Wikipedia gpewiki https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.24 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 15551 97193 58035 2026-04-19T21:16:38Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456272|Anthrax]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 97193 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u 97194 97193 2026-04-19T21:19:07Z DaSupremo 9 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/97193|97193]] by [[Special:Contributions/DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 97194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Anthrax | synonym = Anthrax disease | image = Anthrax PHIL 2033.png | image_size = | image_thumbtime = | alt = | caption = A skin lesion wey be caused by anthrax; de characteristic black eschar | pronounce = | specialty = Infectious disease | symptoms = '''Skin form''': small blister plus surrounding swelling<br>'''Inhalational form''': fever, chest pain, shortness of breath<br>'''Intestinal form''': nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain<br>'''Injection form''': fever, abscess | onset = 1 day to 2 months post contact | duration = | causes = ''Bacillus anthracis'' | risks = Working plus animals, travelers, postal workers, military personnel | diagnosis = Based on antibodies anaa toxin insyd de blood, microbial culture | differential = | prevention = Anthrax vaccination, antibiotics | treatment = Antibiotics, antitoxin | medication = | prognosis = 20–80% die widout treatment | frequency = >2,000 cases per year | deaths = }} '''Anthrax''' be an infection wey be caused by de bacterium ''Bacillus anthracis'' anaa ''Bacillus cereus'' biovar ''anthracis''.<ref name="CDC2015Bas">{{cite web|date=1 September 2015|title=Basic Information What is anthrax?|url=https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517175036/http://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/index.html|archive-date=17 May 2016|access-date=14 May 2016|website=CDC}}</ref> Infection typically dey occur by contact plus de skin, inhalation, anaa intestinal absorption.<ref name=":4">{{cite web|date=21 July 2024|title=Types of Anthrax|url=https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/types/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511091519/http://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/types/index.html|archive-date=11 May 2016|access-date=14 May 2016|website=CDC}}</ref> Symptom onset dey occur between one day den more dan two months after de infection be contracted.<ref name="CDC2014Sym">{{cite web|date=23 July 2014|title=Symptoms|url=https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/symptoms.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511071331/http://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/symptoms.html|archive-date=11 May 2016|access-date=14 May 2016|website=CDC}}</ref> De skin form dey present plus a small blister plus surrounding swelling wey often dey turn into a painless ulcer plus a black center.<ref name="CDC2014Sym" /> De inhalation form dey present plus fever, chest pain, den shortness of breath.<ref name="CDC2014Sym" /> De intestinal form dey present plus diarrhea (wich fi contain blood), abdominal pains, nausea, den vomiting.<ref name="CDC2014Sym" /> According to de U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, na de first clinical descriptions of cutaneous anthrax be given by Maret insyd 1752 den Fournier insyd 1769.<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last=Mikesell |first=P. |last2=Ivins |first2=B. E. |last3=Ristroph |first3=J. D. |last4=Vodkin |first4=M. H. |last5=Dreier |first5=T. M. |last6=Leppla |first6=S. H. |date=1983 |title=Plasmids, Pasteur, and anthrax |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael-Vodkin/publication/237280309_Plasmids_Pasteur_and_Anthrax/links/0046352975ba6b5d67000000/Plasmids-Pasteur-and-Anthrax.pdf |journal=ASM news |volume=49 |issue=7}}</ref> Before dat, na dem describe insyd historical accounts per. Na de German scientist Robert Koch be de first make he identify ''Bacillus anthracis'' as de bacterium wey dey cause anthrax.<ref name=":11" /> Anthrax be spread by contact plus de bacterium ein spores, wich often dey appear insyd infectious animal products.<ref name=CDC2015Tran/> Contact be by breathing anaa eating anaa thru an area of broken skin.<ref name=CDC2015Tran/> E no dey typically spread directly between people.<ref name=CDC2015Tran>{{cite web|title=How People Are Infected|url=https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/how-people-are-infected.html|website=CDC|access-date=14 May 2016|date=1 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226203338/https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/how-people-are-infected.html|archive-date=26 December 2016}}</ref> Risk factors dey include people wey dey job plus animals anaa animal products, den military personnel.<ref name="CDC2015Risk2">{{cite web|date=1 September 2015|title=Who Is at Risk|url=https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/risk/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511091534/http://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/risk/index.html|archive-date=11 May 2016|access-date=14 May 2016|website=CDC}}</ref> Dem fi confirm diagnosis by finding antibodies anaa de toxin insyd de blood anaa by culture of a sample from de infected site.<ref name=CDC2015Diag>{{cite web |title=Diagnosis |url=https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/diagnosis.html |website=CDC |access-date=14 May 2016 |date=1 September 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511091531/http://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/diagnosis.html |archive-date=11 May 2016 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * {{cite book|url=https://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/anthrax_web.pdf|title=Anthrax in humans and animals|date=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=9789241547536|edition=4th|location=Geneva|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130153732/https://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/anthrax_web.pdf|archive-date=30 November 2016}} * {{cite journal |date=23 July 1881 |title=Earthworms and Anthrax |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YIE9AQAAIAAJ |journal=Scientific American |page=57}} == External links == {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Anthrax| ]] [[Category:Biological anti-agriculture weapons]] [[Category:Bacterium-related cutaneous conditions]] [[Category:Bovine diseases]] [[Category:Health disasters]] [[Category:Occupational diseases]] [[Category:Respiratory diseases]] [[Category:Zoonoses]] [[Category:Zoonotic bacterial diseases]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] jl78z3kyhhpnjgfrtqeog86pur54qz2 97195 97194 2026-04-19T21:20:15Z DaSupremo 9 Add databox 97195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthrax''' be an infection wey be caused by de bacterium ''Bacillus anthracis'' anaa ''Bacillus cereus'' biovar ''anthracis''.<ref name="CDC2015Bas">{{cite web|date=1 September 2015|title=Basic Information What is anthrax?|url=https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517175036/http://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/index.html|archive-date=17 May 2016|access-date=14 May 2016|website=CDC}}</ref> Infection typically dey occur by contact plus de skin, inhalation, anaa intestinal absorption.<ref name=":4">{{cite web|date=21 July 2024|title=Types of Anthrax|url=https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/types/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511091519/http://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/types/index.html|archive-date=11 May 2016|access-date=14 May 2016|website=CDC}}</ref> Symptom onset dey occur between one day den more dan two months after de infection be contracted.<ref name="CDC2014Sym">{{cite web|date=23 July 2014|title=Symptoms|url=https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/symptoms.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511071331/http://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/symptoms.html|archive-date=11 May 2016|access-date=14 May 2016|website=CDC}}</ref> De skin form dey present plus a small blister plus surrounding swelling wey often dey turn into a painless ulcer plus a black center.<ref name="CDC2014Sym" /> De inhalation form dey present plus fever, chest pain, den shortness of breath.<ref name="CDC2014Sym" /> De intestinal form dey present plus diarrhea (wich fi contain blood), abdominal pains, nausea, den vomiting.<ref name="CDC2014Sym" /> According to de U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, na de first clinical descriptions of cutaneous anthrax be given by Maret insyd 1752 den Fournier insyd 1769.<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last=Mikesell |first=P. |last2=Ivins |first2=B. E. |last3=Ristroph |first3=J. D. |last4=Vodkin |first4=M. H. |last5=Dreier |first5=T. M. |last6=Leppla |first6=S. H. |date=1983 |title=Plasmids, Pasteur, and anthrax |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael-Vodkin/publication/237280309_Plasmids_Pasteur_and_Anthrax/links/0046352975ba6b5d67000000/Plasmids-Pasteur-and-Anthrax.pdf |journal=ASM news |volume=49 |issue=7}}</ref> Before dat, na dem describe insyd historical accounts per. Na de German scientist Robert Koch be de first make he identify ''Bacillus anthracis'' as de bacterium wey dey cause anthrax.<ref name=":11" /> Anthrax be spread by contact plus de bacterium ein spores, wich often dey appear insyd infectious animal products.<ref name=CDC2015Tran/> Contact be by breathing anaa eating anaa thru an area of broken skin.<ref name=CDC2015Tran/> E no dey typically spread directly between people.<ref name=CDC2015Tran>{{cite web|title=How People Are Infected|url=https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/how-people-are-infected.html|website=CDC|access-date=14 May 2016|date=1 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226203338/https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/how-people-are-infected.html|archive-date=26 December 2016}}</ref> Risk factors dey include people wey dey job plus animals anaa animal products, den military personnel.<ref name="CDC2015Risk2">{{cite web|date=1 September 2015|title=Who Is at Risk|url=https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/risk/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511091534/http://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/risk/index.html|archive-date=11 May 2016|access-date=14 May 2016|website=CDC}}</ref> Dem fi confirm diagnosis by finding antibodies anaa de toxin insyd de blood anaa by culture of a sample from de infected site.<ref name=CDC2015Diag>{{cite web |title=Diagnosis |url=https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/diagnosis.html |website=CDC |access-date=14 May 2016 |date=1 September 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511091531/http://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/diagnosis.html |archive-date=11 May 2016 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * {{cite book|url=https://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/anthrax_web.pdf|title=Anthrax in humans and animals|date=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=9789241547536|edition=4th|location=Geneva|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130153732/https://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/anthrax_web.pdf|archive-date=30 November 2016}} * {{cite journal |date=23 July 1881 |title=Earthworms and Anthrax |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YIE9AQAAIAAJ |journal=Scientific American |page=57}} == External links == {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Anthrax| ]] [[Category:Biological anti-agriculture weapons]] [[Category:Bacterium-related cutaneous conditions]] [[Category:Bovine diseases]] [[Category:Health disasters]] [[Category:Occupational diseases]] [[Category:Respiratory diseases]] [[Category:Zoonoses]] [[Category:Zoonotic bacterial diseases]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 1m2ioq9aa7h5somueecdgzfln31d2f5 0 22107 97185 81084 2026-04-19T16:13:37Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456247|Ehlers–Danlos syndromes]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 97185 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u 97186 97185 2026-04-19T16:28:48Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ehlers–Danlos syndromes''' ('''EDS''') be a group of 13 genetic connective tissue disorders.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dattagupta A, Williamson S, El Nihum LI, Petak S | title = A Case of Spondylodysplastic Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome With Comorbid Hypophosphatasia | journal = AACE Clinical Case Reports | volume = 8 | issue = 6 | pages = 255–258 | date = 2022-11-01 | pmid = 36447830 | pmc = 9701907 | doi = 10.1016/j.aace.2022.08.005 | doi-access = free}}</ref> Symptoms often dey include loose joints, joint pain, stretchy, velvety skin, den abnormal scar formation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics |url=https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ehlers-danlos-syndrome/ |access-date=2026-04-19 |website=medlineplus.gov |language=en}}</ref> Dese fi be noticed at birth anaa insyd early kiddie time.<ref name="Net2012">{{cite book| vauthors = Anderson BE |title=The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations – Integumentary System |via=E-Book|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1-4557-2664-6 |page=235 |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LOBYSIiRL8oC&pg=PA235|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105195522/https://books.google.com/books?id=LOBYSIiRL8oC&pg=PA235|archive-date=2017-11-05}}</ref> Complications fi include [[aortic dissection]], joint dislocations, scoliosis, chronic pain, anaa early [[osteoarthritis]].<ref name=":0" /> Dem last update de existing classification insyd 2017, wen na dem add a number of rarer forms of EDS.<ref name=":0" /> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == 691fqx3o8bpc8x355xi6m5zhqf0u0mj 97187 97186 2026-04-19T16:30:01Z DaSupremo 9 Add references 97187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ehlers–Danlos syndromes''' ('''EDS''') be a group of 13 genetic connective tissue disorders.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dattagupta A, Williamson S, El Nihum LI, Petak S | title = A Case of Spondylodysplastic Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome With Comorbid Hypophosphatasia | journal = AACE Clinical Case Reports | volume = 8 | issue = 6 | pages = 255–258 | date = 2022-11-01 | pmid = 36447830 | pmc = 9701907 | doi = 10.1016/j.aace.2022.08.005 | doi-access = free}}</ref> Symptoms often dey include loose joints, joint pain, stretchy, velvety skin, den abnormal scar formation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics |url=https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ehlers-danlos-syndrome/ |access-date=2026-04-19 |website=medlineplus.gov |language=en}}</ref> Dese fi be noticed at birth anaa insyd early kiddie time.