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Thank you for contributing your time and skills to this important work. -- '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' Team |} [[User:CeylonChingu|CeylonChingu]] ([[User talk:CeylonChingu|talk]]) 09:43, 1 May 2026 (GMT) h48o4opmt8mvi97ukjy53ziymgaqx7a 2023 Nigerien coup d'état 0 2463 97461 26746 2026-05-01T06:05:32Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 97461 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q117100709}} Coup take place for Niger insyd for July 26, 2023, as de Presidential Guard wey dey Niger detain Presido Mohamed Bazoum wey de commander of de Presidential Guard, General Abd al-Rahman Chiani, declare ein body de leader for de fresh military council.<ref>[https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/afrique/niger/niger-ce-que-l-on-sait-de-la-tentative-de-coup-d-etat-en-cours-contre-le-president-mohamed-bazoum_5973206.html "Niger : ce que l'on sait de la tentative de coup d'Etat en cours contre le président Mohamed Bazoum"] &#x5B;Niger: what we know about the ongoing coup attempt against President Mohamed Bazoum&#x5D;. ''Franceinfo'' (in French). 26 July 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230726202029/https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/afrique/niger/niger-ce-que-l-on-sait-de-la-tentative-de-coup-d-etat-en-cours-contre-le-president-mohamed-bazoum_5973206.html Archived] from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66320895 "Niger soldiers declare coup on national TV"]. ''BBC''. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/26/soldiers-holding-niger-president-inside-palace-security-sources "Niger's president 'held by guards' in apparent coup attempt"]. ''Al Jazeera''. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.</ref><ref name=":6">[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/28/niger-general-tchiani-named-head-of-transitional-government-after-coup "Niger general Tchiani named head of transitional government after coup"]. ''Al Jazeera''. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.</ref> De Presidential Guard forces close de country ein borders, suspend state institutions, den declare curfew. De Presidential Guard sanso close de ministries dema entrances. Dis be de fifth military coup since de country gain ein independence for 1960 insyd, den de first since 2010.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/27/timeline-a-history-of-coups-in-niger "Timeline: A history of coups in Niger"]. ''Al Jazeera''. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.</ref> De United States den France condemn de coup, den by de West African regional bloc ECOWAS, wey e threaten military intervention against de junta, wey lead go de 2023 Nigerien crisis.<ref>Luke, Daramola (4 August 2023). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230805021046/https://theinformant247.com/is-ecowas-set-to-take-on-niger-militarily/ "Is ECOWAS set to take on Niger militarily?"]. ''The Informant247''. Retrieved 9 August 2023.</ref> ==Background== Since independence from France insyd 1960, Niger witness four military coups, de most recent one wey be 2010 insyd as well as chaw oda failed attempts, de latest one na ebe for 2021 insyd wen military defectors attempt make dem seize de presidential palace two days before de inauguration of Presido Bazoum dem elect, wey na he be de country ein first presido. He takes ova from ein democratically predecessor dem elect. Dis coup attempt follow similar events for neighboring countries insyd such as Guinea, Mali, den Burkina Faso since 2020, wey lead make dem dey bell de region de “coup belt.”<ref name=":0">[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/26/soldiers-holding-niger-president-inside-palace-security-sources "Niger's Bazoum 'held by guards' in apparent coup attempt"]. ''Al Jazeera''. 26 July 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230727002123/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/26/soldiers-holding-niger-president-inside-palace-security-sources Archived] from the original on 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.</ref> Analysts claim say de rising cost of living den perceptions of government inefficiency den corruption wey fi drive de rebellion. De Nigerien army receive training den logistical support from de United States den France, wey get bases for der, den for 2022 insyd de country cam turn de center of France ein anti-jihadist operations for de Sahel insyd, after dem expel dem from Mali den Burkina Faso, wey dem describe Bazoum as one of de few pro-Western leaders wey remain for de region insyd. Plus multiple coups den anti-French sentiment wey dey rise for de region insyd, Niger cam turn France ein partner of last resort, den US-trained officers dem train chaw members of de presidential guard reportedly.<ref>Turse, Nick (26 July 2023). [https://production.public.theintercept.cloud/2023/07/26/niger-coup-us-military/ "Soldiers Mutiny in U.S.-Allied Niger"]. ''The Intercept''.</ref> ==Events== ===July 26th=== ==== Presido Bazoum ein arrest ==== Early for 26 July, de Presidency Twitter account announce say de Presidential Guard, wey General Abdul Rahman Chiani<ref>Aksar, Moussa; Balima, Boureima (27 July 2023). [https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/soldiers-nigers-presidential-guard-blockade-presidents-office-security-sources-2023-07-26/ "Niger soldiers say President Bazoum's government has been removed"]. ''Reuters''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230726164404/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/soldiers-nigers-presidential-guard-blockade-presidents-office-security-sources-2023-07-26/ Archived] from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</ref> dey lead take part for "anti-republican demonstration" den dem try "in vain" make dem gain de support of oda security forces.<ref name=":0" /> E add say dem dey zuk Presido Mohamed Bazoum den ein family for de presidential palace insyd wey dey de capital, Niamey. Dem sanso arrest Interior Minister Hamadou Soli wey dem detain am for de palace insyd, while dem see approximately two dozen members of de presidential guard for outsyd later for de day.<ref name=":2">Dean, Sarah; Kennedy, Niamh; Madowo, Larry (26 July 2023). [https://edition.cnn.com/2023/07/26/africa/niger-presidency-attempted-coup-intl/index.html "Niger soldiers claim President Mohamed Bazoum has been ousted, deepening coup fears"]. ''CNN''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230726233540/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/07/26/africa/niger-presidency-attempted-coup-intl/index.html Archived] from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.</ref> Reportedly Chiane wey lead de coup, wey analysts say Bazoum intend say he go komot am from office.<ref name=":4">Mednick, Sam (27 July 2023). [https://apnews.com/article/niger-mutinous-soldiers-attempted-coup-2efab1649bea7d89b14dbc9432f5f819 "Niger's president vows democracy will prevail after mutinous soldiers detain him and declare a coup"]. ''AP News''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230727142327/https://apnews.com/article/niger-mutinous-soldiers-attempted-coup-2efab1649bea7d89b14dbc9432f5f819 Archived] from the original on 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.</ref> Sources close to Bazoum say he take de decision for Chiani ein dismissal for cabinet meeting for 24 July as relations between dem na dem report say e sour.<ref>[https://gulfnews.com/world/africa/niger-army-general-declares-himself-countrys-new-leader-1.1690598862297 "Niger army general declares himself country's new leader"]. ''Gulf News''. 29 July 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.</ref> Dem arrest Presido Bazoum ein wifey, den ein son, Salem plus am for de presidential palace insyd,<ref name=":1">Olivier, Mathieu (27 July 2023). [https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1467524/politique/au-niger-larmee-affirme-avoir-renverse-mohamed-bazoum/ "Au Niger, l'armée affirme avoir renversé Mohamed Bazoum"] &#x5B;In Niger, the army claims to have overthrown Mohamed Bazoum&#x5D;. ''Jeune Afrique''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230727180229/https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1467524/politique/au-niger-larmee-affirme-avoir-renverse-mohamed-bazoum/ Archived] from the original on 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.</ref> while ein daughters dey Paris for de coup ein tym.<ref name=":1" /> ====Military mobilization==== For de morninti hours insyd, military vehicles close de presidential palace den neighboring ministries, wey dem deny palace crews entry. About 400 civilians, supporters of Bazoum, try make dem approach de palace, but de Presidential Guard disperse dem plus gunfire, dem wound one of dem. Elsewhere for Niamey insyd, dem describe de situation as stable, den de presidency report say protests for support of Bazoum take place around de country ein diplomatic missions abroad. For response for dis events insyd, de armed forces surround de presidential compound in support of Bazoum. De army sanso issue statement claim say e secure "key strategic points" for de country insyd, wey de presidency state say de army den de National Guard make ready make dem attack de presidential guard. De BBC report say forces loyal to de presido surround state broadcaster ORTN, while de US embassy warn against traveling along Niamey ein Boulevard de la Republique, wer dem locate de presidential palace.<ref name=":2" /> ====Declare de overthrow of Bazoum==== Howeva, for de eveninti insyd, Air Force Colonel Amadou Abderrahmane report for de state television channel Tele Sahel top say dem komot Presido Bazoum from power wey dem announce de formation of de National Council for de Protection of de Country. He tap wey nine oda uniformed officers surround am wey dey represent de various branches of de security forces, he claim say, De defense den security forces decide make dem ovathrow de regime “due to de deterioration of de security situation den mismanagement.” E sanso announce de suspension of de country ein constitution, de suspension of de work of state institutions, de closure of de country ein borders, den de imposition of nationwide curfew from 22:00 til 05:00 local time til further notice. , while dey warn am against any foreign interference.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/26/soldiers-in-niger-claim-to-overthrow-mohamed-barzoums-government "Soldiers in Niger claim to have overthrown President Mohamed Bazoum"]. ''Al-Jazeera''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230726235637/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/26/soldiers-in-niger-claim-to-overthrow-mohamed-barzoums-government Archived] from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.</ref><ref name=":3">Peter, Laurence (27 July 2023). [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66320895 "Niger soldiers announce coup on national TV"]. ''BBC''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230727000929/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66320895 Archived] from the original on 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.</ref> ===July 27th=== ====Chief Bazoum reply==== For de morning of July 27, Bazoum tweet say Nigerians wey dey luv democracy go be keen make dem "protect dema hard-won gains," wey dey indicate ein refusal make he step down from office.<ref name=":3" /> Ein foreign minister, Hasumi Massoudou, tell France 24 say de "legal den legitimate authority" for de country still dey for de presido ein hands insyd, wey he confirm say Bazoum dey for gud condition insyd den dat de entire army no be involved.<ref>[https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230726-presidency-sealed-off-in-coup-prone-niger "Detained Niger president defiant after coup bid"]. ''France 24''. 27 July 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230726172357/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230726-presidency-sealed-off-in-coup-prone-niger Archived] from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.</ref> Masood sanso declare ein body de acting head of state wey he call on all democrats make dem "thwart dis adventure."<ref name=":3" /> Although dem detain Presido Bazoum, he no officially resign wey na he fi contact world leaders den officials such as French Presido Emmanuel Macron,<ref>[https://www.voanews.com/a/macron-says-niger-s-bazoum-reachable-in-good-health-/7201644.html "Soldiers Declare Niger General New Leader After Attempted Coup"]. ''VOA''. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.</ref> United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres,<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/27/niger-situation-remains-fluid-as-army-backs-coup-plotters "Niger situation remains 'fluid' as army backs coup plotters"]. ''Aljazeera''. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.</ref> African Union Commissioner Moussa Faki<ref>Brennan, Eve; Mawad, Dalal; Briscoe, Oliver; Goillandeau, Martin (28 July 2023). [https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/28/africa/niger-coup-general-state-tv-appearance-intl/ "Niger general appears on state TV as new leader following coup"]. ''CNN''. Retrieved 11 August 2023.</ref> den US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/blinken-calls-immediate-release-ousted-niger-president-2023-07-29/ "Blinken calls for immediate release of ousted Niger president"]. ''Reuters''. 29 July 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.</ref> ====Military ein recognition of de junta==== For 27 July, de Nigerien Armed Forces Command issue statement Army Chief General Abdou Siddiqui Issa sign wey dey declare support for de coup, dey state de need make dem "preserve de physical integrity" of de presido den ein family den avoid "a fatal confrontation wey go fi lead to bloodbath den affect de security of de population."<ref>[https://france24.com/en/africa/20230727-niger-s-army-command-declares-support-for-military-coup "Niger's army command declares support for military coup"]. ''France 24''. 27 July 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230727142320/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230727-niger-s-army-command-declares-support-for-military-coup Archived] from the original on 27 July 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.</ref> For televised statement insyd shortly after, Abdul Rahman announce de suspension of all political parties dema activities for de country insyd til further notice.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/27/nigerien-army-pledges-allegiance-to-coup-plotters "Niger army pledges allegiance to coup makers"]. ''Al Jazeera''. 28 July 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230727142352/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/27/nigerien-army-pledges-allegiance-to-coup-plotters Archived] from the original on 27 July 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.</ref> He sanso announce say de junta issue reprimand go France secof dem violate de airspace closure after military plane land for air base top. Télé Sahel broadcast de advertisement continuously thru out de day.<ref name=":5">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66324875 "Niger coup: Captive President Bazoum defiant after takeover"]. ''BBC''. 27 July 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230727142355/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66324875 Archived] from the original on 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.</ref> ==== Disturbances for Niamey insyd ==== Pro-coup demonstration take place for 27 July wey approximately 1,000 junta supporters take part,<ref name=":7">[https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230728-niger-s-general-abdourahamane-tchiani-declared-new-leader-following-coup-state-tv "Niger's General Abdourahamane Tchiani declares himself leader after coup"]. ''France 24''. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.</ref> dey raise Russian flags, dey express support give de Wagner Group, wey dem dey throw stones for politicians dema ref wey dey pass.<ref name=":4" /> De demonstrators sanso denounce de French presence den de presence of oda foreign bases. Oda demonstrators gather outsyd de Bazoum-Taraya party headquarters, plus footage wey dey show dem dey throw den dey set vehicles for fire.<ref name=":5" /> Then dem ransack den burn de building, wey force make de police disperse dem plus tear gas.<ref>Balima, Boureima; Aksar, Moussa (27 July 2023). [https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/niger-president-says-democracy-will-be-saved-following-coup-2023-07-27/ "Niger coup supporters set fire to ruling party HQ, police fire teargas"]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved 27 July 2023.</ref> Demonstrations sanso take place for de front of de National Assembly.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/27/niger-situation-remains-fluid-as-army-backs-coup-plotters "Niger situation remains 'fluid' as army backs coup plotters"]. ''Al Jazeera''. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.</ref> Dis prompt de Interior Ministry for de gb3k3 insyd make dem ban all demonstrations immediately.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230728223016/https://www.thesundaily.my/world/niger-bans-protests-after-post-coup-chaos-PL11293826 "Niger bans protests after post-coup chaos"]. ''The Sun Daily''. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.</ref> Dem sanso ask make civil servants stay for home.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66337767 "Niger coup: EU suspends security cooperation and budgetary aid"]. ''BBC''. 29 July 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.</ref> ===July 28th=== Major General Abd al-Rahman Chiani declare ein body head of de National Council for de Protection of de Homeland for speech for Tele Sahel top. He talk say de coup cam make e avoid de "gradual den inevitable demise" of de country, den talk say Bazoum try make he hide de "harsh reality" of de country, wey he call "heap of dead, displaced persons, humiliation den frustration." He sanso criticize de government ein security strategy for ein alleged ineffectiveness den lack of cooperation plus [[Mali]] den [[Burkina Faso]], but he give no timetable for return to civilian rule. Colonel Abd al-Rahman later confirm ein position as concurrent de facto head of state, he accuse Bazoum government officials dem dey plot against de fresh regime while dem dey take refuge for foreign embassies insyd wey he warn of bloodshed if dem persist.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66337767 "Niger coup: Abdourahmane Tchiani declares himself leader"]. ''BBC''. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.</ref> ===July 29th=== ====Allegations of planned military intervention for Niger insyd==== For statement insyd wey Colonel Major Amadou Abderrahmane read out for national public television top, de Nigerian kunta accuse de Economic Community of West African States of dem dey plan make dem agree to "plan of aggression against Niger thru imminent military intervention for Niamey insyd plus de support of sam Western countries" wey he warn against de "strong junta". Resolve “to defend de homeland. Dem confirm dat dis be de aim of de ECOWAS summit dem hold de day we dey follow.<ref>https://www.midilibre.fr/2023/08/06/coup-detat-au-niger-57-000-soldats-chez-les-putschistes-la-france-refuse-dintervenir-quelles-sont-les-forces-en-presence-11382215.php</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:Niger]] [[Category:2023 insyd Niger]] [[Category:2020s coups d'état den coup attempts]] [[Category:Conflicts insyd 2023]] [[Category:July 2023 events insyd Africa]] [[Category:Military coups insyd Niger]] [[Category:21st-century coups d'état den coup attempts]] mqbrh1j4qiqveequmalykxxpunz712x 2015 IPC Athletics World Championships 0 7983 97460 38358 2026-05-01T06:00:04Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 97460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Na de '''2015 IPC Athletics World Championships''' be Paralympic track and field meet organize by de World Para Athletics subcommittee of de International Paralympic Committee. Na de event be de 7th edition of wat now dem know am as de [[World Para Athletics Championships]], dem hold from 21 to 31 October 2015 for de Suheim Bin Hamad Stadium insyd Doha, Qatar. E feature 119 men's events den 91 women's events.<ref name=":0">[http://www.paralympic.org/news/ipc-athletics-publishes-doha-2015-qualification-criteria "IPC Athletics publishes Doha 2015 Qualification Criteria"]. ''paralympic.org''. 14 November 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2015.</ref> De Marathon events wich be traditionally part of de world championships na dem separate am from de competition wey dem instead hold am for 26 April as part of de London Marathon. == Venues == Insyd January 2013 de IPC announce say Doha go hold de 2015 athletics world championships.<ref>[http://www.paralympic.org/news/doha-stage-2015-ipc-athletics-world-championships "Doha to stage 2015 IPC Athletics World Championships"]. ''paralympic.org''. 15 January 2013. Retrieved 13 September 2015.</ref> Insyd March 2014 de Suhaim Bin Hamad Stadium, 15,000-seat venue plus eight-lane track, na dem confirm am as de host of de event wich go take place between 19 den 28 November.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/mar/25/paralympic-world-championships-2015-ipc-doha "Doha leaves IPC 'spoilt for choice' for 2015 World Championships"]. ''The Guardian''. 25 March 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2015.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230701120450/https://athleticsweekly.com/event-news/dohas-suhaim-bin-hamad-stadium-stage-2015-ipc-world-champs-1770/ "Doha's Suhaim Bin Hamad Stadium to stage 2015 IPC World Champs"]. ''athleticsweekly.com''. 25 March 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2015.</ref> However na dem move de championships forward by month to 22 October make e avoid construction work around de city.<ref>[http://www.paralympic.org/news/date-change-2015-ipc-athletics-world-championships "Date change for 2015 IPC Athletics World Championships"]. ''paralympic.org''. 19 September 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2015.</ref> Insyd October 2014 na dem decide say dem go hold de Marathon events separately. Na dem stage de marathon for 26 April for de 2015 London Marathon.<ref>[http://www.paralympic.org/news/london-stage-2015-ipc-athletics-marathon-world-championships "London to stage 2015 IPC Athletics Marathon World Championships"]. ''paralympic.org''. 23 October 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2015.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/disability-sport/29741461 "London to host 2015 IPC Marathon World Championships"]. ''BBC Sport''. 23 October 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2015.</ref> == Coverage == De International Paralympic Committee provide live video coverage of over 70 hours of events for ein website top, as well as live coverage, videos of events den interviews for ein ParalympicSportTV channel for YouTube top.<ref>[http://www.paralympic.org/video/watch-live-2015-ipc-athletics-world-championships-doha-qatar "WATCH LIVE - 2015 IPC Athletics World Championships, Doha, Qatar"]. ''IPC''. Retrieved 23 October 2013.</ref> Insyd de United Kingdom, Channel 4 ein sisto channel More4 air live coverage daily thruout de Championship.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151102044957/http://boomerang.co.uk/boomerang-to-provide-ipc-world-athletics-championships-2015-coverage-for-channel-4/ "Boomerang to provide IPC World Athletics Championships 2015 coverage for Channel 4"]. boomerang.co.uk. Archived from [http://boomerang.co.uk/boomerang-to-provide-ipc-world-athletics-championships-2015-coverage-for-channel-4/ the original] on 2 November 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2015.</ref> Na dem stream coverage insyd Germany live for ''www.deutsche-paralympische-mannschaft.de'' top plus further availability for de German Olympic Sports Confederation (DOSB) sports channel top.<ref>[http://www.paralympic.org/news/npc-germany-provides-live-stream-doha-2015/ "NPC Germany provides live stream of Doha 2015"]. ''IPC''. 21 October 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2015.</ref> == Format == Na de qualification period give de championships last from 1 January 2014 to 31 August 2015 plus maximum of three athletes from each nation qualify for each individual event.<ref name=":0" /> Na dem dey require each athlete make e meet at least de B qualification standards insyd one IPC event dem approve. Na dem dey require athletes make dem enter at least one individual event make dem be able to participate insyd relays. However, insyd events wer na dem combine classes each nation fi send maximum of five qualifying athletes.<ref>[http://www.paralympic.org/sites/default/files/document/141112124251739_2014_11_11_2015+ipc+athletics+world+championships_qualification+criteria_v1+1+.pdf "Qualification Criteria and Event Programme: 2015 IPC Athletics World Championships, Doha, Qatar"] (PDF). ''paralympic.org''. 11 November 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2015.</ref> Na dem hold de marathon events separately, wey take place for 26 April, na de reason dem give be say de London Marathon go give a better schedule give de athletes.<ref name=":1" /> Na dem run de qualifying period give de marathon events between 1 January 2014 to 9 February 2015. Na dem require all athletes make dem meet de minimum qualifying time make dem be able to participate if dem achieve de time for IPC event dem approve. Na dem allow up to six athletes wey komot one country make dem compete insyd each class for de marathon. Na dem allow maximum of two guide runners per athlete for de T11 den 12 classes.<ref>[http://www.paralympic.org/sites/default/files/document/141112163813060_2014_10_20_ipc+athletics+marathon+world+championships+qualification+criteria+and+event+programme.pdf "Qualification Criteria and Event Programme: 2015 IPC Athletics Marathon World Championships, London, GBR"] (PDF). ''paralympic.org''. 20 October 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2015.</ref> === Schedule === [[File:London_Marathon.png|right|thumb|250x250px|Na dem run de marathon over de London Marathon course, dey start from de blue start.]] De marathon events for both women den men take part outsyd de main championship insyd Doha wey na dem contest am as part of de 2015 London Marathon. Unlike de previous Championship insyd Lyon, na dem no contest events across disability classifications, whereby results go be giving points wey dey weight make e determine athlete wey dey win. Dem gbele chaw events to athletes plus lower classification numbers, wey na dem deem am make e get greater impairment, such as de men's discus F56, wich dem sanso fi be contested by F54 den F55 classification athletes.<ref>[http://www.paralympic.org/sites/default/files/document/150709135904590_IPCATHWC%2B2015%2BCompetition%2BSchedule%2BVersion%2B3.pdf "Competition Schedule Version 3: Doha 2015 IPC Athletics World Championships"] (PDF). ''IPC''. 9 July 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2015.