center&quot;]. ''National Ability Center''. Retrieved 2018-01-02.&lt;/ref&gt; After she claim bronze medals for de 1998 Winter Paralympics,&lt;ref&gt;[https://db.ipc-services.org/hira/paralympics/competition/code/PG1998/discipline/AS &quot;Alpine Skiing at the Nagano 1998 Paralympic Winter Games&quot;]. ''db.ipc-services.org''. 1 August 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; na dem honour am for de Rowland Hall-St. Mark's School wer na she educate.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180102133810/https://www.deseretnews.com/article/623226/Medalist-gets-warm-reception-at-school.html &quot;Medalist gets warm reception at school&quot;]. ''DeseretNews.com''. 1998-04-08. Retrieved 2018-01-02.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240801162554/https://athletics.rowlandhall.org/beyond-rowland-hall/profile/~board/profile/post/maggie-behle &quot;Maggie Behle '99&quot;]. ''athletics.rowlandhall.org''. Retrieved 2024-08-01.&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:21st-century American sportswomen]]
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:American female alpine skiers]]
[[Category:Alpine skiers at de 1998 Winter Paralympics]]
[[Category:Paralympic alpine skiers for de United States]]
[[Category:Paralympic medalists insyd alpine skiing]]
[[Category:Paralympic bronze medalists for de United States]]
[[Category:Medalists at de 1998 Winter Paralympics]]
[[Category:21st-century American women]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jessica Gallagher</title>
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'''Jessica Gallagher''' (born 14 March 1986) be Australian Paralympic alpine skier, track den field athlete, tandem cyclist den rower. Na she be Australia ein second female Winter Paralympian, den de first Australian woman make she win medal for de Winter Paralympics for de 2010 Vancouver Games. She compete for de 2014 Winter Paralympics insyd Sochi, wer na she win bronze medal insyd de women's giant slalom visually impaired.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Paxinos, Stathi (16 March 2014). [http://www.smh.com.au/sport/sochi-winter-paralympics-jess-gallagher-wins-giant-slalom-bronze-20140316-hvjfc.html &quot;Sochi Winter Paralympics: Jess Gallagher wins giant slalom bronze&quot;]. ''Sydney Morning Herald''. Retrieved 17 March 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

She be legally blind, wey she dey represent Australia internationally insyd three sports: skiing, athletics den cycling. Besides ein skiing achievements, she represent Australia insyd athletics for de 2012 Summer Paralympics insyd London, wey she win silver den bronze medal for de 2011 Christchurch IPC Athletics World Championships for long jump den javelin insyd, respectively. She sanso represent de state of Victoria as junior insyd netball den basketball. Na dem select Gallagher insyd de Australian cycling team plus ein pilot Madison Janssen for de 2016 Rio Paralympics.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20181003083002/http://www.cycling.org.au/News/All-News/Road/australian-paralympic-team-announced &quot;Australian Paralympic Team announced&quot;]. ''Australian Paralympic Committee News, 30 May 2016''. Archived from [http://www.cycling.org.au/News/All-News/Road/australian-paralympic-team-announced the original] on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 30 May 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein &quot;long term goal is to be the first Australian to medal at a summer and winter Paralympics or Olympics&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190329001421/https://www.sbs.com.au/topics/zela/article/2016/04/28/unfinished-business-jessica-gallagher-wants-summer-paralympic-medal &quot;Unfinished business: Jessica Gallagher wants that summer Paralympic medal&quot;]. ''SBS''. 28 April 2016. Archived from [http://www.sbs.com.au/topics/zela/article/2016/04/28/unfinished-business-jessica-gallagher-wants-summer-paralympic-medal the original] on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; Na she achieve dis wen she win bronze medal insyd de women's B/VI 1000m time trial insyd Rio.

Na dem select am insyd track cycling for de 2024 Paris Paralympics- ein fourth Paralympics (two winter den two summer).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.paralympic.org.au/2024/07/paralympics-australia-names-cycling-team-for-paris-2024/ &quot;Paralympics Australia Names Cycling Team For Paris 2024 | Paralympics Australia&quot;]. ''www.paralympic.org.au''. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Personal ==

[[File:Jessica_Gallagher.ogg|right|thumb|Wikinews reporters interview Australian Paralympic skier Jessica Gallagher den ein guide Eric Bickerton]]
Na dem born Gallagher for 14 March 1986 wey she dey live insyd de Geelong suburb of Highton.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140209233726/http://www.paralympic.org.au/team/jessica-gallagher-0 &quot;Jessica Gallagher&quot;]. Australian Paralympic Committee. Archived from [http://www.paralympic.org.au/team/jessica-gallagher-0 the original] on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; Insyd 2009, she graduate from RMIT University plus Master of Osteopathy,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[http://rmit.biz/browse;ID=7gv182c2fcx31 &quot;RMIT graduate makes Paralympics history&quot;]. RMIT. Retrieved 8 November 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; wey she be registered osteopath.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120418111922/http://www.rmit.com.au/browse;ID=7gv182c2fcx31 &quot;RMIT graduate makes Paralympics history&quot;]. RMIT University. 17 March 2010. Archived from [http://www.rmit.com.au/browse;ID=7gv182c2fcx31 the original] on 18 April 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

For de time of de 2010 Vancouver Winter Paralympics, na she dey date de American Paralympic sitting ski slalomer Gerald Hayden.&lt;ref&gt;Lewis, Daniel. [http://www.smh.com.au/sport/gallagher-claims-australias-first-medal-20100315-q6u3.html &quot;Gallagher claims Australia's first medal&quot;]. ''Sydney Morning Herald''. Sydney, Australia. Retrieved 9 November 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; She be ambassador give de Australian Paralympic Committee,&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;[https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20111129225600/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/10920/20111130-0956/www.athletics.com.au/home/fanzone/athleteprofiles/gallagher_jessica.html &quot;Jessica Gallagher&quot;]. Athletics Australia. Archived from [http://www.athletics.com.au/home/fanzone/athleteprofiles/gallagher_jessica.html the original] on 29 November 2011. Retrieved 25 June 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Vision Australia,&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;&quot;Don't miss this opportunity to learn to Ski at Mt Baw Baw&quot;. Vision Australia. 12 July 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Seeing Eye Dogs Australia,&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130807003432/http://seda.visionaustralia.org/about-us/our-ambassadors-and-patrons &quot;Our ambassadors and patrons&quot;]. Seeing Eye Dogs Australia. Archived from [http://seda.visionaustralia.org/about-us/our-ambassadors-and-patrons the original] on 7 August 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; Vision 2020 Australia,&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130411091313/http://www.vision2020australia.org.au/blog/author/jessica-gallagher &quot;Jessica Gallagher&quot;]. Vision 2020 Australia. Archived from [http://www.vision2020australia.org.au/blog/author/jessica-gallagher the original] on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; Kx Pilates&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20181003082838/http://thesportsvault.com.au/index.php/writers-profiles/athlete-profiles/13-sport/track-a-field/488-jessica-gallagher &quot;Jessica Gallagher&quot;]. The Sports Vault. Archived from [http://thesportsvault.com.au/index.php/writers-profiles/athlete-profiles/13-sport/track-a-field/488-jessica-gallagher the original] on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; den 2XU.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

She be legally blind secof Best's disease, rare condition.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Marinos, Sarah (4 September 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130511073338/http://www.theweeklyreview.com.au/well-read-article-display/Going-for-gold/4897 &quot;Going for gold&quot;]. ''The Weekly Review''. Archived from [http://www.theweeklyreview.com.au/well-read-article-display/Going-for-gold/4897 the original] on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; She start dey loose ein eyesight wen she na she teenager, she receive de results of tests while na she dey compete for de U17 national netball championships.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;Silkstone, Dan (14 April 2010). [http://www.theage.com.au/sport/turning-point-20100413-s7ls.html &quot;Turning Point&quot;]. ''The Age''. Melbourne, Victoria. Retrieved 27 November 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

Na dem select Gallagher make she compete for de 2008 Beijing Paralympics insyd long jump, 100m, shot put den discus, but she fail ein classification test seof de classifiers say na de eyesight insyd ein right eye be 0.01% better dan e need to be. Insyd November 2009, na dem revisit ein classification secof deterioration of ein vision wey na dem deem am eligible make she compete.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;McDonald, Margie (15 March 2010). [http://www.theaustralian.com.au/jessica-gallagher-rejoices-in-paralympic-history/story-fn4vwn8v-1225840781181 &quot;Jessica Gallagher rejoices in Paralympic history&quot;]. ''The Australian''. Sydney, Australia. Retrieved 8 November 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

Na dem appoint Gallagher to de Board of Vision 2020 Australia insyd June 2015 wey she sanso be member of ein Member, Finance den Audit Committee.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180408165137/http://www.vision2020australia.org.au/uploads/resource/170/Vision2020Australia_AnnualReport_2014-15_final_Web.pdf &quot;Annual Report 2014-2015&quot;] (PDF). ''Vision 2020 Australia''. Archived from [http://www.vision2020australia.org.au/uploads/resource/170/Vision2020Australia_AnnualReport_2014-15_final_Web.pdf the original] (PDF) on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 10 March 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

Insyd March 2018 na dem induct am into de Victorian Honour Roll of Women.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180310200656/https://www.vic.gov.au/women/women-s-leadership/victorian-honour-roll-of-women.html &quot;Victorian Honour Roll of Women&quot;]. ''Women Victoria – vic.gov.au''. Archived from [https://www.vic.gov.au/women/women-s-leadership/victorian-honour-roll-of-women.html the original] on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 10 March 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Insyd December 2023, na dem award Gallagher Honorary Doctor of Social Science by RMIT University.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240715201927/https://vis.org.au/news/2023/12/jessica-gallagher--defying-limits-and-inspiring-generations &quot;Jessica Gallagher | Defying Limits and Inspiring Generations&quot;]. ''Victorian Institute of Sport''. Retrieved 14 December 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sports ==

=== Netball, basketball den snowboarding ===
She play netball den basketball plus able-bodied competitors,&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120324195659/http://www.ausport.gov.au/ais/sports/awd_alpine/athletes?sq_content_src=+dXJsPWh0dHAlM0ElMkYlMkZtYXRyaXh0dW5uZWwlMkZTcG9ydCUyRjMzJTJGU3F1YWQlMkZQcm9maWxlJTJGQXRobGV0ZSUyRkRldGFpbCUyRjI5NjI1NjQmYWxsPTE%3D &quot;Jessica Gallagher&quot;]. Australian Institute of Sport. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20120324195659/http://www.ausport.gov.au/ais/sports/awd_alpine/athletes?sq_content_src=+dXJsPWh0dHAlM0ElMkYlMkZtYXRyaXh0dW5uZWwlMkZTcG9ydCUyRjMzJTJGU3F1YWQlMkZQcm9maWxlJTJGQXRobGV0ZSUyRkRldGFpbCUyRjI5NjI1NjQmYWxsPTE%3D the original] on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; she first participate for de elite level insyd both sports as she start dey loose ein vision.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s2848320.htm &quot;Paralympic Heroes&quot;]. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 23 March 2010. Retrieved 8 November 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Insyd netball, na she be goal keeper den goal attack, wey she represent Victoria chaw times wey dem name am as emergency give de Australian U16 team. Insyd de Victorian league's Championship Division, she represent both Palladians den Altona Lightning. Insyd basketball, she represent de Geelong Cats for five years wey she sanso represent Victoria Country. For dat time, na ein goal make she cam turn professional netball anaa basketball player. As well, she play netball insyd de Geelong Football Netball League, wey she dey represent South Barwon den Leopold. Despite ein low vision wey she dey miss one third of de games secof ein Paralympic training program, she win de A grade Best den Fairest Award insyd 2007, wey she dey represent Leopold.

Gallagher sanso be snowboarder, wey she take up de sport while for working holiday insyd Vail, Colorado before she find out about de Winter Paralympic Games.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

=== Competitive skiing ===
[[File:Jessica_Gallagher_and_guide_Christian_Geiger.jpg|right|thumb|Jessica Gallagher plus sighted guide Christian Geiger insyd December 2013. De microphones dey allow dem make den communicate plus each oda.]]
Na Gallagher be de first Australian woman make she win medal for de Winter Paralympics, den Australia ein second female Winter Paralympian.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;[http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/sport/skier-jessica-gallagher-first-australian-woman-to-win-paralympic-medal/story-e6frecj3-1225840796043 &quot;Skier Jessica Gallagher first Australian woman to win Paralympic medal&quot;]. ''Adelaide Advertiser''. 15 March 2010. Retrieved 8 November 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Na dem give am de opportunity make she compete for de highest levels insyd skiing after dem identify am during talent search den secof ein snowboarding experience. As she be blind, she dey compete plus guide Eric Bickerton wey be ein first guide.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Steve Graham wey dey coach am,&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; wey he sanso coach Michael Milton&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.abc.net.au/austory/content/2007/s2186631.htm &quot;Take It to the Limit – Transcript&quot;]. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 10 March 2010. Retrieved 26 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; wey he be de current head coach of de Australian Institute of Sport ein Winter Paralympic program.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111005224411/http://www.ausport.gov.au/ais/sports/awd_alpine/home &quot;Paralympic Alpine Skiing Home&quot;]. Australian Institute of Sport. Archived from [http://www.ausport.gov.au/ais/sports/awd_alpine/home the original] on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://corporate.olympics.com.au/news/ais-athlete-of-the-year-finalists-named &quot;AIS Athlete of the Year Finalists named&quot;]. Australian Olympic Committee. 11 November 2010. Retrieved 26 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein Australian training base dey for de Victorian Institute of Sport ein training centre wey dey locate for Lakeside Stadium insyd South Melbourne.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110813194550/http://www.vis.org.au/athletes/jessica-gallagher &quot;Jessica Gallagher&quot;]. Victorian Institute of Sport. Archived from [http://www.vis.org.au/athletes/jessica-gallagher the original] on 13 August 2011. Retrieved 25 June 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; While she actively dey train six days a week, ein individual training sessions go last between two den three hours each a total of ten to twelve sessions by de end of de week.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;&quot;Jessica Gallagher&quot;. Sport for Women. Retrieved 27 November 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

Gallagher first represent Australia insyd 2009 for de New Zealand Winter Games, wer na she win gold medal. Insyd January 2010, she compete for ein first IPC Alpine Skiing World Cup event insyd Austria wey she win bronze medal insyd slalom.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Before de start of de 2010 Games, she compete insyd nine World Cup events.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; For ein 24th birthday,&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; she win bronze medal for de Vancouver games insyd de women's slalom visually impaired event,&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;[https://www.paralympic.org/jessica-gallagher &quot;Jessica Gallagher&quot;]. ''Paralympic.org''. International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 12 January 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; wey she cam turn de first Australian woman make she do so.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Insyd ein first den second time down de hill, she fini third both times.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.geelongadvertiser.com.au/article/2010/03/15/154905_news.html &quot;Jessica Gallagher Paralympic medal a first for Aussie women&quot;]. ''Geelong Advertiser''. Geelong, Victoria. 15 March 2010. Retrieved 8 November 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; She sanso compete insyd de women's giant slalom visually impaired event for de 2010 Games,&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; wey she fini seventh after headset issues wey cause am problems plus communication.&lt;ref&gt;Caruana, Patrick (17 March 2010). [http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-sport/aussies-struggle-in-fog-at-creekside-20100317-qcws.html?skin=text-only &quot;Aussies struggle in fog at Creekside&quot;]. ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Retrieved 21 June 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

Insyd 2013, for de IPC Alpine Skiing World Cup insyd Thredbo, New South Wales, several weeks after she take for ein fresh guide, Christian Geiger top, she win two silver medals insyd giant slalom den slalom.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; For de 2014 Sochi Paralympics, Gallagher (Geiger guide am) win bronze medal insyd de women's giant slalom visually impaired wey she cam seventh insyd de women's giant slalom visually impaired.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Na she dey insyd de Australian Institute of Sport Alpine Skiing Program since 2009.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120903161557/http://www.ausport.gov.au/ais/sports/athlete_spotlight?sq_content_src=+dXJsPWh0dHAlM0ElMkYlMkZtYXRyaXh0dW5uZWwuYXVzcG9ydC5nb3YuYXUlMkZTcG9ydCUyRlBhcmFseW1waWNfQWxwaW5lX1NraWluZyUyRlNxdWFkJTJGUHJvZmlsZSUyRkF0aGxldGUlMkZEZXRhaWwlMkZKZXNzaWNhX19HYWxsYWdoZXImYWxsPTE%3D &quot;Athlete Spotlight: Jessica Gallagher&quot;]. Australian Institute of Sport. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20120903161557/http://www.ausport.gov.au/ais/sports/athlete_spotlight?sq_content_src=+dXJsPWh0dHAlM0ElMkYlMkZtYXRyaXh0dW5uZWwuYXVzcG9ydC5nb3YuYXUlMkZTcG9ydCUyRlBhcmFseW1waWNfQWxwaW5lX1NraWluZyUyRlNxdWFkJTJGUHJvZmlsZSUyRkF0aGxldGUlMkZEZXRhaWwlMkZKZXNzaWNhX19HYWxsYWdoZXImYWxsPTE%3D the original] on 3 September 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

Australia ein National Sports Museum put several items wey relate to am for display after ein bronze medal win for de 2010 Vancouver Games.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

=== Competitive athletics ===
Gallagher be athletics competitor,&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; wey compete insyd long jump, discus, shot put, javelin den sprinting.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt; She cam turn involve insyd athletics after she learn about de Paralympics.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; For de skills assessment, na de classifiers make she try shot put den, despite she dress for casual athletic attire insyd, she manage throw wey meet de Paralympic qualifying distance.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; After year of training, she increase dis initial distance by 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in) make she get personal best throw of ova 12 metres (39 ft).&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; She dey zuk chaw records insyd de F13 classification, wey dey include Australian den Oceanian records insyd de long jump, javelin den shot put, den Australian record insyd discus.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Insyd athletics, na ein coaches include Mike Edwards den John Boas. Insyd January 2011, she compete for de 2011 Christchurch IPC Athletics World Championships, wer na she fini second insyd de long jump den third insyd de javelin throw event, plus throw of 33.75 metres (110.7 ft). Ein appearance for de championships mark ein return to de sport after she take a break make she compete insyd skiing.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20181003083006/http://www.athletics.com.au/news/news/2011/january/gallagher_proves_herself_with_ &quot;Gallagher proves herself with world championships bronze&quot;]. Australia: Athletics Australia. Retrieved 9 November 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

For de 2012 London Paralympics, Gallagher compete insyd de women's long jump F13 den women's javelin throw F12/13 events, wey she fini fifth den sixth respectively.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140321141651/http://www.paralympic.org/ipc_results/results.php?eclass=F13&amp;sport=athletics&amp;competition=2012PG&amp;gender=f&amp;discipline=&amp;event=Long%20Jump &quot;Women's Long Jump F13 results&quot;]. International Paralympic Committee. Archived from [http://www.paralympic.org/ipc_results/results.php?eclass=F13&amp;sport=athletics&amp;competition=2012PG&amp;gender=f&amp;discipline=&amp;event=Long%20Jump the original] on 21 March 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140321140108/http://www.paralympic.org/ipc_results/results.php?eclass=F12%2F13&amp;sport=athletics&amp;competition=2012PG&amp;gender=f&amp;discipline=&amp;event=Javelin &quot;Women's Javelin F12/13 results&quot;]. International Paralympic Committee. Archived from [http://www.paralympic.org/ipc_results/results.php?eclass=F12/13&amp;sport=athletics&amp;competition=2012PG&amp;gender=f&amp;discipline=&amp;event=Javelin the original] on 21 March 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; Na Gallagher be disappointed plus dese results, wey she suffer severe tear insyd ein meniscus during training wey force am make she use crutches insyd de month wey dey lead up to de competition.&lt;ref&gt;[http://jessgallagher.blogspot.com.au/2012/10/london-2012.html &quot;London 2012&quot;]. ''Jessica Gallagher's blog''. 31 October 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

Insyd 2014 interview Gallagher express wat competing give Summer den Winter Paralympics mean to am. She say: ''I love the unique cultural experience each host city brings. Ultimately, competing for your country on the world's biggest sporting stage is a pinnacle''. ''It brings memories and experiences that last a lifetime.''&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140308060818/http://www.ink-live.com/emagazines/jetstar-australia-magazine/1595/march-2014/files/assets/basic-html/page138.html &quot;Jessica Gallagher&quot;]. ''Jetstar Magazine'': 136. March 2014. Archived from [http://www.ink-live.com/emagazines/jetstar-australia-magazine/1595/march-2014/files/assets/basic-html/page138.html the original] on 8 March 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Competitive cycling ===
[[File:Gallagher_and_Janssen.jpg|right|thumb|Gallagher (right) den pilot Madison Janssen (left) be all smiles after dem win bronze medal insyd de women's B/VI 1000m time trial final]]
Na dem encourage Gallagher make she take up cycling by Victorian Institute of Sport coach Glenn Doney. Na de decision make she transfer to cycling dem make am easier after ein favourite athletics event, de long jump, dem no include am for de 2016 Rio Paralympics athletics program top. Gallagher dey believe dat track cycling be easier dan downhill skiing. She say: &quot;Being a skier, the guide is not connected to me like on a tandem and so I need to ski at high speeds under incredibly intense variabilities that constantly change. The velodrome is a stable environment.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; For de 2016 UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships insyd Montichiari, Italy, Gallagher den ein pilot Madison Janssen make dema international debut. Dem win de gold medal insyd de women's Sprint B insyd world record time den de bronze insyd de women's 1 km Time Trial B.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20161026163938/http://www.cycling.org.au/Home/gallagher-gold-headlines-six-medal-haul-on-day-three-1 &quot;Gallagher gold headlines six medal haul on day three&quot;]. ''Cycling Australia News''. 20 March 2016. Archived from [http://www.cycling.org.au/Home/gallagher-gold-headlines-six-medal-haul-on-day-three-1 the original] on 26 October 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160402201651/http://www.cycling.org.au/News/All-News/tandem-duo-sprint-to-maiden-world-title-australia-finishes-with-14-medals &quot;Tandem duo sprint to maiden world title; Australia finishes with 14 medals&quot;]. ''Cycling Australia News''. 21 March 2016. Archived from [http://www.cycling.org.au/News/All-News/tandem-duo-sprint-to-maiden-world-title-australia-finishes-with-14-medals the original] on 2 April 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; Insyd September 2016, she cam turn de first Australian make she medal insyd both de Summer den Winter Paralympics wen she win bronze medal insyd de women's B/VI 1000m time trial for de 2016 Summer Paralympics insyd Rio de Janeiro plus Janssen. Dem fini ninth insyd de women's individual pursuit B.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160922201840/https://www.rio2016.com/en/paralympics/cycling-track-womens-b-1000m-time-trial &quot;Womens B 1000m Time Trial Schedule &amp; Results – Paralympic Cycling Track&quot;]. Rio 2016. Archived from [https://www.rio2016.com/en/paralympics/cycling-track-womens-b-1000m-time-trial the original] on 22 September 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

For de 2018 UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, plus Madison Janssen she win silver medals insyd de women's tandem time trial den sprint.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180403173712/http://www.australiancyclingteam.com/news/10-medals-for-australia-at-para-track-worlds &quot;10 medals for Australia at Para Track Worlds&quot;]. ''Cycling Australia website''. Archived from [http://www.australiancyclingteam.com/news/10-medals-for-australia-at-para-track-worlds the original] on 3 April 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

For de 2019 UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships insyd Apeldoorn, Netherlands, plus Madison Janssen win de silver medal insyd The Women's Tandem Spring wey she fini fourth insyd de women's Time Trial.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.uci.org/track/news/2019/2019-uci-para-cycling-track-world-championships---day-4-report &quot;2019 UCI Para-Cycling Track World Championships – Day 4 Report&quot;]. ''UCI Cycling website''. Retrieved 17 March 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;

For de 2022 Commonwealth Games insyd Birmingham, England, Gallagher win gold medals insyd de women's tandem sprint B den time trial B plus pilot Caitlin Ward.&lt;ref&gt;[https://commonwealthgames.com.au/games/ &quot;2022 Commonwealth Games Results&quot;]. ''Commonwealth Games Australia''. 16 June 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

For de 2022 UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships insyd Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France, plus Caitlin Ward win two silver medals – Women's Sprint B den Women's Time Trial B.&lt;ref&gt;[https://paraworlds2022.veloresults.com/ &quot;Results – UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships&quot;]. ''UCI''. 22 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

For de 2024 UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships insyd Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, plus Caitlin Ward win two bronze medals – Women's Sprint B den Women's Time Trial B.&lt;ref&gt;[https://paraworlds2024.veloresults.com/ &quot;2024 UCI Paracycling Track World Championships&quot;]. ''paraworlds2024.veloresults.com''. Retrieved 24 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Competitive rowing ===
Gallagher plus Alexandra Viney, Tom Birthwhistle, James Talbot den Teesaan Koo (cox) fini fourth insyd de PR3 Mixed Coxed Four for de 2022 World Rowing Championships.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220926040040/https://rowingaustralia.com.au/silver-and-bronze-on-the-penultimate-day-of-the-2022-world-rowing-championships/ &quot;Silver and Bronze on the Penultimate Day of the 2022 World Rowing Championships&quot;]. ''Rowing Australia''. 25 September 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; For de 2023 World Rowing Championships, Gallagher plus ein crew of Tom Birtwhistle, Harrison Nichols, Susannah Lutze, den cox Teesan Koo, fini fourth insyd de PR3 Mixed Coxed Four.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231208154729/https://rowingaustralia.com.au/silver-lining-for-morrison-mcintyre-as-pair-cast-their-eyes-toward-paris/ &quot;Silver lining for Morrison, McIntyre as Pair cast their eyes toward Paris&quot;]. ''Rowing Australia''. 10 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
Wikinews get related news:

* [[wikinews:Wikinews_interviews_Australian_Paralympic_skiers_Jessica_Gallagher_and_Eric_Bickerton|Wikinews interviews Australian Paralympic skiers Jessica Gallagher and Eric Bickerton]]

* [http://www.jessgallagher.com.au/ Official website]
* [https://worldathletics.org/athletes/-/14462276 Jessica Gallagher] at World Athletics 
* [http://athletics.possumbility.com/athletes/athlete6492.htm Jessica Gallagher] at Australian Athletics Historical Results
* [https://rowingaustralia.com.au/athleteprofile/jessica-gallagher Jessica Gallagher] at Rowing Australia
* [https://www.paralympic.org.au/athlete/jessica-gallagher Jessica Gallagher] at Paralympics Australia
* [https://www.paralympic.org/jessica-gallagher Jessica Gallagher] at de International Paralympic Committee
* [https://web.archive.org/web/1/http://ipc.infostradasports.com/asp/lib/TheASP.asp?pageid=8937&amp;sportid=-1&amp;personid=772496 Jessica Gallagher] at IPC.InfostradaSports.com (archived)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160327055025/https://www.visionaustralia.org/fundraising-and-volunteering/ambassadors/jessica-gallagher Vision Australia Ambassador] at de Wayback Machine (archived 27 March 2016)

[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:Australia at de 2016 Summer Paralympics]]
[[Category:Paralympic alpine skiers for Australia]]
[[Category:Paralympic athletes for Australia]]
[[Category:Paralympic cyclists for Australia]]
[[Category:Alpine skiers at de 2010 Winter Paralympics]]
[[Category:Alpine skiers at de 2014 Winter Paralympics]]
[[Category:Cyclists at de 2016 Summer Paralympics]]
[[Category:Cyclists at de 2024 Summer Paralympics]]
[[Category:Cyclists at de 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at de 2010 Winter Paralympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at de 2014 Winter Paralympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at de 2016 Summer Paralympics]]
[[Category:Athletes (track den field) at de 2012 Summer Paralympics]]
[[Category:Paralympic bronze medalists for Australia]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games medallists insyd cycling]]
[[Category:Visually impaired category Paralympic competitors]]
[[Category:Australian female alpine skiers]]
[[Category:Sportspeople wey komot Geelong]]
[[Category:Sportswomen wey komot Victoria (state)]]
[[Category:RMIT University alumni]]
[[Category:Australian netball players]]
[[Category:Australian Institute of Sport Paralympic skiers]]
[[Category:Victorian Institute of Sport alumni]]
[[Category:Australian female javelin throwers]]
[[Category:Australian female long jumpers]]
[[Category:Australian female cyclists]]
[[Category:Paralympic rowers for Australia]]
[[Category:Australian blind people]]
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Paralympic medalists insyd alpine skiing]]
[[Category:Paralympic medalists insyd cycling]]
[[Category:Netball players wey komot Victoria (state)]]
[[Category:20th-century Australian women]]
[[Category:21st-century Australian women]]
[[Category:Medallists at de 2022 Commonwealth Games]]</text>
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    <title>Fella Makafui</title>
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'''Fella Precious Makafui''' (born 19 August, 1995) be Ghanaian actress den philanthropist.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190713210915/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2018/November-13th/i-love-your-hard-african-face-medikal-tells-fella-makafui.php &quot;I love your hard African face – Medikal tells Fella Makafui&quot;]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. Retrieved 2019-07-13.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Githuri, Job (2018-11-12). [https://yen.com.gh/118248-fella-makafuis-biopgraphy-short-facts-life.html &quot;Fella Makafui's life- short facts about her life&quot;]. ''Yen.com.gh - Ghana news''. Retrieved 2019-07-11.&lt;/ref&gt; Dem know am best for ein role for [[YOLO (2016 TV series)|''Yolo'' (Ghanaian TV series)]] insyd.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Yolo-actress-Fella-Makafui-turns-a-year-older-463902 &quot;Yolo actress Fella Makafui turns a year older&quot;]. ''www.ghanaweb.com''. Retrieved 2019-07-13.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Fella-Makafui-dissappointed-in-Tinny-for-releasing-raunchy-video-530676 &quot;Fella Makafui disappointed in Tinny for releasing raunchy video&quot;]. ''www.ghanaweb.com''. Retrieved 2019-07-13.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein life matter den education ==
Dem born Fella for 19 August, 1995 for [[Volta Region]], Ghana. She plete ein secondary school for Kpando Senior High School, wey she go attend [[University of Ghana]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

She marry de singer den rapper Medikal, wey dem get one kiddie wey be girl wey dem name am Island. Dem announce say dem dey separate for 30 March, 2024.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/rapper-medikal-announces-separation-from-fella-makafui/ &quot;Rapper Medikal announces separation from Fella Makafui - MyJoyOnline&quot;]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. 2024-04-01. Retrieved 2024-05-16.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein Career ==
Makafui start ein life as model. Later, she go into acting, wey make am popular wen she act for YOLO (You Only Live Once) TV series. Fella sanso act for some movies like ''Swings'', ''Once Upon a Family,''&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240911120942/https://eonlinegh.com/expensive-cast-ghanaian-movie-premiere-easter-monday/ &quot;Fella Makafui Star In New Movie Once upon a Family&quot;]. ''EOnlineGH.Com''. Retrieved 2019-07-29.&lt;/ref&gt; ''Kada River'', den ''Chaskele''.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/pulse-list-6-female-celebrities-who-have-starred-in-movies-this-year-2018/8xr9nn2 &quot;6 female celebrities who have starred in movies this year 2018&quot;]. ''Entertainment''. 2018-08-15. Retrieved 2019-07-13.&lt;/ref&gt; In ''Once Upon a Family'', Fella get make e work alongside Nigerian actress Mercy Johnson wey play de lead role.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; She currently be de new ambassador give Castle Gate Estate.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20221122131541/https://www.ghbase.com/fella-makafui-bags-new-ambassadorial-deal-with-castle-gate-estate-photos-video/ &quot;Fella Makafui Bags New Ambassadorial Deal With Castle Gate Estate ( Photos +Video) » GhBase•com™&quot;]. ''GhBase•com™''. 2019-07-02. Retrieved 2019-07-11.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein Awards ==

* Most Promising Actress of the Year - City People Entertainment Award (2016) 
* Golden Most Promising - Golden Movie Awards 2016&lt;ref&gt;Online, Peace FM. [https://web.archive.org/web/20241113101454/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/movies/201607/286826.php &quot;Yolo Star Fella Makafui Wins Two Awards In A Month&quot;]. ''www.peacefmonline.com''. Retrieved 2019-07-13.&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==

* [[imdbname:8886649|Fella Makafui]] at IMDb
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Ghanaian actresses]]
[[Category:Ghanaian television actresses]]
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Ghanaians]]
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:People wey komot Volta Region]]
[[Category:Actresses wey komot Accra]]
[[Category:University of Ghana alumni]]
[[Category:Ghanaian philanthropists]]
[[Category:Ghanaian models]]</text>
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'''''John and John''''' be Ghana movie wey feature two paddies wey dem dey bell John. One John deceive one man, sell am fake gold. Dem two paddies dey run away plus de money, buh dema car break down, dem lodge for guest house. As dem dey take de money from dema bag, e fall down, cause trouble among de guests den workers for hotel, everybro wan steal de money.&lt;ref&gt;Osafo-Nkansah, Eugene. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190531152620/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/movies/201704/311766.php &quot;Cast And Crew of &quot;JOHN AND JOHN&quot; Movie To Be Chauffeur Driven In Kantanka Cars&quot;]. ''Peacefmoline''. Eugene Osafo-Nkansah. Retrieved 10 November 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kp9ku1LOQQs JOHN AND JOHN FULL MOVIE] YouTube'', retrieved 2019-11-04&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20201128155615/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2017/04/21/john-john-review-kofas-medias-well-scripted-well-acted-well-directed-story-greed-ticks-boxes/ &quot;'John And John' Review - Kofas Media's Well Scripted, Well Acted And Well Directed Story Of Greed Ticks All The Boxes&quot;]. ''GhanaCelebrities.Com''. 2017-04-21. Retrieved 2019-11-04.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20191104143212/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2017/august-2nd/movie-theft-these-things-happen-ghanaians-love-john-.php &quot;Movie theft: These things happen, Ghanaians love 'John &amp; John' – Kofas&quot;]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. 2017-08-02. Retrieved 2019-11-04.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20191104153604/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2017/april-20th/movie-fans-disappointed-over-john-.php &quot;Movie fans disappointed over 'John &amp; John'&quot;]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. 2017-04-20. Retrieved 2019-11-04.&lt;/ref&gt;

Something wey go interest you be say, de film be complete copy, no permission, of South African film wey dem dey call ''Skeem'', wey Tim Greene write den direct for 2011.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-URwwSMNAA SKEEM vs JOHN &amp; JOHN]'', retrieved 2020-01-24&lt;/ref&gt; For 2017, Ghana journalists reach out to Greene make dem verify Asamoah ein talk say he get permission make he copy de movie, buh he no get. Asamoah gree say he go buy de remake rights, buh he no do am. Nobody take legal action, secof de cost make dem pursue intellectual property case against Asamoah no go make sense.

== Cast ==

* ''[[Kwadwo Nkansah]] (Lil win)''
* ''Richard Asante (Kalybos)''
* ''Pete Edochie''
* ''[[Nana Ama McBrown|Nana Ama Mcbrown]]''
* ''[[Joselyn Dumas]]''
* ''KSM''
* ''Patricia Opoku-Agyemang (Ahuofe Patri)''
* ''Bishop Bernard Nyarko''
* ''Selly Galley''
* ''Salma Mumin''
* ''[[John Dumelo]]''
* ''Abeiku Santana''
* ''Gracey Nortey''
* ''[[Grace Omaboe]]''
* ''Moesha Buduong''
* ''Fella Makafui''
* ''Roselyn Ngissah''
* ''James Gardiner''
* ''Umar Krupp''

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:English-language Ghanaian films]]
[[Category:2010s English-language films]]
[[Category:Ghanaian drama films]]
[[Category:2017 films]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kakum River</title>
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De '''Kakum River''' be water body wey dey locate insyd Esuekyir, suburb of [[Cape Coast]] insyd de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central Region]] of Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.modernghana.com/news/168833/kakum-river-claims-three-lives-in-cape-coast.html &quot;Kakum River claims three lives in Cape Coast&quot;]. ''Modern Ghana''. 7 June 2008. Retrieved 15 October 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Otchere, Gertrude Owireduwaah (2023-04-11). [https://www.adomonline.com/running-water-sweeps-away-boy-12-at-cape-coast/ &quot;Running water sweeps away boy, 12, at Cape Coast - Adomonline.com&quot;]. Retrieved 2024-10-15.&lt;/ref&gt; Na dem name de [[Kakum National Park|Kakum Conservation Area]] after de river.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/kakum-national-park-anticipates-more-than-20000-visitors-in-december/ &quot;Kakum National Park anticipates more than 20,000 visitors in December - MyJoyOnline&quot;]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. 2023-12-05. Retrieved 2024-10-15.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Majumder, Rupankar (7 August 2022). [https://www.alcircle.com/news/aluminium-ladders-support-the-canopy-walkway-at-kakum-national-park-ghana-82203 &quot;Aluminium ladders support the canopy walkway at Kakum National Park, Ghana&quot;]. ''AL Circle''. Retrieved 15 October 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; Insyd 2013, na dem dredge de river make e prevent flooding insyd de Kwaprow area.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.modernghana.com/news/478444/veep-inspects-kakum-river-dredging-project.html &quot;Veep inspects Kakum River dredging project&quot;]. ''Modern Ghana''. 30 July 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; De river dey supply water to Cape Coast den about 133 other towns den villages.&lt;ref&gt;[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1396/ &quot;Kakum National Park (Assin Attandanso Reserve) (#)&quot;]. ''whc.unesco.org''. 15 October 2024. Retrieved 15 October 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
[[Category:Rivers insyd Ghana]]

&lt;references /&gt;
== External links ==

* Amofa-Appiah, Juliana (2019-03). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20250626120600/https://ir.ucc.edu.gh/xmlui/handle/123456789/3983 Morphology of the Kakum River: A study on a small forested River in the Central Region, Ghana]'' (Thesis). [[University of Cape Coast]].
* Addico, Gloria &amp; Lawton, Linda &amp; Edwards, Christine. (2017). ''Hepatotoxic-Microcystins in Two Drinking Water Reservoirs in the Central Region of Ghana''. Toxicology and Forensic Medicine - Open Journal. 2. 1-11. 10.17140/TFMOJ-2-111.
* Abraham, Ernest Mensah (2003). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250108222320/https://iess.ug.edu.gh/sites/iess.ug.edu.gh/files/Student_Projects/2003%20IESS%20-%20The%20Impact%20of%20Human%20Activities%20on%20the%20Kakum%20River,%20Central%20Region.pdf &quot;THE IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON THE KAKUM RIVER, CENTRAL REGION&quot;] (PDF). ''iess.ug.edu.gh''. Retrieved 15 October 2024.
[[Category:Central Region (Ghana)]]
[[Category:Ghana]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kuami Eugene</title>
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'''Eugene Kwame Marfo''' wey dem born am on February 1, 1997,&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231207194302/https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Kuami-Eugene-2003 &quot;Kuami Eugene, Biography&quot;]. ''www.ghanaweb.com''.&lt;/ref&gt; dey go by stage name '''Kuami Eugene'''. He be Ghanaian High-life plus Afrobeat singer-songwriter and record producer. He dey under Lynx Entertainment plus Empire Distribution &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Kuami-Eugene-Mtn-Hitmaker-fame-now-signed-by-Lynx-Entertainment-486483 &quot;Kuami Eugene – Mtn Hitmaker fame now signed by Lynx Entertainment«&quot;]. GhanaWeb. 13 November 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;. People sabi am for plenty bangers like &quot;Angela&quot;, &quot;Wish Me Well&quot;, &quot;Ohemaa&quot;, &quot;Wa Ye Wie&quot; plus other jams.

For 2017 and 2018 inside, Kuami Eugene win Unsung Artist and New Artist awards from Ghana Music Awards &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250611192250/https://gmauk.co.uk/winners-2018/ &quot;WINNERS 2018&quot;]. ''gmauk''. Retrieved 2024-11-09.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ghana Music Awards UK too give am recognition. AFRIMA plus LYNXGHANA dash am the Most Promising Artist in Africa award &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/kuami-eugene-is-the-most-promising-artiste-in-africa-at-afrima-2018/2fl6kf5 &quot;Kuami Eugene is the &quot;Most Promising Artiste in Africa&quot;] at AFRIMA 2018&quot;. ''Entertainment''. 2018-11-25. Retrieved 2019-06-28.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240318200112/https://lynxghana.com/artistes/kuami-eugene/#:~:text=Kuami%20Eugene%20has%20received%20many,the%202018%2C%202019%20and%202020 &quot;Kuami Eugene – the Lynx Family – Ghana&quot;.]&lt;/ref&gt;.

For 2019, he grab 7 nominations for [[Ghana Music Awards]] and he win Album of the Year, Producer of the Year, and Highlife Artist of the Year &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/2019-VGMAs-Full-list-of-winners-747499 &quot;2019 VGMAs: Full list of winners&quot;]. ''Ghana Web''. 19 May 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;. Then for 2020 inside, dem crown am Artist of the Year plus High-life Artist of the Year again for the same Ghana Music Awards &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230718185442/https://myjoyonline.com/news/national/kuami-eugene-wins-vgma-artiste-of-the-year-2020/ &quot;Kuami Eugene wins VGMA Artiste of the Year 2020&quot;]. ''MyJoyOnline.com''. 2020-08-30. Retrieved 2020-08-30.&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Discography==

===Singles===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
|-
! style=&quot;width:14em;&quot; | Title
!Year
!Album
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Ɛbɛyɛyie&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2017
| Non-album singles
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Fadama Boy&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Hiribaba&quot; {{small|(featuring MzVee)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Boom Bang Bang&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Angela&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |''Rockstar''
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Confusion&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2018
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Wish Me Well&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Wish Me Well remix&quot; {{small|(featuring Ice Prince)}}
| Non-album singles
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Meji Meji&quot; {{small|(featuring Davido)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Walaahi&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Rockstar''
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;No More&quot; {{small|(featuring Sarkodie)}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2019
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Ohemaa&quot; {{small|(featuring KiDi)}}
| Non-album singles
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Obiaato&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Turn Up&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2020
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Ghana We Dey&quot; {{small|(featuring Samini &amp; Shatta Wale)}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Son of Africa''
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Open Gate&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Fire Fire&quot;
|2022
|Fire Fire
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Love and Chaos&quot;
|2023
|Love and Chaos
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Take  Away&quot;
|
|Take Away
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Monica&quot;
|2024
|Monica
|}
== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Eugene, Kuami}}
[[Category:1997 births]]
[[Category:Ghanaians]]
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian singers]]
[[Category:Ghanaian songwriters]]
[[Category:Ghanaian Afrobeat musicians]]
[[Category:Ghanaian highlife musicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian musicians]]
[[Category:People wey komot Eastern Region (Ghana)]]
[[Category:Musicians wey komot Accra]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Félix Houphouët-Boigny</title>
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'''Félix Houphouët-Boigny''' (French: [feliks ufwɛ(t) bwaɲi];&lt;ref name=&quot;lavishnyt&quot;&gt;{{cite news|first=Kenneth B.|last=Noble|title=For Ivory Coast's Founder, Lavish Funeral|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E07E1D61638F93BA35751C0A962958260&amp;sec=&amp;spon=&amp;pagewanted=all|work=New York Times|date=8 February 1994|access-date=22 July 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Félix Houphouët-Boigny |work=France Actuelle |volume=5 |date=1956 |page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt; 18 October 1905&amp;nbsp;– 7 December 1993), dem affectionately call '''Papa Houphouët''' anaa '''Le Vieux''' (&quot;De Old One&quot;), na he be an Ivorian politician den physician wey serve as de first presido of [[Ivory Coast]] from 1960 til ein death insyd 1993. A tribal chief, na he work as a medical aide, union leader, den planter before na dem elect am to de French Parliament insyd 1945. Na he serve insyd chaw ministerial positions within de Government of France before he lead Ivory Coast following independence insyd 1960. Thru out ein life, na he play a significant role insyd politics den de decolonisation of Africa.

Under Houphouët-Boigny ein politically moderate leadership, na Ivory Coast prosper economically. Dis success, uncommon insyd poverty-ridden West Africa, cam be known as de &quot;Ivorian miracle&quot;; na e be secof a combination of sound planning, de maintenance of strong ties plus de West (particularly France) den development of de country ein significant coffee den cocoa industries. However, na reliance on de agricultural sector cause difficulties insyd 1980, after a sharp drop insyd de prices of coffee den cocoa.

Thru out ein presidency, na Houphouët-Boigny maintain a close relationship plus France, a policy dem know as Françafrique, wey na he build a close friendship plus Jacques Foccart, de chief adviser on African policy insyd de administrations of Charles de Gaulle den Georges Pompidou. Na he aid de conspirators wey oust [[Kwame Nkrumah]] from power insyd [[Ghana]] insyd 1966, na he take part insyd de failed coup against Mathieu Kérékou insyd [[Benin]] insyd 1977, na he be suspected of involvement insyd de 1987 coup d'état wey remove [[Thomas Sankara]] from power insyd [[Burkina Faso]] wey na he provide assistance to UNITA, a United States-supported, anti-communist rebel movement wey Jonas Savimbi lead insyd [[Angola]]. Na Houphouët-Boigny maintain a strong anti-communist foreign policy, wich result in, among oda things, he severe diplomatic relations plus de Soviet Union insyd 1969 (after na first he establish relations insyd 1967) wey he refuse to recognise de [[China|People's Republic of China]] til 1983. Na he re-establish relations plus de Soviet Union insyd 1986.

Insyd de West, na Houphouët-Boigny commonly be known as de &quot;Sage of Africa&quot; anaa de &quot;Grand Old Man of Africa&quot;. Na Houphouët-Boigny move de country ein capital from Abidjan to ein hometown of Yamoussoukro wey na he build de world ein largest church der, de Basilica of Our Lady of Peace, at a cost of US$300&amp;nbsp;million. At de time of ein death, na he be de longest-serving leader insyd Africa ein history den de third longest-serving leader insyd de world after Fidel Castro of Cuba den Kim Il Sung of North Korea. Insyd 1989, na [[UNESCO]] create de Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize for de &quot;safeguarding, maintaining den seeking of peace&quot;. After ein death, na conditions insyd Ivory Coast quickly deteriorate. Between 1994 den 2002, na der be a number of coups, a devaluation of de [[West African CFA franc|CFA franc]] den an economic recession; na a civil war begin insyd 2002.

==Early life==

=== Birth, kiddie time den education ===
According to ein official biography, na dem probably born Houphouët-Boigny on 18 October 1905, insyd Yamoussoukro to a family of hereditary chiefs of de Baoulé people.&lt;ref name=&quot;assemblee&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Biographies des députés de la IV République: Félix Houphouët-Boigny|url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/histoire/biographies/IVRepublique/houphouet-boigny-felix-18101905.asp|url-status=live|access-date=17 July 2008|publisher=National Assembly of France|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Unofficial accounts, however, place ein birth date up to seven years earlier. Born into de animist Akouès tribe, na dem name am Dia Houphouët: ein first name ''Dia'' dey mean &quot;prophet&quot; anaa &quot;magician&quot;. Na ein poppie be N'Doli Houphouët. Na Dia Houphouët be de great-nephew thru ein his mommie of Queen Yamousso den de village chief, Kouassi N'Go. Wen na dem murder N'Go insyd 1910, na dem name Dia make he succeed am as chief.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellenbogen&quot;&gt;Ellenbogen, pp. 26–31.&lt;/ref&gt; Secof ein young age, na ein step poppie Gbro Diby rule as regent til Dia cam of age; na Dia ein poppie already die.&lt;ref name=&quot;combat&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.dialprod.com/memoire/parcours.html|title=Spécial Houphouet|work=Fraternité Matin|access-date=22 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509075415/http://www.dialprod.com/memoire/parcours.html|archive-date=9 May 2008|language=fr|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Houphouët-Boigny come from family wey be tribal chiefs through ein mommie, Kimou N'Dri (wey dem too dey call N'Dri Kan). She die later insyd 1936.&lt;ref name=&quot;combat&quot; /&gt; Dem still get doubt about who ein poppie be, N'Doli. Officially, dem talk say he from de N'Zipri of Didiévi tribe. N'Doli Houphouët die shortly after ein pikin Augustin born, but no reliable info dey about how or when he die. Houphouët-Boigny get two big sisters, Faitai (1898?–1998) den Adjoua (wey die 1987), plus one small bro Augustin (wey die 1939).&lt;ref name=&quot;histoire&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Histoire de la famille Boigny |url=http://www.rezoivoire.net/cotedivoire/patrimoine/111/histoire-de-la-famille-boigny.html |access-date=4 August 2008 |publisher=Réseau Ivoire}}&lt;/ref&gt;     

De French colonial people recognize tribal leaders; dem arrange make Houphouët go school for de military post for Bonzi, near ein village, so dem fit prepare am as future leader, even though ein family people, especially ein great-aunt Queen Yamousso, no gree. Insyd 1915, dem transfer am go école primaire supérieure (secondary) for Bingerville even though ein family no want make he go boarding school. That same year for Bingerville, Houphouët turn Christian; he see am as modern religion wey go stop Islam from spreading. He choose de name Félix as ein Christian name.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellenbogen&quot; /&gt;     

Houphouët come first for ein class, so dem accept am enter École normale supérieure William Ponty for 1919, wey he take earn teaching certificate. Insyd 1921, he go École de médecine de l’AOF (French West Africa School of Medicine) insyd French Senegal, wey he come first again for 1925 den qualify as medical assistant.&lt;ref name=&quot;Segal282&quot;&gt;Segal, p. 282.&lt;/ref&gt; But as he no finish de full medical training, he fit only qualify as ''médecin africain&lt;ref name=&quot;bio&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Encyclopædia Universalis |title-link=Encyclopædia Universalis |publisher=Encyclopædia Universalis |year=1975 |location=Paris |language=fr |chapter=Félix Houphouët-Boigny}}&lt;/ref&gt;'' — doctor wey dem no dey pay well.&lt;ref name=&quot;rvx&quot;&gt;{{cite AV media |url=http://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/em/rendezvousavecx/index.php?id=32381 |title=Houphouët-Boigny Part 1 |date=9 April 2005 |medium=radio |language=fr |publisher=[[France Inter]] |access-date=22 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220123839/https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/em/rendezvousavecx/index.php?id=32381 |archive-date=20 February 2023 |url-status=dead |people=Pesnot, Patrick (producer), Michele Billoud (director)}}&lt;/ref&gt;            

=== Medical career ===
On 26 October 1925, Houphouët start ein work as doctor ein assistant for hospital insyd Abidjan. There, he form one association for indigenous medical workers.  But dis move no last, as de colonial authorities see am like trade union, so dem no like am. Because of dis, dem transfer am go smaller hospital for Guiglo on 27 April 1927. But after he show say he get real talent, dem promote am on 17 September 1929 go position for Abengourou — place wey before now dem dey keep for Europeans only. Insyd Abengourou, Houphouët see how colonial people dey treat de local cocoa farmers bad.&lt;ref name=&quot;patriote&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.lepatriote.net/lire/f24d1675-b40d-42fe-9f00-23be399b0833.aspx|title=Commémoration de la naissance de Félix Houphouët Boigny: Houphouët a eu 102 ans hier|last=Samou|first=Diawara|date=19 October 2007|work=Le Patriote|access-date=22 July 2008|language=fr|archive-date=11 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111135525/http://www.lepatriote.net/lire/f24d1675-b40d-42fe-9f00-23be399b0833.aspx|url-status=usurped}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Insyd 1932, Houphouët decide say e go take action. He lead one farmers' movement wey go against de powerful white landowners but support de colonial government demma economic policy, since e favour de farmers. On 22 December, he publish one article for de Ivorian socialist newspaper ''Trait d’union'' wey e call &quot;On nous a trop volés&quot; (Dem don thief from we too much), but he use pseudonym take write am.&lt;ref name=&quot;bio2&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Nanet |first=Bernard |title=Encyclopædia Universalis |title-link=Encyclopædia Universalis |publisher=Encyclopædia Universalis |year=1999 |location=Paris |language=fr |chapter=Félix Houphouët-Boigny}}&lt;/ref&gt;   

De next year, ein tribe call am make he come take over as village chief. But as he prefer to continue ein medical work, he give de position to ein younger brother Augustin. As he want stay closer to ein village, he get transfer go Dimbokro on 3 February 1934, den again go Toumodi on 28 June 1936. Even though he dey show professional behaviour, some people around am no dey comfortable with ein attitude. So by September 1938, ein clinical director tell am make he choose between ein work as doctor and ein political involvement. But e no take long — ein brother die for 1939, so Houphouët become ''chef de canton'' (post wey de colonial government create to collect tax)&lt;ref&gt;Mortimer, p. 36&lt;/ref&gt;. Because of dat, he end ein medical career de following year.&lt;ref name=&quot;assemblee&quot; /&gt;      

=== First marriage ===
Insyd 1930, Houphouët marry Kady Racine Sow (1913–2006) for Abengourou. Demma marriage cause controversy because Houphouët be Catholic wey dey practise ein faith, but Kady be daughter of one rich Muslim man from Senegal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Guillaume N.|last=Tano|title=Mamie Khady Sow inhumée hier à Abengourou|url=http://www.linter-ci.com/article.php3?id_article=1852|work=l'Inter|date=17 March 2006|access-date=31 July 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430044919/http://www.linter-ci.com/article.php3?id_article=1852|archive-date=30 April 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later, both demma families put demma opposition down den accept de interfaith marriage, wey be de first one ever wey dem celebrate for Ivory Coast. Dem born five children: Felix (wey die as baby), Augustine, Francis, Guillaume, plus Marie — all of dem raise as Catholics.&lt;ref name=&quot;miran2&quot;&gt;Miran, p. 155.&lt;/ref&gt;        

=== ''Chef de canton'' den union leader ===
As Houphouët become chef de canton, he take charge of de administration for Akouè, one canton wey get 36 villages. He sana take over de family plantation—wey at dat time be one of de most important ones for de country—den he work make dem plant rubber, cocoa plus coffee insyd.  E no take long wey he become one of de richest farmers insyd Africa. On 3 September 1944, he start de African Agricultural Union (Syndicat agricole africain, SAA) together plus de colonial administration. As president, de SAA gather African farmers wey no dey happy plus demma working conditions, den dem fight to protect demma interests against de European planters. De union no dey like colonialism or racism, so dem ask for better working conditions, higher pay, plus make dem stop forced labour. About 20,000 plantation workers support de union sharp, plus some left-wing French administrators wey de Provisional Government appoint.  Demma success vex de colonists, so dem take Houphouët go court say he be anti-French because he no apply for French citizenship. But Houphouët make friendship plus de Inspector Minister of de Colonies, wey come tell dem make dem drop de charges. Still, de colonists manage sack de friendly Governor André Latrille den replace am plus de hostile Governor Henry de Mauduit.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mortimer62&quot;&gt;Mortimer, pp. 62–64&lt;/ref&gt;       

Houphouët enter politics insyd August 1945, when dem first hold elections insyd Abidjan city council. De French electoral rules talk say make dem divide de elected people: half must be French citizens (mostly Europeans), den de other half non-citizens. Houphouët respond by forming one multi-ethnic all-African group wey get both non-citizens den citizens (mostly Senegalese wey get French citizenship). Because of dis move, most of de African people wey wan contest pull out, den many French people wey no dey happy boycott de vote, wey make Houphouët ein African Bloc win am strong.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mortimer62&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mundt183&quot;&gt;Mundt, p. 183.&lt;/ref&gt;         

Insyd October 1945, Houphouët move go national politics; de French government say make dem give demma colonies representation for de ''assemblée constituante'' (Constituent Assembly), so dem give Côte d’Ivoire plus Upper Volta two MPs in Parliament together.  One go represent de French citizens, den de other go represent de local people. But only small number—less than 1% of de population—fit vote. Governor de Mauduit try stop Houphouët by supporting anoda candidate, plus full support from de administration. But because de SAA organize strong, Houphouët win de indigenous seat with about 1,000-vote lead. Still, e no get majority, because plenty candidates dey. Second round of election come on 4 November 1945, den Houphouët win again—this time, he beat one Upper Voltan candidate narrowly, with 12,980 votes from 31,081 total. From there, he add &quot;Boigny&quot; to ein name, wey for Baoulé mean &quot;irresistible force&quot;, to show ein power as leader.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellenbogen&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mortimer62&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Brockman, p. 146.&lt;/ref&gt;           

== French political career ==

=== Member of Parliament ===
As Houphouët-Boigny take ein seat for de National Assembly for de Palais Bourbon together plus ein compatriots Daniel Ouezzin Coulibaly den Zinda Kaboré, he first need choose which group he go join, den he go for de ''Mouvements unis de la Résistance'' (Unified Resistance Movements), one small party wey get Communist sympathizers but dem no be official members of de Communist Party. Dem appoint am as member of de ''Commission des territoires d’outre-mer'' (Commission of Overseas Territories). During dis period, he dey work make he fulfill de plans of de SAA, especially by proposing one bill wey go cancel forced labour—de most unpopular aspect of de French colonial system. De Assembly adopt dis bill, wey dem call ''Loi Houphouët-Boigny'', on 11 April 1946, wey boost ein reputation pass ein own country. On 3 April 1946, Houphouët-Boigny again propose make dem unify labour regulations across de African territories; dis one complete insyd 1952. Then, on 27 September 1946, he submit report on de health system for de overseas territories, wey he call for reform.  Insyd all ein time inside Parliament, Houphouët-Boigny support de idea say make all French territories join under one union.&lt;ref name=&quot;assemblee&quot; /&gt;   

As de first constitution wey de Constituent Assembly propose no pass for de voters ein side, dem hold new elections for 1946 for one second constituent assembly. Insyd dis election inside, Houphouët-Boigny organize on 9 April 1946, plus support from de Communist Study Groups, de Democratic Party of Ivory Coast – African Democratic Rally (PDCI), wey ein structure resemble de one of de SAA. Dis party quick become de first African independent party wey succeed, as de new party wey Houphouët-Boigny lead win de election easy with 21,099 votes out of 37,888, while ein opponents just get few hundreds each. One thing wey help am be say dem recall Governor Latrille, as de one wey come before am lose ein position from de Overseas Minister Marius Moutet because he oppose de abolition of de ''indigénat''.&lt;ref&gt;Mortimer, p. 75&lt;/ref&gt;      

As Houphouët-Boigny go back enter de assembly, dem appoint am for de ''Commission du règlement et du suffrage universel'' (Commission for Regulation of Universal Suffrage). From 1947 go 1948, as secretary for de commission, he propose on 18 February 1947 make dem reform French West Africa (AOF), French Equatorial Africa (AEF), plus de federal council for de French territories so dat dem go represent African people well. He still call make dem form local assemblies for Africa so say Africans go fit learn how to dey manage political matters by demselves.&lt;ref name=&quot;assemblee&quot; /&gt;       

=== Foundation of de RDA den Communist alliance ===
As dem dey hold de second Constituent Assembly, de African representatives see strong reaction against de colonial liberalism wey dem put for de constitution wey de first assembly draft but voters reject. De new constitution wey dem approve on 13 October 1946 reduce de African representatives from 30 come 24, plus e reduce de number of people wey fit vote; e still leave plenty colonial matters wey de executive fit control by decree, plus de supervision over de colonial administration still weak. As dem feel say de MRP demma promises and de ones of de Socialists no reach anywhere, de African deputies conclude say dem need build one permanent coalition wey no go depend on de French parties. Na Houphouët-Boigny first propose dis idea give ein African colleagues, den he get demma full support for make dem hold founding congress insyd October insyd Bamako insyd French Sudan.&lt;ref&gt;Mortimer, p. 105&lt;/ref&gt;         

Dem no reach to form dem own parliamentary group, so de African deputies no get choice than to join one of de bigger parties make dem fit sidon together for Palais Bourbon. So na so de RDA join de French Communist Party (PCF), wey be de only political group wey openly oppose colonialism, den dem begin organize strikes den boycott European imports. Houphouët-Boigny defend dis alliance say na de only way wey e voice go fit reach people dat time: “Even before de creation of RDA, de alliance don help our cause: insyd March 1946, dem adopt de abolition of compulsory labour unanimously, without any vote, all because of our tactical alliance.” Anytime wey e dey Paris, he dey ride black limousine go de PCF executive school. Because of dis contrast, he talk say e no get any communist sympathy: “I be Houphouët—traditional leader, doctor, big landowner, Catholic—how dem go talk say I be communist?”&lt;ref name=&quot;mod&quot;&gt;Thomas Deltombe, Manuel Domergue, Jacob Tatsita, Kamerun !, 2018&lt;/ref&gt;         

As Cold War start, de alliance plus de Communists start dey harm de RDA well-well. De French colonial administration begin show strong hostility toward de RDA den ein president, wey dem dey call “Stalinist.” For Ivory Coast, repression against ein party, de PDCI, increase. Dem dey regularly arrest den beat activists, sometimes even torture dem; some people lose demma work. One of de main leaders for de party, Senator Biaka Boda, dem find am hang den tear tear for forest while e still dey under police pursuit. Houphouët-Boigny start dey fear for ein life den de future of de movement. De tension reach ein peak for early 1950, when anti-colonial violence burst out, den dem arrest almost de whole PDCI leadership. Houphouët-Boigny escape just before police reach ein house. Even though ein position as MP go protect am with immunity, people believe say e escape because of ein high status den influence. Wahala burst after dat, riots start insyd Ivory Coast; de worst one happen for Dimbokro where 13 Africans die den 50 wound as dem clash with police. Official reports talk say by 1951, 52 Africans die, several hundreds injure, den around 3,000 people arrest—but journalist Ronald Segal for ''African Profiles'' talk say dis numbers low pass de real figures. To calm de crisis, Prime Minister René Pleven give François Mitterrand, wey be France ein Minister for Overseas Territories, de responsibility to break de link between de RDA den de PCF. Truly, insyd 1952, RDA form official alliance plus Mitterrand ein party, de UDSR. As Houphouët-Boigny realize say e no get way out, e agree insyd October 1950 to end de Communist alliance. When dem ask am for one interview wey no get date why e work plus de communists, Houphouët-Boigny talk say: “I, wey be bourgeois landowner, I go preach class struggle? Na why we follow de Communist Party, but we no join dem.” One 1954 report from French military authorities point say Houphouët-Boigny “play ein own game alone with serious tactics, delays den clever tricks, e no call de Coordination Committee or party congress, wey fit oppose dis change of direction, den e slowly turn de party to one wey dey support de administration.” De secretary-general of de RDA, Gabriel d'Arboussier, no gree follow dis new road so e lef de party. Same way, de Union of the Peoples of Cameroon, de Union démocratique sénégalaise den de Niger Democratic Union all refuse to break demma connection plus de PCF den de CGT.&lt;ref name=&quot;mod2&quot;&gt;Thomas Deltombe, Manuel Domergue, Jacob Tatsita, Kamerun !, 2018&lt;/ref&gt;              

=== Rehabilitation den entry into government ===
Insyd de 1951 elections, dem reduce de number of seats from three go two; even though Houphouët-Boigny still win ein seat, de other RDA candidate, Ouezzin Coulibaly, no win. Altogether, RDA gather only 67,200 votes out of 109,759 wey people cast for dat election, den de party wey dey oppose dem directly take one seat. On 8 August 1951, Boigny talk for René Pleven ein inauguration as president of de board say e no be leader of communist group; people no believe am until RDA join UDSR for 1952. On de 24th of dat same month, Boigny make one statement for de Assembly wey challenge de election result, say e be fraud. E sana talk say dem dey exploit de overseas deputies as “voting machines” wey just dey act like political pawns to support everything de colonial government do. After dat, Houphouët-Boigny plus de RDA no dey successful for small time until dem come gain victory again for 1956 elections; for dat year, de party get 502,711 votes out of 579,550 cast. From dat moment, people forget ein connection plus Communism, den dem begin see am as moderate person. Dem make am member of de Committees on Universal Suffrage (wey be different from de committee wey dey regulate de suffrage), Constitutional Laws, Rules den Petitions. On 1 February 1956, dem appoint am as Minister wey dey carry de responsibilities of de Presidency of de Council insyd Guy Mollet ein government, post wey e hold until 13 June 1957. Dis be de first time wey African person enter such high position for French government. De main achievement wey e get for dis role be say e create one organisation for Saharan regions wey go help make de French Union strong den fight Morocco ein territorial claims for de Sahara.&lt;ref&gt;Nandjui, p. 133.&lt;/ref&gt;              

E no talk anything against de First Indochina War or against how Guy Mollet vote make dem give special powers to suppress de National Liberation Front ein rebellion for Algeria.              

On 6 November 1957, Houphouët-Boigny become Minister of Public Health and Population for de Gaillard government, den e try reform de public health code. Before dat, e serve as Minister of State under Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury from 13 June to 6 November 1957. After ein time for de Gaillard government end, dem appoint am again as Minister of State from 14 May 1958 to 20 May 1959. For dis position inside, e help shape France ein African policy, especially for de area of culture. Na through ein effort dem create de Bureau of French Overseas Students den de University of Dakar. On 4 October 1958, Houphouët-Boigny be one of de people wey sign de Constitution of de Fifth Republic together plus de Gaulle. De last position wey e hold for France be Minister-Counsellor inside de Michel Debré ein government, from 23 July 1959 to 19 May 1961.&lt;ref name=&quot;assnat&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Gouvernements et Présidents des assemblées parlementaires |url=http://www.assembleenationale.fr/gouv_parl/result.asp?choixdate=intervalle&amp;poste=sans+portefeuille&amp;vip=categorie |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423231653/http://www.assembleenationale.fr/gouv_parl/result.asp?choixdate=intervalle&amp;poste=sans+portefeuille&amp;vip=categorie |archive-date=23 April 2008 |access-date=22 July 2008 |publisher=[[National Assembly of France|French National Assembly]] |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Leading up to independence ===
Till middle of de 1950s, French colonies wey dey west den central Africa dey grouped insyd two federations: French Equatorial Africa (AEF) den French West Africa (AOF). Côte d'Ivoire dey insyd AOF, den e dey finance almost two-thirds of AOF ein budget. Houphouët-Boigny want make ein country free itself from de control of AOF, so e support one type of Africa wey go consist of nations wey go create wealth instead of nations wey go just share poverty den suffering. E play active role for de drafting den adoption of de Defferre Loi Cadre, one French legal reform wey, apart from granting autonomy to de African colonies, go break de links wey dey hold de various territories together, so dem go get more control over demma own affairs through local assemblies. Plenty of Houphouët-Boigny ein fellow Africans no agree plus dis Defferre Loi Cadre: Léopold Sédar Senghor, wey be Senegal ein leader, be de first person wey oppose dis move wey e call &quot;Balkanization&quot; of Africa. E talk say de colonial territories no reflect any real connection—geographical, economic, ethnic, or linguistic. Senghor believe say if dem maintain de AOF, e go make de territories get stronger political recognition den allow dem to develop in unity and become real nations. Plenty members of de African Democratic Rally (RDA) share dis view, so dem support Ahmed Sékou Touré den Modibo Keïta, wey cause Houphouët-Boigny to dey insyd de minority for de 1957 congress wey dem hold for Bamako.&lt;ref&gt;Nandjui, p. 86.&lt;/ref&gt;

After dem adopt de Loi Cadre reform on 23 June 1956, dem organize territorial election for Ivory Coast on 3 March 1957. Insyd dis election inside, de PDCI—wey Houphouët-Boigny take strong hand turn into one political machine—win plenty seats. Houphouët-Boigny, wey already dey serve as minister for France, plus ein role as President of de Territorial Assembly and mayor of Abidjan, select Auguste Denise to act as Vice President of de Government Council of Ivory Coast, even though e still remain de only person wey France dey talk to from de colony. Houphouët-Boigny ein popularity den influence inside France ein African colonies grow reach level wey one French magazine talk say by 1956, ein photograph dey everywhere—inside huts, on top coat lapels, for African women demma corsages, den even on bicycle handlebars.&lt;ref name=&quot;leaderfreedom&quot;&gt;{{cite news|first=Kenneth B.|last=Noble|title=Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Ivory Coast's Leader Since Freedom in 1960, Is Dead|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CEED6133DF93BA35751C1A965958260|work=[[New York Times]]|date=8 December 1993|access-date=23 July 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 7 April 1957, Ghana ein prime minister, Kwame Nkrumah, come visit Ivory Coast, den e call make all colonies for Africa declare demma independence.&lt;ref&gt;Nandjui, p. 166.&lt;/ref&gt; Houphouët-Boigny reply Nkrumah say:&lt;blockquote&gt;Your experience be really impressive ... But sake of de human relationship between de French den de Africans, plus say for dis 20th century inside, people all turn interdependent, we reason say e go fit better make we try one new den different experience wey go be unique—one Franco-African community wey go base on equality den fraternity.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Unlike plenty African leaders wey rush go ask for independence straight, Houphouët-Boigny prefer make dem do am gradually insyd de &quot;ensemble français&quot; because, as e talk, political independence without economic independence no get value. E too invite Nkrumah make dem meet again after 10 years to see which one among de two choose de better way toward independence.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nandjui167&quot;&gt;Nandjui, p. 167.&lt;/ref&gt;

Insyd 28 September 1958, Charles de Gaulle bring one constitutional referendum come give de Franco-African community: dem give de territories two options—either make dem support de constitution or declare dem independence but cut demselves off from France. For Houphouët-Boigny, de decision be clear: &quot;No matter wetin happen, Côte d'Ivoire go join de Franco-African community straight. De other territories fit decide to join together first before dem enter.&quot; Na only Guinea choose independence; ein leader Ahmed Sékou Touré go against Houphouët-Boigny ein stance, as e talk say ein choice be &quot;freedom insyd poverty better pass wealth insyd slavery.&quot; De referendum bring out de French Community, one institution wey dem plan as association of free republics wey go control foreign policy, defense, currency, common ethnic den financial policy, plus strategic raw materials.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |editor-last=Handloff |editor-first=Robert E. |title=''Reforms and the French Community'' in ''Ivory Coast: A Country Study'' |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ci0026) |access-date=28 July 2008 |publisher=Library of Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Houphouët-Boigny get strong mind make e stop de dominance wey Senegal dey try show insyd West Africa, so political fight start between Ivorian leaders den dem Senegalese counterparts. Houphouët-Boigny no gree go de Inter-African conference wey dem do insyd Dakar on 31 December 1958, wey be meeting wey dem plan make e build foundation for de Federation of Francophone African States. Even though dat federation no come happen, Senegal plus Mali (wey dem dey call French Sudan by den) come form dem own political union, wey dem call de Mali Federation. After Charles de Gaulle allow make de Mali Federation take ein independence insyd 1959, Houphouët-Boigny start try make dem plans fail; as e work hand-in-hand plus France, e fit persuade Upper Volta, Dahomey, plus Niger make dem pull out from de Mali Federation,&lt;ref&gt;Nandjui, p. 101.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Handloff (ed.), &quot;[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ci0027) Independence and the Institutionalization of the One-Party System]&quot; in ''Ivory Coast: A Country Study''. Retrieved on 3 August 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; before de union collapse insyd August 1960.