<ref name="Net2012">{{cite book| vauthors = Anderson BE |title=The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations – Integumentary System |via=E-Book|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1-4557-2664-6 |page=235 |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LOBYSIiRL8oC&pg=PA235|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105195522/https://books.google.com/books?id=LOBYSIiRL8oC&pg=PA235|archive-date=2017-11-05}}</ref> Complications fi include [[aortic dissection]], joint dislocations, scoliosis, chronic pain, anaa early [[osteoarthritis]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Law2005">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lawrence EJ |date=December 2005 |title=The clinical presentation of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome |journal=Advances in Neonatal Care |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=301–314 |doi=10.1016/j.adnc.2005.09.006 |pmid=16338669 |s2cid=7717730}}</ref> Dem last update de existing classification insyd 2017, wen na dem add a number of rarer forms of EDS.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Malfait_2017">{{cite journal |vauthors=Malfait F, Francomano C, Byers P, Belmont J, Berglund B, Black J, Bloom L, Bowen JM, Brady AF, Burrows NP, Castori M, Cohen H, Colombi M, Demirdas S, De Backer J, De Paepe A, Fournel-Gigleux S, Frank M, Ghali N, Giunta C, Grahame R, Hakim A, Jeunemaitre X, Johnson D, Juul-Kristensen B, Kapferer-Seebacher I, Kazkaz H, Kosho T, Lavallee ME, Levy H, Mendoza-Londono R, Pepin M, Pope FM, Reinstein E, Robert L, Rohrbach M, Sanders L, Sobey GJ, Van Damme T, Vandersteen A, van Mourik C, Voermans N, Wheeldon N, Zschocke J, Tinkle B |date=March 2017 |title=The 2017 international classification of the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes |journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics |volume=175 |issue=1 |pages=8–26 |doi=10.1002/ajmg.c.31552 |pmid=28306229 |s2cid=4440499 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == ro3pre1oz9ifs757naxh2zdzk2ns3e8 97188 97187 2026-04-19T16:34:47Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ehlers–Danlos syndromes''' ('''EDS''') be a group of 13 genetic connective tissue disorders.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dattagupta A, Williamson S, El Nihum LI, Petak S | title = A Case of Spondylodysplastic Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome With Comorbid Hypophosphatasia | journal = AACE Clinical Case Reports | volume = 8 | issue = 6 | pages = 255–258 | date = 2022-11-01 | pmid = 36447830 | pmc = 9701907 | doi = 10.1016/j.aace.2022.08.005 | doi-access = free}}</ref> Symptoms often dey include loose joints, joint pain, stretchy, velvety skin, den abnormal scar formation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics |url=https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ehlers-danlos-syndrome/ |access-date=2026-04-19 |website=medlineplus.gov |language=en}}</ref> Dese fi be noticed at birth anaa insyd early kiddie time.<ref name="Net2012">{{cite book| vauthors = Anderson BE |title=The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations – Integumentary System |via=E-Book|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1-4557-2664-6 |page=235 |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LOBYSIiRL8oC&pg=PA235|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105195522/https://books.google.com/books?id=LOBYSIiRL8oC&pg=PA235|archive-date=2017-11-05}}</ref> Complications fi include [[aortic dissection]], joint dislocations, scoliosis, chronic pain, anaa early [[osteoarthritis]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Law2005">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lawrence EJ |date=December 2005 |title=The clinical presentation of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome |journal=Advances in Neonatal Care |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=301–314 |doi=10.1016/j.adnc.2005.09.006 |pmid=16338669 |s2cid=7717730}}</ref> Dem last update de existing classification insyd 2017, wen na dem add a number of rarer forms of EDS.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Malfait_2017">{{cite journal |vauthors=Malfait F, Francomano C, Byers P, Belmont J, Berglund B, Black J, Bloom L, Bowen JM, Brady AF, Burrows NP, Castori M, Cohen H, Colombi M, Demirdas S, De Backer J, De Paepe A, Fournel-Gigleux S, Frank M, Ghali N, Giunta C, Grahame R, Hakim A, Jeunemaitre X, Johnson D, Juul-Kristensen B, Kapferer-Seebacher I, Kazkaz H, Kosho T, Lavallee ME, Levy H, Mendoza-Londono R, Pepin M, Pope FM, Reinstein E, Robert L, Rohrbach M, Sanders L, Sobey GJ, Van Damme T, Vandersteen A, van Mourik C, Voermans N, Wheeldon N, Zschocke J, Tinkle B |date=March 2017 |title=The 2017 international classification of the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes |journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics |volume=175 |issue=1 |pages=8–26 |doi=10.1002/ajmg.c.31552 |pmid=28306229 |s2cid=4440499 |doi-access=free}}</ref> EDS dey occur secof mutations insyd one anaa more particular genes—der be 19 genes wey fi contribute to de condition.<ref name=":0" /> De specific gene wey e affect dey determine de type of EDS, though de genetic dey cause of hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS) still be unknown.<ref name=":0" /><ref name = "EDS">{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Genetics and Inheritance of EDS and HSD |url=https://www.ehlers-danlos.com/genetics-and-inheritance/#:~:text=The%20genetic%20causes%20of%20hEDS,Genetic%20Evaluation%20(HEDGE)%20Study. |website=The Ehlers–Danlos Society}}</ref> Sam cases dey result from a new variation wey dey occur during early development. In contrast, odas be inherited insyd an autosomal dominant anaa recessive manner.<ref name=":0" /> Typically, dese variations result in defects insyd de structure anaa processing of de protein collagen anaa tenascin.<ref name=":0" /> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] sr4tdc7lm9419busxp0gy28cdpm3gwe 97189 97188 2026-04-19T16:37:35Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ehlers–Danlos syndromes''' ('''EDS''') be a group of 13 genetic connective tissue disorders.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dattagupta A, Williamson S, El Nihum LI, Petak S | title = A Case of Spondylodysplastic Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome With Comorbid Hypophosphatasia | journal = AACE Clinical Case Reports | volume = 8 | issue = 6 | pages = 255–258 | date = 2022-11-01 | pmid = 36447830 | pmc = 9701907 | doi = 10.1016/j.aace.2022.08.005 | doi-access = free}}</ref> Symptoms often dey include loose joints, joint pain, stretchy, velvety skin, den abnormal scar formation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics |url=https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ehlers-danlos-syndrome/ |access-date=2026-04-19 |website=medlineplus.gov |language=en}}</ref> Dese fi be noticed at birth anaa insyd early kiddie time.<ref name="Net2012">{{cite book| vauthors = Anderson BE |title=The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations – Integumentary System |via=E-Book|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1-4557-2664-6 |page=235 |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LOBYSIiRL8oC&pg=PA235|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105195522/https://books.google.com/books?id=LOBYSIiRL8oC&pg=PA235|archive-date=2017-11-05}}</ref> Complications fi include [[aortic dissection]], joint dislocations, scoliosis, chronic pain, anaa early [[osteoarthritis]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Law2005">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lawrence EJ |date=December 2005 |title=The clinical presentation of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome |journal=Advances in Neonatal Care |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=301–314 |doi=10.1016/j.adnc.2005.09.006 |pmid=16338669 |s2cid=7717730}}</ref> Dem last update de existing classification insyd 2017, wen na dem add a number of rarer forms of EDS.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Malfait_2017">{{cite journal |vauthors=Malfait F, Francomano C, Byers P, Belmont J, Berglund B, Black J, Bloom L, Bowen JM, Brady AF, Burrows NP, Castori M, Cohen H, Colombi M, Demirdas S, De Backer J, De Paepe A, Fournel-Gigleux S, Frank M, Ghali N, Giunta C, Grahame R, Hakim A, Jeunemaitre X, Johnson D, Juul-Kristensen B, Kapferer-Seebacher I, Kazkaz H, Kosho T, Lavallee ME, Levy H, Mendoza-Londono R, Pepin M, Pope FM, Reinstein E, Robert L, Rohrbach M, Sanders L, Sobey GJ, Van Damme T, Vandersteen A, van Mourik C, Voermans N, Wheeldon N, Zschocke J, Tinkle B |date=March 2017 |title=The 2017 international classification of the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes |journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics |volume=175 |issue=1 |pages=8–26 |doi=10.1002/ajmg.c.31552 |pmid=28306229 |s2cid=4440499 |doi-access=free}}</ref> EDS dey occur secof mutations insyd one anaa more particular genes—der be 19 genes wey fi contribute to de condition.<ref name=":0" /> De specific gene wey e affect dey determine de type of EDS, though de genetic dey cause of hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS) still be unknown.<ref name=":0" /><ref name = "EDS">{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Genetics and Inheritance of EDS and HSD |url=https://www.ehlers-danlos.com/genetics-and-inheritance/#:~:text=The%20genetic%20causes%20of%20hEDS,Genetic%20Evaluation%20(HEDGE)%20Study. |website=The Ehlers–Danlos Society}}</ref> Sam cases dey result from a new variation wey dey occur during early development. In contrast, odas be inherited insyd an autosomal dominant anaa recessive manner.<ref name=":0" /> Typically, dese variations result in defects insyd de structure anaa processing of de protein collagen anaa tenascin.<ref name=":0" /> Diagnosis often be based on symptoms, particularly hEDS, buh people initially fi be misdiagnosed plus [[hypochondriasis|somatic symptom disorder]], [[Depression (mood)|depression]], anaa [[myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome]].<ref name=Law2005/> Genetic testing fi be used to confirm all types of EDS except {{not a typo|hEDS}}, for wich a dem no yet discover genetic marker.<ref name = "EDS" /> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] eb7p3nh5vpjfjo81j3m52vgsigxcrly 97190 97189 2026-04-19T16:40:25Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ehlers–Danlos syndromes''' ('''EDS''') be a group of 13 genetic connective tissue disorders.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dattagupta A, Williamson S, El Nihum LI, Petak S | title = A Case of Spondylodysplastic Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome With Comorbid Hypophosphatasia | journal = AACE Clinical Case Reports | volume = 8 | issue = 6 | pages = 255–258 | date = 2022-11-01 | pmid = 36447830 | pmc = 9701907 | doi = 10.1016/j.aace.2022.08.005 | doi-access = free}}</ref> Symptoms often dey include loose joints, joint pain, stretchy, velvety skin, den abnormal scar formation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics |url=https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ehlers-danlos-syndrome/ |access-date=2026-04-19 |website=medlineplus.gov |language=en}}</ref> Dese fi be noticed at birth anaa insyd early kiddie time.<ref name="Net2012">{{cite book| vauthors = Anderson BE |title=The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations – Integumentary System |via=E-Book|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1-4557-2664-6 |page=235 |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LOBYSIiRL8oC&pg=PA235|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105195522/https://books.google.com/books?id=LOBYSIiRL8oC&pg=PA235|archive-date=2017-11-05}}</ref> Complications fi include [[aortic dissection]], joint dislocations, scoliosis, chronic pain, anaa early [[osteoarthritis]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Law2005">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lawrence EJ |date=December 2005 |title=The clinical presentation of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome |journal=Advances in Neonatal Care |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=301–314 |doi=10.1016/j.adnc.2005.09.006 |pmid=16338669 |s2cid=7717730}}</ref> Dem last update de existing classification insyd 2017, wen na dem add a number of rarer forms of EDS.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Malfait_2017">{{cite journal |vauthors=Malfait F, Francomano C, Byers P, Belmont J, Berglund B, Black J, Bloom L, Bowen JM, Brady AF, Burrows NP, Castori M, Cohen H, Colombi M, Demirdas S, De Backer J, De Paepe A, Fournel-Gigleux S, Frank M, Ghali N, Giunta C, Grahame R, Hakim A, Jeunemaitre X, Johnson D, Juul-Kristensen B, Kapferer-Seebacher I, Kazkaz H, Kosho T, Lavallee ME, Levy H, Mendoza-Londono R, Pepin M, Pope FM, Reinstein E, Robert L, Rohrbach M, Sanders L, Sobey GJ, Van Damme T, Vandersteen A, van Mourik C, Voermans N, Wheeldon N, Zschocke J, Tinkle B |date=March 2017 |title=The 2017 international classification of the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes |journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics |volume=175 |issue=1 |pages=8–26 |doi=10.1002/ajmg.c.31552 |pmid=28306229 |s2cid=4440499 |doi-access=free}}</ref> EDS dey occur secof mutations insyd one anaa more particular genes—der be 19 genes wey fi contribute to de condition.<ref name=":0" /> De specific gene wey e affect dey determine de type of EDS, though de genetic dey cause of hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS) still be unknown.<ref name=":0" /><ref name = "EDS">{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Genetics and Inheritance of EDS and HSD |url=https://www.ehlers-danlos.com/genetics-and-inheritance/#:~:text=The%20genetic%20causes%20of%20hEDS,Genetic%20Evaluation%20(HEDGE)%20Study. |website=The Ehlers–Danlos Society}}</ref> Sam cases dey result from a new variation wey dey occur during early development. In contrast, odas be inherited insyd an autosomal dominant anaa recessive manner.<ref name=":0" /> Typically, dese variations result in defects insyd de structure anaa processing of de protein collagen anaa tenascin.<ref name=":0" /> Diagnosis often be based on symptoms, particularly hEDS, buh people initially fi be misdiagnosed plus [[hypochondriasis|somatic symptom disorder]], [[Depression (mood)|depression]], anaa [[myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome]].<ref name=Law2005/> Genetic testing fi be used to confirm all types of EDS except {{not a typo|hEDS}}, for wich a dem no yet discover genetic marker.<ref name = "EDS" /> A cure no yet be known,<ref name=Fer2016>{{cite book| vauthors = Ferri FF |title=Ferri's Netter Patient Advisor |date=2016 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=978-0-323-39324-9 |page=939|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dz_dCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA939|url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171105195522/https://books.google.com/books?id=Dz_dCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA939 |archive-date=2017-11-05}}</ref> wey treatment be supportive in nature.<ref name=Law2005/> Physical therapy den bracing fi help strengthen muscles den support joints.