</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:90%;position:relative;" |- |bgcolor="#00cc33"|&nbsp;●&nbsp;||Opening ceremony |bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |&nbsp; &nbsp;||Events |bgcolor="#ee3333"|&nbsp;●&nbsp;||Closing ceremony |} {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:90%; line-height:1.25em;" ! colspan=2| !! colspan=1|April !! colspan=11|October |- align="center" ! colspan="2"| Date → || width="40px" |26 ||width="40px" |21 || width="40px" |22 || width="40px" |23 || width="40px" |24 || width="40px" |25 || width="40px" |26 || width="40px" |27 || width="40px" |28 || width="40px" |29 || width="40px" |30 || width="40px" |31 |- align="center" | align="left" rowspan="2"| 100 m || Men<br><small>''Details''</small> || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T53|| bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T11<br/>T12 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T13 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T42<br/>T54 || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T51<br/>T52<br/>T47 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T33<br/>T34 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T35<br/>T36<br/>T44 || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T37<br/>T38 |- align="center" | Women<br><small>''Details''</small> || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T34<br/>T37<br/>T38 || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T53<br/>T54 || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T52 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T36 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T11<br/>T12 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T13<br/>T35<br/>T44 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T47<br/>T42 || |- align="center" | align="left" rowspan="2"| 200 m || Men<br><small>''Details''</small> || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T54<br/>T37<br/>T38 || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T53<br/>T44<br/>T35<br/>T47 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T13 || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T42 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T11<br/>T12 || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T36<br/>T34 |- align="center" | Women<br><small>''Details''</small> || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T53<br/>T54 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T52 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T44<br/>T35 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T11<br/>T36<br/>T12 || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T13 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T47 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T37<br/>T38 || || |- align="center" | align="left" rowspan="2"| 400 m || Men<br><small>''Details''</small> || || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T20|| bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T34 || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T11<br/>T12 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T54<br/>T44<br/>T53 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T13 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T37<br/>T38 || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T51<br/>T52 |- align="center" | Women<br><small>''Details''</small> || || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5"| T11<br/>T12 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" | T13 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" | T37<br/>T38<br/>T53 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" | T47 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" | T54 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" | T44 || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"| T20|| bgcolor="#D0A9F5" | T52<br/>T34 |- align="center" | align="left" rowspan="2"| 800 m || Men<br><small>''Details''</small> || || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T13 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T38 || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T36<br/>T34 || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T20|| bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T54<br/>T53 || || |- align="center" | Women<br><small>''Details''</small> || || || || || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T54|| bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T53 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T34<br/>T20 || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T11 || |-align="center" | align="left" rowspan="2"| 1500 m || Men<br><small>''Details''</small> || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T46 || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T54 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T20 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" | T13<br/>T52 || || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" | T11<br/>T37<br/>T38 || |-align="center" | Women<br><small>''Details''</small> || || || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T54<br/>T20 || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T11|| || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T13 || |- align="center" | align="left" rowspan="2"| 5000 m || Men<br><small>''Details''</small> || || || || || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T54<br/>T11 || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T13 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T20 || |- align="center" | Women<br><small>''Details''</small> || || || || || || || || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T54 || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T20 |- align="center" | align="left" rowspan="2"| Marathon || Men<br><small>''Details''</small> ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|T12<br/>T13<br/>T46<br/>T52<br/>T54 || || || || || || || || || || || |- align="center" | Women<br><small>''Details''</small> ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5"| T12<br/>T54 || || || || || || || || || || || |- align="center" | align="left" rowspan="2"| 4 × 100 m relay || Men<br><small>''Details''</small> || || || || || || || || || || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T11-13<br/>T42-47 |- align="center" | Women<br><small>''Details''</small> || || || || || || || || || || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T11-13<br/>T42-47 |- align="center" | align="left" rowspan="2"| 4 × 400 m relay || Men<br><small>''Details''</small> || || || || || || || || || || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T53/54 |- align="center" | Women<br><small>''Details''</small> || || || || || || || || || || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T53/54 |- align="center" | align="left" rowspan="2"| Long jump || Men<br><small>''Details''</small> || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T13 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T44 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T20<br/>T12 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T38 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T42 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T11<br/>T36 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T47 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T37 || || |- align="center" | Women<br><small>''Details''</small> || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T42<br/>T44 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T47 || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T20 || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T38 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T37 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T11<br/>T12 || || |- align="center" | align="left" rowspan="2"| Triple jump || Men<br><small>''Details''</small> || || || || || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T47 || || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T20 || |- align="center" | Women<br><small>''Details''</small> || || || || || || || || || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T20 || |- align="center" | align="left"| High jump || Men<br><small>''Details''</small> || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T42 || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T12 || || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T47 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |T44 || |- align="center" | align="left" rowspan="2"| Shot put || Men<br><small>''Details''</small> || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F42<br/>F36<br/>F12<br/>F20 || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F32<br/>F41 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F35<br/>F38<br/>F33<br/>F37 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F34|| bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F44<br/>F57 || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F46<br/>F53 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F40 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F55 |- align="center" | Women<br><small>''Details''</small> || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F34 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F37<br/>F57<br/>F20|| || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F55<br/>F54|| bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F41 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F53<br/>F35<br/>F40 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F33<br/>F44 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F36 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F32 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F12 |- align="center" | align="left" rowspan="2"| Discus throw || Men<br><small>''Details''</small> || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5"| F56<br/>F44 || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5"| F46 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" | F52 || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5"| F11 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" | F42 || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5"| F57<br/>F37 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F34<br/>F12 |- align="center" | Women<br><small>''Details''</small> || || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5"| F41 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" | F11 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" | F44 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" | F38 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" | F57<br/>F52 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" | F55|| bgcolor="#D0A9F5" | F12 || || |- align="center" | align="left" rowspan="2"| Javelin throw || Men<br><small>''Details''</small>|| || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F34 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F37 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F57 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F54<br/>F11 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F13<br/>F55 || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F46|| bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F38<br/>F41|| ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F44 || |- align="center" | Women<br><small>''Details''</small> || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F11|| bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F54 || || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F13 || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F34<br/>F56<br/>F37 || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F46 |- align="center" | align="left" rowspan="2"| Club throw || Men<br><small>''Details''</small> || || || || || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F32 || || ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F51 || || |- align="center" | Women<br><small>''Details''</small> || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F32|| ||bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |F51 || || || || || || || |- align="center" | align="left" colspan="2"| Ceremonies || || bgcolor="#00cc33"| ● || || || || || || || || || || bgcolor="#ee3333"|● |} *[https://www.paralympic.org/static/info/doha-2015/resIPC/pdf/QA2015/AT/QA2015_AT_C81_AT0000000.pdf Records Brokens]<br /> == Medal table == De medal table for de end of de competition see China for ein head insyd both total medal count dem gold medals dem win.<ref>[http://www.paralympic.org/static/info/doha-2015/eng/zz/ZZM195U_QA2015AT@@@@@@@ENG.htm "Medal Count"]. ''IPC''. Retrieved 1 November 2015.</ref> De host nation Qatar fail make dem achieve a medal. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Rank !Nation !Gold !Silver !Bronze !Total |- |1 !China (CHN) |41 |26 |18 |85 |- |2 !Russia (RUS) |24 |21 |24 |69 |- |3 !United States (USA) |13 |16 |10 |39 |- |4 !Great Britain (GBR) |13 |9 |9 |31 |- |5 !Tunisia (TUN) |11 |3 |1 |15 |- |6 !Poland (POL) |9 |5 |7 |21 |- |7 !Brazil (BRA) |8 |14 |13 |35 |- |8 !Germany (GER) |8 |7 |9 |24 |- |9 !Australia (AUS) |8 |4 |10 |22 |- |10 !Cuba (CUB) |7 |2 |0 |9 |- |11 !Belgium (BEL) |5 |0 |0 |5 |- |12 !Ukraine (UKR) |4 |8 |14 |26 |- |13 !South Africa (RSA) |4 |8 |5 |17 |- |14 !Iran (IRI) |4 |7 |2 |13 |- |15 !Canada (CAN) |4 |4 |3 |11 |- |16 !France (FRA) |3 |5 |5 |13 |- |17 !Netherlands (NED) |3 |4 |8 |15 |- |18 !Japan (JPN) |3 |2 |4 |9 |- |19 !Greece (GRE) |3 |2 |3 |8 |- | rowspan="2" |20 !Bulgaria (BUL) |3 |1 |3 |7 |- !Ireland (IRL) |3 |1 |3 |7 |- |22 !Algeria (ALG) |2 |7 |2 |11 |- |23 !Thailand (THA) |2 |3 |4 |9 |- |24 !Azerbaijan (AZE) |2 |2 |2 |6 |- |25 !Croatia (CRO) |2 |2 |1 |5 |- |26 !Portugal (POR) |2 |1 |2 |5 |- |27 !Italy (ITA) |2 |1 |1 |4 |- |28 !Morocco (MAR) |2 |0 |5 |7 |- |29 !Malaysia (MAS) |2 |0 |3 |5 |- |30 !Spain (ESP) |1 |5 |4 |10 |- |31 !Finland (FIN) |1 |4 |3 |8 |- |32 !Colombia (COL) |1 |3 |2 |6 |- |33 !Mexico (MEX) |1 |3 |1 |5 |- |34 !Serbia (SRB) |1 |2 |2 |5 |- |35 !Latvia (LAT) |1 |2 |0 |3 |- | rowspan="2" |36 !Namibia (NAM) |1 |1 |2 |4 |- !Uzbekistan (UZB) |1 |1 |2 |4 |- | rowspan="2" |38 !Chile (CHI) |1 |1 |1 |3 |- !Sweden (SWE) |1 |1 |1 |3 |- | rowspan="2" |40 !Belarus (BLR) |1 |1 |0 |2 |- !Iraq (IRQ) |1 |1 |0 |2 |- | rowspan="4" |42 !Cape Verde (CPV) |1 |0 |0 |1 |- !Kuwait (KUW) |1 |0 |0 |1 |- !Nigeria (NGR) |1 |0 |0 |1 |- !Slovakia (SVK) |1 |0 |0 |1 |- |46 !United Arab Emirates (UAE) |0 |3 |1 |4 |- |47 !Switzerland (SUI) |0 |2 |3 |5 |- | rowspan="2" |48 !Denmark (DEN) |0 |2 |2 |4 |- !New Zealand (NZL) |0 |2 |2 |4 |- | rowspan="2" |50 !India (IND) |0 |2 |0 |2 |- !Lithuania (LTU) |0 |2 |0 |2 |- | rowspan="2" |52 !Argentina (ARG) |0 |1 |1 |2 |- !Turkey (TUR) |0 |1 |1 |2 |- | rowspan="6" |54 !Angola (ANG) |0 |1 |0 |1 |- !Austria (AUT) |0 |1 |0 |1 |- !Egypt (EGY) |0 |1 |0 |1 |- !Jamaica (JAM) |0 |1 |0 |1 |- !Syria (SYR) |0 |1 |0 |1 |- !Venezuela (VEN) |0 |1 |0 |1 |- |60 !Czech Republic (CZE) |0 |0 |3 |3 |- | rowspan="5" |61 !Bermuda (BER) |0 |0 |1 |1 |- !Iceland (ISL) |0 |0 |1 |1 |- !Indonesia (INA) |0 |0 |1 |1 |- !Mozambique (MOZ) |0 |0 |1 |1 |- !Vietnam (VIE) |0 |0 |1 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Totals (65 entries) !213 !211 !207 !631 |} == Nations wey participate == Below be de list of countries wey gree make dem participate insyd de Championships den de requested number of athlete places for each.<ref>[http://www.paralympic.org/static/info/doha-2015/eng/zz/ZZS102C_QA2015AT@@@@@@@ENG.htm "NPCs List"]. ''IPC''. Retrieved 24 October 2015.</ref> * Afghanistan (2) * Algeria (15) * Angola (5) * Argentina (21) * Australia (48) * Austria (6) * Azerbaijan (10) * Bahrain (6) * Belarus (8) * Belgium (5) * Bermuda (1) * Brazil (40) * Bulgaria (9) * Cameroon (4) * Canada (31) * Cape Verde (2) * Chile (4) * China (79) * Chinese Taipei (4) * Colombia (8) * Croatia (14) * Cuba (6) * Cyprus (1) * Czech Republic (14) * Denmark (7) * Egypt (14) * Estonia (3) * Ethiopia (1) * Finland (10) * France (17) * Germany (31) * Great Britain (47) * Greece (22) * Hong Kong (4) * Hungary (7) * Iceland (2) * India (15) * Indonesia (7) * Iran (19) * Iraq (4) * Ireland (9) * Italy (13) * Jamaica (7) * Japan (56) * Jordan (5) * Kazakhstan (8) * Kuwait (11) * Latvia (7) * Libya (5) * Lithuania (8) * Luxembourg (1) * Macau (5) * Malaysia (6) * Mexico (25) * Moldova (1) * Mongolia (2) * Montenegro (3) * Morocco (9) * Mozambique (5) * Namibia (8) * Netherlands (18) * New Zealand (8) * Nicaragua (1) * Nigeria (7) * Norway (2) * Pakistan (3) * Panama (2) * Papua New Guinea (2) * Philippines (1) * Poland (38) * Portugal (23) * Qatar (8) * Russia (76) * Rwanda (2) * Saudi Arabia (5) * Senegal (2) * Serbia (5) * Slovakia (4) * Slovenia (2) * South Africa (22) * Spain (27) * Sri Lanka (6) * Sweden (9) *  Switzerland (9) * Syria (1) * Thailand (19) * Trinidad and Tobago (2) * Tunisia (9) * Turkey (24) * Ukraine (31) * United Arab Emirates (18) * United States (76) * Uzbekistan (11) * Venezuela (5) * Vietnam (4) * U.S. Virgin Islands (1) == References == <references /> == External links == * [http://www.paralympic.org/doha-2015/ Official web-site] [[Category:2015 IPC Athletics World Championships]] [[Category:World Para Athletics Championships]] [[Category:2015 insyd athletics (track den field)]] [[Category:2015 insyd Qatari sport]] [[Category:International athletics competitions host by Qatar]] [[Category:Sports competitions insyd Doha]] oy7rfad6a4zbwl2rdgj7k4jafovs2yd Borderline personality disorder 0 15210 97441 80001 2026-04-30T17:06:24Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Borderline personality disorder''' ('''BPD'''), dem sanso know am as '''emotionally unstable personality disorder''' ('''EUPD'''), be a mental illness wey be characterized by a long-term pattern of unstable relationships, distorted sense of self, den strong emotional reactions.<ref name=":0">American Psychiatric Association 2013, pp. [[iarchive:diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/645|645, 663–6]]</ref><ref name="NIH20163">{{cite web|title=Borderline Personality Disorder|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322130612/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|archive-date=22 March 2016|access-date=16 March 2016|website=NIMH}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Chapman AL|title=Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation|journal=Development and Psychopathology|volume=31|issue=3|pages=1143–1156|date=August 2019|pmid=31169118|doi=10.1017/S0954579419000658|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0954579419000658/type/journal_article|url-status=live|publisher=Cambridge University Press|s2cid=174813414|access-date=5 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204232023/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/development-and-psychopathology/article/abs/borderline-personality-disorder-and-emotion-dysregulation/EA2CB1C041307A34392F49279C107987|archive-date=4 December 2020|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Individuals often dey engage insyd self-harm den oda dangerous behavior.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bozzatello P, Rocca P, Baldassarri L, Bosia M, Bellino S|title=The Role of Trauma in Early Onset Borderline Personality Disorder: A Biopsychosocial Perspective|journal=Frontiers in Psychiatry|volume=12|pages=721361|date=23 September 2021|pmid=34630181|pmc=8495240|doi=10.3389/fpsyt.2021.721361|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Cattane N, Rossi R, Lanfredi M, Cattaneo A|title=Borderline personality disorder and childhood trauma: exploring the affected biological systems and mechanisms|journal=BMC Psychiatry|volume=17|issue=1|pages=221|date=June 2017|pmid=28619017|pmc=5472954|doi=10.1186/s12888-017-1383-2|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=December 2017|title=Borderline Personality Disorder|url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|access-date=25 February 2021|publisher=The National Institute of Mental Health|quote=Other signs or symptoms may include: [...] Impulsive and often dangerous behaviors [...] Self-harming behavior [...]. Borderline personality disorder is also associated with a significantly higher rate of self-harm and suicidal behavior than the general public.|archive-date=29 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329213453/http://nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> Those wey be affected sanso fi struggle plus a feeling of emptiness, fear of abandonment, den detachment from reality. Symptoms fi be triggered by events dem consider normal to odas.<ref name="NIH20163" /> De behavior typically dey begin by early adulthood den dey occur across a variety of situations.<ref name=":0" /> Substance abuse,<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Helle AC, Watts AL, Trull TJ, Sher KJ|title=Alcohol Use Disorder and Antisocial and Borderline Personality Disorders|journal=Alcohol Research: Current Reviews|volume=40|issue=1|pages=arcr.v40.1.05|year=2019|pmid=31886107|pmc=6927749|doi=10.35946/arcr.v40.1.05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Trull|first1=Timothy J.|last2=Freeman|first2=Lindsey K.|last3=Vebares|first3=Tayler J.|last4=Choate|first4=Alexandria M.|last5=Helle|first5=Ashley C.|last6=Wycoff|first6=Andrea M.|date=19 September 2018|title=Borderline personality disorder and substance use disorders: an updated review|journal=Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|page=15|doi=10.1186/s40479-018-0093-9|doi-access=free|pmid=30250740|pmc=6145127|issn=2051-6673}}</ref> depression, den eating disorders<ref name="NIH20163" /> be commonly associated plus BPD. Approximately 10% of people wey be affected die by suicide.<ref name="Kreisman J, Strauss H 2004">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/sometimesiactcra00jero|title=Sometimes I Act Crazy. Living With Borderline Personality Disorder|vauthors=Kreisman J, Strauss H|publisher=Wiley & Sons|year=2004|isbn=978-0-471-22286-6|url-access=registration|page=206}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kaurin|first1=Aleksandra|last2=Dombrovski|first2=Alexandre|last3=Hallquist|first3=Michael|last4=Wright|first4=Aidan|date=2020-12-10|title=Momentary Interpersonal Processes of Suicidal Surges in Borderline Personality Disorder|journal=Psychological Medicine|volume=52|issue=13|pages=2702–2712|doi=10.1017/S0033291720004791|pmid=33298227|quote=People diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are at high risk of dying by suicide: almost all report chronic suicidal ideation, 84% of patients with BPD engage in suicidal behavior, 70% attempt suicide, with a mean of 3.4 lifetime attempts per individual, and 5–10% die by suicide (Black et al., 2004; McGirr et al., 2007; Soloff et al., 1994).|pmc=8190164}}</ref> Onset of symptoms fi be triggered by events odas perceive as normal,<ref name="NIH20163" /> plus de disorder typically dey manifest insyd early adulthood den dey persist across diverse contexts.<ref name="DSM532">{{harvnb|American Psychiatric Association|2013|pages=[https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/645 645, 663–6]}}</ref> BPD often be comorbid plus substance use disorders,<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Helle AC, Watts AL, Trull TJ, Sher KJ|title=Alcohol Use Disorder and Antisocial and Borderline Personality Disorders|journal=Alcohol Research: Current Reviews|volume=40|issue=1|article-number=arcr.v40.1.05|year=2019|pmid=31886107|pmc=6927749|doi=10.35946/arcr.v40.1.05}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trull |first1=Timothy J. |last2=Freeman |first2=Lindsey K. |last3=Vebares |first3=Tayler J. |last4=Choate |first4=Alexandria M. |last5=Helle |first5=Ashley C. |last6=Wycoff |first6=Andrea M. |title=Borderline personality disorder and substance use disorders: an updated review |journal=Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation |date=December 2018 |volume=5 |issue=1 |doi=10.1186/s40479-018-0093-9 |pmid=30250740 |doi-access=free |pmc=6145127 }}</ref> depressive disorders, den [[eating disorder]]s.<ref name="NIH20163" /> Studies dey estimate up to 10 percent of people plus BPD die by [[suicide]].<ref name="Kreisman J, Strauss H 2004">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/sometimesiactcra00jero|title=Sometimes I Act Crazy. Living With Borderline Personality Disorder|vauthors=Kreisman J, Strauss H|publisher=Wiley & Sons|year=2004|isbn=978-0-471-22286-6|url-access=registration|page=206}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kaurin|first1=Aleksandra|last2=Dombrovski|first2=Alexandre|last3=Hallquist|first3=Michael|last4=Wright|first4=Aidan|date=2020-12-10|title=Momentary Interpersonal Processes of Suicidal Surges in Borderline Personality Disorder|journal=[[Psychological Medicine]]|volume=52|issue=13|pages=2702–2712|doi=10.1017/S0033291720004791|pmid=33298227|quote=People diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are at high risk of dying by suicide: almost all report chronic suicidal ideation, 84% of patients with BPD engage in suicidal behavior, 70% attempt suicide, with a mean of 3.4 lifetime attempts per individual, and 5–10% die by suicide (Black et al., 2004; McGirr et al., 2007; Soloff et al., 1994).|pmc=8190164}}</ref> BPD dey face significant stigmatization insyd media portrayals den de psychiatric field, wey dey lead to underdiagnosis den insufficient treatment.<ref name="Borderline personality disorder, st">{{cite journal |last1=Aviram |first1=Ron B. |last2=Brodsky |first2=Beth S. |last3=Stanley |first3=Barbara |title=Borderline Personality Disorder, Stigma, and Treatment Implications |journal=Harvard Review of Psychiatry |date=September 2006 |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=249–256 |doi=10.1080/10673220600975121 |pmid=16990170 |quote=The stigmatization of BPD is likely to be a result of several characteristics of the BPD syndrome. [... Pejorative] terms such as "difficult," "treatment resistant," "manipulative," "demanding," and "attention seeking" [are used to describe such individuals. This] can have an impact upon the treater's a priori expectations. [... Such] stigmatization is likely to be a result of several [behaviour characteristics of individuals with BPD, and the fact that] psychotherapy with [them] may involve disturbing and frightening behavior, including intense anger, chronic suicidal ideation, self-injury, and suicide attempts. [... Clinicians, under the stigma, may] see lower levels of [their patient's] functioning as deliberate and within [ones] control, or as manipulation, or as a rejection of help, [and may therefore respond] in unintentially damaging ways, [possibly by withdrawing] physically and emotionally. [...] It has been found that when one person has negative expectations of another, the former changes his or her behavior toward the latter. These interpersonal situations have been described as self-fulfilling prophecies. }}</ref><ref name="EP">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Dixon-Gordon KL, Peters JR, Fertuck EA, Yen S |year=2017 |title=Emotional Processes in Borderline Personality Disorder: An Update for Clinical Practice |journal=[[Journal of Psychotherapy Integration]] |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=425–438 |doi=10.1037/int0000044 |pmc=5842953 |pmid=29527105 |quote=[Clinicians] may hesitate to [provide treatment for BPD patients] due to discomfort working with the high-risk behaviours and intense interpersonal and emotional dysregulation typical of [the disorder. Treatments supported by empirical evidence include [[Dialectical behavior therapy]], [[Mentalization-based treatment]], [[Transference-focused psychotherapy]], [[Schema therapy|Schema-focused therapy]], and General Psychiatric Management... On the psychopathology side, it's possible that] emotional reactivity may be [more] pronounced [...] in response to social stressors and in interpersonal and self-conscious emotions (e.g., anger, shame) [...] Emotional vulnerability in BPD may also vary across specific emotions, [to which] sadness, hostility, and fear [are particularly damaging].}}</ref> == References == <references /> == General bibliography == * {{cite book|author=American Psychiatric Association|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|publisher=American Psychiatric Association|year=2000|isbn=978-0-89042-025-6|edition=4th}} * {{cite book|author=American Psychiatric Association|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing|year=2013|isbn=978-0-89042-555-8|edition=5th}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Chapman AL, Gratz KL|year=2007|title=The Borderline Personality Disorder Survival Guide: Everything You Need to Know About Living with BPD|location=Oakland, CA|publisher=New Harbinger Publications|isbn=978-1-57224-507-5}} * {{cite journal|vauthors=Linehan MM, Comtois KA, Murray AM, Brown MZ, Gallop RJ, Heard HL, Korslund KE, Tutek DA, Reynolds SK, Lindenboim N|date=July 2006|title=Two-year randomized controlled trial and follow-up of dialectical behavior therapy vs therapy by experts for suicidal behaviors and borderline personality disorder|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=63|issue=7|pages=757–66|pmid=16818865|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.63.7.757|doi-access=free}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Linehan M|year=1993|title=Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder|location=New York|publisher=Guilford Press|isbn=978-0-89862-183-9}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Manning S|year=2011|title=Loving Someone with Borderline Personality Disorder|publisher=The Guilford Press|isbn=978-1-59385-607-6}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Millon T|year=1996|title=Disorders of Personality: DSM-IV-TM and Beyond|location=New York|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-01186-6}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Millon T|year=2004|title=Personality Disorders in Modern Life|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-0-471-32355-6}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Millon T, Grossman S, Meagher SE|year=2004|title=Masters of the mind: exploring the story of mental illness from ancient times to the new millennium|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-46985-8}} * {{cite web|vauthors=Millon T|year=2006|title=Personality Subtypes|url=http://millon.net/taxonomy/summary.htm|access-date=1 November 2010|archive-date=4 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101104162306/http://www.millon.net/taxonomy/summary.htm|url-status=dead|website=Institute for Advanced Studies in Personology and Psychopathology|publisher=Dicandrien, Inc.}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|publisher=National Institute of Mental Health|title=Borderline personality disorder}} * [https://www.bpdfamily.com/content/borderline-personality-disorder APA DSM 5 Definition of Borderline personality disorder] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250421180239/https://div12.org/psychological-treatments/disorders/borderline-personality-disorder/ APA Division 12 treatment page for Borderline personality disorder] * [https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en#2006821354 ICD-11 definition of Personality disorder, Borderline pattern by the World Health Organization] * [https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/overview/ NHS] * {{cite web|url=https://borderlinesupport.org.uk|title=Borderline Support UK}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Borderline personality disorder}} [[Category:Borderline personality disorder| ]] [[Category:Cluster B personality disorders]] [[Category:Women den psychology]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 804cnmikt2n9asj3mumncjdvrfxt41i 97442 97441 2026-04-30T17:20:49Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Borderline personality disorder''' ('''BPD'''), dem sanso know am as '''emotionally unstable personality disorder''' ('''EUPD'''), be a mental illness wey be characterized by a long-term pattern of unstable relationships, distorted sense of self, den strong emotional reactions.<ref name=":0">American Psychiatric Association 2013, pp. [[iarchive:diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/645|645, 663–6]]</ref><ref name="NIH20163">{{cite web|title=Borderline Personality Disorder|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322130612/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|archive-date=22 March 2016|access-date=16 March 2016|website=NIMH}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Chapman AL|title=Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation|journal=Development and Psychopathology|volume=31|issue=3|pages=1143–1156|date=August 2019|pmid=31169118|doi=10.1017/S0954579419000658|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0954579419000658/type/journal_article|url-status=live|publisher=Cambridge University Press|s2cid=174813414|access-date=5 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204232023/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/development-and-psychopathology/article/abs/borderline-personality-disorder-and-emotion-dysregulation/EA2CB1C041307A34392F49279C107987|archive-date=4 December 2020|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Individuals often dey engage insyd self-harm den oda dangerous behavior.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bozzatello P, Rocca P, Baldassarri L, Bosia M, Bellino S|title=The Role of Trauma in Early Onset Borderline Personality Disorder: A Biopsychosocial Perspective|journal=Frontiers in Psychiatry|volume=12|pages=721361|date=23 September 2021|pmid=34630181|pmc=8495240|doi=10.3389/fpsyt.2021.721361|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Cattane N, Rossi R, Lanfredi M, Cattaneo A|title=Borderline personality disorder and childhood trauma: exploring the affected biological systems and mechanisms|journal=BMC Psychiatry|volume=17|issue=1|pages=221|date=June 2017|pmid=28619017|pmc=5472954|doi=10.1186/s12888-017-1383-2|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=December 2017|title=Borderline Personality Disorder|url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|access-date=25 February 2021|publisher=The National Institute of Mental Health|quote=Other signs or symptoms may include: [...] Impulsive and often dangerous behaviors [...] Self-harming behavior [...]. Borderline personality disorder is also associated with a significantly higher rate of self-harm and suicidal behavior than the general public.|archive-date=29 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329213453/http://nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> Those wey be affected sanso fi struggle plus a feeling of emptiness, fear of abandonment, den detachment from reality. Symptoms fi be triggered by events dem consider normal to odas.<ref name="NIH20163" /> De behavior typically dey begin by early adulthood den dey occur across a variety of situations.<ref name=":0" /> Substance abuse,<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Helle AC, Watts AL, Trull TJ, Sher KJ|title=Alcohol Use Disorder and Antisocial and Borderline Personality Disorders|journal=Alcohol Research: Current Reviews|volume=40|issue=1|pages=arcr.v40.1.05|year=2019|pmid=31886107|pmc=6927749|doi=10.35946/arcr.v40.1.05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Trull|first1=Timothy J.|last2=Freeman|first2=Lindsey K.|last3=Vebares|first3=Tayler J.|last4=Choate|first4=Alexandria M.|last5=Helle|first5=Ashley C.