== President of Ivory Coast ==

=== Early years den second marriage ===
Houphouët-Boigny officially turn head of government insyd Ivory Coast on 1 May 1959. Even though no rival political party dey challenge am as de PDCI already turn de de facto state party since 1957, e still face opposition from people insyd ein own government. Some radical nationalists, wey Jean-Baptiste Mockey dey lead, come stand against de government ein Francophile policies. As Houphouët-Boigny wan handle dis wahala, e come decide make e exile Mockey insyd September 1959, claim say Mockey try kill am through voodoo charm under wetin e call &quot;complot du chat noir&quot; (black cat conspiracy).&lt;ref&gt;Nandjui, p. 45.&lt;/ref&gt;

After Ivory Coast gain independence from France on 7 August 1960, Houphouët-Boigny start prepare new constitution for de country. Dis constitution carry strong influence from de United States Constitution wey give plenty power to de executive branch, plus de French Constitution wey limit wetin de legislature fit do. E turn de National Assembly into place wey just dey record bills den budget proposals. Then on 27 November 1960, Houphouët-Boigny win election to become President of de Republic without any challenger, while dem elect only PDCI candidates go de National Assembly.&lt;ref name=&quot;Segal287&quot;&gt;Segal, p. 287.&lt;/ref&gt;

1963 carry plenty allegations of coup plot wey end up help Houphouët-Boigny consolidate power insyd ein hand. No clear agreement dey on how de 1963 events really happen; some people even believe say no coup plot dey at all, say de whole matter fit be plan wey Houphouët-Boigny use take strengthen ein grip for power. Between 120 to 200 secret trials happen insyd Yamoussoukro, wey involve some important political people—like Mockey den de Supreme Court president Ernest Boka. For de army top too, yawa come as de generals begin vex after dem arrest Defense Minister Jean Konan Banny, so de president gots come step in personally to calm dem down.&lt;ref&gt;Le Vine, p. 211.&lt;/ref&gt;

For de next 27 years, almost all de power for Ivory Coast land for Houphouët-Boigny ein hand. From 1965 go 1985, dem reelect am five times straight, every five years, without any challenger. Every five years too, dem return only PDCI candidates go de National Assembly. In reality, na de president dey select all de candidates, as e be de PDCI leader wey dey approve everybody. Houphouët-Boigny den de PDCI believe say national unity and support for PDCI be de same thing, den say if dem allow multiparty system, e go waste national resources and spoil de unity of de country. Na why dem make am compulsory say all adults must join de PDCI. Dem control de media strong, wey e just dey act as tool for spread government propaganda.&lt;ref name=&quot;leaderfreedom&quot; /&gt;

Even though Houphouët-Boigny ein rule be authoritarian, e no hard like how plenty African regimes dey do am by dat time. After e hold power well, insyd 1967, e release political prisoners. Under ein own style of “paternalistic authoritarianism”, e calm people wey oppose am by giving dem government work instead of locking dem. Because of dis, Robert Mundt—wey write ''Côte d'Ivoire: Continuity and Change in a Semi-Democracy''—talk say nobody really challenge Houphouët-Boigny serious after 1963. Even though Ivory Coast under am no get political democracy like de Western countries, e still be small more tolerant den open pass most African countries after colonial time. 

To stop any plan for coup d’état, de president take control of de army plus police, reduce dem number from 5,300 go 3,500. E give defence matter to de French army wey, based on defence cooperation treaty of 24 April 1961, dey stay for Port-Bouët den fit take action if Houphouët-Boigny call dem or if dem feel say French interest dey under threat. Dem later take action during de Sanwi people ein attempt to secede for 1959 den 1969, den again for 1970, when one illegal political group, de Eburnian Movement, form, and Houphouët-Boigny accuse ein leader Kragbé Gnagbé say e wan pull ein region comot.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2002/11/COULIBALY/17147|title=Lente décomposition en Côte-d'Ivoire|last=Coulibaly|first=Tiemoko|date=November 2002|work=[[Le Monde diplomatique]]|access-date=22 July 2008|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Houphouët-Boigny marry one much younger woman, Marie-Thérèse Brou, for 1952,&lt;ref name=&quot;lemonde2015&quot;&gt;{{cite news|first=Joan|last=Tilouine|title=Marie-Thérèse à la poursuite des millions disparus d'Houphouët-Boigny|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2015/02/04/marie-therese-a-la-poursuite-des-millions-disparus-d-houphouet-boigny_4569278_3212.html|work=[[Le Monde]]|publisher=|date=3 February 2015|access-date=2023-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204123027/https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2015/02/04/marie-therese-a-la-poursuite-des-millions-disparus-d-houphouet-boigny_4569278_3212.html|archive-date=2015-02-04|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reigning&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine|title=Reigning Beauties|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=2 June 1962|access-date=21 July 2008|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,896296,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403200325/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,896296,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 April 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; after e divorce ein first wife wey e marry for twenty-two years. Dem no get demma own born child, but insyd 1981, dem adopt one kiddie, Olivier Antoine.

Hélène Houphouët-Boigny, wey people know as Abla Pokou, get legal recognition as ein pikin for 1960, when Felix Houphouët-Boigny himself carry three witnesses—ein two sisters, Ms Faitai and Adjoua Houphouët-Boigny, plus ein cousin Yao Simon, wey be chief for Canton Yamoussoukro—go Court for Toumodi. De judgement be number 1261 dated 26 August 1960, and de court session open to public. Madame Hélène be granddaughter of Bouale King, Nanan Kouakou Anougble II, through ein mother Madame Akissi Anougble. Both of dem die insyd 1958.

But de marriage no dey free from wahala. Insyd 1958, Marie-Thérèse go Italy for romantic trip, den insyd 1961, Houphouët-Boigny born one pikin, Florence (wey die for 2007), outside marriage plus ein mistress Henriette Duvignac.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.afriklive.com/Necrologie-Deces-de-Florence-Houphouet-Boigny-a-Paris_a1360.html|title=Nécrologie: Décès de Florence Houphouët&amp;nbsp;– Boigny à Paris|date=27 February 2007|work=afriklive.com|access-date=8 August 2008|language=fr|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617014637/http://www.afriklive.com/Necrologie-Deces-de-Florence-Houphouet-Boigny-a-Paris_a1360.html|archive-date=17 June 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Leadership insyd Africa ===
As e take follow de example of de Gaulle, wey no gree proposals wey dey talk about integrated Europe, Houphouët-Boigny too oppose Nkrumah ein proposed United States of Africa, wey dey question Ivory Coast ein national sovereignty wey dem just gain. But Houphouët-Boigny no oppose collective African institutions if dem go dey under ein influence or control.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nandjui105&quot;&gt;Nandjui, p. 105.&lt;/ref&gt;

On 29 May 1959, as e join body plus Hamani Diori (Niger), Maurice Yaméogo (Upper Volta) den Hubert Maga (Dahomey), Houphouët-Boigny create de ''Conseil de l'Entente'' (Council of Accord or Council of Understanding). Dis regional organisation wey dem establish to block de Mali Federation, get three main functions: make dem fit manage some public services together, like de port of Abidjan or de Abidjan–Niger railway line; make dem provide one solidarity fund wey member countries fit access, 90% of dis fund na Ivory Coast go provide am; den make dem fit fund different development projects through low-interest loans to de member states (70% of de loans na Côte d'Ivoire go provide am). For 1966, Houphouët-Boigny even offer to give dual citizenship to people wey come from de member countries of de ''Conseil de l'Entente'', but dem abandon dis proposal quick after popular protests start.&lt;ref&gt;Nandjui, pp. 73–74.&lt;/ref&gt;

De ambitious Ivorian leader get even bigger plans for de French-speaking Africa: ein aim be say make e gather all de different nations under one big organisation wey go get de goal of mutual assistance among demma member states. Dis project come turn reality on 7 September 1961 as dem sign one charter wey give birth to de ''Union africaine et malgache'' (UAM; African and Malagasy Union), wey include 12 French-speaking countries including Léopold Sédar Senghor ein Senegal. Agreements come dey signed for different sectors like economy, military den telecommunications, wey make solidarity among Francophone states strong. But as dem create de Organisation of African Unity (OAU) insyd May 1963, e come affect ein plans: de people wey support Pan-Africanism begin demand make dem dissolve all regional groupings like de UAM. Houphouët-Boigny, although e no dey happy, come gree, den e turn de UAM into de ''Organisation africaine et malgache de coopération économique et culturelle'' (African and Malagasy Organization of economic and cultural cooperation).&lt;ref&gt;Nandjui, p. 115.&lt;/ref&gt;

As Houphouët-Boigny take see de OAU as one organisation wey no dey go anywhere, especially as Paris no dey support de group, e come decide for 1965 make e create ''l'Organisation commune africaine et malgache'' (OCAM; African and Malagasy Organization), one French organisation wey go compete plus de OAU. De organisation come include 16 countries as members, wey demma aim be to stop revolutionary ambitions for Africa. But as time dey go, de organisation come dey too loyal to France, wey make half of de countries comot from am.&lt;ref&gt;Nandjui, pp. 120–121.&lt;/ref&gt;

Insyd de mid-1970s, as de economy dey shine, Houphouët-Boigny plus Senghor come put demma differences for corner den join hands to stop Nigeria, wey been dey try make einself big for West Africa through de creation of de Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). De two leaders come counter ECOWAS by creating de Economic Community of West Africa (ECWA), wey come replace de old trade partnerships for de French-speaking regions. But after Nigeria give dem assurance say ECOWAS go work like how de earlier Francophone organisations dey work, Houphouët-Boigny plus Senghor come decide to merge demma organisation into ECOWAS for May 1975.&lt;ref&gt;Nandjui, p. 126.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ''Françafrique'' ===
All de time wey Houphouët-Boigny be president, e dey surround einself plus French advisers like Guy Nairay, wey be chief of staff from 1960 go 1993, den Alain Belkiri, wey be Secretary-General of de Ivorian government, wey ein influence stretch go all areas. Dis kind of diplomacy wey e call “Françafrique” help am keep very strong relationship plus de former colonial power, make Ivory Coast be France ein number one African ally. Anytime one of dem enter agreement plus one African country, de other one go give ein full support without condition. Through dis arrangement, Houphouët-Boigny come build strong friendship plus Jacques Foccart, wey be chief adviser for African policy under de governments of de Gaulle den Pompidou.&lt;ref name=&quot;rvx&quot; /&gt;

=== Destabilization of revolutionary regimes ===
As Ahmed Sékou Touré claim independence for Guinea through de 28 September 1958 French constitutional referendum, e no just challenge de Gaulle, but e challenge ein African brother too, Houphouët-Boigny. E distance einself from de Guinean officials wey dey Conakry, den de Guinean Democratic Party no dey again inside de RDA. Tensions between Houphouët-Boigny den Touré start rise because of de conspiracies wey de French intelligence agency SDECE do against de Sékou Touré ein regime. For January 1960, Houphouët-Boigny give small arms to some former rebels wey dey Man insyd Ivory Coast den e push ein council for 1965 make dem agree to take part for one plan to overthrow Sékou Touré. For 1967, e support de creation of de Front national de libération de la Guinée (FNLG; National Front for the Liberation of Guinea), wey be reserve of men wey ready to plan Sékou Touré ein downfall.&lt;ref&gt;Nandjui, pp. 162–163.&lt;/ref&gt;

Houphouët-Boigny ein relationship plus Kwame Nkrumah, wey be de leader of neighbouring Ghana, spoil well after Guinea gain independence, all because Nkrumah support Sékou Touré both with money den politics. After Sékou Touré convince Nkrumah make e support de Sanwi people wey wan break away from Ivory Coast, Houphouët-Boigny start campaign wey go bring down de Ghanaian regime ein name. E accuse Nkrumah say e dey try destabilise Ivory Coast for 1963, den e call on de Francophone states make dem boycott de Organisation of African Unity (OAU) conference wey dem plan to do for Accra. Nkrumah lose power for 1966 through military coup; Houphouët-Boigny allow de plotters make dem use Ivory Coast as base wey dem go take plan dem arrival den departure missions.&lt;ref&gt;Nanjui, p. 172.&lt;/ref&gt;

Still plus Foccart, Houphouët-Boigny join de coup attempt of 16 January 1977 wey French mercenary Bob Denard lead against de revolutionary regime of Mathieu Kérékou for Dahomey. Houphouët-Boigny, as e dey fight against de Marxists wey dey rule Angola, e too give ein support to Jonas Savimbi ein UNITA party, wey ein fight plus de MPLA party bring about de Angolan Civil War.&lt;ref&gt;Nandjui, p. 212.&lt;/ref&gt;

Even though people know am say e dey cause trouble for governments, Houphouët-Boigny give asylum to Jean-Bédel Bokassa after French paratroopers overthrow am insyd September 1979 as e be de former dictator of Central African Republic. Dis decision bring plenty international criticism, so as Bokassa turn political den financial load for Houphouët-Boigny, dem expel am from Côte d'Ivoire insyd 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;leaderfreedom&quot; /&gt;

==== Alignment plus France ====
Houphouët-Boigny na one of de people wey take part for de Congo Crisis wey happen insyd November 1960, wey be period of political tension den conflict insyd Congo-Kinshasa. De Ivorian leader support President Joseph Kasa-Vubu, wey no dey agree plus Lumumba, den e follow France support de controversial Congolese Prime Minister Moise Tshombe. Even though plenty African countries no like Tshombe, Houphouët-Boigny defend am strong den even invite am enter OCAM for May 1965. After General Mobutu overthrow Kasa-Vubu for November 1965, de Ivorian president support one plan insyd 1967 wey de French secret service bring wey aim say make dem bring de former Congolese leader back to power. De operation no succeed. As reaction, Houphouët-Boigny boycott de fourth annual summit of de OAU wey dem hold for Kinshasa insyd September 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Nandjui, p. 155.&lt;/ref&gt;

Houphouët-Boigny too play big role for de political wahala wey happen for Biafra. As dem dey see Nigeria as one danger to African states wey France dey influence, Foccart send Houphouët-Boigny plus Lieutenant-Colonel Raymond Bichelot for mission for 1963 make dem watch how political things dey go for de country. De chance to weaken de former British colony come show insyd May 1967, when Biafra, under Lieutenant-Colonel Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, decide say dem go break away from Nigeria. African countries wey dey aligned plus France support de people wey break away, den dem provide mercenaries plus weapons through Jean Mauricheau-Beaupré, as dem fight civil war plus de Nigerian government. But by de end of de 1960s, countries wey France support suddenly den openly move away from de position wey France den Ivory Coast get for de civil war. As dem come dey alone for de international front, de two countries decide to stop deir support to Ojukwu, wey finally go exile insyd Ivory Coast.

As Paris take request am, Houphouët-Boigny start to build relationship plus South Africa insyd October 1970, wey e explain say na because, “De problem of racial discrimination, wey dey pain, dey worry, den dey insult our dignity as Black people, no be something wey we believe say force go fit solve.” E even suggest for de OAU for June 1971 make dem follow de example wey e give. Even though some people support am, dem reject ein proposal. But dis rejection no stop am from continuing ein effort to get close to de Pretoria government. Dis effort yield result for October of dat same year, when one kind semi-official meeting happen between some high level officials from Ivory Coast den South African Prime Minister B. J. Vorster for de capital of South Africa. Again, as e dey think about how communism dey spread insyd Africa, e meet Vorster for Geneva insyd 1977, after Soviet Union plus Cuba try to join hand take expand deir influence for Angola den Ethiopia. Relationship plus South Africa continue on official level till de end of ein presidency.&lt;ref&gt;Nandjui, p. 208.&lt;/ref&gt;

Houphouët-Boigny den Thomas Sankara, wey be de leader of Burkina Faso, get one very unstable relationship. De tension reach ein highest point insyd 1985 when Burkinabés wey dey Ivory Coast accuse de authorities say dem dey part of one plan to forcefully carry young students go training camps insyd Libya. Houphouët-Boigny respond by inviting de dissident Jean-Claude Kamboulé make e take refuge for Côte d'Ivoire so say e go fit organize resistance against de Sankara government. For 1987, dem overthrow Sankara den kill am insyd coup. De coup fit involve France, as de Sankara regime no dey in good standing for France demma eye. People suspect Houphouët-Boigny say e dey involved inside de coup, den for November, de PDCI ask de government make dem ban de sale of ''Jeune Afrique'' after de magazine talk say Houphouët-Boigny be part of de plan. De president of Ivory Coast fit gain plenty from de divisions wey dey insyd de Burkina Faso government. E reach out to Blaise Compaoré, wey be de second most powerful person insyd de government; many people believe say dem two work together plus Laurent Dona Fologo, Robert Guéï den Pierre Ouédraogo to overthrow de Sankara regime.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Somé |first=Valerié D. |title=Thomas Sankara: l'espoir assassiné |publisher=Harmattan |year=1990 |isbn=2-7384-0568-1 |location=Paris |language=fr |oclc=23079980}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Le complot était ourdi depuis longtemps|last=Andiramirando|first=Sennen|date=4 November 1997|work=[[Jeune Afrique]]|pages=14–19|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Apart from supporting de policies wey France dey pursue, Houphouët-Boigny too influence demma actions for Africa. E pressure France make dem support den give arms to warlord Charles Taylor ein rebel group during de First Liberian Civil War, as e dey hope say after de war, e go gain some of de country ein assets den resources.&lt;ref name=&quot;rvx&quot; /&gt;

E secretly take part insyd de movement of arms go give de segregationist regime insyd South Africa during de time dem dey fight war insyd Angola.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wauthier |first=Claude |date=30 October 2002 |title=Jacques Foccart et les mauvais conseils de Félix Houphouët-Boigny |url=http://journals.openedition.org/ccrh/512 |journal=Les Cahiers du Centre de Recherches Historiques. Archives |language=fr |issue=30 |doi=10.4000/ccrh.512 |issn=0990-9141 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Opposition to de Soviet Union den China ===
From de time wey Ivory Coast gain ein independence, Houphouët-Boigny see Soviet Union den China as &quot;bad&quot; influence over developing countries. E no start diplomatic relations plus Moscow until 1967, but later break am for 1969 after dem talk say Soviet people support directly de 1968 student protest wey happen for de National University of Côte d'Ivoire. De two countries no connect back until February 1986, by which time Houphouët-Boigny take up more active foreign policy wey show say e dey look for more international recognition.&lt;ref name=&quot;soviet&quot;&gt;Handloff (ed.), &quot;[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ci0145) Relations with the Soviet Union and China]&quot; in ''Ivory Coast: A Country Study''. Retrieved on 28 July 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;

Houphouët-Boigny criticize de People's Republic of China (PRC) even pass. E talk ein fear say Chinese people go &quot;invade&quot; Africa plus come colonise am later. E worry say Africans go see say de kind development problems wey dey China be like Africa ein own, den go feel say de solutions wey China use go fit work for sub-Saharan Africa too. Because of dat, Ivory Coast be among de last countries wey normalise demma relations plus China, wey dem do on 3 March 1983. Based on de principle wey Beijing dey demand for &quot;one China&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;Nandjui185&quot;&gt;Nandjui, p. 185.&lt;/ref&gt; Côte d'Ivoire ein recognition of de PRC mean say diplomatic relations between Abidjan den Taiwan end.

=== Economic policies insyd de 1960s den 1970s ===
Houphouët-Boigny take economic liberalism system for Ivory Coast so say foreign investors, especially de French, go trust am plus get confidence. De benefits wey de investment laws wey e put for 1959 give, make foreign companies fit carry go back up to 90% of demma profits go demma own country (dem for reinvest de remaining 10% insyd Côte d'Ivoire). E come put plans wey go modernise de country ein infrastructure, like how e build American-style business area for Abidjan wey get five-star hotels plus resorts wey dey host tourists den businessmen. Ivory Coast gain economic growth between 11–12% from 1960 to 1965. De country ein gross domestic product (GDP) grow twelve times from 1960 reach 1978, from 145 reach 1,750 billion CFA francs, plus de trade balance still dey show surplus.&lt;ref&gt;Nandjui, p. 67.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dis economic success come from de president ein decision say make dem focus on de primary sector of de economy, no be de secondary one. Because of dis, de agricultural sector grow well: from 1960 go 1970, cocoa farmers increase demma production three times reach 312,000 tonnes, den coffee production rise almost 50%, from 185,500 go 275,000 tonnes. Because of de economic success, many people from West African countries move enter Ivory Coast; by 1980, de foreign workers—mostly Burkinabés—wey dey manage local plantations, be more than one-quarter of de Ivorian population. Ivorians plus foreigners start dey call Houphouët-Boigny &quot;Sage of Africa&quot; for dis achievement wey dem call de &quot;Ivorian miracle&quot;. Dem sana dey call am &quot;The Old One&quot; (Le Vieux) out of respect.&lt;ref name=&quot;bio2&quot; /&gt;

But de economic system wey dem build together plus France no be perfect. As Houphouët-Boigny talk am, Ivory Coast ein economy experience &quot;growth without development&quot;. De growth depend on capital, plans, plus financial structure from foreign investors; e no become independent or fit sustain itself.&lt;ref name=&quot;universalis&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Amin |first=Samir |title=Encyclopædia Universalis |title-link=Encyclopædia Universalis |author2=Bernard Nantet |year=1999 |location=Paris |language=fr |chapter=Côte-d'Ivoire}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Crisis insyd Ivory Coast ===

==== Economy on de brink of collapse ====
From 1978 start, Ivory Coast ein economy start fall serious because de international market prices for coffee den cocoa drop sharp. People feel say de fall be small time thing, as de impact on de farmers no too hard due to Caistab, de agricultural marketing board, wey make sure say dem dey get enough money to live. De next year, to try stop de sudden drop for de export goods demma prices, Houphouët-Boigny increase prices make dem fit face de international tariffs wey dem dey put on raw materials. But as he use only dis method, Ivory Coast lose more than 700 billion CFA francs from 1980 to 1982. Between 1983 den 1984, Côte d'Ivoire suffer drought wey destroy nearly 400,000 hectares of forest plus 250,000 hectares of coffee den cocoa farms. To solve dis problem, Houphouët-Boigny go London go try negotiate agreement on coffee den cocoa prices plus traders and industrial people; but by 1984, de agreement spoil and Ivory Coast enter big financial crisis.&lt;ref name=&quot;universalis&quot; /&gt;

Even de offshore oil drilling plus petrochemical industries wey dem develop to support Caistab no escape de effect of de 1986 global economic recession. Ivory Coast, wey buy de farmers demma harvests for two times de market price, enter serious debt. By May 1987, de foreign debt reach US$10 billion, wey make Houphouët-Boigny stop payment of de debt. As dem no gree sell demma cocoa supply, de country halt exports in July den force de world prices to rise. But dis &quot;embargo&quot; no work. For November 1989, Houphouët-Boigny sell ein huge cocoa stock give big companies make e revive de economy. As ein health get serious issue by dis time, he appoint prime minister (wey de position no get person since 1960), Alassane Ouattara, wey bring economic measures wey go help de country comot for debt.&lt;ref name=&quot;memoires70&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Thomas |first=Yves |title=Mémoires du XXe siècle: Dictionnaire de France |publisher=Société générale d'édition et de diffusion |year=1995 |isbn=2-84248-041-4 |location=Paris |language=fr |chapter=Pays du monde: Côte-d'Ivoire: 1970–1979 |oclc=41524503}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Social tensions ====
De general atmosphere of enjoyment plus satisfaction wey dey insyd de economic growth period for Ivory Coast help Houphouët-Boigny keep control over internal political tensions. Ein soft-hand authoritarian regime, wey no really get political prisoners, be well accepted by de people. But de economic crisis wey start for de 1980s make life hard for middle class plus poor people for town areas. According to World Bank, de number of people wey dey live under poverty line rise from 11% for 1985 to 31% by 1993. Even though dem try some measures, like reducing de number of young French workers wey dey do national service abroad from 3,000 to 2,000 for 1986 so say young Ivorian graduates go get jobs, de government no fit stop de rise of unemployment plus company closures.&lt;ref name=&quot;memoires90&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Thomas |first=Yves |title=Mémoires du XXe siècle: Dictionnaire de France |publisher=Société générale d'édition et de diffusion |year=1995 |isbn=2-84248-041-4 |location=Paris |language=fr |chapter=Pays du monde: Côte-d'Ivoire: 1990–1994 |oclc=41524503}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Strong social unrest shake de country, bring insecurity. De army do mutiny insyd 1990 den 1992, plus on 2 March 1990, protestors gather plenty for Abidjan street shout things like &quot;thief Houphouët&quot; den &quot;corrupt Houphouët&quot;. Dis demonstrations push de president to start democratization on 31 May, wey make he allow political parties plus trade unions.&lt;ref name=&quot;univ&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Encyclopædia Universalis |title-link=Encyclopædia Universalis |publisher=Encyclopædia Universalis |year=2002 |location=Paris |language=fr |chapter=Côte d'Ivoire&amp;nbsp;– Actualité (1990–2001)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Opposition =====
Laurent Gbagbo gain recognition as one of de main people wey cause de student demonstrations wey happen during de protest against Houphouët-Boigny ein government on 9 February 1982, wey lead to de closure of de universities plus other schools. Just small after dat, ein wife plus he form wetin go later become de Ivorian Popular Front (FPI). Gbagbo go exile for France inside dat same year, wey he start promote FPI plus demma political agenda. Even though FPI ein ideology be like de one of de Unified Socialist Party, de French socialist government try ignore Gbagbo ein party to make Houphouët-Boigny happy. After long appeal process, Gbagbo get political refugee status for France for 1985. But de French government try pressure am make he go back Ivory Coast, as Houphouët-Boigny start worry say Gbagbo dey build network of contacts, den he believe say &quot;ein stubborn opponent go be less threat for Abidjan pass Paris&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Duval |first=Philippe |title=Fantômes d'ivoire |author2=Flora Kouakou |publisher=Editions du Rocher |year=2003 |isbn=2-268-04628-1 |location=Monaco |language=fr |oclc=53177756}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Insyd 1988, Gbagbo return from exile go Ivory Coast after Houphouët-Boigny give am forgiveness indirectly by talk say &quot;de tree no vex de bird&quot;. For 1990, Houphouët-Boigny make opposition parties legal. On 28 October, dem hold presidential election. Gbagbo file make he stand against Houphouët-Boigny, wey make am be de first time wey dem get contested election for de country. Gbagbo take advantage of de President ein old age, suggest say de 85-year-old president no go fit survive ein seventh five-year term. Houphouët-Boigny respond by show ein youth for television. According to official figures, he beat Gbagbo get 2,445,365 votes against 548,441—wey be unlikely 81.7 percent of de vote.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Crook |first=Richard C. |date=April 1997 |title=Winning Coalitions and Ethno-Regional Politics: The Failure of the Opposition in the 1990 and 1995 Elections in Côte d'Ivoire |url=https://academic.oup.com/afraf/article-abstract/96/383/215/28870?redirectedFrom=fulltext |journal=[[African Affairs]] |publisher=Oxford University Press |volume=96 |issue=383 |pages=215–242 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a007826 |issn=1468-2621 |jstor=723859 |oclc=82273751 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Displays of wealth ====
Wen he be president, Houphouët-Boigny benefit plenty from de riches wey Ivory Coast get; by de time wey he die insyd 1993, dem estimate say ein personal wealth dey between US$7 and $11 billion. Concerning ein big fortune, Houphouët-Boigny talk for 1983 say, &quot;People dey wonder say I like gold. Na just because I born insyd am.&quot; De Ivorian leader get about twelve properties for Paris metropolitan area (plus Hotel Masseran for Masseran Street insyd de 7th arrondissement of Paris), one property for Castel Gandolfo for Italy, den one house for Chêne-Bourg for Switzerland. He get real estate companies like Grand Air SI, SI Picallpoc plus Interfalco, den he hold plenty shares for big jewellery den watchmaking companies like Piaget SA den Harry Winston. He keep ein riches for Switzerland, one time ask say &quot;whether any serious man on Earth no dey keep part of ein riches insyd Switzerland&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;fortune&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Dulin |first=Antoine |date=March 2007 |title=Biens mal acquis... profitent trop souvent |url=http://www.ivoirediaspo.net/livres/rapport-ccfd.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912173741/http://www.ivoirediaspo.net/livres/rapport-ccfd.pdf |archive-date=12 September 2008 |access-date=12 August 2008 |work=Ivoire Diaspo |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Insyd 1983, Houphouët-Boigny move de capital from Abidjan go Yamoussoukro. For there, he use state ein money take build plenty buildings like de Institute Polytechnique plus one international airport. De most expensive project be de Basilica of Our Lady of Peace, wey be de biggest church for de whole world now, wey get area of 30,000 square metres (320,000 sq ft) plus height of 158 metres (518 ft). Houphouët-Boigny take ein personal money build am. De construction wey Lebanese architect Pierre Fakhoury do cost about US$150–200 million. Houphouët-Boigny dash am to Pope John Paul II as one &quot;personal gift&quot;; de Pope, even though he beg make dem no make am taller pass St. Peter’s for Rome but dem no agree, still consecrate am on 10 September 1990. Because de national economy fall plus de heavy money wey dem use build de Basilica, plenty people criticize am: some western news agencies call am &quot;de basilica insyd bush&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;ebony&quot;&gt;{{cite news|first=Hans J.|last=Massaquoi|title=An African's gift to the Vatican: the world's largest church&amp;nbsp;— Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Basilica of Our Lady of Peace|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1077/is_n2_v46/ai_9177142|work=[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]]|date=December 1990|access-date=24 July 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Death den legacy ==

=== Succession den death ===
De political, social, plus economic palaver too reach de matter of who go take over from Houphouët-Boigny as head of state. After he cut ties plus ein former political heir Philippe Yacé for 1980—wey, as president of de National Assembly, get right to act fully as president of de republic if de head of state no fit perform or e no dey—Houphouët-Boigny delay plenty before he go officially choose successor. De president ein health start dey weak more more, wey make Prime Minister Alassane Ouattara dey control de country from 1990 go, as de president dey hospital for France. Power struggle start, but e end as Houphouët-Boigny reject Ouattara plus choose Henri Konan Bédié, de president of de National Assembly. For December 1993, Houphouët-Boigny, wey cancer of de prostate kill reach last stage, dem rush carry am go Côte d'Ivoire make he fit die there. Dem keep am for life support make dem fit finish all final plans about who go take over. After ein family gree, dem remove de life support for 6:35 am GMT on 7 December. As he die, Houphouët-Boigny be de African leader wey serve pass everybody, plus third for de world after Fidel Castro of Cuba plus Kim Il Sung of North Korea.&lt;ref name=&quot;lavishnyt&quot; /&gt;

Houphouët-Boigny no leave any written will or legacy paper insyd Côte d'Ivoire as he die insyd 1993. De people wey dem recognise as ein heirs, especially Helena, fight government make dem collect part of de big fortune wey Houphouët-Boigny lef, wey she talk say be &quot;private&quot; plus e no be de State ein own.

=== Funeral ===
Afta Houphouët-Boigny ein death, de country still keep ein stability, as dem see during ein funeral on 7 February 1994. Dis funeral for dis &quot;doyen of francophone Africa&quot; happen insyd de Basilica of Our Lady of Peace, wey carry 7,000 guests insyd de building den tens of thousands outside. De two-month wait before Houphouët-Boigny ein funeral, wey be normal for people from de Baoulé ethnic group, give chance make dem fit do plenty ceremonies before dem bury am. De president ein funeral show many traditional African burial customs, like big choir wey wear bright batik dresses dey sing &quot;laagoh budji gnia&quot; (Baoulé: &quot;Lord, na you make all things&quot;) plus village chiefs wey show strips of kente den korhogo cloth. Baoulé people dey bury dema people plus things dem like when dem dey alive; but Houphouët-Boigny ein family no talk wetin or whether dem bury anything plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;lavishnyt&quot; /&gt;

Over 140 countries plus international organisations send demma delegates come de funeral. But as The New York Times talk, plenty Ivorians bore say some key allies no come well, especially de United States. De small United States delegation wey come, na Secretary of Energy Hazel R. O'Leary plus Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs George Moose lead am. But as Houphouët-Boigny get strong personal connection plus France, e show for how big de French delegation be—President François Mitterrand come; Prime Minister Édouard Balladur; de presidents of de National Assembly den de Senate, Philippe Séguin plus René Monory; former president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing; Jacques Chirac; ein close friend Jacques Foccart; plus six former prime ministers all join. As The New York Times talk, &quot;Houphouët-Boigny ein death no be only de end of one political era for here, but e fit be de end of de strong French-African relationship wey he represent.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;lavishnyt&quot; /&gt;

=== Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize ===
To make ein legacy as man of peace strong, Houphouët-Boigny set up one award insyd 1989, wey UNESCO sponsor den de Félix-Houphouët-Boigny Foundation provide all de money from extra-budgetary sources. Dis prize dey honour people wey dey search for peace. Dem name de prize &quot;after President Félix Houphouët-Boigny, de doyen of African Heads of State den one wey no dey tire for push peace, unity, friendship den dialogue to solve all conflicts both insyd countries den between countries&quot;. Every year dem dey give de prize plus one cheque of €122,000, den one international jury of 11 people from five continents dey select who go win, wey former United States Secretary of State den Nobel Peace Prize winner Henry Kissinger dey chair. Dem first give de prize insyd 1991 to Nelson Mandela, president of de African National Congress, den Frederik Willem de Klerk, president of de Republic of South Africa. Since den dem dey award am every year, except insyd 2001 den 2004.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=19 December 2005 |title=Prizewinners of the Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize |url=http://www.unesco.org/prixfhboigny/le_prix/laureats/Liste_laureat_us.htm |access-date=29 July 2008 |work=[[UNESCO]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Positions insyd government ==

=== France ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Position
!Start date
!End date
|-
|Member of French National Assembly
|various
|various
|-
|Member of the Council of Ministers under Prime Minister Guy Mollet
|1 February 1956
|13 June 1957
|-
|Minister of State under Prime Minister Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury
|13 June 1957
|6 November 1957
|-
|Minister of Public Health and Population under Prime Minister Félix Gaillard
|6 November 1957
|14 May 1958
|-
|Minister of State under Prime Minister Pierre Pflimlin
|14 May 1958
|17 May 1958
|-
|Minister of State under Prime Minister Charles de Gaulle
|1 June 1958
|8 January 1959
|-
|Minister of State under Prime Minister Michel Debré
|8 January 1959
|20 May 1959
|-
|Advising minister under Prime Minister Debré
|23 July 1959
|19 May 1961
|}

=== Ivory Coast ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Position
!Start date
!End date
|-
|President of the Territorial Assembly
|24 March 1953
|30 November 1959
|-
|Governor of Abidjan
|1956
|1960
|-
|Prime Minister
|1 May 1959
|3 November 1960
|-
|Minister of Interior
|8 September 1959
|3 January 1961
|-
|President of the Republic, Minister of Foreign Affairs
|3 January 1961
|10 September 1963
|-
|President of the Republic, Minister of Defense, Minister of Interior, Minister of Agriculture
|10 September 1963
|21 January 1966
|-
|President of the Republic, Minister of Economy and Finances, Minister of Defense, Minister of Agriculture
|21 January 1966
|23 September 1968
|-
|President of the Republic
|23 September 1968
|5 January 1970
|-
|President of the Republic
|5 January 1970
|8 June 1971
|-
|President of the Republic, Minister of National Education
|8 June 1971
|1 December 1971
|-
|President of the Republic
|1 December 1971
|7 December 1993
|}

== References ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Houphouet-Boigny, Felix}}
[[Category:1905 births]]
[[Category:1993 deaths]]
[[Category:Ivorian people]]
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:People wey komot Yamoussoukro]]
[[Category:People of French West Africa]]
[[Category:Baoulé people]]
[[Category:Ivorian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism from animism]]
[[Category:Rassemblement Démocratique Africain politicians]]
[[Category:Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire – African Democratic Rally politicians]]
[[Category:Presidents of Ivory Coast]]
[[Category:Heads of government of Ivory Coast]]
[[Category:Ministers of foreign affairs of Ivory Coast]]
[[Category:Ministers of health of France]]
[[Category:State ministers of France]]
[[Category:Members of de Constituent Assembly of France (1945)]]
[[Category:Members of de Constituent Assembly of France (1946)]]
[[Category:Deputies of de 1st National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic]]
[[Category:Deputies of de 2nd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic]]
[[Category:Deputies of de 3rd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic]]
[[Category:Deputies of de 1st National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic]]
[[Category:Members of Parliament for French West Africa]]
[[Category:French planters]]
[[Category:20th-century Ivorian politicians]]
[[Category:Ivorian anti-communists]]
[[Category:Ivorian conspiracy theorists]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer insyd Ivory Coast]]
[[Category:Deaths from prostate cancer]]
[[Category:20th-century presidents insyd Africa]]
&lt;references /&gt;
==Read further==
* {{cite book|last=Harshe|first=Rajen|title=Pervasive Entente: France and Ivory Coast in African Affairs|publisher=Humanities Press|location=Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey|year=1984|isbn=0-391-02891-X|oclc=11143809}}
* {{cite book|last=Rémy|first=Myléne|title=The Ivory Coast Today|publisher=Les Éditions J.A.|location=Paris|year=1981|edition=3rd|isbn=2-85258-212-0|oclc=8499559}}
* {{cite book|last=Tuinder|first=Bastiaan den|title=Ivory Coast: The Challenge of Success|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|location=Baltimore|year=1978|isbn=0-8018-1939-3|oclc=16421887|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/ivorycoast0000unse}}
* {{cite book|last=Wallerstein|first=Immanuel|author-link=|title=The Road to Independence: Ghana and the Ivory Coast|publisher=La Haye|location=Mouton, Charente|year=1964|oclc=935940}}
* {{cite book|last=Zartman|first=I. William|author-link=|title=Political Economy of the Ivory Coast|publisher=Praeger Publishers|location=New York|year=1984|isbn=0-03-064097-0|oclc=10430271}}
* {{cite book|last=Zolberg|first=Aristide|title=One-Party Government in the Ivory Coast|url=https://archive.org/details/onepartygovernme00zolb|url-access=registration|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, New Jersey|year=1964|oclc=965225}}
==External links==
{{Commons}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20211025132345/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2544/ Speech Delivered by Mister Houphouet-Boigny, Minister of State at the Geo-Andre Stadium in Abidjan on 7 September 1958] {in French)
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  <page>
    <title>History of Ghana</title>
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      <text bytes="11529" sha1="gao716otuejpmgwq2q173aaojxr4s4k" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
De area of de Republic of Ghana (de then [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]]) cam be known insyd Europe den Arabia as de Ghana Empire after de title of ein Emperor, de Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;Abaka, Edmund (27 April 2010), &quot;Ghana Empire&quot;, ''African American Studies Center'', Oxford University Press, [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.47874|10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.47874]], ISBN 978-0-19-530173-1.  &lt;/ref&gt; Geographically, na de ancient [[Ghana]] Empire approximately be 500 miles (800&amp;nbsp;km) north den west of de modern state of Ghana, wey be controlled territories insyd de area of de Sénégal River den east towards de [[Niger]] rivers, insyd modern [[Senegal]], [[Mauritania]] den [[Mali]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kingdom of Ghana [ushistory.org] |url=https://www.ushistory.org/civ/7a.asp |access-date=21 January 2020 |website=us history}}&lt;/ref&gt; De empire dey appear na e break up dey follow de 1076 conquest by de Almoravid&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=3: Islam in West Africa. Introduction, spread and effects – History Textbook|url=https://wasscehistorytextbook.com/3-islam-in-west-africa-introduction-spread-and-effects/|access-date=21 January 2020|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; General Abu-Bakr Ibn-Umar. Na a reduced kingdom continue dey exist after na Almoravid rule end, wey na dem later incorporate de kingdom into subsequent Sahelian empires, such as de Mali Empire.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=Supplementum Epigraphicum GraecumBosporos. Aspects of The Bosporan Kingdom in the later Roman empire. |journal=Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum |doi=10.1163/1874-6772_seg_a27_424}}&lt;/ref&gt; Around de same time, south of de Mali empire insyd present-day northern Ghana, na de Kingdom of Dagbon emerge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Staniland|first1=Martin|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/lions-of-dagbon/632F3A561E8E35826A29CE53FEFF108D|title=The Lions of Dagbon: Political Change in Northern Ghana|date=1975|isbn=9780521206822|doi=10.1017/CBO9780511759543}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na de decentralised states rule by de tindaamba dem unify into a kingdom.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2-3: The Origins of Dagbon|url=http://www.adrummerstestament.com/2/2-03_The_Origins_of_Dagbon_Before_Naa_Gbewaa.html|access-date=2023-10-12|website=adrummerstestament.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Staniland|first=Martin|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/lions-of-dagbon/632F3A561E8E35826A29CE53FEFF108D|title=The Lions of Dagbon: Political Change in Northern Ghana|date=1975|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-10143-1|series=African Studies|location=Cambridge}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na chaw sub-kingdoms go later arise from Dagbon wey dey include de Mossi Kingdoms&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mossi-Dagomba|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/africa/mossi-dagomba.htm|access-date=2023-10-12|website=GlobalSecurity}}&lt;/ref&gt; of [[Burkina Faso]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Debutify|date=2021-01-30|title=The Rise &amp; Fall of The Powerful Mossi Kingdoms|url=https://our-ancestories.com/blogs/news/the-rise-fall-of-the-powerful-mossi-kingdoms|access-date=2023-10-12|website=Our Ancestories|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; den Bouna Kingdom&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bouna {{!}} African kingdom {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bouna|access-date=2023-10-12|website=Britannica.|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; of [[Ivory Coast]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rezo-Ivoire .net {{!}} le royaume koulango de bouna|url=https://www.rezoivoire.net/ivoire/patrimoine/2403/le-royaume-koulango-de-bouna.html|access-date=2023-10-12|website=rezoivoire.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Dagbon pioneer Ghana ein earliest learning institutions,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Kea|first=Ray|date=February 2018|title=Science and Technology in 18th Century Moliyili ) Dagomba) and the Timbuktiu Intellectual Tradition|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323228777}}&lt;/ref&gt; wey dey include a university town,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lauer |first=Helen |date=November 2007 |title=Depreciating African Political Culture |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0021934706286905 |journal=Journal of Black Studies |language=en |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=288–307 |doi=10.1177/0021934706286905 |issn=0021-9347 |s2cid=146634078 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; den a writing system prior to European arrival.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dagbanli Ajami and Arabic Manuscripts of Northern Ghana|url=https://open.bu.edu/handle/2144/32937|access-date=2023-10-12|website=open.bu.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Toward de end of de classical era, na dem form larger regional kingdoms insyd [[West Africa]], na one of wich be de Kingdom of Ghana, north of wat today be de nation of Ghana. Before ein fall at de beginning of de 10th century, na Akans migrate southward wey na dem found chaw nation-states around dema matriclans, wey dey include de first empire of Bono state dem found insyd de 11th century den for wich na dem name de Brong-Ahafo (Bono Ahafo) region.&lt;ref&gt;Boafo, James (2019). ''Agrarian transformation in Ghana's Brong Ahafo region: Drivers and outcomes'' (Thesis). University of Queensland Library. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.14264/uql.2019.711|10.14264/uql.2019.711]].&lt;/ref&gt; De [[Mole-Dagbon people]], wey na dem found de earliest centralised political kingdoms of Ghana, migrate from Lake Chad to present-day Ghana. Later, na dem think Akan ethnic groups such as de Ashanti, Akwamu, [[Akyem]], [[Fante people|Fante]] state den odas possibly get roots insyd de original Bono state settlement at Bono Manso.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Meyerowitz|first=Eva L. R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3lyAAAAMAAJ|title=The Early History of the Akan States of Ghana|date=1975|publisher=Red Candle Press|isbn=9780608390352|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na de Ashanti kingdom ein government operate first as a loose network den eventually as a centralized empire-kingdom plus an advanced, highly specialized bureaucracy wey be centred on de capital [[Kumasi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Andrews |first=Rhys |year=2013 |title=Representative bureaucracy in the United Kingdom |journal=Representative Bureaucracy in Action |pages=156–167 |doi=10.4337/9780857935991.00017 |isbn=9780857935991}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Read further ==

* Ahlman, Jeffrey S. ''Living with Nkrumahism: Nation, State, and Pan-Africanism in Ghana'' (2017).
* Asare, Abena Ampofoa. ''Truth Without Reconciliation: A Human Rights History of Ghana'' (U of Pennsylvania Press, 2018).
* {{cite book|author=Austin, Gareth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1JGXubE9NSIC|title=Labour, Land, and Capital in Ghana: From Slavery to Free Labour in Asante, 1807–1956|publisher=Boydell &amp; Brewer|year=2005|isbn=9781580461610}}
* Austin, Dennis. ''Politics in Ghana, 1946-1960'' (Oxford University Press, 1970).
* Biney, Ama. &quot;The Legacy of Kwame Nkrumah in Retrospect.&quot; ''Journal of Pan African Studies'' 2.3 (2008). [http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2014/resources/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf online] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064300/http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2014/resources/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf Archived] 5 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine, historiography
* Boahen, Adu. &quot;A New Look at the History of Ghana.&quot; ''African Affairs'' (1966): 212–222. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/719802 in JSTOR]
* Boahen, A. Adu. ''Mfantsipim and the Making of Ghana: a centenary history, 1876–1976'' (Sankofa Educational Pub, 1996)
* Bourret, Florence Mabel. ''Gold Coast: A survey of the Gold Coast and British Togoland, 1919–1946.'' (Stanford University Press, 1949). [https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/36011/GIPE-023967.pdf?sequence=3 online]

* Buah, F. K. ''A history of Ghana'' (London: Macmillan, 1998)
* Claridge, W. W. ''A History of the Gold Coast and Ashanti'' (1915)
* Davidson, Basil. ''Black star: a view of the life and times of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1990)
* Fuller, Harcourt. ''Building the Ghanaian Nation-State: Kwame Nkrumah’s Symbolic Nationalism'' (2014) [https://books.google.com/books?id=NNUaBgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA01 online],
* Gocking, Roger S. ''The History of Ghana'' (2005). [[iarchive:historyofghana00gock|online free to borrow]]
* Graham, Charles Kwesi. ''The History of Education in Ghana: From the Earliest Times to the Declaration of Independence'' (Routledge, 2013)
* McLaughlin, James L., and David Owusu-Ansah. &quot;Historical setting.&quot; ''Ghana: A country study'' (1995, Library of Congress), pp: 1–58. [https://www.loc.gov/item/95018891/ online]
* Owusu-Ansah, David. ''Historical Dictionary of Ghana'' (Rowman &amp; Littlefield, 2014)
* Szereszewski, R. ''Structural Changes in the Economy of Ghana, 1891–1911'' (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1965)
* Ward, W. E. F. ''A History of Ghana'' (Allen &amp; Unwin, 1966), [[iarchive:historyofghana0000ward|online free to borrow]]

=== Primary sources ===

=== Online ===

* Apter, David E. ''Ghana in Transition''. New York: Atheneum, 1963.
* Asare, Abena Ampofoa. ''Truth Without Reconciliation: A Human Rights History of Ghana''. Pennsylvania Studies in Human Rights. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018.
* Biney, Ama. &quot;The Legacy of Kwame Nkrumah in Retrospect.&quot; ''Journal of Pan African Studies'' 2, no. 3 (2008): 129+.
* Boateng, E. A. ''A Geography of Ghana''. 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966.
* Bourret, F. M. ''Ghana, the Road to Independence, 1919–1957''. Revised edn. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1960.
* Foster, Philip, and Aristide R. Zolberg, eds. ''Ghana and the Ivory Coast: Perspectives on Modernization''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971.
* Gebe, Boni Yao. &quot;Ghana's Foreign Policy at Independence and Implications for the 1966 Coup D'etat.&quot; ''Journal of Pan African Studies'' 2, no. 3 (2008): 160+.
* Jahoda, Gustav. ''White Man: A Study of the Attitudes of Africans to Europeans in Ghana before Independence''. Oxford University Press, 1961.
* Lentz, Carola. ''Ethnicity and the Making of History in Northern Ghana''. International African Library. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006.

* Osemwengie, Ikonnaya. &quot;Living with Nkrumahism: Nation, State, and Pan-Africanism in Ghana.&quot; ''African Studies Quarterly'' 18, no. 3 (2019): 3+.
* Poe, D. Zizwe. ''Kwame Nkrumah's Contribution to Pan-Africanism: An Afrocentric Analysis''. New York: Routledge, 2003.
* Quist-Adade, Charles. &quot;Ghana at Fifty Symposium: British Columbia, Canada.&quot; ''Journal of Pan African Studies'' 1, no. 9 (2007): 224+.
* Quist-Adade, Charles. &quot;Kwame Nkrumah, the Big Six, and the Fight for Ghana's Independence.&quot; ''Journal of Pan African Studies'' 1, no. 9 (2007): 230+.
* Salm, Steven J., and Toyin Falola. ''Culture and Customs of Ghana''. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2002.
* Schittecatte, Catherine. &quot;From Nkrumah to NEPAD and Beyond: Has Anything Changed?&quot; ''Journal of Pan African Studies'' 4, no. 9 (2012): 58+.
* Smertin, Yuri. ''Kwame Nkrumah'':. New York: International Publishers, 1987.
* Tettey, Wisdom J., Korbla P. Puplampu, and Bruce J. Berman, eds. ''Critical Perspectives in Politics and Socio-Economic Development in Ghana''. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2003.

== External links ==
{{commons}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20211021020539/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2552/ Ghana, One Year Old: a First Independence Anniversary Review]
* [https://archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A%28%22gold+coast%22%29&amp;and%5B%5D=mediatype%3A%22texts%22&amp;sort=-date Books on the Gold Coast]
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:History of Ghana}}
[[Category:History of Ghana| ]]
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  <page>
    <title>Iraq</title>
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'''Iraq''', officially de '''Republic of Iraq''', be a country insyd West Asia. E be bordered by [[Saudi Arabia]] to de south, [[Turkey]] to de north, Iran to de east, de Persian Gulf den Kuwait to de southeast, Jordan to de southwest, den Syria to de west. De country dey cover an area of {{Convert|438,317|km2|sqmi}} wey e get a population of over 46 million, wey dey make am de 58th largest country by area den de 31st most populous insyd de world. Baghdad, home to over 8 million people, be de capital city den de largest insyd de country.

A federal parliamentary republic, dem dey consider Iraq an emerging middle power. E be home to a diverse population, geography den wildlife. Chaw Iraqis be Muslim, while significant minorities dey include Christians, Mandaeans, Yazidis, Yarsanis den Jews. Iraqis be ethnically diverse; mostly Arabs, as well as Kurds, Turkmen, Yazidis, Assyrians, Armenians, Domcs, den Shabakis. Arabic den Kurdish be de official languages of Iraq, while dem dey speak Suret, Turkish den Mandaic regionally. Iraq, home to one of de largest oil reserves insyd de world, get a significant oil den gas industry. E sanso be popular for ein agriculture den tourism. At present, Iraq dey rebuild plus foreign support.

== Administrative divisions ==
Iraq be composed of nineteen governorates (anaa provinces) (Arabic: ''muhafadhat'', singular {{lang|ar|muhafadhah}}). De governorates be subdivided into districts (anaa {{lang|ar|qadhas}}), wich further be divided into sub-districts (anaa {{lang|ar|nawāḥī}}).

* Dohuk
* Nineveh
* Erbil
* Kirkuk
* Sulaymaniyah
* Saladin
* Al Anbar
* Baghdad
* Diyala
* Karbala
* Babylon
* Wasit
* Najaf
* Al-Qadisiyyah
* Maysan
* Muthanna
* Dhi Qar
* Basra
* Halabja

== Demographics ==

=== Cities and towns ===
Main article: List of cities in Iraq
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;10&quot; | Largest cities anaa towns insyd Iraq&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/iraq/cities/ &quot;Iraq cities&quot;]. ''citypopulation.de''. 16 December 2020. Retrieved 14 October 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!Rank
!Name
!Governorate
!Pop.
!Rank
!Name
!Governorate
!Pop.
|-
|1
|Baghdad
|Baghdad
|6,719,477
|11
|Hillah
|Babylon
|455,741
|-
|2
|Mosul
|Nineveh
|1,361,819
|12
|Diwaniyah
|Al-Qādisiyyah
|403,796
|-
|3
|Basra
|Basra
|1,340,827
|13
|Kut
|Wasit
|389,376
|-
|4
|Erbil
|Erbil
|1,550,071
|14
|Dohuk
|Dohuk
|340,871
|-
|5
|Kirkuk
|Kirkuk
|972,272
|15
|Az Zubayr
|Basra
|300,751
|-
|6
|Najaf
|Najaf as-Sharif
|747,261
|16
|Baqubah
|Diyala
|279,133
|-
|7
|Karbala
|Karbala
|711,530
|17
|Fallujah
|Anbar
|250,884
|-
|8
|Sulaymaniyah
|Sulaymaniyah
|676,492
|18
|Ramadi
|Anbar
|223,525
|-
|9
|Nasiriyah
|Dhi Qar
|558,446
|19
|Samawah
|Muthanna
|221,743
|-
|10
|Amarah
|Maysan
|527,472
|20
|Zakho
|Dohuk
|211,964
|}

== References ==

&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliography ==

* {{cite encyclopedia|title=ʿErāq-E ʿAjam(ī)|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VIII, Fasc. 5|page=538|last=Bosworth|first=C. E.|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/eraq-e-ajami|date=1998}}
* Shadid, Anthony 2005. ''Night Draws Near''. Henry Holt and Co., NY, US. {{ISBN|0-8050-7602-6}}.
* Hanna Batatu, &quot;The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq&quot;, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978.
* Charles Glass, &quot;The Northern Front: A Wartime Diary&quot;' Saqi Books, London, 2004. {{ISBN|0-86356-770-3}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050525231213/http://fax.libs.uga.edu/ds49x2xm465d/ A Dweller in Mesopotamia], being the adventures of an official artist in the garden of Eden, by Donald Maxwell, 1921 ''(a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; DjVu &amp; [https://web.archive.org/web/20050906055955/http://fax.libs.uga.edu/DS49x2xM465D/1f/dweller_in_mesopotamia.pdf layered PDF] format)''.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050402090804/http://fax.libs.uga.edu/DS49x2xW684B/ By Desert Ways to Baghdad], by Louisa Jebb (Mrs. Roland Wilkins) With illustrations and a map, 1908 (1909 ed.) ''(a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; DjVu &amp; [https://web.archive.org/web/20050906060015/http://fax.libs.uga.edu/DS49x2xW684B/1f/desert_ways_to_baghdad.pdf layered PDF] format)''.
* Benjamin Busch, &quot;'Today is Better than Tomorrow'. A Marine returns to a divided Iraq&quot;, ''Harper's Magazine'', October 2014, pp.&amp;nbsp;29–44.
* [https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/notes/2009/N3248.pdf Global Arms Exports to Iraq 1960–1990, Rand Research report]
* {{cite book|last=Lyman|first=Robert|title=Iraq 1941: The Battles for Basra, Habbaniya, Fallujah and Baghdad|publisher=Osprey|year=2006|isbn=1-84176-991-6|series=Campaign|location=Oxford}}
* {{cite book|last=Polk|first=William Roe|title=Understanding Iraq|publisher=I.B. Tauris|year=2005|isbn=978-0-85771-764-1}}
* {{cite book|last=Simons|first=Geoff|title=Iraq: From Sumer to Saddam|publisher=St. Martin's Press|year=1996|isbn=978-0-312-16052-4}}
== Read further ==
* {{cite web|title=Iraqi Constitution|url=http://www.iraqinationality.gov.iq/attach/iraqi_constitution.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Interior – General Directorate For Nationality|access-date=18 February 2013|date=30 January 2006|ref={{harvid|Iraqi Constitution}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128152712/http://www.iraqinationality.gov.iq/attach/iraqi_constitution.pdf|archive-date=28 November 2016}}
* {{cite book|author-link=|last=Tripp|first=Charles R. H.|title=A History of Iraq |publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-521-87823-4}}
== External links ==
{{sister project links||d=Q796|c=Category:Iraq|n=Category:Iraq|b=no|v=no|voy=Iraq|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}}
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=IQ Key Development Forecasts for Iraq] from International Futures

=== Government ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20250804073617/https://ur.gov.iq/ Ur Portal] – gateway to government sites
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230404190359/https://www.presidency.iq/EN/ Presidency] – official website of the president of Iraq
* [https://pmo.iq/ Prime Minister] – official website of the prime minister of Iraq
* [https://cosit.gov.iq Statistics] – Official website of Central Statistical Organization

=== History ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20250402173716/https://www.iraqiembassy.us/page/iraqs-history-an-interactive-timeline &quot;History&quot;] – Iraqi History at Embassy of the Republic of Iraq in Washington

=== Maps ===
* {{Osmrelation-inline|304934}}
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[[Category:Federal republics]]
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[[Category:Member states of de Arab League]]
[[Category:Member states of de Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]]
[[Category:Member states of de United Nations]]
[[Category:States den territories dem establish insyd 1932]]
[[Category:West Asian countries]]
[[Category:Countries for Asia insyd]]
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    <title>Sabil (fountain)</title>
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[[File:Abdulhamit_I_sebil.jpg|right|thumb|De sebil-fountain of Abdülhamid I, a historic sebil insyd Istanbul wey dey date from 1777. E dey include both an actual sebil (de curved kiosk plus windows) den two wall fountains plus taps (çesme insyd Turkish) on either side.]]
A '''sabil''' anaa '''sebil''' (Arabic: سبيل, romanized: ''sabīl''; Turkish: ''sebil'') be a small kiosk insyd de Islamic architectural tradition wer water be freely dispensed to members of de public by an attendant behind a grilled window. Dem sanso dey use de term sam times to refer to simple unmanned fountains plus a tap for drinking water,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Petersen |first=Andrew |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryislami00pete |title=Dictionary of Islamic Architecture |publisher=Routledge |year=1996 |isbn=0415213320 |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryislami00pete/page/n264 254] |url-access=limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; though oda names often exist for such fountains (such as çesme insyd Turkish).&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=A History of Ottoman Architecture|last=Goodwin|first=Godfrey|publisher=Thames &amp; Hudson|year=1971}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Historically, sabils be structures of both civic den religious importance insyd Muslim cities, most prominently insyd de cities of de [[Ottoman Empire]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kuban |first=Doğan |title=Ottoman Architecture |publisher=Antique Collectors' Club |year=2010 |isbn=9781851496044 |location=[[Woodbridge, Suffolk]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Sumner-Boyd |first1=Hilary |title=Strolling Through Istanbul: The Classic Guide to the City |last2=Freely |first2=John |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks |year=2010 |isbn=9781848851542 |location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; wey base insyd Istanbul, den of de Mamluk Empire, wey base insyd Cairo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Behrens-Abouseif |first=Doris |title=Cairo of the Mamluks: A History of Architecture and Its Culture |publisher=The American University in Cairo Press |year=2007 |isbn=9789774160776 |location=Cairo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na dem build dem at crossroads, insyd de middle of city squares, den on de outsyd of mosques den oda religious complexes to provide drinking water give travelers den to assist ritual ablutions before prayer.

== Etymology ==
De word ''sabil'' dey cam from de Arabic verb root ''sabala'' (سبل) wey dey mean &quot;to let fall, drop, to let hang down, to close eyes anaa to shed tear&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:72&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mostafa |first=Saleh Lamei |date=1989 |title=The Cairene Sabil: Form and Meaning |journal=Muqarnas |volume=6 |pages=33–42 |doi=10.2307/1602278 |jstor=1602278}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na  ''sabil'' initially mean &quot;road&quot; anaa &quot;path&quot; wey na e be used both metaphorically den literally insyd chaw instances insyd de Qur'an.&lt;ref name=&quot;:72&quot; /&gt; Ein use as an architectural term give a public water building anaa fountain likely dey derive from a more abstract meaning e acquire to refer to general acts anaa provisions done for de sake of God (such as a charitable act).&lt;ref name=&quot;:72&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:52&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Saǧlar Onay |first1=Nilüfer |last2=Uǧurlu |first2=Ayşe Hilal |date=2010 |title=A public meeting point: &quot;Sebil&quot; of Nuruosmaniye. |url=https://azitujournal.com/jvi.aspx?pdir=itujfa&amp;plng=eng&amp;un=ITUJFA-38278&amp;look4= |journal=A Z: ITU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=38–53 |issn=2564-7474}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Description den function ==
Na dem build a typical sabil over an underground cistern wich supply de water for distribution.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Caroline |title=Islamic Monuments in Cairo: The Practical Guide |publisher=American University in Cairo Press |year=2008 |isbn=9789774162053 |edition=6th |location=Cairo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Insyd sam cases, na de water drawn from de cistern then run down a decorative carved marble panel dem call a ''salsabil'', wich sanso fi serve de purpose of aerating de water as e cam from de cistern.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Na n attendant collect de water den distribute am to passers-by outsyd de sabil, usually thru a window plus a metal grille.