<ref name=Law2005>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lawrence EJ | title = The clinical presentation of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome | journal = Advances in Neonatal Care | volume = 5 | issue = 6 | pages = 301–314 | date = December 2005 | pmid = 16338669 | doi = 10.1016/j.adnc.2005.09.006 | s2cid = 7717730}}</ref> Several medications fi help alleviate symptoms of EDS, such as pain den blood pressure drugs, wich reduce joint pain den complications wey blood vessel weakness cause.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ehlers-danlos-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20362149|title=Ehlers-Danlos syndrome - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic|website=www.mayoclinic.org}}</ref> Sam forms of EDS dey result in a normal life expectancy, buh those wey dey affect blood vessels generally decrease am.<ref name=Fer2016/> All forms of EDS fi result in fatal outcomes for sam patients.<ref name="Brady_2017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Brady AF, Demirdas S, Fournel-Gigleux S, Ghali N, Giunta C, Kapferer-Seebacher I, Kosho T, Mendoza-Londono R, Pope MF, Rohrbach M, Van Damme T, Vandersteen A, van Mourik C, Voermans N, Zschocke J, Malfait F | title = The Ehlers–Danlos syndromes, rare types | journal = American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics | volume = 175 | issue = 1 | pages = 70–115 | date = March 2017 | pmid = 28306225 | doi = 10.1002/ajmg.c.31550 | s2cid = 4439633 | doi-access = free| hdl = 1765/98894 | hdl-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Doolan_2023">{{cite journal | vauthors = Doolan BJ, Lavallee ME, Hausser I, Schubart JR, Michael Pope F, Seneviratne SL, Winship IM, Burrows NP | title = Extracutaneous features and complications of the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes: A systematic review | journal = Frontiers in Medicine | volume = 10 | article-number = 1053466 | date = 23 Jan 2023 | pmid = 36756177 | pmc = 9899794 | doi = 10.3389/fmed.2023.1053466 | doi-access = free}}</ref><ref name="pmid35986728">{{cite journal | vauthors = Marathe N, Lohkamp LN, Fehlings MG | title = Spinal manifestations of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome: a scoping review | journal = Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine | volume = 37 | issue = 6 | pages = 783–793 | date = December 2022 | pmid = 35986728 | pmc = | doi = 10.3171/2022.6.SPINE211011 | s2cid = 251694109}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] sp6flaxw2almx2n4ciqts374ycb1p32 97191 97190 2026-04-19T16:47:26Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ehlers–Danlos syndromes''' ('''EDS''') be a group of 13 genetic connective tissue disorders.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dattagupta A, Williamson S, El Nihum LI, Petak S | title = A Case of Spondylodysplastic Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome With Comorbid Hypophosphatasia | journal = AACE Clinical Case Reports | volume = 8 | issue = 6 | pages = 255–258 | date = 2022-11-01 | pmid = 36447830 | pmc = 9701907 | doi = 10.1016/j.aace.2022.08.005 | doi-access = free}}</ref> Symptoms often dey include loose joints, joint pain, stretchy, velvety skin, den abnormal scar formation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics |url=https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ehlers-danlos-syndrome/ |access-date=2026-04-19 |website=medlineplus.gov |language=en}}</ref> Dese fi be noticed at birth anaa insyd early kiddie time.<ref name="Net2012">{{cite book| vauthors = Anderson BE |title=The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations – Integumentary System |via=E-Book|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1-4557-2664-6 |page=235 |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LOBYSIiRL8oC&pg=PA235|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105195522/https://books.google.com/books?id=LOBYSIiRL8oC&pg=PA235|archive-date=2017-11-05}}</ref> Complications fi include [[aortic dissection]], joint dislocations, scoliosis, chronic pain, anaa early [[osteoarthritis]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Law2005">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lawrence EJ |date=December 2005 |title=The clinical presentation of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome |journal=Advances in Neonatal Care |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=301–314 |doi=10.1016/j.adnc.2005.09.006 |pmid=16338669 |s2cid=7717730}}</ref> Dem last update de existing classification insyd 2017, wen na dem add a number of rarer forms of EDS.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Malfait_2017">{{cite journal |vauthors=Malfait F, Francomano C, Byers P, Belmont J, Berglund B, Black J, Bloom L, Bowen JM, Brady AF, Burrows NP, Castori M, Cohen H, Colombi M, Demirdas S, De Backer J, De Paepe A, Fournel-Gigleux S, Frank M, Ghali N, Giunta C, Grahame R, Hakim A, Jeunemaitre X, Johnson D, Juul-Kristensen B, Kapferer-Seebacher I, Kazkaz H, Kosho T, Lavallee ME, Levy H, Mendoza-Londono R, Pepin M, Pope FM, Reinstein E, Robert L, Rohrbach M, Sanders L, Sobey GJ, Van Damme T, Vandersteen A, van Mourik C, Voermans N, Wheeldon N, Zschocke J, Tinkle B |date=March 2017 |title=The 2017 international classification of the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes |journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics |volume=175 |issue=1 |pages=8–26 |doi=10.1002/ajmg.c.31552 |pmid=28306229 |s2cid=4440499 |doi-access=free}}</ref> EDS dey occur secof mutations insyd one anaa more particular genes—der be 19 genes wey fi contribute to de condition.<ref name=":0" /> De specific gene wey e affect dey determine de type of EDS, though de genetic dey cause of hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS) still be unknown.<ref name=":0" /><ref name = "EDS">{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Genetics and Inheritance of EDS and HSD |url=https://www.ehlers-danlos.com/genetics-and-inheritance/#:~:text=The%20genetic%20causes%20of%20hEDS,Genetic%20Evaluation%20(HEDGE)%20Study. |website=The Ehlers–Danlos Society}}</ref> Sam cases dey result from a new variation wey dey occur during early development. In contrast, odas be inherited insyd an autosomal dominant anaa recessive manner.<ref name=":0" /> Typically, dese variations result in defects insyd de structure anaa processing of de protein collagen anaa tenascin.<ref name=":0" /> Diagnosis often be based on symptoms, particularly hEDS, buh people initially fi be misdiagnosed plus [[hypochondriasis|somatic symptom disorder]], [[Depression (mood)|depression]], anaa [[myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome]].<ref name=Law2005/> Genetic testing fi be used to confirm all types of EDS except {{not a typo|EDS}}, for wich a dem no yet discover genetic marker.<ref name = "EDS" /> A cure no yet be known,<ref name=Fer2016>{{cite book| vauthors = Ferri FF |title=Ferri's Netter Patient Advisor |date=2016 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=978-0-323-39324-9 |page=939|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dz_dCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA939|url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171105195522/https://books.google.com/books?id=Dz_dCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA939 |archive-date=2017-11-05}}</ref> wey treatment be supportive in nature.<ref name=Law2005/> Physical therapy den bracing fi help strengthen muscles den support joints.<ref name=Law2005>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lawrence EJ | title = The clinical presentation of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome | journal = Advances in Neonatal Care | volume = 5 | issue = 6 | pages = 301–314 | date = December 2005 | pmid = 16338669 | doi = 10.1016/j.adnc.2005.09.006 | s2cid = 7717730}}</ref> Several medications fi help alleviate symptoms of EDS, such as pain den blood pressure drugs, wich reduce joint pain den complications wey blood vessel weakness cause.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ehlers-danlos-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20362149|title=Ehlers-Danlos syndrome - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic|website=www.mayoclinic.org}}</ref> Sam forms of EDS dey result in a normal life expectancy, buh those wey dey affect blood vessels generally decrease am.<ref name=Fer2016/> All forms of EDS fi result in fatal outcomes for sam patients.<ref name="Brady_2017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Brady AF, Demirdas S, Fournel-Gigleux S, Ghali N, Giunta C, Kapferer-Seebacher I, Kosho T, Mendoza-Londono R, Pope MF, Rohrbach M, Van Damme T, Vandersteen A, van Mourik C, Voermans N, Zschocke J, Malfait F | title = The Ehlers–Danlos syndromes, rare types | journal = American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics | volume = 175 | issue = 1 | pages = 70–115 | date = March 2017 | pmid = 28306225 | doi = 10.1002/ajmg.c.31550 | s2cid = 4439633 | doi-access = free| hdl = 1765/98894 | hdl-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Doolan_2023">{{cite journal | vauthors = Doolan BJ, Lavallee ME, Hausser I, Schubart JR, Michael Pope F, Seneviratne SL, Winship IM, Burrows NP | title = Extracutaneous features and complications of the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes: A systematic review | journal = Frontiers in Medicine | volume = 10 | article-number = 1053466 | date = 23 Jan 2023 | pmid = 36756177 | pmc = 9899794 | doi = 10.3389/fmed.2023.1053466 | doi-access = free}}</ref><ref name="pmid35986728">{{cite journal | vauthors = Marathe N, Lohkamp LN, Fehlings MG | title = Spinal manifestations of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome: a scoping review | journal = Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine | volume = 37 | issue = 6 | pages = 783–793 | date = December 2022 | pmid = 35986728 | pmc = | doi = 10.3171/2022.6.SPINE211011 | s2cid = 251694109}}</ref> While {{not a typo|EDS}} dey affect at least one insyd 5,000 people globally,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=Tinkle2017>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tinkle B, Castori M, Berglund B, Cohen H, Grahame R, Kazkaz H, Levy H | title = Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (a.k.a. Ehlers–Danlos syndrome Type III and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome hypermobility type): Clinical description and natural history | journal = American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics | volume = 175 | issue = 1 | pages = 48–69 | date = March 2017 | pmid = 28145611 | doi = 10.1002/ajmg.c.31538 | s2cid = 4440630 | doi-access = free}}</ref> oda types occur at lower frequencies.<ref name="Malfait_2017" /><ref name="Brady_2017"/> De prognosis dey depend on de specific disorder.<ref name=Law2005/> Excess mobility be first described by Hippocrates insyd 400 BC.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Beighton PH, Grahame R, Bird HA |title=Hypermobility of Joints |date=2011 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-84882-085-2 |page=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ludlEZJC5iEC&pg=PA1 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171105195522/https://books.google.com/books?id=ludlEZJC5iEC&pg=PA1 |archive-date=2017-11-05}}</ref> Dem name de syndromes after two physicians, Edvard Ehlers den Henri-Alexandre Danlos, wey describe dem at de turn of de 20th century.<ref name="Byers2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Byers PH, Murray ML | title = Heritable collagen disorders: the paradigm of the Ehlers–Danlos syndrome | journal = The Journal of Investigative Dermatology | volume = 132 | issue = E1 | pages = E6-11 | date = November 2012 | pmid = 23154631 | doi = 10.1038/skinbio.2012.3 | doi-access = free}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] ljfx207jmu83qhbv3coa4qp4novtgm1 97192 97191 2026-04-19T21:05:43Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ehlers–Danlos syndromes''' ('''EDS''') be a group of 13 genetic connective tissue disorders.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dattagupta A, Williamson S, El Nihum LI, Petak S | title = A Case of Spondylodysplastic Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome With Comorbid Hypophosphatasia | journal = AACE Clinical Case Reports | volume = 8 | issue = 6 | pages = 255–258 | date = 2022-11-01 | pmid = 36447830 | pmc = 9701907 | doi = 10.1016/j.aace.2022.08.005 | doi-access = free}}</ref> Symptoms often dey include loose joints, joint pain, stretchy, velvety skin, den abnormal scar formation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics |url=https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ehlers-danlos-syndrome/ |access-date=2026-04-19 |website=medlineplus.gov |language=en}}</ref> Dese fi be noticed at birth anaa insyd early kiddie time.<ref name="Net2012">{{cite book| vauthors = Anderson BE |title=The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations – Integumentary System |via=E-Book|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1-4557-2664-6 |page=235 |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LOBYSIiRL8oC&pg=PA235|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105195522/https://books.google.com/books?id=LOBYSIiRL8oC&pg=PA235|archive-date=2017-11-05}}</ref> Complications fi include [[aortic dissection]], joint dislocations, scoliosis, chronic pain, anaa early [[osteoarthritis]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Law2005">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lawrence EJ |date=December 2005 |title=The clinical presentation of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome |journal=Advances in Neonatal Care |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=301–314 |doi=10.1016/j.adnc.2005.09.006 |pmid=16338669 |s2cid=7717730}}</ref> Dem last update de existing classification insyd 2017, wen na dem add a number of rarer forms of EDS.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Malfait_2017">{{cite journal |vauthors=Malfait F, Francomano C, Byers P, Belmont J, Berglund B, Black J, Bloom L, Bowen JM, Brady AF, Burrows NP, Castori M, Cohen H, Colombi M, Demirdas S, De Backer J, De Paepe A, Fournel-Gigleux S, Frank M, Ghali N, Giunta C, Grahame R, Hakim A, Jeunemaitre X, Johnson D, Juul-Kristensen B, Kapferer-Seebacher I, Kazkaz H, Kosho T, Lavallee ME, Levy H, Mendoza-Londono R, Pepin M, Pope FM, Reinstein E, Robert L, Rohrbach M, Sanders L, Sobey GJ, Van Damme T, Vandersteen A, van Mourik C, Voermans N, Wheeldon N, Zschocke J, Tinkle B |date=March 2017 |title=The 2017 international classification of the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes |journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics |volume=175 |issue=1 |pages=8–26 |doi=10.1002/ajmg.c.31552 |pmid=28306229 |s2cid=4440499 |doi-access=free}}</ref> EDS dey occur secof mutations insyd one anaa more particular genes—der be 19 genes wey fi contribute to de condition.<ref name=":0" /> De specific gene wey e affect dey determine de type of EDS, though de genetic dey cause of hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS) still be unknown.<ref name=":0" /><ref name = "EDS">{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Genetics and Inheritance of EDS and HSD |url=https://www.ehlers-danlos.com/genetics-and-inheritance/#:~:text=The%20genetic%20causes%20of%20hEDS,Genetic%20Evaluation%20(HEDGE)%20Study. |website=The Ehlers–Danlos Society}}</ref> Sam cases dey result from a new variation wey dey occur during early development. In contrast, odas be inherited insyd an autosomal dominant anaa recessive manner.