|last6=Wycoff|first6=Andrea M.|date=19 September 2018|title=Borderline personality disorder and substance use disorders: an updated review|journal=Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|page=15|doi=10.1186/s40479-018-0093-9|doi-access=free|pmid=30250740|pmc=6145127|issn=2051-6673}}</ref> depression, den eating disorders<ref name="NIH20163" /> be commonly associated plus BPD. Approximately 10% of people wey be affected die by suicide.<ref name="Kreisman J, Strauss H 2004">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/sometimesiactcra00jero|title=Sometimes I Act Crazy. Living With Borderline Personality Disorder|vauthors=Kreisman J, Strauss H|publisher=Wiley & Sons|year=2004|isbn=978-0-471-22286-6|url-access=registration|page=206}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kaurin|first1=Aleksandra|last2=Dombrovski|first2=Alexandre|last3=Hallquist|first3=Michael|last4=Wright|first4=Aidan|date=2020-12-10|title=Momentary Interpersonal Processes of Suicidal Surges in Borderline Personality Disorder|journal=Psychological Medicine|volume=52|issue=13|pages=2702–2712|doi=10.1017/S0033291720004791|pmid=33298227|quote=People diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are at high risk of dying by suicide: almost all report chronic suicidal ideation, 84% of patients with BPD engage in suicidal behavior, 70% attempt suicide, with a mean of 3.4 lifetime attempts per individual, and 5–10% die by suicide (Black et al., 2004; McGirr et al., 2007; Soloff et al., 1994).|pmc=8190164}}</ref> Onset of symptoms fi be triggered by events odas perceive as normal,<ref name="NIH20163" /> plus de disorder typically dey manifest insyd early adulthood den dey persist across diverse contexts.<ref name="DSM532">{{harvnb|American Psychiatric Association|2013|pages=[https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/645 645, 663–6]}}</ref> BPD often be comorbid plus substance use disorders,<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Helle AC, Watts AL, Trull TJ, Sher KJ|title=Alcohol Use Disorder and Antisocial and Borderline Personality Disorders|journal=Alcohol Research: Current Reviews|volume=40|issue=1|article-number=arcr.v40.1.05|year=2019|pmid=31886107|pmc=6927749|doi=10.35946/arcr.v40.1.05}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trull |first1=Timothy J. |last2=Freeman |first2=Lindsey K. |last3=Vebares |first3=Tayler J. |last4=Choate |first4=Alexandria M. |last5=Helle |first5=Ashley C. |last6=Wycoff |first6=Andrea M. |title=Borderline personality disorder and substance use disorders: an updated review |journal=Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation |date=December 2018 |volume=5 |issue=1 |doi=10.1186/s40479-018-0093-9 |pmid=30250740 |doi-access=free |pmc=6145127 }}</ref> depressive disorders, den [[eating disorder]]s.<ref name="NIH20163" /> Studies dey estimate up to 10 percent of people plus BPD die by [[suicide]].<ref name="Kreisman J, Strauss H 2004">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/sometimesiactcra00jero|title=Sometimes I Act Crazy. Living With Borderline Personality Disorder|vauthors=Kreisman J, Strauss H|publisher=Wiley & Sons|year=2004|isbn=978-0-471-22286-6|url-access=registration|page=206}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kaurin|first1=Aleksandra|last2=Dombrovski|first2=Alexandre|last3=Hallquist|first3=Michael|last4=Wright|first4=Aidan|date=2020-12-10|title=Momentary Interpersonal Processes of Suicidal Surges in Borderline Personality Disorder|journal=[[Psychological Medicine]]|volume=52|issue=13|pages=2702–2712|doi=10.1017/S0033291720004791|pmid=33298227|quote=People diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are at high risk of dying by suicide: almost all report chronic suicidal ideation, 84% of patients with BPD engage in suicidal behavior, 70% attempt suicide, with a mean of 3.4 lifetime attempts per individual, and 5–10% die by suicide (Black et al., 2004; McGirr et al., 2007; Soloff et al., 1994).|pmc=8190164}}</ref> BPD dey face significant stigmatization insyd media portrayals den de psychiatric field, wey dey lead to underdiagnosis den insufficient treatment.<ref name="Borderline personality disorder, st">{{cite journal |last1=Aviram |first1=Ron B. |last2=Brodsky |first2=Beth S. |last3=Stanley |first3=Barbara |title=Borderline Personality Disorder, Stigma, and Treatment Implications |journal=Harvard Review of Psychiatry |date=September 2006 |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=249–256 |doi=10.1080/10673220600975121 |pmid=16990170 |quote=The stigmatization of BPD is likely to be a result of several characteristics of the BPD syndrome. [... Pejorative] terms such as "difficult," "treatment resistant," "manipulative," "demanding," and "attention seeking" [are used to describe such individuals. This] can have an impact upon the treater's a priori expectations. [... Such] stigmatization is likely to be a result of several [behaviour characteristics of individuals with BPD, and the fact that] psychotherapy with [them] may involve disturbing and frightening behavior, including intense anger, chronic suicidal ideation, self-injury, and suicide attempts. [... Clinicians, under the stigma, may] see lower levels of [their patient's] functioning as deliberate and within [ones] control, or as manipulation, or as a rejection of help, [and may therefore respond] in unintentially damaging ways, [possibly by withdrawing] physically and emotionally. [...] It has been found that when one person has negative expectations of another, the former changes his or her behavior toward the latter. These interpersonal situations have been described as self-fulfilling prophecies. }}</ref><ref name="EP">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Dixon-Gordon KL, Peters JR, Fertuck EA, Yen S |year=2017 |title=Emotional Processes in Borderline Personality Disorder: An Update for Clinical Practice |journal=[[Journal of Psychotherapy Integration]] |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=425–438 |doi=10.1037/int0000044 |pmc=5842953 |pmid=29527105 |quote=[Clinicians] may hesitate to [provide treatment for BPD patients] due to discomfort working with the high-risk behaviours and intense interpersonal and emotional dysregulation typical of [the disorder. Treatments supported by empirical evidence include Dialectical behavior therapy, Mentalization-based treatment, Transference-focused psychotherapy, Schema-focused therapy, and General Psychiatric Management... On the psychopathology side, it's possible that] emotional reactivity may be [more] pronounced [...] in response to social stressors and in interpersonal and self-conscious emotions (e.g., anger, shame) [...] Emotional vulnerability in BPD may also vary across specific emotions, [to which] sadness, hostility, and fear [are particularly damaging].}}</ref> Causes of BPD be unclear den complex, wey dey implicate genetic, neurological, den psychosocial conditions insyd ein development.<ref name="NIH2016">{{cite web |title=Borderline Personality Disorder |url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322130612/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml |archive-date=22 March 2016 |access-date=16 March 2016 |website=NIMH}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2021-02-12 |title=Causes - Borderline personality disorder |url=https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/causes/ |access-date=2025-12-21 |website=nhs.uk |language=en}}</ref> De current hypothesis dey suggest BPD be caused by an interaction between genetic factors den adverse childhood experiences.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Chapman |first1=Jennifer |title=Borderline Personality Disorder |date=2025 |work=StatPearls |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430883/ |access-date=2025-06-10 |place=Treasure Island, Fla. |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=28613633 |quote=The current hypothesis is that BPD is caused by an interaction between genetic factors and adverse childhood experiences affecting brain development via neuropeptides and hormones. The relative importance of these factors is unclear. |last2=Jamil |first2=Radia T. |last3=Fleisher |first3=Carl |last4=Torrico |first4=Tyler J.}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{cite journal |last1=Leichsenring |first1=Falk |last2=Fonagy |first2=Peter |last3=Heim |first3=Nikolas |last4=Kernberg |first4=Otto F. |last5=Leweke |first5=Frank |last6=Luyten |first6=Patrick |last7=Salzer |first7=Simone |last8=Spitzer |first8=Carsten |last9=Steinert |first9=Christiane |title=Borderline personality disorder: a comprehensive review of diagnosis and clinical presentation, etiology, treatment, and current controversies |journal=World Psychiatry |date=February 2024 |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=4–25 |doi=10.1002/wps.21156 |pmc=10786009 |pmid=38214629 |quote=It is currently hypothesized that, in BPD, genetic factors and adverse childhood experiences interact to influence brain development via hormones and neuropeptides. Adverse childhood experiences are thought to modulate gene expression and lead to stable personality traits that may predispose to BPD. [...] There is familial aggregation of BPD, with recent data from a Swedish population-based study estimating heritability at 46%. The risk of receiving a BPD diagnosis was increased 4.7-fold for full siblings. The hazard ratio in identical twins was 11.5.}}</ref> BPD significantly be more common insyd people plus a family history of BPD, particularly immediate relatives, wey dey suggest genetic predisposition.<ref name=":13" /> Der be a risk of misdiagnosis, wey BPD commonly be confused plus a [[mood disorder]], substance use disorder, anaa oda mental health disorders.<ref name="DSM532" /> == References == <references /> == General bibliography == * {{cite book|author=American Psychiatric Association|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|publisher=American Psychiatric Association|year=2000|isbn=978-0-89042-025-6|edition=4th}} * {{cite book|author=American Psychiatric Association|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing|year=2013|isbn=978-0-89042-555-8|edition=5th}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Chapman AL, Gratz KL|year=2007|title=The Borderline Personality Disorder Survival Guide: Everything You Need to Know About Living with BPD|location=Oakland, CA|publisher=New Harbinger Publications|isbn=978-1-57224-507-5}} * {{cite journal|vauthors=Linehan MM, Comtois KA, Murray AM, Brown MZ, Gallop RJ, Heard HL, Korslund KE, Tutek DA, Reynolds SK, Lindenboim N|date=July 2006|title=Two-year randomized controlled trial and follow-up of dialectical behavior therapy vs therapy by experts for suicidal behaviors and borderline personality disorder|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=63|issue=7|pages=757–66|pmid=16818865|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.63.7.757|doi-access=free}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Linehan M|year=1993|title=Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder|location=New York|publisher=Guilford Press|isbn=978-0-89862-183-9}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Manning S|year=2011|title=Loving Someone with Borderline Personality Disorder|publisher=The Guilford Press|isbn=978-1-59385-607-6}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Millon T|year=1996|title=Disorders of Personality: DSM-IV-TM and Beyond|location=New York|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-01186-6}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Millon T|year=2004|title=Personality Disorders in Modern Life|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-0-471-32355-6}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Millon T, Grossman S, Meagher SE|year=2004|title=Masters of the mind: exploring the story of mental illness from ancient times to the new millennium|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-46985-8}} * {{cite web|vauthors=Millon T|year=2006|title=Personality Subtypes|url=http://millon.net/taxonomy/summary.htm|access-date=1 November 2010|archive-date=4 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101104162306/http://www.millon.net/taxonomy/summary.htm|url-status=dead|website=Institute for Advanced Studies in Personology and Psychopathology|publisher=Dicandrien, Inc.}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|publisher=National Institute of Mental Health|title=Borderline personality disorder}} * [https://www.bpdfamily.com/content/borderline-personality-disorder APA DSM 5 Definition of Borderline personality disorder] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250421180239/https://div12.org/psychological-treatments/disorders/borderline-personality-disorder/ APA Division 12 treatment page for Borderline personality disorder] * [https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en#2006821354 ICD-11 definition of Personality disorder, Borderline pattern by the World Health Organization] * [https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/overview/ NHS] * {{cite web|url=https://borderlinesupport.org.uk|title=Borderline Support UK}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Borderline personality disorder}} [[Category:Borderline personality disorder| ]] [[Category:Cluster B personality disorders]] [[Category:Women den psychology]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] q0j66zark3io39su52nzihkm47zl3j2 97444 97442 2026-04-30T17:33:56Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Borderline personality disorder''' ('''BPD'''), dem sanso know am as '''emotionally unstable personality disorder''' ('''EUPD'''), be a mental illness wey be characterized by a long-term pattern of unstable relationships, distorted sense of self, den strong emotional reactions.<ref name=":0">American Psychiatric Association 2013, pp. [[iarchive:diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/645|645, 663–6]]</ref><ref name="NIH20163">{{cite web|title=Borderline Personality Disorder|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322130612/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|archive-date=22 March 2016|access-date=16 March 2016|website=NIMH}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Chapman AL|title=Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation|journal=Development and Psychopathology|volume=31|issue=3|pages=1143–1156|date=August 2019|pmid=31169118|doi=10.1017/S0954579419000658|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0954579419000658/type/journal_article|url-status=live|publisher=Cambridge University Press|s2cid=174813414|access-date=5 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204232023/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/development-and-psychopathology/article/abs/borderline-personality-disorder-and-emotion-dysregulation/EA2CB1C041307A34392F49279C107987|archive-date=4 December 2020|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Individuals often dey engage insyd self-harm den oda dangerous behavior.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bozzatello P, Rocca P, Baldassarri L, Bosia M, Bellino S|title=The Role of Trauma in Early Onset Borderline Personality Disorder: A Biopsychosocial Perspective|journal=Frontiers in Psychiatry|volume=12|pages=721361|date=23 September 2021|pmid=34630181|pmc=8495240|doi=10.3389/fpsyt.2021.721361|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Cattane N, Rossi R, Lanfredi M, Cattaneo A|title=Borderline personality disorder and childhood trauma: exploring the affected biological systems and mechanisms|journal=BMC Psychiatry|volume=17|issue=1|pages=221|date=June 2017|pmid=28619017|pmc=5472954|doi=10.1186/s12888-017-1383-2|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=December 2017|title=Borderline Personality Disorder|url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|access-date=25 February 2021|publisher=The National Institute of Mental Health|quote=Other signs or symptoms may include: [...] Impulsive and often dangerous behaviors [...] Self-harming behavior [...]. Borderline personality disorder is also associated with a significantly higher rate of self-harm and suicidal behavior than the general public.|archive-date=29 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329213453/http://nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> Those wey be affected sanso fi struggle plus a feeling of emptiness, fear of abandonment, den detachment from reality. Symptoms fi be triggered by events dem consider normal to odas.<ref name="NIH20163" /> De behavior typically dey begin by early adulthood den dey occur across a variety of situations.<ref name=":0" /> Substance abuse,<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Helle AC, Watts AL, Trull TJ, Sher KJ|title=Alcohol Use Disorder and Antisocial and Borderline Personality Disorders|journal=Alcohol Research: Current Reviews|volume=40|issue=1|pages=arcr.v40.1.05|year=2019|pmid=31886107|pmc=6927749|doi=10.35946/arcr.v40.1.05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Trull|first1=Timothy J.|last2=Freeman|first2=Lindsey K.|last3=Vebares|first3=Tayler J.|last4=Choate|first4=Alexandria M.|last5=Helle|first5=Ashley C.|last6=Wycoff|first6=Andrea M.|date=19 September 2018|title=Borderline personality disorder and substance use disorders: an updated review|journal=Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|page=15|doi=10.1186/s40479-018-0093-9|doi-access=free|pmid=30250740|pmc=6145127|issn=2051-6673}}</ref> depression, den eating disorders<ref name="NIH20163" /> be commonly associated plus BPD. Approximately 10% of people wey be affected die by suicide.<ref name="Kreisman J, Strauss H 2004">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/sometimesiactcra00jero|title=Sometimes I Act Crazy. Living With Borderline Personality Disorder|vauthors=Kreisman J, Strauss H|publisher=Wiley & Sons|year=2004|isbn=978-0-471-22286-6|url-access=registration|page=206}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kaurin|first1=Aleksandra|last2=Dombrovski|first2=Alexandre|last3=Hallquist|first3=Michael|last4=Wright|first4=Aidan|date=2020-12-10|title=Momentary Interpersonal Processes of Suicidal Surges in Borderline Personality Disorder|journal=Psychological Medicine|volume=52|issue=13|pages=2702–2712|doi=10.1017/S0033291720004791|pmid=33298227|quote=People diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are at high risk of dying by suicide: almost all report chronic suicidal ideation, 84% of patients with BPD engage in suicidal behavior, 70% attempt suicide, with a mean of 3.4 lifetime attempts per individual, and 5–10% die by suicide (Black et al., 2004; McGirr et al., 2007; Soloff et al., 1994).|pmc=8190164}}</ref> Onset of symptoms fi be triggered by events odas perceive as normal,<ref name="NIH20163" /> plus de disorder typically dey manifest insyd early adulthood den dey persist across diverse contexts.<ref name="DSM532">{{harvnb|American Psychiatric Association|2013|pages=[https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/645 645, 663–6]}}</ref> BPD often be comorbid plus substance use disorders,<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Helle AC, Watts AL, Trull TJ, Sher KJ|title=Alcohol Use Disorder and Antisocial and Borderline Personality Disorders|journal=Alcohol Research: Current Reviews|volume=40|issue=1|article-number=arcr.v40.1.05|year=2019|pmid=31886107|pmc=6927749|doi=10.35946/arcr.v40.1.05}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trull |first1=Timothy J. |last2=Freeman |first2=Lindsey K. |last3=Vebares |first3=Tayler J. |last4=Choate |first4=Alexandria M. |last5=Helle |first5=Ashley C. |last6=Wycoff |first6=Andrea M. |title=Borderline personality disorder and substance use disorders: an updated review |journal=Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation |date=December 2018 |volume=5 |issue=1 |doi=10.1186/s40479-018-0093-9 |pmid=30250740 |doi-access=free |pmc=6145127 }}</ref> depressive disorders, den [[eating disorder]]s.<ref name="NIH20163" /> Studies dey estimate up to 10 percent of people plus BPD die by [[suicide]].<ref name="Kreisman J, Strauss H 2004">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/sometimesiactcra00jero|title=Sometimes I Act Crazy. Living With Borderline Personality Disorder|vauthors=Kreisman J, Strauss H|publisher=Wiley & Sons|year=2004|isbn=978-0-471-22286-6|url-access=registration|page=206}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kaurin|first1=Aleksandra|last2=Dombrovski|first2=Alexandre|last3=Hallquist|first3=Michael|last4=Wright|first4=Aidan|date=2020-12-10|title=Momentary Interpersonal Processes of Suicidal Surges in Borderline Personality Disorder|journal=[[Psychological Medicine]]|volume=52|issue=13|pages=2702–2712|doi=10.1017/S0033291720004791|pmid=33298227|quote=People diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are at high risk of dying by suicide: almost all report chronic suicidal ideation, 84% of patients with BPD engage in suicidal behavior, 70% attempt suicide, with a mean of 3.4 lifetime attempts per individual, and 5–10% die by suicide (Black et al., 2004; McGirr et al., 2007; Soloff et al., 1994).|pmc=8190164}}</ref> BPD dey face significant stigmatization insyd media portrayals den de psychiatric field, wey dey lead to underdiagnosis den insufficient treatment.<ref name="Borderline personality disorder, st">{{cite journal |last1=Aviram |first1=Ron B. |last2=Brodsky |first2=Beth S. |last3=Stanley |first3=Barbara |title=Borderline Personality Disorder, Stigma, and Treatment Implications |journal=Harvard Review of Psychiatry |date=September 2006 |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=249–256 |doi=10.1080/10673220600975121 |pmid=16990170 |quote=The stigmatization of BPD is likely to be a result of several characteristics of the BPD syndrome. [... Pejorative] terms such as "difficult," "treatment resistant," "manipulative," "demanding," and "attention seeking" [are used to describe such individuals. This] can have an impact upon the treater's a priori expectations. [... Such] stigmatization is likely to be a result of several [behaviour characteristics of individuals with BPD, and the fact that] psychotherapy with [them] may involve disturbing and frightening behavior, including intense anger, chronic suicidal ideation, self-injury, and suicide attempts. [... Clinicians, under the stigma, may] see lower levels of [their patient's] functioning as deliberate and within [ones] control, or as manipulation, or as a rejection of help, [and may therefore respond] in unintentially damaging ways, [possibly by withdrawing] physically and emotionally. [...] It has been found that when one person has negative expectations of another, the former changes his or her behavior toward the latter. These interpersonal situations have been described as self-fulfilling prophecies. }}</ref><ref name="EP">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Dixon-Gordon KL, Peters JR, Fertuck EA, Yen S |year=2017 |title=Emotional Processes in Borderline Personality Disorder: An Update for Clinical Practice |journal=[[Journal of Psychotherapy Integration]] |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=425–438 |doi=10.1037/int0000044 |pmc=5842953 |pmid=29527105 |quote=[Clinicians] may hesitate to [provide treatment for BPD patients] due to discomfort working with the high-risk behaviours and intense interpersonal and emotional dysregulation typical of [the disorder. Treatments supported by empirical evidence include Dialectical behavior therapy, Mentalization-based treatment, Transference-focused psychotherapy, Schema-focused therapy, and General Psychiatric Management... On the psychopathology side, it's possible that] emotional reactivity may be [more] pronounced [...] in response to social stressors and in interpersonal and self-conscious emotions (e.g., anger, shame) [...] Emotional vulnerability in BPD may also vary across specific emotions, [to which] sadness, hostility, and fear [are particularly damaging].}}</ref> Causes of BPD be unclear den complex, wey dey implicate genetic, neurological, den psychosocial conditions insyd ein development.<ref name="NIH2016">{{cite web |title=Borderline Personality Disorder |url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322130612/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml |archive-date=22 March 2016 |access-date=16 March 2016 |website=NIMH}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2021-02-12 |title=Causes - Borderline personality disorder |url=https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/causes/ |access-date=2025-12-21 |website=nhs.uk |language=en}}</ref> De current hypothesis dey suggest BPD be caused by an interaction between genetic factors den adverse childhood experiences.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Chapman |first1=Jennifer |title=Borderline Personality Disorder |date=2025 |work=StatPearls |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430883/ |access-date=2025-06-10 |place=Treasure Island, Fla. |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=28613633 |quote=The current hypothesis is that BPD is caused by an interaction between genetic factors and adverse childhood experiences affecting brain development via neuropeptides and hormones. The relative importance of these factors is unclear. |last2=Jamil |first2=Radia T. |last3=Fleisher |first3=Carl |last4=Torrico |first4=Tyler J.}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{cite journal |last1=Leichsenring |first1=Falk |last2=Fonagy |first2=Peter |last3=Heim |first3=Nikolas |last4=Kernberg |first4=Otto F. |last5=Leweke |first5=Frank |last6=Luyten |first6=Patrick |last7=Salzer |first7=Simone |last8=Spitzer |first8=Carsten |last9=Steinert |first9=Christiane |title=Borderline personality disorder: a comprehensive review of diagnosis and clinical presentation, etiology, treatment, and current controversies |journal=World Psychiatry |date=February 2024 |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=4–25 |doi=10.1002/wps.21156 |pmc=10786009 |pmid=38214629 |quote=It is currently hypothesized that, in BPD, genetic factors and adverse childhood experiences interact to influence brain development via hormones and neuropeptides. Adverse childhood experiences are thought to modulate gene expression and lead to stable personality traits that may predispose to BPD. [...] There is familial aggregation of BPD, with recent data from a Swedish population-based study estimating heritability at 46%. The risk of receiving a BPD diagnosis was increased 4.7-fold for full siblings. The hazard ratio in identical twins was 11.5.}}</ref> BPD significantly be more common insyd people plus a family history of BPD, particularly immediate relatives, wey dey suggest genetic predisposition.<ref name=":13" /> Der be a risk of misdiagnosis, wey BPD commonly be confused plus a [[mood disorder]], substance use disorder, anaa oda mental health disorders.<ref name="DSM532" /> Therapeutic interventions predominantly dey involve psychotherapy, plus dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) den schema therapy be de most effective.<ref name="NIH2016" /><ref name="EP" /> Although pharmacotherapy no dey cure BPD, e fi be employed to mitigate symptoms,<ref name="NIH2016" /> plus atypical antipsychotics den [[selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor]] (SSRI) antidepressants commonly prescribed. Dem dey use medications cautiously wey fi get minimal impact on neural function.<ref name=":42">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cattarinussi G, Delvecchio G, Prunas C, Moltrasio C, Brambilla P |date=June 2021 |title=Effects of pharmacological treatments on emotional tasks in borderline personality disorder: A review of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies |journal=Journal of Affective Disorders |volume=288 |pages=50–57 |doi=10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.088 |pmid=33839558}}</ref><ref name="pmid372564842">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pascual JC, Arias L, Soler J |date=31 May 2023 |title=Pharmacological Management of Borderline Personality Disorder and Common Comorbidities |journal=CNS Drugs |volume=37 |issue=6 |pages=489–497 |doi=10.1007/s40263-023-01015-6 |pmc=10276775 |pmid=37256484 |quote=Comorbidity with other mental disorders is common in individuals with BPD [... Despite no drug has been approved specifically for the treatment of BPD,] various medications are routinely prescribed off label [, but] agreement among clinical guidelines [is lacking]. Comorbidity [of] other psychiatric disorders is considered [the] main [reason for the effectiveness of] pharmacological treatment and polypharmacy[. Patients receiving] BPD-specific psychotherapy usually require fewer medications[.]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gerolymos |first=Cyril |last2=Garosi |first2=Alexandra |last3=Boyer |first3=Laurent |last4=Yon |first4=Dong Keon |last5=Rahmati |first5=Masoud |last6=Gavaudan |first6=Mika |last7=Fond |first7=Guillaume |date=2026-02-10 |title=Efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatments in borderline personality disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-026-03451-4 |journal=Molecular Psychiatry |language=en |pages=1–13 |doi=10.1038/s41380-026-03451-4 |issn=1476-5578}}</ref> Despite de high utilization of healthcare resources by people plus BPD,<ref name="Bourke_2018">{{cite journal|vauthors=Bourke J, Murphy A, Flynn D, Kells M, Joyce M, Hurley J|title=Borderline personality disorder: resource utilisation costs in Ireland|journal=Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine|volume=38|issue=3|pages=169–176|date=September 2021|pmid=34465404|doi=10.1017/ipm.2018.30|hdl-access=free|hdl=10468/7005}}</ref> up to half fi show significant improvement over ten years plus appropriate treatment.<ref name="DSM532" /> == References == <references /> == General bibliography == * {{cite book|author=American Psychiatric Association|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|publisher=American Psychiatric Association|year=2000|isbn=978-0-89042-025-6|edition=4th}} * {{cite book|author=American Psychiatric Association|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing|year=2013|isbn=978-0-89042-555-8|edition=5th}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Chapman AL, Gratz KL|year=2007|title=The Borderline Personality Disorder Survival Guide: Everything You Need to Know About Living with BPD|location=Oakland, CA|publisher=New Harbinger Publications|isbn=978-1-57224-507-5}} * {{cite journal|vauthors=Linehan MM, Comtois KA, Murray AM, Brown MZ, Gallop RJ, Heard HL, Korslund KE, Tutek DA, Reynolds SK, Lindenboim N|date=July 2006|title=Two-year randomized controlled trial and follow-up of dialectical behavior therapy vs therapy by experts for suicidal behaviors and borderline personality disorder|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=63|issue=7|pages=757–66|pmid=16818865|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.63.7.757|doi-access=free}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Linehan M|year=1993|title=Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder|location=New York|publisher=Guilford Press|isbn=978-0-89862-183-9}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Manning S|year=2011|title=Loving Someone with Borderline Personality Disorder|publisher=The Guilford Press|isbn=978-1-59385-607-6}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Millon T|year=1996|title=Disorders of Personality: DSM-IV-TM and Beyond|location=New York|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-01186-6}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Millon T|year=2004|title=Personality Disorders in Modern Life|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-0-471-32355-6}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Millon T, Grossman S, Meagher SE|year=2004|title=Masters of the mind: exploring the story of mental illness from ancient times to the new millennium|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-46985-8}} * {{cite web|vauthors=Millon T|year=2006|title=Personality Subtypes|url=http://millon.net/taxonomy/summary.htm|access-date=1 November 2010|archive-date=4 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101104162306/http://www.millon.net/taxonomy/summary.htm|url-status=dead|website=Institute for Advanced Studies in Personology and Psychopathology|publisher=Dicandrien, Inc.