Na dis service be free to members of de public, wey na dem bia for by de revenues anaa funds of a charitable endowment, an Islamic waqf, dem provide anaa set up by de patron wey commission de building.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Caroline |title=Islamic Monuments in Cairo: The Practical Guide |publisher=American University in Cairo Press |year=2008 |isbn=9789774162053 |edition=6th |location=Cairo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Endowing money give de construction of sabils be considered an act of piety, wey na dem consider de construction of chaw sabils de hallmark of a beneficent ruler.&lt;ref name=&quot;:52&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:82&quot;&gt;[http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~cfh27/Jerusalem/Ottoman_Sabils_of_Jerusalem.pdf Ottoman sabils of Jerusalem] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424131453/http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~cfh27/Jerusalem/Ottoman_Sabils_of_Jerusalem.pdf|date=24 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot; widths=&quot;140px&quot; heights=&quot;145px&quot;&gt;
File:Cairo,_sabil_di_muhammad_'ali_pasha_01.JPG|De street facade of de Sabil of Tusun Pasha (anaa Sabil of Muhammad Ali), Cairo, dem plete insyd 1820.
File:Cairo,_sabil_di_muhammad_'ali_pasha,_finestra_con_grata.JPG|Water dispensing area insyd de sabil. (Sabil of Tusun Pasha anaa Muhammad Ali, Cairo, 19th century.)
File:Cistern_of_Sabil_of_Tusun_Pasha.jpg|De underground water cistern give de sabil. (Sabil of Tusun Pasha anaa Muhammad Ali, Cairo, 19th century.)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== History ==

=== Origins insyd de Islamic world ===
[[File:Sabil-kuttab-wikala_of_Qaitbay.jpg|thumb|A typical Mamluk &quot;sabil-kuttab&quot; insyd Cairo, attached to de Wikala and Sabil-Kuttab of Sultan Qaytbay (near [[al-Azhar Mosque]]) wey na dem plete insyd 1477.]]
During de formative period of early Islamic society (seventh century onward), na de Islamic world inherit de water traditions of de late antiquity Mediterranean world (formerly under Roman den Byzantine rule) den Iranian world (formerly under Sasanian rule).&lt;ref name=&quot;:62&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|title=Fountain|encyclopedia=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Islamic society develop existing methods into new ones anaa revived neglected ones.&lt;ref name=&quot;:62&quot; /&gt; In addition to de regular water needs for drinking den for agriculture, na water sanso get an important religions role insyd de ablutions anaa purification ritual dem require before prayer insyd [[Islam]], such dat even na early mosques be equipped plus either a water basin anaa fountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:72&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:62&quot; /&gt; Na water sanso get oda religious anaa spiritual symbolic importance, wey be associated plus Paradise (heaven) wey dem dey use am insyd de [[Quran|Qur'an]] as a symbol of Creation.&lt;ref name=&quot;:72&quot; /&gt; De Qur'an dey describe water as a blessing from God ([[Allah]]), den sam [[Hadith|hadiths]] dey exhort Muslims make dem offer water to thirsty humans den animals.&lt;ref name=&quot;:72&quot; /&gt;

As a result, water cam be an important element insyd Islamic architecture, both as a practical/religious provision as well as for aesthetic effects. Hammams (public bathhouses), dem inherit from de Roman thermae, continue to be an essential public facility insyd Islamic cities in addition to public fountains. At de same time, na dem feature water insyd palace den garden design as early as de Umayyad Caliphate (7th–8th centuries).&lt;ref name=&quot;:82&quot;&gt;[http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~cfh27/Jerusalem/Ottoman_Sabils_of_Jerusalem.pdf Ottoman sabils of Jerusalem] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424131453/http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~cfh27/Jerusalem/Ottoman_Sabils_of_Jerusalem.pdf|date=24 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na e play a role insyd formal gardens (such as Persian gardens) den insyd palace architecture such as insyd de famous example of de Alhambra insyd Spain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:62&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|title=Fountain|encyclopedia=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford}}&lt;/ref&gt;

How de architectural format of de sabil einself first develop be debated. While na water implicated insyd architectural design across de Muslim world, de sabil as a recognizable structure plus a particular purpose be associated mainly plus de Mamluk Sultanate den plus de [[Ottoman Empire]], plus both Istanbul den Cairo get chaw examples.&lt;ref name=&quot;:72&quot; /&gt; Na ein architecture be argued to draw inspiration from de descriptions of Paradise insyd de Qur'an.&lt;ref name=&quot;:72&quot; /&gt;

=== Sabils insyd Mamluk Cairo ===
[[File:Qaytbay_sabil-kuttab_2.jpg|left|thumb|Sabil-Kuttab of Sultan Qaytbay insyd Cairo]]
De oldest sabil for wich we get a date be insyd Damascus, Syria, wey na e be dated to 1077–78 CE (570 AH) according to ein inscription, wich be well before Ayyubid anaa Mamluk rule insyd [[Egypt]] den Syria. De earliest (surviving) sabil insyd Cairo be de one installed by de Mamluk sultan al-Nasir Muhammad at de corner of ein poppie ein monumental hospital-madrasa-mausoleum complex during restorations insyd 1325–26.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:72&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Caroline |title=Islamic Monuments in Cairo: The Practical Guide |publisher=American University in Cairo Press |year=2008 |isbn=9789774162053 |edition=6th |location=Cairo}}&lt;/ref&gt; As na Mamluk architecture develop, sabils cam be a standard feature of de religious den funerary complexes wey na de Mamluk elites build wey na e sanso cam to be typically accompanied by a kuttab (a space wey dey offer primary education, especially reading of de Qur'an).&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:72&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Na dese &quot;sabil-kuttab&quot; structures often be located for de corner of de building complex along a busy road anaa for an intersection.&lt;ref name=&quot;:72&quot; /&gt; Na de sabil dey locate at ground anaa street level (wer na e be accessible to passersby) while na de kuttab usually be above am on de upper levels. Na Mamluk sabils get facades plus large windows dem cover by heavy bronze grilles wey na dema exteriors be well-decorated, typically plus stone-carving along dema surfaces den plus multi-coloured marble panels above de windows.&lt;ref name=&quot;:72&quot; /&gt; Na de interiors sanso be typically decorated plus marble mosaics den plus painted wooden ceilings, while na de water from de cistern often trickle over an ornamental carved marble panel (dem know as a ''salsabil'') before na e be collected by de sabil ein attendant.&lt;ref name=&quot;:72&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

During de Mamluk period, na such structures almost be always integrated into a larger building, wey na dem be rarely ever built as separate anaa stand-alone structures.&lt;ref name=&quot;:72&quot; /&gt; Na de earliest free-standing anaa independent sabil-kuttab be de one wey Sultan Qaytbay build insyd 1479 (de Sabil-Kuttab of Qaytbay) along Saliba Street.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Caroline |title=Islamic Monuments in Cairo: The Practical Guide |publisher=American University in Cairo Press |year=2008 |isbn=9789774162053 |edition=6th |location=Cairo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Blair |first=Sheila S. |title=The Art and Architecture of Islam: 1250–1800 |last2=Bloom |first2=Jonathan |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1995 |location=New Haven; London |pages=92}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na e be under Ottoman rule per (from 1517 dey go) wey na independent sabil-kuttabs cam be a common building type insyd Cairo, plus notable examples like de Sabil-kuttab of Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda at Bayn al-Qasrayn.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Na dis be in part secof de Ottoman governors wey na elites of dis period get relatively limited resources den na Cairo einself cam be densely built-up, dey leave little space to build more. As such, na de small buh multi-level &quot;sabil-kuttab&quot; structure cam be a cost-effective option give political elites to offer charitable services to de general population, wich in turn help dem publicly display dema piety.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

=== Sebils insyd Ottoman Istanbul ===
[[File:Fontanna_Ahmeda_III_Istambuł_RB1.jpg|thumb|De Fountain den sebil of Sultan Ahmed III insyd Istanbul, dem build insyd 1728 in front of de Topkapı Palace gate.]]
Insyd 16th century Istanbul, na sebils be a symbol of public possession. Na de attempt to add spigots (taps) be opposed secof na dis be perceived as limiting public access to de blessings of nature.&lt;ref name=&quot;:52&quot; /&gt; Insyd later centuries, sebils cam be elaborately decorated structures, either dem attach to mosque complexes anaa existing as stand-alone structures, often at busy intersections anaa street corners.&lt;ref name=&quot;:52&quot; /&gt; Na dem be a prominent type of construction insyd de &quot;Tulip period&quot; during de reign of Ahmed III insyd de early 18th century, wich dem see an emergence of de &quot;Rococo&quot; Ottoman architectural style, den during de later &quot;Baroque&quot; phase of Ottoman architecture wey be followed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt; De Fountain of Ahmed III, next to Topkapı Palace den de [[Hagia Sophia]], be one of de most famous den elaborate examples.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot; /&gt; Like oda public monuments, na dem often be inscribed plus Ottoman Turkish verses wey form a chronogram dey use de Abjad numbers to date de construction.&lt;ref name=&quot;:52&quot; /&gt; Historically, during holidays den major celebrations, sam sebils sanso distribute a sweetened fruit drink dem know as &quot;sherbet&quot; anaa anoda fruit juice.&lt;ref name=&quot;:52&quot; /&gt;

Ril de spread of in-house plumbing by de end of de 20th century, na sebils den oda fountains be essential for de daily life of de inhabitants of Istanbul. In present-day Istanbul, chaw sebils either be abandoned anaa dey serve oda functions such as commercial shops.&lt;ref name=&quot;:52&quot; /&gt; Na sam be restored as part of wider historical architectural complexes, buh still no dey serve dema original purpose.&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:52&quot; /&gt;

== Examples ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wasplaats_in_Tunis_TMnr_60028268.jpg|Hafsid-era fountain anaa sabil near Bab Sidi Abdessalem, Tunis
File:Kájtbájova_kašna,_Jeruzalém.jpg|Fountain of Qayt Bay at de Temple Mount, Jerusalem (1482)
File:Mouassine_mosque_04.jpg|De 16th-century Mouassine Fountain insyd Marrakech
File:Samokov-Cheshmata.jpg|De Grand Fountain insyd Samokov, [[Bulgaria]], wey de Ottomans build insyd 1660
File:Sabil-Kuttab_of_Katkhuda_(14613468600).jpg|Sabil-Kuttab of Katkhuda, Cairo, (1744)
File:Damat_Ibrahim_Mosque_Sebil_0889.jpg|Damat Ibrahim Mosque sebil, Istanbul (1720)
File:FountainAhmedIIIÜsküdar02.JPG|Sultan Ahmed III Fountain insyd Üsküdar, Istanbul (1728)
File:Ruelibraires_01.JPG|A sabil window insyd Tunis, next to de entrance of de Madrasa al-Bashiya, wey dey date from 1752
File:Sebilj_in_Sarajevo_(8269348990).jpg|The Sebilj insyd Baščaršija, Sarajevo (1753)
File:سبيل_على_بك.jpg|Sabil of Ali Bey Al-Kabir insyd Tanta, [[Egypt]] (18th century)
File:DSC01004-1-2.jpg|Sabil of Isma'il Pasha insyd Cairo (1828)
File:PikiWiki_Israel_13548_Sebil_in_Acre.jpg|An Ottoman sabil dem attach to de al-Jazzar Mosque insyd Acre
File:Sabilyafo.jpg|Early 19th-century Ottoman fountain-sabil dem attach to de Mahmoudiya Mosque insyd Jaffa, Israel.
File:Sabil_from_Rachel_Tomb.jpg|Fountain-sabil outsyd Rachel's Tomb, near Bethlehem. A late Ottoman coat of arms be carved on ein face
File:Dar_Tazi,_Fes,_Morocco_-_panoramio_(1).jpg|De Nejjarine Fountain insyd Fes, [[Morocco]] (19th-century)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== References ==

=== Citations ===
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
{{commons}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121003155634/http://archnet.org/library/dictionary/entry.jsp?entry_id=DIA0836 Sebil] in the dictionary of Islamic architecture
* [http://www.turkishculture.org/pages.php?ChildID=&amp;ParentID=6&amp;ID=30&amp;ChildID1=&amp;miMore=&amp;&amp;pageno=0#PageImage Fountains of Istanbul]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sebil}}

[[Category:Fountains]]
[[Category:Islamic architectural elements]]
[[Category:Water den Islam]]
[[Category:Water supply]]
[[Category:Drinking behaviors]]
[[Category:2026 Wiki Dey Love Ramadan Contributions]]</text>
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    <title>Grace Oladunni Taylor</title>
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'''Grace Oladunni Taylor''' (dem also dey call am '''Grace Oladunni Lucia Olaniyan-Taylor'''; 1937-2025)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Akinyotu |first=Adetunji |url=https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=ojEJAQAAIAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y |title=Who's who in Science and Technology in Nigeria |date=1989 |publisher=Federal University of Technology |isbn=978-978-2475-00-8 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; be biochemist woman, wey she work for [[University of Ibadan]], Nigeria before. She be de second woman wey dem put insyd Nigerian Academy of Science, wey she be de first African person wey dem give L'Oréal-UNESCO Award for Women insyd Science.

== Early life den education ==
Dem born Grace Oladunni Lucia Olaniyan for Efon-Alaiye, Ekiti State, Naija, give Elizabeth (dem dey call am née Olatoun) den R. A. W. Olaniyan as poppie den mommie. From 1952 go 1956, she go school for Queen's School wey dey Ede insyd Osun State.

She start ein university matter for 1957 for Nigerian College of Arts and Science for Enugu, then 1959 she comot go University College of Ibadan (wey now be University of Ibadan). Olaniyan finish sharp plus first class honour for chemistry for 1962.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://accnnigeria.org/plenary%20speakers.html &quot;Emeritus Professor G. Oladunni Olaniyan-Taylor, FAS&quot;.] Ibadan, Nigeria: Association of Clinical Chemists of Nigeria. Retrieved 5 November 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career den research ==
Right after she comot school plus chemistry degree, she no waste time at all, she go straight go work for de Regional Agricultural Research Station&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; (wey now be National Root Crops Research Institute)&lt;ref name=&quot;The National Root Crops Research Institute&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.nrcri.gov.ng/pages/History.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045134/http://www.nrcri.gov.ng/pages/History.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=5 November 2015 |publisher=The National Root Crops Research Institute |location=Ibadan, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; for Moor Plantation for Ibadan area.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1963, dem hire am as research assistant for di department of chemical pathology for Ibadan University, den she grab her PhD (doctorate) for chemical pathology for 1969. 1970, di university hire am as [[:en:Lecturer|lecturer]], then 1975 she go do visiting research fellow for Northwest Lipid Research Laboratory for Seattle, Washington side. She come back go Ibadan University, dem promote am go senior lecturer for 1975, and 1979 dem make am reader (like associate professor level). By 1979 wey she start to dey publish plenty papers, she marry plus Professor Ajibola Taylor. In 1980, she go do visiting scientist for metabolic research unit for University of West Indies for Kingston, Jamaica. Then 1984, Taylor climb go full professor of chemical pathology for Ibadan University. Same year, she go back do second research fellowship for Northwest Lipid Research Laboratory for Seattle, plus she do visiting scientist posting for Port of Spain, Trinidad for di department of chemical pathology. In 1990, dem hire am as associate professor for University of Zimbabwe School of Medicine for Harare, wey she teach for pathology department. 1991 she return go Ibadan University, from 1991 to 1994 she head de department for chemical pathology, wey she dey serve as honorary consultant for University College Hospital, Ibadan. She retire proper for 2004&lt;ref&gt;[http://accnnigeria.org/plenary%20speakers.html &quot;Emeritus Professor G. Oladunni Olaniyan-Taylor, FAS&quot;]. Ibadan, Nigeria: Association of Clinical Chemists of Nigeria. Retrieved 5 November 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;, but she no stop she continue to lecture part-time for Ibadan for di same chemical pathology department.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20171203224429/http://www.africansuccess.org/visuFiche.php?lang=en&amp;id=777 &quot;Biography of Grace Oladuni Taylor&quot;]. African Success. 18 October 2008. Archived from [http://www.africansuccess.org/visuFiche.php?lang=en&amp;id=777 the original] on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 5 November 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;

Her main speciality be di analysis of lipids (fats wey dey inside body) for cardiovascular disease (heart and blood vessel wahala), and di way she compare lipid metabolism show say cholesterol level no be something wey come from race or tribe, but edey depend on wetin person dey chop plus how much exercise dem dey do&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.mext.go.jp/unesco/001/2009/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2009/03/27/1259194_5_1.pdf &quot;L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards 1998–2008&quot;] (PDF). Clichy Cedex, France: L’Oréal-UNESCO Awards. 2010. Retrieved 5 November 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;. She chop plenty honours and awards for her research work, like Shell-BP Scholarship for Chemistry, World Health Organization Fellowship, Fulbright–Hays Fellowship, Ciba-Geigy Fellowship, and Association of African Universities Fellowship&lt;ref&gt;[http://accnnigeria.org/plenary%20speakers.html &quot;Emeritus Professor G. Oladunni Olaniyan-Taylor, FAS&quot;]. Ibadan, Nigeria: Association of Clinical Chemists of Nigeria. Retrieved 5 November 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;. For 1997, dem induct am for de Nigerian Academy of Science as Fellow&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194451/http://www.interacademies.net/File.aspx?id=27105 &quot;2014 Annual Report/ Year Book&quot;]. Lagos, Nigeria: The Nigerian Academy of Science. January 2015. p. 27. Archived from [http://www.interacademies.net/File.aspx?id=27105 the original] on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;, and she be di second woman ever wey dem honour like dat for di academy inside&lt;ref&gt;[http://accnnigeria.org/plenary%20speakers.html &quot;Emeritus Professor G. Oladunni Olaniyan-Taylor, FAS&quot;]. Ibadan, Nigeria: Association of Clinical Chemists of Nigeria. Retrieved 5 November 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;. For 1998, de L'Oréal-UNESCO prize start proper, wey dem dey give one woman from each of five regions (Africa and Arab states, Asia-Pacific, Europe, Latin America, North America) for demma big scientific work wey dey help improve humanity. Grace Taylor be di African woman wey dem pick for di very first set of winners for L'Oréal-UNESCO Award for Women in Science&lt;ref&gt;[https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/soc.culture.nigeria/XY3U20XeM20 &quot;News in Brief&quot;]. Reuters. 8 January 1998. Retrieved 5 November 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;, so she became di first African person wey win am&lt;ref&gt;[https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/soc.culture.nigeria/XY3U20XeM20 &quot;News in Brief&quot;]. Reuters. 8 January 1998. Retrieved 5 November 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113236/http://twitpic.com/photos/ekitistategov?page=5 &quot;Govt. of Ekiti State&quot;]. Twitpic. Archived from [http://twitpic.com/photos/ekitistategov?page=5 the original] on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;. In 2012, Ekiti State Government honour am pass for di way she mentor den teach medical students&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113236/http://twitpic.com/photos/ekitistategov?page=5 &quot;Govt. of Ekiti State&quot;]. Twitpic. Archived from [http://twitpic.com/photos/ekitistategov?page=5 the original] on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ndujihe, Clifford; Ariyibi, Gbenga (26 March 2012). [http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/03/ekiti-goes-tough-over-unapproved-houses/ &quot;Ekiti goes tough over unapproved houses&quot;]. Apapa Lagos, Nigeria: Vanguard. Retrieved 5 November 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Ein selected works ==

* Taylor, Grace Oladunni; Bamgboye, Afolabi E. (December 1979). [http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/32/12/2540.full.pdf &quot;Serum cholesterol and diseases for Nigerians&quot;] (PDF). ''The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition''. 32 (12): 2540–2545. doi:10.1093/ajcn/32.12.2540. &lt;nowiki&gt;PMID 506976&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* Taylor, G. Oladunni; Agbedana, E. O.; Johnson, A. O. K. (May 1982). [[doi:10.1079/BJN19820061|&quot;High-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol for people wey get protein-energy malnutrition&quot;]]. ''British Journal of Nutrition''. 47 (3). The Nutrition Society: 489–494. doi:10.1079/BJN19820061. &lt;nowiki&gt;PMID 6805501&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* Taylor, Oladunni Grace; Ahaneku, Joseph Eberendu; Agbedana, Olu Emmanuel (October 1995). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160201083454/http://ousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/file/30397/fulltext.pdf &quot;How body mass index (BMI) dey connect with changes for plasma total and HDL-cholesterol levels when dem dey treat high blood pressure for African patients&quot;] (PDF). ''Acta Medica Okayama''. 49 (5). Okayama University Medical School. ISSN 0386-300X. (Dem archive [http://ousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/file/30397/fulltext.pdf di original] PDF since 2016-02-01).
* Taylor, Grace O.; Orimadegun, Bose E.; Anetor, John I.; Adedapo, Deborah A.; Onuegbu, Jude A.; Olisekodiaka, Japhet M. (July–September 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250531055607/https://www.pjms.com.pk/issues/julsep07/article/article7.html &quot;Plenty serum iron dey link with coronary heart disease among Nigerian adults&quot;]. ''Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences''. 23 (4). Professional Medical Publications: 518–522. ISSN 1681-715X.
* Taylor, Grace Oladunni; Ebesunun, Maria Onomhaguan; Agbedana, Emmanuel Oluyemi; Oladapo, Olulola O. (September–December 2013). &quot;How plasma lipids and lipoproteins dey vary among people wey get cardiovascular disease for South-western Nigeria&quot;. ''Biokemistri''. 25 (2). Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0795-8080 0795-8080].
* Taylor, G. O. (1971). Serum triglycerides and fatty acids for kwashiorkor. ''The American journal of clinical nutrition'', 24(10), 1212–1215.&lt;ref&gt;Taylor, Grace Oladunni (1971-10-01). &quot;Serum triglycerides and fatty acids in kwashiorkor&quot;. ''The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition''. '''24''' (10): 1212–1215. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/ajcn/24.10.1212|10.1093/ajcn/24.10.1212]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9165 0002-9165]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5110540 5110540].&lt;/ref&gt;
* Taylor, J. Communities of practice: A way of leading. ''Teaching and Learning'', 40.
* Cheraskin, E. &quot;If High Blood Cholesterol Be Bad—Low One Good?&quot; ''Journal of orthomolecular medicine'' 1.3 (1986): 176–183.&lt;ref&gt;KALITA, DWIGHT K. (1977), &quot;A Legal Triumph for Orthomolecular Medicine&quot;, ''A Physician's Handbook on Orthomolecular Medicine'', Elsevier, pp. 181–183, [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-021533-4.50035-9|10.1016/b978-0-08-021533-4.50035-9]], ISBN 978-0-08-021533-4&lt;/ref&gt;
* Bock, U. (2000). How dem dey put Women's Studies inside German Universities for end of di century. ''European Education'', 32(4), 14–32.&lt;ref&gt;Bock, Ulla (December 2000). &quot;The Institutionalization of Women's Studies at German Universities at the End of the Century&quot;. ''European Education''. '''32''' (4): 14–32. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2753/eue1056-4934320414|10.2753/eue1056-4934320414]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1056-4934 1056-4934]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143843522 143843522].&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
{{sister project links||d=Q22290342|c=Category:Grace Oladunni Taylor|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}}
* [https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3AOladunni+Grace+Taylor&amp;qt=notfound_page&amp;search=Search WorldCat Publications list]

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'''Abū Bakr al-Rāzī''', dem sanso know as '''Rhazes''' (full name: أبو بکر محمد بن زکریاء الرازي, ''Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Zakariyyāʾ al-Rāzī''), 864 anaa 865 – 925 amaa 935 CE, be a Persian physician, philosopher den alchemist wey live during de Islamic Golden Age. He be widely regarded as one of de most important figures insyd de history of medicine,&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Walker|1998}}; {{Harvnb|Iskandar|2008}}; {{Harvnb|Adamson|2021a}}.&lt;/ref&gt; wey he sanso wrep on logic, astronomy den grammar.&lt;ref&gt;Majid Fakhry, ''A History of Islamic  Philosophy'', Columbia University Press (2004), p. 98.&lt;/ref&gt; He sanso be known for ein criticism of religion, especially plus regard to de concepts of prophethood den revelation. However, de religio-philosophical aspects of ein thought, wich sanso include a belief insyd five &quot;eternal principles&quot;, be fragmentary wey only reported by authors wey often be hostile to am.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Adamson|2021a}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

A comprehensive thinker, al-Razi make fundamental den enduring contributions to various fields, wich he record in over 200 manuscripts, wey particularly be remembered for numerous advances insyd medicine thru ein observations den discoveries.&lt;ref&gt;Hakeem Abdul Hameed, [https://web.archive.org/web/20081006200548/http://salaam.co.uk/knowledge/hakeems.php Exchanges between India and Central Asia in the Field of Medicine]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006200548/http://salaam.co.uk/knowledge/hakeems.php|date=6 October 2008}}.&lt;/ref&gt; An early proponent of experimental medicine, he cam be a successful doctor, wey he serve as chief physician of Baghdad den Ray hospitals.&lt;ref name=&quot;ENW2&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Iskandar|2008}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Influence of Islam on World Civilization by Prof. Z. Ahmed, p. 127.&lt;/ref&gt; As a teacher of medicine, he attract students of all backgrounds den interests wey dem say to be compassionate den devoted to de service of ein patients, whether rich anaa poor.&lt;ref&gt;Rāzī, Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Zakarīyā, Fuat Sezgin, Māzin ʻAmāwī, Carl Ehrig-Eggert, and E. Neubauer. ''Muḥammad ibn Zakarīyāʼ ar-Rāzī (d. 313/925): Texts and Studies''. Frankfurt am Main: Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 1999.&lt;/ref&gt; Along plus Thābit ibn Qurra (836–901), he be one of de first to clinically distinguish between [[smallpox]] den [[measles]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Sezgin|1970}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Thru translation, ein medical works den ideas cam be known among medieval European practitioners wey he profoundly influence medical education insyd de Latin West.&lt;ref name=&quot;ENW2&quot; /&gt; Sam volumes of ein work ''Al-Mansuri'', namely &quot;On Surgery&quot; den &quot;A General Book on Therapy&quot;, cam be part of de medical curriculum insyd Western universities.&lt;ref name=&quot;ENW2&quot; /&gt; Edward Granville Browne dey consider am as &quot;probably de greatest den most original of all de Muslim physicians, den one of de most prolific as an author&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Browne|1921|p=44}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Additionally, dem describe am as de father of pediatrics,&lt;ref name=&quot;Tschanz2&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|author=Tschanz David W., PhD|year=2003|title=Arab(?) Roots of European Medicine|journal=Heart Views|volume=4|issue=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Elgood2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=A Medical History of Persia and The Eastern Caliphate|last1=Elgood|first1=Cyril|date=2010|publisher=Cambridge|isbn=978-1-108-01588-2|edition=1st|location=London|pages=202–203|quote=By writing a monograph on 'Diseases in Children' he may also be looked upon as the father of pediatrics.}}&lt;/ref&gt; den a pioneer of obstetrics den ophthalmology.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.unhas.ac.id/rhiza/arsip/saintis/razi.html|title=Ar-Razi (Rhazes), 864–930 C.E.|website=www.unhas.ac.id|access-date=2020-02-27|quote=Ar-Razi was a pioneer in many areas of medicine and treatment and the health sciences in general. In particular, he was a pioneer in the fields of pediatrics, obstetrics and ophthalmology.|archive-date=20 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220144536/http://www.unhas.ac.id/rhiza/arsip/saintis/razi.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
{{sister project links||d=Q169234|c=Category:Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}}

* &quot;[https://soundcloud.com/user-542495654-897696505/city-tour-baghdad Dr Al Razi's city tour of Baghdad].&quot; Educational podcast released by the Leiden Learning &amp; Innovation Centre as part of the Massive Open Online Course &quot;Cosmopolitan Medieval Arabic World.&quot;
* [http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H043 &quot;al-Razi&quot; on Islamic Philosophy Online], encyclopedia article about al-Razi by Paul E. Walker.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210115040209/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7476 ''Lives of the Physicians''], dating from 1882, features a biography, in Arabic, about Rhazes.

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    <title>Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</title>
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'''Ellen Eugenia Johnson Sirleaf''' (dem born am 29 October 1938) be Liberian politician wey serve as de 24th presido of Liberia from 2006 to 2018. Sirleaf be de first dem elect am female head of state for Africa insyd.&lt;ref&gt;[https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u271942 &quot;Johnson Sirleaf, Ellen Eugenia, (born 29 Oct. 1938), President of Liberia, since 2006&quot;], Who's Who, Oxford University Press, 1 December 2015, [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u271942|10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u271942]], retrieved 30 March 2022&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Hough, Lory (10 September 2006). [https://www.hks.harvard.edu/research-insights/policy-topics/public-leadership-management/ellen-johnson-sirleaf &quot;Ellen Johnson Sirleaf: From HKS to the campaign trail&quot;]. [[:en:Harvard_Kennedy_School|Harvard Kennedy School]]. Retrieved 7 September 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dem born Sirleaf for Monrovia insyd to a Gola poppie den Kru-German mommie. Dem educate am for de College of West Africa. Sirleaf be Harvard-trained economist. She fini ein education for de [[United States]] insyd, wey she study at Madison Business College, de University of Colorado Boulder, den Harvard University. She return to Liberia to work for William Tolbert ein government as Deputy Minister of Finance from 1973 to 1974. Later, she work again for de West insyd, give de World Bank for de Caribbean den Latin America insyd. For 1979 insyd, she receive a cabinet appointment as Minister of Finance, wey e serve to 1980.

After Samuel Doe seize power for 1980 insyd for a coup d'état insyd den execute Tolbert, Sirleaf flee to de United States. She work give Citibank den de Equator Bank. She return to Liberia to contest a senatorial seat give Montserrado County for 1985 insyd, an election dat dem dispute am. Dem arrest am as a result of ein open criticism of de military government for 1985 insyd den dem sentence am to ten years imprisonment, although dem later release am.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ellen-Johnson-Sirleaf &quot;Ellen Johnson Sirleaf | Biography, Nobel Peace Prize, &amp; Facts&quot;]. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 20 May 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Sirleaf continue dey involve for politics insyd. She fini for second place insyd at de 1997 presidential election, wey Charles Taylor win am. 

She win de 2005 presidential election den take office for 16 January 2006 top. Dem re-elect am for 2011 insyd. She be de first woman for Africa insyd wey dem elect am as president of ein country. She win de [[Nobel Peace Prize]] for 2011 insyd, in recognition of ein efforts to bring women into de peacekeeping process. She receive numerous oda awards give ein leadership. For June 2016 insyd, dem elect Sirleaf as de Chair of de [[ECOWAS|Economic Community of West African States]], wey e make am de first woman wey hold de position since dem create am.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ghanastar.com/africa-news/liberias-president-sirleaf-elected-new-ecowas-chair/ &quot;Liberia's President Ellen Sirleaf, Becomes First Female ECOWAS Chair&quot;]. GhanaStar.com. 5 June 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein family background ==
Sirleaf ein poppie be Gola den ein mommie be mix Kru den [[Germany|German]] ancestry.&lt;ref&gt;Kramer, Reed (11 December 2005). [http://allafrica.com/stories/200512110034.html &quot;Liberia: Showered With Enthusiasm, Liberia's President-Elect Receives High-Level Reception in Washington&quot;]. All Africa.com. Retrieved 15 December 2005.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200505033400/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/110053359600/Ellen-Johnson-Sirleaf &quot;Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf&quot;]. [[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica|Encyclopædia Britannica]]. Archived from [https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/110053359600/Ellen-Johnson-Sirleaf the original] on 5 May 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://theelders.org/ &quot;Ellen Johnson Sirleaf&quot;]. theelders.org.&lt;/ref&gt;

While no for fact insyd Americo-Liberian for terms of ancestry insyd, sekof ein parents ein upbringing den ein own education for de West insyd, dem consider Sirleaf to be culturally Americo-Liberian, anaa dem assume am to be Americo-Liberian. Ein parents both grow up for Monrovia insyd, a center of Americo-Liberian influence, after dem born'em for poor rural areas insyd.&lt;ref&gt;Kofa, Tleh (28 September 2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090609153320/http://www.theliberiandialogue.org/articles/c092805tws.htm &quot;Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf finally confesses to funding Liberian civil war&quot;]. The Liberian Dialogue. Archived from [http://www.theliberiandialogue.org/articles/c092805tws.htm the original] on 9 June 2009. Retrieved 14 March 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20100826061038/http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/liberia/sirleaf.html &quot;Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf: Liberia's 'Iron Lady'&quot;]. [[:en:CBC_News|CBC News]]. 28 March 2006. Archived from [http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/liberia/sirleaf.html the original] on 26 August 2010. Retrieved 3 September 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Koblanck, Anna (4 November 2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20051112173743/http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/2518/context/archive &quot;Liberian Becomes Africa's First Elected Female Prez&quot;]. [[:en:Women's_eNews|Women's eNews]]. Archived from [http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/2518/context/archive the original] on 12 November 2005. Retrieved 13 April 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; Sirleaf no identify as such.

Sirleaf ein poppie, Jahmale Carney Johnson, dem born am into a Gola family for impoverished rural region insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&quot;Ellen!&quot;. [[:en:Harvard_Kennedy_School|Harvard Kennedy School]] of [[:en:Harvard_University|Harvard University]]. Spring 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; He be de kiddie of a minor Gola chief named Jahmale Carney den one of ein wives, Jenneh, for Julijuah, Bomi County insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190107043808/http://www.liberiapastandpresent.org/JohnsonSirleaf/TribalRoots.htm &quot;Ellen Johnson Sirleaf's tribal roots and Americo Liberian background&quot;]. Liberia Past And Present. Archived from [http://www.liberiapastandpresent.org/JohnsonSirleaf/TribalRoots.htm the original] on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 14 December 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; Dem send ein poppie to Monrovia give education, wey he change ein surname to Johnson sekof ein poppie ein loyalty to Presido Hilary R. W. Johnson, Liberia ein first native-born presido.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Jahmale Johnson grow up for Monrovia insyd, wey dem raise am by Americo-Liberian family plus de surname McCritty.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; He later enter politics; he be de first Liberian from an indigenous ethnic group wey dem elect to de country ein national legislature.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Dem born Sirleaf ein mommie into poverty, for Greenville insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ein grandmother, Juah Sarwee, send Sirleaf ein mommie to de capital, Monrovia, wen ein German husband (Sirleaf ein grandfather) get to flee de country after Liberia declare war for [[Germany]] top during World War I.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Cecilia Dunbar, a member of a prominent Americo-Liberian family for de capital insyd, Sirleaf ein mommie adopt den raise am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Ein early life den career ==
Dem born Sirleaf for Monrovia insyd for 1938 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; She go de College of West Africa, a preparatory school, from 1948 to 1955. She marry James Sirleaf wen she dey seventeen years old. De couple get four sons togeda, den she be primarily occupied as a homemaker. Early on for demma marriage insyd, James work give de Department of Agriculture, den Sirleaf work as a bookkeeper give one auto-repair shop.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;[https://www.achievement.org/achiever/ellen-johnson-sirleaf/#interview &quot;Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Biography and Interview&quot;]. www.achievement.org. [[:en:American_Academy_of_Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]].&lt;/ref&gt;

She travel plus ein husband to de United States for 1961 insyd to continue ein education den earn one associate degree for Accounting insyd for Madison Business College, for Madison, Wisconsin insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;Bergner, Daniel (22 October 2010). &quot;An Uncompromising Woman&quot;. [[:en:New_York_Times_Magazine|New York Times Magazine]].&lt;/ref&gt; Wen dem return to Liberia, James continue ein work for de Agriculture Department den Sirleaf pursue a career for de Treasury Department insyd (Ministry of Finance).&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Dem divorce for 1961 insyd sekof James ein abuse.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/african-history-biographies/ellen-johnson-sirleaf &quot;Sirleaf, Ellen Johnson&quot;]. Encyclopedia.com.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Sirleaf return to college to fini ein bachelor's degree. For 1970 insyd, she earn a BA for economics insyd from de Economics Institute of de University of Colorado Boulder,&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.colorado.edu/artsandsciences/economics &quot;Economics&quot;]. CU Boulder website. Retrieved 4 January 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; wey she sanso spend a summer wey dey prepare give graduate studies. Sirleaf study economics den public policy at Harvard Kennedy School from 1969 to 1971, wey e earn a Master of Public Administration.&lt;ref&gt;[https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2011/03/the-voice-of-reform/ &quot;The voice of reform&quot;]. Harvard Gazette. 10 March 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; She return to ein native Liberia to work for de administration of William Tolbert insyd, wey dem appoint am as Assistant Minister of Finance. Whilst for dat position insyd, she attract attention plus a &quot;bombshell&quot; speech to de Liberian Chamber of Commerce dat claim dat de country ein corporations dey harm de economy by hoarding anaa sending demma profits overseas.&lt;ref&gt;Robinson, Jack. &quot;Mrs. Sirleaf on 'Stimulating the Economy'&quot;, Liberian Age, 29 June 1973, pp. 1–2.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sirleaf serve as Assistant Minister from 1972 to 1973 for de Tolbert administration insyd. She resign after a disagreement about government wey dey spend. Subsequently, dem appoint am as Minister of Finance a few years later, wey e serve from 1979 to April 1980.&lt;ref&gt;Agaba, Dennis. [http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/221491/ &quot;Ellen Johnson Sirleaf: First female African president&quot;]. The New Times Rwanda. Retrieved 13 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

Master Sergeant Samuel Doe, a member of de indigenous Krahn ethnic group, seize power for a military coup insyd for 12 April 1980 insyd; he order de assassination of Tolbert den execution wey he fire squad of all but four members of ein Cabinet. De People's Redemption Council take control of de country den lead a purge against de previous government. Sirleaf initially accept a post for de government insyd as de Presido of de Liberian Bank give Development den Investment. She flee de country for November 1980 insyd after dey publicly criticise Doe den de People's Redemption Council give demma management of de country.&lt;ref&gt;Sherman, Frank (31 January 2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=1lstRzSWEcUC&amp;dq=She+fled+the+country+in+November+1980+after+publicly+criticising+Doe+and+the+People%27s+Redemption+Council+for+their+management+of+the+country+ellen+johnson&amp;pg=PA198 Liberia: The Land, Its People, History and Culture]. New Africa Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-9987-16-025-9|978-9987-16-025-9]].&lt;/ref&gt;

Sirleaf initially move to Washington, D.C., den work give de World Bank.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/when-the-world-bank-came-to-ellen-johnson-sirleafs-rescue/2017/03/17/e77f2f34-08f3-11e7-bd19-fd3afa0f7e2a_story.html &quot;Opinion | When the World Bank came to Ellen Johnson Sirleaf's rescue&quot;]. The Washington Post. Retrieved 13 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; For 1981 insyd, she move to Nairobi, Kenya to serve as Vice Presido of de African Regional Office of Citibank. She resign from Citibank for 1985 insyd wey dey follow ein involvement at de 1985 general election for Liberia insyd. She go work give Equator Bank,&lt;ref&gt;[http://harvardafricaalumni.com/project/president-ellen-johnson-sirleaf/ &quot;President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf | Harvard Africa Alumni Action Forum&quot;]. harvardafricaalumni.com. Retrieved 13 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; a subsidiary of HSBC.

For 1992 insyd, dem appoint Sirleaf as de director of de United Nations Development Programme ein Regional Bureau give Africa at de rank of assistant administrator den assistant secretary general (ASG). Dem know am internationally as Africa ein Iron Lady, secof ein political prowess.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2011/johnson_sirleaf/biographical/ &quot;The Nobel Peace Prize 2011&quot;]. NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 20 May 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; She resign from dis role for 1997 insyd in order to run give de presidency of Liberia. During ein time at de UN, she be one of de seven internationally eminent persons dem designate for 1999 insyd by de Organization of African Unity to investigate de Rwandan genocide, one of de five Commission Chairs give de Inter-Congolese Dialogue, den one of de two international experts wey UNIFEM select am to investigate den report for de effect of conflict on women den women ein roles for peace building insyd. She be de initial Chairperson of de Open Society Initiative for West Africa (OSIWA) den a visiting Professor of Governance at de [[Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration|Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA)]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=80SvCmSTxGoC&amp;dq=She+went+to+work+for+Equator+Bank,+a+subsidiary+of+HSBC.+ellen+johnson&amp;pg=PA45 African Leaders]. Bankole Kamara Taylor.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein political career ==

=== 1985 general election ===
While e dey work for Citibank, Sirleaf return to Liberia for 1985 insyd to run give Vice Presido under Jackson Doe for de ticket of de Liberian Action Party top for de 1985 elections insyd. Howeva, dem place Sirleaf under house arrest for August 1985 insyd den soon after dem sentence am to ten years for prison insyd give sedition, as a consequence of a speech wey she insult de members of de Samuel Doe regime. Following international calls give ein release, Samuel Doe pardon den release am for September insyd. Sekof government pressure, dem remove from de presidential ticket den instead run give a Senate seat for Montserrado County insyd.

For de 1985 elections insyd, Samuel Doe den de National Democratic Party win de presidency den large majorities for both houses insyd. Dem widely condemn de elections as neither free nor fair. Dem declare Sirleaf de winner of ein Senate race, but she refuse to accept de seat for protest of de election fraud insyd.

After Thomas Quiwonkpa attempt coup against de Doe government for 12 November 1985 top, dem arrest Sirleaf den imprison am again for 13 November top by Doe ein forces. Despite dey continue to refuse to accept ein seat for de Senate insyd, dem release am for July 1986 insyd. She secretly flee de country to de United States later dat year.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Kasuka, Bridgette (2013). [https://books.google.com/books?id=k2nxqV2R7_8C&amp;q=sirleaf+exile+in+abidjan&amp;pg=PA221 Prominent African Leaders Since Independence]. New Africa Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9789987160266|9789987160266]].&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 1997 presidential campaign ===
[[File:Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf 2005.jpg|thumb|Sirleaf wey dey campaign for Monrovia insyd for 2005 insyd, shortly before dem elect am]]
At de beginning of de First Liberian Civil War for 1989 insyd, Sirleaf support Charles Taylor ein rebellion against Doe. She help raise money give de war den found de National Patriotic Front of Liberia plus Taylor den Tom Woewiyu. Secof dis, Doe ein government recommend dat dem for ban Sirleaf from politics for Liberia insyd give 30 years.

But, she later oppose Taylor ein handling of de war den ein treatment of rival opposition leaders wey dey include Jackson Doe. By 1996, de presence of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) peacekeepers lead to a cessation of hostilities. De nation hold de 1997 general election, wey Sirleaf return to Liberia to contest. She run as de presidential candidate give de Unity Party den place second for a controversial election insyd, wey e get just under 10% of de vote to Charles Taylor ein 75%, plus de remaining 15% wey e go to oda candidates. After controversy about de results den dem accuse am of treason, Sirleaf lef Liberia den go into exile for Abidjan, Ivory Coast insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

=== 2005 presidential campaign ===
After de end of de Second Liberian Civil War den de establishment of a transitional government, dem propose Sirleaf as a possible candidate give chairman of de government. Ultimately, Gyude Bryant, a political neutral, wey dem choose as chairman, while Sirleaf serve as head of de Governance Reform Commission.

Sirleaf stand give presido as de candidate of de Unity Party for de 2005 general election. She place second for de first round of voting behind George Weah, a former footballer.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ellen-Johnson-Sirleaf &quot;Ellen Johnson Sirleaf | Biography, Nobel Peace Prize, &amp; Facts&quot;]. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 13 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; For a subsequent run-off election insyd, Sirleaf earn 59% of de vote versus 40% give Weah, though Weah dispute de results.

Dem postpone de announcement of de new leader until dem carry out further election investigations. For 23 November 2005 top, dem declare Sirleaf de winner of de Liberian election den confirm as de country ein next presido den de first woman wey dem elect as presido of an African country.&lt;ref&gt;Fickling, David (23 November 2005). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/nov/23/davidfickling?INTCMP=ILCNETTXT3487 &quot;Johnson-Sirleaf declared Liberian president&quot;]. The Guardian. London. Retrieved 22 November 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein inauguration take place for 16 January 2006 top. Many foreign dignitaries attend am, wey dey include United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice den First Lady Laura Bush.

=== 2011 presidential campaign ===
[[File:Tawakkul Karman Leymah Gbowee Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Nobel Peace Prize 2011 Harry Wad.jpg|thumb|From left to right: Tawakkul Karman, Leymah Gbowee, den Ellen Johnson Sirleaf display demma awards during de presentation of de Nobel Peace Prize, 10 December 2011.]]
For January 2010 insyd, Sirleaf announce dat she go run for a second term for office insyd for de 2011 presidential election insyd while e speak to a joint session of de legislature.&lt;ref&gt;[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8480344.stm &quot;Liberia President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf to stand again&quot;][[:en:BBC_News|. BBC News]]. 26 January 2010. Retrieved 10 October 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Opposition leaders note dat in doing so, she break a promise wey e make during ein 2005 campaign to only serve one term if dem elect am.&lt;ref&gt;Keating, Joshua E. (19 August 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20121024072818/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/08/19/the_men_who_would_be_queen &quot;The Men Who Would Be Queen&quot;]. [[:en:Foreign_Policy|Foreign Policy]]. Archived from [https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/08/19/the_men_who_would_be_queen the original] on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 10 October 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Dem renominate Sirleaf as de Unity Party ein presidential candidate at de party ein national convention for 31 October 2010 top.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Kamara, Varney (1 November 2010). [http://allafrica.com/stories/201011010544.html &quot;Sirleaf, Boakai Get Sec-Term Mandate&quot;]. [[:en:AllAfrica.com|allAfrica.com]]. Retrieved 10 October 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Dat same day, Sirleaf nominate Vice Presido Joseph Boakai den confirm by de delegates as Sirleaf ein running mate.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

De awarding of de Nobel Peace Prize to Sirleaf four days prior to de election spark criticism from opposition parties, plus Congress for Democratic Change candidate Winston Tubman dey bell de award &quot;undeserved&quot; den &quot;a political interference in our country's politics.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Ford, Tamasin (9 October 2011). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/oct/09/ellen-johnson-siraf-nobel-liberia?newsfeed=true &quot;Ellen Johnson Sirleaf faces a tough presidential election in Liberia&quot;]. The Guardian. London. Retrieved 10 October 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Sirleaf bell de timing of de award a coincidence den avoid dey mention de award during de final days of campaigning.&lt;ref&gt;Nossiter, Adam (9 October 2011). [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/10/world/africa/on-the-campaign-trail-liberias-sirleaf-plays-down-nobel-win.html?_r=1&amp;scp=1&amp;sq=liberia%20sirleaf%20election&amp;st=cse &quot;Nobel Winner Doesn't Want to Talk About It on the Campaign Trail&quot;]. [[:en:The_New_York_Times|The New York Times]]. Retrieved 10 October 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sirleaf garner 43.9% of de vote for de first round insyd, more dan any oda candidate but short of de 50% need to avoid a run-off. Tubman cam for second insyd plus 32.7%, wey e pit am against Sirleaf for de second round insyd.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-15609008 &quot;Sirleaf urges Liberians to vote despite Tubman boycott&quot;]. BBC News. 5 November 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Tubman bell give a boycott of de run-off, wey e claim dat de results of de first round be fraudulent.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-15602130 &quot;Liberia election: Tubman to boycott run-off&quot;]. BBC News. 4 November 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Sirleaf deny de allegations, den international observers report dat de first round election be free, fair den transparent.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111122204928/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/africa/111108/polls-open-liberia-runoff &quot;Polls open for Liberian run-off vote&quot;]. Global Post. 8 November 2011. Archived from [http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/africa/111108/polls-open-liberia-runoff the original] on 22 November 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; As a result of de boycott, Sirleaf win de second round plus 90.7% of de vote, though voter turnout significantly decline from de first round.&lt;ref&gt;[https://news.yahoo.com/liberias-sirleaf-appoints-nun-probe-poll-violence-135104473.html &quot;Liberia's Sirleaf appoints nun to probe poll violence&quot;]. Yahoo! News. Agence France-Presse. 15 November 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Following de election, Sirleaf announce de creation of a &quot;national peace and reconciliation initiative,&quot; wey Nobel Peace Prize laureate Leymah Gbowee lead am, to address de country ein divisions den begin &quot;a national dialogue dat go bring us togeda.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Johnson Sirleaf, Ellen (11 November 2011). [http://frontpageafricaonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=1785:allow-legal-process-to-run-course-sirleaf-on-closure-of-media-institutions&amp;catid=42:politics&amp;Itemid=109 &quot;Allow Legal Process to Run Course: Sirleaf on Closure of Media Institutions&quot;]. Executive Mansion. FrontPageAfrica. Retrieved 11 November 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; She take de presidential oath give ein second presidency for 16 January 2012 top.&lt;ref&gt;Mawolo, Adolphus (16 January 2012). [https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jEVWZm2z3vK4M6Buk3SAejnFr6og?docId=CNG.f4017fd8fc0fc29b1e449bac606e4e13.201 &quot;Liberia's Sirleaf takes presidential oath&quot;]. AFP / Google. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 16 January 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2017 presidential campaign ===
Sirleaf cross party lines to support George Weah for de 2017 presidential campaign insyd.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-42681795 &quot;Ellen Johnson Sirleaf: Liberia's president expelled from her party&quot;]. BBC News. 14 January 2018. Retrieved 14 January 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; For de late evening hours of 13 January 2018, dem expel am along plus sam officials of de Unity Party&lt;ref&gt;Reporter, FPA. &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180114040115/http://www.frontpageafricaonline.com/index.php/politics/6616-liberia-s-outgoing-ruling-party-expels-president-sirleaf FPA - Liberia's Outgoing Ruling Party Expels President Sirleaf&quot;]. www.frontpageafricaonline.com. Archived from [http://www.frontpageafricaonline.com/index.php/politics/6616-liberia-s-outgoing-ruling-party-expels-president-sirleaf the original] on 14 January 2018. Retrieved 14 January 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; by de National Executive Committee of de party, give dey fail to support Unity Party presidential candidate, den Sirleaf Vice Presido, Joseph Boakai.

== Ein presidency ==

=== Domestics policy ===
[[File:Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf3.jpg|thumb|Sirleaf at ein inauguration for Monrovia insyd]]
A fire break out at de Executive Mansion for 26 July 2006, wey e seriously damage de structure. Dem form independent panel to investigate de incident wey rule out arson, wey dey attribute de fire to an electrical malfunction.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2006-09-04-voa23/328141.html &quot;In Liberia, Report on Executive Mansion Fire Rules Out Arson&quot;]. [[:en:Voice_of_America|Voice of America]]. 4 September 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; Sirleaf ein government bell funding give de repair of de mansion a low priority for de face of more pressing needs, plus Sirleaf wey e transfer ein office to de nearby Foreign Ministry building den dey choose to live at ein personal home for Monrovia insyd.&lt;ref&gt;Daygbor, Nathaniel (20 September 2010). [http://www.thenewdawnliberia.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=1552:mansions-renovation-not-priority&amp;catid=25:politics&amp;Itemid=59 &quot;Mansion's Renovation Not Priority&quot;]. The New Dawn.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gordon, Glenna (19 August 2009). [http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/africa/090818/liberias-squatters-monrovia &quot;Inside Liberia's Other Executive Mansion&quot;]. [[:en:GlobalPost|GlobalPost]].&lt;/ref&gt;

For 26 July 2007 top, Sirleaf celebrate Liberia ein 160th Independence Day under de theme &quot;Liberia at 160: Reclaiming the future.&quot; She take an unprecedented den symbolic move wey e ask 25-year-old Liberian activist Kimmie Weeks to serve as National Orator give de celebrations, wey Weeks bell give de government to prioritize education den health care. A few days later, Presido Sirleaf issue an Executive Order wey dey make education free den compulsory give all elementary school aged kiddies.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=80SvCmSTxGoC&amp;q=On+26+July+2007%2C+Sirleaf+celebrated+Liberia%27s+160th+independence+anniversary&amp;pg=PA49 African Leaders]. Bankole Kamara Taylor.&lt;/ref&gt;

For 4 October 2010 top, Sirleaf sign into law a Freedom of Information bill, de first legislation of ein kind for West Africa insyd.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.freedominfo.org/2010/10/liberian-president-sirleaf-signs-foi-law-regional-first/ &quot;Liberian President Sirleaf Signs FOI Law; Regional First&quot;], freedominfo.org, 5 October 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://allafrica.com/stories/201010070050.html &quot;Liberia: President Signs Freedom of Information Law&quot;]. [[:en:AllAfrica.com|allAfrica.com]]. 6 October 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; In recognition of dis, she becam de first sitting head of state wey receive de Friend of de Media for Africa Award from De African Editor ein Union insyd.&lt;ref&gt;[http://allafrica.com/stories/201010200893.html &quot;Sirleaf Sets Continental Record&quot;]. allAfrica.com. 20 October 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1 April 2011 top, Sirleaf tell reporters dat she plan to charge an opposition candidate plus sedition give dey organize a rally wey dey protest corruption for de government insyd. Ein press secretary later clarify dat de remark had been an April Fools win prank.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.newdemocratnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=592:the-presidents-april-fool&amp;catid=47:national&amp;Itemid=70 &quot;The President's 'April Fool'&quot;]. New Democrat. 5 April 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Debt relief ===
From de beginning of ein presidency, Sirleaf vow to make reduction of de national debt, wey stand at approximately US$4.9 billion for 2006 insyd, a top priority give ein administration. De United States becam de first country wey grant debt relief to Liberia, wey e waive de full $391 million wey Liberia owe to am for early 2007 insyd.&lt;ref&gt;[http://allafrica.com/stories/200702160283.html &quot;Liberia: Pres. Johnson-Sirleaf Returns Triumphantly&quot;]. Africa News. 16 February 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; For September of dat year insyd, de G-8 wey German Chancellor Angela Merkel head am provide $324.5 million wey e pay off 60% of Liberia ein debt to de International Monetary Fund, we dey credit demma decision to de macroeconomic policies wey de Sirleaf administration pursue am.&lt;ref&gt;[http://allafrica.com/stories/200709250326.html &quot;Liberia: G-8 Rallies for Country's Debts&quot;]. Africa News. 24 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;

For April 2009 insyd, de government successfully write off an additional $1.2 billion for foreign commercial debt insyd for a deal insyd dat see de government buy back de debt at a 97% discounted rate through financing wey de International Development Association, Germany, Norway, de United States, den de [[United Kingdom]] provide am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110722152057/http://www.emansion.gov.lr/press.php?news_id=1143 &quot;Liberia Slashes USD$1.2 Billion Commercial Debt&quot;] (Press release). Monrovia: The Executive Mansion. 16 April 2009. Archived from [http://www.emansion.gov.lr/press.php?news_id=1143 the original] on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; De discounted rate be de largest ever give a developing country.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Dem deem de country eligible to participate for de Heavily Indebted Poor Countries initiative insyd for 2008 insyd.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120118214801/http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE61F0G020100216 &quot;Liberia on track for HIPC debt relief this year: IMF&quot;]. Reuters Africa. 16 February 2010. Archived from [https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE61F0G020100216 the original] on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; For June 2010 insyd, de country reach de completion point of de HIPC initiative, wey e qualify am give relief from ein entire external debt.&lt;ref&gt;Kennedy, George (2 June 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20100605033609/http://www.liberianobserver.com/node/6692 &quot;Liberia Reaches HIPC Completion Point&quot;]. The Liberian Observer. Archived from [http://www.liberianobserver.com/node/6692 the original] on 5 June 2010. Retrieved 10 October 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; Dat same month, de World Bank den IMF agree to fund $1.5 billion in writing off de Liberia ein multilateral debt.&lt;ref&gt;[http://allafrica.com/stories/201006291216.html &quot;Liberia: IMF and World Bank Announce U.S.$4.6 Billion Debt Relief&quot;]. AllAfrica.com. 29 June 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; For 16 September insyd, de Paris Club agree to cancel $1.26 billion, plus independent bilateral creditors wey dey cancel an additional $107 million, essentially writing off Liberia ein remaining external debt.&lt;ref&gt;[http://allafrica.com/stories/201009170015.html &quot;Liberia: Paris Club Clears More Than U.S.$1 Billion Debt Liberia Owes Its Creditors&quot;]. AllAfrica.com. 16 September 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; Sirleaf vow to prevent unsustainable borrowing for de future insyd by restricting annual borrowing to 3% of GDP den limiting expenditure of all borrowed funds to one-off infrastructure projects.&lt;ref&gt;Toweh, Alphonso (19 July 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120120182915/http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE66I0CW20100719 &quot;Liberia ready to borrow again: finance minister&quot;]. Reuters Africa. Archived from [https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE66I0CW20100719 the original] on 20 January 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Truth den Reconciliation Commission ===
[[File:Ellen Johnson Sirleaf gc2008.jpg|thumb|Presido Sirleaf dey address de 2008 General Conference of de United Methodist Church for Fort Worth, Texas insyd]]
For 2006 insyd, de Truth den Reconciliation Commission begin work plus a mandate to &quot;promote national peace, security, unity den reconciliation&quot; by investigating more dan 20 years of civil conflict for de country insyd. Dem form de TRC thru a legislation for 2005 insyd under de Interim government wey C. Gyude Bryant head am.

For demma final report insyd, wey dem issue for June 2009 insyd, de TRC include Sirleaf for a list of 50 names of people insyd dat for be &quot;specifically barred from holding public offices; elected or appointed for a period of thirty (30) years&quot; give &quot;being associated with former warring factions.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5joAaW2DuzNDfyi8t7h4X594XcHCg &quot;Sirleaf should be banned from office: Liberia truth commission&quot;]. [[:en:Agence_France-Presse|Agence France-Presse]]. 6 July 2009. Retrieved 9 October 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; De ban dem propose stem from ein financial support of former Presido Taylor for de early years of de First Liberian Civil War insyd.

For 26 July 2009, Sirleaf apologize to Liberia give dey support Charles Taylor, wey e say: &quot;When the true nature of Mr. Taylor's intentions became known, there was no more impassioned critic or strong opponent to him in a democratic process&quot; dan she.&lt;ref&gt;Gettleman, Jeffrey (13 August 2009). [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/14/world/africa/14diplo.html &quot;Clinton Supports President of Liberia&quot;]. The New York Times.&lt;/ref&gt; For 28 August top, de legislature announce dem for &quot;consult our constituents for about a year&quot; before dem decide whether dem go implement de Commission ein recommendations anaa dem no go do.&lt;ref&gt;Konneh, Ansu (28 August 2010). [https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601116&amp;sid=aIqClsvAY9T0 &quot;Liberian Parliament Delay Action on Truth Commission Findings&quot;]. [[:en:Bloomberg_News|Bloomberg News]].&lt;/ref&gt; 

During an appearance at de Council for Foreign Relations top for 2010 insyd, Sirleaf argue dat de implementation of de TRC ein recommended ban go fi unconstitutionally violate ein right to due process.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20101019055745/http://www.cfr.org/publication/22222/conversation_with_ellen_johnson_sirleaf_president_republic_of_liberia.html &quot;A Conversation with Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, President, Republic of Liberia&quot;]. [[:en:Council_on_Foreign_Relations|Council on Foreign Relations]]. 25 May 2010. Archived from [http://www.cfr.org/publication/22222/conversation_with_ellen_johnson_sirleaf_president_republic_of_liberia.html the original] on 19 October 2010. Retrieved 30 October 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; For October 2010 insyd, de chairman of Sirleaf ein Unity Party, Varney Sherman, argue dat implementation of de recommendation go fi be unconstitutional, as Article 21(a) of de Constitution dey prohibit ex post facto laws, den Sirleaf break no law by dey financially support Taylor dat impose a ban from public office as a penalty.&lt;ref&gt;Sieh, Rodney (7 October 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20111005230422/http://www.frontpageafrica.com/newsmanager/anmviewer.asp?a=11600&amp;z=2 &quot;Interview: Varney Sherman on New UP Pickups Saga; Re-Electing Ellen&quot;]. FrontPageAfrica. Archived from [http://www.frontpageafrica.com/newsmanager/anmviewer.asp?a=11600&amp;z=2 the original] on 5 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;  

For January 2011, de Supreme Court rule for Williams v. Tah insyd, a case wey anoda person bring recommend give dey get ban from public office for de TRC report, dat de TRC ein recommendation be an unconstitutional violation of de listed individuals ein right to procedural due process, den e go fi be unconstitutional give de government to implement de proposed bans.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110721161151/http://www.netnewspublisher.com/liberian-supreme-court-squashes-truth-and-reconciliation-commission-ban-on-politicians/ &quot;Liberian Supreme Court Squashes Truth And Reconciliation Commission Ban on Politicians&quot;]. NetNewsPublisher. 24 January 2011. Archived from [http://www.netnewspublisher.com/liberian-supreme-court-squashes-truth-and-reconciliation-commission-ban-on-politicians/ the original] on 21 July 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gay rights ===
Following a speech wey United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton make am for December 2011 insyd dat America ein foreign aid go fi use to promote de protection of gay rights,&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;Ford, Tamasin; Allen, Bonnie (19 March 2012). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/19/nobel-peace-prize-law-homosexuality &quot;Nobel peace prize winner defends law criminalising homosexuality in Liberia&quot;]. The Guardian. London. Retrieved 9 October 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; de issue of LGBT rights becam a significant political topic for Liberia insyd. According to The Guardian, &quot;Since Clinton's remarks, Liberian newspapers publish numerous articles den editorials wey dey describe homosexuality as 'desecrating', 'abusive' den an 'abomination'.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Liberian law make &quot;voluntary sodomy&quot; punishable by up to one year for prison insyd, although dem no use am to prosecute anyone for several years insyd.&lt;ref&gt;[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/af/154354.htm &quot;2010 Human Rights Report: Liberia&quot;]. United States Department of State. 8 April 2011. Retrieved 9 October 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

For February 2012 insyd, Bong County Senator Jewel Taylor propose a bill dat go fi carry a term of ten years for prison insyd give homosexual activity, while for de House of Representatives insyd, dem introduce a similar bill.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; For 19 March top, Sirleaf address de issue, wey e say dat she no go fi repeal de current law but no go fi sanso sign into law either of de two proposed bills. Sirleaf add, &quot;We like ourselves just the way we are [...] We've got certain traditional values in our society that we would like to preserve.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; According to Tiawan Gongloe, Liberia ein former Solicitor General, &quot;If she tried to decriminalise the [current anti-gay] law it would be political suicide.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

For a letter to The Guardian insyd, Sirleaf ein press secretary challenge de portrayal of ein remarks for de media wey dey say dat: &quot;There currently exists no law referencing homosexuality in Liberia, and as such the President could not be defending a law on homosexuality. The President is on record as saying [...] that any law brought before her regarding homosexuality will be vetoed. This statement also applies to an initial attempt by two members of the Liberian legislature to introduce tougher laws targeting homosexuality.&quot; De letter add &quot;the status quo in Liberia has been one of tolerance and no one has ever been prosecuted under that [current] law,&quot; den go on to hint at future possible liberalization wey dey state dat &quot;the President thinks that with the unprecedented freedom of speech and expression Liberia enjoys today, our budding democracy will be strong enough to accommodate new ideas and debate both their value and Liberia's laws with openness, respect and independence.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/23/liberian-sex-laws-sirleaf &quot;Letters: Liberia sex laws&quot;]. The Guardian. London. 22 March 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; The Guardian publish a correction to ein story: &quot;'Nobel peace prize winner defends law criminalising homosexuality in Liberia' was updated to restore material cut in the editing process. The restored material clarifies the stance that President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf is taking on laws concerning homosexuality in Liberia. That is: she refuses to dismantle the existing anti-sodomy law, while also saying she will refuse to sign two new bills that would toughen laws on homosexuality.&quot; De comments, letter, den clarification suggest dat she consider de status quo give gay rights for Liberia insyd to be one of de facto tolerance until de recent controversy, den no support decriminalization of homosexuality, but sanso refuse to support further criminalisation of homosexual acts wey dem attempt for Liberia insyd. She reaffirm dis view during an interview plus Tony Blair.&lt;ref&gt;Tamasin Ford &amp; Bonnie Allen (19 March 2012). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2012/mar/19/liberia-tony-blair-anti-gay-law-video &quot;Liberia's president and Tony Blair discuss anti-gay law – video&quot;]. The Guardian. London. Retrieved 9 October 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Foreign policy ===
[[File:Secretary Clinton Meets With Liberian President Sirleaf (8385853099).jpg|thumb|Sirleaf plus U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Washington, D.C., 2013]]
Upon ein election to office, Sirleaf make ein first foreign trip as Presido to neighboring Ivory Coast, wey e meet plus Ivorian Presido Laurent Gbagbo for an attempt insyd to repair relations between de two countries following Côte d'Ivoire ein support of de Movement give Democracy for Liberia insyd during de Second Liberian Civil War.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130512211152/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-115724878.html &quot;Liberia's president-elect Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf in Ivory Coast on first foreign trip&quot;]. [[:en:Associated_Press|AP]] Worldstream. 29 November 2005. Archived from [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-115724878.html the original] on 12 May 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; During de 2010–2011 Ivorian crisis, Sirleaf, as chairperson of de Mano River Union, support ECOWAS ein recognition of Gbagbo ein opponent, Alassane Ouattara, as de winner of de disputed presidential election, but reject bell give a military solution to de crisis.&lt;ref&gt;Sengbeh, D Kaihenneh (24 January 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110902205504/http://www.1847post.com/article/mru-opposes-force-ecowas-c%C3%B4te-ivoire &quot;MRU Opposes Force by Ecowas in Côte Ivoire&quot;]. The 1847 Post. Archived from [http://www.1847post.com/article/mru-opposes-force-ecowas-c%C3%B4te-ivoire the original] on 2 September 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sirleaf sanso forge close relations plus de United States, Liberia ein traditional ally. Following de establishment of United States Africa Command (AFRICOM) by de United States military, Sirleaf offer to allow de U.S. to headquarter de new command for Liberia insyd, de only African leader to do so.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110726030132/http://www.emergingminds.org/Liberian-President-disappointed-over-U.S.-decision-on-AFRICOM.html &quot;Liberian President disappointed over U.S. decision on AFRICOM&quot;]. Emerging Minds. 24 February 2008. Archived from [http://www.emergingminds.org/Liberian-President-disappointed-over-U.S.-decision-on-AFRICOM.html the original] on 26 July 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Dem eventually headquarter de command for Stuttgart, Germany insyd. For 15 March 2006 insyd, Presido Sirleaf address a joint meeting of de United States Congress, wey e ask give American support to help ein country &quot;become a brilliant beacon, an example to Africa and the world of what love of liberty can achieve.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[http://allafrica.com/stories/200603150786.html &quot;Liberia: President Sirleaf Thanks U.S. Congress, Asks for Continuing Support&quot;]. allAfrica.com. 15 March 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sirleaf sanso strengthen relations plus de People's Republic of China, wey e reaffirm Liberia ein commitment to de One-China policy.&lt;ref&gt;Campbell, Janjay (1 October 2007). [http://allafrica.com/stories/200710010699.html &quot;Liberia: Ellen Renews &quot;One China&quot; Commitment&quot;]. allAfrica.com.&lt;/ref&gt; For return insyd, China contribute to Liberia ein reconstruction, wey e build several transmitters to extend de Liberia Broadcasting System nationwide den dey construct a new campus give de Varsity of Liberia&lt;ref&gt;[http://lr.china-embassy.org/eng/sghdhzxxx/t522906.htm &quot;Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Attends the Hand-over Ceremony of China-aided LBS Rehabilitation and Expansion Project and the Launching of CRI FM Programs in Liberia&quot;]. Embassy of the People's Republic of China to the Republic of Liberia. 19 November 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://lr.china-embassy.org/eng/dszc/spta/t718568.htm &quot;Remarks at the Handover Ceremony of the China-aided Fendall Campus of the University of Liberia&quot;]. Embassy of the People's Republic of China to the Republic of Liberia. 20 July 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sirleaf be a member of de Council of Women World Leaders, an international network of current den former women presidos den prime ministers wey dem mission be say to mobilize de highest-level women leaders globally give collective action for issues of critical importance to women den equitable development top.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20171228094355/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Council_of_Women_World_Leaders_Biographies.pdf &quot;Council of Women World Leaders Biographies&quot;] (PDF). wilsoncenter.org. Archived from [https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Council_of_Women_World_Leaders_Biographies.pdf the original] (PDF) on 28 December 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

During de 2011 Libyan civil war, Sirleaf add ein voice to de international community wey ask de previous Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi to cease de use of violence den tactics of political repression.&lt;ref&gt;Brooks, Joel Cholo (28 October 2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171113222051/http://gnnliberia.com/2016/10/28/gnn-personality-week-ellen-johnson-sirleaf-turns-78-years-tomorrow-saturday/ &quot;GNN Personality of the Week: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf As She Turns 78 Years Tomorrow Saturday&quot;]. GNN Liberia. Archived from [http://gnnliberia.com/2016/10/28/gnn-personality-week-ellen-johnson-sirleaf-turns-78-years-tomorrow-saturday/ the original] on 13 November 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; Howeva, she criticize de international military intervention for Libya insyd, wey dey declare dat &quot;violence does not help the process whichever way it comes&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.afriqueavenir.org/en/2011/03/29/president-sirleaf-against-air-strikes-in-libya/ &quot;President Sirleaf against air strikes in Libya&quot;]. Afrique Avenir. 29 March 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein government later sever diplomatic ties plus Libya, wey e state dat &quot;The Government took the decision after a careful review of the situation in Libya and determined that the Government of Colonel Gaddafi has lost the legitimacy to govern Libya.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110615113854/http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE75D0KR20110614 &quot;Liberia cuts ties with Gaddafi's Libya&quot;]. [[:en:Reuters|Reuters]] Africa. 14 June 2011. Archived from [https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE75D0KR20110614 the original] on 15 June 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

For 27 February 2015 top, dem expect Presido Sirleaf to make a visit to U.S. Presido Barack Obama at de White House for Washington, D.C. insyd, according to an official online statement from de Office of de White House Press Secretary. Among oda issues, dem plan to discuss de hope to expeditiously close de recent 2013–2015 Ebola virus epidemic, wey heavily affect Liberia, Sierra Leone, den Guinea, den oda areas for West Africa insyd (den beyond for oda countries insyd sekof importation of cases give treatment den sam new infections), down to an ideal of zero reported cases for Liberia den nearby areas for de near future insyd, plus dey continue to monitor den report, care, support, den fiscal den professional assistance. Dem sanso plan to discuss how to sustain den rebuild de healthcare infrastructure den de country ein oda difficulties for de wake of de massive outbreak ein morbidity den mortality toll insyd den impact for de area top, as well as review progress dat dem make den efforts to continue am.&lt;ref&gt;[https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/02/20/statement-press-secretary-visit-liberian-president-ellen-johnson-sirleaf &quot;Statement by the Press Secretary on the Visit of Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf&quot;]. [[:en:Whitehouse.gov|whitehouse.gov]]. 20 February 2015 – via [[:en:NARA|National Archives]].&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Administration den Cabinet ===
Following ein victory for de 2005 election insyd, Sirleaf pledge to promote national reconciliation by dey bring in opposition leaders into ein administration.&lt;ref&gt;[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4395978.stm &quot;Profile: Liberia's 'Iron Lady'&quot;]. BBC News. 23 November 2005.&lt;/ref&gt; Opposition politicians wey join ein initial administration include Minister of Transport Jeremiah Sulunteh, Minister of Education Joseph Korto, den Ambassador to de United Nations Nathaniel Barnes. Sirleaf sanso appoint several women to high-level posts for ein administration insyd, plus female ministers wey dey initially lead de Ministries of Finance, Law, Commerce den Industry, Gender den Development, den Youth den Sports.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;[http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=58143 &quot;Sirleaf starts to form government, some appointments spark protest&quot;]. IRIN Africa. 14 February 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; Sirleaf say dat while she plan on appointing an all-female cabinet, she had been unable to find qualified female candidates give every position.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