<ref name=":0" /> Typically, dese variations result in defects insyd de structure anaa processing of de protein collagen anaa tenascin.<ref name=":0" /> Diagnosis often be based on symptoms, particularly hEDS, buh people initially fi be misdiagnosed plus [[hypochondriasis|somatic symptom disorder]], [[Depression (mood)|depression]], anaa [[myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome]].<ref name=Law2005/> Genetic testing fi be used to confirm all types of EDS except {{not a typo|EDS}}, for wich a dem no yet discover genetic marker.<ref name = "EDS" /> A cure no yet be known,<ref name=Fer2016>{{cite book| vauthors = Ferri FF |title=Ferri's Netter Patient Advisor |date=2016 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=978-0-323-39324-9 |page=939|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dz_dCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA939|url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171105195522/https://books.google.com/books?id=Dz_dCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA939 |archive-date=2017-11-05}}</ref> wey treatment be supportive in nature.<ref name=Law2005/> Physical therapy den bracing fi help strengthen muscles den support joints.<ref name=Law2005>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lawrence EJ | title = The clinical presentation of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome | journal = Advances in Neonatal Care | volume = 5 | issue = 6 | pages = 301–314 | date = December 2005 | pmid = 16338669 | doi = 10.1016/j.adnc.2005.09.006 | s2cid = 7717730}}</ref> Several medications fi help alleviate symptoms of EDS, such as pain den blood pressure drugs, wich reduce joint pain den complications wey blood vessel weakness cause.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ehlers-danlos-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20362149|title=Ehlers-Danlos syndrome - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic|website=www.mayoclinic.org}}</ref> Sam forms of EDS dey result in a normal life expectancy, buh those wey dey affect blood vessels generally decrease am.<ref name=Fer2016/> All forms of EDS fi result in fatal outcomes for sam patients.<ref name="Brady_2017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Brady AF, Demirdas S, Fournel-Gigleux S, Ghali N, Giunta C, Kapferer-Seebacher I, Kosho T, Mendoza-Londono R, Pope MF, Rohrbach M, Van Damme T, Vandersteen A, van Mourik C, Voermans N, Zschocke J, Malfait F | title = The Ehlers–Danlos syndromes, rare types | journal = American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics | volume = 175 | issue = 1 | pages = 70–115 | date = March 2017 | pmid = 28306225 | doi = 10.1002/ajmg.c.31550 | s2cid = 4439633 | doi-access = free| hdl = 1765/98894 | hdl-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Doolan_2023">{{cite journal | vauthors = Doolan BJ, Lavallee ME, Hausser I, Schubart JR, Michael Pope F, Seneviratne SL, Winship IM, Burrows NP | title = Extracutaneous features and complications of the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes: A systematic review | journal = Frontiers in Medicine | volume = 10 | article-number = 1053466 | date = 23 Jan 2023 | pmid = 36756177 | pmc = 9899794 | doi = 10.3389/fmed.2023.1053466 | doi-access = free}}</ref><ref name="pmid35986728">{{cite journal | vauthors = Marathe N, Lohkamp LN, Fehlings MG | title = Spinal manifestations of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome: a scoping review | journal = Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine | volume = 37 | issue = 6 | pages = 783–793 | date = December 2022 | pmid = 35986728 | pmc = | doi = 10.3171/2022.6.SPINE211011 | s2cid = 251694109}}</ref> While {{not a typo|EDS}} dey affect at least one insyd 5,000 people globally,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=Tinkle2017>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tinkle B, Castori M, Berglund B, Cohen H, Grahame R, Kazkaz H, Levy H | title = Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (a.k.a. Ehlers–Danlos syndrome Type III and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome hypermobility type): Clinical description and natural history | journal = American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics | volume = 175 | issue = 1 | pages = 48–69 | date = March 2017 | pmid = 28145611 | doi = 10.1002/ajmg.c.31538 | s2cid = 4440630 | doi-access = free}}</ref> oda types occur at lower frequencies.<ref name="Malfait_2017" /><ref name="Brady_2017"/> De prognosis dey depend on de specific disorder.<ref name=Law2005/> Excess mobility be first described by Hippocrates insyd 400 BC.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Beighton PH, Grahame R, Bird HA |title=Hypermobility of Joints |date=2011 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-84882-085-2 |page=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ludlEZJC5iEC&pg=PA1 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171105195522/https://books.google.com/books?id=ludlEZJC5iEC&pg=PA1 |archive-date=2017-11-05}}</ref> Dem name de syndromes after two physicians, Edvard Ehlers den Henri-Alexandre Danlos, wey describe dem at de turn of de 20th century.<ref name="Byers2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Byers PH, Murray ML | title = Heritable collagen disorders: the paradigm of the Ehlers–Danlos syndrome | journal = The Journal of Investigative Dermatology | volume = 132 | issue = E1 | pages = E6-11 | date = November 2012 | pmid = 23154631 | doi = 10.1038/skinbio.2012.3 | doi-access = free}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * {{Cite web | vauthors = Cueto I |date=2022-12-12 |title=Revenge of the gaslit patients: Now, as scientists, they're tackling Ehlers–Danlos syndromes |url=https://www.statnews.com/2022/12/12/ehlers-danlos-syndrome-patients-turned-researchers/ |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=STAT}} * {{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2021/12/27/ehlers-danlos-syndrome-alissa-zingman-treatment/ |title=A doctor struggled with a rare, incurable syndrome. Now she helps others overcome it. | vauthors = Wan W |date=December 27, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}} * [https://www.ehlers-danlos.com/ The Ehlers-Danlos Society] {{DEFAULTSORT:Ehlers-Danlos syndrome}} [[Category:Genodermatoses]] [[Category:Ehlers–Danlos syndrome| ]] [[Category:Abnormalities of dermal fibrous den elastic tissue]] [[Category:Collagen disease]] [[Category:Congenital disorders]] [[Category:Connective tissue diseases]] [[Category:Contortion]] [[Category:Disorders of fascia]] [[Category:Syndromes insyd mammals]] [[Category:Syndromes plus ADHD]] [[Category:Diseases dem name after discoverers]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 9o00f7wr6ori9m4a9v3chamev5psj44 0 22732 97196 82729 2026-04-19T21:26:40Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456276|Ankylosing spondylitis]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 97196 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u 97197 97196 2026-04-19T21:47:51Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97197 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ankylosing spondylitis''' ('''AS''') be a type of [[arthritis]] from de disease spectrum of axial spondyloarthritis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ivanova |first1=Mariana |last2=Zimba |first2=Olena |last3=Dimitrov |first3=Ivan |last4=Angelov |first4=Alexander K. |last5=Georgiev |first5=Tsvetoslav |date=2024-09-01 |title=Axial Spondyloarthritis: an overview of the disease |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00296-024-05601-9 |journal=Rheumatology International |language=en |volume=44 |issue=9 |pages=1607–1619 |doi=10.1007/s00296-024-05601-9 |pmid=38689098 |issn=1437-160X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> De term dey cam from de Greek ''ankylos'' wey dey mean crooked, curved anaa rounded, ''spondylos'' wey dey mean vertebra, den ''-itis'' wey dey mean inflammation.<ref name="NIH2016" /> E be characterized by long-term inflammation of de joints of de spine, typically wer de spine dey join de pelvis.<ref name="NIH2016">{{cite web|title=Questions and Answers about Ankylosing Spondylitis|url=https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/ankylosing-spondylitis|website=NIAMS|access-date=28 September 2016|date=June 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928175058/http://www.niams.nih.gov/health_info/ankylosing_spondylitis/|archive-date=28 September 2016}}</ref> Lower back pain be a hallmark, buh eye den gastrointestinal problems den arthritis of oda joints sanso fi occur.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Joint mobility insyd de affected areas often dey worsen over time, though de progression of symptoms dey vary significantly.<ref name="NIH2016" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Ankylosing spondylitis|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/9518/ankylosing-spondylitis|website=GARD|access-date=28 September 2016|date=9 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002084025/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/9518/ankylosing-spondylitis|archive-date=2 October 2016}}</ref> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 41b7zifm1cezduluz5lppaalkboc51e 97198 97197 2026-04-19T21:59:32Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ankylosing spondylitis''' ('''AS''') be a type of [[arthritis]] from de disease spectrum of axial spondyloarthritis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ivanova |first1=Mariana |last2=Zimba |first2=Olena |last3=Dimitrov |first3=Ivan |last4=Angelov |first4=Alexander K. |last5=Georgiev |first5=Tsvetoslav |date=2024-09-01 |title=Axial Spondyloarthritis: an overview of the disease |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00296-024-05601-9 |journal=Rheumatology International |language=en |volume=44 |issue=9 |pages=1607–1619 |doi=10.1007/s00296-024-05601-9 |pmid=38689098 |issn=1437-160X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> De term dey cam from de Greek ''ankylos'' wey dey mean crooked, curved anaa rounded, ''spondylos'' wey dey mean vertebra, den ''-itis'' wey dey mean inflammation.<ref name="NIH2016" /> E be characterized by long-term inflammation of de joints of de spine, typically wer de spine dey join de pelvis.<ref name="NIH2016">{{cite web|title=Questions and Answers about Ankylosing Spondylitis|url=https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/ankylosing-spondylitis|website=NIAMS|access-date=28 September 2016|date=June 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928175058/http://www.niams.nih.gov/health_info/ankylosing_spondylitis/|archive-date=28 September 2016}}</ref> Lower back pain be a hallmark, buh eye den gastrointestinal problems den arthritis of oda joints sanso fi occur.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Joint mobility insyd de affected areas often dey worsen over time, though de progression of symptoms dey vary significantly.<ref name="NIH2016" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Ankylosing spondylitis|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/9518/ankylosing-spondylitis|website=GARD|access-date=28 September 2016|date=9 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002084025/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/9518/ankylosing-spondylitis|archive-date=2 October 2016}}</ref> Ankylosing spondylitis be believed to involve a combination of genetic den environmental factors.<ref name="NIH2016"/> More dan 90% of people e affect insyd de [[United Kingdom|UK]] get a specific human leukocyte antigen dem know as de HLA-B27 antigen, though de genetic correlation dey vary across populations (e.g., only 70% of AS patients insyd [[Turkey]] be HLA-B27 positive).<ref name="The ramifications of HLA-B27">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sheehan NJ | title = The ramifications of HLA-B27 | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine | volume = 97 | issue = 1 | pages = 10–4 | date = January 2004 | pmid = 14702356 | pmc = 1079257 | doi = 10.1177/014107680409700102 }}</ref><ref name = TK_positivity>{{cite journal | journal = European Journal of Rheumatology | volume = 25 | issue = 4 | pages = 268-271 | doi = 10.5152/eurjrheum.2017.17015 | date = 25 October 2017 | title = Low frequency of HLA-B27 in ankylosing spondylitis and its relationship with clinical findings in patients from Turkey | first1 = Sevde Nur | last1 = Fırat | first2 = Ayten | last2 = Yazıcı | first3 = Barış | last3 = Yılmazer | first4 = Fulya | last4 = Coşan | first5 = Hakan | last5 = Savlı |first6 = Ayşe |last6 = Cefle | pmc = 5741340 | pmid = 29308282 | url = https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5741340 | access-date = 4 November 2025}}</ref> De underlying mechanism be believed to be [[autoimmune disease|autoimmune]] anaa autoinflammatory.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Smith JA | s2cid = 24623808 | title = Update on ankylosing spondylitis: current concepts in pathogenesis | journal = Current Allergy and Asthma Reports | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | article-number = 489 | date = January 2015 | pmid = 25447326 | doi = 10.1007/s11882-014-0489-6 }}</ref> Diagnosis be based on symptoms plus support from medical imaging den blood tests.<ref name="NIH2016" /> AS be a type of seronegative spondyloarthropathy, wey dey mean say tests dey show no presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) antibodies.<ref name="NIH2016" /> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] mhbfw67hoy5cnk0g2806c3096stwxkr 97199 97198 2026-04-19T22:12:16Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ankylosing spondylitis''' ('''AS''') be a type of [[arthritis]] from de disease spectrum of axial spondyloarthritis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ivanova |first1=Mariana |last2=Zimba |first2=Olena |last3=Dimitrov |first3=Ivan |last4=Angelov |first4=Alexander K. |last5=Georgiev |first5=Tsvetoslav |date=2024-09-01 |title=Axial Spondyloarthritis: an overview of the disease |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00296-024-05601-9 |journal=Rheumatology International |language=en |volume=44 |issue=9 |pages=1607–1619 |doi=10.1007/s00296-024-05601-9 |pmid=38689098 |issn=1437-160X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> De term dey cam from de Greek ''ankylos'' wey dey mean crooked, curved anaa rounded, ''spondylos'' wey dey mean vertebra, den ''-itis'' wey dey mean inflammation.<ref name="NIH2016" /> E be characterized by long-term inflammation of de joints of de spine, typically wer de spine dey join de pelvis.<ref name="NIH2016">{{cite web|title=Questions and Answers about Ankylosing Spondylitis|url=https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/ankylosing-spondylitis|website=NIAMS|access-date=28 September 2016|date=June 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928175058/http://www.niams.nih.gov/health_info/ankylosing_spondylitis/|archive-date=28 September 2016}}</ref> Lower back pain be a hallmark, buh eye den gastrointestinal problems den arthritis of oda joints sanso fi occur.