}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|publisher=National Institute of Mental Health|title=Borderline personality disorder}} * [https://www.bpdfamily.com/content/borderline-personality-disorder APA DSM 5 Definition of Borderline personality disorder] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250421180239/https://div12.org/psychological-treatments/disorders/borderline-personality-disorder/ APA Division 12 treatment page for Borderline personality disorder] * [https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en#2006821354 ICD-11 definition of Personality disorder, Borderline pattern by the World Health Organization] * [https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/overview/ NHS] * {{cite web|url=https://borderlinesupport.org.uk|title=Borderline Support UK}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Borderline personality disorder}} [[Category:Borderline personality disorder| ]] [[Category:Cluster B personality disorders]] [[Category:Women den psychology]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] bcedjrwe5533ivxwfmeswiwhni2douv 97445 97444 2026-04-30T17:40:51Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Borderline personality disorder''' ('''BPD'''), dem sanso know am as '''emotionally unstable personality disorder''' ('''EUPD'''), be a mental illness wey be characterized by a long-term pattern of unstable relationships, distorted sense of self, den strong emotional reactions.<ref name=":0">American Psychiatric Association 2013, pp. [[iarchive:diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/645|645, 663–6]]</ref><ref name="NIH20163">{{cite web|title=Borderline Personality Disorder|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322130612/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|archive-date=22 March 2016|access-date=16 March 2016|website=NIMH}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Chapman AL|title=Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation|journal=Development and Psychopathology|volume=31|issue=3|pages=1143–1156|date=August 2019|pmid=31169118|doi=10.1017/S0954579419000658|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0954579419000658/type/journal_article|url-status=live|publisher=Cambridge University Press|s2cid=174813414|access-date=5 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204232023/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/development-and-psychopathology/article/abs/borderline-personality-disorder-and-emotion-dysregulation/EA2CB1C041307A34392F49279C107987|archive-date=4 December 2020|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Individuals often dey engage insyd self-harm den oda dangerous behavior.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bozzatello P, Rocca P, Baldassarri L, Bosia M, Bellino S|title=The Role of Trauma in Early Onset Borderline Personality Disorder: A Biopsychosocial Perspective|journal=Frontiers in Psychiatry|volume=12|pages=721361|date=23 September 2021|pmid=34630181|pmc=8495240|doi=10.3389/fpsyt.2021.721361|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Cattane N, Rossi R, Lanfredi M, Cattaneo A|title=Borderline personality disorder and childhood trauma: exploring the affected biological systems and mechanisms|journal=BMC Psychiatry|volume=17|issue=1|pages=221|date=June 2017|pmid=28619017|pmc=5472954|doi=10.1186/s12888-017-1383-2|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=December 2017|title=Borderline Personality Disorder|url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|access-date=25 February 2021|publisher=The National Institute of Mental Health|quote=Other signs or symptoms may include: [...] Impulsive and often dangerous behaviors [...] Self-harming behavior [...]. Borderline personality disorder is also associated with a significantly higher rate of self-harm and suicidal behavior than the general public.|archive-date=29 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329213453/http://nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> Those wey be affected sanso fi struggle plus a feeling of emptiness, fear of abandonment, den detachment from reality. Symptoms fi be triggered by events dem consider normal to odas.<ref name="NIH20163" /> De behavior typically dey begin by early adulthood den dey occur across a variety of situations.<ref name=":0" /> Substance abuse,<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Helle AC, Watts AL, Trull TJ, Sher KJ|title=Alcohol Use Disorder and Antisocial and Borderline Personality Disorders|journal=Alcohol Research: Current Reviews|volume=40|issue=1|pages=arcr.v40.1.05|year=2019|pmid=31886107|pmc=6927749|doi=10.35946/arcr.v40.1.05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Trull|first1=Timothy J.|last2=Freeman|first2=Lindsey K.|last3=Vebares|first3=Tayler J.|last4=Choate|first4=Alexandria M.|last5=Helle|first5=Ashley C.|last6=Wycoff|first6=Andrea M.|date=19 September 2018|title=Borderline personality disorder and substance use disorders: an updated review|journal=Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|page=15|doi=10.1186/s40479-018-0093-9|doi-access=free|pmid=30250740|pmc=6145127|issn=2051-6673}}</ref> depression, den eating disorders<ref name="NIH20163" /> be commonly associated plus BPD. Approximately 10% of people wey be affected die by suicide.<ref name="Kreisman J, Strauss H 2004">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/sometimesiactcra00jero|title=Sometimes I Act Crazy. Living With Borderline Personality Disorder|vauthors=Kreisman J, Strauss H|publisher=Wiley & Sons|year=2004|isbn=978-0-471-22286-6|url-access=registration|page=206}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kaurin|first1=Aleksandra|last2=Dombrovski|first2=Alexandre|last3=Hallquist|first3=Michael|last4=Wright|first4=Aidan|date=2020-12-10|title=Momentary Interpersonal Processes of Suicidal Surges in Borderline Personality Disorder|journal=Psychological Medicine|volume=52|issue=13|pages=2702–2712|doi=10.1017/S0033291720004791|pmid=33298227|quote=People diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are at high risk of dying by suicide: almost all report chronic suicidal ideation, 84% of patients with BPD engage in suicidal behavior, 70% attempt suicide, with a mean of 3.4 lifetime attempts per individual, and 5–10% die by suicide (Black et al., 2004; McGirr et al., 2007; Soloff et al., 1994).|pmc=8190164}}</ref> Onset of symptoms fi be triggered by events odas perceive as normal,<ref name="NIH20163" /> plus de disorder typically dey manifest insyd early adulthood den dey persist across diverse contexts.<ref name="DSM532">{{harvnb|American Psychiatric Association|2013|pages=[https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/645 645, 663–6]}}</ref> BPD often be comorbid plus substance use disorders,<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Helle AC, Watts AL, Trull TJ, Sher KJ|title=Alcohol Use Disorder and Antisocial and Borderline Personality Disorders|journal=Alcohol Research: Current Reviews|volume=40|issue=1|article-number=arcr.v40.1.05|year=2019|pmid=31886107|pmc=6927749|doi=10.35946/arcr.v40.1.05}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trull |first1=Timothy J. |last2=Freeman |first2=Lindsey K. |last3=Vebares |first3=Tayler J. |last4=Choate |first4=Alexandria M. |last5=Helle |first5=Ashley C. |last6=Wycoff |first6=Andrea M. |title=Borderline personality disorder and substance use disorders: an updated review |journal=Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation |date=December 2018 |volume=5 |issue=1 |doi=10.1186/s40479-018-0093-9 |pmid=30250740 |doi-access=free |pmc=6145127 }}</ref> depressive disorders, den [[eating disorder]]s.<ref name="NIH20163" /> Studies dey estimate up to 10 percent of people plus BPD die by [[suicide]].<ref name="Kreisman J, Strauss H 2004">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/sometimesiactcra00jero|title=Sometimes I Act Crazy. Living With Borderline Personality Disorder|vauthors=Kreisman J, Strauss H|publisher=Wiley & Sons|year=2004|isbn=978-0-471-22286-6|url-access=registration|page=206}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kaurin|first1=Aleksandra|last2=Dombrovski|first2=Alexandre|last3=Hallquist|first3=Michael|last4=Wright|first4=Aidan|date=2020-12-10|title=Momentary Interpersonal Processes of Suicidal Surges in Borderline Personality Disorder|journal=[[Psychological Medicine]]|volume=52|issue=13|pages=2702–2712|doi=10.1017/S0033291720004791|pmid=33298227|quote=People diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are at high risk of dying by suicide: almost all report chronic suicidal ideation, 84% of patients with BPD engage in suicidal behavior, 70% attempt suicide, with a mean of 3.4 lifetime attempts per individual, and 5–10% die by suicide (Black et al., 2004; McGirr et al., 2007; Soloff et al., 1994).|pmc=8190164}}</ref> BPD dey face significant stigmatization insyd media portrayals den de psychiatric field, wey dey lead to underdiagnosis den insufficient treatment.<ref name="Borderline personality disorder, st">{{cite journal |last1=Aviram |first1=Ron B. |last2=Brodsky |first2=Beth S. |last3=Stanley |first3=Barbara |title=Borderline Personality Disorder, Stigma, and Treatment Implications |journal=Harvard Review of Psychiatry |date=September 2006 |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=249–256 |doi=10.1080/10673220600975121 |pmid=16990170 |quote=The stigmatization of BPD is likely to be a result of several characteristics of the BPD syndrome. [... Pejorative] terms such as "difficult," "treatment resistant," "manipulative," "demanding," and "attention seeking" [are used to describe such individuals. This] can have an impact upon the treater's a priori expectations. [... Such] stigmatization is likely to be a result of several [behaviour characteristics of individuals with BPD, and the fact that] psychotherapy with [them] may involve disturbing and frightening behavior, including intense anger, chronic suicidal ideation, self-injury, and suicide attempts. [... Clinicians, under the stigma, may] see lower levels of [their patient's] functioning as deliberate and within [ones] control, or as manipulation, or as a rejection of help, [and may therefore respond] in unintentially damaging ways, [possibly by withdrawing] physically and emotionally. [...] It has been found that when one person has negative expectations of another, the former changes his or her behavior toward the latter. These interpersonal situations have been described as self-fulfilling prophecies. }}</ref><ref name="EP">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Dixon-Gordon KL, Peters JR, Fertuck EA, Yen S |year=2017 |title=Emotional Processes in Borderline Personality Disorder: An Update for Clinical Practice |journal=[[Journal of Psychotherapy Integration]] |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=425–438 |doi=10.1037/int0000044 |pmc=5842953 |pmid=29527105 |quote=[Clinicians] may hesitate to [provide treatment for BPD patients] due to discomfort working with the high-risk behaviours and intense interpersonal and emotional dysregulation typical of [the disorder. Treatments supported by empirical evidence include Dialectical behavior therapy, Mentalization-based treatment, Transference-focused psychotherapy, Schema-focused therapy, and General Psychiatric Management... On the psychopathology side, it's possible that] emotional reactivity may be [more] pronounced [...] in response to social stressors and in interpersonal and self-conscious emotions (e.g., anger, shame) [...] Emotional vulnerability in BPD may also vary across specific emotions, [to which] sadness, hostility, and fear [are particularly damaging].}}</ref> Causes of BPD be unclear den complex, wey dey implicate genetic, neurological, den psychosocial conditions insyd ein development.<ref name="NIH2016">{{cite web |title=Borderline Personality Disorder |url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322130612/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml |archive-date=22 March 2016 |access-date=16 March 2016 |website=NIMH}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2021-02-12 |title=Causes - Borderline personality disorder |url=https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/causes/ |access-date=2025-12-21 |website=nhs.uk |language=en}}</ref> De current hypothesis dey suggest BPD be caused by an interaction between genetic factors den adverse childhood experiences.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Chapman |first1=Jennifer |title=Borderline Personality Disorder |date=2025 |work=StatPearls |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430883/ |access-date=2025-06-10 |place=Treasure Island, Fla. |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=28613633 |quote=The current hypothesis is that BPD is caused by an interaction between genetic factors and adverse childhood experiences affecting brain development via neuropeptides and hormones. The relative importance of these factors is unclear. |last2=Jamil |first2=Radia T. |last3=Fleisher |first3=Carl |last4=Torrico |first4=Tyler J.}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{cite journal |last1=Leichsenring |first1=Falk |last2=Fonagy |first2=Peter |last3=Heim |first3=Nikolas |last4=Kernberg |first4=Otto F. |last5=Leweke |first5=Frank |last6=Luyten |first6=Patrick |last7=Salzer |first7=Simone |last8=Spitzer |first8=Carsten |last9=Steinert |first9=Christiane |title=Borderline personality disorder: a comprehensive review of diagnosis and clinical presentation, etiology, treatment, and current controversies |journal=World Psychiatry |date=February 2024 |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=4–25 |doi=10.1002/wps.21156 |pmc=10786009 |pmid=38214629 |quote=It is currently hypothesized that, in BPD, genetic factors and adverse childhood experiences interact to influence brain development via hormones and neuropeptides. Adverse childhood experiences are thought to modulate gene expression and lead to stable personality traits that may predispose to BPD. [...] There is familial aggregation of BPD, with recent data from a Swedish population-based study estimating heritability at 46%. The risk of receiving a BPD diagnosis was increased 4.7-fold for full siblings. The hazard ratio in identical twins was 11.5.}}</ref> BPD significantly be more common insyd people plus a family history of BPD, particularly immediate relatives, wey dey suggest genetic predisposition.<ref name=":13" /> Der be a risk of misdiagnosis, wey BPD commonly be confused plus a [[mood disorder]], substance use disorder, anaa oda mental health disorders.<ref name="DSM532" /> Therapeutic interventions predominantly dey involve psychotherapy, plus dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) den schema therapy be de most effective.<ref name="NIH2016" /><ref name="EP" /> Although pharmacotherapy no dey cure BPD, e fi be employed to mitigate symptoms,<ref name="NIH2016" /> plus atypical antipsychotics den [[selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor]] (SSRI) antidepressants commonly prescribed. Dem dey use medications cautiously wey fi get minimal impact on neural function.<ref name=":42">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cattarinussi G, Delvecchio G, Prunas C, Moltrasio C, Brambilla P |date=June 2021 |title=Effects of pharmacological treatments on emotional tasks in borderline personality disorder: A review of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies |journal=Journal of Affective Disorders |volume=288 |pages=50–57 |doi=10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.088 |pmid=33839558}}</ref><ref name="pmid372564842">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pascual JC, Arias L, Soler J |date=31 May 2023 |title=Pharmacological Management of Borderline Personality Disorder and Common Comorbidities |journal=CNS Drugs |volume=37 |issue=6 |pages=489–497 |doi=10.1007/s40263-023-01015-6 |pmc=10276775 |pmid=37256484 |quote=Comorbidity with other mental disorders is common in individuals with BPD [... Despite no drug has been approved specifically for the treatment of BPD,] various medications are routinely prescribed off label [, but] agreement among clinical guidelines [is lacking]. Comorbidity [of] other psychiatric disorders is considered [the] main [reason for the effectiveness of] pharmacological treatment and polypharmacy[. Patients receiving] BPD-specific psychotherapy usually require fewer medications[.]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gerolymos |first=Cyril |last2=Garosi |first2=Alexandra |last3=Boyer |first3=Laurent |last4=Yon |first4=Dong Keon |last5=Rahmati |first5=Masoud |last6=Gavaudan |first6=Mika |last7=Fond |first7=Guillaume |date=2026-02-10 |title=Efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatments in borderline personality disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-026-03451-4 |journal=Molecular Psychiatry |language=en |pages=1–13 |doi=10.1038/s41380-026-03451-4 |issn=1476-5578}}</ref> Despite de high utilization of healthcare resources by people plus BPD,<ref name="Bourke_2018">{{cite journal|vauthors=Bourke J, Murphy A, Flynn D, Kells M, Joyce M, Hurley J|title=Borderline personality disorder: resource utilisation costs in Ireland|journal=Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine|volume=38|issue=3|pages=169–176|date=September 2021|pmid=34465404|doi=10.1017/ipm.2018.30|hdl-access=free|hdl=10468/7005}}</ref> up to half fi show significant improvement over ten years plus appropriate treatment.<ref name="DSM532" /> Estimation of BPD ein prevalence dey vary. Insyd de US, around 1% of de population be diagnosed plus am.<ref name=":5">{{cite journal |last1=Ellison |first1=William D. |last2=Rosenstein |first2=Lia K. |last3=Morgan |first3=Theresa A. |last4=Zimmerman |first4=Mark |title=Community and Clinical Epidemiology of Borderline Personality Disorder |journal=Psychiatric Clinics of North America |date=December 2018 |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=561–573 |doi=10.1016/j.psc.2018.07.008 |pmid=30447724 |quote=BPD tends to be more prevalent in adult women than adult men, [but] this gender split is not apparent among adolescents. [...] BPD has been found to decrease and even remit as individuals age. [...] BPD [has] a point prevalence around 1%. [Prevalence differ between subpopulations, being] substantially higher [for psychiatric population, around 12% for outpatient and 22% for inpatient.] Research also suggests [potential] differences [between] ethnic groups[. Deliberate] self-harm [...] differs among ethnic groups, [with] African-American individuals [reporting] more affective instability and emotion dysregulation, but less suicidal behavior and deliberate self-harm, than White American individuals with the disorder.}}</ref> BPD be more prevalent among adolescents den young adults dan elderly, wey symptoms fi remit plus age.<ref name=":5" /> De term 'borderline' be debated, as e refer to concepts of borderline insanity den patients on de border between [[neurosis]] den [[psychosis]], wich now be considered clinically imprecise.<ref name="NIH2016" /><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gunderson JG|title=Borderline personality disorder: ontogeny of a diagnosis|journal=The American Journal of Psychiatry|volume=166|issue=5|pages=530–539|date=May 2009|pmid=19411380|pmc=3145201|doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08121825}}</ref> == References == <references /> == General bibliography == * {{cite book|author=American Psychiatric Association|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|publisher=American Psychiatric Association|year=2000|isbn=978-0-89042-025-6|edition=4th}} * {{cite book|author=American Psychiatric Association|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing|year=2013|isbn=978-0-89042-555-8|edition=5th}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Chapman AL, Gratz KL|year=2007|title=The Borderline Personality Disorder Survival Guide: Everything You Need to Know About Living with BPD|location=Oakland, CA|publisher=New Harbinger Publications|isbn=978-1-57224-507-5}} * {{cite journal|vauthors=Linehan MM, Comtois KA, Murray AM, Brown MZ, Gallop RJ, Heard HL, Korslund KE, Tutek DA, Reynolds SK, Lindenboim N|date=July 2006|title=Two-year randomized controlled trial and follow-up of dialectical behavior therapy vs therapy by experts for suicidal behaviors and borderline personality disorder|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=63|issue=7|pages=757–66|pmid=16818865|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.63.7.757|doi-access=free}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Linehan M|year=1993|title=Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder|location=New York|publisher=Guilford Press|isbn=978-0-89862-183-9}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Manning S|year=2011|title=Loving Someone with Borderline Personality Disorder|publisher=The Guilford Press|isbn=978-1-59385-607-6}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Millon T|year=1996|title=Disorders of Personality: DSM-IV-TM and Beyond|location=New York|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-01186-6}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Millon T|year=2004|title=Personality Disorders in Modern Life|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-0-471-32355-6}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Millon T, Grossman S, Meagher SE|year=2004|title=Masters of the mind: exploring the story of mental illness from ancient times to the new millennium|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-46985-8}} * {{cite web|vauthors=Millon T|year=2006|title=Personality Subtypes|url=http://millon.net/taxonomy/summary.htm|access-date=1 November 2010|archive-date=4 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101104162306/http://www.millon.net/taxonomy/summary.htm|url-status=dead|website=Institute for Advanced Studies in Personology and Psychopathology|publisher=Dicandrien, Inc.}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|publisher=National Institute of Mental Health|title=Borderline personality disorder}} * [https://www.bpdfamily.com/content/borderline-personality-disorder APA DSM 5 Definition of Borderline personality disorder] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250421180239/https://div12.org/psychological-treatments/disorders/borderline-personality-disorder/ APA Division 12 treatment page for Borderline personality disorder] * [https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en#2006821354 ICD-11 definition of Personality disorder, Borderline pattern by the World Health Organization] * [https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/overview/ NHS] * {{cite web|url=https://borderlinesupport.org.uk|title=Borderline Support UK}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Borderline personality disorder}} [[Category:Borderline personality disorder| ]] [[Category:Cluster B personality disorders]] [[Category:Women den psychology]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] i8kuffiazhpa7ol1jn6cyg0o0itm5ah 97446 97445 2026-04-30T17:42:28Z DaSupremo 9 /* External links */ Improve article 97446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Borderline personality disorder''' ('''BPD'''), dem sanso know am as '''emotionally unstable personality disorder''' ('''EUPD'''), be a mental illness wey be characterized by a long-term pattern of unstable relationships, distorted sense of self, den strong emotional reactions.<ref name=":0">American Psychiatric Association 2013, pp. [[iarchive:diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/645|645, 663–6]]</ref><ref name="NIH20163">{{cite web|title=Borderline Personality Disorder|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322130612/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|archive-date=22 March 2016|access-date=16 March 2016|website=NIMH}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Chapman AL|title=Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation|journal=Development and Psychopathology|volume=31|issue=3|pages=1143–1156|date=August 2019|pmid=31169118|doi=10.1017/S0954579419000658|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0954579419000658/type/journal_article|url-status=live|publisher=Cambridge University Press|s2cid=174813414|access-date=5 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204232023/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/development-and-psychopathology/article/abs/borderline-personality-disorder-and-emotion-dysregulation/EA2CB1C041307A34392F49279C107987|archive-date=4 December 2020|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Individuals often dey engage insyd self-harm den oda dangerous behavior.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bozzatello P, Rocca P, Baldassarri L, Bosia M, Bellino S|title=The Role of Trauma in Early Onset Borderline Personality Disorder: A Biopsychosocial Perspective|journal=Frontiers in Psychiatry|volume=12|pages=721361|date=23 September 2021|pmid=34630181|pmc=8495240|doi=10.3389/fpsyt.2021.721361|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Cattane N, Rossi R, Lanfredi M, Cattaneo A|title=Borderline personality disorder and childhood trauma: exploring the affected biological systems and mechanisms|journal=BMC Psychiatry|volume=17|issue=1|pages=221|date=June 2017|pmid=28619017|pmc=5472954|doi=10.1186/s12888-017-1383-2|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=December 2017|title=Borderline Personality Disorder|url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|access-date=25 February 2021|publisher=The National Institute of Mental Health|quote=Other signs or symptoms may include: [...] Impulsive and often dangerous behaviors [...] Self-harming behavior [...]. Borderline personality disorder is also associated with a significantly higher rate of self-harm and suicidal behavior than the general public.|archive-date=29 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329213453/http://nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> Those wey be affected sanso fi struggle plus a feeling of emptiness, fear of abandonment, den detachment from reality. Symptoms fi be triggered by events dem consider normal to odas.<ref name="NIH20163" /> De behavior typically dey begin by early adulthood den dey occur across a variety of situations.<ref name=":0" /> Substance abuse,<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Helle AC, Watts AL, Trull TJ, Sher KJ|title=Alcohol Use Disorder and Antisocial and Borderline Personality Disorders|journal=Alcohol Research: Current Reviews|volume=40|issue=1|pages=arcr.v40.1.05|year=2019|pmid=31886107|pmc=6927749|doi=10.35946/arcr.v40.1.05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Trull|first1=Timothy J.|last2=Freeman|first2=Lindsey K.|last3=Vebares|first3=Tayler J.|last4=Choate|first4=Alexandria M.|last5=Helle|first5=Ashley C.|last6=Wycoff|first6=Andrea M.|date=19 September 2018|title=Borderline personality disorder and substance use disorders: an updated review|journal=Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|page=15|doi=10.1186/s40479-018-0093-9|doi-access=free|pmid=30250740|pmc=6145127|issn=2051-6673}}</ref> depression, den eating disorders<ref name="NIH20163" /> be commonly associated plus BPD. Approximately 10% of people wey be affected die by suicide.<ref name="Kreisman J, Strauss H 2004">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/sometimesiactcra00jero|title=Sometimes I Act Crazy. Living With Borderline Personality Disorder|vauthors=Kreisman J, Strauss H|publisher=Wiley & Sons|year=2004|isbn=978-0-471-22286-6|url-access=registration|page=206}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kaurin|first1=Aleksandra|last2=Dombrovski|first2=Alexandre|last3=Hallquist|first3=Michael|last4=Wright|first4=Aidan|date=2020-12-10|title=Momentary Interpersonal Processes of Suicidal Surges in Borderline Personality Disorder|journal=Psychological Medicine|volume=52|issue=13|pages=2702–2712|doi=10.1017/S0033291720004791|pmid=33298227|quote=People diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are at high risk of dying by suicide: almost all report chronic suicidal ideation, 84% of patients with BPD engage in suicidal behavior, 70% attempt suicide, with a mean of 3.4 lifetime attempts per individual, and 5–10% die by suicide (Black et al., 2004; McGirr et al., 2007; Soloff et al., 1994).|pmc=8190164}}</ref> Onset of symptoms fi be triggered by events odas perceive as normal,<ref name="NIH20163" /> plus de disorder typically dey manifest insyd early adulthood den dey persist across diverse contexts.<ref name="DSM532">{{harvnb|American Psychiatric Association|2013|pages=[https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/645 645, 663–6]}}</ref> BPD often be comorbid plus substance use disorders,<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Helle AC, Watts AL, Trull TJ, Sher KJ|title=Alcohol Use Disorder and Antisocial and Borderline Personality Disorders|journal=Alcohol Research: Current Reviews|volume=40|issue=1|article-number=arcr.v40.1.05|year=2019|pmid=31886107|pmc=6927749|doi=10.35946/arcr.v40.1.05}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trull |first1=Timothy J. |last2=Freeman |first2=Lindsey K. |last3=Vebares |first3=Tayler J. |last4=Choate |first4=Alexandria M. |last5=Helle |first5=Ashley C. |last6=Wycoff |first6=Andrea M. |title=Borderline personality disorder and substance use disorders: an updated review |journal=Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation |date=December 2018 |volume=5 |issue=1 |doi=10.1186/s40479-018-0093-9 |pmid=30250740 |doi-access=free |pmc=6145127 }}</ref> depressive disorders, den [[eating disorder]]s.<ref name="NIH20163" /> Studies dey estimate up to 10 percent of people plus BPD die by [[suicide]].<ref name="Kreisman J, Strauss H 2004">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/sometimesiactcra00jero|title=Sometimes I Act Crazy. Living With Borderline Personality Disorder|vauthors=Kreisman J, Strauss H|publisher=Wiley & Sons|year=2004|isbn=978-0-471-22286-6|url-access=registration|page=206}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kaurin|first1=Aleksandra|last2=Dombrovski|first2=Alexandre|last3=Hallquist|first3=Michael|last4=Wright|first4=Aidan|date=2020-12-10|title=Momentary Interpersonal Processes of Suicidal Surges in Borderline Personality Disorder|journal=[[Psychological Medicine]]|volume=52|issue=13|pages=2702–2712|doi=10.1017/S0033291720004791|pmid=33298227|quote=People diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are at high risk of dying by suicide: almost all report chronic suicidal ideation, 84% of patients with BPD engage in suicidal behavior, 70% attempt suicide, with a mean of 3.4 lifetime attempts per individual, and 5–10% die by suicide (Black et al., 2004; McGirr et al., 2007; Soloff et al., 1994).