Upon ein inauguration, Sirleaf promise dat she go fi impose a &quot;zero tolerance&quot; policy for corruption top for de government insyd.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=80552 &quot;West Africa: Mixed report card in 2008 corruption index&quot;]. IRIN. 28 September 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; Despite dis, critics argue dat corruption dey remain rampant for Sirleaf ein administration insyd; dem sack Information Minister Lawrence Bropleh for 2008 insyd ova allegations dat he steal more dan $200,000 for state funds insyd, while dem dismiss Internal Affairs Minister Ambullai Johnson, wey be Sirleaf ein brother, for 2010 insyd after de disappearance of funds give county development.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;Mahtani, Dino (28 May 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20131118034616/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/05/28/tarnishing_the_iron_lady_of_africa?page=full &quot;Tarnishing the Iron Lady of Africa&quot;]. Foreign Policy. Archived from [https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/05/28/tarnishing_the_iron_lady_of_africa?page=full the original] on 18 November 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Butty, James (10 December 2010). [https://www.voanews.com/a/butty-liberia-acquittal-react-tah-10december10-111654209/157023.html &quot;Liberian Minister Vows Jury Reform Following Bropleh Corruption Trial&quot;]. Voice of America.&lt;/ref&gt; Sirleaf einself acknowledge dat corruption for government insyd dey remain, wey e note dat ein zero tolerance policy be hamper by de need to pass major economic reforms thru de legislature, a goal dat dem go fi impede by significant anti-corruption legislation den prosecutions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Howeva, Sirleaf reject claims dat she fail to fight corruption, wey e point to de establishment of de Liberian Anti-Corruption Commission den de restructuring of de General Auditing Commission.&lt;ref&gt;Butty, James (27 June 2011). [https://www.voanews.com/a/butty-liberia-us-president-sirleaf-27june11-124579629/158369.html &quot;Liberian President Sirleaf: Country Making Progress, Challenges Remain&quot;]. Voice of America.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sirleaf dismiss ein entire cabinet from office for 3 November 2010 top, wey e promise to reassemble de cabinet in as short a time as possible.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/04/world/africa/04liberia.html?ref=liberia &quot;Liberian Leader Dissolves Cabinet&quot;]. The New York Times. 3 November 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; She argue dat e take de move to give ein administration a &quot;clean slate&quot; for preparation insyd give de final year of ein term, though critics argue dat dem aim de move to bolster ein chances at reelection wey e confront corruption for ein administration insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; By early December 2010, Sirleaf reconstitute ein entire cabinet, wey e replace seven of ein nineteen ministers.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120130011142/http://www.afriqueavenir.org/en/2010/12/06/liberian-president-sirleaf-fully-reconstitutes-cabinet/ &quot;Liberian president Sirleaf fully reconstitutes cabinet&quot;]. Afrique Avenir. 6 December 2010. Archived from [http://www.afriqueavenir.org/en/2010/12/06/liberian-president-sirleaf-fully-reconstitutes-cabinet/ the original] on 30 January 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.globalpartnership.org/blog/15-women-leading-way-girls-education &quot;15 women leading the way for girls' education&quot;]. www.globalpartnership.org. Retrieved 22 March 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dem accuse Sirleaf for 2014 insyd of interfering plus a criminal investigation wey dey involve ein stepson Fombah Sirleaf den de security agency.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20191111143254/http://gnnliberia.com/2014/11/08/liberia-committee-setup-to-investigate-president-sirleafs-son-on-seizure-of-korean-us247000-00-releases-report-with-recommendations-ordering-refund-of-the-money/ &quot;Committee Setup To Investigate President Sirleaf's Son on Seizure of Korean US$247,000.00 Releases Report With Recommendations; Ordering Refund of the Money&quot;]. GNN Liberia. 8 November 2014. Archived from [http://gnnliberia.com/2014/11/08/liberia-committee-setup-to-investigate-president-sirleafs-son-on-seizure-of-korean-us247000-00-releases-report-with-recommendations-ordering-refund-of-the-money/ the original] on 11 November 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/31/world/africa/liberias-ebola-crisis-puts-president-in-harsh-light.html &quot;Liberia's Ebola Crisis Puts President in Harsh Light&quot;]. The New York Times. 30 October 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein Minister of Justice Christiana Tah resign for October 2014 insyd, wey e accuse Presido Sirleaf of interference plus de criminal investigation into de illegal seizure of money from Korean businessmen by de NSA for a warrantless hotel raid insyd for July 2014 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;

==== First Cabinet ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |The First Sirleaf Cabinet
|-
|'''Office'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Name'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Term'''
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |
|-
|President
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Ellen Johnson Sirleaf'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2006–2012
|-
|Vice President
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Joseph Boakai'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2006–2012
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |
|-
|Minister of Foreign Affairs
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''George Wallace'''
'''Olubanke King Akerele'''

'''Toga McIntosh'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2006–2007
2007–2010
2010–2012
|-
|Minister of Finance
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Antoinette Sayeh'''
'''Augustine Kpehe Ngafuan'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2006–2008
2008–2012
|-
|Minister of Justice and
Attorney General
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Frances Johnson-Morris'''
'''Philip A. Z. Banks'''

'''Christiana Tah'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2006–2007
2007–2009
2009–2012
|-
|Minister of National Defense
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Brownie Samukai'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2006–2012
|-
|Minister of Internal Affairs
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Ambullai Johnson'''
'''Harrison Kahnweah'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2006–2010
2010–2012
|-
|Minister of Education
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Joseph Korto'''
'''E. Othello Gongar'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2006–2010
2010–2012
|-
|Minister of Posts and
Telecommunications
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Jackson E. Doe'''
'''Jeremiah Sulunteh'''

'''Frederick B. Norkeh'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2006–2008
2008–2010
2010–2012
|-
|Minister of Public Works
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Willis Knuckles'''
'''Luseni Donzo'''

'''Samuel Kofi Woods'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2006
2007–2009
2009–2012
|-
|Minister of Agriculture
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Christopher Toe'''
'''Florence Chenoweth'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2006–2009
2009–2012
|-
|Minister of Health and
Social Welfare
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Walter Gwenigale'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2006–2012
|-
|Minister of Information,
Culture and Tourism
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Johnny McClain'''
'''Lawrence Bropleh'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2006
2006–2009
|-
|Minister of Planning and
Economic Affairs
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Toga McIntosh'''
'''Amara Mohamed Konneh'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2006–2008
2008–2012
|-
|Minister of Lands, Mines
and Energy
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Eugene Shannon'''
'''Roosevelt Jayjay'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2006–2010
2010–2012
|-
|Minister of Commerce
and Industry
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Olubanke King Akerele'''
'''Frances Johnson-Morris'''

'''Miatta Beysolow'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2006–2007
2007–2008
2008–2012
|-
|Minister of Gender, Children
and Social Protection
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Vabah Gayflor'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2006–2012
|-
|Minister of Labor
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Samuel Kofi Woods'''
'''Tiawon Gongloe'''

'''Vabah Gayflor'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2006–2009
2009–2010
2010–2012
|-
|Minister of Youth
and Sports
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Jamesetta Howard Wolokollie'''
'''Etmonia Tarpeh'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2006–2007
2007–2012
|-
|Minister of Transport
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Jeremiah Sulunteh'''
'''Jackson E. Doe'''

'''Alphonso Gaye'''

'''Willard Russell'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2006–2008
2008–2009
2009–2010
2010–2012
|-
|Minister of State for
Presidential Affairs
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Morris Dukuly'''
'''Willis Knuckles'''

'''Edward B. McClain Jr.'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2006
2006–2007
2007–2012
|}

==== Second Cabinet ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |The Second Sirleaf Cabinet
|-
|'''Office'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Name'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Term'''
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |
|-
|President
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Ellen Johnson Sirleaf'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2012–2018
|-
|Vice President
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Joseph Boakai'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2012–2018
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |
|-
|Minister of Foreign Affairs
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Augustine Kpehe Ngafuan'''
'''Marjon Kamara'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2012–2015
2015–2018
|-
|Minister of Finance
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Amara Mohamed Konneh'''
'''Boima Kamara'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2012–2016
2016–2018
|-
|Minister of Justice and
Attorney General
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Christiana Tah'''
'''Benedict F. Sannoh'''

'''Frederick Cherue'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2012–2014
2014–2016
2016–2018
|-
|Minister of National Defense
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Brownie Samukai'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2012–2018
|-
|Minister of Internal Affairs
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Blamo Nelson'''
'''Morris Dukuly'''

'''Henrique Tokpa'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2012–2013
2013–2015
2015–2018
|-
|Minister of Education
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Etmonia David Tarpeh'''
'''George Werner'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2012–2015
2015–2018
|-
|Minister of Posts and
Telecommunications
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Frederick B. Norkeh'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2012–2018
|-
|Minister of Public Works
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Samuel Kofi Woods'''
'''Antoinette Weeks'''

'''Gyude Moore'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2012–2013
2013–2014
2014–2018
|-
|Minister of Agriculture
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Florence Chenoweth'''
'''Moses Zinnah'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2012–2014
2014–2018
|-
|Minister of Health and
Social Welfare
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Walter Gwenigale'''
'''Bernice Dahn'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2012–2015
2015–2018
|-
|Minister of Information,
Culture and Tourism
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Lewis Brown'''
'''Lenn Eugene Nagbe'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2012–2016
2016–2018
|-
|Minister of Lands, Mines
and Energy
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Patrick Sendolo'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2002–2018
|-
|Minister of Commerce
and Industry
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Miatta Beysolow'''
'''Axel Addy'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2012–2013
2013–2018
|-
|Minister of Gender, Children
and Social Protection
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Julia Duncan-Cassell'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2012–2018
|-
|Minister of Labor
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Juah Lawson'''
'''Neto Z. Lighe'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2012–2014
2014–2018
|-
|Minister of Youth
and Sports
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Tornorlah Vapilah'''
'''Lenn Eugene Nagbe'''

'''Saah N'tow'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2012–2013
2013–2016
2016–2018
|-
|Minister of Transport
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Lenn Eugene Nagbe'''
'''Angela Cassell Bush'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2012–2013
2013–2018
|-
|Minister of State for
Presidential Affairs
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''Edward B. McClain Jr.'''
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2012–2016
|}

==== Judicial appointments ====
Upon de inauguration of Sirleaf, de entire Supreme Court bench, wey dem select as part of de transitional government for 2003 insyd, step down, wey e leave Sirleaf to fill all five seats for de Court top. Sirleaf nominate Johnnie Lewis, a Yale Law School graduate den former Circuit Court judge, give de office of Chief Justice.&lt;ref&gt;[http://allafrica.com/stories/200602130684.html &quot;Johnny Lewis Named Chief Justice Frances Johnson Morris is Justice Minister&quot;]. allAfrica.com. 13 February 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; Lewis den three of Sirleaf ein Associate Justice nominees, J. Emmanuel Wureh, Francis Korkpor den Gladys Johnson, de Senate confirm dem for 2 March 2006 top.&lt;ref&gt;[http://allafrica.com/stories/200603030541.html &quot;Pres. Sirleaf Commissions Chief Justice, Associate&quot;]. allAfrica.com. 3 March 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Sirleaf ein nomination of Kabineh Ja'neh, a former leader for de rebel LURD movement, as Associate Justice receive criticism from de opposition Congress give Democratic Change sekof concerns ova Ja'neh ein human rights record during de civil war, den dem no confirm Ja'neh until 9 May.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://allafrica.com/stories/200605100244.html &quot;Senate Finally Confirms Ja'neh to Supreme Court&quot;]. allAfrica.com. 10 May 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;

Following de death of Justice Wureh for July 2006 insyd, Sirleaf nominate Christiana Tah, a deputy minister at de Justice Ministry, to fill ein seat.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;[http://frontpageafricaonline.blogspot.com/2011/04/void-on-bench.html &quot;Void on the Bench&quot;]. FrontPageAfrica. 3 April 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Howeva, de Senate later reject Tah ein nomination, wey e lead Sirleaf to nominate ein Minister of Youth den Sports, Jamesetta Howard Wolokollie, wey dem confirm.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; Justice Johnson retire from de Court on 26 March 2011 after e reach de constitutionally mandated retirement age of seventy.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; Sirleaf nominate Phillip A. Z. Banks, ein former Minister of Justice den Chairman of de Law Reform Commission, to replace Johnson for August 2011 insyd.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120125094346/http://emansion.gov.lr/press.php?news_id=1961 &quot;Cllr. Philip Banks Nominated as Associate Justice of Supreme Court&quot;]. The Executive Mansion. 9 August 2011. Archived from [http://emansion.gov.lr/press.php?news_id=1961 the original] on 25 January 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; De Senate confirm Banks for 20 August 2011 top.&lt;ref&gt;Nyenur, Tom B. (21 August 2011). [http://frontpageafricaonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=1062:amid-controversy-senate-confirms-banks-as-associate-justice&amp;catid=42:politics&amp;Itemid=134 &quot;Amid Controversy – Senate Confirms Banks As Associate Justice&quot;]. FrontPageAfrica. Retrieved 21 August 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== International image ====
Forbes magazine name Sirleaf as de 51st most powerful woman for de world insyd for 2006 insyd.&lt;ref&gt;Serafin, Tatiana (31 August 2006). [https://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/11/06women_Ellen-Johnson-Sirleaf_BMW8.html &quot;The 100 Most Powerful Women: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf&quot;]. Forbes.&lt;/ref&gt; For 2010 insyd, Newsweek list am as one of de ten best leaders for de world insyd, while Time count am among de top ten female leaders.&lt;ref&gt;McLure, Jason (16 August 2010). [http://www.newsweek.com/2010/08/16/go-to-the-head-of-the-class/the-rebuilder-ellen-johnson-sirleaf.html &quot;The Rebuilder: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf&quot;]. Newsweek.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Adams, William Lee (7 September 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20100825070849/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2005455_2005458_2005482,00.html &quot;Top 10 Female Leaders&quot;]. Time. Archived from [http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2005455_2005458_2005482,00.html the original] on 25 August 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; Dat same year, De Economist bell am &quot;arguably de best presido de country eva get.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2010/05/20/another-round-for-africas-iron-lady &quot;Another Round for Africa's Iron Lady&quot;]. The Economist. 22 May 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; For 2010 insyd, Sirleaf release ein first book, ''This Child Will Be Great: Memoir of a Remarkable Life by Africa's First Woman President''.&lt;ref&gt;Cooper, Helene (15 May 2009). [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/17/books/review/Cooper-t.html &quot;Madame President&quot;]. The New York Times. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331]. Retrieved 1 April 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; For November 2017 insyd, an investigation wey de International Consortium of Investigative Journalism conduct am cite Sirleaf among de list of politicians dem name for &quot;Paradise Papers&quot; allegations insyd.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.icij.org/investigations/paradise-papers/explore-politicians-paradise-papers/ &quot;Explore The Politicians in the Paradise Papers&quot;]. ICIJ. Retrieved 6 December 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ellen Johnson Sirleaf den de West African Ebola outbreak (2014–2016) ==
During de West African Ebola outbreak between 2014 den 2016, de Presido of Liberia, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, play a central role in managing de crisis. Liberia be one of de most affected countries, along plus Sierra Leone den Guinea, wey e record thousands of cases den deaths. For August 2014 insyd, Johnson Sirleaf declare a national state of emergency, wey e implement measures wey dey include border closures, restrictions for movement top, den quarantines for highly affected areas insyd to contain de spread of de virus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/one-year-into-the-ebola-epidemic/key-events-in-the-who-response-to-the-ebola-outbreak WHO – Key events in the WHO response to the Ebola outbreak 2014–2016]&lt;/ref&gt;

Domestically, ein government push give de creation of a national incident management system to coordinate de response between de Ministry of Health, United Nations agencies, den non-governmental organizations. She sanso establish de Presidential Advisory Committee for Ebola top, task plus dey oversee strategic actions den dey ensure coherence for de work of partners insyd for de ground top.&lt;ref&gt;[https://case.hks.harvard.edu/managing-a-security-response-to-the-ebola-epidemic-in-liberia-a/ Harvard Kennedy School – Managing a Security Response to the Ebola Epidemic in Liberia]&lt;/ref&gt; Dem structures strengthen de state ein capacity to centralize information den prioritize resources for context of widespread public distrust insyd toward de health system.    

At de international level, Johnson Sirleaf becam one of de most prominent voices drawing attention to de magnitude of de crisis. She formally request assistance from de United States, wey facilitate de U.S. military intervention to build treatment centers den provide logistical support.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/speech/2014/12/02/transcript-press-conference-world-bank-group-president-jim-yong-kim-liberia-sirleaf-johnson World Bank – Press conference transcript: World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (2014)]&lt;/ref&gt; Ein leadership sanso contribute to de United Nations ein decision to establish de United Nations Mission give Ebola Emergency Response (UNMEER), de first-ever UN health mission create specifically to tackle an epidemic.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ebolaresponse.un.org/un-mission-for-ebola-emergency-response UNMEER – Mission Background]&lt;/ref&gt;

Johnson Sirleaf ein management, though initially criticize give delays den difficulties for implementing quarantines insyd, dem later recognize give ein ability to mobilize resources den elevate Ebola onto de global health security agenda. After de official end of de outbreak for 2016 insyd, she advocate give dey strengthen African health systems den dey improve preparedness give future pandemics, wey e stress de importance of learning from de lessons of Ebola.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250821092211/https://time.com/4440771/liberian-president-ebola-recovery/ Time – Liberian President: How We Beat Ebola—and What We Learned (2016)]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Life after politics ==
[[File:Mia Mottley &amp; Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf (2022).jpg|thumb|Ellen Johnson Sirleaf plus Mia Mottley, Prime Minister of Barbados, for 2022 insyd]]
For 2018 insyd, Sirleaf found de Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Presidential Center give Women den Development, wey e aim &quot;to be a catalyst for change across Africa, by helping unleash its most abundant untapped power – its women&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00072449.html &quot;Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Launches Women's Center as Change Catalyst&quot;]. AllAfrica.com. 19 March 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; For 2019 insyd, dem charge ein son, Charles Sirleaf, plus economic sabotage thru de unlawful printing of local currency to de value of US$75 million. Investigative auditing firm Kroll carry out de investigation.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-47450217 &quot;Sirleaf son charged over Liberia banknotes&quot;]. BBC News. 5 March 2019. Retrieved 4 August 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

For 2019 insyd, Director-General of de World Health Organization Tedros Adhanom appoint Sirleaf as de WHO Goodwill Ambassador give de health workforce.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200715054041/https://www.who.int/hrh/news/2019/EJS_good-will-ambassador-hwf/en/ Her Excellency Ellen Johnson Sirleaf appointed as WHO Goodwill Ambassador for Health Workforce] World Health Organization, press release of 20 May 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; Amid de COVID-19 pandemic for 2020 insyd, she step down from dis post to serve as co-chair (alongside Helen Clark) of de WHO ein ''Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response'' (IPPR).&lt;ref&gt;[WHO chief taps ex-leaders to head COVID-19 response panel] [[:en:Associated_Press|Associated Press]], 9 July 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;John Miller (9 July 2020), [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-who-panel/veteran-female-leaders-to-head-who-covid-19-review-amid-anti-globalism-barbs-idUSKBN24A2U3 Veteran female leaders to head WHO COVID-19 review amid anti-globalism barbs] [[:en:Reuters|Reuters]].&lt;/ref&gt; Sanso for 2020 insyd, dem appoint am to de Development Advisory Council of de U.S. International Development Finance Corporation.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.dfc.gov/who-we-are/development-advisory-council Development Advisory Council] [[:en:U.S._International_Development_Finance_Corporation|U.S. International Development Finance Corporation]].&lt;/ref&gt;

In addition, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf dey hold a number of paid den unpaid positions, wey dey include de following:    

* Africa Europe Foundation (AEF), Member of de High-Level Group of Personalities for Africa-Europe Relations top (since 2020)&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.friendsofeurope.org/initiatives/eu-africa-high-level-group/ High-Level Group of Personalities on Africa-Europe Relations] [https://web.archive.org/web/20220411085150/https://www.friendsofeurope.org/initiatives/eu-africa-high-level-group/ Archived] 11 April 2022 at the [[Wayback Machine]] Africa Europe Foundation (AEF).&lt;/ref&gt;
* Brenthurst Foundation, Member of de Advisory Board&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thebrenthurstfoundation.org/about/team-advisors/ Advisory Board] [[:en:Brenthurst_Foundation|Brenthurst Foundation]].&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mastercard Foundation, Member of de Board of Directors (since 2020)&lt;ref&gt;[https://mastercardfdn.org/foundation/team/?fwp_roles=board Our Leadership: Board] [[:en:Mastercard_Foundation|Mastercard Foundation]].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ein life matter ==
For 1956 insyd, Ellen Johnson marry James Sirleaf. Dem get four sons togeda before demma divorce.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt; She grow up as a Presbyterian, but later join ein husband ein Methodist faith.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://thenewslib.com/news/564-gov-t-rejects-newspaper-story Gov't Rejects Newspaper Story] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140512221442/http://thenewslib.com/news/564-gov-t-rejects-newspaper-story Archived] 12 May 2014 at the [[Wayback Machine]]&quot;. The News 7 May 2014. Retrieved 2014-05-09.&lt;/ref&gt; Thru ein sons, she get ten grandchildren.  

While e attend college for de United States insyd, Sirleaf becam a member of de Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority, den she be honorary member of de Links, Incorporated. She be de aunt to American actress/comic Retta (born Marietta Sirleaf),&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.peacocktv.com/stream-tv/parks-and-recreation &quot;Watch Parks and Recreation Streaming | Peacock&quot;]. @peacocktv.&lt;/ref&gt; best known give ein role as Donna Meagle for de NBC comedy Parks den Recreation top.&lt;ref&gt;Ford, Rebecca (7 October 2011). [http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/parks-recreation-nobel-peace-prize-245753 &quot;'Parks and Recreation' Has a Nobel Peace Prize Connection&quot;]. [[:en:The_Hollywood_Reporter|The Hollywood Reporter]].&lt;/ref&gt;

Several of ein kiddies serve for de Liberian government insyd. Ein son Robert Sirleaf serve as head of de National Oil Company of Liberia, Charles Sirleaf dey hold a senior position at de Central Bank of Liberia, den stepson Fombah Sirleaf dey head de Liberian National Security Agency, plus responsibility give internal security. Oda members of de Sirleaf family dey serve for oda positions insyd for government insyd.&lt;ref&gt;[http://frontpageafricaonline.com/index.php/politics/391-mixed-reactions-over-president-sirleaf-s-claim-of-family-not-wealthyh &quot;Mixed reactions over President Sirleaf's claim of family not wealthy&quot;] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160708141337/http://frontpageafricaonline.com/index.php/politics/391-mixed-reactions-over-president-sirleaf-s-claim-of-family-not-wealthy Archived] 8 July 2016 at the [[Wayback Machine]], 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160611124703/http://www.frontpageafricaonline.com/index.php/news/1038-richard-tolbert-indicted-sirleaf-saytumah-kupee-fate-undecided &quot;Richard Tolbert Indicted: Sirleaf, Saytumah, Kupee Fate Undecided&quot;]. Archived from [http://www.frontpageafricaonline.com/index.php/news/1038-richard-tolbert-indicted-sirleaf-saytumah-kupee-fate-undecided the original] on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

For December 2021 insyd, James Sirleaf, one of de sons of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, die for ein residence insyd for Liberia insyd under unknown circumstances. He be 64.&lt;ref&gt;[https://analystliberiaonline.com/outpour-of-sympathies-over-jes-passing-avalanche-of-tributes-in-honor-of-fallen-james-sirleaf/#google_vignette &quot;Outpour of sympathies Over JES' Passing--Avalanche of Tributes In Honor Of Fallen James Sirleaf&quot;]. The Analyst News. 30 December 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; For June 2024 insyd, Charles E. Sirleaf, anoda of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf ein four sons, die after a brief illness. He be 68. Both men follow demma mommie for politics den government work insyd den be public servants give much of demma careers.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.liberianobserver.com/news/former-cbl-deputy-governor-charles-sirleaf-is-dead/article_b5c59a4e-2247-11ef-abaf-d342624ab2a4.html &quot;FORMER LIBERIAN PRESIDENT ELLEN JOHNSON SIRLEAF'S SON FOUND DEAD&quot;]. The Liberian Daily Observer. 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 November 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Honors den awards ==
[[File:Ellen_Johnson_statue_(cropped).jpg|thumb|A statue of Sirleaf unveiled insyd Owerri ein Ikemba Ojukwu Square (Imo state, [[Nigeria]]) insyd 2017]]

* Ralph Bunche International Leadership Award
* Chief of Order of de Golden Heart of Kenya
* Grand commander Star of Africa Redemption of Liberia
* 1988: Recipient of de 1988 Roosevelt Institute Freedom of Speech Award&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Recipients of the Four Freedoms Award |url=http://merchant.videotex.net/common/news/reports/detail.cfm?QID=6330&amp;ClientID=11005&amp;topicID=232&amp;classification=report |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110821192903/http://merchant.videotex.net/common/news/reports/detail.cfm?QID=6330&amp;ClientID=11005&amp;topicID=232&amp;classification=report |archive-date=21 August 2011 |access-date=14 December 2010 |publisher=[[Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute]] |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1996: Commander of de Order of Mono&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ellen Johnson Sirleaf - |url=https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/ellen-johnson-sirleaf/ |access-date=2020-05-16 |website=Archives of Women's Political Communication |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2006: Common Ground Award recipient, Search for Common Ground&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Common Ground Awards 2006 |url=http://www.sfcg.org/sfcg/awards/2006gallery.html |access-date=14 December 2010 |publisher=Search for Common Ground}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2006: Laureate of de Africa Prize for Leadership for de Sustainable End of Hunger, The Hunger Project&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |year=2006 |title=President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf: 2006 Africa Prize Laureate |url=http://www.africaprize.org/06/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080326180439/http://africaprize.org/06/ |archive-date=26 March 2008 |access-date=14 December 2010 |publisher=[[The Hunger Project]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2006: Distinguished Fellow, Claus M. Halle Institute for Global Learning, Emory University&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ellen Johnson Sirleaf: Halle Distinguished Fellow, September 12, 2006 |url=http://halleinstitute.emory.edu/distinguished_fellows/sirleaf.html |access-date=14 December 2010 |publisher=[[Emory University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2006 dem award am Honorary Doctor of Laws from Marquette University&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=23 October 2006 |title=Honorary Degree Recipient: Her Excellency Ellen Johnson Sirleaf |url=http://www.marquette.edu/universityhonors/honors_sirleaf.shtml |access-date=14 December 2010 |publisher=[[Marquette University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2006: David Rockefeller Bridging Leadership Award from Synergos&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=12 October 2006 |title=2006 David Rockefeller Bridging Leadership Award Honorees |url=http://www.synergos.org/universityforanight/06/honorees.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213171535/http://synergos.org/universityforanight/06/honorees.htm |archive-date=13 December 2011 |publisher=Synergos |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2007: Presidential Medal of Freedom, de highest civilian award wey de United States dey give, U.S. President George W. Bush award to Sirleaf on 5 November 2007&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|publisher=White House Office of the Press Secretary|url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2007/10/20071029.html|title=President Bush Announces Recipients of Presidential Medal of Freedom|date=29 October 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2008: Golden Plate Award of de American Academy of Achievement&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service |website=www.achievement.org |publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2008: dem award am Honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Indiana University,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|url=http://newsinfo.iu.edu/news/page/normal/7887.html|title=Liberian president receiving honorary degree at IU Bloomington commencement|publisher=[[Indiana University]]|date=8 April 2010|access-date=5 May 2008|archive-date=27 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927085944/http://newsinfo.iu.edu/news/page/normal/7887.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dartmouth College;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2008/04/22h.html|title=Dartmouth 2008 Honorary Degree Recipient Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf (Doctor of Laws)|publisher=[[Dartmouth College]]|access-date=19 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916222608/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2008/04/22h.html|archive-date=16 September 2013|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; den Brown University.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|url=https://news.brown.edu/pressreleases/2008/09/sirleaf|title=Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf to Receive Honorary Degree|publisher=[[Brown University]]|date=8 September 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2009: dem award am de EITI Award for &quot;the rapid progress the country has made towards implementation of the EITI&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200902180838.html|title=Eiti Awards Government for Progress, As President Sirleaf Returns Home|publisher=[[AllAfrica.com]]|date=18 February 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2009: dem award am Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from de University of Tampa&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=7 October 2011 |title=UT Honorary Doctorate Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Named Nobel Peace Prize Recipient |url=http://www.ut.edu/Honorary-Doctorate-Ellen-Johnson-Sirleaf-Named-Nobel-Peace-Prize-Recipient.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017235634/http://www.ut.edu/Honorary-Doctorate-Ellen-Johnson-Sirleaf-Named-Nobel-Peace-Prize-Recipient.aspx |archive-date=17 October 2011 |access-date=7 October 2011 |publisher=The University of Tampa}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2010: dem award am Honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Yale University&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Esther|last=Zuckerman|url=http://www.yaledailynews.com/crosscampus/2010/05/23/liberian-president-receive-honorary-degree/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110606170654/http://www.yaledailynews.com/crosscampus/2010/05/23/liberian-president-receive-honorary-degree/|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 June 2011|title=Liberian president to receive honorary degree|work=[[Yale Daily News]]|date=23 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; den Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=25 May 2010 |title=2010 Commencement/Convocations |url=http://commencement.rutgers.edu/honorarybio.shtml/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701071217/http://commencement.rutgers.edu/honorarybio.shtml |archive-date=1 July 2010 |publisher=[[Rutgers University]] |df=dmy}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2010: Friend of the Media in Africa Award from The African Editor's Union&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|url=http://emansion.gov.lr/press.php?news_id=1686|title=President Sirleaf Receives African Editors Honor|publisher=The Executive Mansion|location=Monrovia|date=18 October 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101122185835/http://emansion.gov.lr/press.php?news_id=1686|archive-date=22 November 2010|df=dmy}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2011: dem award am Honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Harvard University&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2011/05/harvard-to-award-nine-honorary-degrees/ &quot;Harvard awards 9 honorary degrees&quot;], ''Harvard Gazette'', 26 May 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2011: African Gender Award&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|url=http://emansion.gov.lr/press.php?news_id=1919|title='You Have Brought Honor to All African Women,' Senegal's Wade Says|publisher=The Executive Mansion|location=Monrovia|date=18 June 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110705052138/http://www.emansion.gov.lr/press.php?news_id=1919|archive-date=5 July 2011|df=dmy}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2011: [[Nobel Peace Prize]]
* 2012: Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development
* 2014: dem list am as de 70th most powerful woman insyd de world by ''Forbes''.
* 2017: dem award am a title insyd de Nigerian chieftaincy system by Eze Samuel Ohiri of Imo, Nigeria. As a result, she now be de '''Ada di Ohanma''' of Igboland.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Photos: Okorocha honours Ellen Johnson Sirleaf with chieftaincy title, Ada di Ohanma of Igboland |url=https://www.juliablaise.com/2017/11/photos-okorocha-honours-ellen-johnson.html?m=1 |access-date=December 31, 2020 |website=juliablaise.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2017: dem recognize am as one of de BBC's 100 Women of 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2017-09-27|title=BBC 100 Women 2017: Who is on the list?|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-41380265|access-date=2022-12-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2018: she win de 2017 version of de Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=12 February 2018 |title=Ellen Johnson Sirleaf wins 2017 Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership |url=http://mo.ibrahim.foundation/news/2018/ellen-johnson-sirleaf-wins-2017-ibrahim-prize-achievement-african-leadership/ |access-date=12 February 2018 |publisher=Mo Ibrahim Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019: Insyd 2019, ''Time'' create 89 new covers to celebrate women of de year wey dey start from 1920; e choose am for 2006&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/100-women-of-the-year/|title=100 Women of the Year|magazine=Time|date=March 5, 2020|access-date=March 21, 2021|archive-date=December 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223082517/https://time.com/100-women-of-the-year/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Published works==
* {{Cite report |title=The Outlook for Commercial Bank Lending to Sub-Saharan Africa |url=https://ideas.repec.org/p/wbk/wbrwps/720.html |last=Johnson Sirleaf |first=Ellen |author2=Nyirjesy, Francis |year=1991 |publisher=[[World Bank]] |access-date=14 December 2010 }}
* {{cite book |last=Johnson Sirleaf | first=Ellen | editor-first=Kevin| editor-last=Cahill |title=A Framework for Survival: Health, Human Rights, and Humanitarian Assistance in Conflicts and Disasters |location=New York |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=1999 |chapter=From Disaster to Development |isbn=978-0-415-92235-7}}
* {{cite book |last1=Johnson Sirleaf | first1=Ellen| last2=Rehn| first2=Elizabeth|title=Women, War and Peace: The Independent Experts' Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women's Role in Peace-building | location=New York |publisher=[[UNIFEM]] |year=2002 |isbn=0-912917-66-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Johnson Sirleaf |first=Ellen |editor-first=Nikki |editor-last=Van Der Gaag |title=Because I am a Girl: In the Shadow of War |location=Woking |publisher=Plan UK |year=2009 |chapter=Foreword |pages=[https://archive.org/details/becauseiamgirlst0000unse/page/10 10–11] |isbn=978-0-9550479-4-7 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/becauseiamgirlst0000unse/page/10 }}

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

==External links==
{{sister project links||d=Q43179|c=Category:Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf|n=Category:Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}}
* [http://www.emansion.gov.lr/ Liberia Executive Mansion] official government website
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111221134302/http://www.aka1908.com/news/130-alpha-kappa-alpha-sorority-salutes-member-ellen-johnson-sirleaf-on-winning-the-nobel-peace-prize.html &quot;Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority salutes member Ellen Johnson Sirleaf&quot;.]
* [http://www.emansion.gov.lr/ Biography]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090729171837/https://www.trcofliberia.org/ Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Liberia] includes final report
* [https://www.forbes.com/profile/ellen-johnson-sirleaf/ Ellen Johnson Sirleaf] collected news and commentary at ''[[Forbes]]''
* [https://twitter.com/MaEllenSirleaf?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor Ellen Johnson Sirleaf on Twitter (X)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230211155722/https://live.worldbank.org/experts/ellen-johnson-sirleaf Ellen Johnson Sirleaf | World Bank Live] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211155722/https://live.worldbank.org/experts/ellen-johnson-sirleaf |date=11 February 2023 }}
'''Speeches'''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180623171644/https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/2017/03/21/speech-to-the-u-s-congress-march-15-2006/ Address to US Congress in Joint Session 15 March 2006 (audio archive available)]** {{cite web |title=Speech to the U.S. Congress - March 15, 2006 - Ellen Johnson Sirleaf |url=https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/2017/03/21/speech-to-the-u-s-congress-march-15-2006/ |website=awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu |publisher=[[Iowa State University]] |access-date=25 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623171644/https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/2017/03/21/speech-to-the-u-s-congress-march-15-2006/ |archive-date= 23 June 2018}}
** {{cite web |title=MARCH 15, 2006 Liberian President Address |url=https://www.c-span.org/program/joint-session-of-congress/liberian-president-address/155403 |website=c-span.org |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] |access-date=25 January 2025}} (Includes video of the address)
** {{cite web |title=Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Addresses U.S. Congress|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ei/pix/b/63384.htm |website=2001-2009.state.gov |publisher=[[United States Department of State|U.S. Department of State]] |access-date=25 January 2025}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060321185639/http://www.usip.org/events/2006/0321_liberia.html Sirleaf Speaks at U.S. Institute of Peace (audio archive available)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070117071058/http://explore.georgetown.edu/news/?ID=19235 Liberian President Speaks to Georgetown Community], 17 October 2006
'''Profiles den interviews'''
* [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/africa/4395978.stm &quot;Profile: Liberia's 'Iron Lady'&quot;] on [[BBC News Online]], 23 November 2005
* [http://newsghana.com.gh/?p=846166 &quot;Who Is President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf?&quot;] on [[News Ghana]], 1 November 2015
* [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/mar/08/ellen-johnson-sirleaf-100-women Top 100 Women in Politics: Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf], Ermine Saner, ''[[The Guardian]]'', 8 March 2011
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200704160910/http://www.cc.com/video-clips/3ao1g7/the-daily-show-with-jon-stewart-ellen-johnson-sirleaf Ellen Johnson Sirleaf on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart]** {{Cite web | url = http://www.cc.com/video-clips/3ao1g7/the-daily-show-with-jon-stewart-ellen-johnson-sirleaf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200704160910/http://www.cc.com/video-clips/3ao1g7/the-daily-show-with-jon-stewart-ellen-johnson-sirleaf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 4 July 2020 | title = Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
| date = 21 April 2009 | access-date =7 October 2011 | publisher=The Daily Show with Jon Stewart}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210227182610/http://www.freedomcollection.org/interviews/ellen_johnson_sirleaf/ Ellen Johnson Sirleaf interview] at the ''Freedom Collection''
** {{Webarchive|title=Freedom Collection interview|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227182610/http://www.freedomcollection.org/interviews/ellen_johnson_sirleaf/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 }} 
* [https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/one-year-into-the-ebola-epidemic/key-events-in-the-who-response-to-the-ebola-outbreak WHO timeline of the Ebola outbreak 2014–2016]  
* [https://ebolaresponse.un.org/ Official page of UNMEER – United Nations Mission for Ebola Emergency Response]  
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20250821092211/https://time.com/4440771/liberian-president-ebola-recovery/ Time Magazine article: *How We Beat Ebola—and What We Learned*]  
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sirleaf, Ellen Johnson}}
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:21st-century Liberian politicians]]
[[Category:African women insyd war]]
[[Category:Madison Business College alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard Kennedy School alumni]]
[[Category:Liberian expatriates insyd de United States]]
[[Category:Liberian Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:Liberian people of German descent]]
[[Category:Liberian people of Gola descent]]
[[Category:Liberian people of Kru descent]]
[[Category:Liberian United Methodists]]
[[Category:21st-century Liberian women politicians]]
[[Category:Liberian people]]
[[Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates]]
[[Category:Politicians wey komot Monrovia]]
[[Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients]]
[[Category:Presidents of Liberia]]
[[Category:Unity Party (Liberia) politicians]]
[[Category:William Tolbert administration cabinet members]]
[[Category:Women insyd 21st-century warfare]]
[[Category:Women Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:Women presidents insyd Africa]]
[[Category:Ministers of finance of Liberia]]
[[Category:Female finance ministers]]
[[Category:College of West Africa alumni]]
[[Category:People dem name insyd de Paradise Papers]]
[[Category:Converts to Methodism]]
[[Category:First women presidents]]
[[Category:21st-century women presidents]]
[[Category:The Elders (organization)]]
[[Category:Members of The Links]]
[[Category:Commanders of de Order of Mono]]</text>
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    <title>Lígia Fonseca</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>25609</id>
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      <id>96112</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-03-31T11:08:43Z</timestamp>
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        <username>DaSupremo</username>
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      <comment>Improve article</comment>
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[[Lígia Fonseca|Lígia Arcângela Lubrino Dias Fonseca]] be [[Cape Verde|Cape Verdean]] lawyer, activist, den politician wey serve as de First Lady of Cape Verde from 2011 go reach 2021. Dem born am for August 24, 1963. For 2001, Fonseca come turn de first woman president for de Cape Verdean Lawyers' Association (OAC), wey be de country ein national bar association.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=allAfrica.com: Woman Heads Cape Verde's Lawyers Association |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200105020056.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010505191152/http://allafrica.com/stories/200105020056.html |archive-date=2001-05-05 |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=allafrica.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Verde |first=Nós Genti Cabo |title=Nós Genti Cabo Verde {{!}} Empreendedorismo, Pessoas e Cultura |url=https://nosgenti.com/ |access-date=2026-03-22 |language=pt-PT}}&lt;/ref&gt; She marry de former President of Cape Verde, Jorge Carlos Fonseca.

== Ein biography ==
Dem born Fonseca as Lígia Arcângela Lubrino Dias for Beira, Portuguese Mozambique, for August 24, 1963; ein parents be Canta Dias den Máximo Dias. Ein poppie, Máximo Dias, be Mozambican lawyer, politician, den leader for de MONAMO political party.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; For 1976, ein family move go Lisbon, Portugal, secof political instability wey dey Mozambique dat time.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Dias stay for Lisbon, even though she hope say she go return to Beira. She go de Faculty of Law for de University of Lisbon, where she get ein law degree.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; For 1987, as she dey university, she meet ein husband-to-be, Jorge Carlos Fonseca, wey be Cape Verdean. De couple marry for March 26, 1989, for Portugal, wey dem get three daughters.

After dat, dem move go Macau, where ein husband start work as law professor for de University of Macau.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; De couple come move go Cape Verde for 1991; dis be de first time she live for African country again since she commot Mozambique for 1976.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For April 30, 2001, Fonseca become de first woman wey dem elect as President of de Cape Verdean Lawyers' Association (''Ordem dos Advogados de Cabo Verde'').&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Some lawyers small group try talk say she no be member of OAC reach 10 years, but dem support ein election anyway. Dem do de inauguration for Fonseca as de first female head of de OAC for May 19, 2001.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; She serve as President from 2001 go reach 2004, when Dr. Carlos Alberto Veiga come take over from am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ordem dos Advogados |url=http://www.caboverde.oa.pt/historia.htm |access-date=2026-03-23 |website=www.caboverde.oa.pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For de second round of de 2011 Cape Verdean presidential election, dem elect Jorge Carlos Fonseca as President, wey dis make Lígia Fonseca de fourth First Lady of Cape Verde.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; For de time she be First Lady, she focus chaw on social issues.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Even though she get chaw work for state house, she still continue dey practice law as active lawyer.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

==Honours==
===Foreign honours===
*Portugal: Grand Cross of de Order of Prince Henry (22 November 2017)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ordens.presidencia.pt/?idc=154/ Presidencia]&lt;/ref&gt;
*Netherlands: Grand Cross of de Order of the Crown (10 December 2018)

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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        <id>9</id>
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      <comment>Improve article</comment>
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[[Lígia Fonseca|Lígia Arcângela Lubrino Dias Fonseca]] be [[Cape Verde|Cape Verdean]] lawyer, activist, den politician wey serve as de First Lady of Cape Verde from 2011 go reach 2021. Dem born am for August 24, 1963. For 2001, Fonseca come turn de first woman president for de Cape Verdean Lawyers' Association (OAC), wey be de country ein national bar association.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=allAfrica.com: Woman Heads Cape Verde's Lawyers Association |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200105020056.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010505191152/http://allafrica.com/stories/200105020056.html |archive-date=2001-05-05 |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=allafrica.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Verde |first=Nós Genti Cabo |title=Nós Genti Cabo Verde {{!}} Empreendedorismo, Pessoas e Cultura |url=https://nosgenti.com/ |access-date=2026-03-22 |language=pt-PT}}&lt;/ref&gt; She marry de former President of Cape Verde, Jorge Carlos Fonseca.

== Ein biography ==
Dem born Fonseca as Lígia Arcângela Lubrino Dias for Beira, Portuguese Mozambique, for August 24, 1963; ein parents be Canta Dias den Máximo Dias. Ein poppie, Máximo Dias, be Mozambican lawyer, politician, den leader for de MONAMO political party.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; For 1976, ein family move go Lisbon, Portugal, secof political instability wey dey Mozambique dat time.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Dias stay for Lisbon, even though she hope say she go return to Beira. She go de Faculty of Law for de University of Lisbon, where she get ein law degree.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; For 1987, as she dey university, she meet ein husband-to-be, Jorge Carlos Fonseca, wey be Cape Verdean. De couple marry for March 26, 1989, for Portugal, wey dem get three daughters.

After dat, dem move go Macau, where ein husband start work as law professor for de University of Macau.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; De couple come move go Cape Verde for 1991; dis be de first time she live for African country again since she commot Mozambique for 1976.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For April 30, 2001, Fonseca become de first woman wey dem elect as President of de Cape Verdean Lawyers' Association (''Ordem dos Advogados de Cabo Verde'').&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Some lawyers small group try talk say she no be member of OAC reach 10 years, but dem support ein election anyway. Dem do de inauguration for Fonseca as de first female head of de OAC for May 19, 2001.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; She serve as President from 2001 go reach 2004, when Dr. Carlos Alberto Veiga come take over from am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ordem dos Advogados |url=http://www.caboverde.oa.pt/historia.htm |access-date=2026-03-23 |website=www.caboverde.oa.pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For de second round of de 2011 Cape Verdean presidential election, dem elect Jorge Carlos Fonseca as President, wey dis make Lígia Fonseca de fourth First Lady of Cape Verde.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; For de time she be First Lady, she focus chaw on social issues.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Even though she get chaw work for state house, she still continue dey practice law as active lawyer.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

==Honours==
===Foreign honours===
*Portugal: Grand Cross of de Order of Prince Henry (22 November 2017)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ordens.presidencia.pt/?idc=154/ Presidencia]&lt;/ref&gt;
*Netherlands: Grand Cross of de Order of the Crown (10 December 2018)

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

==External links==
{{sister project links||d=Q43354820|c=Category:Lígia Fonseca|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fonseca, Lígia}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:Cape Verdean people]]
[[Category:First ladies of Cape Verde]]
[[Category:Cape Verdean lawyers]]
[[Category:Cape Verdean women insyd politics]]
[[Category:21st-century Cape Verdean women]]
[[Category:21st-century Cape Verdean politicians]]
[[Category:University of Lisbon alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of de Order of Prince Henry]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of de Order of the Crown (Netherlands)]]
[[Category:People wey komot Beira, Mozambique]]
[[Category:Cape Verdean emigrants to Portugal]]</text>
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    <title>Vera Songwe</title>
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        <id>9</id>
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      <comment>Make sum corrections</comment>
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'''Vera Songwe''' be economist den banking executive wey come from [[Cameroon]] wey she work for World Bank from 1998 go 2015, den from 2015 go 2017 she serve as regional director for Western den Central Africa ein regional director for de International Finance Corporation. She be de first woman wey head de UN ein [[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|Economic Commission for Africa]] (ECA) at de level of Under-Secretary-General.&lt;ref name=&quot;imf.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vera Songwe: Closing the Tech Gender Gap |url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Podcasts/All-Podcasts/2018/11/16/vera-songwe-closing-tech-gender-gap |access-date=2019-04-17 |website=IMF |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Songwe currently dey serve as a non-resident Senior Fellow at de Brookings Institution's Africa Growth Initiative.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Africa Growth Initiative |url=https://www.brookings.edu/project/africa-growth-initiative/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life den education ==
== Career ==
== Other activities ==
== Speeches ==</text>
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'''Vera Songwe''' be economist den banking executive wey come from [[Cameroon]] wey she work for World Bank from 1998 go 2015, den from 2015 go 2017 she serve as regional director for Western den Central Africa ein regional director for de International Finance Corporation. She be de first woman wey head de UN ein [[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|Economic Commission for Africa]] (ECA) at de level of Under-Secretary-General.&lt;ref name=&quot;imf.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vera Songwe: Closing the Tech Gender Gap |url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Podcasts/All-Podcasts/2018/11/16/vera-songwe-closing-tech-gender-gap |access-date=2019-04-17 |website=IMF |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Songwe currently dey serve as a non-resident Senior Fellow at de Brookings Institution's Africa Growth Initiative.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Africa Growth Initiative |url=https://www.brookings.edu/project/africa-growth-initiative/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life den education ==
Songwe dey hold a PhD insyd Mathematical Economics from de Center for Operations Research den Econometrics den a Master of Arts insyd Law den Economics den a ''Diplôme d’études approfondies'' insyd Economic Science den Politics from de Université Catholique de Louvain insyd Belgium. She get a Bachelor of Arts degree insyd Economics den Political Science from de University of Michigan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.uneca.org/pages/biography|title=Biography {{!}} United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|website=www.uneca.org|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417073819/https://www.uneca.org/pages/biography|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
== Other activities ==
== Speeches ==

== References ==</text>
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'''Vera Songwe''' be economist den banking executive wey come from [[Cameroon]] wey she work for World Bank from 1998 go 2015, den from 2015 go 2017 she serve as regional director for Western den Central Africa ein regional director for de International Finance Corporation. She be de first woman wey head de UN ein [[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|Economic Commission for Africa]] (ECA) at de level of Under-Secretary-General.&lt;ref name=&quot;imf.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vera Songwe: Closing the Tech Gender Gap |url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Podcasts/All-Podcasts/2018/11/16/vera-songwe-closing-tech-gender-gap |access-date=2019-04-17 |website=IMF |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Songwe currently dey serve as a non-resident Senior Fellow at de Brookings Institution's Africa Growth Initiative.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Africa Growth Initiative |url=https://www.brookings.edu/project/africa-growth-initiative/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life den education ==
Songwe dey hold a PhD insyd Mathematical Economics from de Center for Operations Research den Econometrics den a Master of Arts insyd Law den Economics den a ''Diplôme d’études approfondies'' insyd Economic Science den Politics from de Université Catholique de Louvain insyd Belgium. She get a Bachelor of Arts degree insyd Economics den Political Science from de University of Michigan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.uneca.org/pages/biography|title=Biography {{!}} United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|website=www.uneca.org|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417073819/https://www.uneca.org/pages/biography|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
Songwe work for de Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, wey she simultaneously get a visiting professor ein appointment at de University of Southern California.

Insyd 1998, Songwe join de World Bank, wer she work insyd de Poverty Reduction and Economic Management (PREM) unit, wey dey cover [[Morocco]] den [[Tunisia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/289690/economie/a-ifc-vera-songwe-passe-chevet-secteur-prive/|title=À IFC, Vera Songwe passe au chevet du secteur privé|last=Oury Diallo|first=Amadou|author2=Omer Mbadi|date=11 January 2016|publisher=JeuneAfrique.com|language=fr|access-date=15 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://en.starafrica.com/news/ifc-appoints-vera-songwe-regional-director-for-west-and-central-africa.html|title=IFC Appoints Vera Songwe Regional Director for West and Central Africa|date=1 July 2015|publisher=AfricaStar|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=26 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126143132/http://en.starafrica.com/news/ifc-appoints-vera-songwe-regional-director-for-west-and-central-africa.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Over de subsequent years, she fill several roles insyd de PREM unit for East Asia den de Pacific region.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; Insyd 2010, Songwe be part of de World Bank Group team wey raise a historic US$49.3 billion dollars insyd concessional financing for de low income countries of de world as part of de International Development Association (IDA) 16th replenishment.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vera Songwe&quot;/&gt;

From 2011 to 2015, Songwe be Regional Director Africa wey dey cover West den Central Africa for de International Finance Corporation (IFC), den Country Director for [[Senegal]], [[Cape Verde]], [[The Gambia]], [[Guinea-Bissau|Guinea Bissau]], den [[Mauritania]].&lt;ref&gt;[[Mark Landler]] (July 31, 2014), [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/01/us/politics/african-leaders-coming-to-talk-business-may-also-be-pressed-on-rights.html African Leaders Coming to Talk Business May Also Be Pressed on Rights] ''[[New York Times]]''.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein main areas of interest be fiscal policy, innovative financing mechanisms for development, agriculture, energy den economic governance.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vera Songwe&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.brookings.edu/experts/vera-songwe/|title=Vera Songwe|date=2015-09-04|website=Brookings|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Other activities ==
== Speeches ==

== References ==</text>
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'''Vera Songwe''' be economist den banking executive wey come from [[Cameroon]] wey she work for World Bank from 1998 go 2015, den from 2015 go 2017 she serve as regional director for Western den Central Africa ein regional director for de International Finance Corporation. She be de first woman wey head de UN ein [[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|Economic Commission for Africa]] (ECA) at de level of Under-Secretary-General.&lt;ref name=&quot;imf.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vera Songwe: Closing the Tech Gender Gap |url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Podcasts/All-Podcasts/2018/11/16/vera-songwe-closing-tech-gender-gap |access-date=2019-04-17 |website=IMF |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Songwe currently dey serve as a non-resident Senior Fellow at de Brookings Institution's Africa Growth Initiative.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Africa Growth Initiative |url=https://www.brookings.edu/project/africa-growth-initiative/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life den education ==
Songwe dey hold a PhD insyd Mathematical Economics from de Center for Operations Research den Econometrics den a Master of Arts insyd Law den Economics den a ''Diplôme d’études approfondies'' insyd Economic Science den Politics from de Université Catholique de Louvain insyd Belgium. She get a Bachelor of Arts degree insyd Economics den Political Science from de University of Michigan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.uneca.org/pages/biography|title=Biography {{!}} United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|website=www.uneca.org|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417073819/https://www.uneca.org/pages/biography|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
Songwe work for de Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, wey she simultaneously get a visiting professor ein appointment at de University of Southern California.

Insyd 1998, Songwe join de World Bank, wer she work insyd de Poverty Reduction and Economic Management (PREM) unit, wey dey cover [[Morocco]] den [[Tunisia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/289690/economie/a-ifc-vera-songwe-passe-chevet-secteur-prive/|title=À IFC, Vera Songwe passe au chevet du secteur privé|last=Oury Diallo|first=Amadou|author2=Omer Mbadi|date=11 January 2016|publisher=JeuneAfrique.com|language=fr|access-date=15 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://en.starafrica.com/news/ifc-appoints-vera-songwe-regional-director-for-west-and-central-africa.html|title=IFC Appoints Vera Songwe Regional Director for West and Central Africa|date=1 July 2015|publisher=AfricaStar|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=26 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126143132/http://en.starafrica.com/news/ifc-appoints-vera-songwe-regional-director-for-west-and-central-africa.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Over de subsequent years, she fill several roles insyd de PREM unit for East Asia den de Pacific region.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; Insyd 2010, Songwe be part of de World Bank Group team wey raise a historic US$49.3 billion dollars insyd concessional financing for de low income countries of de world as part of de International Development Association (IDA) 16th replenishment.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vera Songwe&quot;/&gt;

From 2011 to 2015, Songwe be Regional Director Africa wey dey cover West den Central Africa for de International Finance Corporation (IFC), den Country Director for [[Senegal]], [[Cape Verde]], [[The Gambia]], [[Guinea-Bissau|Guinea Bissau]], den [[Mauritania]].&lt;ref&gt;[[Mark Landler]] (July 31, 2014), [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/01/us/politics/african-leaders-coming-to-talk-business-may-also-be-pressed-on-rights.html African Leaders Coming to Talk Business May Also Be Pressed on Rights] ''[[New York Times]]''.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein main areas of interest be fiscal policy, innovative financing mechanisms for development, agriculture, energy den economic governance.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vera Songwe&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.brookings.edu/experts/vera-songwe/|title=Vera Songwe|date=2015-09-04|website=Brookings|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oda activities ==
She sanso be a member of de African Union Institutional reform team under de direction of de President of [[Rwanda]], [[Paul Kagame]], den a board member of de African Leadership Network, de Mo Ibrahim Foundation,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; den ID4Africa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://id4africa.com/advisory-board/ Advisory Board] ID4Africa.&lt;/ref&gt;

Insyd early 2021, dem appoint Songwe by de G20 to de High Level Independent Panel (HLIP) on financing de global commons for pandemic preparedness den response, co-chair by [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]], Tharman Shanmugaratnam den Lawrence Summers.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.mef.gov.it/en/ufficio-stampa/comunicati/2021/The-G20-establishes-a-High-Level-Independent-Panel-on-financing-the-Global-Commons-for-Pandemic-Preparedness-and-Response-00001/ Ministry of Economy and FinanceThe G20 establishes a High Level Independent Panel on financing the Global Commons for Pandemic Preparedness and Response] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201111518/https://www.mef.gov.it/en/ufficio-stampa/comunicati/2021/The-G20-establishes-a-High-Level-Independent-Panel-on-financing-the-Global-Commons-for-Pandemic-Preparedness-and-Response-00001/ |date=1 February 2021 }} [[Ministry of Economy and Finance (Italy)|Ministry of Economy and Finance]], press release of January 27, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Speeches ==

== References ==</text>
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'''Vera Songwe''' be economist den banking executive wey come from [[Cameroon]] wey she work for World Bank from 1998 go 2015, den from 2015 go 2017 she serve as regional director for Western den Central Africa ein regional director for de International Finance Corporation. She be de first woman wey head de UN ein [[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|Economic Commission for Africa]] (ECA) at de level of Under-Secretary-General.&lt;ref name=&quot;imf.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vera Songwe: Closing the Tech Gender Gap |url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Podcasts/All-Podcasts/2018/11/16/vera-songwe-closing-tech-gender-gap |access-date=2019-04-17 |website=IMF |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Songwe currently dey serve as a non-resident Senior Fellow at de Brookings Institution's Africa Growth Initiative.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Africa Growth Initiative |url=https://www.brookings.edu/project/africa-growth-initiative/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life den education ==
Songwe dey hold a PhD insyd Mathematical Economics from de Center for Operations Research den Econometrics den a Master of Arts insyd Law den Economics den a ''Diplôme d’études approfondies'' insyd Economic Science den Politics from de Université Catholique de Louvain insyd Belgium. She get a Bachelor of Arts degree insyd Economics den Political Science from de University of Michigan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.uneca.org/pages/biography|title=Biography {{!}} United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|website=www.uneca.org|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417073819/https://www.uneca.org/pages/biography|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
Songwe work for de Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, wey she simultaneously get a visiting professor ein appointment at de University of Southern California.

Insyd 1998, Songwe join de World Bank, wer she work insyd de Poverty Reduction and Economic Management (PREM) unit, wey dey cover [[Morocco]] den [[Tunisia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/289690/economie/a-ifc-vera-songwe-passe-chevet-secteur-prive/|title=À IFC, Vera Songwe passe au chevet du secteur privé|last=Oury Diallo|first=Amadou|author2=Omer Mbadi|date=11 January 2016|publisher=JeuneAfrique.com|language=fr|access-date=15 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://en.starafrica.com/news/ifc-appoints-vera-songwe-regional-director-for-west-and-central-africa.html|title=IFC Appoints Vera Songwe Regional Director for West and Central Africa|date=1 July 2015|publisher=AfricaStar|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=26 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126143132/http://en.starafrica.com/news/ifc-appoints-vera-songwe-regional-director-for-west-and-central-africa.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Over de subsequent years, she fill several roles insyd de PREM unit for East Asia den de Pacific region.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; Insyd 2010, Songwe be part of de World Bank Group team wey raise a historic US$49.3 billion dollars insyd concessional financing for de low income countries of de world as part of de International Development Association (IDA) 16th replenishment.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vera Songwe&quot;/&gt;

From 2011 to 2015, Songwe be Regional Director Africa wey dey cover West den Central Africa for de International Finance Corporation (IFC), den Country Director for [[Senegal]], [[Cape Verde]], [[The Gambia]], [[Guinea-Bissau|Guinea Bissau]], den [[Mauritania]].&lt;ref&gt;[[Mark Landler]] (July 31, 2014), [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/01/us/politics/african-leaders-coming-to-talk-business-may-also-be-pressed-on-rights.html African Leaders Coming to Talk Business May Also Be Pressed on Rights] ''[[New York Times]]''.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein main areas of interest be fiscal policy, innovative financing mechanisms for development, agriculture, energy den economic governance.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vera Songwe&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.brookings.edu/experts/vera-songwe/|title=Vera Songwe|date=2015-09-04|website=Brookings|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oda activities ==
She sanso be a member of de African Union Institutional reform team under de direction of de President of [[Rwanda]], [[Paul Kagame]], den a board member of de African Leadership Network, de Mo Ibrahim Foundation,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; den ID4Africa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://id4africa.com/advisory-board/ Advisory Board] ID4Africa.&lt;/ref&gt;

Insyd early 2021, dem appoint Songwe by de G20 to de High Level Independent Panel (HLIP) on financing de global commons for pandemic preparedness den response, co-chair by [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]], Tharman Shanmugaratnam den Lawrence Summers.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.mef.gov.it/en/ufficio-stampa/comunicati/2021/The-G20-establishes-a-High-Level-Independent-Panel-on-financing-the-Global-Commons-for-Pandemic-Preparedness-and-Response-00001/ Ministry of Economy and FinanceThe G20 establishes a High Level Independent Panel on financing the Global Commons for Pandemic Preparedness and Response] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201111518/https://www.mef.gov.it/en/ufficio-stampa/comunicati/2021/The-G20-establishes-a-High-Level-Independent-Panel-on-financing-the-Global-Commons-for-Pandemic-Preparedness-and-Response-00001/ |date=1 February 2021 }} [[Ministry of Economy and Finance (Italy)|Ministry of Economy and Finance]], press release of January 27, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Speeches==
# Statement by the Executive Secretary at the Fourth Conference of Ministers Responsible for Civil Registration, Lusaka, Zambia, 07 December 2017&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.uneca.org/pages/speeches-0|title=Speeches {{!}} United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|website=www.uneca.org|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417082408/https://www.uneca.org/pages/speeches-0|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Statement by the Executive Secretary at the opening of the African Economic Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 04 December 2017&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
# Statement by the Executive Secretary at the opening of the Conference on Land Policy in Africa (CLPA-2017), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14 November 2017&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
# Statement by Dr. Vera Songwe, United Nations Under-Secretary-General and Executive Secretary of the UNECA at the Opening Session of the 18th Executive Council Meeting of the Extraordinary Summit on the African Continental Free Trade Area&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/speeches/20180319/statement-dr-vera-songwe-united-nations-under-secretary-general-and-executive|title=Statement by Dr. Vera Songwe, United Nations Under-Secretary-General and Executive Secretary of the UNECA at the Opening Session of the 18th Executive Council Meeting of the Extraordinary Summit on the African Continental Free Trade Area {{!}} African Union|website=au.int|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417081623/https://au.int/en/speeches/20180319/statement-dr-vera-songwe-united-nations-under-secretary-general-and-executive|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Closing the Tech Gender Gap&lt;ref name=&quot;imf.org&quot;/&gt;

== References ==</text>
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'''Vera Songwe''' be economist den banking executive wey come from [[Cameroon]] wey she work for World Bank from 1998 go 2015, den from 2015 go 2017 she serve as regional director for Western den Central Africa ein regional director for de International Finance Corporation. She be de first woman wey head de UN ein [[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|Economic Commission for Africa]] (ECA) at de level of Under-Secretary-General.&lt;ref name=&quot;imf.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vera Songwe: Closing the Tech Gender Gap |url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Podcasts/All-Podcasts/2018/11/16/vera-songwe-closing-tech-gender-gap |access-date=2019-04-17 |website=IMF |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Songwe currently dey serve as a non-resident Senior Fellow at de Brookings Institution's Africa Growth Initiative.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Africa Growth Initiative |url=https://www.brookings.edu/project/africa-growth-initiative/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life den education ==
Songwe dey hold a PhD insyd Mathematical Economics from de Center for Operations Research den Econometrics den a Master of Arts insyd Law den Economics den a ''Diplôme d’études approfondies'' insyd Economic Science den Politics from de Université Catholique de Louvain insyd Belgium. She get a Bachelor of Arts degree insyd Economics den Political Science from de University of Michigan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.uneca.org/pages/biography|title=Biography {{!}} United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|website=www.uneca.org|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417073819/https://www.uneca.org/pages/biography|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
Songwe work for de Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, wey she simultaneously get a visiting professor ein appointment at de University of Southern California.