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Joint mobility insyd de affected areas often dey worsen over time, though de progression of symptoms dey vary significantly.<ref name="NIH2016" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Ankylosing spondylitis|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/9518/ankylosing-spondylitis|website=GARD|access-date=28 September 2016|date=9 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002084025/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/9518/ankylosing-spondylitis|archive-date=2 October 2016}}</ref> Ankylosing spondylitis be believed to involve a combination of genetic den environmental factors.<ref name="NIH2016"/> More dan 90% of people e affect insyd de [[United Kingdom|UK]] get a specific human leukocyte antigen dem know as de HLA-B27 antigen, though de genetic correlation dey vary across populations (e.g., only 70% of AS patients insyd [[Turkey]] be HLA-B27 positive).<ref name="The ramifications of HLA-B27">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sheehan NJ | title = The ramifications of HLA-B27 | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine | volume = 97 | issue = 1 | pages = 10–4 | date = January 2004 | pmid = 14702356 | pmc = 1079257 | doi = 10.1177/014107680409700102 }}</ref><ref name = TK_positivity>{{cite journal | journal = European Journal of Rheumatology | volume = 25 | issue = 4 | pages = 268-271 | doi = 10.5152/eurjrheum.2017.17015 | date = 25 October 2017 | title = Low frequency of HLA-B27 in ankylosing spondylitis and its relationship with clinical findings in patients from Turkey | first1 = Sevde Nur | last1 = Fırat | first2 = Ayten | last2 = Yazıcı | first3 = Barış | last3 = Yılmazer | first4 = Fulya | last4 = Coşan | first5 = Hakan | last5 = Savlı |first6 = Ayşe |last6 = Cefle | pmc = 5741340 | pmid = 29308282 | url = https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5741340 | access-date = 4 November 2025}}</ref> De underlying mechanism be believed to be [[autoimmune disease|autoimmune]] anaa autoinflammatory.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Smith JA | s2cid = 24623808 | title = Update on ankylosing spondylitis: current concepts in pathogenesis | journal = Current Allergy and Asthma Reports | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | article-number = 489 | date = January 2015 | pmid = 25447326 | doi = 10.1007/s11882-014-0489-6 }}</ref> Diagnosis be based on symptoms plus support from medical imaging den blood tests.<ref name="NIH2016" /> AS be a type of seronegative spondyloarthropathy, wey dey mean say tests dey show no presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) antibodies.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Der be currently no cure give AS. Treatments fi include medication, physical therapy, den surgery. Medication therapy dey focus on relieving de pain den oda symptoms of AS, as well as stopping disease progression by counteracting long-term inflammatory processes. Commonly medications dem use include NSAIDs, TNF inhibitors, IL-17 antagonists, den DMARDs. Glucocorticoid injections often be used for acute den localized flare-ups.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last1=Ward |first1=Michael M. |last2=Deodhar |first2=Atul |last3=Gensler |first3=Lianne S. |last4=Dubreuil |first4=Maureen |last5=Yu |first5=David |last6=Khan |first6=Muhammad Asim |last7=Haroon |first7=Nigil |last8=Borenstein |first8=David |last9=Wang |first9=Runsheng |last10=Biehl |first10=Ann |last11=Fang |first11=Meika A. |last12=Louie |first12=Grant |last13=Majithia |first13=Vikas |last14=Ng |first14=Bernard |last15=Bigham |first15=Rosemary |date=October 2019 |title=2019 Update of the American College of Rheumatology/Spondylitis Association of America/Spondyloarthritis Research and Treatment Network Recommendations for the Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis and Nonradiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis |journal=Arthritis & Rheumatology |volume=71 |issue=10 |pages=1599–1613 |doi=10.1002/art.41042 |issn=2326-5191 |pmc=6764882 |pmid=31436036}}</ref> About 0.1% to 0.8% of de population be affected, plus onset typically dey occur insyd young adults.<ref name="NIH2016" /><ref name="Kh2009">{{cite book| vauthors = Khan MA |title=Ankylosing Spondylitis|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-536807-9 |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFZnDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT27|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908183556/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFZnDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT27|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> While men den women equally be affected plus AS, women be more likely to experience inflammation rather dan fusion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=|title=Facts and Figures|url=http://nass.co.uk/about-as/as-facts-and-figures/|access-date=2021-01-27|website=National Axial Spondyloarthritis Society|language=en}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 7kzv17jdvvg5ovuueds8bhgd9u6n7jq 97200 97199 2026-04-19T22:18:23Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ankylosing spondylitis''' ('''AS''') be a type of [[arthritis]] from de disease spectrum of axial spondyloarthritis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ivanova |first1=Mariana |last2=Zimba |first2=Olena |last3=Dimitrov |first3=Ivan |last4=Angelov |first4=Alexander K. |last5=Georgiev |first5=Tsvetoslav |date=2024-09-01 |title=Axial Spondyloarthritis: an overview of the disease |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00296-024-05601-9 |journal=Rheumatology International |language=en |volume=44 |issue=9 |pages=1607–1619 |doi=10.1007/s00296-024-05601-9 |pmid=38689098 |issn=1437-160X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> De term dey cam from de Greek ''ankylos'' wey dey mean crooked, curved anaa rounded, ''spondylos'' wey dey mean vertebra, den ''-itis'' wey dey mean inflammation.<ref name="NIH2016" /> E be characterized by long-term inflammation of de joints of de spine, typically wer de spine dey join de pelvis.<ref name="NIH2016">{{cite web|title=Questions and Answers about Ankylosing Spondylitis|url=https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/ankylosing-spondylitis|website=NIAMS|access-date=28 September 2016|date=June 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928175058/http://www.niams.nih.gov/health_info/ankylosing_spondylitis/|archive-date=28 September 2016}}</ref> Lower back pain be a hallmark, buh eye den gastrointestinal problems den arthritis of oda joints sanso fi occur.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Joint mobility insyd de affected areas often dey worsen over time, though de progression of symptoms dey vary significantly.<ref name="NIH2016" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Ankylosing spondylitis|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/9518/ankylosing-spondylitis|website=GARD|access-date=28 September 2016|date=9 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002084025/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/9518/ankylosing-spondylitis|archive-date=2 October 2016}}</ref> Ankylosing spondylitis be believed to involve a combination of genetic den environmental factors.<ref name="NIH2016"/> More dan 90% of people e affect insyd de [[United Kingdom|UK]] get a specific human leukocyte antigen dem know as de HLA-B27 antigen, though de genetic correlation dey vary across populations (e.g., only 70% of AS patients insyd [[Turkey]] be HLA-B27 positive).<ref name="The ramifications of HLA-B27">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sheehan NJ | title = The ramifications of HLA-B27 | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine | volume = 97 | issue = 1 | pages = 10–4 | date = January 2004 | pmid = 14702356 | pmc = 1079257 | doi = 10.1177/014107680409700102 }}</ref><ref name = TK_positivity>{{cite journal | journal = European Journal of Rheumatology | volume = 25 | issue = 4 | pages = 268-271 | doi = 10.5152/eurjrheum.2017.17015 | date = 25 October 2017 | title = Low frequency of HLA-B27 in ankylosing spondylitis and its relationship with clinical findings in patients from Turkey | first1 = Sevde Nur | last1 = Fırat | first2 = Ayten | last2 = Yazıcı | first3 = Barış | last3 = Yılmazer | first4 = Fulya | last4 = Coşan | first5 = Hakan | last5 = Savlı |first6 = Ayşe |last6 = Cefle | pmc = 5741340 | pmid = 29308282 | url = https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5741340 | access-date = 4 November 2025}}</ref> De underlying mechanism be believed to be [[autoimmune disease|autoimmune]] anaa autoinflammatory.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Smith JA | s2cid = 24623808 | title = Update on ankylosing spondylitis: current concepts in pathogenesis | journal = Current Allergy and Asthma Reports | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | article-number = 489 | date = January 2015 | pmid = 25447326 | doi = 10.1007/s11882-014-0489-6 }}</ref> Diagnosis be based on symptoms plus support from medical imaging den blood tests.<ref name="NIH2016" /> AS be a type of seronegative spondyloarthropathy, wey dey mean say tests dey show no presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) antibodies.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Der be currently no cure give AS. Treatments fi include medication, physical therapy, den surgery. Medication therapy dey focus on relieving de pain den oda symptoms of AS, as well as stopping disease progression by counteracting long-term inflammatory processes. Commonly medications dem use include NSAIDs, TNF inhibitors, IL-17 antagonists, den DMARDs. Glucocorticoid injections often be used for acute den localized flare-ups.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last1=Ward |first1=Michael M. |last2=Deodhar |first2=Atul |last3=Gensler |first3=Lianne S. |last4=Dubreuil |first4=Maureen |last5=Yu |first5=David |last6=Khan |first6=Muhammad Asim |last7=Haroon |first7=Nigil |last8=Borenstein |first8=David |last9=Wang |first9=Runsheng |last10=Biehl |first10=Ann |last11=Fang |first11=Meika A. |last12=Louie |first12=Grant |last13=Majithia |first13=Vikas |last14=Ng |first14=Bernard |last15=Bigham |first15=Rosemary |date=October 2019 |title=2019 Update of the American College of Rheumatology/Spondylitis Association of America/Spondyloarthritis Research and Treatment Network Recommendations for the Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis and Nonradiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis |journal=Arthritis & Rheumatology |volume=71 |issue=10 |pages=1599–1613 |doi=10.1002/art.41042 |issn=2326-5191 |pmc=6764882 |pmid=31436036}}</ref> About 0.1% to 0.8% of de population be affected, plus onset typically dey occur insyd young adults.<ref name="NIH2016" /><ref name="Kh2009">{{cite book| vauthors = Khan MA |title=Ankylosing Spondylitis|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-536807-9 |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFZnDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT27|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908183556/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFZnDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT27|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> While men den women equally be affected plus AS, women be more likely to experience inflammation rather dan fusion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=|title=Facts and Figures|url=http://nass.co.uk/about-as/as-facts-and-figures/|access-date=2021-01-27|website=National Axial Spondyloarthritis Society|language=en}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/ankylosing-spondylitis Questions and Answers about Ankylosing Spondylitis]&nbsp;- US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ankylosing Spondylitis}} [[Category:Ankylosing spondylitis| ]] [[Category:Arthritis]] [[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] [[Category:Rheumatology]] [[Category:Diseases dem name after discoverers]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] hoozk1337nbrpk95p64te5qmxrcn8xq 0 22884 97201 83161 2026-04-19T22:31:11Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456259|Azithromycin]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 97201 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u 97202 97201 2026-04-19T22:48:57Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Azithromycin''', dem sell under de brand names '''Zithromax''' (insyd oral form) den '''Azasite''' (as an eye drop), be an antibiotic medication dem use to treat several bacterial infections.<ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web|title=Azithromycin|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/azithromycin.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=1 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905161757/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/azithromycin.html|archive-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> Dese dey include middle ear infections, strep throat, [[pneumonia]], traveler's diarrhea, [[sexually transmitted infection]], den certain oda intestinal infections.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Along plus oda medications, e sanso fi be used for [[malaria]].<ref name=AHFS2015/> E be administered by mouth, into a vein, anaa as topical treatment give de eye.<ref name=AHFS2015/> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] l1epyadabtfq84y2kxbhd0olva9zy1e 97203 97202 2026-04-19T22:57:21Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97203 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Azithromycin''', dem sell under de brand names '''Zithromax''' (insyd oral form) den '''Azasite''' (as an eye drop), be an antibiotic medication dem use to treat several bacterial infections.<ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web|title=Azithromycin|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/azithromycin.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=1 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905161757/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/azithromycin.html|archive-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> Dese dey include middle ear infections, strep throat, [[pneumonia]], traveler's diarrhea, [[sexually transmitted infection]], den certain oda intestinal infections.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Along plus oda medications, e sanso fi be used for [[malaria]].<ref name=AHFS2015/> E be administered by mouth, into a vein, anaa as topical treatment give de eye.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Common side effects dey include nausea, vomiting, [[diarrhea]] den upset stomach.<ref name=AHFS2015/> An allergic reaction, such as anaphylaxis, anaa a type of diarrhea wey ''Clostridioides difficile'' cause be possible.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Azithromycin dey cause QT prolongation wey fi cause life-threatening arrhythmias such as torsades de pointes.