|pmc=8190164}}</ref> BPD dey face significant stigmatization insyd media portrayals den de psychiatric field, wey dey lead to underdiagnosis den insufficient treatment.<ref name="Borderline personality disorder, st">{{cite journal |last1=Aviram |first1=Ron B. |last2=Brodsky |first2=Beth S. |last3=Stanley |first3=Barbara |title=Borderline Personality Disorder, Stigma, and Treatment Implications |journal=Harvard Review of Psychiatry |date=September 2006 |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=249–256 |doi=10.1080/10673220600975121 |pmid=16990170 |quote=The stigmatization of BPD is likely to be a result of several characteristics of the BPD syndrome. [... Pejorative] terms such as "difficult," "treatment resistant," "manipulative," "demanding," and "attention seeking" [are used to describe such individuals. This] can have an impact upon the treater's a priori expectations. [... Such] stigmatization is likely to be a result of several [behaviour characteristics of individuals with BPD, and the fact that] psychotherapy with [them] may involve disturbing and frightening behavior, including intense anger, chronic suicidal ideation, self-injury, and suicide attempts. [... Clinicians, under the stigma, may] see lower levels of [their patient's] functioning as deliberate and within [ones] control, or as manipulation, or as a rejection of help, [and may therefore respond] in unintentially damaging ways, [possibly by withdrawing] physically and emotionally. [...] It has been found that when one person has negative expectations of another, the former changes his or her behavior toward the latter. These interpersonal situations have been described as self-fulfilling prophecies. }}</ref><ref name="EP">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Dixon-Gordon KL, Peters JR, Fertuck EA, Yen S |year=2017 |title=Emotional Processes in Borderline Personality Disorder: An Update for Clinical Practice |journal=[[Journal of Psychotherapy Integration]] |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=425–438 |doi=10.1037/int0000044 |pmc=5842953 |pmid=29527105 |quote=[Clinicians] may hesitate to [provide treatment for BPD patients] due to discomfort working with the high-risk behaviours and intense interpersonal and emotional dysregulation typical of [the disorder. Treatments supported by empirical evidence include Dialectical behavior therapy, Mentalization-based treatment, Transference-focused psychotherapy, Schema-focused therapy, and General Psychiatric Management... On the psychopathology side, it's possible that] emotional reactivity may be [more] pronounced [...] in response to social stressors and in interpersonal and self-conscious emotions (e.g., anger, shame) [...] Emotional vulnerability in BPD may also vary across specific emotions, [to which] sadness, hostility, and fear [are particularly damaging].}}</ref> Causes of BPD be unclear den complex, wey dey implicate genetic, neurological, den psychosocial conditions insyd ein development.<ref name="NIH2016">{{cite web |title=Borderline Personality Disorder |url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322130612/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml |archive-date=22 March 2016 |access-date=16 March 2016 |website=NIMH}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2021-02-12 |title=Causes - Borderline personality disorder |url=https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/causes/ |access-date=2025-12-21 |website=nhs.uk |language=en}}</ref> De current hypothesis dey suggest BPD be caused by an interaction between genetic factors den adverse childhood experiences.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Chapman |first1=Jennifer |title=Borderline Personality Disorder |date=2025 |work=StatPearls |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430883/ |access-date=2025-06-10 |place=Treasure Island, Fla. |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=28613633 |quote=The current hypothesis is that BPD is caused by an interaction between genetic factors and adverse childhood experiences affecting brain development via neuropeptides and hormones. The relative importance of these factors is unclear. |last2=Jamil |first2=Radia T. |last3=Fleisher |first3=Carl |last4=Torrico |first4=Tyler J.}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{cite journal |last1=Leichsenring |first1=Falk |last2=Fonagy |first2=Peter |last3=Heim |first3=Nikolas |last4=Kernberg |first4=Otto F. |last5=Leweke |first5=Frank |last6=Luyten |first6=Patrick |last7=Salzer |first7=Simone |last8=Spitzer |first8=Carsten |last9=Steinert |first9=Christiane |title=Borderline personality disorder: a comprehensive review of diagnosis and clinical presentation, etiology, treatment, and current controversies |journal=World Psychiatry |date=February 2024 |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=4–25 |doi=10.1002/wps.21156 |pmc=10786009 |pmid=38214629 |quote=It is currently hypothesized that, in BPD, genetic factors and adverse childhood experiences interact to influence brain development via hormones and neuropeptides. Adverse childhood experiences are thought to modulate gene expression and lead to stable personality traits that may predispose to BPD. [...] There is familial aggregation of BPD, with recent data from a Swedish population-based study estimating heritability at 46%. The risk of receiving a BPD diagnosis was increased 4.7-fold for full siblings. The hazard ratio in identical twins was 11.5.}}</ref> BPD significantly be more common insyd people plus a family history of BPD, particularly immediate relatives, wey dey suggest genetic predisposition.<ref name=":13" /> Der be a risk of misdiagnosis, wey BPD commonly be confused plus a [[mood disorder]], substance use disorder, anaa oda mental health disorders.<ref name="DSM532" /> Therapeutic interventions predominantly dey involve psychotherapy, plus dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) den schema therapy be de most effective.<ref name="NIH2016" /><ref name="EP" /> Although pharmacotherapy no dey cure BPD, e fi be employed to mitigate symptoms,<ref name="NIH2016" /> plus atypical antipsychotics den [[selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor]] (SSRI) antidepressants commonly prescribed. Dem dey use medications cautiously wey fi get minimal impact on neural function.<ref name=":42">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cattarinussi G, Delvecchio G, Prunas C, Moltrasio C, Brambilla P |date=June 2021 |title=Effects of pharmacological treatments on emotional tasks in borderline personality disorder: A review of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies |journal=Journal of Affective Disorders |volume=288 |pages=50–57 |doi=10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.088 |pmid=33839558}}</ref><ref name="pmid372564842">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pascual JC, Arias L, Soler J |date=31 May 2023 |title=Pharmacological Management of Borderline Personality Disorder and Common Comorbidities |journal=CNS Drugs |volume=37 |issue=6 |pages=489–497 |doi=10.1007/s40263-023-01015-6 |pmc=10276775 |pmid=37256484 |quote=Comorbidity with other mental disorders is common in individuals with BPD [... Despite no drug has been approved specifically for the treatment of BPD,] various medications are routinely prescribed off label [, but] agreement among clinical guidelines [is lacking]. Comorbidity [of] other psychiatric disorders is considered [the] main [reason for the effectiveness of] pharmacological treatment and polypharmacy[. Patients receiving] BPD-specific psychotherapy usually require fewer medications[.]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gerolymos |first=Cyril |last2=Garosi |first2=Alexandra |last3=Boyer |first3=Laurent |last4=Yon |first4=Dong Keon |last5=Rahmati |first5=Masoud |last6=Gavaudan |first6=Mika |last7=Fond |first7=Guillaume |date=2026-02-10 |title=Efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatments in borderline personality disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-026-03451-4 |journal=Molecular Psychiatry |language=en |pages=1–13 |doi=10.1038/s41380-026-03451-4 |issn=1476-5578}}</ref> Despite de high utilization of healthcare resources by people plus BPD,<ref name="Bourke_2018">{{cite journal|vauthors=Bourke J, Murphy A, Flynn D, Kells M, Joyce M, Hurley J|title=Borderline personality disorder: resource utilisation costs in Ireland|journal=Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine|volume=38|issue=3|pages=169–176|date=September 2021|pmid=34465404|doi=10.1017/ipm.2018.30|hdl-access=free|hdl=10468/7005}}</ref> up to half fi show significant improvement over ten years plus appropriate treatment.<ref name="DSM532" /> Estimation of BPD ein prevalence dey vary. Insyd de US, around 1% of de population be diagnosed plus am.<ref name=":5">{{cite journal |last1=Ellison |first1=William D. |last2=Rosenstein |first2=Lia K. |last3=Morgan |first3=Theresa A. |last4=Zimmerman |first4=Mark |title=Community and Clinical Epidemiology of Borderline Personality Disorder |journal=Psychiatric Clinics of North America |date=December 2018 |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=561–573 |doi=10.1016/j.psc.2018.07.008 |pmid=30447724 |quote=BPD tends to be more prevalent in adult women than adult men, [but] this gender split is not apparent among adolescents. [...] BPD has been found to decrease and even remit as individuals age. [...] BPD [has] a point prevalence around 1%. [Prevalence differ between subpopulations, being] substantially higher [for psychiatric population, around 12% for outpatient and 22% for inpatient.] Research also suggests [potential] differences [between] ethnic groups[. Deliberate] self-harm [...] differs among ethnic groups, [with] African-American individuals [reporting] more affective instability and emotion dysregulation, but less suicidal behavior and deliberate self-harm, than White American individuals with the disorder.}}</ref> BPD be more prevalent among adolescents den young adults dan elderly, wey symptoms fi remit plus age.<ref name=":5" /> De term 'borderline' be debated, as e refer to concepts of borderline insanity den patients on de border between [[neurosis]] den [[psychosis]], wich now be considered clinically imprecise.<ref name="NIH2016" /><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gunderson JG|title=Borderline personality disorder: ontogeny of a diagnosis|journal=The American Journal of Psychiatry|volume=166|issue=5|pages=530–539|date=May 2009|pmid=19411380|pmc=3145201|doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08121825}}</ref> == References == <references /> == General bibliography == * {{cite book|author=American Psychiatric Association|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|publisher=American Psychiatric Association|year=2000|isbn=978-0-89042-025-6|edition=4th}} * {{cite book|author=American Psychiatric Association|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing|year=2013|isbn=978-0-89042-555-8|edition=5th}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Chapman AL, Gratz KL|year=2007|title=The Borderline Personality Disorder Survival Guide: Everything You Need to Know About Living with BPD|location=Oakland, CA|publisher=New Harbinger Publications|isbn=978-1-57224-507-5}} * {{cite journal|vauthors=Linehan MM, Comtois KA, Murray AM, Brown MZ, Gallop RJ, Heard HL, Korslund KE, Tutek DA, Reynolds SK, Lindenboim N|date=July 2006|title=Two-year randomized controlled trial and follow-up of dialectical behavior therapy vs therapy by experts for suicidal behaviors and borderline personality disorder|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=63|issue=7|pages=757–66|pmid=16818865|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.63.7.757|doi-access=free}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Linehan M|year=1993|title=Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder|location=New York|publisher=Guilford Press|isbn=978-0-89862-183-9}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Manning S|year=2011|title=Loving Someone with Borderline Personality Disorder|publisher=The Guilford Press|isbn=978-1-59385-607-6}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Millon T|year=1996|title=Disorders of Personality: DSM-IV-TM and Beyond|location=New York|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-01186-6}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Millon T|year=2004|title=Personality Disorders in Modern Life|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-0-471-32355-6}} * {{cite book|vauthors=Millon T, Grossman S, Meagher SE|year=2004|title=Masters of the mind: exploring the story of mental illness from ancient times to the new millennium|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-46985-8}} * {{cite web|vauthors=Millon T|year=2006|title=Personality Subtypes|url=http://millon.net/taxonomy/summary.htm|access-date=1 November 2010|archive-date=4 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101104162306/http://www.millon.net/taxonomy/summary.htm|url-status=dead|website=Institute for Advanced Studies in Personology and Psychopathology|publisher=Dicandrien, Inc.}} == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q208166|c=Category:Borderline personality disorder|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder|publisher=[[National Institute of Mental Health]]|title=Borderline personality disorder}} * [https://www.bpdfamily.com/content/borderline-personality-disorder APA DSM 5 Definition of Borderline personality disorder] * [https://div12.org/psychological-treatments/disorders/borderline-personality-disorder/ APA Division 12 treatment page for Borderline personality disorder] * [https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdf/10.1176/appi.focus.11.2.189 Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders] (with AMPD definition of BPD) * [https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en#2006821354 ICD-11 definition of Personality disorder, Borderline pattern by the World Health Organization] * [https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/overview/ NHS] * {{cite web|url=https://borderlinesupport.org.uk|title=Borderline Support UK}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Borderline personality disorder}} [[Category:Borderline personality disorder| ]] [[Category:Cluster B personality disorders]] [[Category:Women den psychology]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] pjk8n85367epeulo5rhruroial6bnvh COVID-19 0 15294 97415 57594 2026-04-30T12:22:39Z Yaw tuba 7 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1485142|COVID-19]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 97415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Coronavirus disease 2019<br />(COVID-19)|synonym=COVID, Covid, (the) coronavirus|image=Fphar-11-00937-g001.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption={{longitem|Transmission and life-cycle of [[SARS-CoV-2]] causing COVID-19.}}|pronounce={{ubl|{{IPAc-en|k|ə|ˈ|r|oʊ|n|ə|ˌ|v|aɪ|r|ə|s|_|d|ɪ|ˈ|z|i:|z}}|{{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|oʊ|v|ɪ|d|n|aɪ|n|ˈ|t|iː|n|,_|ˌ|k|ɒ|v|ɪ|d|-}}<ref>{{cite OED |Covid-19 |id=88575495 |date=April 2020 |access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref>}}|specialty=[[Infectious diseases (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]]|symptoms=Fever, cough, [[shortness of breath]], tiredness, loss of smell;<ref name=CDC2022Sym/> some are asymptomatic<ref name=Ma2021/>|onset=2–14 days (typically 5) from infection<ref name=CDC2022Sym/><ref name=WHO2021Q&AMay/>|duration=|causes=[[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]] (SARS-CoV-2)<ref name=WHO2021Q&AMay/>|risks=|diagnosis=[[Rapid antigen test]], [[Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction|PCR test]]<ref name=WHO2021Q&AMay/>|differential=|prevention=[[social distancing|Physical distancing]], [[Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic|face mask]]s, [[ventilation]], [[quarantine]], [[COVID-19 vaccine|vaccination]]<ref name=WHO2021Q&AMay/><ref name=CDC2022Quar/><ref name=CDC2022Prev/>|treatment=[[Management of COVID-19|Supportive and symptomatic]]<ref name=NIH2022Tx/>|medication='''Non-hospitalized''': [[Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir]], [[remdesivir]], [[molnupiravir]]<ref name=BMJ2025/><ref name=NIH2022Tx/><br>'''Severe''': [[Oxygen therapy]], [[dexamethasone]], [[remdesivir]]<ref name=NIH2022Tx/><br>'''Critical care''': [[Tocilizumab]], [[sarilumab]]<ref name=NIH2022Tx/>|prognosis=20% require hospitalization<ref name=WHO2021Q&AMay/>|frequency={{Cases in the COVID-19 pandemic|confirmed|editlink=|ref=yes}}|deaths=~20 million (as of Dec 31, 2021)<ref name=Lancet2022Death/>}}{{COVID-19 pandemic sidebar}} '''Coronavirus disease 2019''' ('''COVID-19''') be contagious disease wey severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) dey cause am.<ref name="WHO2021Q&AMay">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19|website=www.who.int|access-date=19 January 2022|language=en|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331131108/https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|url-status=live}}</ref> Ein Symptoms often dey include fever, cough, breathing difficulties, tiredness, headache, loss of smell den taste, sore throat, vomiting, den diarrhea.<ref name="CDC2022Sym">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) – Symptoms|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=19 January 2022|language=en-us|date=22 February 2021|archive-date=30 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130202038/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/symptoms.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Onset ebe usually two to fourteen days after exposure to de virus.<ref name="CDC2022Sym" /> Sam menners; however, no dey develop symptoms.<ref name="Ma2021">{{Cite journal|last=Ma|first=Q|last2=Liu|first2=J|last3=Liu|first3=Q|last4=Kang|first4=L|last5=Liu|first5=R|last6=Jing|first6=W|last7=Wu|first7=Y|last8=Liu|first8=M|title=Global Percentage of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among the Tested Population and Individuals With Confirmed COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.|journal=JAMA network open|date=1 December 2021|volume=4|issue=12|pages=e2137257|doi=10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.37257|pmid=34905008}}</ref> Spread dey occur mainly if infected person get close contact plus anoda person.<ref name="CDC2021Spread" /> Dis go fi happen by either airborne transmission anaa small droplets wey dey contain de virus.<ref name="WHO2021Air">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): How is it transmitted?|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-how-is-it-transmitted|access-date=6 December 2020|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|archive-date=15 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015230546/https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-how-is-it-transmitted|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="EU2020">{{Cite web|title=Transmission of COVID-19|url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/latest-evidence/transmission|access-date=6 December 2020|website=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control|archive-date=14 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200914150241/https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/latest-evidence/transmission|url-status=live}}</ref> Less commonly, de virus go fi spread via contaminated surfaces.<ref name="CDC2021Spread">{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 and Your Health|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/how-covid-spreads.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=19 January 2022|language=en-us|date=14 July 2021|archive-date=3 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403001235/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prepare/transmission.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Menners go fi transmit de virus two days before ego show symptoms, wey generally edey remain infectious for up to 10 days, though menners plus severe disease go fi be infectious longer.<ref name="WHO2021Air" /><ref name="CDC2022Infectious">{{Cite web|title=Healthcare Workers|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/duration-isolation.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=19 January 2022|language=en-us|date=11 February 2020|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606190101/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/strategy-discontinue-isolation.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Diagnosis be generally by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) anaa rapid antigen test from nose anaa throat swab.<ref name="WHO2021Q&AMay" /> Preventive measures include physical distancing, use of a high quality face mask, ventilation of indoor spaces, and quarantine.<ref name="WHO2021Q&AMay" /><ref name="CDC2022Quar">{{Cite web|title=Quarantine & Isolation|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/quarantine-isolation.html#anchor_1633109391123|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=19 January 2022|language=en-us|date=9 January 2022|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117073102/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/quarantine-isolation.html#anchor_1633109391123|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis.|journal=BMJ (Clinical research ed.)|date=3 December 2021|volume=375|pages=n2997|doi=10.1136/bmj.n2997|pmid=34862160}}</ref> Several vaccines also decrease the risk.<ref name="CDC2022Prev">{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 and Your Health|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/index.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=19 January 2022|language=en-us|date=11 February 2020|archive-date=28 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228103252/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/index.html/|url-status=live}}</ref> Much of treatment is symptomatic and supportive.<ref name="NIH2022Tx" /> In those who do not require hospitalization, but are at high risk, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, remdesivir, or molnupiravir may be used.<ref name="BMJ2025">{{Cite journal|last=Ibrahim|first=S|last2=Siemieniuk|first2=RAC|last3=Oliveros|first3=MJ|last4=Islam|first4=N|last5=Díaz Martinez|first5=JP|last6=Izcovich|first6=A|last7=Qasim|first7=A|last8=Zhao|first8=Y|last9=Zaror|first9=C|last10=Yao|first10=L|last11=Wang|first11=Y|last12=Vandvik|first12=PO|last13=Roldan|first13=Y|last14=Rochwerg|first14=B|last15=Rada|first15=G|title=Drug treatments for mild or moderate covid-19: systematic review and network meta-analysis.|journal=BMJ (Clinical research ed.)|date=29 May 2025|volume=389|pages=e081165|doi=10.1136/bmj-2024-081165|pmid=40441732}}</ref><ref name="NIH2022Tx" /> For those who require oxygen therapy, dexamethasone and remdesivir may be used.<ref name="NIH2022Tx" /> For those who required critical care tocilizumab or sarilumab may be added.<ref name="NIH2022Tx">{{Cite web|title=Clinical Management Summary|url=https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/management/clinical-management/clinical-management-summary/|website=COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines|access-date=19 January 2022|language=en|archive-date=5 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105152002/https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/management/clinical-management/clinical-management-summary/|url-status=live}}</ref> Of those people who develop symptoms, around 80% recover without needing hospitalization, 15% require oxygen therapy, and 5% require intensive care.<ref name="WHO2021Q&AMay" /> Older people and those with other health problems are at a higher risk.<ref name="WHO2021Q&AMay" /> While most get better after a few weeks, some continue to experience a range of effects (long COVID) for months.<ref name="CDC2021SeptLongCov">{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 and Your Health|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects/index.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=19 January 2022|language=en-us|date=11 February 2020|archive-date=14 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114190825/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> As of {{Template:Date}}, at least {{Cases in the COVID-19 pandemic|conround|editlink=|ref=no}} cases have been confirmed, which has resulted in more than {{Cases in the COVID-19 pandemic|dround|editlink=|ref=no}} deaths.{{Cases in the COVID-19 pandemic|ref=yes}} The actual number of deaths was; however, estimated at nearly 20 million as of December 31st 2021.<ref name="Lancet2022Death">{{Cite journal|last=Wang|first=Haidong|last2=Paulson|first2=Katherine R|last3=Pease|first3=Spencer A|last4=Watson|first4=Stefanie|last5=Comfort|first5=Haley|last6=Zheng|first6=Peng|last7=Aravkin|first7=Aleksandr Y|last8=Bisignano|first8=Catherine|last9=Barber|first9=Ryan M|last10=Alam|first10=Tahiya|last11=Fuller|first11=John E|last12=May|first12=Erin A|last13=Jones|first13=Darwin Phan|last14=Frisch|first14=Meghan E|last15=Abbafati|first15=Cristiana|title=Estimating excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis of COVID-19-related mortality, 2020–21|journal=The Lancet|date=April 2022|volume=399|issue=10334|pages=1513–1536|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02796-3}}</ref> The first known case was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The disease has since spread worldwide, leading to an ongoing pandemic. == References == <references /> [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] hpumlisyoy1tmvwz59frpakawt03wv2 97416 97415 2026-04-30T12:23:34Z Yaw tuba 7 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/97415|97415]] by [[Special:Contributions/Yaw tuba|Yaw tuba]] ([[User talk:Yaw tuba|talk]]) 97416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Coronavirus disease 2019''' ('''COVID-19''', dem sanso know am as SARS-2) be a contagious disease wey be caused by de coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Insyd January 2020, na de disease spread worldwide, wey result in de COVID-19 pandemic. De symptoms of COVID‑19 fi vary buh often dey include fever,<ref>Islam MA (April 2021). [[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0249788|"Prevalence and characteristics of fever in adult and paediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of 17515 patients"]]. ''PLOS ONE''. '''16''' (4): e0249788. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021PLoSO..1649788I 2021PLoSO..1649788I]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0249788|10.1371/journal.pone.0249788]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8023501 8023501]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33822812 33822812].</ref> fatigue, cough, breathing difficulties, loss of smell, den loss of taste.<ref>Saniasiaya J, Islam MA (April 2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7753439 "Prevalence of Olfactory Dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Meta-analysis of 27,492 Patients"]. ''The Laryngoscope''. '''131''' (4): 865–878. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/lary.29286|10.1002/lary.29286]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0023-852X 0023-852X]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7753439 7753439]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33219539 33219539].</ref><ref>Saniasiaya J, Islam MA (November 2020). [http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/185167818/COVID_19_and_taste_disorders_V1.pdf "Prevalence and Characteristics of Taste Disorders in Cases of COVID-19: A Meta-analysis of 29,349 Patients"] (PDF). ''Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery''. '''165''' (1): 33–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1177/0194599820981018|10.1177/0194599820981018]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33320033 33320033]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:229174644 229174644].</ref><ref>Agyeman AA, Chin KL, Landersdorfer CB, Liew D, Ofori-Asenso R (August 2020). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7275152 "Smell and Taste Dysfunction in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"]. ''Mayo Clin. Proc''. '''95''' (8): 1621–1631. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.030|10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.030]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7275152 7275152]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32753137 32753137].</ref> Symptoms fi begin one to fourteen days after exposure to de virus. At least a third of people wey be infected no dey develop noticeable symptoms.<ref>Wang B, Andraweera P, Elliott S, Mohammed H, Lassi Z, Twigger A, et&nbsp;al. (March 2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9935239 "Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Age: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"]. ''The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal''. '''42''' (3): 232–239. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000003791|10.1097/INF.0000000000003791]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9935239 9935239]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36730054 36730054].</ref><ref>Oran DP, Topol EJ (January 2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7839426 "The Proportion of SARS-CoV-2 Infections That Are Asymptomatic: A Systematic Review"]. ''Annals of Internal Medicine''. '''174''' (5): M20-6976. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.7326/M20-6976|10.7326/M20-6976]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7839426 7839426]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33481642 33481642].</ref> Of those wey develop symptoms noticeable enough make dem be classified as patients, chaw (81%) dey develop mild to moderate symptoms (up to mild pneumonia), while 14% dey develop severe symptoms (dyspnea, hypoxia, anaa more dan 50% lung involvement on imaging), den 5% dey develop critical symptoms (respiratory failure, shock, anaa multiorgan dysfunction).<ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-guidance-management-patients.html "Interim Clinical Guidance for Management of Patients with Confirmed Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)"]. ''U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)''. 6 April 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200302201644/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-guidance-management-patients.html Archived] from the original on 2 March 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2020.</ref> Older people get a higher risk of dem dey develop severe symptoms. Sam complications dey result in death. Sam people continue dey experience a range of effects (long COVID) for months anaa years after infection, wey na dem observe damage.