Insyd 1998, Songwe join de World Bank, wer she work insyd de Poverty Reduction and Economic Management (PREM) unit, wey dey cover [[Morocco]] den [[Tunisia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/289690/economie/a-ifc-vera-songwe-passe-chevet-secteur-prive/|title=À IFC, Vera Songwe passe au chevet du secteur privé|last=Oury Diallo|first=Amadou|author2=Omer Mbadi|date=11 January 2016|publisher=JeuneAfrique.com|language=fr|access-date=15 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://en.starafrica.com/news/ifc-appoints-vera-songwe-regional-director-for-west-and-central-africa.html|title=IFC Appoints Vera Songwe Regional Director for West and Central Africa|date=1 July 2015|publisher=AfricaStar|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=26 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126143132/http://en.starafrica.com/news/ifc-appoints-vera-songwe-regional-director-for-west-and-central-africa.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Over de subsequent years, she fill several roles insyd de PREM unit for East Asia den de Pacific region.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; Insyd 2010, Songwe be part of de World Bank Group team wey raise a historic US$49.3 billion dollars insyd concessional financing for de low income countries of de world as part of de International Development Association (IDA) 16th replenishment.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vera Songwe&quot;/&gt;

From 2011 to 2015, Songwe be Regional Director Africa wey dey cover West den Central Africa for de International Finance Corporation (IFC), den Country Director for [[Senegal]], [[Cape Verde]], [[The Gambia]], [[Guinea-Bissau|Guinea Bissau]], den [[Mauritania]].&lt;ref&gt;[[Mark Landler]] (July 31, 2014), [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/01/us/politics/african-leaders-coming-to-talk-business-may-also-be-pressed-on-rights.html African Leaders Coming to Talk Business May Also Be Pressed on Rights] ''[[New York Times]]''.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein main areas of interest be fiscal policy, innovative financing mechanisms for development, agriculture, energy den economic governance.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vera Songwe&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.brookings.edu/experts/vera-songwe/|title=Vera Songwe|date=2015-09-04|website=Brookings|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oda activities ==
She sanso be a member of de African Union Institutional reform team under de direction of de President of [[Rwanda]], [[Paul Kagame]], den a board member of de African Leadership Network, de Mo Ibrahim Foundation,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; den ID4Africa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://id4africa.com/advisory-board/ Advisory Board] ID4Africa.&lt;/ref&gt;

Insyd early 2021, dem appoint Songwe by de G20 to de High Level Independent Panel (HLIP) on financing de global commons for pandemic preparedness den response, co-chair by [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]], Tharman Shanmugaratnam den Lawrence Summers.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.mef.gov.it/en/ufficio-stampa/comunicati/2021/The-G20-establishes-a-High-Level-Independent-Panel-on-financing-the-Global-Commons-for-Pandemic-Preparedness-and-Response-00001/ Ministry of Economy and FinanceThe G20 establishes a High Level Independent Panel on financing the Global Commons for Pandemic Preparedness and Response] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201111518/https://www.mef.gov.it/en/ufficio-stampa/comunicati/2021/The-G20-establishes-a-High-Level-Independent-Panel-on-financing-the-Global-Commons-for-Pandemic-Preparedness-and-Response-00001/ |date=1 February 2021 }} [[Ministry of Economy and Finance (Italy)|Ministry of Economy and Finance]], press release of January 27, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Speeches==
# Statement by the Executive Secretary at the Fourth Conference of Ministers Responsible for Civil Registration, Lusaka, Zambia, 07 December 2017&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.uneca.org/pages/speeches-0|title=Speeches {{!}} United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|website=www.uneca.org|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417082408/https://www.uneca.org/pages/speeches-0|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Statement by the Executive Secretary at the opening of the African Economic Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 04 December 2017&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
# Statement by the Executive Secretary at the opening of the Conference on Land Policy in Africa (CLPA-2017), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14 November 2017&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
# Statement by Dr. Vera Songwe, United Nations Under-Secretary-General and Executive Secretary of the UNECA at the Opening Session of the 18th Executive Council Meeting of the Extraordinary Summit on the African Continental Free Trade Area&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/speeches/20180319/statement-dr-vera-songwe-united-nations-under-secretary-general-and-executive|title=Statement by Dr. Vera Songwe, United Nations Under-Secretary-General and Executive Secretary of the UNECA at the Opening Session of the 18th Executive Council Meeting of the Extraordinary Summit on the African Continental Free Trade Area {{!}} African Union|website=au.int|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417081623/https://au.int/en/speeches/20180319/statement-dr-vera-songwe-united-nations-under-secretary-general-and-executive|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Closing the Tech Gender Gap&lt;ref name=&quot;imf.org&quot;/&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

==External links==
{{sister project links||d=Q22097089|c=Category:Vera Songwe|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}}{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Songwe, Vera}}
[[Category:Human]]
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[[Category:Université catholique de Louvain alumni]]
[[Category:Cameroonian expatriates insyd de United States]]
[[Category:Cameroonian women economists]]
[[Category:University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Cameroonian people]]
[[Category:21st-century Cameroonian women]]
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    <title>Human rights in Somalia</title>
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    <id>25614</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:22:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
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      <comment>Improve article</comment>
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'''Human rights in Somalia''' throughout de late 20th-century den early 21st-century be considered dire, but dey gradually improve over de following years. Human rights be guaranteed insyd de Federal Constitution, which be adopted insyd August 2012. They fall under de Ministry of Human Rights wey establish insyd August 2013. De central authorities concurrently dey inaugurate a National Human Rights Day, endorsed an official Human Rights Roadmap, den complete [[Somalia]] ein first National Gender Policy.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sasrracptrwvms&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=SOMALIA: AU Special Representative reiterates AMISOM's commitment in protecting the rights of women and vulnerable members of Society |url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/08/14/somalia-au-special-representative-reiterates-amisoms-commitment-in-protecting-the-rights-of-women-and-vulnerable-members-of-society/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302122017/http://horseedmedia.net/2013/08/14/somalia-au-special-representative-reiterates-amisoms-commitment-in-protecting-the-rights-of-women-and-vulnerable-members-of-society/ |archive-date=2 March 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=AMISOM}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Human Rights Task Force be established insyd February 2013 to firm up on de protection of individual rights. De federal government insyd December 2014 organized a public awareness campaign, passed a new 54-point national Child Protection Act, den finish legislation on a Human Rights Commission bill.&lt;ref name=&quot;Prbtshrwgohrd&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Press release by the Somalia Human Rights Working Group on the occasion of International Human Rights Day |url=http://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/somalia/documents/press_corner/20141210_en.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214210747/https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/somalia/documents/press_corner/20141210_en.pdf |archive-date=2014-12-14 |access-date=14 December 2014 |publisher=Somalia Human Rights Working Group}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to de UN ein Independent Human Rights Expert on Somalia, local human rights protection dey gradually improve as government institutionalization and legislative reform have taken root.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sieotsohriscm&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Somalia: Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in Somalia Concludes Mission [EN/SOM] |url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/reliefweb_pdf/node-764291.pdf |access-date=14 December 2014 |publisher=United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Human Rights Task Force ==
Insyd early February 2013, former Prime Minister Abdi Farah Shirdon dey launch an Independent Task Force on Human Rights in order to firm up on de protection of individual rights. De 13-member committee of volunteers be formed after extensive consultations plus civil society groups den de Speaker of Parliament, Mohamed Osman Jawari. Chaired by prominent human rights attorney Maryam Yusuf Sheikh Ali, one of four women on de panel, de Task Force include an educator, a peace activist, leaders of Somali women ein organizations, senior police officers, a humanitarian campaigner, a religious leader, den a media representative.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ssplhrtfaci&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Prime Minister's Media Office|title=Somalia: Somali PM launches Human Rights Task Force and attacks &quot;culture of impunity&quot;|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/02/05/somalia-somali-pm-launches-human-rights-task-force-and-attacks-culture-of-impunity/|access-date=20 February 2014|newspaper=Horseed Media|date=5 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302123932/http://horseedmedia.net/2013/02/05/somalia-somali-pm-launches-human-rights-task-force-and-attacks-culture-of-impunity/|archive-date=2 March 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E be tasked plus investigating allegations of human rights abuses den journalist intimidation. At de end of ein three-month mandate, de committee be scheduled to publish a report on ein findings den recommended courses of action. De Task Force will eventually give way to a permanent parliamentary Human Rights Commission, which dey have de capacity to investigate allegations over a longer period.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ssplhrtfaci&quot; /&gt;

== Ministry of Human Rights ==
Insyd late August 2013 Prime Minister Shirdon established de first dedicated national Ministry for Human Rights. De federal authorities concurrently declared 27 August as Somalia ein National Human Rights Day. E sana be endorsed a Human Rights Roadmap, wey define government duties den sets specific benchmarks to be achieved over a two-year timeframe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Suehhrebubcp&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Somalia: UN expert hails human rights effort but urges broader consultation process|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/www.wmo.int/html/story.asp?NewsID=45759&amp;Cr=somalia&amp;Cr1=#.UwVrE5gju1E|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140220063126/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/www.wmo.int/html/story.asp?NewsID=45759&amp;Cr=somalia&amp;Cr1=%23.UwVrE5gju1E|url-status=dead|access-date=20 February 2014|newspaper=UN News Centre|date=3 September 2013|archive-date=2014-02-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 17 January 2014, new Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed join de Human Rights portfolio plus Women ein Affairs to form de Ministry of Women den Human Rights. E be led by Khadijo Mohamed Diriye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spscwwtftpos&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=SOMALIA PM Said &quot;Cabinet will work tirelessly for the people of Somalia&quot;|url=http://www.midnimo.com/2014/01/17/somalia-pm-said-cabinet-will-work-tirelessly-people-somalia/|access-date=17 January 2014|newspaper=Midnimo|date=17 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203025315/http://www.midnimo.com/2014/01/17/somalia-pm-said-cabinet-will-work-tirelessly-people-somalia/|archive-date=3 February 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Womendema rights ==
On August 1, 2012, a new Federal Constitution be adopted, which include several statutes related to equality as proposed by a Committee of Experts (CoE).&lt;ref name=&quot;Prsgecoeodc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Press Release - Somali Government establishes Committee of Experts on Draft Constitution |url=http://somalitalkradio.com/2011/sept/26092011_Press_Release.pdf |access-date=2 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Article 11 of de Federal Constitution guarantees equal treatment for all citizens regardless of gender.&lt;ref name=&quot;Frspc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Federal Republic of Somalia - Provisional Constitution |url=http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124010543/http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf |archive-date=January 24, 2013 |access-date=29 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Hanan_Ibrahim4.jpg|thumb|Chairperson of the Barnet Muslim Women's Network Hanan Ibrahim addressing the ISSAT (2013).]]
Women have since obtain greater representation insyd de public sphere. According to de Inter-Parliamentary Union, 30% of seats insyd Somalia ein Federal Parliament be legally reserved for women.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ipu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Somalia (House of the People) |url=http://www.ipu.org/parline/reports/2380.htm |access-date=6 September 2013 |publisher=Inter-Parliamentary Union}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dis quota be secured by Somali parliamentary consultant Hodan Ahmed den oda female political leaders.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mlcpp&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=April 12-13, 2013 - Preliminary Program |url=http://webapps.marietta.edu/~lead/sites/default/files/McDonough%20Leadership%20Conference%20Program%20(2013)_1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051738/http://webapps.marietta.edu/~lead/sites/default/files/McDonough%20Leadership%20Conference%20Program%20(2013)_1.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=2 April 2014 |publisher=McDonough Leadership Center}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ahmed sana help form de Somali Women Parliamentary Association insyd 2009 insyd de preceding Transitional Federal Parliament.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ndiha&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hodan Ahmed |url=https://www.ndi.org/hodan-ahmed-2013-apf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407084212/https://www.ndi.org/hodan-ahmed-2013-apf |archive-date=2014-04-07 |access-date=2 April 2014 |publisher=National Democratic Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt; Insyd November 2012, Prime Minister Shirdon likewise dey appoint two women to de Cabinet, Fowsiyo Yussuf Haji Aadan as de nation ein first female Minister of Foreign Affairs den Maryam Qassim as Minister of Social Development.&lt;ref name=&quot;Smnspmuhnc&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Somalia: Prime Minister Unveils His New Cabinet|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201211050009.html|access-date=5 November 2012|newspaper=Shabelle Media Network|date=4 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Freedom House index ==
De following chart show Somalia ein ratings since 1972 on Freedom House ein annual Freedom in the World index. A rating of 1 be &quot;free&quot;; 7, &quot;not free&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;FH1972&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Freedom House |author-link=Freedom House |year=2024 |title=Country and Territory Ratings and Statuses, FIW 1973-2024 |url=https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2024-02/Country_and_Territory_Ratings_and_Statuses_FIW_1973-2024.xlsx |access-date=21 December 2024 |format=XLS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable collapsible collapsed&quot; style=&quot;border:none; &quot;
!Historical ratings
|-
| style=&quot;padding:0; border:none;&quot; |
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse:collapse;&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
|- style=&quot;background:#eee; font-weight:bold; text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;width:3em; text-align:left;&quot; |Year
| style=&quot;width:3em;&quot; |Political Rights
| style=&quot;width:3em;&quot; |Civil Liberties
| style=&quot;width:3em;&quot; |Status
| style=&quot;width:3em;&quot; |President
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1972
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |6
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |[[Siad Barre|Mohamed Siad Barre]]
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1973
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |6
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1974
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |6
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1975
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |6
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1976
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1977
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1978
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1979
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1980
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1981
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |19822
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1983
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1984
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1985
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1986
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1987
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1988
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1989
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1990
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1991
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1992
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Ali Mahdi Muhammad
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1993
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Ali Mahdi Muhammad
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1994
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Ali Mahdi Muhammad
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1995
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Ali Mahdi Muhammad
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1996
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Ali Mahdi Muhammad
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1997
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Ali Mahdi Muhammad
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1998
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1999
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2000
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |6
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2001
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |6
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Abdiqasim Salad Hassan
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2002
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |6
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Abdiqasim Salad Hassan
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2003
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |6
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Abdiqasim Salad Hassan
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2004
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |6
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Abdiqasim Salad Hassan
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2005
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |6
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2006
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2007
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2008
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2009
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Adan Mohamed Nuur Madobe
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2010
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Sharif Sheikh Ahmed
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2011
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Sharif Sheikh Ahmed
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2012&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Freedom House |author-link=Freedom House |date=2013 |title=Freedom in the World 2013: Democratic Breakthroughs in the Balance |url=https://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FIW%202013%20Booklet.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Sharif Sheikh Ahmed
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2013&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Freedom House |author-link=Freedom House |date=2014 |title=Freedom in the World 2014 |url=https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FIW2014%20Booklet.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2014&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Freedom House |author-link=Freedom House |date=2015 |title=Freedom in the World 2015 |url=https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/01152015_FIW_2015_final.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2015
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2016
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2017
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2018
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2019
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2020
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2021
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2022
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2023
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
|}
|}

== International treaties ==
International human rights treaties dat Somalia dey sign or ratify include:
{| class=&quot;wikitable collapsible collapsed&quot; style=&quot;border:none; &quot;
!International treaties
|-
|
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse:collapse;&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
|- style=&quot;background:#eee; font-weight:bold; text-align:center;&quot;
|Treaty
|Organization
|Introduced
|Signed
|Ratified
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#99f; align=left&quot; |Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 1. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Paris, 9 December 1948 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-1&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020233944/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-1&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2012-10-20 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |[[United Nations]]
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |1948
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#9f9; align=left&quot; |International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 2. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. New York, 7 March 1966 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-2&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211223019/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-2&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=11 February 2011 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1966
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1971
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#9f9; align=left&quot; |International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 3. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York, 16 December 1966 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-3&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917040858/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-3&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=17 September 2012 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1966
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1967
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1975
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#9f9; align=left&quot; |International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 4. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, 16 December 1966 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-4&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901184638/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-4&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2010-09-01 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1966
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1990
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#9f9; align=left&quot; |First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 5. Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, 16 December 1966 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-5&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324125027/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-5&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2019-03-24 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1966
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1990
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#99f; align=left&quot; |Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 6. Convention on the non-applicability of statutory limitations to war crimes and crimes against humanity. New York, 26 November 1968 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-6&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116072232/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-6&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2018-11-16 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |1968
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#9f9; align=left&quot; |International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 7. International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid. New York, 30 November 1973 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-7&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718122932/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-7&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2012-07-18 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1973
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1974
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1975
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#99f; align=left&quot; |Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 8. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. New York, 18 December 1979 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-8&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120823144158/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-8&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=23 August 2012 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |1979
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#9f9; align=left&quot; |Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 9. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. New York, 10 December 1984 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-9&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108052518/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-9&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=8 November 2010 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1984
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1990
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#ff9; align=left&quot; |Convention on the Rights of the Child&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 11&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11. Convention on the Rights of the Child. New York, 20 November 1989 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-11&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211151110/https://treaties.un.org/pages/viewdetails.aspx?src=treaty&amp;mtdsg_no=iv-11&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2014-02-11 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ff9;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#ff9;&quot; |1989
| style=&quot;background:#ff9;&quot; |2002
| style=&quot;background:#ff9;&quot; |2015
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#99f; align=left&quot; |Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 12. Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. New York, 15 December 1989 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-12&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020234014/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-12&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2012-10-20 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |1989
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#99f; align=left&quot; |International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 13&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 13. International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families. New York, 18 December 1990 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-13&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825222904/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-13&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=25 August 2012 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |1990
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#99f; align=left&quot; |Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 8b&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 8b. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. New York, 6 October 1999 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-8-b&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520040105/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-8-b&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2011-05-20 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |1999
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#ff9; align=left&quot; |Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 11b&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11b. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. New York, 25 May 2000 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-11-b&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425032942/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-11-b&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2016-04-25 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ff9;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#ff9;&quot; |2000
| style=&quot;background:#ff9;&quot; |2005
| style=&quot;background:#ff9;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#99f; align=left&quot; |Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 11c&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11c. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. New York, 25 May 2000 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-11-c&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213004558/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-11-c&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2013-12-13 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |2000
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#99f; align=left&quot; |Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 15&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 15. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. New York, 13 December 2006 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-15&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819033725/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-15&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=19 August 2012 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |2006
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#99f; align=left&quot; |Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 15a&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 15a. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. New York, 13 December 2006 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-15-a&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113202037/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-15-a&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2016-01-13 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |2006
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#99f; align=left&quot; |International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 16. International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance. New York, 20 December 2006 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-16&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717085558/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-16&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2019-07-17 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |2006
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#99f; align=left&quot; |Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 3a&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 3a. Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York, 10 December 2008 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-3-a&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718111116/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-3-a&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2012-07-18 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |2008
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#99f; align=left&quot; |Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a Communications Procedure&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 11d&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11d. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure . New York, 19 December 2011. New York, 10 December 2008 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-11-d&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825214748/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-11-d&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=25 August 2012 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |2011
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|}
|}

== Notes ==

: 1.  Note that the &quot;Year&quot; signifies the &quot;Year covered&quot;. Therefore the information for the year marked 2008 is from the report published in 2009, and so on.
: 2. &lt;span class=&quot;citation wikicite&quot; id=&quot;endnote_c&quot;&gt;'''^'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;The 1982 report covers the year 1981 and the first half of 1982, and the following 1984 report covers the second half of 1982 and the whole of 1983. In the interest of simplicity, these two aberrant &quot;year and a half&quot; reports have been split into three year-long reports through extrapolation.

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

==External links==
{{Commons}}
*[http://blog.unwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/Somalia-Resolution.pdf Assistance to Somalia in the Field of Human Rights]

[[Category:Human rights insyd Somalia| ]]
[[Category:Government of Somalia]]
[[Category:Society of Somalia]]
[[Category:Law of Somalia]]</text>
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'''Human rights in Somalia''' throughout de late 20th-century den early 21st-century be considered dire, but dey gradually improve over de following years. Human rights be guaranteed insyd de Federal Constitution, which be adopted insyd August 2012. They fall under de Ministry of Human Rights wey establish insyd August 2013. De central authorities concurrently dey inaugurate a National Human Rights Day, endorsed an official Human Rights Roadmap, den complete [[Somalia]] ein first National Gender Policy.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sasrracptrwvms&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=SOMALIA: AU Special Representative reiterates AMISOM's commitment in protecting the rights of women and vulnerable members of Society |url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/08/14/somalia-au-special-representative-reiterates-amisoms-commitment-in-protecting-the-rights-of-women-and-vulnerable-members-of-society/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302122017/http://horseedmedia.net/2013/08/14/somalia-au-special-representative-reiterates-amisoms-commitment-in-protecting-the-rights-of-women-and-vulnerable-members-of-society/ |archive-date=2 March 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=AMISOM}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Human Rights Task Force be established insyd February 2013 to firm up on de protection of individual rights. De federal government insyd December 2014 organized a public awareness campaign, passed a new 54-point national Child Protection Act, den finish legislation on a Human Rights Commission bill.&lt;ref name=&quot;Prbtshrwgohrd&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Press release by the Somalia Human Rights Working Group on the occasion of International Human Rights Day |url=http://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/somalia/documents/press_corner/20141210_en.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214210747/https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/somalia/documents/press_corner/20141210_en.pdf |archive-date=2014-12-14 |access-date=14 December 2014 |publisher=Somalia Human Rights Working Group}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to de UN ein Independent Human Rights Expert on Somalia, local human rights protection dey gradually improve as government institutionalization and legislative reform have taken root.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sieotsohriscm&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Somalia: Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in Somalia Concludes Mission [EN/SOM] |url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/reliefweb_pdf/node-764291.pdf |access-date=14 December 2014 |publisher=United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Human Rights Task Force ==
Insyd early February 2013, former Prime Minister Abdi Farah Shirdon dey launch an Independent Task Force on Human Rights in order to firm up on de protection of individual rights. De 13-member committee of volunteers be formed after extensive consultations plus civil society groups den de Speaker of Parliament, Mohamed Osman Jawari. Chaired by prominent human rights attorney Maryam Yusuf Sheikh Ali, one of four women on de panel, de Task Force include an educator, a peace activist, leaders of Somali women ein organizations, senior police officers, a humanitarian campaigner, a religious leader, den a media representative.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ssplhrtfaci&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Prime Minister's Media Office|title=Somalia: Somali PM launches Human Rights Task Force and attacks &quot;culture of impunity&quot;|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/02/05/somalia-somali-pm-launches-human-rights-task-force-and-attacks-culture-of-impunity/|access-date=20 February 2014|newspaper=Horseed Media|date=5 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302123932/http://horseedmedia.net/2013/02/05/somalia-somali-pm-launches-human-rights-task-force-and-attacks-culture-of-impunity/|archive-date=2 March 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E be tasked plus investigating allegations of human rights abuses den journalist intimidation. At de end of ein three-month mandate, de committee be scheduled to publish a report on ein findings den recommended courses of action. De Task Force will eventually give way to a permanent parliamentary Human Rights Commission, which dey have de capacity to investigate allegations over a longer period.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ssplhrtfaci&quot; /&gt;

== Ministry of Human Rights ==
Insyd late August 2013 Prime Minister Shirdon established de first dedicated national Ministry for Human Rights. De federal authorities concurrently declared 27 August as Somalia ein National Human Rights Day. E sana be endorsed a Human Rights Roadmap, wey define government duties den sets specific benchmarks to be achieved over a two-year timeframe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Suehhrebubcp&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Somalia: UN expert hails human rights effort but urges broader consultation process|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/www.wmo.int/html/story.asp?NewsID=45759&amp;Cr=somalia&amp;Cr1=#.UwVrE5gju1E|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140220063126/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/www.wmo.int/html/story.asp?NewsID=45759&amp;Cr=somalia&amp;Cr1=%23.UwVrE5gju1E|url-status=dead|access-date=20 February 2014|newspaper=UN News Centre|date=3 September 2013|archive-date=2014-02-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 17 January 2014, new Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed join de Human Rights portfolio plus Women ein Affairs to form de Ministry of Women den Human Rights. E be led by Khadijo Mohamed Diriye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spscwwtftpos&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=SOMALIA PM Said &quot;Cabinet will work tirelessly for the people of Somalia&quot;|url=http://www.midnimo.com/2014/01/17/somalia-pm-said-cabinet-will-work-tirelessly-people-somalia/|access-date=17 January 2014|newspaper=Midnimo|date=17 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203025315/http://www.midnimo.com/2014/01/17/somalia-pm-said-cabinet-will-work-tirelessly-people-somalia/|archive-date=3 February 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Womendema rights ==
On August 1, 2012, a new Federal Constitution be adopted, which include several statutes related to equality as proposed by a Committee of Experts (CoE).&lt;ref name=&quot;Prsgecoeodc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Press Release - Somali Government establishes Committee of Experts on Draft Constitution |url=http://somalitalkradio.com/2011/sept/26092011_Press_Release.pdf |access-date=2 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Article 11 of de Federal Constitution guarantees equal treatment for all citizens regardless of gender.&lt;ref name=&quot;Frspc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Federal Republic of Somalia - Provisional Constitution |url=http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124010543/http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf |archive-date=January 24, 2013 |access-date=29 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Hanan_Ibrahim4.jpg|thumb|Chairperson of de Barnet Muslim Women's Network Hanan Ibrahim dey address de ISSAT (2013).]]
Women have since obtain greater representation insyd de public sphere. According to de Inter-Parliamentary Union, 30% of seats insyd Somalia ein Federal Parliament be legally reserved for women.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ipu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Somalia (House of the People) |url=http://www.ipu.org/parline/reports/2380.htm |access-date=6 September 2013 |publisher=Inter-Parliamentary Union}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dis quota be secured by Somali parliamentary consultant Hodan Ahmed den oda female political leaders.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mlcpp&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=April 12-13, 2013 - Preliminary Program |url=http://webapps.marietta.edu/~lead/sites/default/files/McDonough%20Leadership%20Conference%20Program%20(2013)_1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051738/http://webapps.marietta.edu/~lead/sites/default/files/McDonough%20Leadership%20Conference%20Program%20(2013)_1.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=2 April 2014 |publisher=McDonough Leadership Center}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ahmed sana help form de Somali Women Parliamentary Association insyd 2009 insyd de preceding Transitional Federal Parliament.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ndiha&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hodan Ahmed |url=https://www.ndi.org/hodan-ahmed-2013-apf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407084212/https://www.ndi.org/hodan-ahmed-2013-apf |archive-date=2014-04-07 |access-date=2 April 2014 |publisher=National Democratic Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt; Insyd November 2012, Prime Minister Shirdon likewise dey appoint two women to de Cabinet, Fowsiyo Yussuf Haji Aadan as de nation ein first female Minister of Foreign Affairs den Maryam Qassim as Minister of Social Development.&lt;ref name=&quot;Smnspmuhnc&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Somalia: Prime Minister Unveils His New Cabinet|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201211050009.html|access-date=5 November 2012|newspaper=Shabelle Media Network|date=4 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Freedom House index ==
De following chart show Somalia ein ratings since 1972 on Freedom House ein annual Freedom in the World index. A rating of 1 be &quot;free&quot;; 7, &quot;not free&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;FH1972&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Freedom House |author-link=Freedom House |year=2024 |title=Country and Territory Ratings and Statuses, FIW 1973-2024 |url=https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2024-02/Country_and_Territory_Ratings_and_Statuses_FIW_1973-2024.xlsx |access-date=21 December 2024 |format=XLS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable collapsible collapsed&quot; style=&quot;border:none; &quot;
!Historical ratings
|-
| style=&quot;padding:0; border:none;&quot; |
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse:collapse;&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
|- style=&quot;background:#eee; font-weight:bold; text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;width:3em; text-align:left;&quot; |Year
| style=&quot;width:3em;&quot; |Political Rights
| style=&quot;width:3em;&quot; |Civil Liberties
| style=&quot;width:3em;&quot; |Status
| style=&quot;width:3em;&quot; |President
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1972
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |6
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |[[Siad Barre|Mohamed Siad Barre]]
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1973
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |6
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1974
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |6
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1975
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |6
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1976
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1977
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1978
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1979
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1980
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1981
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |19822
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1983
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1984
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1985
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1986
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1987
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1988
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1989
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1990
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1991
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Siad Barre
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1992
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Ali Mahdi Muhammad
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1993
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Ali Mahdi Muhammad
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1994
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Ali Mahdi Muhammad
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1995
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Ali Mahdi Muhammad
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1996
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Ali Mahdi Muhammad
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1997
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Ali Mahdi Muhammad
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1998
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1999
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2000
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |6
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2001
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |6
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Abdiqasim Salad Hassan
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2002
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |6
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Abdiqasim Salad Hassan
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2003
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |6
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Abdiqasim Salad Hassan
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2004
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |6
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Abdiqasim Salad Hassan
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2005
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |6
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2006
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2007
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2008
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2009
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Adan Mohamed Nuur Madobe
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2010
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Sharif Sheikh Ahmed
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2011
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Sharif Sheikh Ahmed
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2012&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Freedom House |author-link=Freedom House |date=2013 |title=Freedom in the World 2013: Democratic Breakthroughs in the Balance |url=https://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FIW%202013%20Booklet.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Sharif Sheikh Ahmed
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2013&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Freedom House |author-link=Freedom House |date=2014 |title=Freedom in the World 2014 |url=https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FIW2014%20Booklet.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2014&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Freedom House |author-link=Freedom House |date=2015 |title=Freedom in the World 2015 |url=https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/01152015_FIW_2015_final.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2015
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2016
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2017
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2018
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2019
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2020
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2021
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2022
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |2023
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |7
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Not Free
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
|}
|}

== International treaties ==
International human rights treaties dat Somalia dey sign or ratify include:
{| class=&quot;wikitable collapsible collapsed&quot; style=&quot;border:none; &quot;
!International treaties
|-
|
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse:collapse;&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
|- style=&quot;background:#eee; font-weight:bold; text-align:center;&quot;
|Treaty
|Organization
|Introduced
|Signed
|Ratified
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#99f; align=left&quot; |Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 1. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Paris, 9 December 1948 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-1&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020233944/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-1&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2012-10-20 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |[[United Nations]]
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |1948
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#9f9; align=left&quot; |International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 2. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. New York, 7 March 1966 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-2&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211223019/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-2&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=11 February 2011 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1966
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1971
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#9f9; align=left&quot; |International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 3. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York, 16 December 1966 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-3&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917040858/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-3&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=17 September 2012 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1966
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1967
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1975
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#9f9; align=left&quot; |International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 4. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, 16 December 1966 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-4&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901184638/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-4&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2010-09-01 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1966
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1990
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#9f9; align=left&quot; |First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 5. Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, 16 December 1966 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-5&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324125027/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-5&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2019-03-24 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1966
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1990
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#99f; align=left&quot; |Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 6. Convention on the non-applicability of statutory limitations to war crimes and crimes against humanity. New York, 26 November 1968 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-6&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116072232/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-6&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2018-11-16 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |1968
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#9f9; align=left&quot; |International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 7. International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid. New York, 30 November 1973 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-7&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718122932/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-7&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2012-07-18 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1973
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1974
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1975
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#99f; align=left&quot; |Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 8. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. New York, 18 December 1979 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-8&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120823144158/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-8&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=23 August 2012 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |1979
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#9f9; align=left&quot; |Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 9. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. New York, 10 December 1984 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-9&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108052518/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-9&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=8 November 2010 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1984
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot; |1990
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#ff9; align=left&quot; |Convention on the Rights of the Child&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 11&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11. Convention on the Rights of the Child. New York, 20 November 1989 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-11&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211151110/https://treaties.un.org/pages/viewdetails.aspx?src=treaty&amp;mtdsg_no=iv-11&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2014-02-11 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ff9;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#ff9;&quot; |1989
| style=&quot;background:#ff9;&quot; |2002
| style=&quot;background:#ff9;&quot; |2015
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#99f; align=left&quot; |Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 12. Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. New York, 15 December 1989 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-12&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020234014/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-12&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2012-10-20 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |1989
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#99f; align=left&quot; |International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 13&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 13. International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families. New York, 18 December 1990 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-13&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825222904/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-13&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=25 August 2012 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |1990
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#99f; align=left&quot; |Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 8b&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 8b. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. New York, 6 October 1999 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-8-b&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520040105/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-8-b&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2011-05-20 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |1999
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#ff9; align=left&quot; |Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 11b&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11b. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. New York, 25 May 2000 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-11-b&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425032942/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-11-b&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2016-04-25 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ff9;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#ff9;&quot; |2000
| style=&quot;background:#ff9;&quot; |2005
| style=&quot;background:#ff9;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#99f; align=left&quot; |Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 11c&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11c. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. New York, 25 May 2000 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-11-c&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213004558/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-11-c&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2013-12-13 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |2000
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#99f; align=left&quot; |Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 15&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 15. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. New York, 13 December 2006 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-15&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819033725/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-15&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=19 August 2012 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |2006
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#99f; align=left&quot; |Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 15a&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 15a. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. New York, 13 December 2006 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-15-a&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113202037/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-15-a&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2016-01-13 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |2006
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#99f; align=left&quot; |International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 16. International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance. New York, 20 December 2006 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-16&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717085558/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-16&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2019-07-17 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |2006
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#99f; align=left&quot; |Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 3a&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 3a. Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York, 10 December 2008 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-3-a&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718111116/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-3-a&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2012-07-18 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |2008
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#99f; align=left&quot; |Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a Communications Procedure&lt;ref name=&quot;UN 11d&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11d. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure . New York, 19 December 2011. New York, 10 December 2008 |url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-11-d&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825214748/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-11-d&amp;chapter=4&amp;lang=en |archive-date=25 August 2012 |access-date=2012-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |United Nations
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |2011
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; | -
|}
|}

== Notes ==

: 1.  Note that the &quot;Year&quot; signifies the &quot;Year covered&quot;. Therefore the information for the year marked 2008 is from the report published in 2009, and so on.
: 2. &lt;span class=&quot;citation wikicite&quot; id=&quot;endnote_c&quot;&gt;'''^'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;The 1982 report covers the year 1981 and the first half of 1982, and the following 1984 report covers the second half of 1982 and the whole of 1983. In the interest of simplicity, these two aberrant &quot;year and a half&quot; reports have been split into three year-long reports through extrapolation.

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

==External links==
{{Commons}}
*[http://blog.unwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/Somalia-Resolution.pdf Assistance to Somalia in the Field of Human Rights]

[[Category:Human rights insyd Somalia| ]]
[[Category:Government of Somalia]]
[[Category:Society of Somalia]]
[[Category:Law of Somalia]]</text>
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    <title>Elizabeth Warren</title>
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      <comment>Make sum corrections</comment>
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'''Elizabeth Ann Warren''' (née '''Herring'''; born June 22, 1949) be an American politician den former law professor wey be de senior United States senator from de state of Massachusetts, wey she serve since 2013. A member of de Democratic Party wey dem regard as a progressive,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/where-bernie-sanders-elizabeth-warren-disagree-on-progressive-policy-2019-11|title=Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren are the 2020 progressive standard-bearers. Here's where they disagree on policy| last=Relman|first=Eliza| last2=Gal | first2=Shayanne | website=Business Insider|access-date=March 4, 2020|archive-date=March 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304070939/https://www.businessinsider.com/where-bernie-sanders-elizabeth-warren-disagree-on-progressive-policy-2019-11|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Warren focus on consumer protection, equitable economic opportunity, den de social safety net while insyd de Senate. Warren be a candidate insyd de 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, ultimately she fini third after Joe Biden den Bernie Sanders.

Dem born den raise am insyd Oklahoma, Warren be a graduate of de University of Houston den Rutgers Law School. She teach law at several universities, wey dey include de University of Houston, de University of Texas at Austin, de University of Pennsylvania, den Harvard University, plus expertise insyd bankruptcy den commercial law. Warren wrep 12 books den more dan 100 articles.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Elizabeth Warren |url=https://hls.harvard.edu/faculty/directory/10935/Warren/publications |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221051744/https://hls.harvard.edu/faculty/directory/10935/Warren/publications |archive-date=February 21, 2020 |access-date=February 13, 2020 |publisher=Harvard Law School}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;eleven2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=April 18, 2017|first=Hillel|last=Italie|title=US Sen. Elizabeth Warren launches book tour|access-date=November 16, 2017|website=[[The Seattle Times]]|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/nation-politics/us-sen-elizabeth-warren-launches-book-tour/|archive-date=November 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117123241/https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/nation-politics/us-sen-elizabeth-warren-launches-book-tour/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Lerer|first=Lisa|date=May 1, 2021|title=Elizabeth Warren Grapples with Presidential Loss in New Book|work=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Warren ein first foray into public policy begin insyd 1995, wen she work to oppose wat eventually cam be a 2005 act restricting bankruptcy access for individuals.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 11, 2019 |title=14 Years Ago, Warren And Biden Battled Over Bankruptcy. Their Fight Still Defines A Party Rift |url=https://www.wbur.org/news/2019/05/21/warren-biden-bankruptcy-bill-democrats |access-date=August 3, 2021 |website=www.wbur.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Meyer |first=Theodoric |date=March 12, 2019 |title=Inside Biden and Warren's Yearslong Feud |url=https://politi.co/2TBuQmD |access-date=August 3, 2021 |website=Politico Magazine |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; During de late 2000s, ein national profile grow after ein forceful public stances in favor of more stringent banking regulations after de 2008 financial crisis. She serve as chair of de Congressional Oversight Panel of de Troubled Asset Relief Program, wey she propose den establish de Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, for wich she serve as de first special advisor under President Barack Obama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Warren – |first=Elizabeth |date=May 24, 2011 |title=Testimony of Elizabeth Warren Before the Subcommittee on TARP, Financial Services, and Bailouts of Public and Private Programs |url=https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/newsroom/testimony-of-elizabeth-warren-before-the-subcommittee-on-tarp-financial-services-and-bailouts-of-public-and-private-programs/ |access-date=August 3, 2021 |website=Consumer Financial Protection Bureau |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Insyd 2012, Warren defeat incumbent Republican Scott Brown wey she cam be de first female U.S. senator from Massachusetts.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gabbatt |first=Adam |date=November 7, 2012 |title=Elizabeth Warren defeats Scott Brown in Massachusetts Senate race |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/nov/07/elizabeth-warren-scott-brown-massachusetts-results |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523140447/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/nov/07/elizabeth-warren-scott-brown-massachusetts-results |archive-date=May 23, 2014 |access-date=June 11, 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dem reelect am by a wide margin insyd 2018, wey she defeat Republican nominee Geoff Diehl.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=LeBlanc |first=Steve |date=November 7, 2018 |title=Sen. Warren wins re-election, promptly rips into Trump |url=https://apnews.com/article/7d7f1849c6b443dcbbfc08e87f032506 |access-date=August 3, 2021 |website=AP News}}&lt;/ref&gt; On February 9, 2019, Warren announce ein candidacy insyd de 2020 United States presidential election.&lt;ref name=&quot;CNNkickoff&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/09/politics/elizabeth-warren-campaign-kickoff-massachusetts/index.html|title=Elizabeth Warren kicks off presidential campaign with challenge to super-wealthy – and other Democrats|first1=MJ|last1=Lee|first2=Gregory|last2=Krieg|date=February 9, 2019|publisher=[[CNN]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101171408/https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/09/politics/elizabeth-warren-campaign-kickoff-massachusetts/index.html|archive-date=January 1, 2020|access-date=February 9, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; She be briefly consider de front-runner for de Democratic nomination in late 2019, buh support give ein campaign dwindle. She withdraw from de race on March 5, 2020, after Super Tuesday.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 5, 2020 |title=Warren ends 2020 presidential bid after Super Tuesday rout |url=https://www.wdtn.com/news/your-local-election-hq/warren-ends-2020-presidential-bid-after-super-tuesday-rout/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306161033/https://www.wdtn.com/news/your-local-election-hq/warren-ends-2020-presidential-bid-after-super-tuesday-rout/ |archive-date=March 6, 2020 |access-date=March 6, 2020 |publisher=[[WDTN]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dem reelect am to a third Senate term insyd 2024 against Republican nominee John Deaton.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Warren beats John Deaton, securing third US Senate term |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2024/11/05/metro/warren-wins-massachusetts-senate-reelection-2/ |access-date=November 7, 2024 |website=The Boston Globe |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 5, 2024 |title=Massachusetts Democrat Elizabeth Warren wins third term in US Senate |url=https://apnews.com/article/senate-election-warren-deaton-massachusetts-c588a6362c155012fcbce17478c112f6 |access-date=November 7, 2024 |website=AP News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Read further ==
{{Library resources box|about=yes|by=no}}

* Felix, Antonia. ''Elizabeth Warren: Her Fight, Her Work, Her life''. Naperville, Ill.: Sourcebooks, 2018. {{ISBN|1-4926-6528-2}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Lizza|first=Ryan|date=May 4, 2015|title=The virtual candidate: Elizabeth Warren isn't running, but she's Hillary Clinton's biggest Democratic threat|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/05/04/the-virtual-candidate|department=Profiles|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|volume=91|issue=11|pages=34–45|access-date=July 1, 2015}}
* {{cite web |last=Lopez |first=Linette |date=July 11, 2013 |title=Elizabeth Warren Introducing a Bill That Would Be Wall Street's Worst Nightmare |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/warren-bill-to-bring-back-glass-steagall-2013-7 |access-date=September 21, 2019 |work=[[Business Insider]]}}</text>
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        <id>9</id>
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      <comment>Improve article</comment>
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'''Elizabeth Ann Warren''' (née '''Herring'''; born June 22, 1949) be an American politician den former law professor wey be de senior United States senator from de state of Massachusetts, wey she serve since 2013. A member of de Democratic Party wey dem regard as a progressive,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/where-bernie-sanders-elizabeth-warren-disagree-on-progressive-policy-2019-11|title=Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren are the 2020 progressive standard-bearers. Here's where they disagree on policy| last=Relman|first=Eliza| last2=Gal | first2=Shayanne | website=Business Insider|access-date=March 4, 2020|archive-date=March 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304070939/https://www.businessinsider.com/where-bernie-sanders-elizabeth-warren-disagree-on-progressive-policy-2019-11|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Warren focus on consumer protection, equitable economic opportunity, den de social safety net while insyd de Senate. Warren be a candidate insyd de 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, ultimately she fini third after Joe Biden den Bernie Sanders.

Dem born den raise am insyd Oklahoma, Warren be a graduate of de University of Houston den Rutgers Law School. She teach law at several universities, wey dey include de University of Houston, de University of Texas at Austin, de University of Pennsylvania, den Harvard University, plus expertise insyd bankruptcy den commercial law. Warren wrep 12 books den more dan 100 articles.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Elizabeth Warren |url=https://hls.harvard.edu/faculty/directory/10935/Warren/publications |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221051744/https://hls.harvard.edu/faculty/directory/10935/Warren/publications |archive-date=February 21, 2020 |access-date=February 13, 2020 |publisher=Harvard Law School}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;eleven2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=April 18, 2017|first=Hillel|last=Italie|title=US Sen. Elizabeth Warren launches book tour|access-date=November 16, 2017|website=[[The Seattle Times]]|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/nation-politics/us-sen-elizabeth-warren-launches-book-tour/|archive-date=November 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117123241/https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/nation-politics/us-sen-elizabeth-warren-launches-book-tour/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Lerer|first=Lisa|date=May 1, 2021|title=Elizabeth Warren Grapples with Presidential Loss in New Book|work=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Warren ein first foray into public policy begin insyd 1995, wen she work to oppose wat eventually cam be a 2005 act restricting bankruptcy access for individuals.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 11, 2019 |title=14 Years Ago, Warren And Biden Battled Over Bankruptcy. Their Fight Still Defines A Party Rift |url=https://www.wbur.org/news/2019/05/21/warren-biden-bankruptcy-bill-democrats |access-date=August 3, 2021 |website=www.wbur.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Meyer |first=Theodoric |date=March 12, 2019 |title=Inside Biden and Warren's Yearslong Feud |url=https://politi.co/2TBuQmD |access-date=August 3, 2021 |website=Politico Magazine |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; During de late 2000s, ein national profile grow after ein forceful public stances in favor of more stringent banking regulations after de 2008 financial crisis. She serve as chair of de Congressional Oversight Panel of de Troubled Asset Relief Program, wey she propose den establish de Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, for wich she serve as de first special advisor under President Barack Obama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Warren – |first=Elizabeth |date=May 24, 2011 |title=Testimony of Elizabeth Warren Before the Subcommittee on TARP, Financial Services, and Bailouts of Public and Private Programs |url=https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/newsroom/testimony-of-elizabeth-warren-before-the-subcommittee-on-tarp-financial-services-and-bailouts-of-public-and-private-programs/ |access-date=August 3, 2021 |website=Consumer Financial Protection Bureau |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Insyd 2012, Warren defeat incumbent Republican Scott Brown wey she cam be de first female U.S. senator from Massachusetts.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gabbatt |first=Adam |date=November 7, 2012 |title=Elizabeth Warren defeats Scott Brown in Massachusetts Senate race |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/nov/07/elizabeth-warren-scott-brown-massachusetts-results |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523140447/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/nov/07/elizabeth-warren-scott-brown-massachusetts-results |archive-date=May 23, 2014 |access-date=June 11, 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dem reelect am by a wide margin insyd 2018, wey she defeat Republican nominee Geoff Diehl.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=LeBlanc |first=Steve |date=November 7, 2018 |title=Sen. Warren wins re-election, promptly rips into Trump |url=https://apnews.com/article/7d7f1849c6b443dcbbfc08e87f032506 |access-date=August 3, 2021 |website=AP News}}&lt;/ref&gt; On February 9, 2019, Warren announce ein candidacy insyd de 2020 United States presidential election.&lt;ref name=&quot;CNNkickoff&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/09/politics/elizabeth-warren-campaign-kickoff-massachusetts/index.html|title=Elizabeth Warren kicks off presidential campaign with challenge to super-wealthy – and other Democrats|first1=MJ|last1=Lee|first2=Gregory|last2=Krieg|date=February 9, 2019|publisher=[[CNN]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101171408/https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/09/politics/elizabeth-warren-campaign-kickoff-massachusetts/index.html|archive-date=January 1, 2020|access-date=February 9, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; She be briefly consider de front-runner for de Democratic nomination in late 2019, buh support give ein campaign dwindle. She withdraw from de race on March 5, 2020, after Super Tuesday.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 5, 2020 |title=Warren ends 2020 presidential bid after Super Tuesday rout |url=https://www.wdtn.com/news/your-local-election-hq/warren-ends-2020-presidential-bid-after-super-tuesday-rout/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306161033/https://www.wdtn.com/news/your-local-election-hq/warren-ends-2020-presidential-bid-after-super-tuesday-rout/ |archive-date=March 6, 2020 |access-date=March 6, 2020 |publisher=[[WDTN]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dem reelect am to a third Senate term insyd 2024 against Republican nominee John Deaton.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Warren beats John Deaton, securing third US Senate term |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2024/11/05/metro/warren-wins-massachusetts-senate-reelection-2/ |access-date=November 7, 2024 |website=The Boston Globe |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 5, 2024 |title=Massachusetts Democrat Elizabeth Warren wins third term in US Senate |url=https://apnews.com/article/senate-election-warren-deaton-massachusetts-c588a6362c155012fcbce17478c112f6 |access-date=November 7, 2024 |website=AP News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Read further ==
{{Library resources box|about=yes|by=no}}

* Felix, Antonia. ''Elizabeth Warren: Her Fight, Her Work, Her life''. Naperville, Ill.: Sourcebooks, 2018. {{ISBN|1-4926-6528-2}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Lizza|first=Ryan|date=May 4, 2015|title=The virtual candidate: Elizabeth Warren isn't running, but she's Hillary Clinton's biggest Democratic threat|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/05/04/the-virtual-candidate|department=Profiles|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|volume=91|issue=11|pages=34–45|access-date=July 1, 2015}}
* {{cite web |last=Lopez |first=Linette |date=July 11, 2013 |title=Elizabeth Warren Introducing a Bill That Would Be Wall Street's Worst Nightmare |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/warren-bill-to-bring-back-glass-steagall-2013-7 |access-date=September 21, 2019 |work=[[Business Insider]]}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|wikt=no|b=no|commons=Category:Elizabeth Warren|v=no |d=Q434706}}
* [https://www.warren.senate.gov/ U.S. Senate website]
* [https://www.elizabethwarren.com/ Campaign website]

* [https://www.politifact.com/personalities/elizabeth-warren/ Elizabeth Warren's file] at [[PolitiFact]]
{{Authority control}}</text>
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      <comment>Add categories</comment>
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'''Elizabeth Ann Warren''' (née '''Herring'''; born June 22, 1949) be an American politician den former law professor wey be de senior United States senator from de state of Massachusetts, wey she serve since 2013. A member of de Democratic Party wey dem regard as a progressive,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/where-bernie-sanders-elizabeth-warren-disagree-on-progressive-policy-2019-11|title=Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren are the 2020 progressive standard-bearers. Here's where they disagree on policy| last=Relman|first=Eliza| last2=Gal | first2=Shayanne | website=Business Insider|access-date=March 4, 2020|archive-date=March 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304070939/https://www.businessinsider.com/where-bernie-sanders-elizabeth-warren-disagree-on-progressive-policy-2019-11|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Warren focus on consumer protection, equitable economic opportunity, den de social safety net while insyd de Senate. Warren be a candidate insyd de 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, ultimately she fini third after Joe Biden den Bernie Sanders.

Dem born den raise am insyd Oklahoma, Warren be a graduate of de University of Houston den Rutgers Law School. She teach law at several universities, wey dey include de University of Houston, de University of Texas at Austin, de University of Pennsylvania, den Harvard University, plus expertise insyd bankruptcy den commercial law. Warren wrep 12 books den more dan 100 articles.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Elizabeth Warren |url=https://hls.harvard.edu/faculty/directory/10935/Warren/publications |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221051744/https://hls.harvard.edu/faculty/directory/10935/Warren/publications |archive-date=February 21, 2020 |access-date=February 13, 2020 |publisher=Harvard Law School}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;eleven2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=April 18, 2017|first=Hillel|last=Italie|title=US Sen. Elizabeth Warren launches book tour|access-date=November 16, 2017|website=[[The Seattle Times]]|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/nation-politics/us-sen-elizabeth-warren-launches-book-tour/|archive-date=November 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117123241/https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/nation-politics/us-sen-elizabeth-warren-launches-book-tour/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Lerer|first=Lisa|date=May 1, 2021|title=Elizabeth Warren Grapples with Presidential Loss in New Book|work=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Warren ein first foray into public policy begin insyd 1995, wen she work to oppose wat eventually cam be a 2005 act restricting bankruptcy access for individuals.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 11, 2019 |title=14 Years Ago, Warren And Biden Battled Over Bankruptcy. Their Fight Still Defines A Party Rift |url=https://www.wbur.org/news/2019/05/21/warren-biden-bankruptcy-bill-democrats |access-date=August 3, 2021 |website=www.wbur.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Meyer |first=Theodoric |date=March 12, 2019 |title=Inside Biden and Warren's Yearslong Feud |url=https://politi.co/2TBuQmD |access-date=August 3, 2021 |website=Politico Magazine |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; During de late 2000s, ein national profile grow after ein forceful public stances in favor of more stringent banking regulations after de 2008 financial crisis. She serve as chair of de Congressional Oversight Panel of de Troubled Asset Relief Program, wey she propose den establish de Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, for wich she serve as de first special advisor under President Barack Obama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Warren – |first=Elizabeth |date=May 24, 2011 |title=Testimony of Elizabeth Warren Before the Subcommittee on TARP, Financial Services, and Bailouts of Public and Private Programs |url=https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/newsroom/testimony-of-elizabeth-warren-before-the-subcommittee-on-tarp-financial-services-and-bailouts-of-public-and-private-programs/ |access-date=August 3, 2021 |website=Consumer Financial Protection Bureau |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Insyd 2012, Warren defeat incumbent Republican Scott Brown wey she cam be de first female U.S. senator from Massachusetts.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gabbatt |first=Adam |date=November 7, 2012 |title=Elizabeth Warren defeats Scott Brown in Massachusetts Senate race |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/nov/07/elizabeth-warren-scott-brown-massachusetts-results |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523140447/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/nov/07/elizabeth-warren-scott-brown-massachusetts-results |archive-date=May 23, 2014 |access-date=June 11, 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dem reelect am by a wide margin insyd 2018, wey she defeat Republican nominee Geoff Diehl.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=LeBlanc |first=Steve |date=November 7, 2018 |title=Sen. Warren wins re-election, promptly rips into Trump |url=https://apnews.com/article/7d7f1849c6b443dcbbfc08e87f032506 |access-date=August 3, 2021 |website=AP News}}&lt;/ref&gt; On February 9, 2019, Warren announce ein candidacy insyd de 2020 United States presidential election.&lt;ref name=&quot;CNNkickoff&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/09/politics/elizabeth-warren-campaign-kickoff-massachusetts/index.html|title=Elizabeth Warren kicks off presidential campaign with challenge to super-wealthy – and other Democrats|first1=MJ|last1=Lee|first2=Gregory|last2=Krieg|date=February 9, 2019|publisher=[[CNN]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101171408/https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/09/politics/elizabeth-warren-campaign-kickoff-massachusetts/index.html|archive-date=January 1, 2020|access-date=February 9, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; She be briefly consider de front-runner for de Democratic nomination in late 2019, buh support give ein campaign dwindle. She withdraw from de race on March 5, 2020, after Super Tuesday.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 5, 2020 |title=Warren ends 2020 presidential bid after Super Tuesday rout |url=https://www.wdtn.com/news/your-local-election-hq/warren-ends-2020-presidential-bid-after-super-tuesday-rout/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306161033/https://www.wdtn.com/news/your-local-election-hq/warren-ends-2020-presidential-bid-after-super-tuesday-rout/ |archive-date=March 6, 2020 |access-date=March 6, 2020 |publisher=[[WDTN]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dem reelect am to a third Senate term insyd 2024 against Republican nominee John Deaton.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Warren beats John Deaton, securing third US Senate term |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2024/11/05/metro/warren-wins-massachusetts-senate-reelection-2/ |access-date=November 7, 2024 |website=The Boston Globe |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 5, 2024 |title=Massachusetts Democrat Elizabeth Warren wins third term in US Senate |url=https://apnews.com/article/senate-election-warren-deaton-massachusetts-c588a6362c155012fcbce17478c112f6 |access-date=November 7, 2024 |website=AP News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Read further ==
{{Library resources box|about=yes|by=no}}

* Felix, Antonia. ''Elizabeth Warren: Her Fight, Her Work, Her life''. Naperville, Ill.: Sourcebooks, 2018. {{ISBN|1-4926-6528-2}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Lizza|first=Ryan|date=May 4, 2015|title=The virtual candidate: Elizabeth Warren isn't running, but she's Hillary Clinton's biggest Democratic threat|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/05/04/the-virtual-candidate|department=Profiles|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|volume=91|issue=11|pages=34–45|access-date=July 1, 2015}}
* {{cite web |last=Lopez |first=Linette |date=July 11, 2013 |title=Elizabeth Warren Introducing a Bill That Would Be Wall Street's Worst Nightmare |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/warren-bill-to-bring-back-glass-steagall-2013-7 |access-date=September 21, 2019 |work=[[Business Insider]]}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|wikt=no|b=no|commons=Category:Elizabeth Warren|v=no |d=Q434706}}
* [https://www.warren.senate.gov/ U.S. Senate website]
* [https://www.elizabethwarren.com/ Campaign website]

* [https://www.politifact.com/personalities/elizabeth-warren/ Elizabeth Warren's file] at PolitiFact
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Warren, Elizabeth}}
[[Category:Elizabeth Warren|*]]
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:21st-century American women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century United States senators]]
[[Category:American legal scholars]]
[[Category:American Methodists]]
[[Category:American people of German descent]]
[[Category:American people wey self-identify as being of Cherokee descent]]
[[Category:American women academics]]
[[Category:American women lawyers]]
[[Category:American women legal scholars]]
[[Category:Articles wey dey contain video clips]]
[[Category:Candidates insyd de 2020 United States presidential election]]
[[Category:Competitive debaters]]
[[Category:Democratic Party United States senators wey komot Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Fellows of de American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
[[Category:Female candidates for President of de United States]]
[[Category:Female United States senators]]
[[Category:Harvard Law School faculty]]
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Democrats]]
[[Category:Members of de American Law Institute]]
[[Category:Methodists wey komot Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Native American-related controversies]]
[[Category:Northwest Classen High School alumni]]
[[Category:People of de Consumer Financial Protection Bureau]]
[[Category:Politicians wey komot Cambridge, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Politicians wey komot Oklahoma City]]
[[Category:Progressivism insyd de United States]]
[[Category:Rutgers School of Law–Newark alumni]]
[[Category:Rutgers School of Law–Newark faculty]]
[[Category:University of Houston alumni]]
[[Category:University of Houston faculty]]
[[Category:University of Michigan Law School faculty]]
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania Law School faculty]]
[[Category:University of Texas School of Law faculty]]
[[Category:Women insyd Massachusetts politics]]
[[Category:American anti-racism activists]]</text>
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    <title>Erica Ntiamoah Mensah</title>
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      <comment>Make sum corrections</comment>
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'''Erica Maame Abena Pomaa Ntiamoah Mensah''' be a Ghanaian medical doctor insyd obstetrics den gynaecology&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Meet Our Doctors {{!}} UQ SPECIALIST MEDICAL CENTRE |url=https://www.uqhospital.com/meet-our-doctors |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=uqmedicals |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; resident wey gain national recognition insyd 2021 as de youngest female medical doctor insyd [[Ghana]] at de age of 21.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-03-11 |title=Meet Erica Ntiamoah Mensah: The youngest female medical doctor in Ghana |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Meet-Erica-Ntiamoah-Mensah-The-youngest-female-medical-doctor-in-Ghana-1728836?audio=1 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241219051426/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Meet-Erica-Ntiamoah-Mensah-The-youngest-female-medical-doctor-in-Ghana-1728836?audio=1 |archive-date=2024-12-19 |access-date=2026-03-24 |work=GhanaWeb |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Larnyoh |first=Magdalene |date=2025-11-14 |title=Meet the Ntiamoah Mensahs: Father and His Two Children Who Are All Doctors - YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/294661-meet-ntiamoah-mensahs-father-children-doctors/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She be known for ein advocacy for women's health den assisted reproductive technology.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-11-14 |title=Dr Erica Ntiamoah Mensah; medical doctor at 21 |url=https://graphiconline.com/lifestyle/dr-erica-ntiamoah-mensah-medical-doctor-at-21.html |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Botchway |first=Stella |date=2024-03-26 |title=The Youngest Ghanaian Female Doctor Advocating for Women's Health |url=https://www.viceversaglobal.com/the-youngest-ghanaian-female-doctor-advocating-for-womens-health/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=Vice Versa Global |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== How She Start Life and Book Wey She Learn ==
Dem born Dr. Erica give Dr. Eric Ntiamoah Mensah, na be prominent women's health advocate and founder of CPF Medical Unit&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Eric Ntiamoah Mensah: Doctor of faith healer |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/166109/eric-ntiamoah-mensah-doctor-of-faith-healer.html |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. She start her early education for CPF Baby College for Achimota, and she further go Mary Mother of Good Counsel School for West Airport, Accra&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. She finish her junior high school for Ridge Church School for Accra.

She go [[Achimota School]] for her secondary education, na be well-known institution for Accra, before she gain admission to Accra College of Medicine, wey be private medical school&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.

For 2021, at di age of 21, she graduate from medical school&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Crabbe |first=Nathaniel |date=2021-11-14 |title=Erica Mensah: Ghanaian Lady Becomes Medical Doctor at 21 - YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/education/197711-dr-erica-mensah-ghanaian-lady-becomes-medical-doctor-21/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Asare |first=Edward |date=2021-11-17 |title=Medical Doctor at 21: Meet Erica Ntiamoah Mensah |url=https://edwardasare.com/medical-doctor-at-21-meet-erica-ntiamoah-mensah/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=EdwardAsare - Digital Marketer {{!}} PR{{!}} Blogger {{!}} News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;, wey make her become di youngest female medical doctor for Ghana at dat time&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Dem usher her into di medical profession with congratulatory message from di eminent paediatric surgeon, Professor Afua Hesse&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.

== Work Wey She Dey Do ==
After she graduate, Dr. Erica Ntiamoah pursue to specialize for obstetrics and gynaecology. Right now, she be resident for Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

== Women's Health Advocacy ==
Dr. Mensah get strong interest for women's health and assisted reproductive technology , where she follow her father footsteps, Dr. Eric Ntiamoah Mensah, wey dem know well for his television program ''The Complete Woman'' , wey focus for women's healthcare and reproductive health issues&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;.

For 2021 interview with ''The Mirror'' , she talk say:&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Women suffer from plenty peculiar ailments and need attention and care. E be my aim to build on di foundation wey my father, wey also be medical doctor, don lay when e come to Women's Health Advocacy&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.&quot;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Family Mata ==
Dr. Erica Ntiamoah Mensah come from family of medical doctors. Her father, Dr. Eric Ntiamoah Mensah, be di founder of CPF Medical Unit, wey be private healthcare organization for Achimota, Accra&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;. Her younger brother, Dr. Pedro Ntiamoah Mensah , graduate from medical school for October 2026 at di age of 23, continuing di family medical legacy&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;. Together, di three form notable family of doctors for Ghana&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=News |first=Ghana |date=2025-11-14 |title=Father and His Two Children Who Are All Doctors |url=https://www.ghanamma.com/2025/11/14/father-and-his-two-children-who-are-all-doctors/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=Ghanamma.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Ghanaian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Obstetrics]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian women]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian people]]</text>
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'''Erica Maame Abena Pomaa Ntiamoah Mensah''' be a Ghanaian medical doctor insyd obstetrics den gynaecology&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Meet Our Doctors {{!}} UQ SPECIALIST MEDICAL CENTRE |url=https://www.uqhospital.com/meet-our-doctors |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=uqmedicals |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; resident wey gain national recognition insyd 2021 as de youngest female medical doctor insyd [[Ghana]] at de age of 21.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-03-11 |title=Meet Erica Ntiamoah Mensah: The youngest female medical doctor in Ghana |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Meet-Erica-Ntiamoah-Mensah-The-youngest-female-medical-doctor-in-Ghana-1728836?audio=1 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241219051426/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Meet-Erica-Ntiamoah-Mensah-The-youngest-female-medical-doctor-in-Ghana-1728836?audio=1 |archive-date=2024-12-19 |access-date=2026-03-24 |work=GhanaWeb |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Larnyoh |first=Magdalene |date=2025-11-14 |title=Meet the Ntiamoah Mensahs: Father and His Two Children Who Are All Doctors - YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/294661-meet-ntiamoah-mensahs-father-children-doctors/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She be known for ein advocacy for women's health den assisted reproductive technology.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-11-14 |title=Dr Erica Ntiamoah Mensah; medical doctor at 21 |url=https://graphiconline.com/lifestyle/dr-erica-ntiamoah-mensah-medical-doctor-at-21.html |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Botchway |first=Stella |date=2024-03-26 |title=The Youngest Ghanaian Female Doctor Advocating for Women's Health |url=https://www.viceversaglobal.com/the-youngest-ghanaian-female-doctor-advocating-for-womens-health/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=Vice Versa Global |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life den education ==
Dr. Eric Ntiamoah Mensah, a women's health advocate den founder of de CPF Medical Unit born Dr. Erica.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Eric Ntiamoah Mensah: Doctor of faith healer |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/166109/eric-ntiamoah-mensah-doctor-of-faith-healer.html |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She begin ein early education at CPF Baby College insyd Achimota wey she further go Mary Mother of Good Counsel School at West Airport, [[Accra]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; She plete ein junior high school education at de Ridge Church School insyd Accra.

She attend [[Achimota School]] for ein secondary education, a well known institution insyd Accra, before she gain admission to de Accra College of Medicine, a private medical school.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Insyd 2021, at de age of 21, she graduate from medical school,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Crabbe |first=Nathaniel |date=2021-11-14 |title=Erica Mensah: Ghanaian Lady Becomes Medical Doctor at 21 - YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/education/197711-dr-erica-mensah-ghanaian-lady-becomes-medical-doctor-21/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Asare |first=Edward |date=2021-11-17 |title=Medical Doctor at 21: Meet Erica Ntiamoah Mensah |url=https://edwardasare.com/medical-doctor-at-21-meet-erica-ntiamoah-mensah/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=EdwardAsare - Digital Marketer {{!}} PR{{!}} Blogger {{!}} News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; wey dey make am de youngest female medical doctor insyd Ghana at dat time.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Dem usher am into de medical profession plus a congratulatory message from de pediatric surgeon, Professor Afua Hesse.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Work Wey She Dey Do ==
After she graduate, Dr. Erica Ntiamoah pursue to specialize for obstetrics and gynaecology. Right now, she be resident for Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

== Women's Health Advocacy ==
Dr. Mensah get strong interest for women's health and assisted reproductive technology , where she follow her father footsteps, Dr. Eric Ntiamoah Mensah, wey dem know well for his television program ''The Complete Woman'' , wey focus for women's healthcare and reproductive health issues&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;.

For 2021 interview with ''The Mirror'' , she talk say:&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Women suffer from plenty peculiar ailments and need attention and care. E be my aim to build on di foundation wey my father, wey also be medical doctor, don lay when e come to Women's Health Advocacy&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.&quot;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Family Mata ==
Dr. Erica Ntiamoah Mensah come from family of medical doctors. Her father, Dr. Eric Ntiamoah Mensah, be di founder of CPF Medical Unit, wey be private healthcare organization for Achimota, Accra&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;. Her younger brother, Dr. Pedro Ntiamoah Mensah , graduate from medical school for October 2026 at di age of 23, continuing di family medical legacy&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;. Together, di three form notable family of doctors for Ghana&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=News |first=Ghana |date=2025-11-14 |title=Father and His Two Children Who Are All Doctors |url=https://www.ghanamma.com/2025/11/14/father-and-his-two-children-who-are-all-doctors/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=Ghanamma.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Ghanaian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Obstetrics]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian women]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian people]]</text>
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'''Erica Maame Abena Pomaa Ntiamoah Mensah''' be a Ghanaian medical doctor insyd obstetrics den gynaecology&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Meet Our Doctors {{!}} UQ SPECIALIST MEDICAL CENTRE |url=https://www.uqhospital.com/meet-our-doctors |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=uqmedicals |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; resident wey gain national recognition insyd 2021 as de youngest female medical doctor insyd [[Ghana]] at de age of 21.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-03-11 |title=Meet Erica Ntiamoah Mensah: The youngest female medical doctor in Ghana |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Meet-Erica-Ntiamoah-Mensah-The-youngest-female-medical-doctor-in-Ghana-1728836?audio=1 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241219051426/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Meet-Erica-Ntiamoah-Mensah-The-youngest-female-medical-doctor-in-Ghana-1728836?audio=1 |archive-date=2024-12-19 |access-date=2026-03-24 |work=GhanaWeb |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Larnyoh |first=Magdalene |date=2025-11-14 |title=Meet the Ntiamoah Mensahs: Father and His Two Children Who Are All Doctors - YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/294661-meet-ntiamoah-mensahs-father-children-doctors/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She be known for ein advocacy for women's health den assisted reproductive technology.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-11-14 |title=Dr Erica Ntiamoah Mensah; medical doctor at 21 |url=https://graphiconline.com/lifestyle/dr-erica-ntiamoah-mensah-medical-doctor-at-21.html |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Botchway |first=Stella |date=2024-03-26 |title=The Youngest Ghanaian Female Doctor Advocating for Women's Health |url=https://www.viceversaglobal.com/the-youngest-ghanaian-female-doctor-advocating-for-womens-health/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=Vice Versa Global |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life den education ==
Dr. Eric Ntiamoah Mensah, a women's health advocate den founder of de CPF Medical Unit born Dr. Erica.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Eric Ntiamoah Mensah: Doctor of faith healer |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/166109/eric-ntiamoah-mensah-doctor-of-faith-healer.html |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She begin ein early education at CPF Baby College insyd Achimota wey she further go Mary Mother of Good Counsel School at West Airport, [[Accra]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; She plete ein junior high school education at de Ridge Church School insyd Accra.

She attend [[Achimota School]] for ein secondary education, a well known institution insyd Accra, before she gain admission to de Accra College of Medicine, a private medical school.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Insyd 2021, at de age of 21, she graduate from medical school,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Crabbe |first=Nathaniel |date=2021-11-14 |title=Erica Mensah: Ghanaian Lady Becomes Medical Doctor at 21 - YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/education/197711-dr-erica-mensah-ghanaian-lady-becomes-medical-doctor-21/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Asare |first=Edward |date=2021-11-17 |title=Medical Doctor at 21: Meet Erica Ntiamoah Mensah |url=https://edwardasare.com/medical-doctor-at-21-meet-erica-ntiamoah-mensah/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=EdwardAsare - Digital Marketer {{!}} PR{{!}} Blogger {{!}} News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; wey dey make am de youngest female medical doctor insyd Ghana at dat time.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Dem usher am into de medical profession plus a congratulatory message from de pediatric surgeon, Professor Afua Hesse.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Career ==
After ein graduation, Dr. Ntiamoah Mensah pursue to specialize insyd obstetrics den gynaecology. She currently be a resident at de Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Women's Health Advocacy ==
Dr. Mensah get strong interest for women's health and assisted reproductive technology , where she follow her father footsteps, Dr. Eric Ntiamoah Mensah, wey dem know well for his television program ''The Complete Woman'' , wey focus for women's healthcare and reproductive health issues&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;.

For 2021 interview with ''The Mirror'' , she talk say:&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Women suffer from plenty peculiar ailments and need attention and care. E be my aim to build on di foundation wey my father, wey also be medical doctor, don lay when e come to Women's Health Advocacy&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.&quot;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Family Mata ==
Dr. Erica Ntiamoah Mensah come from family of medical doctors. Her father, Dr. Eric Ntiamoah Mensah, be di founder of CPF Medical Unit, wey be private healthcare organization for Achimota, Accra&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;. Her younger brother, Dr. Pedro Ntiamoah Mensah , graduate from medical school for October 2026 at di age of 23, continuing di family medical legacy&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;. Together, di three form notable family of doctors for Ghana&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=News |first=Ghana |date=2025-11-14 |title=Father and His Two Children Who Are All Doctors |url=https://www.ghanamma.com/2025/11/14/father-and-his-two-children-who-are-all-doctors/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=Ghanamma.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Ghanaian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Obstetrics]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian women]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian people]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>95989</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-03-30T17:23:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Women's Health Advocacy */ Make sum corrections</comment>
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      <text bytes="5546" sha1="raentbkdppfvi26haiyrebam9iry7i9" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Erica Maame Abena Pomaa Ntiamoah Mensah''' be a Ghanaian medical doctor insyd obstetrics den gynaecology&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Meet Our Doctors {{!}} UQ SPECIALIST MEDICAL CENTRE |url=https://www.uqhospital.com/meet-our-doctors |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=uqmedicals |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; resident wey gain national recognition insyd 2021 as de youngest female medical doctor insyd [[Ghana]] at de age of 21.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-03-11 |title=Meet Erica Ntiamoah Mensah: The youngest female medical doctor in Ghana |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Meet-Erica-Ntiamoah-Mensah-The-youngest-female-medical-doctor-in-Ghana-1728836?audio=1 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241219051426/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Meet-Erica-Ntiamoah-Mensah-The-youngest-female-medical-doctor-in-Ghana-1728836?audio=1 |archive-date=2024-12-19 |access-date=2026-03-24 |work=GhanaWeb |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Larnyoh |first=Magdalene |date=2025-11-14 |title=Meet the Ntiamoah Mensahs: Father and His Two Children Who Are All Doctors - YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/294661-meet-ntiamoah-mensahs-father-children-doctors/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She be known for ein advocacy for women's health den assisted reproductive technology.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-11-14 |title=Dr Erica Ntiamoah Mensah; medical doctor at 21 |url=https://graphiconline.com/lifestyle/dr-erica-ntiamoah-mensah-medical-doctor-at-21.html |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Botchway |first=Stella |date=2024-03-26 |title=The Youngest Ghanaian Female Doctor Advocating for Women's Health |url=https://www.viceversaglobal.com/the-youngest-ghanaian-female-doctor-advocating-for-womens-health/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=Vice Versa Global |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life den education ==
Dr. Eric Ntiamoah Mensah, a women's health advocate den founder of de CPF Medical Unit born Dr. Erica.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Eric Ntiamoah Mensah: Doctor of faith healer |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/166109/eric-ntiamoah-mensah-doctor-of-faith-healer.html |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She begin ein early education at CPF Baby College insyd Achimota wey she further go Mary Mother of Good Counsel School at West Airport, [[Accra]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; She plete ein junior high school education at de Ridge Church School insyd Accra.