<ref name="pmid27928188">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dunker A, Kolanczyk DM, Maendel CM, Patel AR, Pettit NN |title=Impact of the FDA Warning for Azithromycin and Risk for QT Prolongation on Utilization at an Academic Medical Center |journal=Hosp Pharm |volume=51 |issue=10 |pages=830–833 |date=November 2016 |pmid=27928188 |pmc=5135431 |doi=10.1310/hpj5110-830 }}</ref> While sam studies dey claim say dem find no harm plus ein use during [[pregnancy]],<ref name=AHFS2015/> more recent studies plus mice during late pregnancy show adverse effects on embryonic testicular den neural development of prenatal azithromycin exposure (PAzE). However, der need to be more well-controlled studies insyd pregnant women.<ref name="Zithromax FDA label">{{cite web | title=Zithromax- azithromycin dihydrate tablet, film coated; Zithromax- azithromycin dihydrate powder, for suspension | website=DailyMed | date=29 September 2023 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b749df83-49b0-433e-8a62-589a048dd716 | access-date=26 April 2024}}</ref> Ein safety during [[breastfeeding]] no be confirmed, buh e be likely safe.<ref name=Breast2015>{{cite web|title=Azithromycin use while Breastfeeding|url=https://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/azithromycin.html|access-date=4 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905170054/http://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/azithromycin.html|archive-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> Azithromycin be an azalide, a type of macrolide antibiotic.<ref name=AHFS2015/> E dey work by decreasing de production of protein, thereby stopping bacterial growth.<ref name=AHFS2015/><ref>{{cite web |title=Azithromycin Stops The Growth of Bacteria |url=https://deutschemedz.de/azithromycin/ |access-date=24 December 2017 |language=de |archive-date=12 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512060429/https://deutschemedz.de/azithromycin |url-status=live }}</ref> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == fspn45d0pzoc5426z9nsaphy2yb5mh4 97204 97203 2026-04-19T23:14:44Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Azithromycin''', dem sell under de brand names '''Zithromax''' (insyd oral form) den '''Azasite''' (as an eye drop), be an antibiotic medication dem use to treat several bacterial infections.<ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web|title=Azithromycin|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/azithromycin.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=1 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905161757/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/azithromycin.html|archive-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> Dese dey include middle ear infections, strep throat, [[pneumonia]], traveler's diarrhea, [[sexually transmitted infection]], den certain oda intestinal infections.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Along plus oda medications, e sanso fi be used for [[malaria]].<ref name=AHFS2015/> E be administered by mouth, into a vein, anaa as topical treatment give de eye.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Common side effects dey include nausea, vomiting, [[diarrhea]] den upset stomach.<ref name=AHFS2015/> An allergic reaction, such as anaphylaxis, anaa a type of diarrhea wey ''Clostridioides difficile'' cause be possible.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Azithromycin dey cause QT prolongation wey fi cause life-threatening arrhythmias such as torsades de pointes.<ref name="pmid27928188">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dunker A, Kolanczyk DM, Maendel CM, Patel AR, Pettit NN |title=Impact of the FDA Warning for Azithromycin and Risk for QT Prolongation on Utilization at an Academic Medical Center |journal=Hosp Pharm |volume=51 |issue=10 |pages=830–833 |date=November 2016 |pmid=27928188 |pmc=5135431 |doi=10.1310/hpj5110-830 }}</ref> While sam studies dey claim say dem find no harm plus ein use during [[pregnancy]],<ref name=AHFS2015/> more recent studies plus mice during late pregnancy show adverse effects on embryonic testicular den neural development of prenatal azithromycin exposure (PAzE). However, der need to be more well-controlled studies insyd pregnant women.<ref name="Zithromax FDA label">{{cite web | title=Zithromax- azithromycin dihydrate tablet, film coated; Zithromax- azithromycin dihydrate powder, for suspension | website=DailyMed | date=29 September 2023 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b749df83-49b0-433e-8a62-589a048dd716 | access-date=26 April 2024}}</ref> Ein safety during [[breastfeeding]] no be confirmed, buh e be likely safe.<ref name=Breast2015>{{cite web|title=Azithromycin use while Breastfeeding|url=https://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/azithromycin.html|access-date=4 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905170054/http://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/azithromycin.html|archive-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> Azithromycin be an azalide, a type of macrolide antibiotic.<ref name=AHFS2015/> E dey work by decreasing de production of protein, thereby stopping bacterial growth.<ref name=AHFS2015/><ref>{{cite web |title=Azithromycin Stops The Growth of Bacteria |url=https://deutschemedz.de/azithromycin/ |access-date=24 December 2017 |language=de |archive-date=12 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512060429/https://deutschemedz.de/azithromycin |url-status=live }}</ref> Dem discover azithromycin insyd Croatia insyd 1980 by de pharmaceutical company Pliva wey dem approve am for medical use insyd 1988.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Greenwood D |title=Antimicrobial drugs: chronicle of a twentieth century medical triumph|date=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-953484-5|page=239|edition= 1st |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4_FZHmzjzwC&pg=PA239|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305044428/https://books.google.com/books?id=i4_FZHmzjzwC&pg=PA239|archive-date=5 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=Fis2006>{{cite book |vauthors=Alapi EM, Fischer J |veditors=Fischer J, Ganellin CR |title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery |date=2006 |publisher=Wiley-Vch Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA |location=Weinheim |isbn=978-3-527-31257-3 |page=498 |chapter=Table of Selected Analogue Classes |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA498 |access-date=2 April 2020 |archive-date=14 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114140343/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA498 |url-status=live }}</ref> E dey on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.<ref name="WHO23rd">{{cite book | title = The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023) | year = 2023 | hdl = 10665/371090 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> De World Health Organization dey list am as an example under "Macrolides and ketolides" insyd ein ''Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine'' (dem design to help manage antimicrobial resistance).<ref>{{cite book | year=2018 | title=Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine | edition=6th revision | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | hdl=10665/312266 | id=License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO | isbn=978-92-4-151552-8 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> E be available as a generic medication<ref name=Ric2015>{{cite book| vauthors = Hamilton R |title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=978-1-284-05756-0}}</ref> wey e be sold under chaw brand names worldwide.<ref name=drugs.comINT>{{cite web|title=Azithromycin International Brands|url=https://www.drugs.com/international/azithromycin.html|publisher=Drugs.com|access-date=27 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228085651/https://www.drugs.com/international/azithromycin.html|archive-date=28 February 2017}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na e be de 64th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de [[United States]], plus more dan 10{{nbsp}}million prescriptions.<ref name="Top300Drugs">{{cite web | title=Top 300 of 2023 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=12 August 2025 | archive-date=12 August 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812130026/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Azithromycin Drug Usage Statistics">{{cite web | title = Azithromycin Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Azithromycin | access-date = 18 August 2025 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] csli40dfzfe10e8g3n3eo45i9wwl1po 97205 97204 2026-04-19T23:46:02Z DaSupremo 9 /* Medical uses */ Improve article 97205 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Azithromycin''', dem sell under de brand names '''Zithromax''' (insyd oral form) den '''Azasite''' (as an eye drop), be an antibiotic medication dem use to treat several bacterial infections.<ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web|title=Azithromycin|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/azithromycin.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=1 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905161757/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/azithromycin.html|archive-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> Dese dey include middle ear infections, strep throat, [[pneumonia]], traveler's diarrhea, [[sexually transmitted infection]], den certain oda intestinal infections.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Along plus oda medications, e sanso fi be used for [[malaria]].<ref name=AHFS2015/> E be administered by mouth, into a vein, anaa as topical treatment give de eye.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Common side effects dey include nausea, vomiting, [[diarrhea]] den upset stomach.<ref name=AHFS2015/> An allergic reaction, such as anaphylaxis, anaa a type of diarrhea wey ''Clostridioides difficile'' cause be possible.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Azithromycin dey cause QT prolongation wey fi cause life-threatening arrhythmias such as torsades de pointes.<ref name="pmid27928188">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dunker A, Kolanczyk DM, Maendel CM, Patel AR, Pettit NN |title=Impact of the FDA Warning for Azithromycin and Risk for QT Prolongation on Utilization at an Academic Medical Center |journal=Hosp Pharm |volume=51 |issue=10 |pages=830–833 |date=November 2016 |pmid=27928188 |pmc=5135431 |doi=10.1310/hpj5110-830 }}</ref> While sam studies dey claim say dem find no harm plus ein use during [[pregnancy]],<ref name=AHFS2015/> more recent studies plus mice during late pregnancy show adverse effects on embryonic testicular den neural development of prenatal azithromycin exposure (PAzE). However, der need to be more well-controlled studies insyd pregnant women.<ref name="Zithromax FDA label">{{cite web | title=Zithromax- azithromycin dihydrate tablet, film coated; Zithromax- azithromycin dihydrate powder, for suspension | website=DailyMed | date=29 September 2023 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b749df83-49b0-433e-8a62-589a048dd716 | access-date=26 April 2024}}</ref> Ein safety during [[breastfeeding]] no be confirmed, buh e be likely safe.<ref name=Breast2015>{{cite web|title=Azithromycin use while Breastfeeding|url=https://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/azithromycin.html|access-date=4 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905170054/http://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/azithromycin.html|archive-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> Azithromycin be an azalide, a type of macrolide antibiotic.<ref name=AHFS2015/> E dey work by decreasing de production of protein, thereby stopping bacterial growth.<ref name=AHFS2015/><ref>{{cite web |title=Azithromycin Stops The Growth of Bacteria |url=https://deutschemedz.de/azithromycin/ |access-date=24 December 2017 |language=de |archive-date=12 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512060429/https://deutschemedz.de/azithromycin |url-status=live }}</ref> Dem discover azithromycin insyd Croatia insyd 1980 by de pharmaceutical company Pliva wey dem approve am for medical use insyd 1988.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Greenwood D |title=Antimicrobial drugs: chronicle of a twentieth century medical triumph|date=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-953484-5|page=239|edition= 1st |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4_FZHmzjzwC&pg=PA239|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305044428/https://books.google.com/books?id=i4_FZHmzjzwC&pg=PA239|archive-date=5 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=Fis2006>{{cite book |vauthors=Alapi EM, Fischer J |veditors=Fischer J, Ganellin CR |title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery |date=2006 |publisher=Wiley-Vch Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA |location=Weinheim |isbn=978-3-527-31257-3 |page=498 |chapter=Table of Selected Analogue Classes |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA498 |access-date=2 April 2020 |archive-date=14 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114140343/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA498 |url-status=live }}</ref> E dey on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.<ref name="WHO23rd">{{cite book | title = The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023) | year = 2023 | hdl = 10665/371090 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> De World Health Organization dey list am as an example under "Macrolides and ketolides" insyd ein ''Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine'' (dem design to help manage antimicrobial resistance).<ref>{{cite book | year=2018 | title=Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine | edition=6th revision | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | hdl=10665/312266 | id=License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO | isbn=978-92-4-151552-8 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> E be available as a generic medication<ref name=Ric2015>{{cite book| vauthors = Hamilton R |title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=978-1-284-05756-0}}</ref> wey e be sold under chaw brand names worldwide.<ref name=drugs.comINT>{{cite web|title=Azithromycin International Brands|url=https://www.drugs.com/international/azithromycin.html|publisher=Drugs.com|access-date=27 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228085651/https://www.drugs.com/international/azithromycin.html|archive-date=28 February 2017}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na e be de 64th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de [[United States]], plus more dan 10{{nbsp}}million prescriptions.<ref name="Top300Drugs">{{cite web | title=Top 300 of 2023 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=12 August 2025 | archive-date=12 August 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812130026/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Azithromycin Drug Usage Statistics">{{cite web | title = Azithromycin Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Azithromycin | access-date = 18 August 2025 }}</ref> == Medical uses == === Bacterial susceptibility === Azithromycin get relatively broad buh shallow antibacterial activity. E dey inhibit sam Gram-positive bacteria, sam Gram-negative bacteria, den chaw atypical bacteria.