<ref>Davis HE, McCorkell L, Vogel JM, Topol EJ (March 2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9839201 "Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations"]. ''Nature Reviews. Microbiology''. '''21''' (3): 133–146. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/s41579-022-00846-2|10.1038/s41579-022-00846-2]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9839201 9839201]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36639608 36639608].</ref> Multi-year studies for de long-term effects dey go on.<ref>CDC (11 February 2020). [https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects.html "Post-COVID Conditions"]. ''U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)''. Retrieved 12 July 2021.</ref> Testing methods for COVID-19 make dem detect de virus ein nucleic acid dey include real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‑PCR),<ref name="CDC testing">[https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/testing-overview.html "Overview of Testing for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19"]. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 11 February 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2022.</ref><ref name="CDC NAATs">[https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/naats.html "Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs)"]. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 11 February 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2022.</ref> transcription-mediated amplification,<ref name="CDC testing" /><ref name="CDC NAATs" /><ref>Gorzalski AJ, Tian H, Laverdure C, Morzunov S, Verma SC, VanHooser S, et al. (August 2020). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7286273 "High-Throughput Transcription-mediated amplification on the Hologic Panther is a highly sensitive method of detection for SARS-CoV-2"]. ''Journal of Clinical Virology''. '''129''': 104501. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104501|10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104501]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7286273 7286273]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32619959 32619959].</ref> den reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT‑LAMP)<ref name="CDC testing" /><ref name="CDC NAATs" /> from a nasopharyngeal swab.<ref>Li C, Zhao C, Bao J, Tang B, Wang Y, Gu B (November 2020). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7329657 "Laboratory diagnosis of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)"]. ''Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry''. '''510''': 35–46. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.cca.2020.06.045|10.1016/j.cca.2020.06.045]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7329657 7329657]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32621814 32621814].</ref> ==References== <references /> == Read further == * [[doi:10.1038/D41586-020-02414-1|"Progress report on the coronavirus pandemic"]]. ''Nature''. '''584''' (7821): 325. 1 August 2020. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/D41586-020-02414-1|10.1038/D41586-020-02414-1]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687 1476-4687]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32814893 32814893]. Wikidata [[wikidata:Q98568681|Q98568681]]. * [https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/covid-19-infection-prevention-and-control-primary-care COVID-19 infection prevention and control measures for primary care, including general practitioner practices, dental clinics and pharmacy settings: first update]. ''European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)'' (Report). October 2020. * Erola Pairo-Castineira, Sara Clohisey, Lucija Klarić, Andrew Bretherick, Konrad Rawlik, Dorota Pasko, et al. (11 December 2020). [[doi:10.1038/S41586-020-03065-Y|"Genetic mechanisms of critical illness in Covid-19"]]. ''Nature''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/S41586-020-03065-Y|10.1038/S41586-020-03065-Y]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687 1476-4687]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33307546 33307546]. Wikidata [[wikidata:Q104287299|Q104287299]]. [[d:Wikidata:Scholia|Scholia]] [[:toolforge:scholia/work/Q104287299|Q104287299]]. == External links == {{Sister project links}} === Health agencies === * [https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID‑19)] [https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters Facts] by de World Health Organization (WHO) * [https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/ Coronavirus (COVID‑19)] by de UK National Health Service (NHS) * [https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)] by de US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) === Directories === * [https://centerforinquiry.org/coronavirus/ Coronavirus Resource Center] at de Center for Inquiry * [https://www.firemountain.net/covid19.html COVID‑19 Information on FireMountain.net] [https://web.archive.org/web/20220113160833/http://firemountain.net/covid19.html Archived] 13 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine * [https://openmd.com/directory/covid-19 COVID‑19 Resource Directory on OpenMD] === Medical journals === * [https://www.bmj.com/coronavirus BMJ's Coronavirus (covid‑19) Hub] by de BMJ * [https://www.nejm.org/coronavirus Coronavirus (Covid‑19)] by ''The New England Journal of Medicine'' * [https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/campaigns/coronavirus Coronavirus (COVID‑19) Research Highlights] by Springer Nature * [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/pages/coronavirus-alert Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19)] by ''JAMA'' * [https://www.thelancet.com/coronavirus COVID‑19 Resource Centre] by ''The Lancet'' * [https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ Covid‑19: Novel Coronavirus] [https://web.archive.org/web/20200924195411/https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ Archived] 24 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine by Wiley Publishing * [https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center Novel Coronavirus Information Center] by Elsevier === Treatment guidelines === * [https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/physical_medicine_rehabilitation/coronavirus-rehabilitation/_files/impact-of-covid-patient-recovery.pdf "Bouncing Back From COVID-19: Your Guide to Restoring Movement"] (PDF). ''Johns Hopkins Medicine''. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210506203613/https://files.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/guidelines/covid19treatmentguidelines.pdf "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines"] (PDF). ''National Institutes of Health''. * [https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/covid-19-guideline-treatment-and-management/ "Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19"]. ''Infectious Diseases Society of America''. * [https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/ub?cmd=repview&type=479-1279&name=40_538747_PDF "JHMI Clinical Recommendations for Available Pharmacologic Therapies for COVID-19"] (PDF). Johns Hopkins Medicine. * NHS England and NHS Improvement. [https://www.england.nhs.uk/coronavirus/publication/national-guidance-for-post-covid-syndrome-assessment-clinics/ National Guidance for post-COVID syndrome assessment clinics] (Report). * World Health Organization (2022). [https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/therapeutics-and-covid-19-living-guideline Therapeutics and COVID-19: living guideline, 14 January 2022] (Report). [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10665/351006|10665/351006]]. WHO/2019-nCoV/therapeutics/2022.1. {{#invoke:Authority control|authorityControl}} [[Category:COVID-19| ]] [[Category:Occupational safety den health]] [[Category:Vaccine-preventable diseases]] [[Category:Viral respiratory tract infections]] [[Category:Zoonoses]] [[Category:Public health]] [[Category:Coronavirus-associated diseases]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] smkyt3pr2pqrj7l5us3wua6ahfzep5c Coeliac disease 0 22795 97447 82923 2026-04-30T17:44:37Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1458720|Coeliac disease]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 97447 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u 97448 97447 2026-04-30T17:45:11Z DaSupremo 9 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/97447|97447]] by [[Special:Contributions/DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 97448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Coeliac disease''' (Commonwealth English) anaa '''celiac disease''' (American English) be a chronic autoimmune disease, mainly wey dey affect de small intestine, wey be caused by de consumption of gluten. Coeliac disease dey cause a wide range of symptoms den complications wey fi affect multiple organs outsyd of de gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms fi be divided into two subtypes, classic den non-classic. De classic form of de disease fi affect any age group, buh be usually diagnosed insyd early childhood den dey cause symptoms of malabsorption such as weight loss, diarrhoea, den stunted growth. Non-classic coeliac disease be more commonly dem see insyd adults wey e be characterized by vague abdominal symptoms den complications insyd organs outsyd of de gastrointestinal tract, such as bone disease, anemia, den oda consequences of nutritional deficiencies. Coeliac disease be caused by an abnormal immune system response to gluten, dem find insyd wheat den oda grains such as barley den rye. Wen an individual plus a genetic predisposition to de condition dey consume gluten, e dey trigger an inflammatory response insyd de small intestine, wey dey damage de intestinal lining, wey dey lead to malabsorption. Dem dey believe de development of coeliac disease to be influenced by oda environmental factors, such as infections. Coeliac disease be diagnosed base on symptoms, blood tests, den biopsies of de small intestine while consuming a diet wey dey contain gluten. Insyd those wey already reduce dema gluten intake, reintroducing gluten fi be required to reach an accurate diagnosis. De diagnosis often be complicated by de diverse symptoms, overlap plus oda disorders, den lack of awareness, wey dey lead to a delay insyd diagnosis. Current research dey indicate say der no be enough evidence to advocate for mass screening for coeliac disease insyd those widout symptoms. De treatment for coeliac disease per be a lifelong gluten-free diet (GFD). A GFD dey involve removing all chow den drink wich dey contain wheat, rye, barley den gluten derivatives. Symptoms fi improve within days of adopting a GFD den de diet dey improve quality of life, dey prevent further complications den dey normalize sam effects of de disease such as stunted growth. Approximately 1 insyd 200 to 1 insyd 50 people get coeliac disease. Na diagnoses of coeliac disease increase in recently secof increased awareness den availability of blood testing. However, de disease still be thought to be underdiagnosed, plus a significant number of people plus de condition wey dey remain undiagnosed den untreated. Chaw people develop de disease before de age of 10 wey e be slightly more common insyd women dan insyd men. == Terminology den classification == "Coeliac disease" be de preferred spelling insyd Commonwealth English, while "celiac disease" be typically used insyd North American English.<ref>{{Cite web |title=COELIAC DISEASE {{!}} meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/coeliac-disease |access-date=15 December 2018 |website=dictionary.cambridge.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Coeliac vs. Celiac |url=http://www.glutenfreedublin.com/coeliac-vs-celiac |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217110644/http://www.glutenfreedublin.com/coeliac-vs-celiac |archive-date=17 December 2018 |access-date=15 December 2018 |website=www.glutenfreedublin.com}}</ref> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q11088|c=Category:Coeliac disease|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=Coeliac disease|species=no}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] [[Category:Gastrointestinal tract disorders]] [[Category:Genetic diseases den disorders]] [[Category:Gluten sensitivity]] [[Category:Malnutrition]] [[Category:Pediatrics]] [[Category:Steatorrhea-related diseases]] q0jlnw004pmay43nx6lt5gop5dvs8d5 User:James500 2 26450 97443 96810 2026-04-30T17:24:20Z James500 147 Remove template 97443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#babel:en}} [[en:User:James500]] eu13so1xoub6xvcjld6yea9o5qsrodx Codeine 0 26638 97417 97414 2026-04-30T13:15:04Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Codeine''' be an opiate den prodrug of [[morphine]] dem mainly use to treat pain, coughing, den [[diarrhea]]. E be commonly used as a recreational drug. E be found naturally insyd de sap of de opium poppy, ''Papaver somniferum''.<ref name=AHFS2016>{{cite web|title=Codeine |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/codeine.html |publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |access-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118164241/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/codeine.html|archive-date=18 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Prommer E | title = Role of codeine in palliative care | journal = Journal of Opioid Management | volume = 7 | issue = 5 | pages = 401–406 | date = 2010 | pmid = 22165039 | doi = 10.5055/jom.2011.0081 }}</ref> E be typically used to treat mild to moderate degrees of pain.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Greater benefit fi occur wen combined plus [[paracetamol]] (acetaminophen) as codeine/paracetamol anaa a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as [[aspirin]] anaa [[ibuprofen]].<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Evidence no dey support ein use for acute cough suppression insyd kiddies.<ref name="paul-im-2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Paul IM | title = Therapeutic options for acute cough due to upper respiratory infections in children | journal = Lung | volume = 190 | issue = 1 | pages = 41–44 | date = February 2012 | pmid = 21892785 | doi = 10.1007/s00408-011-9319-y | s2cid = 23865647 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Smith SM, Schroeder K, Fahey T |date=November 2014 |title=Over-the-counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in community settings |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2014 |issue= 11|article-number= CD001831|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001831.pub5 |pmid=25420096|pmc=7061814 }}</ref> Insyd Europe, e no be recommended as a cough medicine give those under 12 years of age.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Dem generally dey take am orally.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> E usually dey start dey work after half an hour, plus maximum effect at two hours.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Ein effects dey last for about four to six hours. Codeine dey exhibits abuse potential similar to oda opioid medications, wey dey include a risk of addiction den overdose.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Common side effects dey include nausea, vomiting, constipation, itchiness, lightheadedness, den drowsiness.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Serious side effects fi include breathing difficulties den addiction.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Whether e fi be used safely during [[pregnancy]] be unclear.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Care for be used during [[breastfeeding]], as e fi result in opiate toxicity insyd de baby.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Ein use as of 2016 no be recommended give kiddies.<ref name=Peds2016>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tobias JD, Green TP, Coté CJ | title = Codeine: Time to Say "No" | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 138 | issue = 4 | article-number = e20162396 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27647717 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2016-2396 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Codeine dey work by e be broken down by de liver into morphine; how quickly dis dey occur dey depend on a person ein genetics.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 61tavi8hqgz155z8029diw61p5xwr86 97418 97417 2026-04-30T13:31:06Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Codeine''' be an opiate den prodrug of [[morphine]] dem mainly use to treat pain, coughing, den [[diarrhea]]. E be commonly used as a recreational drug. E be found naturally insyd de sap of de opium poppy, ''Papaver somniferum''.<ref name=AHFS2016>{{cite web|title=Codeine |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/codeine.html |publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |access-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118164241/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/codeine.html|archive-date=18 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Prommer E | title = Role of codeine in palliative care | journal = Journal of Opioid Management | volume = 7 | issue = 5 | pages = 401–406 | date = 2010 | pmid = 22165039 | doi = 10.5055/jom.2011.0081 }}</ref> E be typically used to treat mild to moderate degrees of pain.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Greater benefit fi occur wen combined plus [[paracetamol]] (acetaminophen) as codeine/paracetamol anaa a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as [[aspirin]] anaa [[ibuprofen]].<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Evidence no dey support ein use for acute cough suppression insyd kiddies.<ref name="paul-im-2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Paul IM | title = Therapeutic options for acute cough due to upper respiratory infections in children | journal = Lung | volume = 190 | issue = 1 | pages = 41–44 | date = February 2012 | pmid = 21892785 | doi = 10.1007/s00408-011-9319-y | s2cid = 23865647 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Smith SM, Schroeder K, Fahey T |date=November 2014 |title=Over-the-counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in community settings |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2014 |issue= 11|article-number= CD001831|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001831.pub5 |pmid=25420096|pmc=7061814 }}</ref> Insyd Europe, e no be recommended as a cough medicine give those under 12 years of age.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Dem generally dey take am orally.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> E usually dey start dey work after half an hour, plus maximum effect at two hours.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Ein effects dey last for about four to six hours. Codeine dey exhibits abuse potential similar to oda opioid medications, wey dey include a risk of addiction den overdose.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Common side effects dey include nausea, vomiting, constipation, itchiness, lightheadedness, den drowsiness.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Serious side effects fi include breathing difficulties den addiction.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Whether e fi be used safely during [[pregnancy]] be unclear.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Care for be used during [[breastfeeding]], as e fi result in opiate toxicity insyd de baby.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Ein use as of 2016 no be recommended give kiddies.<ref name=Peds2016>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tobias JD, Green TP, Coté CJ | title = Codeine: Time to Say "No" | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 138 | issue = 4 | article-number = e20162396 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27647717 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2016-2396 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Codeine dey work by e be broken down by de liver into morphine; how quickly dis dey occur dey depend on a person ein genetics.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Dem discover codeine insyd 1832 by Pierre Jean Robiquet.<ref name=New2015>{{cite book| vauthors = Newton D |title= Prescription Drug Abuse: A Reference Handbook |date=2015 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-4408-3979-5 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcAnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA20|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170204073214/https://books.google.com/books?id=mcAnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA20 |archive-date=4 February 2017}}</ref> Insyd 2013, dem produce about 361,000&nbsp;kg (795,000 lb) of codeine while dem use 249,000&nbsp;kg (549,000 lb), wich make am de most commonly taken opiate.<ref name=UN2015>{{cite book|title=Narcotic Drugs 2014|date=2015|publisher=International Narcotics Control Board|isbn=978-92-1-048157-1|page=21|url=https://www.incb.org/documents/Narcotic-Drugs/Technical-Publications/2014/Narcotic_Drugs_Report_2014.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602192211/https://www.incb.org/documents/Narcotic-Drugs/Technical-Publications/2014/Narcotic_Drugs_Report_2014.pdf|archive-date=2 June 2015}}</ref> E dey on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.<ref name="WHO24th">{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = The selection and use of essential medicines, 2025: WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 24th list | year = 2025 | hdl = 10665/382243 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | hdl-access=free }}</ref> Codeine dey occur naturally den dey make up about 2% of opium.<ref name=New2015 /> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] j9gga7p4h97srnt329ey2520ici5f15 97419 97418 2026-04-30T13:43:17Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Codeine''' be an opiate den prodrug of [[morphine]] dem mainly use to treat pain, coughing, den [[diarrhea]]. E be commonly used as a recreational drug. E be found naturally insyd de sap of de opium poppy, ''Papaver somniferum''.<ref name=AHFS2016>{{cite web|title=Codeine |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/codeine.html |publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |access-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118164241/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/codeine.html|archive-date=18 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Prommer E | title = Role of codeine in palliative care | journal = Journal of Opioid Management | volume = 7 | issue = 5 | pages = 401–406 | date = 2010 | pmid = 22165039 | doi = 10.5055/jom.2011.0081 }}</ref> E be typically used to treat mild to moderate degrees of pain.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Greater benefit fi occur wen combined plus [[paracetamol]] (acetaminophen) as codeine/paracetamol anaa a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as [[aspirin]] anaa [[ibuprofen]].<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Evidence no dey support ein use for acute cough suppression insyd kiddies.<ref name="paul-im-2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Paul IM | title = Therapeutic options for acute cough due to upper respiratory infections in children | journal = Lung | volume = 190 | issue = 1 | pages = 41–44 | date = February 2012 | pmid = 21892785 | doi = 10.1007/s00408-011-9319-y | s2cid = 23865647 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Smith SM, Schroeder K, Fahey T |date=November 2014 |title=Over-the-counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in community settings |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2014 |issue= 11|article-number= CD001831|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001831.pub5 |pmid=25420096|pmc=7061814 }}</ref> Insyd Europe, e no be recommended as a cough medicine give those under 12 years of age.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Dem generally dey take am orally.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> E usually dey start dey work after half an hour, plus maximum effect at two hours.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Ein effects dey last for about four to six hours. Codeine dey exhibits abuse potential similar to oda opioid medications, wey dey include a risk of addiction den overdose.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Common side effects dey include nausea, vomiting, constipation, itchiness, lightheadedness, den drowsiness.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Serious side effects fi include breathing difficulties den addiction.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Whether e fi be used safely during [[pregnancy]] be unclear.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Care for be used during [[breastfeeding]], as e fi result in opiate toxicity insyd de baby.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Ein use as of 2016 no be recommended give kiddies.<ref name=Peds2016>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tobias JD, Green TP, Coté CJ | title = Codeine: Time to Say "No" | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 138 | issue = 4 | article-number = e20162396 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27647717 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2016-2396 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Codeine dey work by e be broken down by de liver into morphine; how quickly dis dey occur dey depend on a person ein genetics.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Dem discover codeine insyd 1832 by Pierre Jean Robiquet.<ref name=New2015>{{cite book| vauthors = Newton D |title= Prescription Drug Abuse: A Reference Handbook |date=2015 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-4408-3979-5 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcAnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA20|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170204073214/https://books.google.com/books?id=mcAnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA20 |archive-date=4 February 2017}}</ref> Insyd 2013, dem produce about 361,000&nbsp;kg (795,000 lb) of codeine while dem use 249,000&nbsp;kg (549,000 lb), wich make am de most commonly taken opiate.<ref name=UN2015>{{cite book|title=Narcotic Drugs 2014|date=2015|publisher=International Narcotics Control Board|isbn=978-92-1-048157-1|page=21|url=https://www.incb.org/documents/Narcotic-Drugs/Technical-Publications/2014/Narcotic_Drugs_Report_2014.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602192211/https://www.incb.org/documents/Narcotic-Drugs/Technical-Publications/2014/Narcotic_Drugs_Report_2014.pdf|archive-date=2 June 2015}}</ref> E dey on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.<ref name="WHO24th">{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = The selection and use of essential medicines, 2025: WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 24th list | year = 2025 | hdl = 10665/382243 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | hdl-access=free }}</ref> Codeine dey occur naturally den dey make up about 2% of opium.<ref name=New2015 /> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids]] [[Category:Antidiarrhoeals]] [[Category:Antitussives]] [[Category:Catechol ethers]] [[Category:4,5-Epoxymorphinans]] [[Category:Glycine receptor antagonists]] [[Category:Mu-opioid receptor agonists]] [[Category:Natural opium alkaloids]] [[Category:Opiates]] [[Category:Prodrugs]] [[Category:Secondary metabolites]] [[Category:World Health Organization essential medicines]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] jqjsig6ec3azqbozchf7vfsru6fhkmk Category:Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids 14 26639 97420 2026-04-30T13:44:12Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97420 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Antidiarrhoeals 14 26640 97421 2026-04-30T13:44:25Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97421 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Natural opium alkaloids 14 26641 97422 2026-04-30T13:44:37Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97422 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Opiates 14 26642 97423 2026-04-30T13:44:49Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97423 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Molluscum contagiosum 0 26643 97424 2026-04-30T13:46:17Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1459139|Molluscum contagiosum]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 97424 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u 97426 97424 2026-04-30T15:08:11Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Molluscum contagiosum''' ('''MC'''), dem sam times call '''water warts''', be a viral infection of de skin wey dey result in small raised pink lesions plus a dimple insyd de center.<ref name="CDC20152">{{cite web |date=11 May 2015 |title=Molluscum Contagiosum |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616211957/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/ |archive-date=16 June 2017 |access-date=10 June 2017 |website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)}}</ref> Dem fi cam be itchy anaa sore, den dey occur singularly anaa insyd groups.<ref name="CDC20152" /> Any area of de skin fi be affected, plus abdomen, legs, arms, neck, genital area, den face be de most common.<ref name="CDC20152" /> Onset of de lesions be around seven weeks after infection.<ref name=Ramdass2015>{{cite journal|last1=Ramdass|first1=P|last2=Mullick|first2=S|last3=Farber|first3=HF|title=Viral Skin Diseases|journal=Primary Care|date=December 2015|volume=42|issue=4|pages=517–67|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.006|pmid=26612372|type=Review}}</ref> Dem usually go away within a year widout scarring.<ref name="CDC20152" /> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == 8lmusdcazruo1ojv3ntjc4xap6us2r1 97427 97426 2026-04-30T16:03:49Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Molluscum contagiosum''' ('''MC'''), dem sam times call '''water warts''', be a viral infection of de skin wey dey result in small raised pink lesions plus a dimple insyd de center.<ref name="CDC20152">{{cite web |date=11 May 2015 |title=Molluscum Contagiosum |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616211957/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/ |archive-date=16 June 2017 |access-date=10 June 2017 |website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)}}</ref> Dem fi cam be itchy anaa sore, den dey occur singularly anaa insyd groups.<ref name="CDC20152" /> Any area of de skin fi be affected, plus abdomen, legs, arms, neck, genital area, den face be de most common.<ref name="CDC20152" /> Onset of de lesions be around seven weeks after infection.<ref name=Ramdass2015>{{cite journal|last1=Ramdass|first1=P|last2=Mullick|first2=S|last3=Farber|first3=HF|title=Viral Skin Diseases|journal=Primary Care|date=December 2015|volume=42|issue=4|pages=517–67|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.006|pmid=26612372|type=Review}}</ref> Dem usually go away within a year widout scarring.