She attend [[Achimota School]] for ein secondary education, a well known institution insyd Accra, before she gain admission to de Accra College of Medicine, a private medical school.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Insyd 2021, at de age of 21, she graduate from medical school,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Crabbe |first=Nathaniel |date=2021-11-14 |title=Erica Mensah: Ghanaian Lady Becomes Medical Doctor at 21 - YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/education/197711-dr-erica-mensah-ghanaian-lady-becomes-medical-doctor-21/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Asare |first=Edward |date=2021-11-17 |title=Medical Doctor at 21: Meet Erica Ntiamoah Mensah |url=https://edwardasare.com/medical-doctor-at-21-meet-erica-ntiamoah-mensah/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=EdwardAsare - Digital Marketer {{!}} PR{{!}} Blogger {{!}} News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; wey dey make am de youngest female medical doctor insyd Ghana at dat time.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Dem usher am into de medical profession plus a congratulatory message from de pediatric surgeon, Professor Afua Hesse.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Career ==
After ein graduation, Dr. Ntiamoah Mensah pursue to specialize insyd obstetrics den gynaecology. She currently be a resident at de Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Women's Health Advocacy ==
Dr. Ntiamoah Mensah express a strong interest insyd women's health den assisted reproductive technology, wer she follow ein poppie ein footsteps, Dr. Eric Ntiamoah Mensah, wey widely be known for ein television program ''The Complete Woman'', wich dey focus on women's healthcare den reproductive health issues.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Insyd a 2021 interview plus ''The Mirror'', she state: &quot;Women suffer from myraid of peculiar ailments and need attention and care. It is my aim to build on the foundation which my father, who is also a medical doctor, has laid when it comes to Women's Health Advocacy.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Family Mata ==
Dr. Erica Ntiamoah Mensah come from family of medical doctors. Her father, Dr. Eric Ntiamoah Mensah, be di founder of CPF Medical Unit, wey be private healthcare organization for Achimota, Accra&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;. Her younger brother, Dr. Pedro Ntiamoah Mensah , graduate from medical school for October 2026 at di age of 23, continuing di family medical legacy&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;. Together, di three form notable family of doctors for Ghana&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=News |first=Ghana |date=2025-11-14 |title=Father and His Two Children Who Are All Doctors |url=https://www.ghanamma.com/2025/11/14/father-and-his-two-children-who-are-all-doctors/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=Ghanamma.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Ghanaian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Obstetrics]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian women]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian people]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>95990</id>
      <parentid>95989</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T17:30:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Family legacy */ Make sum corrections</comment>
      <origin>95990</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5511" sha1="2wq10n63rpzct47vfnimxyyc9ibbcip" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Erica Maame Abena Pomaa Ntiamoah Mensah''' be a Ghanaian medical doctor insyd obstetrics den gynaecology&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Meet Our Doctors {{!}} UQ SPECIALIST MEDICAL CENTRE |url=https://www.uqhospital.com/meet-our-doctors |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=uqmedicals |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; resident wey gain national recognition insyd 2021 as de youngest female medical doctor insyd [[Ghana]] at de age of 21.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-03-11 |title=Meet Erica Ntiamoah Mensah: The youngest female medical doctor in Ghana |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Meet-Erica-Ntiamoah-Mensah-The-youngest-female-medical-doctor-in-Ghana-1728836?audio=1 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241219051426/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Meet-Erica-Ntiamoah-Mensah-The-youngest-female-medical-doctor-in-Ghana-1728836?audio=1 |archive-date=2024-12-19 |access-date=2026-03-24 |work=GhanaWeb |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Larnyoh |first=Magdalene |date=2025-11-14 |title=Meet the Ntiamoah Mensahs: Father and His Two Children Who Are All Doctors - YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/294661-meet-ntiamoah-mensahs-father-children-doctors/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She be known for ein advocacy for women's health den assisted reproductive technology.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-11-14 |title=Dr Erica Ntiamoah Mensah; medical doctor at 21 |url=https://graphiconline.com/lifestyle/dr-erica-ntiamoah-mensah-medical-doctor-at-21.html |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Botchway |first=Stella |date=2024-03-26 |title=The Youngest Ghanaian Female Doctor Advocating for Women's Health |url=https://www.viceversaglobal.com/the-youngest-ghanaian-female-doctor-advocating-for-womens-health/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=Vice Versa Global |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life den education ==
Dr. Eric Ntiamoah Mensah, a women's health advocate den founder of de CPF Medical Unit born Dr. Erica.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Eric Ntiamoah Mensah: Doctor of faith healer |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/166109/eric-ntiamoah-mensah-doctor-of-faith-healer.html |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She begin ein early education at CPF Baby College insyd Achimota wey she further go Mary Mother of Good Counsel School at West Airport, [[Accra]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; She plete ein junior high school education at de Ridge Church School insyd Accra.

She attend [[Achimota School]] for ein secondary education, a well known institution insyd Accra, before she gain admission to de Accra College of Medicine, a private medical school.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Insyd 2021, at de age of 21, she graduate from medical school,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Crabbe |first=Nathaniel |date=2021-11-14 |title=Erica Mensah: Ghanaian Lady Becomes Medical Doctor at 21 - YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/education/197711-dr-erica-mensah-ghanaian-lady-becomes-medical-doctor-21/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Asare |first=Edward |date=2021-11-17 |title=Medical Doctor at 21: Meet Erica Ntiamoah Mensah |url=https://edwardasare.com/medical-doctor-at-21-meet-erica-ntiamoah-mensah/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=EdwardAsare - Digital Marketer {{!}} PR{{!}} Blogger {{!}} News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; wey dey make am de youngest female medical doctor insyd Ghana at dat time.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Dem usher am into de medical profession plus a congratulatory message from de pediatric surgeon, Professor Afua Hesse.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Career ==
After ein graduation, Dr. Ntiamoah Mensah pursue to specialize insyd obstetrics den gynaecology. She currently be a resident at de Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Women's Health Advocacy ==
Dr. Ntiamoah Mensah express a strong interest insyd women's health den assisted reproductive technology, wer she follow ein poppie ein footsteps, Dr. Eric Ntiamoah Mensah, wey widely be known for ein television program ''The Complete Woman'', wich dey focus on women's healthcare den reproductive health issues.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Insyd a 2021 interview plus ''The Mirror'', she state: &quot;Women suffer from myraid of peculiar ailments and need attention and care. It is my aim to build on the foundation which my father, who is also a medical doctor, has laid when it comes to Women's Health Advocacy.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Family legacy ==
Dr. Erica Ntiamoah Mensah dey cam from a family of medical doctors. Ein poppie, Dr. Eric Ntiamoah Mensah, be de founder of de CPF Medical Unit, a private healthcare organization insyd Achimota, Accra.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ein younger bro, Dr. Pedro Ntiamoah Mensah, graduate from medical school at de age of 23, wey dey continue de family ein medical legacy.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Togeda, de three form a notable family of Ghanaian doctors.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-11-14|title=Father and His Two Children Who Are All Doctors|url=https://www.ghanamma.com/2025/11/14/father-and-his-two-children-who-are-all-doctors/|access-date=2026-03-24|website=Ghanamma.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Ghanaian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Obstetrics]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian women]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian people]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>95991</id>
      <parentid>95990</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T17:32:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add categories</comment>
      <origin>95991</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5636" sha1="krnj7i767iih5y4okquilxfr6f5md9o" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Erica Maame Abena Pomaa Ntiamoah Mensah''' be a Ghanaian medical doctor insyd obstetrics den gynaecology&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Meet Our Doctors {{!}} UQ SPECIALIST MEDICAL CENTRE |url=https://www.uqhospital.com/meet-our-doctors |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=uqmedicals |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; resident wey gain national recognition insyd 2021 as de youngest female medical doctor insyd [[Ghana]] at de age of 21.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-03-11 |title=Meet Erica Ntiamoah Mensah: The youngest female medical doctor in Ghana |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Meet-Erica-Ntiamoah-Mensah-The-youngest-female-medical-doctor-in-Ghana-1728836?audio=1 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241219051426/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Meet-Erica-Ntiamoah-Mensah-The-youngest-female-medical-doctor-in-Ghana-1728836?audio=1 |archive-date=2024-12-19 |access-date=2026-03-24 |work=GhanaWeb |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Larnyoh |first=Magdalene |date=2025-11-14 |title=Meet the Ntiamoah Mensahs: Father and His Two Children Who Are All Doctors - YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/294661-meet-ntiamoah-mensahs-father-children-doctors/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She be known for ein advocacy for women's health den assisted reproductive technology.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-11-14 |title=Dr Erica Ntiamoah Mensah; medical doctor at 21 |url=https://graphiconline.com/lifestyle/dr-erica-ntiamoah-mensah-medical-doctor-at-21.html |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Botchway |first=Stella |date=2024-03-26 |title=The Youngest Ghanaian Female Doctor Advocating for Women's Health |url=https://www.viceversaglobal.com/the-youngest-ghanaian-female-doctor-advocating-for-womens-health/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=Vice Versa Global |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life den education ==
Dr. Eric Ntiamoah Mensah, a women's health advocate den founder of de CPF Medical Unit born Dr. Erica.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Eric Ntiamoah Mensah: Doctor of faith healer |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/166109/eric-ntiamoah-mensah-doctor-of-faith-healer.html |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She begin ein early education at CPF Baby College insyd Achimota wey she further go Mary Mother of Good Counsel School at West Airport, [[Accra]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; She plete ein junior high school education at de Ridge Church School insyd Accra.

She attend [[Achimota School]] for ein secondary education, a well known institution insyd Accra, before she gain admission to de Accra College of Medicine, a private medical school.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Insyd 2021, at de age of 21, she graduate from medical school,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Crabbe |first=Nathaniel |date=2021-11-14 |title=Erica Mensah: Ghanaian Lady Becomes Medical Doctor at 21 - YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/education/197711-dr-erica-mensah-ghanaian-lady-becomes-medical-doctor-21/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Asare |first=Edward |date=2021-11-17 |title=Medical Doctor at 21: Meet Erica Ntiamoah Mensah |url=https://edwardasare.com/medical-doctor-at-21-meet-erica-ntiamoah-mensah/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=EdwardAsare - Digital Marketer {{!}} PR{{!}} Blogger {{!}} News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; wey dey make am de youngest female medical doctor insyd Ghana at dat time.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Dem usher am into de medical profession plus a congratulatory message from de pediatric surgeon, Professor Afua Hesse.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Career ==
After ein graduation, Dr. Ntiamoah Mensah pursue to specialize insyd obstetrics den gynaecology. She currently be a resident at de Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Women's Health Advocacy ==
Dr. Ntiamoah Mensah express a strong interest insyd women's health den assisted reproductive technology, wer she follow ein poppie ein footsteps, Dr. Eric Ntiamoah Mensah, wey widely be known for ein television program ''The Complete Woman'', wich dey focus on women's healthcare den reproductive health issues.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Insyd a 2021 interview plus ''The Mirror'', she state: &quot;Women suffer from myraid of peculiar ailments and need attention and care. It is my aim to build on the foundation which my father, who is also a medical doctor, has laid when it comes to Women's Health Advocacy.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Family legacy ==
Dr. Erica Ntiamoah Mensah dey cam from a family of medical doctors. Ein poppie, Dr. Eric Ntiamoah Mensah, be de founder of de CPF Medical Unit, a private healthcare organization insyd Achimota, Accra.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ein younger bro, Dr. Pedro Ntiamoah Mensah, graduate from medical school at de age of 23, wey dey continue de family ein medical legacy.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Togeda, de three form a notable family of Ghanaian doctors.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-11-14|title=Father and His Two Children Who Are All Doctors|url=https://www.ghanamma.com/2025/11/14/father-and-his-two-children-who-are-all-doctors/|access-date=2026-03-24|website=Ghanamma.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:Ghanaians]]
[[Category:Ghanaian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Obstetricians]]
[[Category:Gynaecologists]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian women]]
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian people]]
[[Category:Ridge Church School alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of Achimota School]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Olufunmilayo Olopade</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-03-30T16:39:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
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      <comment>Make sum corrections</comment>
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'''Olufunmilayo I. Olopade''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Olufunmilayo Olopade.wav|Listen|help=no}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, M.D., F.A.C.P., O.O.N. {{!}} Office of Research |url=https://www.vumc.org/oor/person/olufunmilayo-i-olopade-md-facp-oon |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=www.vumc.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; dem born insyd de year 1957,&lt;ref name=&quot;scientist20132&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/36681/title/Cancer-Knows-No-Borders/|work=The Scientist|title=Cancer Knows No Borders|last=Scudellari|first=Megan|date=August 1, 2013|access-date=September 27, 2013|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; be a Nigerian hematology oncologist, Associate Dean for Global Health and Walter L. Palmer, Distinguished Service Professor insyd Medicine den Human Genetics at de University of Chicago.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.uchospitals.edu/physicians/olufunmilayo-olopade.html|title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, MD, FACP|publisher=The University of Chicago Medicine|access-date=July 26, 2013|archive-date=October 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023091654/http://www.uchospitals.edu/physicians/olufunmilayo-olopade.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.genes.uchicago.edu/olopade.html|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade, Ph.D. Research &amp; Selected Publications|publisher=The University of Chicago Biological Sciences; Department of Human Genetics|access-date=July 27, 2013|archive-date=September 27, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927110550/http://www.genes.uchicago.edu/olopade.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; She sanso dey serve as director of de University of Chicago Hospital's Cancer Risk Clinic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-06-25 |title=Dr. Olufunmilayo Olopade: Closing Disparities Through Genetic Testing {{!}} Leading Discoveries Magazine |url=https://leadingdiscoveries.aacr.org/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-closing-disparities-through-genetic-testing/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Life ==
Olufunmilayo Olopade na Nigerian wey dem born for 1957, she be di fifth pikin out of six children wey [[:en:Anglicanism|Anglican]] musician born. 

She attend St Anne’s School for [[:en:Ibadan|Ibadan]] do her secondary school education. From small pikin age, Olopade first show say she wan be doctor, because for Nigerian villages doctors no plenty and medical resources scarce, but people dey need am well well.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/olopade-olufunmilayo-falusi Olopade, Olufunmilayo Falusi | Encyclopedia.com]&quot;. ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2020-05-29.&lt;/ref&gt;

She graduate from [[University of Ibadan]] for Nigeria with [[:en:Doctor_of_Medicine|MBBS]] for 1980.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://cancerbio.uchicago.edu/program/faculty/olufunmilayo-olopade Olufunmilayo Olopade | Committee on Cancer Biology]&quot;. ''cancerbio.uchicago.edu''. Retrieved 2020-05-29.&lt;/ref&gt;

She dey work close with [[:en:Breast_Cancer_Research_Foundation|the Breast Cancer Research Foundation]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20131002075700/http://www.bcrfcure.org/action_meetres_funmi.html Olufunmilayo Olopade, MD, FACP :: Profile]&quot;. The Breast Cancer Research Foundation. Archived from [http://www.bcrfcure.org/action_meetres_funmi.html the original] on October 2, 2013. Retrieved July 26, 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; and she don do plenty clinical research about how [[:en:BRCA1|BRCA1]] and [[:en:BRCA2|BRCA2]] genes dey affect breast cancer for women wey get African origin.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130705102631/http://www.asco.org/about-asco/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-receives-asco-acs-award-pioneering-research-breast-cancer Dr. Olufunmilayo Olopade Receives ASCO ACS Award for Pioneering Research in Breast Cancer Genetics]&quot;. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Archived from [http://www.asco.org/about-asco/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-receives-asco-acs-award-pioneering-research-breast-cancer the origina]l on July 5, 2013. Retrieved June 26, 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Scudellari, Megan (August 1, 2013). &quot;[http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/36681/title/Cancer-Knows-No-Borders/ Cancer Knows No Borders]&quot;. ''The Scientist''. Retrieved September 27, 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

She be member of [[:en:American_Association_for_Cancer_Research|the American Association for Cancer Research]], [[:en:American_College_of_Physicians|American College of Physicians]], [[:en:Nigerian_Medical_Association|the Nigerian Medical Association]], [[:en:American_Philosophical_Society|American Philosophical Society]], and [[:en:Institute_of_Medicine|Institute of Medicine]].

== Early Career ==
Olufunmilayo start her career for 1980 as medical officer for [[:en:Nigerian_Navy|Nigerian Navy]] Hospital. She move go US for 1983 and work for [[:en:John_H._Stroger_Jr._Hospital_of_Cook_County|Cook County Hospital]] for [[:en:Chicago|Chicago]] till 1987.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/culture-magazines/olopade-olufunmilayo Olopade, Olufunmilayo | Encyclopedia.com]&quot;. ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2020-03-31.&lt;/ref&gt; For 1991, Olufunmilayo join [[:en:University_of_Chicago|University of Chicago]] as assistant professor for hematology and oncology, Dean of Global Health, and Director for Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics for University of Chicago.&lt;ref&gt;Ojigbo, Solomon (2017-07-04). &quot;[https://www.pharmanewsonline.com/prof-olufunmilayo-olopade-pacesetter-and-game-changer-in-breast-cancer-treatment/ Prof. Olufunmilayo Olopade: Pacesetter and Game-changer In Breast Cancer Treatment]&quot;. ''Pharmanewsonline''. Retrieved 2020-06-11.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://cancerbio.uchicago.edu/program/faculty/olufunmilayo-olopade Olufunmilayo Olopade | Committee on Cancer Biology]&quot;. ''cancerbio.uchicago.edu''. Retrieved 2020-05-29.&lt;/ref&gt;

== MacArthur Fellows Program ==
Olufunmilayo Olopade na one of di three African-Americans wey collect di $500,000 award. Na John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation appoint di award. Dem call am “no strings attached” stipend grant wey fit support person for up to five years, and people dey refer to am as “[[:en:MacArthur_Fellows_Program|genius grant]].” Na dis grant give Olopade chance to continue her research on di groundbreaking discoveries wey she dey make about diseases and health concerns.

== Family ==
For 1983, she marry Christopher Sola Olopade wey also be [[:en:Physician|physician]] for University of Chicago. Dem get two daughters, one of dem na [[:en:Journalist|journalist]] [[:en:Dayo_Olopade|Dayo Olopade]], plus one son.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.notablebiographies.com/newsmakers2/2006-Le-Ra/Olopade-Olufunmilayo.html Olufunmilayo Olopade:Physician, oncologist and geneticist]&quot;. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Retrieved July 27, 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Research ==
Most of her research focus na on how people fit get cancer (susceptibility), so dem fit use dat knowledge take find better and more effective way to treat [[:en:Breast_cancer|breast cancer]] among African and African-American individuals and populations.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/culture-magazines/olopade-olufunmilayo Olopade, Olufunmilayo | Encyclopedia.com]&quot;. ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2020-03-31.&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1987, for University of Chicago, she discover one [[:en:Gene|gene]] wey dey help suppress tumor growth.

For 1992, Olopade help start University of Chicago Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics. Na there she discover say African-American women dey develop breast cancer for younger age pass white women.&lt;ref&gt;Olopade, Olufunmilayo I.; Falkson, Carla I. (2010-05-28). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=J4aqm3_v_3cC&amp;pg=PA24 Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent]''. Springer Science &amp; Business Media. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-3664-4|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-4020-3664-4&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

For 2003, she start new study wey dey look breast cancer and genetics for African women from Nigeria reach [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]], and also [[:en:African-American|African-American]] women for Chicago. By 2005, she discover say 80% of [[:en:Neoplasm|tumors]] for African women no need [[:en:Estrogen|estrogen]] to grow, compared to 20% of tumors for Caucasian women. She also find say na because of different gene expression pattern between African women and Caucasian women.&lt;ref&gt;Ikpatt, Offiong Francis; Olopade, Olufunmilayo I. (2006), Williams, Christopher Kwesi O.; Olopade, Olufunmilayo I.; Falkson, Carla I. (eds.), &quot;Genetics of Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent: An Overview&quot;, ''Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent'', Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 23–37, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-3664-4_2|10.1007/978-1-4020-3664-4_2]], ISBN 978-1-4020-3664-4&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==</text>
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      <id>95966</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-03-30T16:45:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Life */ Make sum corrections</comment>
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'''Olufunmilayo I. Olopade''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Olufunmilayo Olopade.wav|Listen|help=no}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, M.D., F.A.C.P., O.O.N. {{!}} Office of Research |url=https://www.vumc.org/oor/person/olufunmilayo-i-olopade-md-facp-oon |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=www.vumc.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; dem born insyd de year 1957,&lt;ref name=&quot;scientist20132&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/36681/title/Cancer-Knows-No-Borders/|work=The Scientist|title=Cancer Knows No Borders|last=Scudellari|first=Megan|date=August 1, 2013|access-date=September 27, 2013|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; be a Nigerian hematology oncologist, Associate Dean for Global Health and Walter L. Palmer, Distinguished Service Professor insyd Medicine den Human Genetics at de University of Chicago.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.uchospitals.edu/physicians/olufunmilayo-olopade.html|title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, MD, FACP|publisher=The University of Chicago Medicine|access-date=July 26, 2013|archive-date=October 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023091654/http://www.uchospitals.edu/physicians/olufunmilayo-olopade.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.genes.uchicago.edu/olopade.html|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade, Ph.D. Research &amp; Selected Publications|publisher=The University of Chicago Biological Sciences; Department of Human Genetics|access-date=July 27, 2013|archive-date=September 27, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927110550/http://www.genes.uchicago.edu/olopade.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; She sanso dey serve as director of de University of Chicago Hospital's Cancer Risk Clinic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-06-25 |title=Dr. Olufunmilayo Olopade: Closing Disparities Through Genetic Testing {{!}} Leading Discoveries Magazine |url=https://leadingdiscoveries.aacr.org/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-closing-disparities-through-genetic-testing/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Life ==
Dem born Olufunmilayo Olopade insyd Nigeria insyd 1957 wey she be de fifth of six kiddies dem born to an Anglican musician.

She attend St Anne's School insyd Ibadan for ein secondary school education. Olopade first express ein interest insyd make she cam be a doctor at a young age secof de Nigerian villages be scarce for doctors den medical resources wich be both insyd high demand.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Olopade, Olufunmilayo Falusi {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/olopade-olufunmilayo-falusi|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

She graduate from de [[University of Ibadan]] insyd Nigeria plus an MBBS insyd 1980.&lt;ref name=&quot;cancerbio.uchicago.edu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade {{!}} Committee on Cancer Biology|url=https://cancerbio.uchicago.edu/program/faculty/olufunmilayo-olopade|website=cancerbio.uchicago.edu|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

She dey work closely plus de Breast Cancer Research Foundation&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bcrfcure.org/action_meetres_funmi.html|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade, MD, FACP :: Profile|publisher=The Breast Cancer Research Foundation|access-date=July 26, 2013|archive-date=October 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002075700/http://www.bcrfcure.org/action_meetres_funmi.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; wey she perform extensive clinical work wey dey surround de role of de ''BRCA1'' den ''BRCA2'' genes insyd de incidence of breast cancer insyd women of African descent.&lt;ref name=&quot;scientist20132&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.asco.org/about-asco/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-receives-asco-acs-award-pioneering-research-breast-cancer|title=Dr. Olufunmilayo Olopade Receives ASCO ACS Award for Pioneering Research in Breast Cancer Genetics|publisher=American Society of Clinical Oncology|access-date=June 26, 2013|archive-date=July 5, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705102631/http://www.asco.org/about-asco/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-receives-asco-acs-award-pioneering-research-breast-cancer|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

She be a member of de American Association for Cancer Research,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/aacr-academy/inaugural-class/olufunmilayo-olopade.aspx |title= Olufunmilayo I. Olopade |publisher= American Association for Cancer Research |year= 2001 |website= AACR |access-date= June 6, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130929235550/http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/aacr-academy/inaugural-class/olufunmilayo-olopade.aspx |archive-date= September 29, 2013 |url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; de American College of Physicians, de Nigerian Medical Association, de American Philosophical Society,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Olufunmilayo+Olopade&amp;title=&amp;subject=&amp;subdiv=&amp;mem=&amp;year=&amp;year-max=&amp;dead=&amp;keyword=&amp;smode=advanced|access-date=2021-04-02|website=search.amphilsoc.org|archive-date=2021-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522194658/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Olufunmilayo+Olopade&amp;title=&amp;subject=&amp;subdiv=&amp;mem=&amp;year=&amp;year-max=&amp;dead=&amp;keyword=&amp;smode=advanced|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; den de Institute of Medicine.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iom.edu/Global/Directory/Detail.aspx?id=0020018661|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120802223645/http://www.iom.edu/Global/Directory/Detail.aspx?id=0020018661|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 2, 2012|title=Directory: IOM Member - Olufunmilayo F. Olopade, M.D., FACP, OON|publisher=Institute of Medicine|access-date=June 28, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.uchicago.edu/article/2011/03/02/president-obama-names-olopade-national-cancer-advisory-board|title=President Obama names Olopade to National Cancer Advisory Board|last=Easton|first=John|date=2 March 2011|work=The University of Chicago News|access-date=27 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early Career ==
Olufunmilayo start her career for 1980 as medical officer for [[:en:Nigerian_Navy|Nigerian Navy]] Hospital. She move go US for 1983 and work for [[:en:John_H._Stroger_Jr._Hospital_of_Cook_County|Cook County Hospital]] for [[:en:Chicago|Chicago]] till 1987.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/culture-magazines/olopade-olufunmilayo Olopade, Olufunmilayo | Encyclopedia.com]&quot;. ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2020-03-31.&lt;/ref&gt; For 1991, Olufunmilayo join [[:en:University_of_Chicago|University of Chicago]] as assistant professor for hematology and oncology, Dean of Global Health, and Director for Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics for University of Chicago.&lt;ref&gt;Ojigbo, Solomon (2017-07-04). &quot;[https://www.pharmanewsonline.com/prof-olufunmilayo-olopade-pacesetter-and-game-changer-in-breast-cancer-treatment/ Prof. Olufunmilayo Olopade: Pacesetter and Game-changer In Breast Cancer Treatment]&quot;. ''Pharmanewsonline''. Retrieved 2020-06-11.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://cancerbio.uchicago.edu/program/faculty/olufunmilayo-olopade Olufunmilayo Olopade | Committee on Cancer Biology]&quot;. ''cancerbio.uchicago.edu''. Retrieved 2020-05-29.&lt;/ref&gt;

== MacArthur Fellows Program ==
Olufunmilayo Olopade na one of di three African-Americans wey collect di $500,000 award. Na John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation appoint di award. Dem call am “no strings attached” stipend grant wey fit support person for up to five years, and people dey refer to am as “[[:en:MacArthur_Fellows_Program|genius grant]].” Na dis grant give Olopade chance to continue her research on di groundbreaking discoveries wey she dey make about diseases and health concerns.

== Family ==
For 1983, she marry Christopher Sola Olopade wey also be [[:en:Physician|physician]] for University of Chicago. Dem get two daughters, one of dem na [[:en:Journalist|journalist]] [[:en:Dayo_Olopade|Dayo Olopade]], plus one son.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.notablebiographies.com/newsmakers2/2006-Le-Ra/Olopade-Olufunmilayo.html Olufunmilayo Olopade:Physician, oncologist and geneticist]&quot;. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Retrieved July 27, 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Research ==
Most of her research focus na on how people fit get cancer (susceptibility), so dem fit use dat knowledge take find better and more effective way to treat [[:en:Breast_cancer|breast cancer]] among African and African-American individuals and populations.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/culture-magazines/olopade-olufunmilayo Olopade, Olufunmilayo | Encyclopedia.com]&quot;. ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2020-03-31.&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1987, for University of Chicago, she discover one [[:en:Gene|gene]] wey dey help suppress tumor growth.

For 1992, Olopade help start University of Chicago Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics. Na there she discover say African-American women dey develop breast cancer for younger age pass white women.&lt;ref&gt;Olopade, Olufunmilayo I.; Falkson, Carla I. (2010-05-28). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=J4aqm3_v_3cC&amp;pg=PA24 Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent]''. Springer Science &amp; Business Media. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-3664-4|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-4020-3664-4&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

For 2003, she start new study wey dey look breast cancer and genetics for African women from Nigeria reach [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]], and also [[:en:African-American|African-American]] women for Chicago. By 2005, she discover say 80% of [[:en:Neoplasm|tumors]] for African women no need [[:en:Estrogen|estrogen]] to grow, compared to 20% of tumors for Caucasian women. She also find say na because of different gene expression pattern between African women and Caucasian women.&lt;ref&gt;Ikpatt, Offiong Francis; Olopade, Olufunmilayo I. (2006), Williams, Christopher Kwesi O.; Olopade, Olufunmilayo I.; Falkson, Carla I. (eds.), &quot;Genetics of Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent: An Overview&quot;, ''Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent'', Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 23–37, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-3664-4_2|10.1007/978-1-4020-3664-4_2]], ISBN 978-1-4020-3664-4&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==</text>
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'''Olufunmilayo I. Olopade''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Olufunmilayo Olopade.wav|Listen|help=no}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, M.D., F.A.C.P., O.O.N. {{!}} Office of Research |url=https://www.vumc.org/oor/person/olufunmilayo-i-olopade-md-facp-oon |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=www.vumc.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; dem born insyd de year 1957,&lt;ref name=&quot;scientist20132&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/36681/title/Cancer-Knows-No-Borders/|work=The Scientist|title=Cancer Knows No Borders|last=Scudellari|first=Megan|date=August 1, 2013|access-date=September 27, 2013|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; be a Nigerian hematology oncologist, Associate Dean for Global Health and Walter L. Palmer, Distinguished Service Professor insyd Medicine den Human Genetics at de University of Chicago.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.uchospitals.edu/physicians/olufunmilayo-olopade.html|title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, MD, FACP|publisher=The University of Chicago Medicine|access-date=July 26, 2013|archive-date=October 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023091654/http://www.uchospitals.edu/physicians/olufunmilayo-olopade.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.genes.uchicago.edu/olopade.html|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade, Ph.D. Research &amp; Selected Publications|publisher=The University of Chicago Biological Sciences; Department of Human Genetics|access-date=July 27, 2013|archive-date=September 27, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927110550/http://www.genes.uchicago.edu/olopade.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; She sanso dey serve as director of de University of Chicago Hospital's Cancer Risk Clinic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-06-25 |title=Dr. Olufunmilayo Olopade: Closing Disparities Through Genetic Testing {{!}} Leading Discoveries Magazine |url=https://leadingdiscoveries.aacr.org/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-closing-disparities-through-genetic-testing/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Life ==
Dem born Olufunmilayo Olopade insyd Nigeria insyd 1957 wey she be de fifth of six kiddies dem born to an Anglican musician.

She attend St Anne's School insyd Ibadan for ein secondary school education. Olopade first express ein interest insyd make she cam be a doctor at a young age secof de Nigerian villages be scarce for doctors den medical resources wich be both insyd high demand.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Olopade, Olufunmilayo Falusi {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/olopade-olufunmilayo-falusi|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

She graduate from de [[University of Ibadan]] insyd Nigeria plus an MBBS insyd 1980.&lt;ref name=&quot;cancerbio.uchicago.edu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade {{!}} Committee on Cancer Biology|url=https://cancerbio.uchicago.edu/program/faculty/olufunmilayo-olopade|website=cancerbio.uchicago.edu|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

She dey work closely plus de Breast Cancer Research Foundation&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bcrfcure.org/action_meetres_funmi.html|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade, MD, FACP :: Profile|publisher=The Breast Cancer Research Foundation|access-date=July 26, 2013|archive-date=October 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002075700/http://www.bcrfcure.org/action_meetres_funmi.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; wey she perform extensive clinical work wey dey surround de role of de ''BRCA1'' den ''BRCA2'' genes insyd de incidence of breast cancer insyd women of African descent.&lt;ref name=&quot;scientist20132&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.asco.org/about-asco/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-receives-asco-acs-award-pioneering-research-breast-cancer|title=Dr. Olufunmilayo Olopade Receives ASCO ACS Award for Pioneering Research in Breast Cancer Genetics|publisher=American Society of Clinical Oncology|access-date=June 26, 2013|archive-date=July 5, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705102631/http://www.asco.org/about-asco/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-receives-asco-acs-award-pioneering-research-breast-cancer|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

She be a member of de American Association for Cancer Research,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/aacr-academy/inaugural-class/olufunmilayo-olopade.aspx |title= Olufunmilayo I. Olopade |publisher= American Association for Cancer Research |year= 2001 |website= AACR |access-date= June 6, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130929235550/http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/aacr-academy/inaugural-class/olufunmilayo-olopade.aspx |archive-date= September 29, 2013 |url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; de American College of Physicians, de Nigerian Medical Association, de American Philosophical Society,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Olufunmilayo+Olopade&amp;title=&amp;subject=&amp;subdiv=&amp;mem=&amp;year=&amp;year-max=&amp;dead=&amp;keyword=&amp;smode=advanced|access-date=2021-04-02|website=search.amphilsoc.org|archive-date=2021-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522194658/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Olufunmilayo+Olopade&amp;title=&amp;subject=&amp;subdiv=&amp;mem=&amp;year=&amp;year-max=&amp;dead=&amp;keyword=&amp;smode=advanced|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; den de Institute of Medicine.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iom.edu/Global/Directory/Detail.aspx?id=0020018661|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120802223645/http://www.iom.edu/Global/Directory/Detail.aspx?id=0020018661|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 2, 2012|title=Directory: IOM Member - Olufunmilayo F. Olopade, M.D., FACP, OON|publisher=Institute of Medicine|access-date=June 28, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.uchicago.edu/article/2011/03/02/president-obama-names-olopade-national-cancer-advisory-board|title=President Obama names Olopade to National Cancer Advisory Board|last=Easton|first=John|date=2 March 2011|work=The University of Chicago News|access-date=27 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early career ==
Olufunmilayo start ein career insyd 1980 as a medical officer insyd de Nigerian Navy Hospital. She move go de US insyd 1983 wey she work at Cook County Hospital insyd Chicago til 1987.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/culture-magazines/olopade-olufunmilayo|title=Olopade, Olufunmilayo {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=2020-03-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; Insyd 1991, Olufunmilayo join de University of Chicago as an assistant professor insyd hematology den oncology, Dean of Global Health, den Director of de Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics at de University of Chicago.&lt;ref name=&quot;cancerbio.uchicago.edu&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ojigbo|first=Solomon|date=2017-07-04|title=Prof. Olufunmilayo Olopade: Pacesetter and Game-changer In Breast Cancer Treatment|url=https://www.pharmanewsonline.com/prof-olufunmilayo-olopade-pacesetter-and-game-changer-in-breast-cancer-treatment/|access-date=2020-06-11|website=Pharmanewsonline|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== MacArthur Fellows Program ==
Olufunmilayo Olopade na one of di three African-Americans wey collect di $500,000 award. Na John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation appoint di award. Dem call am “no strings attached” stipend grant wey fit support person for up to five years, and people dey refer to am as “[[:en:MacArthur_Fellows_Program|genius grant]].” Na dis grant give Olopade chance to continue her research on di groundbreaking discoveries wey she dey make about diseases and health concerns.

== Family ==
For 1983, she marry Christopher Sola Olopade wey also be [[:en:Physician|physician]] for University of Chicago. Dem get two daughters, one of dem na [[:en:Journalist|journalist]] [[:en:Dayo_Olopade|Dayo Olopade]], plus one son.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.notablebiographies.com/newsmakers2/2006-Le-Ra/Olopade-Olufunmilayo.html Olufunmilayo Olopade:Physician, oncologist and geneticist]&quot;. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Retrieved July 27, 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Research ==
Most of her research focus na on how people fit get cancer (susceptibility), so dem fit use dat knowledge take find better and more effective way to treat [[:en:Breast_cancer|breast cancer]] among African and African-American individuals and populations.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/culture-magazines/olopade-olufunmilayo Olopade, Olufunmilayo | Encyclopedia.com]&quot;. ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2020-03-31.&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1987, for University of Chicago, she discover one [[:en:Gene|gene]] wey dey help suppress tumor growth.

For 1992, Olopade help start University of Chicago Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics. Na there she discover say African-American women dey develop breast cancer for younger age pass white women.&lt;ref&gt;Olopade, Olufunmilayo I.; Falkson, Carla I. (2010-05-28). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=J4aqm3_v_3cC&amp;pg=PA24 Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent]''. Springer Science &amp; Business Media. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-3664-4|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-4020-3664-4&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

For 2003, she start new study wey dey look breast cancer and genetics for African women from Nigeria reach [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]], and also [[:en:African-American|African-American]] women for Chicago. By 2005, she discover say 80% of [[:en:Neoplasm|tumors]] for African women no need [[:en:Estrogen|estrogen]] to grow, compared to 20% of tumors for Caucasian women. She also find say na because of different gene expression pattern between African women and Caucasian women.&lt;ref&gt;Ikpatt, Offiong Francis; Olopade, Olufunmilayo I. (2006), Williams, Christopher Kwesi O.; Olopade, Olufunmilayo I.; Falkson, Carla I. (eds.), &quot;Genetics of Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent: An Overview&quot;, ''Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent'', Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 23–37, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-3664-4_2|10.1007/978-1-4020-3664-4_2]], ISBN 978-1-4020-3664-4&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==</text>
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'''Olufunmilayo I. Olopade''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Olufunmilayo Olopade.wav|Listen|help=no}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, M.D., F.A.C.P., O.O.N. {{!}} Office of Research |url=https://www.vumc.org/oor/person/olufunmilayo-i-olopade-md-facp-oon |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=www.vumc.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; dem born insyd de year 1957,&lt;ref name=&quot;scientist20132&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/36681/title/Cancer-Knows-No-Borders/|work=The Scientist|title=Cancer Knows No Borders|last=Scudellari|first=Megan|date=August 1, 2013|access-date=September 27, 2013|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; be a Nigerian hematology oncologist, Associate Dean for Global Health and Walter L. Palmer, Distinguished Service Professor insyd Medicine den Human Genetics at de University of Chicago.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.uchospitals.edu/physicians/olufunmilayo-olopade.html|title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, MD, FACP|publisher=The University of Chicago Medicine|access-date=July 26, 2013|archive-date=October 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023091654/http://www.uchospitals.edu/physicians/olufunmilayo-olopade.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.genes.uchicago.edu/olopade.html|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade, Ph.D. Research &amp; Selected Publications|publisher=The University of Chicago Biological Sciences; Department of Human Genetics|access-date=July 27, 2013|archive-date=September 27, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927110550/http://www.genes.uchicago.edu/olopade.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; She sanso dey serve as director of de University of Chicago Hospital's Cancer Risk Clinic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-06-25 |title=Dr. Olufunmilayo Olopade: Closing Disparities Through Genetic Testing {{!}} Leading Discoveries Magazine |url=https://leadingdiscoveries.aacr.org/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-closing-disparities-through-genetic-testing/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Life ==
Dem born Olufunmilayo Olopade insyd Nigeria insyd 1957 wey she be de fifth of six kiddies dem born to an Anglican musician.

She attend St Anne's School insyd Ibadan for ein secondary school education. Olopade first express ein interest insyd make she cam be a doctor at a young age secof de Nigerian villages be scarce for doctors den medical resources wich be both insyd high demand.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Olopade, Olufunmilayo Falusi {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/olopade-olufunmilayo-falusi|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

She graduate from de [[University of Ibadan]] insyd Nigeria plus an MBBS insyd 1980.&lt;ref name=&quot;cancerbio.uchicago.edu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade {{!}} Committee on Cancer Biology|url=https://cancerbio.uchicago.edu/program/faculty/olufunmilayo-olopade|website=cancerbio.uchicago.edu|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

She dey work closely plus de Breast Cancer Research Foundation&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bcrfcure.org/action_meetres_funmi.html|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade, MD, FACP :: Profile|publisher=The Breast Cancer Research Foundation|access-date=July 26, 2013|archive-date=October 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002075700/http://www.bcrfcure.org/action_meetres_funmi.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; wey she perform extensive clinical work wey dey surround de role of de ''BRCA1'' den ''BRCA2'' genes insyd de incidence of breast cancer insyd women of African descent.&lt;ref name=&quot;scientist20132&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.asco.org/about-asco/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-receives-asco-acs-award-pioneering-research-breast-cancer|title=Dr. Olufunmilayo Olopade Receives ASCO ACS Award for Pioneering Research in Breast Cancer Genetics|publisher=American Society of Clinical Oncology|access-date=June 26, 2013|archive-date=July 5, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705102631/http://www.asco.org/about-asco/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-receives-asco-acs-award-pioneering-research-breast-cancer|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

She be a member of de American Association for Cancer Research,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/aacr-academy/inaugural-class/olufunmilayo-olopade.aspx |title= Olufunmilayo I. Olopade |publisher= American Association for Cancer Research |year= 2001 |website= AACR |access-date= June 6, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130929235550/http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/aacr-academy/inaugural-class/olufunmilayo-olopade.aspx |archive-date= September 29, 2013 |url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; de American College of Physicians, de Nigerian Medical Association, de American Philosophical Society,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Olufunmilayo+Olopade&amp;title=&amp;subject=&amp;subdiv=&amp;mem=&amp;year=&amp;year-max=&amp;dead=&amp;keyword=&amp;smode=advanced|access-date=2021-04-02|website=search.amphilsoc.org|archive-date=2021-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522194658/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Olufunmilayo+Olopade&amp;title=&amp;subject=&amp;subdiv=&amp;mem=&amp;year=&amp;year-max=&amp;dead=&amp;keyword=&amp;smode=advanced|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; den de Institute of Medicine.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iom.edu/Global/Directory/Detail.aspx?id=0020018661|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120802223645/http://www.iom.edu/Global/Directory/Detail.aspx?id=0020018661|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 2, 2012|title=Directory: IOM Member - Olufunmilayo F. Olopade, M.D., FACP, OON|publisher=Institute of Medicine|access-date=June 28, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.uchicago.edu/article/2011/03/02/president-obama-names-olopade-national-cancer-advisory-board|title=President Obama names Olopade to National Cancer Advisory Board|last=Easton|first=John|date=2 March 2011|work=The University of Chicago News|access-date=27 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early career ==
Olufunmilayo start ein career insyd 1980 as a medical officer insyd de Nigerian Navy Hospital. She move go de US insyd 1983 wey she work at Cook County Hospital insyd Chicago til 1987.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/culture-magazines/olopade-olufunmilayo|title=Olopade, Olufunmilayo {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=2020-03-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; Insyd 1991, Olufunmilayo join de University of Chicago as an assistant professor insyd hematology den oncology, Dean of Global Health, den Director of de Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics at de University of Chicago.&lt;ref name=&quot;cancerbio.uchicago.edu&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ojigbo|first=Solomon|date=2017-07-04|title=Prof. Olufunmilayo Olopade: Pacesetter and Game-changer In Breast Cancer Treatment|url=https://www.pharmanewsonline.com/prof-olufunmilayo-olopade-pacesetter-and-game-changer-in-breast-cancer-treatment/|access-date=2020-06-11|website=Pharmanewsonline|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Awards ==

* 1975: Nigerian Federal Government Merit Award&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=You can't ignore these 10 awardees of national honours|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/you-cant-ignore-these-10-awardees-of-national-honours.html|last=Abbah|first=Theophilus|date=2012-09-16|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2020-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607190529/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/you-cant-ignore-these-10-awardees-of-national-honours.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1978: Nigerian Medical Association Award for Excellence in Pediatrics&lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2019-02-21 |title=OLOPEDE, Prof (Mrs) Olufunmilayo |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/olopede-prof-mrs-olufunmilayo/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1980: Nigerian Medical Association Award for Excellence in Medicine &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, MD |url=https://www.aacr.org/professionals/membership/aacr-academy/fellows/olufunmilayo-i-olopade-md/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1990: Ellen Ruth Lebow Fellowship&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dr. Olufunmilayo I. Olopade – H3Africa |url=https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-olufunmilayo-i-olopade/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1991: American Society for Clinical Oncology Young Investigator Award &lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;/&gt;
* 1992: James S. McDonnell Foundation Scholar Award &lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;/&gt;
* 2000:Doris Duke Distinguished Clinical Scientist Award &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dr. Olufunmilayo I. Olopade – H3Africa |url=https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-olufunmilayo-i-olopade/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=h3africa.org |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2003: Phenomenal Woman Award for work within de African-American Community &lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;/&gt;
* 2005: Access Community Network's Heroes in Healthcare Award &lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;/&gt;
* 2005 MacArthur Fellows Program&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.macfound.org/fellows/769/|publisher=MacArthur foundation|title=MacArthur Fellows Program:Olufunmilayo Olopade|access-date=July 27, 2013|date= September 1, 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2015: Four Freedoms Award
* 2017: Villanova University Mendel Medal
*On Saturday, May 18, 2019, The Lincoln Academy of Illinois grant Olopade de Order of Lincoln award, de highest honor wey de State of Illinois bestow.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thelincolnacademyofillinois.org/2019-laureates-announced-gov-rauner/|title=2019 Laureates Announced by Gov. Rauner|website=The Lincoln Academy of Illinois|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-27|archive-date=2019-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827194444/https://thelincolnacademyofillinois.org/2019-laureates-announced-gov-rauner/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2021: Member of de U. S. National Academy of Sciences.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/2021-nas-election.html|title=News from the National Academy of Sciences|date=April 26, 2021|access-date=July 5, 2021|quote=Newly elected members and their affiliations at the time of election are: ... Olopade, Olufunmilayo F.; Walter L. Palmer Distinguished Service Professor of Medicine and Human Genetics, department of medicine, and director, Center for Clinical Genetics and Global Health, University of Chicago, Chicago}}, entry in member directory:{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20018661.html|title=Member Directory|access-date=July 5, 2021|publisher=National Academy of Sciences}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== MacArthur Fellows Program ===
Olufunmilayo Olopade be one of de three African-Americans to receive de $500,000 award. John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation wey appoint dis award. Dem dey give dis &quot;no strings attached&quot; stipend grant as support for up to five years wey e be referred to as de &quot;genius grant.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.macfound.org/programs/fellows/|title=MacArthur Fellows|website=MacArthur Foundation|access-date=January 2, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dis grant allow Olopade to continue ein research on ein groundbreaking discoveries on diseases den health concerns.

== Family ==
For 1983, she marry Christopher Sola Olopade wey also be [[:en:Physician|physician]] for University of Chicago. Dem get two daughters, one of dem na [[:en:Journalist|journalist]] [[:en:Dayo_Olopade|Dayo Olopade]], plus one son.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.notablebiographies.com/newsmakers2/2006-Le-Ra/Olopade-Olufunmilayo.html Olufunmilayo Olopade:Physician, oncologist and geneticist]&quot;. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Retrieved July 27, 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Research ==
Most of her research focus na on how people fit get cancer (susceptibility), so dem fit use dat knowledge take find better and more effective way to treat [[:en:Breast_cancer|breast cancer]] among African and African-American individuals and populations.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/culture-magazines/olopade-olufunmilayo Olopade, Olufunmilayo | Encyclopedia.com]&quot;. ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2020-03-31.&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1987, for University of Chicago, she discover one [[:en:Gene|gene]] wey dey help suppress tumor growth.

For 1992, Olopade help start University of Chicago Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics. Na there she discover say African-American women dey develop breast cancer for younger age pass white women.&lt;ref&gt;Olopade, Olufunmilayo I.; Falkson, Carla I. (2010-05-28). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=J4aqm3_v_3cC&amp;pg=PA24 Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent]''. Springer Science &amp; Business Media. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-3664-4|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-4020-3664-4&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

For 2003, she start new study wey dey look breast cancer and genetics for African women from Nigeria reach [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]], and also [[:en:African-American|African-American]] women for Chicago. By 2005, she discover say 80% of [[:en:Neoplasm|tumors]] for African women no need [[:en:Estrogen|estrogen]] to grow, compared to 20% of tumors for Caucasian women. She also find say na because of different gene expression pattern between African women and Caucasian women.&lt;ref&gt;Ikpatt, Offiong Francis; Olopade, Olufunmilayo I. (2006), Williams, Christopher Kwesi O.; Olopade, Olufunmilayo I.; Falkson, Carla I. (eds.), &quot;Genetics of Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent: An Overview&quot;, ''Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent'', Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 23–37, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-3664-4_2|10.1007/978-1-4020-3664-4_2]], ISBN 978-1-4020-3664-4&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==</text>
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'''Olufunmilayo I. Olopade''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Olufunmilayo Olopade.wav|Listen|help=no}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, M.D., F.A.C.P., O.O.N. {{!}} Office of Research |url=https://www.vumc.org/oor/person/olufunmilayo-i-olopade-md-facp-oon |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=www.vumc.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; dem born insyd de year 1957,&lt;ref name=&quot;scientist20132&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/36681/title/Cancer-Knows-No-Borders/|work=The Scientist|title=Cancer Knows No Borders|last=Scudellari|first=Megan|date=August 1, 2013|access-date=September 27, 2013|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; be a Nigerian hematology oncologist, Associate Dean for Global Health and Walter L. Palmer, Distinguished Service Professor insyd Medicine den Human Genetics at de University of Chicago.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.uchospitals.edu/physicians/olufunmilayo-olopade.html|title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, MD, FACP|publisher=The University of Chicago Medicine|access-date=July 26, 2013|archive-date=October 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023091654/http://www.uchospitals.edu/physicians/olufunmilayo-olopade.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.genes.uchicago.edu/olopade.html|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade, Ph.D. Research &amp; Selected Publications|publisher=The University of Chicago Biological Sciences; Department of Human Genetics|access-date=July 27, 2013|archive-date=September 27, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927110550/http://www.genes.uchicago.edu/olopade.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; She sanso dey serve as director of de University of Chicago Hospital's Cancer Risk Clinic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-06-25 |title=Dr. Olufunmilayo Olopade: Closing Disparities Through Genetic Testing {{!}} Leading Discoveries Magazine |url=https://leadingdiscoveries.aacr.org/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-closing-disparities-through-genetic-testing/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Life ==
Dem born Olufunmilayo Olopade insyd Nigeria insyd 1957 wey she be de fifth of six kiddies dem born to an Anglican musician.

She attend St Anne's School insyd Ibadan for ein secondary school education. Olopade first express ein interest insyd make she cam be a doctor at a young age secof de Nigerian villages be scarce for doctors den medical resources wich be both insyd high demand.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Olopade, Olufunmilayo Falusi {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/olopade-olufunmilayo-falusi|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

She graduate from de [[University of Ibadan]] insyd Nigeria plus an MBBS insyd 1980.&lt;ref name=&quot;cancerbio.uchicago.edu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade {{!}} Committee on Cancer Biology|url=https://cancerbio.uchicago.edu/program/faculty/olufunmilayo-olopade|website=cancerbio.uchicago.edu|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

She dey work closely plus de Breast Cancer Research Foundation&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bcrfcure.org/action_meetres_funmi.html|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade, MD, FACP :: Profile|publisher=The Breast Cancer Research Foundation|access-date=July 26, 2013|archive-date=October 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002075700/http://www.bcrfcure.org/action_meetres_funmi.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; wey she perform extensive clinical work wey dey surround de role of de ''BRCA1'' den ''BRCA2'' genes insyd de incidence of breast cancer insyd women of African descent.&lt;ref name=&quot;scientist20132&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.asco.org/about-asco/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-receives-asco-acs-award-pioneering-research-breast-cancer|title=Dr. Olufunmilayo Olopade Receives ASCO ACS Award for Pioneering Research in Breast Cancer Genetics|publisher=American Society of Clinical Oncology|access-date=June 26, 2013|archive-date=July 5, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705102631/http://www.asco.org/about-asco/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-receives-asco-acs-award-pioneering-research-breast-cancer|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

She be a member of de American Association for Cancer Research,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/aacr-academy/inaugural-class/olufunmilayo-olopade.aspx |title= Olufunmilayo I. Olopade |publisher= American Association for Cancer Research |year= 2001 |website= AACR |access-date= June 6, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130929235550/http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/aacr-academy/inaugural-class/olufunmilayo-olopade.aspx |archive-date= September 29, 2013 |url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; de American College of Physicians, de Nigerian Medical Association, de American Philosophical Society,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Olufunmilayo+Olopade&amp;title=&amp;subject=&amp;subdiv=&amp;mem=&amp;year=&amp;year-max=&amp;dead=&amp;keyword=&amp;smode=advanced|access-date=2021-04-02|website=search.amphilsoc.org|archive-date=2021-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522194658/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Olufunmilayo+Olopade&amp;title=&amp;subject=&amp;subdiv=&amp;mem=&amp;year=&amp;year-max=&amp;dead=&amp;keyword=&amp;smode=advanced|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; den de Institute of Medicine.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iom.edu/Global/Directory/Detail.aspx?id=0020018661|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120802223645/http://www.iom.edu/Global/Directory/Detail.aspx?id=0020018661|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 2, 2012|title=Directory: IOM Member - Olufunmilayo F. Olopade, M.D., FACP, OON|publisher=Institute of Medicine|access-date=June 28, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.uchicago.edu/article/2011/03/02/president-obama-names-olopade-national-cancer-advisory-board|title=President Obama names Olopade to National Cancer Advisory Board|last=Easton|first=John|date=2 March 2011|work=The University of Chicago News|access-date=27 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early career ==
Olufunmilayo start ein career insyd 1980 as a medical officer insyd de Nigerian Navy Hospital. She move go de US insyd 1983 wey she work at Cook County Hospital insyd Chicago til 1987.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/culture-magazines/olopade-olufunmilayo|title=Olopade, Olufunmilayo {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=2020-03-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; Insyd 1991, Olufunmilayo join de University of Chicago as an assistant professor insyd hematology den oncology, Dean of Global Health, den Director of de Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics at de University of Chicago.&lt;ref name=&quot;cancerbio.uchicago.edu&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ojigbo|first=Solomon|date=2017-07-04|title=Prof. Olufunmilayo Olopade: Pacesetter and Game-changer In Breast Cancer Treatment|url=https://www.pharmanewsonline.com/prof-olufunmilayo-olopade-pacesetter-and-game-changer-in-breast-cancer-treatment/|access-date=2020-06-11|website=Pharmanewsonline|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Awards ==

* 1975: Nigerian Federal Government Merit Award&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=You can't ignore these 10 awardees of national honours|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/you-cant-ignore-these-10-awardees-of-national-honours.html|last=Abbah|first=Theophilus|date=2012-09-16|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2020-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607190529/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/you-cant-ignore-these-10-awardees-of-national-honours.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1978: Nigerian Medical Association Award for Excellence in Pediatrics&lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2019-02-21 |title=OLOPEDE, Prof (Mrs) Olufunmilayo |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/olopede-prof-mrs-olufunmilayo/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1980: Nigerian Medical Association Award for Excellence in Medicine &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, MD |url=https://www.aacr.org/professionals/membership/aacr-academy/fellows/olufunmilayo-i-olopade-md/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1990: Ellen Ruth Lebow Fellowship&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dr. Olufunmilayo I. Olopade – H3Africa |url=https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-olufunmilayo-i-olopade/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1991: American Society for Clinical Oncology Young Investigator Award &lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;/&gt;
* 1992: James S. McDonnell Foundation Scholar Award &lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;/&gt;
* 2000:Doris Duke Distinguished Clinical Scientist Award &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dr. Olufunmilayo I. Olopade – H3Africa |url=https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-olufunmilayo-i-olopade/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=h3africa.org |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2003: Phenomenal Woman Award for work within de African-American Community &lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;/&gt;
* 2005: Access Community Network's Heroes in Healthcare Award &lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;/&gt;
* 2005 MacArthur Fellows Program&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.macfound.org/fellows/769/|publisher=MacArthur foundation|title=MacArthur Fellows Program:Olufunmilayo Olopade|access-date=July 27, 2013|date= September 1, 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2015: Four Freedoms Award
* 2017: Villanova University Mendel Medal
*On Saturday, May 18, 2019, The Lincoln Academy of Illinois grant Olopade de Order of Lincoln award, de highest honor wey de State of Illinois bestow.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thelincolnacademyofillinois.org/2019-laureates-announced-gov-rauner/|title=2019 Laureates Announced by Gov. Rauner|website=The Lincoln Academy of Illinois|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-27|archive-date=2019-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827194444/https://thelincolnacademyofillinois.org/2019-laureates-announced-gov-rauner/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2021: Member of de U. S. National Academy of Sciences.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/2021-nas-election.html|title=News from the National Academy of Sciences|date=April 26, 2021|access-date=July 5, 2021|quote=Newly elected members and their affiliations at the time of election are: ... Olopade, Olufunmilayo F.; Walter L. Palmer Distinguished Service Professor of Medicine and Human Genetics, department of medicine, and director, Center for Clinical Genetics and Global Health, University of Chicago, Chicago}}, entry in member directory:{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20018661.html|title=Member Directory|access-date=July 5, 2021|publisher=National Academy of Sciences}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== MacArthur Fellows Program ===
Olufunmilayo Olopade be one of de three African-Americans to receive de $500,000 award. John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation wey appoint dis award. Dem dey give dis &quot;no strings attached&quot; stipend grant as support for up to five years wey e be referred to as de &quot;genius grant.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.macfound.org/programs/fellows/|title=MacArthur Fellows|website=MacArthur Foundation|access-date=January 2, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dis grant allow Olopade to continue ein research on ein groundbreaking discoveries on diseases den health concerns.

== Family ==
Insyd 1983, she marry Christopher Sola Olopade wey sanso be a physician at de University of Chicago. Dem get two daughters, wey dey include journalist Dayo Olopade, den one son.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.notablebiographies.com/newsmakers2/2006-Le-Ra/Olopade-Olufunmilayo.html|publisher=Encyclopedia of World Biography|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade:Physician, oncologist and geneticist|access-date= July 27, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Research ==
Most of her research focus na on how people fit get cancer (susceptibility), so dem fit use dat knowledge take find better and more effective way to treat [[:en:Breast_cancer|breast cancer]] among African and African-American individuals and populations.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/culture-magazines/olopade-olufunmilayo Olopade, Olufunmilayo | Encyclopedia.com]&quot;. ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2020-03-31.&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1987, for University of Chicago, she discover one [[:en:Gene|gene]] wey dey help suppress tumor growth.

For 1992, Olopade help start University of Chicago Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics. Na there she discover say African-American women dey develop breast cancer for younger age pass white women.&lt;ref&gt;Olopade, Olufunmilayo I.; Falkson, Carla I. (2010-05-28). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=J4aqm3_v_3cC&amp;pg=PA24 Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent]''. Springer Science &amp; Business Media. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-3664-4|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-4020-3664-4&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

For 2003, she start new study wey dey look breast cancer and genetics for African women from Nigeria reach [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]], and also [[:en:African-American|African-American]] women for Chicago. By 2005, she discover say 80% of [[:en:Neoplasm|tumors]] for African women no need [[:en:Estrogen|estrogen]] to grow, compared to 20% of tumors for Caucasian women. She also find say na because of different gene expression pattern between African women and Caucasian women.&lt;ref&gt;Ikpatt, Offiong Francis; Olopade, Olufunmilayo I. (2006), Williams, Christopher Kwesi O.; Olopade, Olufunmilayo I.; Falkson, Carla I. (eds.), &quot;Genetics of Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent: An Overview&quot;, ''Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent'', Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 23–37, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-3664-4_2|10.1007/978-1-4020-3664-4_2]], ISBN 978-1-4020-3664-4&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==</text>
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'''Olufunmilayo I. Olopade''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Olufunmilayo Olopade.wav|Listen|help=no}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, M.D., F.A.C.P., O.O.N. {{!}} Office of Research |url=https://www.vumc.org/oor/person/olufunmilayo-i-olopade-md-facp-oon |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=www.vumc.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; dem born insyd de year 1957,&lt;ref name=&quot;scientist20132&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/36681/title/Cancer-Knows-No-Borders/|work=The Scientist|title=Cancer Knows No Borders|last=Scudellari|first=Megan|date=August 1, 2013|access-date=September 27, 2013|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; be a Nigerian hematology oncologist, Associate Dean for Global Health and Walter L. Palmer, Distinguished Service Professor insyd Medicine den Human Genetics at de University of Chicago.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.uchospitals.edu/physicians/olufunmilayo-olopade.html|title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, MD, FACP|publisher=The University of Chicago Medicine|access-date=July 26, 2013|archive-date=October 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023091654/http://www.uchospitals.edu/physicians/olufunmilayo-olopade.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.genes.uchicago.edu/olopade.html|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade, Ph.D. Research &amp; Selected Publications|publisher=The University of Chicago Biological Sciences; Department of Human Genetics|access-date=July 27, 2013|archive-date=September 27, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927110550/http://www.genes.uchicago.edu/olopade.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; She sanso dey serve as director of de University of Chicago Hospital's Cancer Risk Clinic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-06-25 |title=Dr. Olufunmilayo Olopade: Closing Disparities Through Genetic Testing {{!}} Leading Discoveries Magazine |url=https://leadingdiscoveries.aacr.org/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-closing-disparities-through-genetic-testing/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Life ==
Dem born Olufunmilayo Olopade insyd Nigeria insyd 1957 wey she be de fifth of six kiddies dem born to an Anglican musician.

She attend St Anne's School insyd Ibadan for ein secondary school education. Olopade first express ein interest insyd make she cam be a doctor at a young age secof de Nigerian villages be scarce for doctors den medical resources wich be both insyd high demand.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Olopade, Olufunmilayo Falusi {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/olopade-olufunmilayo-falusi|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

She graduate from de [[University of Ibadan]] insyd Nigeria plus an MBBS insyd 1980.&lt;ref name=&quot;cancerbio.uchicago.edu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade {{!}} Committee on Cancer Biology|url=https://cancerbio.uchicago.edu/program/faculty/olufunmilayo-olopade|website=cancerbio.uchicago.edu|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

She dey work closely plus de Breast Cancer Research Foundation&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bcrfcure.org/action_meetres_funmi.html|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade, MD, FACP :: Profile|publisher=The Breast Cancer Research Foundation|access-date=July 26, 2013|archive-date=October 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002075700/http://www.bcrfcure.org/action_meetres_funmi.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; wey she perform extensive clinical work wey dey surround de role of de ''BRCA1'' den ''BRCA2'' genes insyd de incidence of breast cancer insyd women of African descent.&lt;ref name=&quot;scientist20132&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.asco.org/about-asco/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-receives-asco-acs-award-pioneering-research-breast-cancer|title=Dr. Olufunmilayo Olopade Receives ASCO ACS Award for Pioneering Research in Breast Cancer Genetics|publisher=American Society of Clinical Oncology|access-date=June 26, 2013|archive-date=July 5, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705102631/http://www.asco.org/about-asco/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-receives-asco-acs-award-pioneering-research-breast-cancer|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

She be a member of de American Association for Cancer Research,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/aacr-academy/inaugural-class/olufunmilayo-olopade.aspx |title= Olufunmilayo I. Olopade |publisher= American Association for Cancer Research |year= 2001 |website= AACR |access-date= June 6, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130929235550/http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/aacr-academy/inaugural-class/olufunmilayo-olopade.aspx |archive-date= September 29, 2013 |url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; de American College of Physicians, de Nigerian Medical Association, de American Philosophical Society,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Olufunmilayo+Olopade&amp;title=&amp;subject=&amp;subdiv=&amp;mem=&amp;year=&amp;year-max=&amp;dead=&amp;keyword=&amp;smode=advanced|access-date=2021-04-02|website=search.amphilsoc.org|archive-date=2021-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522194658/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Olufunmilayo+Olopade&amp;title=&amp;subject=&amp;subdiv=&amp;mem=&amp;year=&amp;year-max=&amp;dead=&amp;keyword=&amp;smode=advanced|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; den de Institute of Medicine.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iom.edu/Global/Directory/Detail.aspx?id=0020018661|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120802223645/http://www.iom.edu/Global/Directory/Detail.aspx?id=0020018661|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 2, 2012|title=Directory: IOM Member - Olufunmilayo F. Olopade, M.D., FACP, OON|publisher=Institute of Medicine|access-date=June 28, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.uchicago.edu/article/2011/03/02/president-obama-names-olopade-national-cancer-advisory-board|title=President Obama names Olopade to National Cancer Advisory Board|last=Easton|first=John|date=2 March 2011|work=The University of Chicago News|access-date=27 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early career ==
Olufunmilayo start ein career insyd 1980 as a medical officer insyd de Nigerian Navy Hospital. She move go de US insyd 1983 wey she work at Cook County Hospital insyd Chicago til 1987.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/culture-magazines/olopade-olufunmilayo|title=Olopade, Olufunmilayo {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=2020-03-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; Insyd 1991, Olufunmilayo join de University of Chicago as an assistant professor insyd hematology den oncology, Dean of Global Health, den Director of de Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics at de University of Chicago.&lt;ref name=&quot;cancerbio.uchicago.edu&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ojigbo|first=Solomon|date=2017-07-04|title=Prof. Olufunmilayo Olopade: Pacesetter and Game-changer In Breast Cancer Treatment|url=https://www.pharmanewsonline.com/prof-olufunmilayo-olopade-pacesetter-and-game-changer-in-breast-cancer-treatment/|access-date=2020-06-11|website=Pharmanewsonline|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Awards ==

* 1975: Nigerian Federal Government Merit Award&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=You can't ignore these 10 awardees of national honours|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/you-cant-ignore-these-10-awardees-of-national-honours.html|last=Abbah|first=Theophilus|date=2012-09-16|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2020-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607190529/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/you-cant-ignore-these-10-awardees-of-national-honours.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1978: Nigerian Medical Association Award for Excellence in Pediatrics&lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2019-02-21 |title=OLOPEDE, Prof (Mrs) Olufunmilayo |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/olopede-prof-mrs-olufunmilayo/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1980: Nigerian Medical Association Award for Excellence in Medicine &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, MD |url=https://www.aacr.org/professionals/membership/aacr-academy/fellows/olufunmilayo-i-olopade-md/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1990: Ellen Ruth Lebow Fellowship&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dr. Olufunmilayo I. Olopade – H3Africa |url=https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-olufunmilayo-i-olopade/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1991: American Society for Clinical Oncology Young Investigator Award &lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;/&gt;
* 1992: James S. McDonnell Foundation Scholar Award &lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;/&gt;
* 2000:Doris Duke Distinguished Clinical Scientist Award &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dr. Olufunmilayo I. Olopade – H3Africa |url=https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-olufunmilayo-i-olopade/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=h3africa.org |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2003: Phenomenal Woman Award for work within de African-American Community &lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;/&gt;
* 2005: Access Community Network's Heroes in Healthcare Award &lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;/&gt;
* 2005 MacArthur Fellows Program&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.macfound.org/fellows/769/|publisher=MacArthur foundation|title=MacArthur Fellows Program:Olufunmilayo Olopade|access-date=July 27, 2013|date= September 1, 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2015: Four Freedoms Award
* 2017: Villanova University Mendel Medal
*On Saturday, May 18, 2019, The Lincoln Academy of Illinois grant Olopade de Order of Lincoln award, de highest honor wey de State of Illinois bestow.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thelincolnacademyofillinois.org/2019-laureates-announced-gov-rauner/|title=2019 Laureates Announced by Gov. Rauner|website=The Lincoln Academy of Illinois|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-27|archive-date=2019-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827194444/https://thelincolnacademyofillinois.org/2019-laureates-announced-gov-rauner/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2021: Member of de U. S. National Academy of Sciences.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/2021-nas-election.html|title=News from the National Academy of Sciences|date=April 26, 2021|access-date=July 5, 2021|quote=Newly elected members and their affiliations at the time of election are: ... Olopade, Olufunmilayo F.; Walter L. Palmer Distinguished Service Professor of Medicine and Human Genetics, department of medicine, and director, Center for Clinical Genetics and Global Health, University of Chicago, Chicago}}, entry in member directory:{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20018661.html|title=Member Directory|access-date=July 5, 2021|publisher=National Academy of Sciences}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== MacArthur Fellows Program ===
Olufunmilayo Olopade be one of de three African-Americans to receive de $500,000 award. John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation wey appoint dis award. Dem dey give dis &quot;no strings attached&quot; stipend grant as support for up to five years wey e be referred to as de &quot;genius grant.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.macfound.org/programs/fellows/|title=MacArthur Fellows|website=MacArthur Foundation|access-date=January 2, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dis grant allow Olopade to continue ein research on ein groundbreaking discoveries on diseases den health concerns.