<ref name="Sybilski-2020">{{cite journal | doi=10.15557/PiMR.2020.0048 | title=Azithromycin – more than an antibiotic | date=2020 | journal=Pediatria I Medycyna Rodzinna | volume=16 | issue=3 | pages=261–267 | vauthors = Sybilski AJ | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid23650453">{{cite journal |vauthors=Opitz DL, Harthan JS |title=Review of Azithromycin Ophthalmic 1% Solution (AzaSite) for the Treatment of Ocular Infections |journal=Ophthalmol Eye Dis |volume=4 |issue= |pages=1–14 |date=2012 |article-number=OED.S7791 |pmid=23650453 |pmc=3619494 |doi=10.4137/OED.S7791}}</ref><ref name="pmid30226949">{{cite journal |vauthors=Amano A, Kishi N, Koyama H, Matsuzaki K, Matsumoto S, Uchino K, Yamaguchi H, Yokomizo A, Mizuno M |title=In vitro activity of sitafloxacin against atypical bacteria (2009-2014) and comparison between susceptibility of clinical isolates in 2009 and 2012 |journal=Jpn J Antibiot |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=131–142 |date=September 2016 |pmid=30226949}}</ref> '''Aerobic den facultative Gram-positive microorganisms''' * ''Staphylococcus aureus'' (Methicillin-sensitive per) * ''Streptococcus agalactiae'' * ''Streptococcus pneumoniae'' * ''Streptococcus pyogenes'' '''Aerobic den facultative anaerobic Gram-negative microorganisms''' * ''Bordetella pertussis'' * ''Haemophilus ducreyi'' * ''Haemophilus influenzae'' * ''Legionella pneumophila'' * ''Moraxella catarrhalis'' * ''Neisseria gonorrhoeae'' '''Anaerobic microorganisms''' * ''Peptostreptococcus'' species * ''Prevotella bivia'' '''Oda microorganisms''' * ''Chlamydia trachomatis'' * ''Chlamydophila pneumoniae'' * ''Mycoplasma genitalium'' * ''Mycoplasma pneumoniae'' * ''Ureaplasma urealyticum'' == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] tnspfp1x3bvq4j95fkqiujfqgq3smal 97206 97205 2026-04-19T23:51:58Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Azithromycin''', dem sell under de brand names '''Zithromax''' (insyd oral form) den '''Azasite''' (as an eye drop), be an antibiotic medication dem use to treat several bacterial infections.<ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web|title=Azithromycin|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/azithromycin.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=1 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905161757/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/azithromycin.html|archive-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> Dese dey include middle ear infections, strep throat, [[pneumonia]], traveler's diarrhea, [[sexually transmitted infection]], den certain oda intestinal infections.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Along plus oda medications, e sanso fi be used for [[malaria]].<ref name=AHFS2015/> E be administered by mouth, into a vein, anaa as topical treatment give de eye.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Common side effects dey include nausea, vomiting, [[diarrhea]] den upset stomach.<ref name=AHFS2015/> An allergic reaction, such as anaphylaxis, anaa a type of diarrhea wey ''Clostridioides difficile'' cause be possible.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Azithromycin dey cause QT prolongation wey fi cause life-threatening arrhythmias such as torsades de pointes.<ref name="pmid27928188">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dunker A, Kolanczyk DM, Maendel CM, Patel AR, Pettit NN |title=Impact of the FDA Warning for Azithromycin and Risk for QT Prolongation on Utilization at an Academic Medical Center |journal=Hosp Pharm |volume=51 |issue=10 |pages=830–833 |date=November 2016 |pmid=27928188 |pmc=5135431 |doi=10.1310/hpj5110-830 }}</ref> While sam studies dey claim say dem find no harm plus ein use during [[pregnancy]],<ref name=AHFS2015/> more recent studies plus mice during late pregnancy show adverse effects on embryonic testicular den neural development of prenatal azithromycin exposure (PAzE). However, der need to be more well-controlled studies insyd pregnant women.<ref name="Zithromax FDA label">{{cite web | title=Zithromax- azithromycin dihydrate tablet, film coated; Zithromax- azithromycin dihydrate powder, for suspension | website=DailyMed | date=29 September 2023 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b749df83-49b0-433e-8a62-589a048dd716 | access-date=26 April 2024}}</ref> Ein safety during [[breastfeeding]] no be confirmed, buh e be likely safe.<ref name=Breast2015>{{cite web|title=Azithromycin use while Breastfeeding|url=https://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/azithromycin.html|access-date=4 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905170054/http://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/azithromycin.html|archive-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> Azithromycin be an azalide, a type of macrolide antibiotic.<ref name=AHFS2015/> E dey work by decreasing de production of protein, thereby stopping bacterial growth.<ref name=AHFS2015/><ref>{{cite web |title=Azithromycin Stops The Growth of Bacteria |url=https://deutschemedz.de/azithromycin/ |access-date=24 December 2017 |language=de |archive-date=12 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512060429/https://deutschemedz.de/azithromycin |url-status=live }}</ref> Dem discover azithromycin insyd Croatia insyd 1980 by de pharmaceutical company Pliva wey dem approve am for medical use insyd 1988.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Greenwood D |title=Antimicrobial drugs: chronicle of a twentieth century medical triumph|date=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-953484-5|page=239|edition= 1st |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4_FZHmzjzwC&pg=PA239|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305044428/https://books.google.com/books?id=i4_FZHmzjzwC&pg=PA239|archive-date=5 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=Fis2006>{{cite book |vauthors=Alapi EM, Fischer J |veditors=Fischer J, Ganellin CR |title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery |date=2006 |publisher=Wiley-Vch Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA |location=Weinheim |isbn=978-3-527-31257-3 |page=498 |chapter=Table of Selected Analogue Classes |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA498 |access-date=2 April 2020 |archive-date=14 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114140343/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA498 |url-status=live }}</ref> E dey on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.<ref name="WHO23rd">{{cite book | title = The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023) | year = 2023 | hdl = 10665/371090 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> De World Health Organization dey list am as an example under "Macrolides and ketolides" insyd ein ''Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine'' (dem design to help manage antimicrobial resistance).<ref>{{cite book | year=2018 | title=Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine | edition=6th revision | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | hdl=10665/312266 | id=License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO | isbn=978-92-4-151552-8 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> E be available as a generic medication<ref name=Ric2015>{{cite book| vauthors = Hamilton R |title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=978-1-284-05756-0}}</ref> wey e be sold under chaw brand names worldwide.<ref name=drugs.comINT>{{cite web|title=Azithromycin International Brands|url=https://www.drugs.com/international/azithromycin.html|publisher=Drugs.com|access-date=27 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228085651/https://www.drugs.com/international/azithromycin.html|archive-date=28 February 2017}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na e be de 64th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de [[United States]], plus more dan 10{{nbsp}}million prescriptions.<ref name="Top300Drugs">{{cite web | title=Top 300 of 2023 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=12 August 2025 | archive-date=12 August 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812130026/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Azithromycin Drug Usage Statistics">{{cite web | title = Azithromycin Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Azithromycin | access-date = 18 August 2025 }}</ref> == Medical uses == === Bacterial susceptibility === Azithromycin get relatively broad buh shallow antibacterial activity. E dey inhibit sam Gram-positive bacteria, sam Gram-negative bacteria, den chaw atypical bacteria.<ref name="Sybilski-2020">{{cite journal | doi=10.15557/PiMR.2020.0048 | title=Azithromycin – more than an antibiotic | date=2020 | journal=Pediatria I Medycyna Rodzinna | volume=16 | issue=3 | pages=261–267 | vauthors = Sybilski AJ | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid23650453">{{cite journal |vauthors=Opitz DL, Harthan JS |title=Review of Azithromycin Ophthalmic 1% Solution (AzaSite) for the Treatment of Ocular Infections |journal=Ophthalmol Eye Dis |volume=4 |issue= |pages=1–14 |date=2012 |article-number=OED.S7791 |pmid=23650453 |pmc=3619494 |doi=10.4137/OED.S7791}}</ref><ref name="pmid30226949">{{cite journal |vauthors=Amano A, Kishi N, Koyama H, Matsuzaki K, Matsumoto S, Uchino K, Yamaguchi H, Yokomizo A, Mizuno M |title=In vitro activity of sitafloxacin against atypical bacteria (2009-2014) and comparison between susceptibility of clinical isolates in 2009 and 2012 |journal=Jpn J Antibiot |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=131–142 |date=September 2016 |pmid=30226949}}</ref> '''Aerobic den facultative Gram-positive microorganisms''' * ''Staphylococcus aureus'' (Methicillin-sensitive per) * ''Streptococcus agalactiae'' * ''Streptococcus pneumoniae'' * ''Streptococcus pyogenes'' '''Aerobic den facultative anaerobic Gram-negative microorganisms''' * ''Bordetella pertussis'' * ''Haemophilus ducreyi'' * ''Haemophilus influenzae'' * ''Legionella pneumophila'' * ''Moraxella catarrhalis'' * ''Neisseria gonorrhoeae'' '''Anaerobic microorganisms''' * ''Peptostreptococcus'' species * ''Prevotella bivia'' '''Oda microorganisms''' * ''Chlamydia trachomatis'' * ''Chlamydophila pneumoniae'' * ''Mycoplasma genitalium'' * ''Mycoplasma pneumoniae'' * ''Ureaplasma urealyticum'' == Society den culture == === Brand names === {{collapse top|Brand name listings}} Dem dey sell am under chaw brand names worldwide wey dey include 3-Micina, A Sai Qi, Abacten, Abbott, Acex, Acithroc, Actazith, Agitro, Ai Mi Qi, Amixef, Amizin, Amovin, An Mei Qin, Ao Li Ping, Apotex, Lebanon, Aratro, Aruzilina, Arzomicin, Arzomidol, Asizith, Asomin, Astidal, Astro, Athofix, Athxin, Atizor, Atromizin, Avalon, AZ, AZA, Azacid, Azadose, Azalid, Azalide, AzaSite, Azaroth, Azath, Azatril, Azatril, Azax, Azee, Azeecor, Azeeta, Azelide, Azeltin, Azenil, Azeptin, Azerkym, Azi, Aziact, Azibact, Azibactron, Azibay, Azibect, Azibest, Azibiot, Azibiotic, Azicare, Azicin, Azicine, Aziclass, Azicom, Azicure, Azid, Azidose, Azidraw, Azifam, Azifarm, Azifast, Azifine, Aziflax, Azigen, Azigram, Azigreat, Azikare, Azilide, Azilife, Azilip, Azilup, Azimac, Azimax, Azimed, Azimepha, Azimex, Azimit, Azimix, Azimon, Azimore, Azimycin, Azimycine, Azin, Azindamon, Azinew, Azinex, Azinif, Azinil, Azintra, Aziom, Azipar, Aziped, Aziphar, Azipin, Aziplex, Azipro, Aziprome, Aziquilab, Azirace, Aziram, Aziresp, Aziride, Azirol, Azirom, Azirox, Azirute, Azirutec, Aziset, Azisis, Azison, Azissel, Aziswift, Azit, Azita, Azitam, Azitex, Azith, Azithral, Azithrin, Azithro, Azithrobeta, Azithrocin, Azithrocine, Azithromax, Azithromed, Azithromicina, Azithromycin, Azithromycine, Azithromycinum, Azithrovid, Azitic, Azitive, Azitome, Azitrac, Azitral, Azitrax, Azitredil, Azitrex, Azitrim, Azitrin, Azitrix, Azitro, Azitrobac, Azitrocin, Azitroerre, Azitrogal, Azitrolabsa, Azitrolid, Azitrolit, Azitrom, Azitromac, Azitromax, Azitromek, Azitromicin, Azitromicina, Azitromycin, Azitromycine, Azitrona, Azitropharma, Azitroteg, Azitrox, Azitsa, Azitus, Azivar, Azivirus, Aziwill, Aziwok, Azix, Azizox, Azmycin, Azo, Azobat, Azocin, Azoget, Azoheim, Azoksin, Azom, Azomac, Azomax, Azomex, Azomycin, Azomyne, Azores, Azorox, Azostar, Azot, Azoxin, Azras, Azro, Azrocin, Azrolid, Azromax, Azroplax, Azrosin, Aztin, Aztrin, Aztro, Aztrogecin, Azvig, Azycin, Azycyna, Azydrop, Azypin, Azytact, Azytan, Azyter, Azyter, Azyth, Azywell, Azza, Ba Qi, Bactaway, Bactizith, Bactrazol, Bai Ke De Rui, Batif, Bazyt, Bezanin, Bin Qi, Binozyt, BinQi, Biocine, Biozit, Bo Kang, Canbiox, Cetaxim, Charyn, Chen Yu, Cinalid, Cinetrin, Clamelle, Clearsing, Corzi, Cozith, Cronopen, Curazith, Delzosin, Demquin, Dentazit, Disithrom, Doromax, Doyle, Elzithro, Eniz, Epica, Ethrimax, Ezith, Fabodrox, Fabramicina, Feng Da Qi, Figothrom, Floctil, Flumax, Fu Qi-Hua Yuan, Fu Rui Xin, Fuqixing, Fuxin-Hai Xin Pharm, Geozif, Geozit, Gitro, Goldamycin, Gramac, Gramokil, Hemomicin, Hemomycin, I-Thro, Ilozin, Imexa, Inedol, Infectomycin, Iramicina, Itha, Jin Nuo, Jin Pai Qi, Jinbo, Jun Jie, Jun Wei Qing, Kai Qi, Kang Li Jian, Kang Qi, Katrozax, Ke Lin Da, Ke Yan Li, Koptin, Kuai Yu, L-Thro, Laz, Legar, Lg-Thral, Li Ke Si, Li Li Xing, Li Qi, Li Quan Yu, Lin Bi, Lipuqi, Lipuxin, Lizhu Qile, Loromycin, Lu Jia Kang, Luo Bei Er, Luo Qi, Maazi, Macroazi, Macromax, Macrozit, Maczith, Makromicin, Maxmor, Mazit, Mazitrom, Medimacrol, Meithromax, Mezatrin, Ming Qi Xin, Misultina, Mycinplus, Na Qi, Nadymax, Naxocina, Neblic, Nemezid, Neofarmiz, Nifostin, Nobaxin, Nokar, Novatrex, Novozithron, Novozitron, Nurox, Odaz, Odazyth, Onzet, Oranex, Oranex, Ordipha, Orobiotic, Pai Fen, Pai Fu, Paiqi, Pediazith, Pi Nis, Portex, Pu He, Pu Le Qi, Pu Yang, Qi Gu Mei, Qi Mai Xing, Qi Nuo, Qi Tai, Qi Xian, Qili, Qiyue, Rarpezit, Razimax, Razithro, Rezan, Ribotrex, Ribozith, Ricilina, Rizcin, Romax, Romycin, Rothin (Rakaposhi), Rozalid, Rozith, Ru Shuang Qi, Rui Qi, Rui Qi Lin, Rulide, Sai Jin Sha, Sai Le Xin, Sai Qi, Santroma, Selimax, Sheng Nuo Ling, Shu Luo Kang, Simpli-3, Sisocin, Sitrox, Sohomac, Stromac, Su Shuang, Sumamed, Sumamox, Tailite, Talcilina, Tanezox, Te Li Xin, Tetris, Texis, Thoraxx, Throin, Thromaxin, Tong Tai Qi Li, Topt, Toraseptol, Tremac, Trex, Tri Azit, Triamid, Tridosil, Trimelin, Tritab, Tromiatlas, Tromix, Trozamil, Trozin, Trozocina, Trulimax, Tuoqi, Udox, Ultreon, Ultreon, Vectocilina, Vinzam, Visag, Vizicin, Wei Li Qinga, Wei Lu De, Wei Zong, Weihong, Xerexomair, Xi Le Xin, Xi Mei, Xin Da Kang, Xin Pu Rui, Xithrone, Ya Rui, Yan Sha, Yanic, Yi Nuo Da, Yi Song, Yi Xina, Yin Pei Kang, Yong Qi, You Ni Ke, Yu Qi, Z-3, Z-PAK, Zady, Zaiqi, Zaret, Zarom, Zathrin, Zedbac, Zeelide, Zeemide, Zenith, Zentavion, Zetamac, Zetamax, Zeto, Zetron, Zevlen, Zibramax, Zicho, Zigilex, Zikrax, Zikti, Zimacrol, Zimax, Zimicina, Zimicine, Zindel, Zinfect, Zirom, Zisrocin, Zistic, Zit-Od, Zitab, Zitax, Zithrax, Zithrin, Zithro-Due, Zithrobest, Zithrodose, Zithrogen, Zithrokan, Zithrolide, Zithromax, Zithrome, Zithromed, Zithroplus, Zithrotel, Zithrox, Zithroxyn, Zithtec, Zitinn, Zitmac, Zitraval, Zitrax, Zitrex, Zitric, Zitrim, Zitrobid, Zitrobiotic, Zithrolect, Zitrocin, Zitrogram, Zitrolab, Zitromax, Zitroneo, Zitrotek, Ziyoazi, Zmax, Zocin, Zomax, Zotax, Zycin, den Zythrocin. Dem dey sell am as a combination drug plus cefixime as Anex-AZ, Azifine-C, Aziter-C, Brutacef-AZ, Cezee, Fixicom-AZ, Emtax-AZ, Olcefone-AZ, Starfix-AZ, Zeph-AZ, Zicin-CX, den Zifi-AZ. Dem sanso dey sell am as a combination drug plus nimesulide as Zitroflam; in a combination plus tinidazole den fluconazole as Trivafluc, den in a combination plus ambroxol as Zathrin-AX, Laz-AX den Azro-AM. {{collapse bottom}} == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 49nasx1in6l1jqd675yse3l58jnq2sf 97207 97206 2026-04-19T23:53:58Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Azithromycin''', dem sell under de brand names '''Zithromax''' (insyd oral form) den '''Azasite''' (as an eye drop), be an antibiotic medication dem use to treat several bacterial infections.<ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web|title=Azithromycin|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/azithromycin.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=1 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905161757/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/azithromycin.html|archive-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> Dese dey include middle ear infections, strep throat, [[pneumonia]], traveler's diarrhea, [[sexually transmitted infection]], den certain oda intestinal infections.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Along plus oda medications, e sanso fi be used for [[malaria]].<ref name=AHFS2015/> E be administered by mouth, into a vein, anaa as topical treatment give de eye.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Common side effects dey include nausea, vomiting, [[diarrhea]] den upset stomach.<ref name=AHFS2015/> An allergic reaction, such as anaphylaxis, anaa a type of diarrhea wey ''Clostridioides difficile'' cause be possible.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Azithromycin dey cause QT prolongation wey fi cause life-threatening arrhythmias such as torsades de pointes.<ref name="pmid27928188">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dunker A, Kolanczyk DM, Maendel CM, Patel AR, Pettit NN |title=Impact of the FDA Warning for Azithromycin and Risk for QT Prolongation on Utilization at an Academic Medical Center |journal=Hosp Pharm |volume=51 |issue=10 |pages=830–833 |date=November 2016 |pmid=27928188 |pmc=5135431 |doi=10.1310/hpj5110-830 }}</ref> While sam studies dey claim say dem find no harm plus ein use during [[pregnancy]],<ref name=AHFS2015/> more recent studies plus mice during late pregnancy show adverse effects on embryonic testicular den neural development of prenatal azithromycin exposure (PAzE). However, der need to be more well-controlled studies insyd pregnant women.<ref name="Zithromax FDA label">{{cite web | title=Zithromax- azithromycin dihydrate tablet, film coated; Zithromax- azithromycin dihydrate powder, for suspension | website=DailyMed | date=29 September 2023 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b749df83-49b0-433e-8a62-589a048dd716 | access-date=26 April 2024}}</ref> Ein safety during [[breastfeeding]] no be confirmed, buh e be likely safe.<ref name=Breast2015>{{cite web|title=Azithromycin use while Breastfeeding|url=https://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/azithromycin.html|access-date=4 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905170054/http://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/azithromycin.html|archive-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> Azithromycin be an azalide, a type of macrolide antibiotic.<ref name=AHFS2015/> E dey work by decreasing de production of protein, thereby stopping bacterial growth.<ref name=AHFS2015/><ref>{{cite web |title=Azithromycin Stops The Growth of Bacteria |url=https://deutschemedz.de/azithromycin/ |access-date=24 December 2017 |language=de |archive-date=12 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512060429/https://deutschemedz.de/azithromycin |url-status=live }}</ref> Dem discover azithromycin insyd Croatia insyd 1980 by de pharmaceutical company Pliva wey dem approve am for medical use insyd 1988.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Greenwood D |title=Antimicrobial drugs: chronicle of a twentieth century medical triumph|date=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-953484-5|page=239|edition= 1st |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4_FZHmzjzwC&pg=PA239|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305044428/https://books.google.com/books?id=i4_FZHmzjzwC&pg=PA239|archive-date=5 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=Fis2006>{{cite book |vauthors=Alapi EM, Fischer J |veditors=Fischer J, Ganellin CR |title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery |date=2006 |publisher=Wiley-Vch Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA |location=Weinheim |isbn=978-3-527-31257-3 |page=498 |chapter=Table of Selected Analogue Classes |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA498 |access-date=2 April 2020 |archive-date=14 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114140343/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA498 |url-status=live }}</ref> E dey on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.<ref name="WHO23rd">{{cite book | title = The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023) | year = 2023 | hdl = 10665/371090 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> De World Health Organization dey list am as an example under "Macrolides and ketolides" insyd ein ''Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine'' (dem design to help manage antimicrobial resistance).<ref>{{cite book | year=2018 | title=Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine | edition=6th revision | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | hdl=10665/312266 | id=License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO | isbn=978-92-4-151552-8 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> E be available as a generic medication<ref name=Ric2015>{{cite book| vauthors = Hamilton R |title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=978-1-284-05756-0}}</ref> wey e be sold under chaw brand names worldwide.<ref name=drugs.comINT>{{cite web|title=Azithromycin International Brands|url=https://www.drugs.com/international/azithromycin.html|publisher=Drugs.com|access-date=27 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228085651/https://www.drugs.com/international/azithromycin.html|archive-date=28 February 2017}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na e be de 64th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de [[United States]], plus more dan 10{{nbsp}}million prescriptions.<ref name="Top300Drugs">{{cite web | title=Top 300 of 2023 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=12 August 2025 | archive-date=12 August 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812130026/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Azithromycin Drug Usage Statistics">{{cite web | title = Azithromycin Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Azithromycin | access-date = 18 August 2025 }}</ref> == Medical uses == === Bacterial susceptibility === Azithromycin get relatively broad buh shallow antibacterial activity. E dey inhibit sam Gram-positive bacteria, sam Gram-negative bacteria, den chaw atypical bacteria.<ref name="Sybilski-2020">{{cite journal | doi=10.15557/PiMR.2020.0048 | title=Azithromycin – more than an antibiotic | date=2020 | journal=Pediatria I Medycyna Rodzinna | volume=16 | issue=3 | pages=261–267 | vauthors = Sybilski AJ | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid23650453">{{cite journal |vauthors=Opitz DL, Harthan JS |title=Review of Azithromycin Ophthalmic 1% Solution (AzaSite) for the Treatment of Ocular Infections |journal=Ophthalmol Eye Dis |volume=4 |issue= |pages=1–14 |date=2012 |article-number=OED.S7791 |pmid=23650453 |pmc=3619494 |doi=10.4137/OED.S7791}}</ref><ref name="pmid30226949">{{cite journal |vauthors=Amano A, Kishi N, Koyama H, Matsuzaki K, Matsumoto S, Uchino K, Yamaguchi H, Yokomizo A, Mizuno M |title=In vitro activity of sitafloxacin against atypical bacteria (2009-2014) and comparison between susceptibility of clinical isolates in 2009 and 2012 |journal=Jpn J Antibiot |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=131–142 |date=September 2016 |pmid=30226949}}</ref> '''Aerobic den facultative Gram-positive microorganisms''' * ''Staphylococcus aureus'' (Methicillin-sensitive per) * ''Streptococcus agalactiae'' * ''Streptococcus pneumoniae'' * ''Streptococcus pyogenes'' '''Aerobic den facultative anaerobic Gram-negative microorganisms''' * ''Bordetella pertussis'' * ''Haemophilus ducreyi'' * ''Haemophilus influenzae'' * ''Legionella pneumophila'' * ''Moraxella catarrhalis'' * ''Neisseria gonorrhoeae'' '''Anaerobic microorganisms''' * ''Peptostreptococcus'' species * ''Prevotella bivia'' '''Oda microorganisms''' * ''Chlamydia trachomatis'' * ''Chlamydophila pneumoniae'' * ''Mycoplasma genitalium'' * ''Mycoplasma pneumoniae'' * ''Ureaplasma urealyticum'' == Society den culture == === Brand names === {{collapse top|Brand name listings}} Dem dey sell am under chaw brand names worldwide wey dey include 3-Micina, A Sai Qi, Abacten, Abbott, Acex, Acithroc, Actazith, Agitro, Ai Mi Qi, Amixef, Amizin, Amovin, An Mei Qin, Ao Li Ping, Apotex, Lebanon, Aratro, Aruzilina, Arzomicin, Arzomidol, Asizith, Asomin, Astidal, Astro, Athofix, Athxin, Atizor, Atromizin, Avalon, AZ, AZA, Azacid, Azadose, Azalid, Azalide, AzaSite, Azaroth, Azath, Azatril, Azatril, Azax, Azee, Azeecor, Azeeta, Azelide, Azeltin, Azenil, Azeptin, Azerkym, Azi, Aziact, Azibact, Azibactron, Azibay, Azibect, Azibest, Azibiot, Azibiotic, Azicare, Azicin, Azicine, Aziclass, Azicom, Azicure, Azid, Azidose, Azidraw, Azifam, Azifarm, Azifast, Azifine, Aziflax, Azigen, Azigram, Azigreat, Azikare, Azilide, Azilife, Azilip, Azilup, Azimac, Azimax, Azimed, Azimepha, Azimex, Azimit, Azimix, Azimon, Azimore, Azimycin, Azimycine, Azin, Azindamon, Azinew, Azinex, Azinif, Azinil, Azintra, Aziom, Azipar, Aziped, Aziphar, Azipin, Aziplex, Azipro, Aziprome, Aziquilab, Azirace, Aziram, Aziresp, Aziride, Azirol, Azirom, Azirox, Azirute, Azirutec, Aziset, Azisis, Azison, Azissel, Aziswift, Azit, Azita, Azitam, Azitex, Azith, Azithral, Azithrin, Azithro, Azithrobeta, Azithrocin, Azithrocine, Azithromax, Azithromed, Azithromicina, Azithromycin, Azithromycine, Azithromycinum, Azithrovid, Azitic, Azitive, Azitome, Azitrac, Azitral, Azitrax, Azitredil, Azitrex, Azitrim, Azitrin, Azitrix, Azitro, Azitrobac, Azitrocin, Azitroerre, Azitrogal, Azitrolabsa, Azitrolid, Azitrolit, Azitrom, Azitromac, Azitromax, Azitromek, Azitromicin, Azitromicina, Azitromycin, Azitromycine, Azitrona, Azitropharma, Azitroteg, Azitrox, Azitsa, Azitus, Azivar, Azivirus, Aziwill, Aziwok, Azix, Azizox, Azmycin, Azo, Azobat, Azocin, Azoget, Azoheim, Azoksin, Azom, Azomac, Azomax, Azomex, Azomycin, Azomyne, Azores, Azorox, Azostar, Azot, Azoxin, Azras, Azro, Azrocin, Azrolid, Azromax, Azroplax, Azrosin, Aztin, Aztrin, Aztro, Aztrogecin, Azvig, Azycin, Azycyna, Azydrop, Azypin, Azytact, Azytan, Azyter, Azyter, Azyth, Azywell, Azza, Ba Qi, Bactaway, Bactizith, Bactrazol, Bai Ke De Rui, Batif, Bazyt, Bezanin, Bin Qi, Binozyt, BinQi, Biocine, Biozit, Bo Kang, Canbiox, Cetaxim, Charyn, Chen Yu, Cinalid, Cinetrin, Clamelle, Clearsing, Corzi, Cozith, Cronopen, Curazith, Delzosin, Demquin, Dentazit, Disithrom, Doromax, Doyle, Elzithro, Eniz, Epica, Ethrimax, Ezith, Fabodrox, Fabramicina, Feng Da Qi, Figothrom, Floctil, Flumax, Fu Qi-Hua Yuan, Fu Rui Xin, Fuqixing, Fuxin-Hai Xin Pharm, Geozif, Geozit, Gitro, Goldamycin, Gramac, Gramokil, Hemomicin, Hemomycin, I-Thro, Ilozin, Imexa, Inedol, Infectomycin, Iramicina, Itha, Jin Nuo, Jin Pai Qi, Jinbo, Jun Jie, Jun Wei Qing, Kai Qi, Kang Li Jian, Kang Qi, Katrozax, Ke Lin Da, Ke Yan Li, Koptin, Kuai Yu, L-Thro, Laz, Legar, Lg-Thral, Li Ke Si, Li Li Xing, Li Qi, Li Quan Yu, Lin Bi, Lipuqi, Lipuxin, Lizhu Qile, Loromycin, Lu Jia Kang, Luo Bei Er, Luo Qi, Maazi, Macroazi, Macromax, Macrozit, Maczith, Makromicin, Maxmor, Mazit, Mazitrom, Medimacrol, Meithromax, Mezatrin, Ming Qi Xin, Misultina, Mycinplus, Na Qi, Nadymax, Naxocina, Neblic, Nemezid, Neofarmiz, Nifostin, Nobaxin, Nokar, Novatrex, Novozithron, Novozitron, Nurox, Odaz, Odazyth, Onzet, Oranex, Oranex, Ordipha, Orobiotic, Pai Fen, Pai Fu, Paiqi, Pediazith, Pi Nis, Portex, Pu He, Pu Le Qi, Pu Yang, Qi Gu Mei, Qi Mai Xing, Qi Nuo, Qi Tai, Qi Xian, Qili, Qiyue, Rarpezit, Razimax, Razithro, Rezan, Ribotrex, Ribozith, Ricilina, Rizcin, Romax, Romycin, Rothin (Rakaposhi), Rozalid, Rozith, Ru Shuang Qi, Rui Qi, Rui Qi Lin, Rulide, Sai Jin Sha, Sai Le Xin, Sai Qi, Santroma, Selimax, Sheng Nuo Ling, Shu Luo Kang, Simpli-3, Sisocin, Sitrox, Sohomac, Stromac, Su Shuang, Sumamed, Sumamox, Tailite, Talcilina, Tanezox, Te Li Xin, Tetris, Texis, Thoraxx, Throin, Thromaxin, Tong Tai Qi Li, Topt, Toraseptol, Tremac, Trex, Tri Azit, Triamid, Tridosil, Trimelin, Tritab, Tromiatlas, Tromix, Trozamil, Trozin, Trozocina, Trulimax, Tuoqi, Udox, Ultreon, Ultreon, Vectocilina, Vinzam, Visag, Vizicin, Wei Li Qinga, Wei Lu De, Wei Zong, Weihong, Xerexomair, Xi Le Xin, Xi Mei, Xin Da Kang, Xin Pu Rui, Xithrone, Ya Rui, Yan Sha, Yanic, Yi Nuo Da, Yi Song, Yi Xina, Yin Pei Kang, Yong Qi, You Ni Ke, Yu Qi, Z-3, Z-PAK, Zady, Zaiqi, Zaret, Zarom, Zathrin, Zedbac, Zeelide, Zeemide, Zenith, Zentavion, Zetamac, Zetamax, Zeto, Zetron, Zevlen, Zibramax, Zicho, Zigilex, Zikrax, Zikti, Zimacrol, Zimax, Zimicina, Zimicine, Zindel, Zinfect, Zirom, Zisrocin, Zistic, Zit-Od, Zitab, Zitax, Zithrax, Zithrin, Zithro-Due, Zithrobest, Zithrodose, Zithrogen, Zithrokan, Zithrolide, Zithromax, Zithrome, Zithromed, Zithroplus, Zithrotel, Zithrox, Zithroxyn, Zithtec, Zitinn, Zitmac, Zitraval, Zitrax, Zitrex, Zitric, Zitrim, Zitrobid, Zitrobiotic, Zithrolect, Zitrocin, Zitrogram, Zitrolab, Zitromax, Zitroneo, Zitrotek, Ziyoazi, Zmax, Zocin, Zomax, Zotax, Zycin, den Zythrocin. Dem dey sell am as a combination drug plus cefixime as Anex-AZ, Azifine-C, Aziter-C, Brutacef-AZ, Cezee, Fixicom-AZ, Emtax-AZ, Olcefone-AZ, Starfix-AZ, Zeph-AZ, Zicin-CX, den Zifi-AZ. Dem sanso dey sell am as a combination drug plus nimesulide as Zitroflam; in a combination plus tinidazole den fluconazole as Trivafluc, den in a combination plus ambroxol as Zathrin-AX, Laz-AX den Azro-AM. {{collapse bottom}} == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} [[Category:Antimalarial agents]] [[Category:Croatian inventions]] [[Category:Dimethylamino compounds]] [[Category:Macrolide antibiotics]] [[Category:Drugs wey Pfizer develop]] [[Category:World Health Organization essential medicines]] [[Category:Fifteen-membered rings]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] hsdvzlitrncv2yqkffvmrc617ijep5h 0 26571 97208 2026-04-19T23:57:38Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1457246|Sciatica]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 97208 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u 0 26572 97209 2026-04-19T23:58:40Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1458213|Hydrocephalus]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 97209 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u 0 26573 97210 2026-04-19T23:59:11Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1464689|Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 97210 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u