<ref name="CDC20152" /> De infection be caused by a poxvirus dem call de ''molluscum contagiosum virus'' (MCV).<ref name=CDC2015>{{cite web |title=Molluscum Contagiosum |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|access-date=10 June 2017|date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616211957/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/|archive-date=16 June 2017}}</ref> De virus be spread either by direct contact, wey dey include sexual activity, anaa via contaminated objects such as towels.<ref name=CDC2015Tran>{{cite web|title=Transmission {{!}} Molluscum Contagiosum|url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/transmission.html|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |access-date=10 June 2017|date=11 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610150359/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/transmission.html|archive-date=10 June 2017}}</ref> De condition sanso fi be spread to oda areas of de body by de person demaselves.<ref name=CDC2015Tran/> Risk factors dey include a weak immune system, [[atopic dermatitis]], den crowded living conditions.<ref name=CDC2015Risk>{{cite web|title=Risk Factors {{!}} Molluscum Contagiosum |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/risk.html|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |access-date=10 June 2017|language=en-us|date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610203738/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/risk.html |archive-date=10 June 2017}}</ref> Following one infection, it is possible to get re-infected.<ref name=CDC2015Comp>{{cite web|title=Long Term Effects {{!}} Molluscum Contagiosum |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/long-term-effects.html|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |access-date=10 June 2017|language=en-us|date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617205755/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/long-term-effects.html |archive-date=17 June 2017}}</ref> Diagnosis typically be based on de appearance of de lesions.<ref name=Ramdass2015/> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] agtzrr9xxwq6fdakiycjs8zglg668dh 97428 97427 2026-04-30T16:11:33Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Molluscum contagiosum''' ('''MC'''), dem sam times call '''water warts''', be a viral infection of de skin wey dey result in small raised pink lesions plus a dimple insyd de center.<ref name="CDC20152">{{cite web |date=11 May 2015 |title=Molluscum Contagiosum |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616211957/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/ |archive-date=16 June 2017 |access-date=10 June 2017 |website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)}}</ref> Dem fi cam be itchy anaa sore, den dey occur singularly anaa insyd groups.<ref name="CDC20152" /> Any area of de skin fi be affected, plus abdomen, legs, arms, neck, genital area, den face be de most common.<ref name="CDC20152" /> Onset of de lesions be around seven weeks after infection.<ref name=Ramdass2015>{{cite journal|last1=Ramdass|first1=P|last2=Mullick|first2=S|last3=Farber|first3=HF|title=Viral Skin Diseases|journal=Primary Care|date=December 2015|volume=42|issue=4|pages=517–67|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.006|pmid=26612372|type=Review}}</ref> Dem usually go away within a year widout scarring.<ref name="CDC20152" /> De infection be caused by a poxvirus dem call de ''molluscum contagiosum virus'' (MCV).<ref name=CDC2015>{{cite web |title=Molluscum Contagiosum |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|access-date=10 June 2017|date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616211957/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/|archive-date=16 June 2017}}</ref> De virus be spread either by direct contact, wey dey include sexual activity, anaa via contaminated objects such as towels.<ref name=CDC2015Tran>{{cite web|title=Transmission {{!}} Molluscum Contagiosum|url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/transmission.html|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |access-date=10 June 2017|date=11 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610150359/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/transmission.html|archive-date=10 June 2017}}</ref> De condition sanso fi be spread to oda areas of de body by de person demaselves.<ref name=CDC2015Tran/> Risk factors dey include a weak immune system, [[atopic dermatitis]], den crowded living conditions.<ref name=CDC2015Risk>{{cite web|title=Risk Factors {{!}} Molluscum Contagiosum |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/risk.html|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |access-date=10 June 2017|language=en-us|date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610203738/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/risk.html |archive-date=10 June 2017}}</ref> Following one infection, it is possible to get re-infected.<ref name=CDC2015Comp>{{cite web|title=Long Term Effects {{!}} Molluscum Contagiosum |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/long-term-effects.html|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |access-date=10 June 2017|language=en-us|date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617205755/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/long-term-effects.html |archive-date=17 June 2017}}</ref> Diagnosis typically be based on de appearance of de lesions.<ref name=Ramdass2015/> Prevention dey include hand washing den no dey share personal items.<ref name=CDC2015Pre>{{cite web|title=Prevention {{!}} Molluscum Contagiosum |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/prevention.html|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |access-date=10 June 2017|language=en-us|date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617205753/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/prevention.html|archive-date=17 June 2017 }}</ref> While treatment no be necessary, sam fi wish to get de lesions removed for cosmetic reasons anaa to prevent spread.<ref name=CDC2015Tx>{{cite web |title=Treatment Options {{!}} Molluscum Contagiosum |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/treatment.html |website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |access-date=10 June 2017 |language=en-us |date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617205751/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/treatment.html |archive-date=17 June 2017 }}</ref> Removal fi occur plus freezing, laser therapy, anaa opening up de lesion den scraping de insyd.<ref name="CDC2015Tx" /> Scraping de lesion fi, however, result in scarring.<ref name=CDC2015Comp/> De oral medication cimetidine, anaa podophyllotoxin cream dem apply to de skin, sanso fi be used for treatment.<ref name=CDC2015Tx/> Approximately 122&nbsp;million people globally be affected by molluscum contagiosum as of 2010 (1.8% of de population).<ref name=LancetEpi2012>{{cite journal|last1=Vos|first1=Theo|last2=Flaxman|first2=D|last3=Naghavi|first3=A|title=Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010|journal=Lancet|date=December 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2163–96 |pmid=23245607|pmc=6350784|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2|display-authors=etal}}</ref> E be more common insyd kiddies between de ages of one den ten years old.<ref name=CDC2015Risk/> De condition cam be more common insyd de [[United States]] since 1966.<ref name=CDC2015Risk/> Having an infection no be a reason to keep a kiddie out of school anaa daycare.<ref>{{cite web|title=Day Care Centers and Schools {{!}} Molluscum Contagiosum |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/day_care.html|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |access-date=10 June 2017 |language=en-us|date=11 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617205806/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/day_care.html |archive-date=17 June 2017}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 8mwbswcy46vc0ib3cw4xshpesnmp6pu 97429 97428 2026-04-30T16:15:34Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Molluscum contagiosum''' ('''MC'''), dem sam times call '''water warts''', be a viral infection of de skin wey dey result in small raised pink lesions plus a dimple insyd de center.<ref name="CDC20152">{{cite web |date=11 May 2015 |title=Molluscum Contagiosum |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616211957/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/ |archive-date=16 June 2017 |access-date=10 June 2017 |website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)}}</ref> Dem fi cam be itchy anaa sore, den dey occur singularly anaa insyd groups.<ref name="CDC20152" /> Any area of de skin fi be affected, plus abdomen, legs, arms, neck, genital area, den face be de most common.<ref name="CDC20152" /> Onset of de lesions be around seven weeks after infection.<ref name=Ramdass2015>{{cite journal|last1=Ramdass|first1=P|last2=Mullick|first2=S|last3=Farber|first3=HF|title=Viral Skin Diseases|journal=Primary Care|date=December 2015|volume=42|issue=4|pages=517–67|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.006|pmid=26612372|type=Review}}</ref> Dem usually go away within a year widout scarring.<ref name="CDC20152" /> De infection be caused by a poxvirus dem call de ''molluscum contagiosum virus'' (MCV).<ref name=CDC2015>{{cite web |title=Molluscum Contagiosum |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|access-date=10 June 2017|date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616211957/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/|archive-date=16 June 2017}}</ref> De virus be spread either by direct contact, wey dey include sexual activity, anaa via contaminated objects such as towels.<ref name=CDC2015Tran>{{cite web|title=Transmission {{!}} Molluscum Contagiosum|url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/transmission.html|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |access-date=10 June 2017|date=11 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610150359/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/transmission.html|archive-date=10 June 2017}}</ref> De condition sanso fi be spread to oda areas of de body by de person demaselves.<ref name=CDC2015Tran/> Risk factors dey include a weak immune system, [[atopic dermatitis]], den crowded living conditions.<ref name=CDC2015Risk>{{cite web|title=Risk Factors {{!}} Molluscum Contagiosum |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/risk.html|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |access-date=10 June 2017|language=en-us|date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610203738/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/risk.html |archive-date=10 June 2017}}</ref> Following one infection, it is possible to get re-infected.<ref name=CDC2015Comp>{{cite web|title=Long Term Effects {{!}} Molluscum Contagiosum |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/long-term-effects.html|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |access-date=10 June 2017|language=en-us|date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617205755/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/long-term-effects.html |archive-date=17 June 2017}}</ref> Diagnosis typically be based on de appearance of de lesions.<ref name=Ramdass2015/> Prevention dey include hand washing den no dey share personal items.<ref name=CDC2015Pre>{{cite web|title=Prevention {{!}} Molluscum Contagiosum |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/prevention.html|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |access-date=10 June 2017|language=en-us|date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617205753/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/prevention.html|archive-date=17 June 2017 }}</ref> While treatment no be necessary, sam fi wish to get de lesions removed for cosmetic reasons anaa to prevent spread.<ref name=CDC2015Tx>{{cite web |title=Treatment Options {{!}} Molluscum Contagiosum |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/treatment.html |website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |access-date=10 June 2017 |language=en-us |date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617205751/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/treatment.html |archive-date=17 June 2017 }}</ref> Removal fi occur plus freezing, laser therapy, anaa opening up de lesion den scraping de insyd.<ref name="CDC2015Tx" /> Scraping de lesion fi, however, result in scarring.<ref name=CDC2015Comp/> De oral medication cimetidine, anaa podophyllotoxin cream dem apply to de skin, sanso fi be used for treatment.<ref name=CDC2015Tx/> Approximately 122&nbsp;million people globally be affected by molluscum contagiosum as of 2010 (1.8% of de population).<ref name=LancetEpi2012>{{cite journal|last1=Vos|first1=Theo|last2=Flaxman|first2=D|last3=Naghavi|first3=A|title=Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010|journal=Lancet|date=December 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2163–96 |pmid=23245607|pmc=6350784|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2|display-authors=etal}}</ref> E be more common insyd kiddies between de ages of one den ten years old.<ref name=CDC2015Risk/> De condition cam be more common insyd de [[United States]] since 1966.<ref name=CDC2015Risk/> Having an infection no be a reason to keep a kiddie out of school anaa daycare.<ref>{{cite web|title=Day Care Centers and Schools {{!}} Molluscum Contagiosum |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/day_care.html|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |access-date=10 June 2017 |language=en-us|date=11 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617205806/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/day_care.html |archive-date=17 June 2017}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{commons}} * [https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/ Molluscum contagiosum]—US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) * [http://www.viprbrc.org/brc/home.do?decorator=pox Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Poxviridae] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Molluscum Contagiosum}} [[Category:Poxviruses]] [[Category:Sexually transmitted infections]] [[Category:Virus-related cutaneous conditions]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] i0a8solb5n9ffbzp1awjznstojey54b Dexamethasone 0 26644 97425 2026-04-30T14:48:49Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1458618|Dexamethasone]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 97425 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u 97432 97425 2026-04-30T16:33:33Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dexamethasone''' be a fluorinated glucocorticoid medication<ref name=AHFS2015/> dem use to treat rheumatic problems, a number of skin diseases, severe allergies, [[asthma]], [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] (COPD), croup, [[cerebral edema|brain swelling]], eye pain following eye surgery, superior vena cava syndrome (a complication of sam forms of cancer),<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Wilkinson IB |date = 13 July 2017 |title= Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine |page = 176 |publisher = OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-968990-3 }}</ref> den along plus antibiotics insyd [[tuberculosis]].<ref name=AHFS2015/> Insyd adrenocortical insufficiency, e fi be used in combination plus a mineralocorticoid medication such as fludrocortisone.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Insyd preterm labor, e fi be used to improve outcomes insyd de baby.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Dem fi give am by mouth, as an injection into a muscle, as an injection into a vein, as a topical cream anaa ointment give de skin anaa as a topical ophthalmic solution to de eye.<ref name=AHFS2015/> De effects of dexamethasone frequently be seen within a day den dey last for about three days.<ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web|title=Dexamethasone|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/dexamethasone.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=29 July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831175940/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/dexamethasone.html|archive-date=31 August 2017}}</ref> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == rsbyuz0sn0lf86i143zz2rj4so8tyie 97433 97432 2026-04-30T16:39:56Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dexamethasone''' be a fluorinated glucocorticoid medication<ref name=AHFS2015/> dem use to treat rheumatic problems, a number of skin diseases, severe allergies, [[asthma]], [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] (COPD), croup, [[cerebral edema|brain swelling]], eye pain following eye surgery, superior vena cava syndrome (a complication of sam forms of cancer),<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Wilkinson IB |date = 13 July 2017 |title= Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine |page = 176 |publisher = OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-968990-3 }}</ref> den along plus antibiotics insyd [[tuberculosis]].<ref name=AHFS2015/> Insyd adrenocortical insufficiency, e fi be used in combination plus a mineralocorticoid medication such as fludrocortisone.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Insyd preterm labor, e fi be used to improve outcomes insyd de baby.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Dem fi give am by mouth, as an injection into a muscle, as an injection into a vein, as a topical cream anaa ointment give de skin anaa as a topical ophthalmic solution to de eye.<ref name=AHFS2015/> De effects of dexamethasone frequently be seen within a day den dey last for about three days.<ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web|title=Dexamethasone|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/dexamethasone.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=29 July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831175940/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/dexamethasone.html|archive-date=31 August 2017}}</ref> De long-term use of dexamethasone fi result in thrush, bone loss, cataracts, easy bruising, anaa muscle weakness.<ref name=AHFS2015/> E dey insyd pregnancy category C insyd de [[United States]], wey dey mean say e for be use per wen de benefits be predicted to be greater dan de risks.<ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy">{{cite web|title=Dexamethasone Use During Pregnancy|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/dexamethasone.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=9 June 2016|quote=Dexamethasone is only recommended for use during pregnancy when there are no alternatives and benefit outweighs risk.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517153059/http://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/dexamethasone.html|archive-date=17 May 2016}}</ref> Insyd [[Australia]], de oral use be category A, wey dey mean e be frequently used insyd pregnancy wey e no be found to cause problems to de baby.<ref>{{cite web|title=Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database|url=http://www.tga.gov.au/hp/medicines-pregnancy.htm|work=Australian Government|access-date=22 April 2014|date=3 March 2014|quote=Drugs which have been taken by a large number of pregnant women and women of childbearing age without any proven increase in the frequency of malformations or other direct or indirect harmful effects on the fetus having been observed.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408040902/http://www.tga.gov.au/hp/medicines-pregnancy.htm|archive-date=8 April 2014}}</ref> Dem for no take am wen [[breastfeeding]].<ref name=AHFS2015/> Dexamethasone get anti-inflammatory den immunosuppressant effects.<ref name=AHFS2015/> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] a0pmbjlazpdjpmcvfydaasaxp3g5z9m 97434 97433 2026-04-30T16:46:24Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dexamethasone''' be a fluorinated glucocorticoid medication<ref name=AHFS2015/> dem use to treat rheumatic problems, a number of skin diseases, severe allergies, [[asthma]], [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] (COPD), croup, [[cerebral edema|brain swelling]], eye pain following eye surgery, superior vena cava syndrome (a complication of sam forms of cancer),<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Wilkinson IB |date = 13 July 2017 |title= Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine |page = 176 |publisher = OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-968990-3 }}</ref> den along plus antibiotics insyd [[tuberculosis]].<ref name=AHFS2015/> Insyd adrenocortical insufficiency, e fi be used in combination plus a mineralocorticoid medication such as fludrocortisone.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Insyd preterm labor, e fi be used to improve outcomes insyd de baby.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Dem fi give am by mouth, as an injection into a muscle, as an injection into a vein, as a topical cream anaa ointment give de skin anaa as a topical ophthalmic solution to de eye.<ref name=AHFS2015/> De effects of dexamethasone frequently be seen within a day den dey last for about three days.<ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web|title=Dexamethasone|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/dexamethasone.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=29 July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831175940/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/dexamethasone.html|archive-date=31 August 2017}}</ref> De long-term use of dexamethasone fi result in thrush, bone loss, cataracts, easy bruising, anaa muscle weakness.<ref name=AHFS2015/> E dey insyd pregnancy category C insyd de [[United States]], wey dey mean say e for be use per wen de benefits be predicted to be greater dan de risks.<ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy">{{cite web|title=Dexamethasone Use During Pregnancy|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/dexamethasone.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=9 June 2016|quote=Dexamethasone is only recommended for use during pregnancy when there are no alternatives and benefit outweighs risk.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517153059/http://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/dexamethasone.html|archive-date=17 May 2016}}</ref> Insyd [[Australia]], de oral use be category A, wey dey mean e be frequently used insyd pregnancy wey e no be found to cause problems to de baby.<ref>{{cite web|title=Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database|url=http://www.tga.gov.au/hp/medicines-pregnancy.htm|work=Australian Government|access-date=22 April 2014|date=3 March 2014|quote=Drugs which have been taken by a large number of pregnant women and women of childbearing age without any proven increase in the frequency of malformations or other direct or indirect harmful effects on the fetus having been observed.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408040902/http://www.tga.gov.au/hp/medicines-pregnancy.htm|archive-date=8 April 2014}}</ref> Dem for no take am wen [[breastfeeding]].<ref name=AHFS2015/> Dexamethasone get anti-inflammatory den immunosuppressant effects.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Dexamethasone first be synthesized insyd 1957 by Philip Showalter Hench wey na dem approve am for medical use insyd 1958.<ref name="FDA Approval">{{cite web | title=Drugs@FDA: Dexamethasone | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=011664 | access-date=27 March 2022 | archive-date=30 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130231459/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=011664 }}</ref><ref name="RankovicHargreaves2012">{{cite book | vauthors = Rankovic Z, Hargreaves R, Bingham M |title=Drug discovery and medicinal chemistry for psychiatric disorders|date=2012|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-1-84973-365-6|page=286|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J4Mq3Lm1R7kC&pg=PA286|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305022353/https://books.google.ca/books?id=J4Mq3Lm1R7kC&pg=PA286|archive-date=5 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=Fis2006>{{cite book |vauthors=Fischer J, Ganellin CR |title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery |date=2006 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-3-527-60749-5 |page=485 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA485 |access-date=17 June 2020 |archive-date=10 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110032815/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA485 |url-status=live }}</ref> E dey on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.<ref name="WHO22nd">{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021) | year = 2021 | hdl = 10665/345533 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> Insyd 2023, e be de 246th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 1{{nbsp}}million prescriptions.<ref name="Top 300 of 2023">{{cite web | title=The Top 300 of 2023 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=17 August 2025 | archive-date=17 August 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250817043812/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Dexamethasone Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Dexamethasone | access-date = 17 August 2025 }}</ref> It is available as a generic medication.<ref>{{cite web | title=Competitive Generic Therapy Approvals | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=29 June 2023 | url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/generic-drugs/competitive-generic-therapy-approvals | access-date=29 June 2023 | archive-date=29 June 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629233651/https://www.fda.gov/drugs/generic-drugs/competitive-generic-therapy-approvals }}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de combination of dexamethasone plus neomycin den polymyxin B be de 260th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 1{{nbsp}}million prescriptions;<ref name="Top 300 of 2023" /><ref>{{cite web | title = Dexamethasone; Neomycin; Polymyxin B Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/DexamethasoneNeomycinPolymyxinB | access-date = 17 August 2025 }}</ref> den de combination of dexamethasone plus [[ciprofloxacin]] be de 283rd most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 700,000 prescriptions;<ref name="Top 300 of 2023" /><ref>{{cite web | title = Ciprofloxacin; Dexamethasone Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/CiprofloxacinDexamethasone | access-date = 17 August 2025 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] dsmi1lc7dgp0w431a2js3iw659qy7uh 97435 97434 2026-04-30T16:50:09Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dexamethasone''' be a fluorinated glucocorticoid medication<ref name=AHFS2015/> dem use to treat rheumatic problems, a number of skin diseases, severe allergies, [[asthma]], [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] (COPD), croup, [[cerebral edema|brain swelling]], eye pain following eye surgery, superior vena cava syndrome (a complication of sam forms of cancer),<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Wilkinson IB |date = 13 July 2017 |title= Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine |page = 176 |publisher = OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-968990-3 }}</ref> den along plus antibiotics insyd [[tuberculosis]].<ref name=AHFS2015/> Insyd adrenocortical insufficiency, e fi be used in combination plus a mineralocorticoid medication such as fludrocortisone.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Insyd preterm labor, e fi be used to improve outcomes insyd de baby.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Dem fi give am by mouth, as an injection into a muscle, as an injection into a vein, as a topical cream anaa ointment give de skin anaa as a topical ophthalmic solution to de eye.<ref name=AHFS2015/> De effects of dexamethasone frequently be seen within a day den dey last for about three days.<ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web|title=Dexamethasone|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/dexamethasone.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=29 July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831175940/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/dexamethasone.html|archive-date=31 August 2017}}</ref> De long-term use of dexamethasone fi result in thrush, bone loss, cataracts, easy bruising, anaa muscle weakness.<ref name=AHFS2015/> E dey insyd pregnancy category C insyd de [[United States]], wey dey mean say e for be use per wen de benefits be predicted to be greater dan de risks.<ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy">{{cite web|title=Dexamethasone Use During Pregnancy|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/dexamethasone.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=9 June 2016|quote=Dexamethasone is only recommended for use during pregnancy when there are no alternatives and benefit outweighs risk.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517153059/http://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/dexamethasone.html|archive-date=17 May 2016}}</ref> Insyd [[Australia]], de oral use be category A, wey dey mean e be frequently used insyd pregnancy wey e no be found to cause problems to de baby.<ref>{{cite web|title=Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database|url=http://www.tga.gov.au/hp/medicines-pregnancy.htm|work=Australian Government|access-date=22 April 2014|date=3 March 2014|quote=Drugs which have been taken by a large number of pregnant women and women of childbearing age without any proven increase in the frequency of malformations or other direct or indirect harmful effects on the fetus having been observed.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408040902/http://www.tga.gov.au/hp/medicines-pregnancy.htm|archive-date=8 April 2014}}</ref> Dem for no take am wen [[breastfeeding]].<ref name=AHFS2015/> Dexamethasone get anti-inflammatory den immunosuppressant effects.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Dexamethasone first be synthesized insyd 1957 by Philip Showalter Hench wey na dem approve am for medical use insyd 1958.<ref name="FDA Approval">{{cite web | title=Drugs@FDA: Dexamethasone | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=011664 | access-date=27 March 2022 | archive-date=30 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130231459/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=011664 }}</ref><ref name="RankovicHargreaves2012">{{cite book | vauthors = Rankovic Z, Hargreaves R, Bingham M |title=Drug discovery and medicinal chemistry for psychiatric disorders|date=2012|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-1-84973-365-6|page=286|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J4Mq3Lm1R7kC&pg=PA286|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305022353/https://books.google.ca/books?id=J4Mq3Lm1R7kC&pg=PA286|archive-date=5 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=Fis2006>{{cite book |vauthors=Fischer J, Ganellin CR |title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery |date=2006 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-3-527-60749-5 |page=485 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA485 |access-date=17 June 2020 |archive-date=10 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110032815/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA485 |url-status=live }}</ref> E dey on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.