== Family ==
Insyd 1983, she marry Christopher Sola Olopade wey sanso be a physician at de University of Chicago. Dem get two daughters, wey dey include journalist Dayo Olopade, den one son.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.notablebiographies.com/newsmakers2/2006-Le-Ra/Olopade-Olufunmilayo.html|publisher=Encyclopedia of World Biography|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade:Physician, oncologist and geneticist|access-date= July 27, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Research ==
Na chaw of ein research be on de susceptibility to cancer wich go then be used to adopt a more effective way of treating breast cancer among de African den African-American individuals den populations.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Insyd 1987 at de University of Chicago, she find a gene wey help suppress tumor growth.

Insyd 1992, Olopade help found de University of Chicago ein Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics. Hie, she find say African-American women often develop breast cancer at younger ages dan white women.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Olopade|first1=Olufunmilayo I.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J4aqm3_v_3cC&amp;pg=PA24 |title=Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent|last2=Falkson|first2=Carla I.|date=2010-05-28|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=978-1-4020-3664-4|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Insyd 2003, she begin a new study wey dey look at breast cancer den genetics from African women from Nigeria to [[Senegal]] den also African-American women insyd Chicago. By 2005, she find say 80% of tumors insyd African women no dey hia estrogen to grow dem compare to 20% of tumors insyd de Caucasian women. She sanso find say na dis be due to a different pattern of gene expression between de African women den de Caucasian women.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last1=Ikpatt|first1=Offiong Francis|title=Genetics of Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent: An Overview|date=2006|work=Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent|pages=23–37|editor-last=Williams|editor-first=Christopher Kwesi O.|place=Dordrecht|publisher=Springer Netherlands|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-3664-4_2|isbn=978-1-4020-3664-4|last2=Olopade|first2=Olufunmilayo I.|editor2-last=Olopade|editor2-first=Olufunmilayo I.|editor3-last=Falkson|editor3-first=Carla I.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==</text>
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'''Olufunmilayo I. Olopade''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Olufunmilayo Olopade.wav|Listen|help=no}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, M.D., F.A.C.P., O.O.N. {{!}} Office of Research |url=https://www.vumc.org/oor/person/olufunmilayo-i-olopade-md-facp-oon |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=www.vumc.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; dem born insyd de year 1957,&lt;ref name=&quot;scientist20132&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/36681/title/Cancer-Knows-No-Borders/|work=The Scientist|title=Cancer Knows No Borders|last=Scudellari|first=Megan|date=August 1, 2013|access-date=September 27, 2013|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; be a Nigerian hematology oncologist, Associate Dean for Global Health and Walter L. Palmer, Distinguished Service Professor insyd Medicine den Human Genetics at de University of Chicago.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.uchospitals.edu/physicians/olufunmilayo-olopade.html|title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, MD, FACP|publisher=The University of Chicago Medicine|access-date=July 26, 2013|archive-date=October 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023091654/http://www.uchospitals.edu/physicians/olufunmilayo-olopade.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.genes.uchicago.edu/olopade.html|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade, Ph.D. Research &amp; Selected Publications|publisher=The University of Chicago Biological Sciences; Department of Human Genetics|access-date=July 27, 2013|archive-date=September 27, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927110550/http://www.genes.uchicago.edu/olopade.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; She sanso dey serve as director of de University of Chicago Hospital's Cancer Risk Clinic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-06-25 |title=Dr. Olufunmilayo Olopade: Closing Disparities Through Genetic Testing {{!}} Leading Discoveries Magazine |url=https://leadingdiscoveries.aacr.org/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-closing-disparities-through-genetic-testing/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Life ==
Dem born Olufunmilayo Olopade insyd Nigeria insyd 1957 wey she be de fifth of six kiddies dem born to an Anglican musician.

She attend St Anne's School insyd Ibadan for ein secondary school education. Olopade first express ein interest insyd make she cam be a doctor at a young age secof de Nigerian villages be scarce for doctors den medical resources wich be both insyd high demand.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Olopade, Olufunmilayo Falusi {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/olopade-olufunmilayo-falusi|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

She graduate from de [[University of Ibadan]] insyd Nigeria plus an MBBS insyd 1980.&lt;ref name=&quot;cancerbio.uchicago.edu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade {{!}} Committee on Cancer Biology|url=https://cancerbio.uchicago.edu/program/faculty/olufunmilayo-olopade|website=cancerbio.uchicago.edu|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

She dey work closely plus de Breast Cancer Research Foundation&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bcrfcure.org/action_meetres_funmi.html|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade, MD, FACP :: Profile|publisher=The Breast Cancer Research Foundation|access-date=July 26, 2013|archive-date=October 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002075700/http://www.bcrfcure.org/action_meetres_funmi.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; wey she perform extensive clinical work wey dey surround de role of de ''BRCA1'' den ''BRCA2'' genes insyd de incidence of breast cancer insyd women of African descent.&lt;ref name=&quot;scientist20132&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.asco.org/about-asco/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-receives-asco-acs-award-pioneering-research-breast-cancer|title=Dr. Olufunmilayo Olopade Receives ASCO ACS Award for Pioneering Research in Breast Cancer Genetics|publisher=American Society of Clinical Oncology|access-date=June 26, 2013|archive-date=July 5, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705102631/http://www.asco.org/about-asco/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-receives-asco-acs-award-pioneering-research-breast-cancer|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

She be a member of de American Association for Cancer Research,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/aacr-academy/inaugural-class/olufunmilayo-olopade.aspx |title= Olufunmilayo I. Olopade |publisher= American Association for Cancer Research |year= 2001 |website= AACR |access-date= June 6, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130929235550/http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/aacr-academy/inaugural-class/olufunmilayo-olopade.aspx |archive-date= September 29, 2013 |url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; de American College of Physicians, de Nigerian Medical Association, de American Philosophical Society,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Olufunmilayo+Olopade&amp;title=&amp;subject=&amp;subdiv=&amp;mem=&amp;year=&amp;year-max=&amp;dead=&amp;keyword=&amp;smode=advanced|access-date=2021-04-02|website=search.amphilsoc.org|archive-date=2021-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522194658/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Olufunmilayo+Olopade&amp;title=&amp;subject=&amp;subdiv=&amp;mem=&amp;year=&amp;year-max=&amp;dead=&amp;keyword=&amp;smode=advanced|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; den de Institute of Medicine.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iom.edu/Global/Directory/Detail.aspx?id=0020018661|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120802223645/http://www.iom.edu/Global/Directory/Detail.aspx?id=0020018661|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 2, 2012|title=Directory: IOM Member - Olufunmilayo F. Olopade, M.D., FACP, OON|publisher=Institute of Medicine|access-date=June 28, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.uchicago.edu/article/2011/03/02/president-obama-names-olopade-national-cancer-advisory-board|title=President Obama names Olopade to National Cancer Advisory Board|last=Easton|first=John|date=2 March 2011|work=The University of Chicago News|access-date=27 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early career ==
Olufunmilayo start ein career insyd 1980 as a medical officer insyd de Nigerian Navy Hospital. She move go de US insyd 1983 wey she work at Cook County Hospital insyd Chicago til 1987.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/culture-magazines/olopade-olufunmilayo|title=Olopade, Olufunmilayo {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=2020-03-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; Insyd 1991, Olufunmilayo join de University of Chicago as an assistant professor insyd hematology den oncology, Dean of Global Health, den Director of de Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics at de University of Chicago.&lt;ref name=&quot;cancerbio.uchicago.edu&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ojigbo|first=Solomon|date=2017-07-04|title=Prof. Olufunmilayo Olopade: Pacesetter and Game-changer In Breast Cancer Treatment|url=https://www.pharmanewsonline.com/prof-olufunmilayo-olopade-pacesetter-and-game-changer-in-breast-cancer-treatment/|access-date=2020-06-11|website=Pharmanewsonline|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Awards ==

* 1975: Nigerian Federal Government Merit Award&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=You can't ignore these 10 awardees of national honours|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/you-cant-ignore-these-10-awardees-of-national-honours.html|last=Abbah|first=Theophilus|date=2012-09-16|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2020-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607190529/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/you-cant-ignore-these-10-awardees-of-national-honours.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1978: Nigerian Medical Association Award for Excellence in Pediatrics&lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2019-02-21 |title=OLOPEDE, Prof (Mrs) Olufunmilayo |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/olopede-prof-mrs-olufunmilayo/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1980: Nigerian Medical Association Award for Excellence in Medicine &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, MD |url=https://www.aacr.org/professionals/membership/aacr-academy/fellows/olufunmilayo-i-olopade-md/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1990: Ellen Ruth Lebow Fellowship&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dr. Olufunmilayo I. Olopade – H3Africa |url=https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-olufunmilayo-i-olopade/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1991: American Society for Clinical Oncology Young Investigator Award &lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;/&gt;
* 1992: James S. McDonnell Foundation Scholar Award &lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;/&gt;
* 2000:Doris Duke Distinguished Clinical Scientist Award &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dr. Olufunmilayo I. Olopade – H3Africa |url=https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-olufunmilayo-i-olopade/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=h3africa.org |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2003: Phenomenal Woman Award for work within de African-American Community &lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;/&gt;
* 2005: Access Community Network's Heroes in Healthcare Award &lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;/&gt;
* 2005 MacArthur Fellows Program&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.macfound.org/fellows/769/|publisher=MacArthur foundation|title=MacArthur Fellows Program:Olufunmilayo Olopade|access-date=July 27, 2013|date= September 1, 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2015: Four Freedoms Award
* 2017: Villanova University Mendel Medal
*On Saturday, May 18, 2019, The Lincoln Academy of Illinois grant Olopade de Order of Lincoln award, de highest honor wey de State of Illinois bestow.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thelincolnacademyofillinois.org/2019-laureates-announced-gov-rauner/|title=2019 Laureates Announced by Gov. Rauner|website=The Lincoln Academy of Illinois|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-27|archive-date=2019-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827194444/https://thelincolnacademyofillinois.org/2019-laureates-announced-gov-rauner/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2021: Member of de U. S. National Academy of Sciences.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/2021-nas-election.html|title=News from the National Academy of Sciences|date=April 26, 2021|access-date=July 5, 2021|quote=Newly elected members and their affiliations at the time of election are: ... Olopade, Olufunmilayo F.; Walter L. Palmer Distinguished Service Professor of Medicine and Human Genetics, department of medicine, and director, Center for Clinical Genetics and Global Health, University of Chicago, Chicago}}, entry in member directory:{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20018661.html|title=Member Directory|access-date=July 5, 2021|publisher=National Academy of Sciences}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== MacArthur Fellows Program ===
Olufunmilayo Olopade be one of de three African-Americans to receive de $500,000 award. John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation wey appoint dis award. Dem dey give dis &quot;no strings attached&quot; stipend grant as support for up to five years wey e be referred to as de &quot;genius grant.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.macfound.org/programs/fellows/|title=MacArthur Fellows|website=MacArthur Foundation|access-date=January 2, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dis grant allow Olopade to continue ein research on ein groundbreaking discoveries on diseases den health concerns.

== Family ==
Insyd 1983, she marry Christopher Sola Olopade wey sanso be a physician at de University of Chicago. Dem get two daughters, wey dey include journalist Dayo Olopade, den one son.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.notablebiographies.com/newsmakers2/2006-Le-Ra/Olopade-Olufunmilayo.html|publisher=Encyclopedia of World Biography|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade:Physician, oncologist and geneticist|access-date= July 27, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Research ==
Na chaw of ein research be on de susceptibility to cancer wich go then be used to adopt a more effective way of treating breast cancer among de African den African-American individuals den populations.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Insyd 1987 at de University of Chicago, she find a gene wey help suppress tumor growth.

Insyd 1992, Olopade help found de University of Chicago ein Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics. Hie, she find say African-American women often develop breast cancer at younger ages dan white women.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Olopade|first1=Olufunmilayo I.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J4aqm3_v_3cC&amp;pg=PA24 |title=Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent|last2=Falkson|first2=Carla I.|date=2010-05-28|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=978-1-4020-3664-4|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Insyd 2003, she begin a new study wey dey look at breast cancer den genetics from African women from Nigeria to [[Senegal]] den also African-American women insyd Chicago. By 2005, she find say 80% of tumors insyd African women no dey hia estrogen to grow dem compare to 20% of tumors insyd de Caucasian women. She sanso find say na dis be due to a different pattern of gene expression between de African women den de Caucasian women.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last1=Ikpatt|first1=Offiong Francis|title=Genetics of Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent: An Overview|date=2006|work=Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent|pages=23–37|editor-last=Williams|editor-first=Christopher Kwesi O.|place=Dordrecht|publisher=Springer Netherlands|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-3664-4_2|isbn=978-1-4020-3664-4|last2=Olopade|first2=Olufunmilayo I.|editor2-last=Olopade|editor2-first=Olufunmilayo I.|editor3-last=Falkson|editor3-first=Carla I.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

==External links==
{{sister project links||d=Q7088836|c=Category:Olufunmilayo Olopade|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}}
*[https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/find-a-physician/physician/olufunmilayo-i-olopade &quot;Olufunmilayo Olopade, MD, Physician Profile&quot;] ''UChicago Medicine''
*[http://scicom.ucsc.edu/QandA/AAAS08/Olopade &quot;The SciCom Interview: Olufunmilayo Olopade&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603092050/http://scicom.ucsc.edu/QandA/AAAS08/Olopade |date=2010-06-03 }}
*[https://www.pbs.org/kcet/tavissmiley/archive/200907/20090710_olopade.html &quot;Dr. Olufunmilayo Olopade&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726221959/http://www.pbs.org/kcet/tavissmiley/archive/200907/20090710_olopade.html |date=2009-07-26 }}, ''Tavis Smiley'', July 10, 2009
*[http://www.portofharlem.net/archives/coverstories/febapr2008.html &quot; Is the Answer in Your Genes?&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701043132/http://www.portofharlem.net/archives/coverstories/febapr2008.html |date=2019-07-01 }}, ''Port of Harlem'', Feb - Apr 2008
*[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/03/080317164342.htm &quot;Breast Cancer In Black Women May Be Connected To Neighborhood Conditions, Study Suggests&quot;], '''ScienceDaily'', Mar. 20, 2008
*&quot;Olopade, Olufunmilayo .&quot; Newsmakers 2006 Cumulation . . Retrieved February 27, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/culture-magazines/olopade-olufunmilayo.
*https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-1599
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'''Olufunmilayo I. Olopade''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Olufunmilayo Olopade.wav|Listen|help=no}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, M.D., F.A.C.P., O.O.N. {{!}} Office of Research |url=https://www.vumc.org/oor/person/olufunmilayo-i-olopade-md-facp-oon |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=www.vumc.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; dem born insyd de year 1957,&lt;ref name=&quot;scientist20132&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/36681/title/Cancer-Knows-No-Borders/|work=The Scientist|title=Cancer Knows No Borders|last=Scudellari|first=Megan|date=August 1, 2013|access-date=September 27, 2013|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; be a Nigerian hematology oncologist, Associate Dean for Global Health and Walter L. Palmer, Distinguished Service Professor insyd Medicine den Human Genetics at de University of Chicago.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.uchospitals.edu/physicians/olufunmilayo-olopade.html|title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, MD, FACP|publisher=The University of Chicago Medicine|access-date=July 26, 2013|archive-date=October 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023091654/http://www.uchospitals.edu/physicians/olufunmilayo-olopade.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.genes.uchicago.edu/olopade.html|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade, Ph.D. Research &amp; Selected Publications|publisher=The University of Chicago Biological Sciences; Department of Human Genetics|access-date=July 27, 2013|archive-date=September 27, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927110550/http://www.genes.uchicago.edu/olopade.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; She sanso dey serve as director of de University of Chicago Hospital's Cancer Risk Clinic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-06-25 |title=Dr. Olufunmilayo Olopade: Closing Disparities Through Genetic Testing {{!}} Leading Discoveries Magazine |url=https://leadingdiscoveries.aacr.org/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-closing-disparities-through-genetic-testing/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Life ==
Dem born Olufunmilayo Olopade insyd Nigeria insyd 1957 wey she be de fifth of six kiddies dem born to an Anglican musician.

She attend St Anne's School insyd Ibadan for ein secondary school education. Olopade first express ein interest insyd make she cam be a doctor at a young age secof de Nigerian villages be scarce for doctors den medical resources wich be both insyd high demand.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Olopade, Olufunmilayo Falusi {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/olopade-olufunmilayo-falusi|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

She graduate from de [[University of Ibadan]] insyd Nigeria plus an MBBS insyd 1980.&lt;ref name=&quot;cancerbio.uchicago.edu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade {{!}} Committee on Cancer Biology|url=https://cancerbio.uchicago.edu/program/faculty/olufunmilayo-olopade|website=cancerbio.uchicago.edu|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

She dey work closely plus de Breast Cancer Research Foundation&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bcrfcure.org/action_meetres_funmi.html|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade, MD, FACP :: Profile|publisher=The Breast Cancer Research Foundation|access-date=July 26, 2013|archive-date=October 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002075700/http://www.bcrfcure.org/action_meetres_funmi.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; wey she perform extensive clinical work wey dey surround de role of de ''BRCA1'' den ''BRCA2'' genes insyd de incidence of breast cancer insyd women of African descent.&lt;ref name=&quot;scientist20132&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.asco.org/about-asco/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-receives-asco-acs-award-pioneering-research-breast-cancer|title=Dr. Olufunmilayo Olopade Receives ASCO ACS Award for Pioneering Research in Breast Cancer Genetics|publisher=American Society of Clinical Oncology|access-date=June 26, 2013|archive-date=July 5, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705102631/http://www.asco.org/about-asco/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-receives-asco-acs-award-pioneering-research-breast-cancer|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

She be a member of de American Association for Cancer Research,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/aacr-academy/inaugural-class/olufunmilayo-olopade.aspx |title= Olufunmilayo I. Olopade |publisher= American Association for Cancer Research |year= 2001 |website= AACR |access-date= June 6, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130929235550/http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/aacr-academy/inaugural-class/olufunmilayo-olopade.aspx |archive-date= September 29, 2013 |url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; de American College of Physicians, de Nigerian Medical Association, de American Philosophical Society,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Olufunmilayo+Olopade&amp;title=&amp;subject=&amp;subdiv=&amp;mem=&amp;year=&amp;year-max=&amp;dead=&amp;keyword=&amp;smode=advanced|access-date=2021-04-02|website=search.amphilsoc.org|archive-date=2021-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522194658/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Olufunmilayo+Olopade&amp;title=&amp;subject=&amp;subdiv=&amp;mem=&amp;year=&amp;year-max=&amp;dead=&amp;keyword=&amp;smode=advanced|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; den de Institute of Medicine.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iom.edu/Global/Directory/Detail.aspx?id=0020018661|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120802223645/http://www.iom.edu/Global/Directory/Detail.aspx?id=0020018661|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 2, 2012|title=Directory: IOM Member - Olufunmilayo F. Olopade, M.D., FACP, OON|publisher=Institute of Medicine|access-date=June 28, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.uchicago.edu/article/2011/03/02/president-obama-names-olopade-national-cancer-advisory-board|title=President Obama names Olopade to National Cancer Advisory Board|last=Easton|first=John|date=2 March 2011|work=The University of Chicago News|access-date=27 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early career ==
Olufunmilayo start ein career insyd 1980 as a medical officer insyd de Nigerian Navy Hospital. She move go de US insyd 1983 wey she work at Cook County Hospital insyd Chicago til 1987.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/culture-magazines/olopade-olufunmilayo|title=Olopade, Olufunmilayo {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=2020-03-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; Insyd 1991, Olufunmilayo join de University of Chicago as an assistant professor insyd hematology den oncology, Dean of Global Health, den Director of de Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics at de University of Chicago.&lt;ref name=&quot;cancerbio.uchicago.edu&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ojigbo|first=Solomon|date=2017-07-04|title=Prof. Olufunmilayo Olopade: Pacesetter and Game-changer In Breast Cancer Treatment|url=https://www.pharmanewsonline.com/prof-olufunmilayo-olopade-pacesetter-and-game-changer-in-breast-cancer-treatment/|access-date=2020-06-11|website=Pharmanewsonline|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Awards ==

* 1975: Nigerian Federal Government Merit Award&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=You can't ignore these 10 awardees of national honours|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/you-cant-ignore-these-10-awardees-of-national-honours.html|last=Abbah|first=Theophilus|date=2012-09-16|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2020-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607190529/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/you-cant-ignore-these-10-awardees-of-national-honours.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1978: Nigerian Medical Association Award for Excellence in Pediatrics&lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2019-02-21 |title=OLOPEDE, Prof (Mrs) Olufunmilayo |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/olopede-prof-mrs-olufunmilayo/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1980: Nigerian Medical Association Award for Excellence in Medicine &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, MD |url=https://www.aacr.org/professionals/membership/aacr-academy/fellows/olufunmilayo-i-olopade-md/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1990: Ellen Ruth Lebow Fellowship&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dr. Olufunmilayo I. Olopade – H3Africa |url=https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-olufunmilayo-i-olopade/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1991: American Society for Clinical Oncology Young Investigator Award &lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;/&gt;
* 1992: James S. McDonnell Foundation Scholar Award &lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;/&gt;
* 2000:Doris Duke Distinguished Clinical Scientist Award &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dr. Olufunmilayo I. Olopade – H3Africa |url=https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-olufunmilayo-i-olopade/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=h3africa.org |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2003: Phenomenal Woman Award for work within de African-American Community &lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;/&gt;
* 2005: Access Community Network's Heroes in Healthcare Award &lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;/&gt;
* 2005 MacArthur Fellows Program&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.macfound.org/fellows/769/|publisher=MacArthur foundation|title=MacArthur Fellows Program:Olufunmilayo Olopade|access-date=July 27, 2013|date= September 1, 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2015: Four Freedoms Award
* 2017: Villanova University Mendel Medal
*On Saturday, May 18, 2019, The Lincoln Academy of Illinois grant Olopade de Order of Lincoln award, de highest honor wey de State of Illinois bestow.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thelincolnacademyofillinois.org/2019-laureates-announced-gov-rauner/|title=2019 Laureates Announced by Gov. Rauner|website=The Lincoln Academy of Illinois|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-27|archive-date=2019-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827194444/https://thelincolnacademyofillinois.org/2019-laureates-announced-gov-rauner/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2021: Member of de U. S. National Academy of Sciences.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/2021-nas-election.html|title=News from the National Academy of Sciences|date=April 26, 2021|access-date=July 5, 2021|quote=Newly elected members and their affiliations at the time of election are: ... Olopade, Olufunmilayo F.; Walter L. Palmer Distinguished Service Professor of Medicine and Human Genetics, department of medicine, and director, Center for Clinical Genetics and Global Health, University of Chicago, Chicago}}, entry in member directory:{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20018661.html|title=Member Directory|access-date=July 5, 2021|publisher=National Academy of Sciences}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== MacArthur Fellows Program ===
Olufunmilayo Olopade be one of de three African-Americans to receive de $500,000 award. John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation wey appoint dis award. Dem dey give dis &quot;no strings attached&quot; stipend grant as support for up to five years wey e be referred to as de &quot;genius grant.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.macfound.org/programs/fellows/|title=MacArthur Fellows|website=MacArthur Foundation|access-date=January 2, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dis grant allow Olopade to continue ein research on ein groundbreaking discoveries on diseases den health concerns.

== Family ==
Insyd 1983, she marry Christopher Sola Olopade wey sanso be a physician at de University of Chicago. Dem get two daughters, wey dey include journalist Dayo Olopade, den one son.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.notablebiographies.com/newsmakers2/2006-Le-Ra/Olopade-Olufunmilayo.html|publisher=Encyclopedia of World Biography|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade:Physician, oncologist and geneticist|access-date= July 27, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Research ==
Na chaw of ein research be on de susceptibility to cancer wich go then be used to adopt a more effective way of treating breast cancer among de African den African-American individuals den populations.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Insyd 1987 at de University of Chicago, she find a gene wey help suppress tumor growth.

Insyd 1992, Olopade help found de University of Chicago ein Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics. Hie, she find say African-American women often develop breast cancer at younger ages dan white women.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Olopade|first1=Olufunmilayo I.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J4aqm3_v_3cC&amp;pg=PA24 |title=Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent|last2=Falkson|first2=Carla I.|date=2010-05-28|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=978-1-4020-3664-4|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Insyd 2003, she begin a new study wey dey look at breast cancer den genetics from African women from Nigeria to [[Senegal]] den also African-American women insyd Chicago. By 2005, she find say 80% of tumors insyd African women no dey hia estrogen to grow dem compare to 20% of tumors insyd de Caucasian women. She sanso find say na dis be due to a different pattern of gene expression between de African women den de Caucasian women.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last1=Ikpatt|first1=Offiong Francis|title=Genetics of Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent: An Overview|date=2006|work=Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent|pages=23–37|editor-last=Williams|editor-first=Christopher Kwesi O.|place=Dordrecht|publisher=Springer Netherlands|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-3664-4_2|isbn=978-1-4020-3664-4|last2=Olopade|first2=Olufunmilayo I.|editor2-last=Olopade|editor2-first=Olufunmilayo I.|editor3-last=Falkson|editor3-first=Carla I.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

==External links==
{{sister project links||d=Q7088836|c=Category:Olufunmilayo Olopade|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}}
*[https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/find-a-physician/physician/olufunmilayo-i-olopade &quot;Olufunmilayo Olopade, MD, Physician Profile&quot;] ''UChicago Medicine''
*[http://scicom.ucsc.edu/QandA/AAAS08/Olopade &quot;The SciCom Interview: Olufunmilayo Olopade&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603092050/http://scicom.ucsc.edu/QandA/AAAS08/Olopade |date=2010-06-03 }}
*[https://www.pbs.org/kcet/tavissmiley/archive/200907/20090710_olopade.html &quot;Dr. Olufunmilayo Olopade&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726221959/http://www.pbs.org/kcet/tavissmiley/archive/200907/20090710_olopade.html |date=2009-07-26 }}, ''Tavis Smiley'', July 10, 2009
*[http://www.portofharlem.net/archives/coverstories/febapr2008.html &quot; Is the Answer in Your Genes?&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701043132/http://www.portofharlem.net/archives/coverstories/febapr2008.html |date=2019-07-01 }}, ''Port of Harlem'', Feb - Apr 2008
*[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/03/080317164342.htm &quot;Breast Cancer In Black Women May Be Connected To Neighborhood Conditions, Study Suggests&quot;], '''ScienceDaily'', Mar. 20, 2008
*&quot;Olopade, Olufunmilayo .&quot; Newsmakers 2006 Cumulation . . Retrieved February 27, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/culture-magazines/olopade-olufunmilayo.
*https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-1599
{{authority control}}
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[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:21st-century Nigerian scientists]]
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Nigerian oncologists]]
[[Category:University of Ibadan alumni]]
[[Category:University of Chicago faculty]]
[[Category:MacArthur Fellows]]
[[Category:Nigerian people]]
[[Category:Nigerian women medical doctors]]
[[Category:Nigerian emigrants to de United States]]
[[Category:21st-century African-American scientists]]
[[Category:American scientists]]
[[Category:Yoruba women medical doctors]]
[[Category:Yoruba medical doctors]]
[[Category:American women scientists]]
[[Category:Cancer researchers]]
[[Category:Nigerian women biologists]]
[[Category:American women medical doctors]]
[[Category:Nigerian women academics]]
[[Category:St Anne's School, Ibadan alumni]]
[[Category:Members of de American Philosophical Society]]
[[Category:Members of de United States National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of de National Academy of Medicine]]
[[Category:Cancer insyd Nigeria]]
[[Category:21st-century African-American academics]]
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'''Doris Nkiruka Uzoka-Anite''' (born 16 October 1973) be a Nigerian politician, medical doctor den financial analyst. Na she be Minister for Industry, Trade den Investment of Nigeria between August 2023 den October 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Ekugo, Ngozi (27 July 2023). [https://nairametrics.com/2023/07/27/meet-dr-doris-anite-a-medical-doctor-turned-banker-now-a-ministerial-nominee/ &quot;Meet Dr. Doris Anite, a medical doctor turned banker, now a ministerial nominee&quot;]. ''www.nairametrics.com''&lt;/ref&gt; Now she be de current Minister of State for Finance,she come office for dis position since November 2, 2024.&lt;ref&gt;Anyanwu, Samuel (4 November 2024). [https://fmino.gov.ng/new-era-of-economic-reforms-dr-doris-uuzoka-anite-joins-finance-ministry-as-minister-of-state/ &quot;NEW ERA OF ECONOMIC REFORMS: Dr. Doris Uuzoka-Anite joins Finance Ministry as Minister of State]&quot;. ''fmino.gov.ng''. Retrieved 25 January 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life den education ==
Dem born Doris Nkiruka Uzoka on 16 October 1973 for Orsu-Obodo, Oru Clan, Oguta, Imo State, Nigeria. She go school for de medical field at de [[University of Benin (Nigeria)|University of Benin]] wey she qualify as medical doctor insyd 1999.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; She san earn de Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) certification.

== Career ==
Uzoka-Anite start ein career for banking at de Zenith Bank Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) before she move to head de Human Resources den Training department. Insyd 2011, she change den move Treasury, wey dem name am de bank ein treasurer insyd 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Government career ===
Insyd March 2021, dem appoint am as de Commissioner for Finance den Co-ordinator of de Economy insyd Imo State by Governor Hope Uzodinma&lt;ref&gt;Alozie, Chinonso (11 March 2020). &quot;[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/03/imo-commissioners-list-out/ Imo commissioners' list out]&quot;. ''Vanguard''. Lagos, Nigeria.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Princely, Onyenwe (24 March 2021). [https://9newsng.com/meet-imo-commissioner-for-finance-dr-mrs-doris-nkiruka-uzoka-anite-photos/#:~:text=The%20bold%2C%20beautiful%2C%20brainy%2C%20is%20the%20youngest%20Commissioner,%284%29%20Commissioners%20sworn%20in%20today%20by%20the%20Governor &quot;Meet Imo Commissioner for Finance, Dr.(Mrs). Doris Nkiruka Uzoka Anite (Photos)&quot;]. ''www.9newsng.com''&lt;/ref&gt; after he win de 2023 presidential election, na she dey part of de 28 ministerial nominees wey President Bola Tinubu nominate wey dem send for de Senate for screening.&lt;ref&gt;Bada, Yusuf (27 July 2023). &quot;[https://www.legit.ng/politics/1546231-ministerial-list-full-list-28-nominees-president-tinubu-sends-senate/#google_vignette Ministerial List: Full List of 28 Nominees President Tinubu Sends to Senate&quot;]. ''Legit.ng''.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dem formally inaugurate am on Monday, 21 August 2023 as Minister for Industry, Trade den Investment by President Tinubu.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://guardian.ng/news/doris-wike-umahi-bosun-and-pate-makes-list-of-super-ministers-to-watch-out-for/ Doris, Wike, Umahi, Bosun and Pate makes list of super Ministers to watch out for]&quot;. ''www.guardian.ng''. 20 August 2023&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/08/we-are-ready-to-open-nigeria-for-more-business-investments-uzoka-anite/ We are ready to open Nigeria for more business investments – Uzoka-Anite]&quot;. ''Vanguard''. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 21 August 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Personal life ==
Ein mommie be Victoria Uzoka wey she die insyd July 2024.&lt;ref&gt;Angbulu, Stephen (8 July 2024). &quot;[https://punchng.com/tinubu-consoles-minister-uzoka-anite-over-mothers-death/ Tinubu consoles minister, Uzoka-Anite, over mother's death&quot;]. ''The Punch''. Retrieved 21 July 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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'''Doris Nkiruka Uzoka-Anite''' (born 16 October 1973) be a Nigerian politician, medical doctor den financial analyst. Na she be Minister for Industry, Trade den Investment of Nigeria between August 2023 den October 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Ekugo, Ngozi (27 July 2023). [https://nairametrics.com/2023/07/27/meet-dr-doris-anite-a-medical-doctor-turned-banker-now-a-ministerial-nominee/ &quot;Meet Dr. Doris Anite, a medical doctor turned banker, now a ministerial nominee&quot;]. ''www.nairametrics.com''&lt;/ref&gt; Now she be de current Minister of State for Finance,she come office for dis position since November 2, 2024.&lt;ref&gt;Anyanwu, Samuel (4 November 2024). [https://fmino.gov.ng/new-era-of-economic-reforms-dr-doris-uuzoka-anite-joins-finance-ministry-as-minister-of-state/ &quot;NEW ERA OF ECONOMIC REFORMS: Dr. Doris Uuzoka-Anite joins Finance Ministry as Minister of State]&quot;. ''fmino.gov.ng''. Retrieved 25 January 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life den education ==
Dem born Doris Nkiruka Uzoka on 16 October 1973 for Orsu-Obodo, Oru Clan, Oguta, Imo State, Nigeria. She go school for de medical field at de [[University of Benin (Nigeria)|University of Benin]] wey she qualify as medical doctor insyd 1999.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; She san earn de Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) certification.

== Career ==
Uzoka-Anite start ein career for banking at de Zenith Bank Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) before she move to head de Human Resources den Training department. Insyd 2011, she change den move Treasury, wey dem name am de bank ein treasurer insyd 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Government career ===
Insyd March 2021, dem appoint am as de Commissioner for Finance den Co-ordinator of de Economy insyd Imo State by Governor Hope Uzodinma&lt;ref&gt;Alozie, Chinonso (11 March 2020). &quot;[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/03/imo-commissioners-list-out/ Imo commissioners' list out]&quot;. ''Vanguard''. Lagos, Nigeria.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Princely, Onyenwe (24 March 2021). [https://9newsng.com/meet-imo-commissioner-for-finance-dr-mrs-doris-nkiruka-uzoka-anite-photos/#:~:text=The%20bold%2C%20beautiful%2C%20brainy%2C%20is%20the%20youngest%20Commissioner,%284%29%20Commissioners%20sworn%20in%20today%20by%20the%20Governor &quot;Meet Imo Commissioner for Finance, Dr.(Mrs). Doris Nkiruka Uzoka Anite (Photos)&quot;]. ''www.9newsng.com''&lt;/ref&gt; after he win de 2023 presidential election, na she dey part of de 28 ministerial nominees wey President Bola Tinubu nominate wey dem send for de Senate for screening.&lt;ref&gt;Bada, Yusuf (27 July 2023). &quot;[https://www.legit.ng/politics/1546231-ministerial-list-full-list-28-nominees-president-tinubu-sends-senate/#google_vignette Ministerial List: Full List of 28 Nominees President Tinubu Sends to Senate&quot;]. ''Legit.ng''.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dem formally inaugurate am on Monday, 21 August 2023 as Minister for Industry, Trade den Investment by President Tinubu.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://guardian.ng/news/doris-wike-umahi-bosun-and-pate-makes-list-of-super-ministers-to-watch-out-for/ Doris, Wike, Umahi, Bosun and Pate makes list of super Ministers to watch out for]&quot;. ''www.guardian.ng''. 20 August 2023&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/08/we-are-ready-to-open-nigeria-for-more-business-investments-uzoka-anite/ We are ready to open Nigeria for more business investments – Uzoka-Anite]&quot;. ''Vanguard''. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 21 August 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Personal life ==
Ein mommie be Victoria Uzoka wey she die insyd July 2024.&lt;ref&gt;Angbulu, Stephen (8 July 2024). &quot;[https://punchng.com/tinubu-consoles-minister-uzoka-anite-over-mothers-death/ Tinubu consoles minister, Uzoka-Anite, over mother's death&quot;]. ''The Punch''. Retrieved 21 July 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
{{wikiquote}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Uzoka-Anite, Doris}}
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:Nigerian people]]
[[Category:Women government ministers of Nigeria]]
[[Category:People wey komot Imo State]]
[[Category:University of Benin (Nigeria) alumni]]
[[Category:Nigerian women insyd politics]]
[[Category:21st-century Nigerian women politicians]]
[[Category:Nigerian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Nigerian financial analysts]]</text>
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'''Doris Nkiruka Uzoka-Anite''' (born 16 October 1973) be a Nigerian politician, medical doctor den financial analyst. Na she be Minister for Industry, Trade den Investment of Nigeria between August 2023 den October 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Ekugo, Ngozi (27 July 2023). [https://nairametrics.com/2023/07/27/meet-dr-doris-anite-a-medical-doctor-turned-banker-now-a-ministerial-nominee/ &quot;Meet Dr. Doris Anite, a medical doctor turned banker, now a ministerial nominee&quot;]. ''www.nairametrics.com''&lt;/ref&gt; Now she be de current Minister of State for Finance, she come office for dis position since November 2, 2024.&lt;ref&gt;Anyanwu, Samuel (4 November 2024). [https://fmino.gov.ng/new-era-of-economic-reforms-dr-doris-uuzoka-anite-joins-finance-ministry-as-minister-of-state/ &quot;NEW ERA OF ECONOMIC REFORMS: Dr. Doris Uuzoka-Anite joins Finance Ministry as Minister of State]&quot;. ''fmino.gov.ng''. Retrieved 25 January 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life den education ==
Dem born Doris Nkiruka Uzoka on 16 October 1973 for Orsu-Obodo, Oru Clan, Oguta, Imo State, Nigeria. She go school for de medical field at de [[University of Benin (Nigeria)|University of Benin]] wey she qualify as medical doctor insyd 1999.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; She san earn de Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) certification.

== Career ==
Uzoka-Anite start ein career for banking at de Zenith Bank Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) before she move to head de Human Resources den Training department. Insyd 2011, she change den move Treasury, wey dem name am de bank ein treasurer insyd 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Government career ===
Insyd March 2021, dem appoint am as de Commissioner for Finance den Co-ordinator of de Economy insyd Imo State by Governor Hope Uzodinma&lt;ref&gt;Alozie, Chinonso (11 March 2020). &quot;[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/03/imo-commissioners-list-out/ Imo commissioners' list out]&quot;. ''Vanguard''. Lagos, Nigeria.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Princely, Onyenwe (24 March 2021). [https://9newsng.com/meet-imo-commissioner-for-finance-dr-mrs-doris-nkiruka-uzoka-anite-photos/#:~:text=The%20bold%2C%20beautiful%2C%20brainy%2C%20is%20the%20youngest%20Commissioner,%284%29%20Commissioners%20sworn%20in%20today%20by%20the%20Governor &quot;Meet Imo Commissioner for Finance, Dr.(Mrs). Doris Nkiruka Uzoka Anite (Photos)&quot;]. ''www.9newsng.com''&lt;/ref&gt; after he win de 2023 presidential election, na she dey part of de 28 ministerial nominees wey President Bola Tinubu nominate wey dem send for de Senate for screening.&lt;ref&gt;Bada, Yusuf (27 July 2023). &quot;[https://www.legit.ng/politics/1546231-ministerial-list-full-list-28-nominees-president-tinubu-sends-senate/#google_vignette Ministerial List: Full List of 28 Nominees President Tinubu Sends to Senate&quot;]. ''Legit.ng''.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dem formally inaugurate am on Monday, 21 August 2023 as Minister for Industry, Trade den Investment by President Tinubu.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://guardian.ng/news/doris-wike-umahi-bosun-and-pate-makes-list-of-super-ministers-to-watch-out-for/ Doris, Wike, Umahi, Bosun and Pate makes list of super Ministers to watch out for]&quot;. ''www.guardian.ng''. 20 August 2023&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/08/we-are-ready-to-open-nigeria-for-more-business-investments-uzoka-anite/ We are ready to open Nigeria for more business investments – Uzoka-Anite]&quot;. ''Vanguard''. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 21 August 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Personal life ==
Ein mommie be Victoria Uzoka wey she die insyd July 2024.&lt;ref&gt;Angbulu, Stephen (8 July 2024). &quot;[https://punchng.com/tinubu-consoles-minister-uzoka-anite-over-mothers-death/ Tinubu consoles minister, Uzoka-Anite, over mother's death&quot;]. ''The Punch''. Retrieved 21 July 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
{{wikiquote}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Uzoka-Anite, Doris}}
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:Nigerian people]]
[[Category:Women government ministers of Nigeria]]
[[Category:People wey komot Imo State]]
[[Category:University of Benin (Nigeria) alumni]]
[[Category:Nigerian women insyd politics]]
[[Category:21st-century Nigerian women politicians]]
[[Category:Nigerian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Nigerian financial analysts]]</text>
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    <title>Nenadi Usman</title>
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'''Nenadi Esther Usman''' (born 12 November 1966) be a Nigerian politician wey serve as de National Chairman of de Labour Party since 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ede |first=Ndidiamaka |title=Court sacks Julius Abure as Labour Party chair, names party's authentic leader |newspaper=[[Premium Times]] |date=21 January 2026 |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/850977-court-sacks-julius-abure-as-labour-party-chair-names-partys-authentic-leader.html |access-date=22 January 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; A former Minister of Finance, dem elect am senator of de Federal Republic of Nigeria wey dey represent de Kaduna South Senatorial District insyd de April 2011 elections, running on de People's Democratic Party (PDP) platform.&lt;ref name=Musa20110414&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://dailytrust.dailytrust.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=16960:as-kaduna-acn-rejects-election-results&amp;catid=1:news&amp;Itemid=2 |title=...As Kaduna ACN rejects election results |date=14 April 2011 |author=Ibraheem Musa |access-date=21 April 2011 |archive-date=14 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814063722/http://dailytrust.dailytrust.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=16960:as-kaduna-acn-rejects-election-results&amp;catid=1:news&amp;Itemid=2 |url-status=dead|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==</text>
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'''Nenadi Esther Usman''' (born 12 November 1966) be a Nigerian politician wey serve as de National Chairman of de Labour Party since 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ede |first=Ndidiamaka |title=Court sacks Julius Abure as Labour Party chair, names party's authentic leader |newspaper=[[Premium Times]] |date=21 January 2026 |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/850977-court-sacks-julius-abure-as-labour-party-chair-names-partys-authentic-leader.html |access-date=22 January 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; A former Minister of Finance, dem elect am senator of de Federal Republic of Nigeria wey dey represent de Kaduna South Senatorial District insyd de April 2011 elections, running on de People's Democratic Party (PDP) platform.&lt;ref name=Musa20110414&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://dailytrust.dailytrust.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=16960:as-kaduna-acn-rejects-election-results&amp;catid=1:news&amp;Itemid=2 |title=...As Kaduna ACN rejects election results |date=14 April 2011 |author=Ibraheem Musa |access-date=21 April 2011 |archive-date=14 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814063722/http://dailytrust.dailytrust.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=16960:as-kaduna-acn-rejects-election-results&amp;catid=1:news&amp;Itemid=2 |url-status=dead|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Personal life ==
Nenadi marry HRH Dr. Sa'ad Usman, de Emir of Jere insyd Kaduna state wey die insyd March 2020 at de age of 70, after suffering from a spinal cord problem.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Ogunyemi|first=Ifedayo|date=1 April 2020|title=Former minister of finance, Nenadi Usman, loses husband|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/former-minister-of-finance-nenadi-usman-loses-husband/|access-date=19 March 2024|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=1 April 2020|title=Former Finance Minister Nenadi Usman loses husband|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/former-finance-minister-nenadi-usman-loses-husband/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=22 May 2021|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==</text>
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'''Nenadi Esther Usman''' (born 12 November 1966) be a Nigerian politician wey serve as de National Chairman of de Labour Party since 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ede |first=Ndidiamaka |title=Court sacks Julius Abure as Labour Party chair, names party's authentic leader |newspaper=[[Premium Times]] |date=21 January 2026 |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/850977-court-sacks-julius-abure-as-labour-party-chair-names-partys-authentic-leader.html |access-date=22 January 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; A former Minister of Finance, dem elect am senator of de Federal Republic of Nigeria wey dey represent de Kaduna South Senatorial District insyd de April 2011 elections, running on de People's Democratic Party (PDP) platform.&lt;ref name=Musa20110414&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://dailytrust.dailytrust.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=16960:as-kaduna-acn-rejects-election-results&amp;catid=1:news&amp;Itemid=2 |title=...As Kaduna ACN rejects election results |date=14 April 2011 |author=Ibraheem Musa |access-date=21 April 2011 |archive-date=14 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814063722/http://dailytrust.dailytrust.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=16960:as-kaduna-acn-rejects-election-results&amp;catid=1:news&amp;Itemid=2 |url-status=dead|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Personal life ==
Nenadi marry HRH Dr. Sa'ad Usman, de Emir of Jere insyd Kaduna state wey die insyd March 2020 at de age of 70, after suffering from a spinal cord problem.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Ogunyemi|first=Ifedayo|date=1 April 2020|title=Former minister of finance, Nenadi Usman, loses husband|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/former-minister-of-finance-nenadi-usman-loses-husband/|access-date=19 March 2024|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=1 April 2020|title=Former Finance Minister Nenadi Usman loses husband|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/former-finance-minister-nenadi-usman-loses-husband/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=22 May 2021|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
* [http://nenadiusman.com Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207213343/http://nenadiusman.com/ |date=7 February 2011 }}

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[[Category:Atyap people]]
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[[Category:Senators of de 7th National Assembly (Nigeria)]]
[[Category:People wey komot Kaduna State]]</text>
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    <title>Harimia Ahmed</title>
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[[Harimia Ahmed]] be [[Comoros|Comorian]] lawyer wey people know am as de first female lawyer for de country ein history. She serve as de Minister of Justice den sanso as de president of de bar council.

For ein career insyd, Harimia Ahmed work as defense counsel for chaw high-profile clients for de islands demma courts. Ein work make am one of de most important legal figures for de Comoros.

== Ein career ==
Harimia Ahmed be de wifey of Idi Nadhoim, wey be de Vice-President of de Comoros from 2006 go reach 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010-11-04 |title=COMOROS ISLANDS • Couple takes its distance from Sambi - 06/11/2010 - The Indian Ocean Newsletter |url=https://www.africaintelligence.com/southern-africa-and-islands/2010/11/06/couple-takes-its-distance-from-sambi,86064150-art |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=Africa Intelligence |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Interview : IDI Nadhoim, ancien vice président de l'union des Comores |url=https://www.habarizacomores.com/2011/09/interview-idi-nadhoim-ancien-vice.html |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=HabarizaComores.com {{!}} Toute l'actualité des Comores |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; She start dey practice law since at least 1994, wey she be de first female lawyer wey work for de Comoros insyd.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Harmia Ahmed nommée consul honoraire du Sénégal à Moroni |url=https://www.habarizacomores.com/2012/03/harmia-ahmed-nommee-consul-honoraire-du.html |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=HabarizaComores.com {{!}} Toute l'actualité des Comores |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; For April 2003, Harimia represent Comoros for de fourth Indian Ocean Law Faculty Competition wey happen for Moroni. She join one &quot;fictitious&quot; public trial plus other lawyers wey commot from French-speaking countries like [[Madagascar]], [[Mauritius]], den Réunion.

Harimia Ahmed serve three terms as de president of de Comoros bar council. She talk say for ein time, de council grow from only two members for 1968 go reach more than 40 people when she finish ein term. She get big dreams say she go make de council work well, make transparency dey, den make everyone get equal service. For de time she be bar council president, she also work as legal adviser give de Comoros government, wey for 2007 she come turn de Minister of Justice.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bank |first=World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j0dKCV7gqAsC |title=Doing Business 2007: How to Reform |date=2006-01-01 |publisher=World Bank Publications |isbn=978-0-8213-6489-5 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our correspondents &amp; consultants {{!}} AQUEREBURU &amp; Partners |url=http://www.aquereburu-partners.com/our-correspondents-consultants/?lang=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317053227/http://www.aquereburu-partners.com/our-correspondents-consultants/?lang=en |archive-date=2018-03-17 |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=www.aquereburu-partners.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2008-01-18 |title=COMOROS ISLANDS • Serious conflict at the top - 19/01/2008 - The Indian Ocean Newsletter |url=https://www.africaintelligence.com/southern-africa-and-islands/2008/01/19/serious-conflict-at-the-top,37017042-art |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=Africa Intelligence |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; By 2010, she be de vice-president for de Comoros chapter of de Africa Center for Strategic Studies, wey for 2012 dem appoint am as honorary consul for [[Senegal]] for Comoros.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Center |first=Africa |title=CBW 19 Jan 420 |date=2010-01-19 |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/africa_center/4442421991/ |access-date=2026-03-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Harmia Ahmed nommée consul honoraire du Sénégal à Moroni |url=https://www.habarizacomores.com/2012/03/harmia-ahmed-nommee-consul-honoraire-du.html |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=HabarizaComores.com {{!}} Toute l'actualité des Comores |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For de year 2000, Harimia work as defense lawyer for Cheikh Ali Bacar Kassim, wey be former member of de Comoros Assembly. Kassim be big opponent to de military-coup leader den president Assoumani Azzali. He talk plenty about money issues for de top government levels wey he ask say make dem overthrow de government. Dat time, dem refuse make Harimia meet Kassim, so Kassim start &quot;hunger strike&quot; (he shun dey eat) to protest.&lt;ref name=&quot;ali&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Comoros: Detained Politician Goes On Hunger Strike|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200009070319.html|accessdate=9 November 2017|agency=Panafrican News Agency (Dakar)|publisher=AllAfrica|date=7 September 2000}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For 2011, Harimia represent Brigadier-General Salimou Mogamed Amiri, wey be former chief of staff for de Comoros Army. Dem charge am say he kill Lieutenant-Colonel Combo Ayouba den say he join rebellion.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Affaire Salimou: L'ancien chef d'état-major de l'AND relaxé par le tribunal |url=https://www.habarizacomores.com/2011/04/affaire-salimou-lancien-chef-detat.html |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=HabarizaComores.com {{!}} Toute l'actualité des Comores |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dem also charge fourteen of Amiri ein bodyguards for rebellion becos dem fight back when police come arrest demma general. For de end, de court talk say Amiri den almost all ein bodyguards no do de rebellion, but dem still keep de general for house arrest becos of de murder charge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=人民网--404页面 |url=http://www.people.cn/404/error.html |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=www.people.cn}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmed, Harimia}}
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:Comorian people]]
[[Category:Women government ministers of de Comoros]]
[[Category:Comorian lawyers]]
[[Category:Justice ministers of de Comoros]]
[[Category:21st-century Comorian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Comorian politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century women lawyers]]
[[Category:21st-century women lawyers]]
[[Category:First women lawyers]]</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987.</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women.</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am.</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top.</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus.</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority.</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed.</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido.</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi.</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e become an independent economic consultant.</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd). 

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd). Ethnically, she be Tutsi.  

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd). Ethnically, she be Tutsi. Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home.   

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd). Ethnically, she be Tutsi. Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.    

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd). Ethnically, she be Tutsi. Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie. Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education.     

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd). Ethnically, she be Tutsi. Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie. Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd.      

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi. Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie. Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd.      

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie. Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd.      

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd.      

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.      

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;      

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi, wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four anaa five kiddies plus am.       

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi, wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four anaa five kiddies plus am. He be ethnically Hutu.        

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi, wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four anaa five kiddies plus am. He be ethnically Hutu. Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.         

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi, wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four anaa five kiddies plus am. He be ethnically Hutu. Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies. He die for either 1992 anaa 1993 insyd.         

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four anaa five kiddies plus am. He be ethnically Hutu. Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies. He die for either 1992 anaa 1993 insyd.         

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am. He be ethnically Hutu. Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies. He die for either 1992 anaa 1993 insyd.         

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu. Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies. He die for either 1992 anaa 1993 insyd.         

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies. He die for either 1992 anaa 1993 insyd.         

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992 anaa 1993 insyd.         

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.         

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;         

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ein career ==

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ein career ==

==== Ein early political den government work ====

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ein career ==

==== Ein early political den government work ====
Burundi becam independent from Belgium as Burundi for July 1962 insyd. 

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ein career ==

==== Ein early political den government work ====
Burundi becam independent from Belgium as Burundi for July 1962 insyd. De country quickly fall under de political domination of Tutsis at de expense of de Hutu majority ethnic group.  

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ein career ==

==== Ein early political den government work ====
Burundi becam independent from Belgium as Burundi for July 1962 insyd. De country quickly fall under de political domination of Tutsis at de expense of de Hutu majority ethnic group. Kinigi believe dat dem introduce democracy too rapidly for Burundi insyd without proper preparation, wey e lead to political organising along ethnic lines den de heightening of ethnic tensions.   

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ein career ==

==== Ein early political den government work ====
Burundi becam independent from Belgium as Burundi for July 1962 insyd. De country quickly fall under de political domination of Tutsis at de expense of de Hutu majority ethnic group. Kinigi believe dat dem introduce democracy too rapidly for Burundi insyd without proper preparation, wey e lead to political organising along ethnic lines den de heightening of ethnic tensions. Burundi ein government becam controlled by Tutsi military officers, wey rule give approximately 30 years.    

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ein career ==

==== Ein early political den government work ====
Burundi becam independent from Belgium as Burundi for July 1962 insyd. De country quickly fall under de political domination of Tutsis at de expense of de Hutu majority ethnic group. Kinigi believe dat dem introduce democracy too rapidly for Burundi insyd without proper preparation, wey e lead to political organising along ethnic lines den de heightening of ethnic tensions. Burundi ein government becam controlled by Tutsi military officers, wey rule give approximately 30 years. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987.     

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ein career ==

==== Ein early political den government work ====
Burundi becam independent from Belgium as Burundi for July 1962 insyd. De country quickly fall under de political domination of Tutsis at de expense of de Hutu majority ethnic group. Kinigi believe dat dem introduce democracy too rapidly for Burundi insyd without proper preparation, wey e lead to political organising along ethnic lines den de heightening of ethnic tensions. Burundi ein government becam controlled by Tutsi military officers, wey rule give approximately 30 years. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women.     

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ein career ==

==== Ein early political den government work ====
Burundi becam independent from Belgium as Burundi for July 1962 insyd. De country quickly fall under de political domination of Tutsis at de expense of de Hutu majority ethnic group. Kinigi believe dat dem introduce democracy too rapidly for Burundi insyd without proper preparation, wey e lead to political organising along ethnic lines den de heightening of ethnic tensions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Burundi ein government becam controlled by Tutsi military officers, wey rule give approximately 30 years. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women.     

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ein career ==

==== Ein early political den government work ====
Burundi becam independent from Belgium as Burundi for July 1962 insyd. De country quickly fall under de political domination of Tutsis at de expense of de Hutu majority ethnic group. Kinigi believe dat dem introduce democracy too rapidly for Burundi insyd without proper preparation, wey e lead to political organising along ethnic lines den de heightening of ethnic tensions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Burundi ein government becam controlled by Tutsi military officers, wey rule give approximately 30 years.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women.     

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ein career ==

==== Ein early political den government work ====
Burundi becam independent from Belgium as Burundi for July 1962 insyd. De country quickly fall under de political domination of Tutsis at de expense of de Hutu majority ethnic group. Kinigi believe dat dem introduce democracy too rapidly for Burundi insyd without proper preparation, wey e lead to political organising along ethnic lines den de heightening of ethnic tensions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Burundi ein government becam controlled by Tutsi military officers, wey rule give approximately 30 years.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;     

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ein career ==

==== Ein early political den government work ====
Burundi becam independent from Belgium as Burundi for July 1962 insyd. De country quickly fall under de political domination of Tutsis at de expense of de Hutu majority ethnic group. Kinigi believe dat dem introduce democracy too rapidly for Burundi insyd without proper preparation, wey e lead to political organising along ethnic lines den de heightening of ethnic tensions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Burundi ein government becam controlled by Tutsi military officers, wey rule give approximately 30 years.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], pp. 387–388.&lt;/ref&gt; For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;     

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ein career ==

==== Ein early political den government work ====
Burundi becam independent from Belgium as Burundi for July 1962 insyd. De country quickly fall under de political domination of Tutsis at de expense of de Hutu majority ethnic group. Kinigi believe dat dem introduce democracy too rapidly for Burundi insyd without proper preparation, wey e lead to political organising along ethnic lines den de heightening of ethnic tensions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Burundi ein government becam controlled by Tutsi military officers, wey rule give approximately 30 years.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], pp. 387–388.&lt;/ref&gt; For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, while e sanso dey teach courses at de University of Burundi.      

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ein career ==

==== Ein early political den government work ====
Burundi becam independent from Belgium as Burundi for July 1962 insyd. De country quickly fall under de political domination of Tutsis at de expense of de Hutu majority ethnic group. Kinigi believe dat dem introduce democracy too rapidly for Burundi insyd without proper preparation, wey e lead to political organising along ethnic lines den de heightening of ethnic tensions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Burundi ein government becam controlled by Tutsi military officers, wey rule give approximately 30 years.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], pp. 387–388.&lt;/ref&gt; For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, while e sanso dey teach courses at de University of Burundi. For 1991 insyd, she lef de job wen Presido Pierre Buyoya appoint am Special Consultant for de Office of de Prime Minister insyd, wey e make am responsible give de implementation of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.       

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ein career ==

==== Ein early political den government work ====
Burundi becam independent from Belgium as Burundi for July 1962 insyd. De country quickly fall under de political domination of Tutsis at de expense of de Hutu majority ethnic group. Kinigi believe dat dem introduce democracy too rapidly for Burundi insyd without proper preparation, wey e lead to political organising along ethnic lines den de heightening of ethnic tensions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Burundi ein government becam controlled by Tutsi military officers, wey rule give approximately 30 years.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], pp. 387–388.&lt;/ref&gt; For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, while e sanso dey teach courses at de University of Burundi. For 1991 insyd, she lef de job wen Presido Pierre Buyoya appoint am Special Consultant for de Office of de Prime Minister insyd, wey e make am responsible give de implementation of Burundi ein structural adjustment program. For dat capacity insyd, she conduct negotiations plus de International Monetary Fund, de World Bank, den foreign donors.        

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ein career ==

==== Ein early political den government work ====
Burundi becam independent from Belgium as Burundi for July 1962 insyd. De country quickly fall under de political domination of Tutsis at de expense of de Hutu majority ethnic group. Kinigi believe dat dem introduce democracy too rapidly for Burundi insyd without proper preparation, wey e lead to political organising along ethnic lines den de heightening of ethnic tensions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Burundi ein government becam controlled by Tutsi military officers, wey rule give approximately 30 years.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], pp. 387–388.&lt;/ref&gt; For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, while e sanso dey teach courses at de University of Burundi. For 1991 insyd, she lef de job wen Presido Pierre Buyoya appoint am Special Consultant for de Office of de Prime Minister insyd, wey e make am responsible give de implementation of Burundi ein structural adjustment program. For dat capacity insyd, she conduct negotiations plus de International Monetary Fund, de World Bank, den foreign donors. Impressed plus ein work, Buyoya subsequently appoint am Permanent Secretary for de Ministry of Economic Planning insyd.        

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ein career ==

==== Ein early political den government work ====
Burundi becam independent from Belgium as Burundi for July 1962 insyd. De country quickly fall under de political domination of Tutsis at de expense of de Hutu majority ethnic group. Kinigi believe dat dem introduce democracy too rapidly for Burundi insyd without proper preparation, wey e lead to political organising along ethnic lines den de heightening of ethnic tensions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Burundi ein government becam controlled by Tutsi military officers, wey rule give approximately 30 years.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], pp. 387–388.&lt;/ref&gt; For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; while e sanso dey teach courses at de University of Burundi. For 1991 insyd, she lef de job wen Presido Pierre Buyoya appoint am Special Consultant for de Office of de Prime Minister insyd, wey e make am responsible give de implementation of Burundi ein structural adjustment program. For dat capacity insyd, she conduct negotiations plus de International Monetary Fund, de World Bank, den foreign donors. Impressed plus ein work, Buyoya subsequently appoint am Permanent Secretary for de Ministry of Economic Planning insyd.        

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ein career ==

==== Ein early political den government work ====
Burundi becam independent from Belgium as Burundi for July 1962 insyd. De country quickly fall under de political domination of Tutsis at de expense of de Hutu majority ethnic group. Kinigi believe dat dem introduce democracy too rapidly for Burundi insyd without proper preparation, wey e lead to political organising along ethnic lines den de heightening of ethnic tensions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Burundi ein government becam controlled by Tutsi military officers, wey rule give approximately 30 years.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], pp. 387–388.&lt;/ref&gt; For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; while e sanso dey teach courses at de University of Burundi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; For 1991 insyd, she lef de job wen Presido Pierre Buyoya appoint am Special Consultant for de Office of de Prime Minister insyd, wey e make am responsible give de implementation of Burundi ein structural adjustment program. For dat capacity insyd, she conduct negotiations plus de International Monetary Fund, de World Bank, den foreign donors. Impressed plus ein work, Buyoya subsequently appoint am Permanent Secretary for de Ministry of Economic Planning insyd.        

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ein career ==

==== Ein early political den government work ====
Burundi becam independent from Belgium as Burundi for July 1962 insyd. De country quickly fall under de political domination of Tutsis at de expense of de Hutu majority ethnic group. Kinigi believe dat dem introduce democracy too rapidly for Burundi insyd without proper preparation, wey e lead to political organising along ethnic lines den de heightening of ethnic tensions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Burundi ein government becam controlled by Tutsi military officers, wey rule give approximately 30 years.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], pp. 387–388.&lt;/ref&gt; For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; while e sanso dey teach courses at de University of Burundi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; For 1991 insyd, she lef de job&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wen Presido Pierre Buyoya appoint am Special Consultant for de Office of de Prime Minister insyd, wey e make am responsible give de implementation of Burundi ein structural adjustment program. For dat capacity insyd, she conduct negotiations plus de International Monetary Fund, de World Bank, den foreign donors. Impressed plus ein work, Buyoya subsequently appoint am Permanent Secretary for de Ministry of Economic Planning insyd.        

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ein career ==

==== Ein early political den government work ====
Burundi becam independent from Belgium as Burundi for July 1962 insyd. De country quickly fall under de political domination of Tutsis at de expense of de Hutu majority ethnic group. Kinigi believe dat dem introduce democracy too rapidly for Burundi insyd without proper preparation, wey e lead to political organising along ethnic lines den de heightening of ethnic tensions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Burundi ein government becam controlled by Tutsi military officers, wey rule give approximately 30 years.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], pp. 387–388.&lt;/ref&gt; For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; while e sanso dey teach courses at de University of Burundi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; For 1991 insyd, she lef de job&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wen Presido Pierre Buyoya appoint am Special Consultant for de Office of de Prime Minister insyd,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; wey e make am responsible give de implementation of Burundi ein structural adjustment program. For dat capacity insyd, she conduct negotiations plus de International Monetary Fund, de World Bank, den foreign donors. Impressed plus ein work, Buyoya subsequently appoint am Permanent Secretary for de Ministry of Economic Planning insyd.        

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ein career ==

==== Ein early political den government work ====
Burundi becam independent from Belgium as Burundi for July 1962 insyd. De country quickly fall under de political domination of Tutsis at de expense of de Hutu majority ethnic group. Kinigi believe dat dem introduce democracy too rapidly for Burundi insyd without proper preparation, wey e lead to political organising along ethnic lines den de heightening of ethnic tensions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Burundi ein government becam controlled by Tutsi military officers, wey rule give approximately 30 years.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], pp. 387–388.&lt;/ref&gt; For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; while e sanso dey teach courses at de University of Burundi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; For 1991 insyd, she lef de job&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wen Presido Pierre Buyoya appoint am Special Consultant for de Office of de Prime Minister insyd,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; wey e make am responsible give de implementation of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; For dat capacity insyd, she conduct negotiations plus de International Monetary Fund, de World Bank, den foreign donors. Impressed plus ein work, Buyoya subsequently appoint am Permanent Secretary for de Ministry of Economic Planning insyd.        

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ein career ==

==== Ein early political den government work ====
Burundi becam independent from Belgium as Burundi for July 1962 insyd. De country quickly fall under de political domination of Tutsis at de expense of de Hutu majority ethnic group. Kinigi believe dat dem introduce democracy too rapidly for Burundi insyd without proper preparation, wey e lead to political organising along ethnic lines den de heightening of ethnic tensions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Burundi ein government becam controlled by Tutsi military officers, wey rule give approximately 30 years.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], pp. 387–388.&lt;/ref&gt; For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; while e sanso dey teach courses at de University of Burundi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; For 1991 insyd, she lef de job&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wen Presido Pierre Buyoya appoint am Special Consultant for de Office of de Prime Minister insyd,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; wey e make am responsible give de implementation of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; For dat capacity insyd, she conduct negotiations plus de International Monetary Fund, de World Bank, den foreign donors.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Impressed plus ein work, Buyoya subsequently appoint am Permanent Secretary for de Ministry of Economic Planning insyd.        

== References ==</text>
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'''Sylvie Kinigi''' (née Ntigashira; dem born am 24 November 1953) be Burundian politician den economist wey serve as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, den acting presido from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, wey e make am de second African woman to serve as a presido.

Dem born am to a Tutsi family, she earn a degree for banking insyd from de University of Burundi for 1979 insyd den anoda diploma from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd. Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party at de time, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987. For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women. For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics, den de following year dem place am in charge of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.

For de summer of 1993 insyd, Burundi host free elections, wey UPRONA ein rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU) win am. De new FRODEBU Presido of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appoint Kinigi prime minister of Burundi for 10 July top. Kinigi wish to pursue economic development while she be prime minister, but think dat dis dem no fi achieve am until dem reduce ethnic tensions between Tutsis den Hutus. Thus, she declare dat ethnic reconciliation go fi be ein top priority. For 21 October top, Tutsi soldiers for a coup attempt insyd kill Presido Ndadaye den several oda officials, wey e leave am de highest-ranking official alive den de ''de facto'' head of state of Burundi.

She join ein surviving ministers for de French embassy insyd until she fi return to ein residence under French military guard as de coup failed. Though ein government prove unable to contain de ethnic violence following de coup, she played key role for brokering a political compromise insyd dat allow give de election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as de next presido. She resign wen he take office for 1994 insyd den assume an executive position at de Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then hold several international positions before e return to Burundi for 2008 insyd den e becam an independent economic consultant.