<ref name="WHO22nd">{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021) | year = 2021 | hdl = 10665/345533 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> Insyd 2023, e be de 246th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 1{{nbsp}}million prescriptions.<ref name="Top 300 of 2023">{{cite web | title=The Top 300 of 2023 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=17 August 2025 | archive-date=17 August 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250817043812/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Dexamethasone Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Dexamethasone | access-date = 17 August 2025 }}</ref> It is available as a generic medication.<ref>{{cite web | title=Competitive Generic Therapy Approvals | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=29 June 2023 | url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/generic-drugs/competitive-generic-therapy-approvals | access-date=29 June 2023 | archive-date=29 June 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629233651/https://www.fda.gov/drugs/generic-drugs/competitive-generic-therapy-approvals }}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de combination of dexamethasone plus neomycin den polymyxin B be de 260th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 1{{nbsp}}million prescriptions;<ref name="Top 300 of 2023" /><ref>{{cite web | title = Dexamethasone; Neomycin; Polymyxin B Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/DexamethasoneNeomycinPolymyxinB | access-date = 17 August 2025 }}</ref> den de combination of dexamethasone plus [[ciprofloxacin]] be de 283rd most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 700,000 prescriptions;<ref name="Top 300 of 2023" /><ref>{{cite web | title = Ciprofloxacin; Dexamethasone Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/CiprofloxacinDexamethasone | access-date = 17 August 2025 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite web | title=Dexamethasone Ophthalmic | website=MedlinePlus | url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682869.html }} * {{cite web | title=Dexamethasone Injection | website=MedlinePlus | url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a616022.html }} [[Category:Drugs wey AbbVie develop]] [[Category:Chemical substances for emergency medicine]] [[Category:COVID-19 drug development]] [[Category:CYP3A4 inducers]] [[Category:Fluorinated corticosteroids]] [[Category:Glucocorticoids]] [[Category:Halohydrins]] [[Category:Drugs wey Novartis develop]] [[Category:Organofluorides]] [[Category:Otologicals]] [[Category:Peripherally selective drugs]] [[Category:Pregnane X receptor agonists]] [[Category:Pregnanes]] [[Category:World Health Organization essential medicines]] [[Category:Depressogens]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 3961c4weo2ibh4cn3ffdtx5xvf3mdrz Category:Poxviruses 14 26645 97430 2026-04-30T16:16:47Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97430 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Sexually transmitted infections 14 26646 97431 2026-04-30T16:17:31Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97431 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:COVID-19 drug development 14 26647 97436 2026-04-30T16:51:03Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97436 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Fluorinated corticosteroids 14 26648 97437 2026-04-30T16:51:16Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97437 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Halohydrins 14 26649 97438 2026-04-30T16:51:29Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97438 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Pregnane X receptor agonists 14 26650 97439 2026-04-30T16:51:41Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97439 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Pregnanes 14 26651 97440 2026-04-30T16:51:53Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97440 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Gunshot wound 0 26652 97449 2026-04-30T21:15:15Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1458275|Gunshot wound]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 97449 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u 97450 97449 2026-04-30T21:42:18Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A '''gunshot wound''' ('''GSW''') be a penetrating injury wey a projectile cause (e.g., a bullet) dem shoot from a gun.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gunshot wound definition and meaning {{!}} Collins English Dictionary |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/gunshot-wound |website=www.collinsdictionary.com |access-date=13 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=Pt2019>{{cite web |title=Gunshot Injuries; Gunshot wounds (GSW) information |url=http://patient.info/doctor/gunshot-injuries |website=patient.info |access-date=13 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Damage fi include bleeding, bone fractures, organ damage, wound infection, den loss of de ability to move part of de body.<ref name="ADAM2019">{{cite web |title=Gunshot wounds - aftercare: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000737.htm |website=medlineplus.gov |access-date=13 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Damage dey depend on de part of de body hit, de path de bullet dey follow thru (anaa into) de body, den de type den speed of de bullet.<ref name=Pt2019/> Insyd severe cases, although no be uncommon, de injury be fatal. Long-term complications fi include bowel obstruction, failure to thrive, neurogenic bladder den paralysis, recurrent cardiorespiratory distress den pneumothorax, hypoxic brain injury wey dey lead to early [[dementia]], amputations, chronic pain den pain plus light touch (hyperalgesia), deep venous thrombosis plus pulmonary embolus, limb swelling den debility, den lead poisoning.<ref name="ADAM2019" /><ref name=Ortho2019>{{cite web |title=Gun Shot Wounds - Trauma - Orthobullets |url=https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1059/gun-shot-wounds |website=www.orthobullets.com |access-date=13 July 2019}}</ref> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 6c4gw2jfro1b67mkgnn78rmwccyte7z 97451 97450 2026-04-30T21:50:50Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A '''gunshot wound''' ('''GSW''') be a penetrating injury wey a projectile cause (e.g., a bullet) dem shoot from a gun.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gunshot wound definition and meaning {{!}} Collins English Dictionary |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/gunshot-wound |website=www.collinsdictionary.com |access-date=13 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=Pt2019>{{cite web |title=Gunshot Injuries; Gunshot wounds (GSW) information |url=http://patient.info/doctor/gunshot-injuries |website=patient.info |access-date=13 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Damage fi include bleeding, bone fractures, organ damage, wound infection, den loss of de ability to move part of de body.<ref name="ADAM2019">{{cite web |title=Gunshot wounds - aftercare: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000737.htm |website=medlineplus.gov |access-date=13 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Damage dey depend on de part of de body hit, de path de bullet dey follow thru (anaa into) de body, den de type den speed of de bullet.<ref name=Pt2019/> Insyd severe cases, although no be uncommon, de injury be fatal. Long-term complications fi include bowel obstruction, failure to thrive, neurogenic bladder den paralysis, recurrent cardiorespiratory distress den pneumothorax, hypoxic brain injury wey dey lead to early [[dementia]], amputations, chronic pain den pain plus light touch (hyperalgesia), deep venous thrombosis plus pulmonary embolus, limb swelling den debility, den lead poisoning.<ref name="ADAM2019" /><ref name=Ortho2019>{{cite web |title=Gun Shot Wounds - Trauma - Orthobullets |url=https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1059/gun-shot-wounds |website=www.orthobullets.com |access-date=13 July 2019}}</ref> Factors wey determine rates of gun violence dey vary by country.<ref name="GBD20162">{{cite journal |last1=Naghavi |first1=Mohsen |last2=Marczak |first2=Laurie |display-authors=etal |date=28 August 2018 |others=Global Burden of Disease 2016 Injury Collaborators. |title=Global Mortality From Firearms, 1990-2016 |journal=JAMA |volume=320 |issue=8 |pages=792–814 |doi=10.1001/jama.2018.10060 |pmc=6143020 |pmid=30167700}}</ref> Dese factors fi include de illegal drug trade, easy access to firearms, substance misuse wey dey include alcohol, mental health problems, firearm laws, social attitudes, economic differences, den occupations such as being a police officer.<ref name="GBD20162" /><ref name=Bra2016>{{cite journal |last1=Branas |first1=CC |last2=Han |first2=S |last3=Wiebe |first3=DJ |title=Alcohol Use and Firearm Violence |journal=Epidemiologic Reviews |date=2016 |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=32–45 |doi=10.1093/epirev/mxv010 |pmid=26811427|pmc=4762248 }}</ref> Wer guns be more common, altercations more often dey end in death;<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cukier |first1=W |last2=Eagen |first2=SA |title=Gun violence. |journal=Current Opinion in Psychology |date=February 2018 |volume=19 |pages=109–112 |doi=10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.04.008 |pmid=29279206|s2cid=20214015 }}</ref> however, firearm laws, particularly background checks den permit to purchase, fi decrease dis risk.<ref name=Lee2017>{{cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=LK |last2=Fleegler |first2=EW |last3=Farrell |first3=C |last4=Avakame |first4=E |last5=Srinivasan |first5=S |last6=Hemenway |first6=D |last7=Monuteaux |first7=MC |title=Firearm Laws and Firearm Homicides: A Systematic Review. |journal=JAMA Internal Medicine |date=1 January 2017 |volume=177 |issue=1 |pages=106–119 |doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.7051 |pmid=27842178|s2cid=205119294 }}</ref> Safer firearm storage fi decrease de risk of firearm-related deaths insyd kiddies.<ref name=San2016>{{cite journal |last1=Santaella-Tenorio |first1=J |last2=Cerdá |first2=M |last3=Villaveces |first3=A |last4=Galea |first4=S |title=What Do We Know About the Association Between Firearm Legislation and Firearm-Related Injuries? |journal=Epidemiologic Reviews |date=2016 |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=140–57 |doi=10.1093/epirev/mxv012 |pmid=26905895|pmc=6283012 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] ol1gjq0fvvn3anso73bq1djmw39rafa 97452 97451 2026-04-30T22:08:06Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A '''gunshot wound''' ('''GSW''') be a penetrating injury wey a projectile cause (e.g., a bullet) dem shoot from a gun.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gunshot wound definition and meaning {{!}} Collins English Dictionary |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/gunshot-wound |website=www.collinsdictionary.com |access-date=13 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=Pt2019>{{cite web |title=Gunshot Injuries; Gunshot wounds (GSW) information |url=http://patient.info/doctor/gunshot-injuries |website=patient.info |access-date=13 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Damage fi include bleeding, bone fractures, organ damage, wound infection, den loss of de ability to move part of de body.<ref name="ADAM2019">{{cite web |title=Gunshot wounds - aftercare: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000737.htm |website=medlineplus.gov |access-date=13 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Damage dey depend on de part of de body hit, de path de bullet dey follow thru (anaa into) de body, den de type den speed of de bullet.<ref name=Pt2019/> Insyd severe cases, although no be uncommon, de injury be fatal. Long-term complications fi include bowel obstruction, failure to thrive, neurogenic bladder den paralysis, recurrent cardiorespiratory distress den pneumothorax, hypoxic brain injury wey dey lead to early [[dementia]], amputations, chronic pain den pain plus light touch (hyperalgesia), deep venous thrombosis plus pulmonary embolus, limb swelling den debility, den lead poisoning.<ref name="ADAM2019" /><ref name=Ortho2019>{{cite web |title=Gun Shot Wounds - Trauma - Orthobullets |url=https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1059/gun-shot-wounds |website=www.orthobullets.com |access-date=13 July 2019}}</ref> Factors wey determine rates of gun violence dey vary by country.<ref name="GBD20162">{{cite journal |last1=Naghavi |first1=Mohsen |last2=Marczak |first2=Laurie |display-authors=etal |date=28 August 2018 |others=Global Burden of Disease 2016 Injury Collaborators. |title=Global Mortality From Firearms, 1990-2016 |journal=JAMA |volume=320 |issue=8 |pages=792–814 |doi=10.1001/jama.2018.10060 |pmc=6143020 |pmid=30167700}}</ref> Dese factors fi include de illegal drug trade, easy access to firearms, substance misuse wey dey include alcohol, mental health problems, firearm laws, social attitudes, economic differences, den occupations such as being a police officer.<ref name="GBD20162" /><ref name=Bra2016>{{cite journal |last1=Branas |first1=CC |last2=Han |first2=S |last3=Wiebe |first3=DJ |title=Alcohol Use and Firearm Violence |journal=Epidemiologic Reviews |date=2016 |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=32–45 |doi=10.1093/epirev/mxv010 |pmid=26811427|pmc=4762248 }}</ref> Wer guns be more common, altercations more often dey end in death;<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cukier |first1=W |last2=Eagen |first2=SA |title=Gun violence. |journal=Current Opinion in Psychology |date=February 2018 |volume=19 |pages=109–112 |doi=10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.04.008 |pmid=29279206|s2cid=20214015 }}</ref> however, firearm laws, particularly background checks den permit to purchase, fi decrease dis risk.<ref name=Lee2017>{{cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=LK |last2=Fleegler |first2=EW |last3=Farrell |first3=C |last4=Avakame |first4=E |last5=Srinivasan |first5=S |last6=Hemenway |first6=D |last7=Monuteaux |first7=MC |title=Firearm Laws and Firearm Homicides: A Systematic Review. |journal=JAMA Internal Medicine |date=1 January 2017 |volume=177 |issue=1 |pages=106–119 |doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.7051 |pmid=27842178|s2cid=205119294 }}</ref> Safer firearm storage fi decrease de risk of firearm-related deaths insyd kiddies.<ref name=San2016>{{cite journal |last1=Santaella-Tenorio |first1=J |last2=Cerdá |first2=M |last3=Villaveces |first3=A |last4=Galea |first4=S |title=What Do We Know About the Association Between Firearm Legislation and Firearm-Related Injuries? |journal=Epidemiologic Reviews |date=2016 |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=140–57 |doi=10.1093/epirev/mxv012 |pmid=26905895|pmc=6283012 }}</ref> Before management begin, de area for be verified as safe.<ref name=Bre2017/> Dis be followed by stopping major bleeding, then assessing den supporting de airway, breathing, den circulation.<ref name=Bre2017>{{cite book |last1=Breeze |first1=John |last2=Penn-Barwell |first2=Jowan G. |last3=Keene |first3=Damian |last4=O'Reilly |first4=David |last5=Jeyanathan |first5=Jeyasankar |last6=Mahoney |first6=Peter F. |title=Ballistic Trauma: A Practical Guide |date=2017 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9783319613642 |page=75 |edition=4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Zc6DwAAQBAJ&pg=PP75 |language=en}}</ref> Insyd 2015, about a million gunshot wounds occur from interpersonal violence.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2016-10-08 |title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5055577/ |journal=Lancet (London, England) |volume=388 |issue=10053 |pages=1545–1602 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 |issn=1474-547X |pmc=5055577 |pmid=27733282}}</ref> Insyd 2016, firearms result in 251,000 deaths globally, up from 209,000 insyd 1990.<ref name=GBD2016>{{cite journal |others=Global Burden of Disease 2016 Injury Collaborators. |last1=Naghavi |first1=Mohsen |last2=Marczak |first2=Laurie |display-authors=etal |title=Global Mortality From Firearms, 1990-2016 |journal=JAMA |date=28 August 2018 |volume=320 |issue=8 |pages=792–814 |doi=10.1001/jama.2018.10060 |pmid=30167700|pmc=6143020 }}</ref> Of dese deaths, 161,000 (64%) be de result of assault, 67,500 (27%) be de result of [[suicide]], den 23,000 (9%) be accidents.<ref name=GBD2016/> Insyd de [[United States]], guns result in about 40,000 deaths insyd 2017.<ref name=AIM2019>{{cite journal |last1=McLean |first1=Robert M. |last2=Harris |first2=Patrice |last3=Cullen |first3=John |last4=Maier |first4=Ronald V. |last5=Yasuda |first5=Kyle E. |last6=Schwartz |first6=Bruce J. |last7=Benjamin |first7=Georges C. |title=Firearm-Related Injury and Death in the United States: A Call to Action From the Nation's Leading Physician and Public Health Professional Organizations |journal=Annals of Internal Medicine |date=7 August 2019 |doi=10.7326/M19-2441|pmid=31390463 |volume=171 |issue=8 |pages=573–577 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Firearm-related deaths be most common insyd males between de ages of 20 den 24 years.<ref name=GBD2016/> Dem estimate economic costs secof gunshot wounds at $140 billion a year insyd de United States.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rhee |first1=PM |last2=Moore |first2=EE |last3=Joseph |first3=B |last4=Tang |first4=A |last5=Pandit |first5=V |last6=Vercruysse |first6=G |title=Gunshot wounds: A review of ballistics, bullets, weapons, and myths |journal=The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery |date=June 2016 |volume=80 |issue=6 |pages=853–67 |doi=10.1097/TA.0000000000001037 |pmid=26982703}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] jm54adtsa67ck5dzook50aw1vgtgf8o 97453 97452 2026-04-30T22:13:15Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A '''gunshot wound''' ('''GSW''') be a penetrating injury wey a projectile cause (e.g., a bullet) dem shoot from a gun.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gunshot wound definition and meaning {{!}} Collins English Dictionary |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/gunshot-wound |website=www.collinsdictionary.com |access-date=13 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=Pt2019>{{cite web |title=Gunshot Injuries; Gunshot wounds (GSW) information |url=http://patient.info/doctor/gunshot-injuries |website=patient.info |access-date=13 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Damage fi include bleeding, bone fractures, organ damage, wound infection, den loss of de ability to move part of de body.<ref name="ADAM2019">{{cite web |title=Gunshot wounds - aftercare: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000737.htm |website=medlineplus.gov |access-date=13 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Damage dey depend on de part of de body hit, de path de bullet dey follow thru (anaa into) de body, den de type den speed of de bullet.<ref name=Pt2019/> Insyd severe cases, although no be uncommon, de injury be fatal. Long-term complications fi include bowel obstruction, failure to thrive, neurogenic bladder den paralysis, recurrent cardiorespiratory distress den pneumothorax, hypoxic brain injury wey dey lead to early [[dementia]], amputations, chronic pain den pain plus light touch (hyperalgesia), deep venous thrombosis plus pulmonary embolus, limb swelling den debility, den lead poisoning.<ref name="ADAM2019" /><ref name=Ortho2019>{{cite web |title=Gun Shot Wounds - Trauma - Orthobullets |url=https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1059/gun-shot-wounds |website=www.orthobullets.com |access-date=13 July 2019}}</ref> Factors wey determine rates of gun violence dey vary by country.<ref name="GBD20162">{{cite journal |last1=Naghavi |first1=Mohsen |last2=Marczak |first2=Laurie |display-authors=etal |date=28 August 2018 |others=Global Burden of Disease 2016 Injury Collaborators. |title=Global Mortality From Firearms, 1990-2016 |journal=JAMA |volume=320 |issue=8 |pages=792–814 |doi=10.1001/jama.2018.10060 |pmc=6143020 |pmid=30167700}}</ref> Dese factors fi include de illegal drug trade, easy access to firearms, substance misuse wey dey include alcohol, mental health problems, firearm laws, social attitudes, economic differences, den occupations such as being a police officer.<ref name="GBD20162" /><ref name=Bra2016>{{cite journal |last1=Branas |first1=CC |last2=Han |first2=S |last3=Wiebe |first3=DJ |title=Alcohol Use and Firearm Violence |journal=Epidemiologic Reviews |date=2016 |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=32–45 |doi=10.1093/epirev/mxv010 |pmid=26811427|pmc=4762248 }}</ref> Wer guns be more common, altercations more often dey end in death;<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cukier |first1=W |last2=Eagen |first2=SA |title=Gun violence. |journal=Current Opinion in Psychology |date=February 2018 |volume=19 |pages=109–112 |doi=10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.04.008 |pmid=29279206|s2cid=20214015 }}</ref> however, firearm laws, particularly background checks den permit to purchase, fi decrease dis risk.<ref name=Lee2017>{{cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=LK |last2=Fleegler |first2=EW |last3=Farrell |first3=C |last4=Avakame |first4=E |last5=Srinivasan |first5=S |last6=Hemenway |first6=D |last7=Monuteaux |first7=MC |title=Firearm Laws and Firearm Homicides: A Systematic Review. |journal=JAMA Internal Medicine |date=1 January 2017 |volume=177 |issue=1 |pages=106–119 |doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.7051 |pmid=27842178|s2cid=205119294 }}</ref> Safer firearm storage fi decrease de risk of firearm-related deaths insyd kiddies.<ref name=San2016>{{cite journal |last1=Santaella-Tenorio |first1=J |last2=Cerdá |first2=M |last3=Villaveces |first3=A |last4=Galea |first4=S |title=What Do We Know About the Association Between Firearm Legislation and Firearm-Related Injuries? |journal=Epidemiologic Reviews |date=2016 |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=140–57 |doi=10.1093/epirev/mxv012 |pmid=26905895|pmc=6283012 }}</ref> Before management begin, de area for be verified as safe.<ref name=Bre2017/> Dis be followed by stopping major bleeding, then assessing den supporting de airway, breathing, den circulation.<ref name=Bre2017>{{cite book |last1=Breeze |first1=John |last2=Penn-Barwell |first2=Jowan G. |last3=Keene |first3=Damian |last4=O'Reilly |first4=David |last5=Jeyanathan |first5=Jeyasankar |last6=Mahoney |first6=Peter F. |title=Ballistic Trauma: A Practical Guide |date=2017 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9783319613642 |page=75 |edition=4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Zc6DwAAQBAJ&pg=PP75 |language=en}}</ref> Insyd 2015, about a million gunshot wounds occur from interpersonal violence.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2016-10-08 |title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5055577/ |journal=Lancet (London, England) |volume=388 |issue=10053 |pages=1545–1602 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 |issn=1474-547X |pmc=5055577 |pmid=27733282}}</ref> Insyd 2016, firearms result in 251,000 deaths globally, up from 209,000 insyd 1990.<ref name=GBD2016>{{cite journal |others=Global Burden of Disease 2016 Injury Collaborators. |last1=Naghavi |first1=Mohsen |last2=Marczak |first2=Laurie |display-authors=etal |title=Global Mortality From Firearms, 1990-2016 |journal=JAMA |date=28 August 2018 |volume=320 |issue=8 |pages=792–814 |doi=10.1001/jama.2018.10060 |pmid=30167700|pmc=6143020 }}</ref> Of dese deaths, 161,000 (64%) be de result of assault, 67,500 (27%) be de result of [[suicide]], den 23,000 (9%) be accidents.<ref name=GBD2016/> Insyd de [[United States]], guns result in about 40,000 deaths insyd 2017.<ref name=AIM2019>{{cite journal |last1=McLean |first1=Robert M. |last2=Harris |first2=Patrice |last3=Cullen |first3=John |last4=Maier |first4=Ronald V. |last5=Yasuda |first5=Kyle E. |last6=Schwartz |first6=Bruce J. |last7=Benjamin |first7=Georges C. |title=Firearm-Related Injury and Death in the United States: A Call to Action From the Nation's Leading Physician and Public Health Professional Organizations |journal=Annals of Internal Medicine |date=7 August 2019 |doi=10.7326/M19-2441|pmid=31390463 |volume=171 |issue=8 |pages=573–577 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Firearm-related deaths be most common insyd males between de ages of 20 den 24 years.<ref name=GBD2016/> Dem estimate economic costs secof gunshot wounds at $140 billion a year insyd de United States.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rhee |first1=PM |last2=Moore |first2=EE |last3=Joseph |first3=B |last4=Tang |first4=A |last5=Pandit |first5=V |last6=Vercruysse |first6=G |title=Gunshot wounds: A review of ballistics, bullets, weapons, and myths |journal=The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery |date=June 2016 |volume=80 |issue=6 |pages=853–67 |doi=10.1097/TA.0000000000001037 |pmid=26982703}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [http://radiology.rsna.org/content/240/2/522.full Virtual Autopsy – CT scans of fatal gunshot wounds] * [http://patient.info/doctor/gunshot-injuries Patient.info] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Medical emergencies]] [[Category:Causes of death]] [[Category:Injuries]] [[Category:Ballistics]] [[Category:Gun violence]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 9tqm4ch6jjrnod0wen0yvh8v4ljpa9i Category:Injuries 14 26653 97454 2026-04-30T22:13:54Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97454 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Ballistics 14 26654 97455 2026-04-30T22:16:34Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97455 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Gun violence 14 26655 97456 2026-04-30T22:18:45Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97456 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Buprenorphine 0 26656 97457 2026-04-30T22:21:33Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1466606|Buprenorphine]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 97457 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u 97458 97457 2026-04-30T22:52:06Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Buprenorphine''' be an opioid dem use to treat opioid use disorder, acute pain, den chronic pain.<ref name=ASHP2017 /> E fi be used under de tongue (sublingual), insyd de cheek (buccal), by injection (intravenous den subcutaneous), as a skin patch (transdermal), anaa as an implant.<ref name=ASHP2017 /><ref>{{cite press release |title=FDA approves first buprenorphine implant for treatment of opioid dependence |url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-buprenorphine-implant-treatment-opioid-dependence |publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration|date=26 May 2016|access-date=12 December 2017|archive-date=30 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130112207/https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm503719.htm}}</ref> Being a partial MOR agonist, buprenorphine dey offer flexibility to prescribers treating opioid use disorder as de dosage fi be easily adjusted. Buprenorphine generally be used as a medication for treating opioid use disorder. Insyd de [[United States]], buprenorphine hydrochloride (den a combination formula, buprenorphine hydrochloride/naloxone,) be schedule III controlled substances. == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == pbpweq6882uqbm7oqsjo8fafbfvbek4 97459 97458 2026-04-30T23:06:44Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Buprenorphine''' be an opioid dem use to treat opioid use disorder, acute pain, den chronic pain.<ref name="ASHP20172">{{cite web |date=26 January 2017 |title=Buprenorphine Hydrochloride |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/buprenorphine-hydrochloride.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718164516/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/buprenorphine-hydrochloride.html |archive-date=18 July 2017 |access-date=17 March 2017 |website=drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists}}</ref> E fi be used under de tongue (sublingual), insyd de cheek (buccal), by injection (intravenous den subcutaneous), as a skin patch (transdermal), anaa as an implant.<ref name="ASHP20172" /><ref>{{cite press release |title=FDA approves first buprenorphine implant for treatment of opioid dependence |url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-buprenorphine-implant-treatment-opioid-dependence |publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration|date=26 May 2016|access-date=12 December 2017|archive-date=30 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130112207/https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm503719.htm}}</ref> Insyd de United States, de combination formulation of buprenorphine/naloxone (Suboxone) usually be prescribed to discourage misuse by injection.<ref name="ASHP20172" /> Maximum pain relief generally be within an hour plus effects up to 24 hours.<ref name="ASHP20172" /> Buprenorphine dey affect different types of opioid receptors insyd different ways.<ref name="ASHP20172" /> Dey depend on de type of opioid receptor, e fi be an agonist, partial agonist, anaa antagonist.<ref name="ASHP20172" /> Buprenorphine ein activity as an agonist/antagonist be important insyd de treatment of opioid use disorder: e dey relieve withdrawal symptoms from oda opioids den dey induce sam euphoria (primarily wen first dey start treatment if one no already be opioid tolerant/dependent), buh sanso dey block de ability give chaw oda opioids, wey dey include [[heroin]], to cause an effect. Unlike full agonists like heroin anaa methadone, buprenorphine get a ceiling effect, such that taking more medicine past a certain point no go increase de effects of de drug.<ref name="pmid22346191">{{cite journal |vauthors=Whelan PJ, Remski K |title=Buprenorphine vs methadone treatment: A review of evidence in both developed and developing worlds |journal=Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45–50 |date=January 2012 |pmid=22346191 |pmc=3271614 |doi=10.4103/0976-3147.91934 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Being a partial MOR agonist, buprenorphine dey offer flexibility to prescribers treating opioid use disorder as de dosage fi be easily adjusted. Buprenorphine generally be used as a medication for treating opioid use disorder. Insyd de [[United States]], buprenorphine hydrochloride (den a combination formula, buprenorphine hydrochloride/naloxone,) be schedule III controlled substances. == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == 4q7i3npnqtbare8wsd3opuc1y3tk93i