== Ein early life den education ==
Dem born Sylvie Ntigashira for 24 November 1953 top for Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi insyd (today for Bujumbura Rural Province insyd).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Ethnically, she be Tutsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). &quot;Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans&quot;. ''The New York Times''. p. A9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein poppie be a merchant, while ein mommie farm den maintain demma home. De third of six kiddies, dem allow Ntigashira go school while de oldest daughter for de family insyd help demma mommie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuns for de Ijenda parish insyd give am a primary den secondary education. She then study at de University of Burundi under de Faculty of Economic Sciences, wey e graduate for 1979 insyd plus a degree for banking den credit insyd. For 1990 insyd, she earn a Diplômes d'études supérieures from de Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire for Paris insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

For 1973 insyd, Ntigashira marry a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wey teach am before for school insyd, den get four&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; anaa five kiddies plus am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He be ethnically Hutu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). &quot;Burundi : Woman heads government&quot;. ''[[:en:Share_(newspaper)|Share]]''. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Ein husband support ein desire to further ein education den career den de family hire a maid to take care of demma house den kiddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He die for either 1992&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFSkard2014|Skard 2014]], p. 290.&lt;/ref&gt; anaa 1993 insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ein career ==

==== Ein early political den government work ====
Burundi becam independent from Belgium as Burundi for July 1962 insyd. De country quickly fall under de political domination of Tutsis at de expense of de Hutu majority ethnic group. Kinigi believe dat dem introduce democracy too rapidly for Burundi insyd without proper preparation, wey e lead to political organising along ethnic lines den de heightening of ethnic tensions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Burundi ein government becam controlled by Tutsi military officers, wey rule give approximately 30 years.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Politically, dem closely affiliate Kinigi plus de Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi ein only legal political party, den be an active member of de Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, wey e serve as a member of ein central committee by 1987.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Sylvie_Kinigi#CITEREFHatungimana2012|Hatungimana 2012]], pp. 387–388.&lt;/ref&gt; For dat capacity insyd, she lobby give legislative changes den government measures to benefit women.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

For 1990 insyd, de Bank of de Republic of Burundi hire Kinigi to direct ein department of research den statistics,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; while e sanso dey teach courses at de University of Burundi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; For 1991 insyd, she lef de job&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wen Presido Pierre Buyoya appoint am Special Consultant for de Office of de Prime Minister insyd,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; wey e make am responsible give de implementation of Burundi ein structural adjustment program.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; For dat capacity insyd, she conduct negotiations plus de International Monetary Fund, de World Bank, den foreign donors.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Impressed plus ein work, Buyoya subsequently appoint am Permanent Secretary for de Ministry of Economic Planning insyd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;        

== References ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Arinola Olasumbo Sanya</title>
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'''Arinola Olasumbo Sanya''' (born 1953) na Nigerian professor of physiotherapy for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] and she don serve before as commissioner of health for [[:en:Oyo_State|Oyo State]], [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]. Dem appoint am professor for year 2000, wey make her the first female professor of [[:en:Physiotherapy|physiotherapy]] for Africa, and the second professor of physiotherapy for Nigeria. She dey among the [[:en:Oyo_State#Notable_Oyo_State_people|notable indigenes of Oyo State]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120428183508/http://www.punchng.com/education/ui-appoints-new-dvc-registrar/ UI appoints new DVC, registrar — the Punch - Nigeria's Most Widely Read Newspaper]&quot;. ''[[:en:The_Punch|The Punch]]''. Archived from [http://www.punchng.com/education/ui-appoints-new-dvc-registrar/ the original] on 28 April 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

She be the current Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration) for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.ui.edu.ng/content/citation-professor-arinola-olasumbo-sanya CITATION OF PROFESSOR ARINOLA OLASUMBO SANYA | UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN]&quot;. ''ui.edu.ng''. Retrieved 20 May 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; She train for physiotherapy for University of Ibadan. She join Department of Physiotherapy for University of Ibadan as graduate assistant for 1978 and she still dey there as professor. Arinola na Consultant Physiotherapist for University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. She dey sit down for plenty management level committees for University of Ibadan like the Appointments and Promotions Committee.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.ui.edu.ng/content/citation-professor-arinola-olasumbo-sanya CITATION OF PROFESSOR ARINOLA OLASUMBO SANYA | UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN]&quot;. ''ui.edu.ng''. Retrieved 20 May 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Schizoaffective disorder</title>
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'''Schizoaffective disorder''' be a [[mental disorder]] wey be characterized by symptoms of both [[schizophrenia]] ([[psychosis]]) den a [[mood disorder]], either [[bipolar disorder]] anaa [[Depression (mood)|depression]].&lt;ref name=&quot;who.int&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=F25 Schizoaffective disorders|website=ICD-10 Version:2010|publisher=World Health Organization|url=http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/F25}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Schizoaffective_in_the_DSM5&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Malaspina D, Owen MJ, Heckers S, Tandon R, Trump D, Schultz S, Barch DM, Gaebel W, Gur RE, Tsuang M, Van Os J, Carpenter W|date=May 2013|title=Schizoaffective disorder in the DSM-5|journal=Schizophrenia Research|volume=150|issue=1|pages=21–5|doi=10.1016/j.schres.2013.04.026|pmid=23707642|s2cid=14770729}}&lt;/ref&gt; De main diagnostic criterion be de presence of psychotic symptoms for at least two weeks widout prominent mood symptoms.&lt;ref name=&quot;Schizoaffective_in_the_DSM5&quot;/&gt; Common symptoms dey include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech den thinking, as well as mood episodes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Brannon|first1=Guy E|last2=Bienenfeld|first2=David|last3=Talavera|first3=Francisco|title=Schizoaffective Disorder|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/294763-overview|website=Medscape Drugs &amp; Diseases|publisher=WebMD|date=9 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Schizoaffective disorder fi often be misdiagnosed&lt;ref name=&quot;Schizoaffective_in_the_DSM5&quot;/&gt; wen de correct diagnosis fi be psychotic depression, [[bipolar I disorder]], schizophreniform disorder, anaa schizophrenia. Dis be a problem as treatment den [[prognosis]] differ greatly for chaw of dese diagnoses. Chaw people plus schizoaffective disorder get oda mental disorders wey dey include anxiety disorders.&lt;ref name=&quot;Schizoaffective_in_the_DSM5&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaplan &amp; Saddock.&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Synopsis of Psychiatry|last1=Kaplan|first1=HI|last2=Saddock|first2=VA|publisher=Lippincott, Williams &amp; Wilkins|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7817-7327-0|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Der be three forms of schizoaffective disorder: bipolar anaa manic type (wey symptoms of schizophrenia den mania mark), depressive type (weyy symptoms of schizophrenia den depression mark), den mixed type (wey symptoms of schizophrenia, depression, den mania mark).&lt;ref name=&quot;who.int&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Schizoaffective_in_the_DSM5&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Schizoaffective disorder |url=https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mental-health/problems-disorders/schizoaffective-disorder |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=Royal College of Psychiatrists |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Auditory hallucinations most be common.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid180562462&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Martin LF, Hall MH, Ross RG, Zerbe G, Freedman R, Olincy A |date=December 2007 |title=Physiology of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and schizoaffective disorder |journal=The American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=164 |issue=12 |pages=1900–6 |doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06010017 |pmid=18056246}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Startup H, Freeman D, Garety PA |date=19 June 2006 |title=Persecutory delusions and catastrophic worry in psychosis: developing the understanding of delusion distress and persistence |journal=Behaviour Research and Therapy |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=523–537 |doi=10.1016/j.brat.2006.04.006 |pmid=16782048}}&lt;/ref&gt; De onset of symptoms usually dey begin insyd adolescence anaa young adulthood.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Schizoaffective Disorder in Children and Adolescents |url=https://www.mindyra.com/solutions/child/schizoaffective-disorder |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=www.mindyra.com |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
== Read further  ==
* {{cite book |last1=Moore|first1=D.P.|last2=Jefferson|first2=J.W. |title=Handbook of medical psychiatry|date=2004|publisher=Elsevier/Mosby|location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-0-323-02911-7|edition=2nd | pages = 126–127 }}
* {{cite book| last1=Goetzt|first1=C.G. |title=Textbook of clinical neurology|date=2003|publisher=W.B. Saunders|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-7216-3800-3|edition=2nd|page=48}}
== External links ==
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Bipolar spectrum]]
[[Category:Mood disorders]]
[[Category:Schizophrenia]]
[[Category:Schizophrenia anaa oda primary psychotic disorders]]
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1061" sha1="d9ih56mijnp8x4qqdit3skq7lbdeztt" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for Nigeria and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

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      <text bytes="1077" sha1="a7cx0f345y2hfgf662xns6btt3wz2uq" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== References ==</text>
      <sha1>a7cx0f345y2hfgf662xns6btt3wz2uq</sha1>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>2562</id>
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      <text bytes="1367" sha1="laqy0ov0n3esp5dnky9jyick3q5t7hd" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== References ==</text>
      <sha1>laqy0ov0n3esp5dnky9jyick3q5t7hd</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>95874</id>
      <parentid>95873</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T12:14:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>2562</id>
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      <text bytes="1597" sha1="j4alc09ooub2jti13d3yjafkd0vv9ed" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== References ==</text>
      <sha1>j4alc09ooub2jti13d3yjafkd0vv9ed</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>95875</id>
      <parentid>95874</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T12:16:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Emmanuella Ackon</username>
        <id>2562</id>
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      <text bytes="2192" sha1="cbjy8utk9w6l3on4iu8snoacajdkvvu" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.Sowunmi born for Kano, Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for Church of Nigeria. She attend St Anne's School Ibadan for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, University College Ibadan, and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for palynology. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under Gunnar Erdtman, wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''. She collect her PhD for botany from University of Ibadan for 1967

== References ==</text>
      <sha1>cbjy8utk9w6l3on4iu8snoacajdkvvu</sha1>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-03-30T12:16:27Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="2195" sha1="nztkoyhjjb75rk7kymhgixn89ykpfoh" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

Sowunmi born for Kano, Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for Church of Nigeria. She attend St Anne's School Ibadan for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, University College Ibadan, and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for palynology. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under Gunnar Erdtman, wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''. She collect her PhD for botany from University of Ibadan for 1967.

== References ==</text>
      <sha1>nztkoyhjjb75rk7kymhgixn89ykpfoh</sha1>
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      <text bytes="2212" sha1="p9gjubj6pvktq7fzc31ol6hkznsztgy" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for Kano, Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for Church of Nigeria. She attend St Anne's School Ibadan for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, University College Ibadan, and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for palynology. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under Gunnar Erdtman, wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''. She collect her PhD for botany from University of Ibadan for 1967.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="2232" sha1="65crhiavld0fcnlw35zifxdjkcrygmr" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for Church of Nigeria. She attend St Anne's School Ibadan for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, University College Ibadan, and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for palynology. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under Gunnar Erdtman, wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''. She collect her PhD for botany from University of Ibadan for 1967.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="2258" sha1="oh1v7grxezv0chv8dd32ldnapvof408" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend St Anne's School Ibadan for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, University College Ibadan, and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for palynology. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under Gunnar Erdtman, wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''. She collect her PhD for botany from University of Ibadan for 1967.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="2290" sha1="soib2joatrwd5o2j7ufpx2uyyeol6zu" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, University College Ibadan, and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for palynology. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under Gunnar Erdtman, wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''. She collect her PhD for botany from University of Ibadan for 1967.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="2319" sha1="d3ijq3uzzeoffv0zmqf3y5mcxp99syq" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for palynology. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under Gunnar Erdtman, wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''. She collect her PhD for botany from University of Ibadan for 1967.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="2338" sha1="l46askat7itj4wd2cka9b1fkgrcc7u5" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under Gunnar Erdtman, wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''. She collect her PhD for botany from University of Ibadan for 1967.

== References ==</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-03-30T12:20:00Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="2361" sha1="o1sxmsh35uhgnizzpij4gz1ldo31fvx" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''. She collect her PhD for botany from University of Ibadan for 1967.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="2390" sha1="0bnnc2r9lhgyl93grixpkacj1sbczrj" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''. She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.

== References ==</text>
      <sha1>0bnnc2r9lhgyl93grixpkacj1sbczrj</sha1>
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      <text bytes="2746" sha1="elm6wssi1xwpxnej3nx6ounha71bb6w" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="3036" sha1="dcw9dmisa1gfe8hdnjubbd6kpqzgsgw" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="3838" sha1="83icpnft8hyapqwltn03hq7nz7mjs8d" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, Uppsala University, and for 1998 she dey Institute of Archaeology, University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität. For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher. Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for Nigeria, including change androcentric course titles

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="3841" sha1="lywy66dgp5f4e20hhli8yk6vxriq42o" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, Uppsala University, and for 1998 she dey Institute of Archaeology, University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität. For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher. Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for Nigeria, including change androcentric course titles.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="3854" sha1="oxvm3v2j4e8zgcaeh8etinpq478l8v6" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, Uppsala University, and for 1998 she dey Institute of Archaeology, University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität. For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher. Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for Nigeria, including change androcentric course titles.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="3883" sha1="p2uu4ez08vm1kzh2vt620qi9o1i6zxq" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, Uppsala University, and for 1998 she dey Institute of Archaeology, University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität. For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher. Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for Nigeria, including change androcentric course titles.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="3910" sha1="j0sb3cgof2ymfzno7fppa7t0rhuwelg" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey Institute of Archaeology, University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität. For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher. Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for Nigeria, including change androcentric course titles.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="3947" sha1="gg43ndyny6zo72bfmud6t6jn8b10w86" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität. For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher. Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for Nigeria, including change androcentric course titles.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="3983" sha1="8hqi3x46l3i2o0bsceh07th9yijxsgd" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, [[:en:Goethe_University_Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität]]. For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher. Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for Nigeria, including change androcentric course titles.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="3999" sha1="iuxnw1vy631i30jbqis2kvfjlrb2ede" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, [[:en:Goethe_University_Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität]]. For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher. Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], including change androcentric course titles.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="4289" sha1="l2u7ew07cudxz1sqc4bq4dpxudruo66" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, [[:en:Goethe_University_Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität]].&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt; For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher. Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], including change androcentric course titles.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="4573" sha1="sitz9xpws3hf5p5f9boid4tr5w8j8uw" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, [[:en:Goethe_University_Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität]].&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt; For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher.&lt;ref&gt;Cambridge, University of (2017-12-07). &quot;[https://medium.com/this-cambridge-life/the-nigerian-archaeologist-investigating-ancient-farming-in-west-africa-3c974be28f06 The Nigerian archaeologist investigating ancient farming in West Africa]&quot;. ''Medium''. Retrieved 2019-05-26.&lt;/ref&gt; Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], including change androcentric course titles.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="4848" sha1="hgwee6hpuaet8x3kp68dman5i8emsk4" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, [[:en:Goethe_University_Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität]].&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt; For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher.&lt;ref&gt;Cambridge, University of (2017-12-07). &quot;[https://medium.com/this-cambridge-life/the-nigerian-archaeologist-investigating-ancient-farming-in-west-africa-3c974be28f06 The Nigerian archaeologist investigating ancient farming in West Africa]&quot;. ''Medium''. Retrieved 2019-05-26.&lt;/ref&gt; Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], including change androcentric course titles.&lt;ref&gt;Folorunso, C.A.; Whitehouse, Ruth; Wright, Katherine (2007). &quot;Gender and archaeological site formation: ethnoarchaeological studies in parts of Nigeria&quot;. In Hamilton, Sue (ed.). ''Archaeology and Women: Ancient and Modern Issues''. Left Coast Press. pp. 359–360.&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="5149" sha1="6eek9giii09gap0kxp6u15o1xyjpdwk" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, [[:en:Goethe_University_Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität]].&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt; For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher.&lt;ref&gt;Cambridge, University of (2017-12-07). &quot;[https://medium.com/this-cambridge-life/the-nigerian-archaeologist-investigating-ancient-farming-in-west-africa-3c974be28f06 The Nigerian archaeologist investigating ancient farming in West Africa]&quot;. ''Medium''. Retrieved 2019-05-26.&lt;/ref&gt; Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], including change androcentric course titles.&lt;ref&gt;Folorunso, C.A.; Whitehouse, Ruth; Wright, Katherine (2007). &quot;Gender and archaeological site formation: ethnoarchaeological studies in parts of Nigeria&quot;. In Hamilton, Sue (ed.). ''Archaeology and Women: Ancient and Modern Issues''. Left Coast Press. pp. 359–360.&lt;/ref&gt;Sowunmi na founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria, and she also be president of the West African Archaeological Association.

She retire for 2004, but she still continue to dey teach palynology courses and dey supervise BSc and MSc students until she reach 80 years for 2019

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="5152" sha1="dk1hpt7jzs4100j8dqv9tdj3wfrlxsu" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, [[:en:Goethe_University_Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität]].&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt; For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher.&lt;ref&gt;Cambridge, University of (2017-12-07). &quot;[https://medium.com/this-cambridge-life/the-nigerian-archaeologist-investigating-ancient-farming-in-west-africa-3c974be28f06 The Nigerian archaeologist investigating ancient farming in West Africa]&quot;. ''Medium''. Retrieved 2019-05-26.&lt;/ref&gt; Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], including change androcentric course titles.&lt;ref&gt;Folorunso, C.A.; Whitehouse, Ruth; Wright, Katherine (2007). &quot;Gender and archaeological site formation: ethnoarchaeological studies in parts of Nigeria&quot;. In Hamilton, Sue (ed.). ''Archaeology and Women: Ancient and Modern Issues''. Left Coast Press. pp. 359–360.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sowunmi na founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria, and she also be president of the West African Archaeological Association.

She retire for 2004, but she still continue to dey teach palynology courses and dey supervise BSc and MSc students until she reach 80 years for 2019.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="5508" sha1="o7tjmb4a6xuiawvln58hdo0v2qgivti" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, [[:en:Goethe_University_Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität]].&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt; For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher.&lt;ref&gt;Cambridge, University of (2017-12-07). &quot;[https://medium.com/this-cambridge-life/the-nigerian-archaeologist-investigating-ancient-farming-in-west-africa-3c974be28f06 The Nigerian archaeologist investigating ancient farming in West Africa]&quot;. ''Medium''. Retrieved 2019-05-26.&lt;/ref&gt; Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], including change androcentric course titles.&lt;ref&gt;Folorunso, C.A.; Whitehouse, Ruth; Wright, Katherine (2007). &quot;Gender and archaeological site formation: ethnoarchaeological studies in parts of Nigeria&quot;. In Hamilton, Sue (ed.). ''Archaeology and Women: Ancient and Modern Issues''. Left Coast Press. pp. 359–360.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sowunmi na founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria, and she also be president of the West African Archaeological Association.

She retire for 2004, but she still continue to dey teach palynology courses and dey supervise BSc and MSc students until she reach 80 years for 2019.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="5860" sha1="p3hktz7w2h4ladd4ox3j1ddjptajt3s" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, [[:en:Goethe_University_Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität]].&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt; For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher.&lt;ref&gt;Cambridge, University of (2017-12-07). &quot;[https://medium.com/this-cambridge-life/the-nigerian-archaeologist-investigating-ancient-farming-in-west-africa-3c974be28f06 The Nigerian archaeologist investigating ancient farming in West Africa]&quot;. ''Medium''. Retrieved 2019-05-26.&lt;/ref&gt; Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], including change androcentric course titles.&lt;ref&gt;Folorunso, C.A.; Whitehouse, Ruth; Wright, Katherine (2007). &quot;Gender and archaeological site formation: ethnoarchaeological studies in parts of Nigeria&quot;. In Hamilton, Sue (ed.). ''Archaeology and Women: Ancient and Modern Issues''. Left Coast Press. pp. 359–360.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sowunmi na founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria, and she also be president of the West African Archaeological Association.

She retire for 2004, but she still continue to dey teach palynology courses and dey supervise BSc and MSc students until she reach 80 years for 2019.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt;Sowunmi research achievements include the first time wey dem identify the age and paleoenvironment of the Gwandu Formation, the first description of Eocene pollen for Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, the first study of Late Quaternary vegetation and environmental history for Nigeria, and the first study of pollen wey come from archaeological site for Nigeria

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="5863" sha1="cz4mdrc78jrzs7r5jwwqswoi7xvm7xn" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, [[:en:Goethe_University_Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität]].&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt; For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher.&lt;ref&gt;Cambridge, University of (2017-12-07). &quot;[https://medium.com/this-cambridge-life/the-nigerian-archaeologist-investigating-ancient-farming-in-west-africa-3c974be28f06 The Nigerian archaeologist investigating ancient farming in West Africa]&quot;. ''Medium''. Retrieved 2019-05-26.&lt;/ref&gt; Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], including change androcentric course titles.&lt;ref&gt;Folorunso, C.A.; Whitehouse, Ruth; Wright, Katherine (2007). &quot;Gender and archaeological site formation: ethnoarchaeological studies in parts of Nigeria&quot;. In Hamilton, Sue (ed.). ''Archaeology and Women: Ancient and Modern Issues''. Left Coast Press. pp. 359–360.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sowunmi na founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria, and she also be president of the West African Archaeological Association.

She retire for 2004, but she still continue to dey teach palynology courses and dey supervise BSc and MSc students until she reach 80 years for 2019.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sowunmi research achievements include the first time wey dem identify the age and paleoenvironment of the Gwandu Formation, the first description of Eocene pollen for Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, the first study of Late Quaternary vegetation and environmental history for Nigeria, and the first study of pollen wey come from archaeological site for Nigeria.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="5878" sha1="h0n49zr06ljo1jim3m3mkt9f84lvv5h" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, [[:en:Goethe_University_Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität]].&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt; For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher.&lt;ref&gt;Cambridge, University of (2017-12-07). &quot;[https://medium.com/this-cambridge-life/the-nigerian-archaeologist-investigating-ancient-farming-in-west-africa-3c974be28f06 The Nigerian archaeologist investigating ancient farming in West Africa]&quot;. ''Medium''. Retrieved 2019-05-26.&lt;/ref&gt; Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], including change androcentric course titles.&lt;ref&gt;Folorunso, C.A.; Whitehouse, Ruth; Wright, Katherine (2007). &quot;Gender and archaeological site formation: ethnoarchaeological studies in parts of Nigeria&quot;. In Hamilton, Sue (ed.). ''Archaeology and Women: Ancient and Modern Issues''. Left Coast Press. pp. 359–360.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sowunmi na founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria, and she also be president of the West African Archaeological Association.

She retire for 2004, but she still continue to dey teach palynology courses and dey supervise BSc and MSc students until she reach 80 years for 2019.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Research ==
Sowunmi research achievements include the first time wey dem identify the age and paleoenvironment of the Gwandu Formation, the first description of Eocene pollen for Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, the first study of Late Quaternary vegetation and environmental history for Nigeria, and the first study of pollen wey come from archaeological site for Nigeria.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="5899" sha1="svifnvo1ksags5iuappw5z9llo5ktjo" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, [[:en:Goethe_University_Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität]].&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt; For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher.&lt;ref&gt;Cambridge, University of (2017-12-07). &quot;[https://medium.com/this-cambridge-life/the-nigerian-archaeologist-investigating-ancient-farming-in-west-africa-3c974be28f06 The Nigerian archaeologist investigating ancient farming in West Africa]&quot;. ''Medium''. Retrieved 2019-05-26.&lt;/ref&gt; Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], including change androcentric course titles.&lt;ref&gt;Folorunso, C.A.; Whitehouse, Ruth; Wright, Katherine (2007). &quot;Gender and archaeological site formation: ethnoarchaeological studies in parts of Nigeria&quot;. In Hamilton, Sue (ed.). ''Archaeology and Women: Ancient and Modern Issues''. Left Coast Press. pp. 359–360.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sowunmi na founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria, and she also be president of the West African Archaeological Association.

She retire for 2004, but she still continue to dey teach palynology courses and dey supervise BSc and MSc students until she reach 80 years for 2019.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Research ==
Sowunmi research achievements include the first time wey dem identify the age and [[:en:Paleoecology|paleoenvironment]] of the Gwandu Formation, the first description of Eocene pollen for Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, the first study of Late Quaternary vegetation and environmental history for Nigeria, and the first study of pollen wey come from archaeological site for Nigeria.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="5927" sha1="53x0b0mx9tsglnotu85m8z12m9r3ylv" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, [[:en:Goethe_University_Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität]].&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt; For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher.&lt;ref&gt;Cambridge, University of (2017-12-07). &quot;[https://medium.com/this-cambridge-life/the-nigerian-archaeologist-investigating-ancient-farming-in-west-africa-3c974be28f06 The Nigerian archaeologist investigating ancient farming in West Africa]&quot;. ''Medium''. Retrieved 2019-05-26.&lt;/ref&gt; Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], including change androcentric course titles.&lt;ref&gt;Folorunso, C.A.; Whitehouse, Ruth; Wright, Katherine (2007). &quot;Gender and archaeological site formation: ethnoarchaeological studies in parts of Nigeria&quot;. In Hamilton, Sue (ed.). ''Archaeology and Women: Ancient and Modern Issues''. Left Coast Press. pp. 359–360.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sowunmi na founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria, and she also be president of the West African Archaeological Association.

She retire for 2004, but she still continue to dey teach palynology courses and dey supervise BSc and MSc students until she reach 80 years for 2019.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Research ==
Sowunmi research achievements include the first time wey dem identify the age and [[:en:Paleoecology|paleoenvironment]] of the Gwandu Formation, the first description of Eocene pollen for Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, the first study of Late Quaternary vegetation and environmental history for Nigeria, and the first study of pollen wey come from [[:en:Archaeological_site|archaeological site]] for Nigeria.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="6229" sha1="h8asrf350f8ygwnk58n51czkmfs87j1" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, [[:en:Goethe_University_Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität]].&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt; For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher.&lt;ref&gt;Cambridge, University of (2017-12-07). &quot;[https://medium.com/this-cambridge-life/the-nigerian-archaeologist-investigating-ancient-farming-in-west-africa-3c974be28f06 The Nigerian archaeologist investigating ancient farming in West Africa]&quot;. ''Medium''. Retrieved 2019-05-26.&lt;/ref&gt; Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], including change androcentric course titles.&lt;ref&gt;Folorunso, C.A.; Whitehouse, Ruth; Wright, Katherine (2007). &quot;Gender and archaeological site formation: ethnoarchaeological studies in parts of Nigeria&quot;. In Hamilton, Sue (ed.). ''Archaeology and Women: Ancient and Modern Issues''. Left Coast Press. pp. 359–360.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sowunmi na founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria, and she also be president of the West African Archaeological Association.

She retire for 2004, but she still continue to dey teach palynology courses and dey supervise BSc and MSc students until she reach 80 years for 2019.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Research ==
Sowunmi research achievements include the first time wey dem identify the age and [[:en:Paleoecology|paleoenvironment]] of the Gwandu Formation, the first description of Eocene pollen for Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, the first study of Late Quaternary vegetation and environmental history for Nigeria,&lt;ref&gt;Sowunmi, M.A. (1981). &quot;Aspects of Late Quaternary Vegetational Changes in West Africa&quot;. ''Journal of Biogeography''. '''8''' (6): 457–474. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/2844565|10.2307/2844565]]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2844565 2844565].&lt;/ref&gt; and the first study of pollen wey come from [[:en:Archaeological_site|archaeological site]] for Nigeria.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="6459" sha1="8c9mp43pr59ghgjedggbkgcowsa9wao" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, [[:en:Goethe_University_Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität]].&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt; For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher.&lt;ref&gt;Cambridge, University of (2017-12-07). &quot;[https://medium.com/this-cambridge-life/the-nigerian-archaeologist-investigating-ancient-farming-in-west-africa-3c974be28f06 The Nigerian archaeologist investigating ancient farming in West Africa]&quot;. ''Medium''. Retrieved 2019-05-26.&lt;/ref&gt; Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], including change androcentric course titles.&lt;ref&gt;Folorunso, C.A.; Whitehouse, Ruth; Wright, Katherine (2007). &quot;Gender and archaeological site formation: ethnoarchaeological studies in parts of Nigeria&quot;. In Hamilton, Sue (ed.). ''Archaeology and Women: Ancient and Modern Issues''. Left Coast Press. pp. 359–360.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sowunmi na founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria, and she also be president of the West African Archaeological Association.

She retire for 2004, but she still continue to dey teach palynology courses and dey supervise BSc and MSc students until she reach 80 years for 2019.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Research ==
Sowunmi research achievements include the first time wey dem identify the age and [[:en:Paleoecology|paleoenvironment]] of the Gwandu Formation, the first description of Eocene pollen for Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, the first study of Late Quaternary vegetation and environmental history for Nigeria,&lt;ref&gt;Sowunmi, M.A. (1981). &quot;Aspects of Late Quaternary Vegetational Changes in West Africa&quot;. ''Journal of Biogeography''. '''8''' (6): 457–474. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/2844565|10.2307/2844565]]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2844565 2844565].&lt;/ref&gt; and the first study of pollen wey come from [[:en:Archaeological_site|archaeological site]] for Nigeria.For 2003, Sowunmi collect honorary Doctor of Philosophy degree for Humanities from Uppsala University, to recognize her outstanding scholarship plus research and teaching contributions for environmental archaeology and paleobotany

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="6462" sha1="4o11eqyp8tr5yrm22rxs1yuyx8ning5" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, [[:en:Goethe_University_Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität]].&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt; For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher.&lt;ref&gt;Cambridge, University of (2017-12-07). &quot;[https://medium.com/this-cambridge-life/the-nigerian-archaeologist-investigating-ancient-farming-in-west-africa-3c974be28f06 The Nigerian archaeologist investigating ancient farming in West Africa]&quot;. ''Medium''. Retrieved 2019-05-26.&lt;/ref&gt; Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], including change androcentric course titles.&lt;ref&gt;Folorunso, C.A.; Whitehouse, Ruth; Wright, Katherine (2007). &quot;Gender and archaeological site formation: ethnoarchaeological studies in parts of Nigeria&quot;. In Hamilton, Sue (ed.). ''Archaeology and Women: Ancient and Modern Issues''. Left Coast Press. pp. 359–360.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sowunmi na founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria, and she also be president of the West African Archaeological Association.

She retire for 2004, but she still continue to dey teach palynology courses and dey supervise BSc and MSc students until she reach 80 years for 2019.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Research ==
Sowunmi research achievements include the first time wey dem identify the age and [[:en:Paleoecology|paleoenvironment]] of the Gwandu Formation, the first description of Eocene pollen for Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, the first study of Late Quaternary vegetation and environmental history for Nigeria,&lt;ref&gt;Sowunmi, M.A. (1981). &quot;Aspects of Late Quaternary Vegetational Changes in West Africa&quot;. ''Journal of Biogeography''. '''8''' (6): 457–474. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/2844565|10.2307/2844565]]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2844565 2844565].&lt;/ref&gt; and the first study of pollen wey come from [[:en:Archaeological_site|archaeological site]] for Nigeria.

For 2003, Sowunmi collect honorary Doctor of Philosophy degree for Humanities from Uppsala University, to recognize her outstanding scholarship plus research and teaching contributions for environmental archaeology and paleobotany.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="6487" sha1="7q1m0qbk93ag0lgriyfeuywlpoj31tm" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, [[:en:Goethe_University_Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität]].&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt; For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher.&lt;ref&gt;Cambridge, University of (2017-12-07). &quot;[https://medium.com/this-cambridge-life/the-nigerian-archaeologist-investigating-ancient-farming-in-west-africa-3c974be28f06 The Nigerian archaeologist investigating ancient farming in West Africa]&quot;. ''Medium''. Retrieved 2019-05-26.&lt;/ref&gt; Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], including change androcentric course titles.&lt;ref&gt;Folorunso, C.A.; Whitehouse, Ruth; Wright, Katherine (2007). &quot;Gender and archaeological site formation: ethnoarchaeological studies in parts of Nigeria&quot;. In Hamilton, Sue (ed.). ''Archaeology and Women: Ancient and Modern Issues''. Left Coast Press. pp. 359–360.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sowunmi na founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria, and she also be president of the West African Archaeological Association.

She retire for 2004, but she still continue to dey teach palynology courses and dey supervise BSc and MSc students until she reach 80 years for 2019.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Research ==
Sowunmi research achievements include the first time wey dem identify the age and [[:en:Paleoecology|paleoenvironment]] of the Gwandu Formation, the first description of Eocene pollen for Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, the first study of Late Quaternary vegetation and environmental history for Nigeria,&lt;ref&gt;Sowunmi, M.A. (1981). &quot;Aspects of Late Quaternary Vegetational Changes in West Africa&quot;. ''Journal of Biogeography''. '''8''' (6): 457–474. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/2844565|10.2307/2844565]]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2844565 2844565].&lt;/ref&gt; and the first study of pollen wey come from [[:en:Archaeological_site|archaeological site]] for Nigeria.

== Awards and honours ==
For 2003, Sowunmi collect honorary Doctor of Philosophy degree for Humanities from Uppsala University, to recognize her outstanding scholarship plus research and teaching contributions for environmental archaeology and paleobotany.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="6516" sha1="swoa18pagglqk0n8lir6vot03xlet2i" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, [[:en:Goethe_University_Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität]].&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt; For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher.&lt;ref&gt;Cambridge, University of (2017-12-07). &quot;[https://medium.com/this-cambridge-life/the-nigerian-archaeologist-investigating-ancient-farming-in-west-africa-3c974be28f06 The Nigerian archaeologist investigating ancient farming in West Africa]&quot;. ''Medium''. Retrieved 2019-05-26.&lt;/ref&gt; Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], including change androcentric course titles.&lt;ref&gt;Folorunso, C.A.; Whitehouse, Ruth; Wright, Katherine (2007). &quot;Gender and archaeological site formation: ethnoarchaeological studies in parts of Nigeria&quot;. In Hamilton, Sue (ed.). ''Archaeology and Women: Ancient and Modern Issues''. Left Coast Press. pp. 359–360.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sowunmi na founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria, and she also be president of the West African Archaeological Association.

She retire for 2004, but she still continue to dey teach palynology courses and dey supervise BSc and MSc students until she reach 80 years for 2019.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Research ==
Sowunmi research achievements include the first time wey dem identify the age and [[:en:Paleoecology|paleoenvironment]] of the Gwandu Formation, the first description of Eocene pollen for Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, the first study of Late Quaternary vegetation and environmental history for Nigeria,&lt;ref&gt;Sowunmi, M.A. (1981). &quot;Aspects of Late Quaternary Vegetational Changes in West Africa&quot;. ''Journal of Biogeography''. '''8''' (6): 457–474. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/2844565|10.2307/2844565]]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2844565 2844565].&lt;/ref&gt; and the first study of pollen wey come from [[:en:Archaeological_site|archaeological site]] for Nigeria.

== Awards and honours ==
For 2003, Sowunmi collect honorary [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] degree for Humanities from Uppsala University, to recognize her outstanding scholarship plus research and teaching contributions for environmental archaeology and paleobotany.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="6539" sha1="9xkopi40o90c8gn97v5zwd9ukmy7s98" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, [[:en:Goethe_University_Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität]].&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt; For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher.&lt;ref&gt;Cambridge, University of (2017-12-07). &quot;[https://medium.com/this-cambridge-life/the-nigerian-archaeologist-investigating-ancient-farming-in-west-africa-3c974be28f06 The Nigerian archaeologist investigating ancient farming in West Africa]&quot;. ''Medium''. Retrieved 2019-05-26.&lt;/ref&gt; Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], including change androcentric course titles.&lt;ref&gt;Folorunso, C.A.; Whitehouse, Ruth; Wright, Katherine (2007). &quot;Gender and archaeological site formation: ethnoarchaeological studies in parts of Nigeria&quot;. In Hamilton, Sue (ed.). ''Archaeology and Women: Ancient and Modern Issues''. Left Coast Press. pp. 359–360.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sowunmi na founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria, and she also be president of the West African Archaeological Association.

She retire for 2004, but she still continue to dey teach palynology courses and dey supervise BSc and MSc students until she reach 80 years for 2019.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Research ==
Sowunmi research achievements include the first time wey dem identify the age and [[:en:Paleoecology|paleoenvironment]] of the Gwandu Formation, the first description of Eocene pollen for Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, the first study of Late Quaternary vegetation and environmental history for Nigeria,&lt;ref&gt;Sowunmi, M.A. (1981). &quot;Aspects of Late Quaternary Vegetational Changes in West Africa&quot;. ''Journal of Biogeography''. '''8''' (6): 457–474. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/2844565|10.2307/2844565]]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2844565 2844565].&lt;/ref&gt; and the first study of pollen wey come from [[:en:Archaeological_site|archaeological site]] for Nigeria.

== Awards and honours ==
For 2003, Sowunmi collect honorary [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] degree for Humanities from [https://www.uu.se/en Uppsala University], to recognize her outstanding scholarship plus research and teaching contributions for environmental archaeology and paleobotany.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="6573" sha1="31cm64svcqtl8pb5amkp33gdarl415l" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, [[:en:Goethe_University_Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität]].&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt; For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher.&lt;ref&gt;Cambridge, University of (2017-12-07). &quot;[https://medium.com/this-cambridge-life/the-nigerian-archaeologist-investigating-ancient-farming-in-west-africa-3c974be28f06 The Nigerian archaeologist investigating ancient farming in West Africa]&quot;. ''Medium''. Retrieved 2019-05-26.&lt;/ref&gt; Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], including change androcentric course titles.&lt;ref&gt;Folorunso, C.A.; Whitehouse, Ruth; Wright, Katherine (2007). &quot;Gender and archaeological site formation: ethnoarchaeological studies in parts of Nigeria&quot;. In Hamilton, Sue (ed.). ''Archaeology and Women: Ancient and Modern Issues''. Left Coast Press. pp. 359–360.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sowunmi na founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria, and she also be president of the West African Archaeological Association.

She retire for 2004, but she still continue to dey teach palynology courses and dey supervise BSc and MSc students until she reach 80 years for 2019.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Research ==
Sowunmi research achievements include the first time wey dem identify the age and [[:en:Paleoecology|paleoenvironment]] of the Gwandu Formation, the first description of Eocene pollen for Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, the first study of Late Quaternary vegetation and environmental history for Nigeria,&lt;ref&gt;Sowunmi, M.A. (1981). &quot;Aspects of Late Quaternary Vegetational Changes in West Africa&quot;. ''Journal of Biogeography''. '''8''' (6): 457–474. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/2844565|10.2307/2844565]]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2844565 2844565].&lt;/ref&gt; and the first study of pollen wey come from [[:en:Archaeological_site|archaeological site]] for Nigeria.

== Awards and honours ==
For 2003, Sowunmi collect honorary [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] degree for Humanities from [https://www.uu.se/en Uppsala University], to recognize her outstanding scholarship plus research and teaching contributions for [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|environmental archaeology]] and paleobotany.

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="6593" sha1="5s211fcphulwbysiwi4czcqnfpx3ngj" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, [[:en:Goethe_University_Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität]].&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt; For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher.&lt;ref&gt;Cambridge, University of (2017-12-07). &quot;[https://medium.com/this-cambridge-life/the-nigerian-archaeologist-investigating-ancient-farming-in-west-africa-3c974be28f06 The Nigerian archaeologist investigating ancient farming in West Africa]&quot;. ''Medium''. Retrieved 2019-05-26.&lt;/ref&gt; Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], including change androcentric course titles.&lt;ref&gt;Folorunso, C.A.; Whitehouse, Ruth; Wright, Katherine (2007). &quot;Gender and archaeological site formation: ethnoarchaeological studies in parts of Nigeria&quot;. In Hamilton, Sue (ed.). ''Archaeology and Women: Ancient and Modern Issues''. Left Coast Press. pp. 359–360.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sowunmi na founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria, and she also be president of the West African Archaeological Association.

She retire for 2004, but she still continue to dey teach palynology courses and dey supervise BSc and MSc students until she reach 80 years for 2019.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Research ==
Sowunmi research achievements include the first time wey dem identify the age and [[:en:Paleoecology|paleoenvironment]] of the Gwandu Formation, the first description of Eocene pollen for Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, the first study of Late Quaternary vegetation and environmental history for Nigeria,&lt;ref&gt;Sowunmi, M.A. (1981). &quot;Aspects of Late Quaternary Vegetational Changes in West Africa&quot;. ''Journal of Biogeography''. '''8''' (6): 457–474. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/2844565|10.2307/2844565]]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2844565 2844565].&lt;/ref&gt; and the first study of pollen wey come from [[:en:Archaeological_site|archaeological site]] for Nigeria.

== Awards and honours ==
For 2003, Sowunmi collect honorary [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] degree for Humanities from [https://www.uu.se/en Uppsala University], to recognize her outstanding scholarship plus research and teaching contributions for [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|environmental archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleobotany|paleobotany]].

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="6802" sha1="ok60h4pu9yaxgqgnhuvfs2tthc8jo1o" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, [[:en:Goethe_University_Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität]].&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt; For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher.&lt;ref&gt;Cambridge, University of (2017-12-07). &quot;[https://medium.com/this-cambridge-life/the-nigerian-archaeologist-investigating-ancient-farming-in-west-africa-3c974be28f06 The Nigerian archaeologist investigating ancient farming in West Africa]&quot;. ''Medium''. Retrieved 2019-05-26.&lt;/ref&gt; Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], including change androcentric course titles.&lt;ref&gt;Folorunso, C.A.; Whitehouse, Ruth; Wright, Katherine (2007). &quot;Gender and archaeological site formation: ethnoarchaeological studies in parts of Nigeria&quot;. In Hamilton, Sue (ed.). ''Archaeology and Women: Ancient and Modern Issues''. Left Coast Press. pp. 359–360.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sowunmi na founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria, and she also be president of the West African Archaeological Association.

She retire for 2004, but she still continue to dey teach palynology courses and dey supervise BSc and MSc students until she reach 80 years for 2019.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Research ==
Sowunmi research achievements include the first time wey dem identify the age and [[:en:Paleoecology|paleoenvironment]] of the Gwandu Formation, the first description of Eocene pollen for Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, the first study of Late Quaternary vegetation and environmental history for Nigeria,&lt;ref&gt;Sowunmi, M.A. (1981). &quot;Aspects of Late Quaternary Vegetational Changes in West Africa&quot;. ''Journal of Biogeography''. '''8''' (6): 457–474. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/2844565|10.2307/2844565]]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2844565 2844565].&lt;/ref&gt; and the first study of pollen wey come from [[:en:Archaeological_site|archaeological site]] for Nigeria.

== Awards and honours ==
For 2003, Sowunmi collect honorary [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] degree for Humanities from [https://www.uu.se/en Uppsala University], to recognize her outstanding scholarship plus research and teaching contributions for [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|environmental archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleobotany|paleobotany]].&lt;ref&gt;Piehl, Jakob. [https://www.uu.se/en/about-uu/traditions/prizes/honorary-doctorates/arts/ &quot;Honorary Doctors of the Faculty of Arts - Uppsala University, Sweden]&quot;. ''www.uu.se''. Retrieved 2019-07-02.&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="6845" sha1="lu5naxvs0su0vtggi4xrc5ykmlc2fyb" xml:space="preserve">'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230326110555/https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, [[:en:Goethe_University_Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität]].&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt; For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher.&lt;ref&gt;Cambridge, University of (2017-12-07). &quot;[https://medium.com/this-cambridge-life/the-nigerian-archaeologist-investigating-ancient-farming-in-west-africa-3c974be28f06 The Nigerian archaeologist investigating ancient farming in West Africa]&quot;. ''Medium''. Retrieved 2019-05-26.&lt;/ref&gt; Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], including change androcentric course titles.&lt;ref&gt;Folorunso, C.A.; Whitehouse, Ruth; Wright, Katherine (2007). &quot;Gender and archaeological site formation: ethnoarchaeological studies in parts of Nigeria&quot;. In Hamilton, Sue (ed.). ''Archaeology and Women: Ancient and Modern Issues''. Left Coast Press. pp. 359–360.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sowunmi na founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria, and she also be president of the West African Archaeological Association.

She retire for 2004, but she still continue to dey teach palynology courses and dey supervise BSc and MSc students until she reach 80 years for 2019.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Research ==
Sowunmi research achievements include the first time wey dem identify the age and [[:en:Paleoecology|paleoenvironment]] of the Gwandu Formation, the first description of Eocene pollen for Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, the first study of Late Quaternary vegetation and environmental history for Nigeria,&lt;ref&gt;Sowunmi, M.A. (1981). &quot;Aspects of Late Quaternary Vegetational Changes in West Africa&quot;. ''Journal of Biogeography''. '''8''' (6): 457–474. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/2844565|10.2307/2844565]]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2844565 2844565].&lt;/ref&gt; and the first study of pollen wey come from [[:en:Archaeological_site|archaeological site]] for Nigeria.

== Awards and honours ==
For 2003, Sowunmi collect honorary [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] degree for Humanities from [https://www.uu.se/en Uppsala University], to recognize her outstanding scholarship plus research and teaching contributions for [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|environmental archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleobotany|paleobotany]].&lt;ref&gt;Piehl, Jakob. [https://www.uu.se/en/about-uu/traditions/prizes/honorary-doctorates/arts/ &quot;Honorary Doctors of the Faculty of Arts - Uppsala University, Sweden]&quot;. ''www.uu.se''. Retrieved 2019-07-02.&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==</text>
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'''Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi''' (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian [[:en:Botany|botanist]] and environmental archaeologist.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230326110555/https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/ Prof. Bisi Sowumi]&quot;. ''Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation''. Retrieved 2023-03-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She be Professor of [[:en:Palynology|Palynology]] and [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. She pioneer the study of [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|Environmental Archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babah, Chinedu (2017-03-23). &quot;[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/ SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)]&quot;. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2019-07-02&lt;/ref&gt; and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

== Early life ==
Sowunmi born for [[:en:Kano_(city)|Kano]], Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for [[:en:Church_of_Nigeria|Church of Nigeria]]. She attend [[:en:St_Anne's_School_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University College Ibadan]], and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for [[:en:Palynology|palynology]]. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], wey supervise her PhD: ''“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”''.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt; She collect her PhD for botany from [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]] for 1967.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354,]] ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]]. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], and for 1998 she dey [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology|Institute of Archaeology]], University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, [[:en:Goethe_University_Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität]].&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), &quot;Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi&quot;, in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354]], ISBN 9781441904652&lt;/ref&gt; For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher.&lt;ref&gt;Cambridge, University of (2017-12-07). &quot;[https://medium.com/this-cambridge-life/the-nigerian-archaeologist-investigating-ancient-farming-in-west-africa-3c974be28f06 The Nigerian archaeologist investigating ancient farming in West Africa]&quot;. ''Medium''. Retrieved 2019-05-26.&lt;/ref&gt; Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], including change androcentric course titles.&lt;ref&gt;Folorunso, C.A.; Whitehouse, Ruth; Wright, Katherine (2007). &quot;Gender and archaeological site formation: ethnoarchaeological studies in parts of Nigeria&quot;. In Hamilton, Sue (ed.). ''Archaeology and Women: Ancient and Modern Issues''. Left Coast Press. pp. 359–360.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sowunmi na founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria, and she also be president of the West African Archaeological Association.

She retire for 2004, but she still continue to dey teach palynology courses and dey supervise BSc and MSc students until she reach 80 years for 2019.&lt;ref&gt;Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2025). &quot;[https://palyno-ifps.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PALYNOS_48_2_2025_updated.pdf PALYNOS. Newsletter of the International Federation of Palynological Societies]&quot; (PDF). ''Palynos''. '''48''' (2): 4–8. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-1670 0256-1670]. Retrieved 2026-02-20.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Research ==
Sowunmi research achievements include the first time wey dem identify the age and [[:en:Paleoecology|paleoenvironment]] of the Gwandu Formation, the first description of Eocene pollen for Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, the first study of Late Quaternary vegetation and environmental history for Nigeria,&lt;ref&gt;Sowunmi, M.A. (1981). &quot;Aspects of Late Quaternary Vegetational Changes in West Africa&quot;. ''Journal of Biogeography''. '''8''' (6): 457–474. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/2844565|10.2307/2844565]]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2844565 2844565].&lt;/ref&gt; and the first study of pollen wey come from [[:en:Archaeological_site|archaeological site]] for Nigeria.

== Awards and honours ==
For 2003, Sowunmi collect honorary [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] degree for Humanities from [https://www.uu.se/en Uppsala University], to recognize her outstanding scholarship plus research and teaching contributions for [[:en:Environmental_archaeology|environmental archaeology]] and [[:en:Paleobotany|paleobotany]].&lt;ref&gt;Piehl, Jakob. [https://www.uu.se/en/about-uu/traditions/prizes/honorary-doctorates/arts/ &quot;Honorary Doctors of the Faculty of Arts - Uppsala University, Sweden]&quot;. ''www.uu.se''. Retrieved 2019-07-02.&lt;/ref&gt;

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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Competitive debaters</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26079</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96017</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T22:57:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96017</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Democratic Party United States senators wey komot Massachusetts</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26080</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96018</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T22:58:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96018</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Female candidates for President of de United States</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26081</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96019</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:00:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96019</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Female United States senators</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26082</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96020</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:01:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96020</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Harvard Law School faculty</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26083</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96021</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:01:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96021</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Massachusetts Democrats</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26084</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96022</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:01:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96022</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Members of de American Law Institute</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26085</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96023</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:04:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96023</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Methodists wey komot Massachusetts</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26086</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96024</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:04:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96024</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Native American-related controversies</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26087</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96025</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:05:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96025</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:People of de Consumer Financial Protection Bureau</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26088</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96026</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:05:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96026</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Politicians wey komot Cambridge, Massachusetts</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26089</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96027</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:05:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96027</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Northwest Classen High School alumni</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26090</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96028</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:06:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96028</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Politicians wey komot Oklahoma City</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26091</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96029</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:07:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96029</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Progressivism insyd de United States</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26092</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96030</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:07:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96030</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Rutgers School of Law–Newark alumni</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26093</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96031</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:07:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96031</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Rutgers School of Law–Newark faculty</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26094</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96032</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:07:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96032</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:University of Houston alumni</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26095</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96033</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:08:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96033</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:University of Houston faculty</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26096</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96034</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:08:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96034</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:University of Michigan Law School faculty</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26097</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96035</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:09:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96035</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:University of Pennsylvania Law School faculty</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26098</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96036</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:09:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96036</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:University of Texas School of Law faculty</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26099</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96037</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:10:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96037</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Women insyd Massachusetts politics</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26100</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96038</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:10:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96038</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Human rights insyd Somalia</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26101</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96041</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:23:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96041</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Government of Somalia</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26102</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96042</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:24:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96042</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Society of Somalia</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26103</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96043</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:24:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96043</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Law of Somalia</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26104</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96044</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:24:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96044</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Cameroonian economists</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26105</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96052</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:56:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96052</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Cameroonian expatriates insyd de United States</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26106</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96053</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:56:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96053</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Cameroonian women economists</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26107</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96054</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T23:56:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96054</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:21st-century Cameroonian people</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26108</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96055</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-31T00:03:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96055</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:21st-century economists</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26109</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96056</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-31T00:06:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>96056</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Shakira</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>26110</id>
    <revision>
      <id>96074</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-31T06:53:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-19843-54</username>
        <id>5457</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;Shakira na Colombian singer, songwriter, and dancer wey dem born am on 2 February 1977 for Barranquilla, Colombia. Ein full name na Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll. She begin sing and perform from small pikin time, and by di time she reach ein teenage years, she don already drop albums for Latin America. Ein music style na mix of pop, rock, and Latin vibes plus some Middle Eastern influence wey come from ein background.  Shakira break into di international scene well-well...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>96074</origin>
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      <text bytes="1539" sha1="8l1chzrsjof0m508gadyo5xtefcxjde" xml:space="preserve">Shakira na Colombian singer, songwriter, and dancer wey dem born am on 2 February 1977 for Barranquilla, Colombia. Ein full name na Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll. She begin sing and perform from small pikin time, and by di time she reach ein teenage years, she don already drop albums for Latin America. Ein music style na mix of pop, rock, and Latin vibes plus some Middle Eastern influence wey come from ein background.

Shakira break into di international scene well-well with ein album &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Laundry Service&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; wey come out for 2001. Songs like &quot;Whenever, Wherever&quot; make am blow worldwide and people begin notice ein unique voice and dance moves, especially ein waist movements wey plenty fans love. She no dey only sing for English; she dey also sing for Spanish, and dat one help am connect with different audiences across di world.

Aside from music, Shakira dey known for ein strong stage performance and creativity. She don win plenty awards including Grammys and Latin Grammys, and she don perform for big global events like di FIFA World Cup, where ein song &quot;Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)&quot; become big anthem. She also dey involved for charity work, especially through ein Barefoot Foundation wey dey support education for poor children.

Shakira na one of di most successful Latin artists in history. She don influence many musicians and she still dey active for di music industry. With ein talent, business sense, and global appeal, she remain important figure for world music and entertainment.</text>
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      <text bytes="1551" sha1="e2vo7bm6mu34c6ukjax4hdgs0vuv110" xml:space="preserve">'''Shakira''' na Colombian singer, songwriter, and dancer wey dem born am on 2 February 1977 for Barranquilla, Colombia. Ein full name na '''Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll'''. She begin sing and perform from small pikin time, and by di time she reach ein teenage years, she don already drop albums for Latin America. Ein music style na mix of pop, rock, and Latin vibes plus some Middle Eastern influence wey come from ein background.

Shakira break into di international scene well-well with ein album &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Laundry Service&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; wey come out for 2001. Songs like &quot;Whenever, Wherever&quot; make am blow worldwide and people begin notice ein unique voice and dance moves, especially ein waist movements wey plenty fans love. She no dey only sing for English; she dey also sing for Spanish, and dat one help am connect with different audiences across di world.

Aside from music, Shakira dey known for ein strong stage performance and creativity. She don win plenty awards including Grammys and Latin Grammys, and she don perform for big global events like di FIFA World Cup, where ein song &quot;Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)&quot; become big anthem. She also dey involved for charity work, especially through ein Barefoot Foundation wey dey support education for poor children.

Shakira na one of di most successful Latin artists in history. She don influence many musicians and she still dey active for di music industry. With ein talent, business sense, and global appeal, she remain important figure for world music and entertainment.</text>
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      <text bytes="1517" sha1="oih7rmnq85ri06yso325xwru7n2ysg1" xml:space="preserve">'''Shakira''' na Colombian singer, songwriter, and dancer wey dem born am on 2 February 1977 for Barranquilla, Colombia. Ein full name na '''Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll'''. She begin sing and perform from small pikin time, and by di time she reach ein teenage years, she don already drop albums for Latin America. Ein music style na mix of pop, rock, and Latin vibes plus some Middle Eastern influence wey come from ein background.

Shakira break into di international scene well-well with ein album ''Laundry Service'' wey come out for 2001. Songs like &quot;Whenever, Wherever&quot; make am blow worldwide and people begin notice ein unique voice and dance moves, especially ein waist movements wey plenty fans love. She no dey only sing for English; she dey also sing for Spanish, and dat one help am connect with different audiences across di world.

Aside from music, Shakira dey known for ein strong stage performance and creativity. She don win plenty awards including Grammys and Latin Grammys, and she don perform for big global events like di FIFA World Cup, where ein song &quot;Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)&quot; become big anthem. She also dey involved for charity work, especially through ein Barefoot Foundation wey dey support education for poor children.

Shakira na one of di most successful Latin artists in history. She don influence many musicians and she still dey active for di music industry. With ein talent, business sense, and global appeal, she remain important figure for world music and entertainment.</text>
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      <text bytes="352" sha1="iqi0efs2ujig7novy7o49yqkoavnrzn" xml:space="preserve">'''Olaitan Soyannwo''' na [[:en:Nigerian|Nigerian]] Professor of [[:en:Anaesthesia|Anaesthesia]] and consultant for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]], and she be foreign secretary for [[:en:Nigerian_Academy_of_Science|Nigerian Academy of Science]]. Before, she don serve as President for International Association for the Study of Pain.</text>
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      <text bytes="408" sha1="9ns18j2nk5m0psfx9gxhs889sizbzyh" xml:space="preserve">'''Olaitan Soyannwo''' na [[:en:Nigerian|Nigerian]] Professor of [[:en:Anaesthesia|Anaesthesia]] and consultant for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]], and she be foreign secretary for [[:en:Nigerian_Academy_of_Science|Nigerian Academy of Science]]. Before, she don serve as President for [[:en:International_Association_for_the_Study_of_Pain|International Association for the Study of Pain]].</text>
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      <text bytes="692" sha1="1n6wd11c2xxlfd7d43eb3x088qr7ww0" xml:space="preserve">'''Olaitan Soyannwo''' na [[:en:Nigerian|Nigerian]] Professor of [[:en:Anaesthesia|Anaesthesia]] and consultant for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]], and she be foreign secretary for [[:en:Nigerian_Academy_of_Science|Nigerian Academy of Science]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150707061854/http://www.nas.org.ng/fellowship/members-of-council/ Members of Council&quot;]. ''Nigerian Academy of Science''. Archived from [http://www.nas.org.ng/fellowship/members-of-council/ the original] on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; Before, she don serve as President for [[:en:International_Association_for_the_Study_of_Pain|International Association for the Study of Pain]].</text>
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      <text bytes="709" sha1="n95o1f5mnrtefd9goh5kw4uayue0z0t" xml:space="preserve">'''Olaitan Soyannwo''' na [[:en:Nigerian|Nigerian]] Professor of [[:en:Anaesthesia|Anaesthesia]] and consultant for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]], and she be foreign secretary for [[:en:Nigerian_Academy_of_Science|Nigerian Academy of Science]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150707061854/http://www.nas.org.ng/fellowship/members-of-council/ Members of Council&quot;]. ''Nigerian Academy of Science''. Archived from [http://www.nas.org.ng/fellowship/members-of-council/ the original] on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; Before, she don serve as President for [[:en:International_Association_for_the_Study_of_Pain|International Association for the Study of Pain]].

== Reference ==</text>
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      <text bytes="1011" sha1="69f3a66uurq7xnm802f3bigvm6v3078" xml:space="preserve">'''Olaitan Soyannwo''' na [[:en:Nigerian|Nigerian]] Professor of [[:en:Anaesthesia|Anaesthesia]] and consultant for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]], and she be foreign secretary for [[:en:Nigerian_Academy_of_Science|Nigerian Academy of Science]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150707061854/http://www.nas.org.ng/fellowship/members-of-council/ Members of Council&quot;]. ''Nigerian Academy of Science''. Archived from [http://www.nas.org.ng/fellowship/members-of-council/ the original] on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; Before, she don serve as President for [[:en:International_Association_for_the_Study_of_Pain|International Association for the Study of Pain]].&lt;ref&gt;Soyannwo, OA (2012). &quot;Interview: Interest in pain and palliative care: an African perspective&quot;. ''Pain Manag''. '''2''' (1): 19–22. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2217/pmt.11.80|10.2217/pmt.11.80]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24654614 24654614.]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reference ==</text>
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      <text bytes="1012" sha1="kt69c95vd7xuhfhgwf63qkkn8spn9fa" xml:space="preserve">'''Olaitan Soyannwo''' na [[:en:Nigerian|Nigerian]] Professor of [[:en:Anaesthesia|Anaesthesia]] and consultant for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]], and she be foreign secretary for [[:en:Nigerian_Academy_of_Science|Nigerian Academy of Science]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150707061854/http://www.nas.org.ng/fellowship/members-of-council/ Members of Council&quot;]. ''Nigerian Academy of Science''. Archived from [http://www.nas.org.ng/fellowship/members-of-council/ the original] on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; Before, she don serve as President for [[:en:International_Association_for_the_Study_of_Pain|International Association for the Study of Pain]].&lt;ref&gt;Soyannwo, OA (2012). &quot;Interview: Interest in pain and palliative care: an African perspective&quot;. ''Pain Manag''. '''2''' (1): 19–22. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2217/pmt.11.80|10.2217/pmt.11.80]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24654614 24654614.]&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==</text>
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'''Olaitan Soyannwo''' na [[:en:Nigerian|Nigerian]] Professor of [[:en:Anaesthesia|Anaesthesia]] and consultant for [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|University of Ibadan]], and she be foreign secretary for [[:en:Nigerian_Academy_of_Science|Nigerian Academy of Science]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150707061854/http://www.nas.org.ng/fellowship/members-of-council/ Members of Council&quot;]. ''Nigerian Academy of Science''. Archived from [http://www.nas.org.ng/fellowship/members-of-council/ the original] on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; Before, she don serve as President for [[:en:International_Association_for_the_Study_of_Pain|International Association for the Study of Pain]].&lt;ref&gt;Soyannwo, OA (2012). &quot;Interview: Interest in pain and palliative care: an African perspective&quot;. ''Pain Manag''. '''2''' (1): 19–22. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2217/pmt.11.80|10.2217/pmt.11.80]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24654614 24654614.]&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==</text>
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    <title>Ahmed Tijani Ben Omar</title>
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      <text bytes="4638" sha1="f4jlb3m83nne42rei30fhnqkoua87wb" xml:space="preserve">'''Ahmed Tijani Ben Omar''' (Arabic: أحمد تيجاني بن عمر) be a [[Ghana|Ghanaian]] born [[United States|American]] [[Ulama|Islamic scholar]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;den Imam.

== Education ==
Dem born Tijani insyd [[Accra]], [[Ghana]]. Ein hometown be [[Asamankese]], West Akim Municipal District, Ghana. He specialised insyd [[Sharia|Islamic Law]] den [[Fiqh|Jurisprudence]], wey include comparative religion, astronomy, spiritual science den healing, divine poetry den chanting, fine arts den culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;radicalmiddleway&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 19, 2010 |title=Shaykh Ahmed Tijani Ben Omar |url=http://www.radicalmiddleway.org/speakers/scholar/shaykh-ahmed-tijani-ben-omar |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407090902/http://www.radicalmiddleway.org/speakers/scholar/shaykh-ahmed-tijani-ben-omar |archive-date=April 7, 2014 |access-date=March 15, 2012 |publisher=Radical Middle Way}}&lt;/ref&gt;

He take Arabic den Islamic Studies at de Kulliyat Athakaffah Al Arabiyah insyd Ghana den studied Biblical Science den History through de Methodist Missionary High School insyd Ghana. He specialise insyd media-broadcasting den mass-communications den sana obtain masters insyd comparative religion. He study den memorize de [[Quran|Qur'an]] at de age of 15 den de Bible by de age of 20.&lt;ref name=&quot;radicalmiddleway&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 19, 2010 |title=Shaykh Ahmed Tijani Ben Omar |url=http://www.radicalmiddleway.org/speakers/scholar/shaykh-ahmed-tijani-ben-omar |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407090902/http://www.radicalmiddleway.org/speakers/scholar/shaykh-ahmed-tijani-ben-omar |archive-date=April 7, 2014 |access-date=March 15, 2012 |publisher=Radical Middle Way}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140407090902/http://www.radicalmiddleway.org/speakers/scholar/shaykh-ahmed-tijani-ben-omar &quot;Shaykh Ahmed Tijani Ben Omar&quot;]. Radical Middle Way. August 19, 2010. Archived from [http://www.radicalmiddleway.org/speakers/scholar/shaykh-ahmed-tijani-ben-omar the original] on April 7, 2014&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2012&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
Tijani be a leader of de Tijaniyyah, which come to de United States insyd de 1970s.&lt;ref name=&quot;Encyclopedia of Islam in the United States&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Cesari |first=Jocelyne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zVkkAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Ahmed+Tijani+Ben+Omar |title=Encyclopedia of Islam in the United States |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-0313336256 |page=607}}&lt;/ref&gt; He sana be de National Advisor International Association of Sufism USA; Advisor Islamic Studies den Research Association ISSRA USA; President and Imam Universal Islamic Center USA; Member of de World Council of Religious Leaders under de auspices of de [[United Nations]] Millennium World Peace Summit.&lt;ref name=&quot;jamiyah&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Erudite scholar Shaykh Ahmed Tijani Ben Omar at Jamiyah Singapore |url=http://www.jamiyah.org.sg/subindex.asp?id=A146_11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000822/http://www.jamiyah.org.sg/subindex.asp?id=A146_11 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |access-date=March 15, 2012 |publisher=Jamiyah |df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

He dey travel to over 115 countries worldwide wey give numerous lectures den presentations at conferences, universities den public gatherings around de world. Hosted den directed several national den international Islamic conferences for peace.&lt;ref name=&quot;gatewaytodivinemercy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 25, 2006 |title=Shaykh Ahmed Tijani |url=http://www.gatewaytodivinemercy.com/shaykh-ahmed-tijani-ben-omar.html |access-date=March 15, 2012 |publisher=Gateway To Divine Mercy}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tijani spend ein time between de United States den [[Africa]]. He has been involved insyd peacemaking work insyd Chicago  ein inner cities den inter-faith activity across de world. He oppose literalism den extreme Wahhabi theology.&lt;ref name=&quot;gatewaytodivinemercy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 25, 2006 |title=Shaykh Ahmed Tijani |url=http://www.gatewaytodivinemercy.com/shaykh-ahmed-tijani-ben-omar.html |access-date=March 15, 2012 |publisher=Gateway To Divine Mercy}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.gatewaytodivinemercy.com/shaykh-ahmed-tijani-ben-omar.html &quot;Shaykh Ahmed Tijani&quot;]. Gateway To Divine Mercy. June 25, 2006&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2012&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sanso see ==

* Ghanaian American
* Tijaniyyah
* Sufism

== References ==

[[Category:Living people]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2562" sha1="cm5rugrhuso1b3qeiw9262o4hm5x00g" xml:space="preserve">'''Ahmed Tijani Ben Omar''' (Arabic: أحمد تيجاني بن عمر) be a [[Ghana|Ghanaian]] born [[United States|American]] [[Ulama|Islamic scholar]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;den Imam.

== Education ==
Dem born Tijani insyd [[Accra]], [[Ghana]]. Ein hometown be [[Asamankese]], West Akim Municipal District, Ghana. He specialised insyd [[Sharia|Islamic Law]] den [[Fiqh|Jurisprudence]], wey include comparative religion, astronomy, spiritual science den healing, divine poetry den chanting, fine arts den culture.

He take Arabic den Islamic Studies at de Kulliyat Athakaffah Al Arabiyah insyd Ghana den studied Biblical Science den History through de Methodist Missionary High School insyd Ghana. He specialise insyd media-broadcasting den mass-communications den sana obtain masters insyd comparative religion. He study den memorize de [[Quran|Qur'an]] at de age of 15 den de Bible by de age of 20.

== Career ==
Tijani be a leader of de Tijaniyyah, which come to de United States insyd de 1970s.&lt;ref name=&quot;Encyclopedia of Islam in the United States&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Cesari |first=Jocelyne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zVkkAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Ahmed+Tijani+Ben+Omar |title=Encyclopedia of Islam in the United States |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-0313336256 |page=607}}&lt;/ref&gt; He sana be de National Advisor International Association of Sufism USA; Advisor Islamic Studies den Research Association ISSRA USA; President and Imam Universal Islamic Center USA; Member of de World Council of Religious Leaders under de auspices of de [[United Nations]] Millennium World Peace Summit.&lt;ref name=&quot;jamiyah&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Erudite scholar Shaykh Ahmed Tijani Ben Omar at Jamiyah Singapore |url=http://www.jamiyah.org.sg/subindex.asp?id=A146_11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000822/http://www.jamiyah.org.sg/subindex.asp?id=A146_11 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |access-date=March 15, 2012 |publisher=Jamiyah |df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

He dey travel to over 115 countries worldwide wey give numerous lectures den presentations at conferences, universities den public gatherings around de world. Hosted den directed several national den international Islamic conferences for peace.

Tijani spend ein time between de United States den [[Africa]]. He has been involved insyd peacemaking work insyd Chicago  ein inner cities den inter-faith activity across de world. He oppose literalism den extreme Wahhabi theology.

== Sanso see ==

* Ghanaian American
* Tijaniyyah
* Sufism

== References ==

[[Category:Living people]]</text>
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    <title>Category:First ladies of Cape Verde</title>
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    <title>Category:21st-century Cape Verdean politicians</title>
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    <title>Category:People wey komot Beira, Mozambique</title>
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    <title>Akake Patrick</title>
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'''Akake Patrick''' be a [[Ghanaian]] politician den a member of de First Parliament of de Fourth Republic who represent de Bolgatanga Constituency insyd de [[Upper East Region]] of [[Ghana]]. He be a member  of de [[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|National Democratic Congress]].

== Early life den education ==
Dem born Akake Patrick at Bolgatanga insyd de Upper East Region of Ghana.

== Politics ==
Patrick be elected into parliament on de ticket of de [[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|National Democratic Congress]] for de Bolgatanga Constituency insyd de [[Upper East Region]] of [[Ghana]] during de 1992 Ghanaian parliamentary election. He be replaced by Simon Anyoa Abingya to represent de [[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|National Democratic Congress]] insyd de 1996 Ghanaian general election. Simon Anyoa Abingya subsequently polled 26,816 votes out of de total valid votes cast representing 42.80% during de 1996 General Election over ein opponents, David Apasara of de People's National Convention  who polled 15,577 votes wey represent 24.90%, James Ben Kaba of de [[New Patriotic Party]] who polled 3,861 votes wey represent 6.20%, den Amiyinne Francis of de National Convention Party who polled 956 votes wey represent 1.50%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=Ghana Election 1996 Results – Bolgatanga Central Constituency |url=http://www.thinkghana.com/pages/1996/uppereast/166/index.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304011816/https://www.thinkghana.com/pages/1996/uppereast/166/index.php |archive-date=4 March 2024 |access-date=10 February 2021 |website=Ghana Elections – Peace FM}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=Ghana Election 1996 Results – Bolgatanga Central Constituency |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/uppereast/166/index.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021030647/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/uppereast/166/index.php |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=10 February 2021 |website=Ghana Elections – Peace FM}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==

[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
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    <title>Category:Nigerian financial analysts</title>
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