Wikipedia gpewiki https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.15 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Jimmy Wales 0 2106 110169 103997 2026-08-18T16:04:06Z ~2026-45198-77 7387 110169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jimmy Donal Wales''' (dem born am August 7, 1966), dem san so know am as '''Jimbo Wales''', be American–British Internet entrepreneur, webmaster den former financial trader. He be co-founder for de online non-profit encyclopedia [[Wikipedia]] den de for-profit wiki hosting service Fandom (formerly Wikia). He job for oda online projects top, wey dey include Bomis, Nupedia, WikiTribune, den WT Social. Na dem born Wales insyd Huntsville, Alabama, wer he attend de Randolph School. He earn bachelor's den master's degrees insyd finance from Auburn University den de University of Alabama, respectively. Insyd graduate school, Wales teach at two universities; he depart before he plete PhD make he take a job insyd finance den later he work as de research director of Chicago Options Associates. Insyd 1996, Wales den two partners found Bomis, web portal dem know for featuring erotic photographs. Bomis provide de initial funding for de free peer-reviewed encyclopedia Nupedia (2000–2003). For January 15, 2001, plus Larry Sanger den odas, Wales launch Wikipedia, free open-content encyclopedia wey enjoy rapid growth den popularity. As ein public profile grow, Wales cam turn ein promoter den spokesman. Though he be historically credited as co-founder, he dispute dis, wey he dey declare ein self de sole founder. Wales dey serve for de Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees top, de charity wey he help establish make e operate Wikipedia, dey hold ein board-appointed "community founder" seat. Wales dey give an annual "State of the Wiki" address at de Wikimania conference.<ref>Toor, Amar (July 15, 2012). [https://www.theverge.com/2012/7/15/3160926/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-gender-gap-kate-middleton-wedding-dress "Jimmy Wales, Mary Gardiner address Wikipedia's gender gap at Wikimania conference"]. ''The Verge''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170708195532/https://www.theverge.com/2012/7/15/3160926/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-gender-gap-kate-middleton-wedding-dress Archived] from the original on July 8, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2017.</ref> For ein role in make he create Wikipedia, ''Time'' name am one of "The 100 Most Influential People in the World" insyd 2006. == Publications == * Brooks, Robert; Corson, Jon; Wales, Jimmy Donal (1994). "The Pricing of Index Options When the Underlying Assets All Follow a Lognormal Diffusion". ''Advances in Futures and Options Research''. '''7'''. SSRN [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5735 5735]. * Wales, Jimmy; Weckerle, Andrea (December 31, 2008). "Foreword". In Fraser, Matthew; Dutta, Soumitra (eds.). ''[[iarchive:throwingsheepinb00fras|Throwing Sheep in the Boardroom: How Online Social Networking Will Transform Your Life, Work and World]]'' (1st ed.). Wiley. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-470-74014-9|978-0-470-74014-9]]</bdi>. OCLC [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/233939846 233939846]. * Wales, Jimmy; Weckerle, Andrea (January 8, 2009). [http://edition.cnn.com/2009/TECH/01/07/wales.obama.cto/ "Commentary: Create a tech-friendly U.S. government"]. CNN. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110816141243/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/TECH/01/07/wales.obama.cto/ Archived] from the original on August 16, 2011. Retrieved December 29, 2009. * Wales, Jimmy; Weckerle, Andrea (February 10, 2009). "Foreword". In Powell, Juliette (ed.). ''[[iarchive:33millionpeoplei0000powe|33 Million People in the Room: How to Create, Influence, and Run a Successful Business with Social Networking]]'' (1st ed.). Financial Times Press. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-13-715435-7|978-0-13-715435-7]]</bdi>. OCLC [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/244066502 244066502]. * Wales, Jimmy; Weckerle, Andrea (March 3, 2009). "Foreword". In Weber, Larry (ed.). ''Marketing to the Social Web: How Digital Customer Communities Build Your Business'' (2nd ed.). Wiley. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-470-41097-4|978-0-470-41097-4]]</bdi>. OCLC [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/244060887 244060887]. * Wales, Jimmy (March 17, 2009). "Foreword". In Lih, Andrew (ed.). ''[[:en:The_Wikipedia_Revolution:_How_a_Bunch_of_Nobodies_Created_the_World's_Greatest_Encyclopedia|The Wikipedia Revolution: How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the World's Greatest Encyclopedia]]'' (1st ed.). Hyperion. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4013-0371-6|978-1-4013-0371-6]]</bdi>. OCLC [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/232977686 232977686]. * Wales, Jimmy; Weckerle, Andrea (March 30, 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160319004854/http://www.aef.com/industry/news/data/2009/9014 "Most Define User-Generated Content Too Narrowly"]. ''Advertising Age''. '''80'''. Archived from [http://www.aef.com/industry/news/data/2009/9014 the original] on July 18, 2012. Retrieved May 4, 2009. * Wales, Jimmy; Weckerle, Andrea (December 28, 2009). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704107104574572101333074122 "Keep a Civil Cybertongue"]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170519001651/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704107104574572101333074122 Archived] from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved August 8, 2017. * Mons, B.; Ashburner, M.; Chichester, C.; Van Mulligen, E.; Weeber, M.; Den Dunnen, J.; Van Ommen, G. J.; Musen, M.; Cockerill, M.; Hermjakob, H.; Mons, A.; Packer, A.; Pacheco, R.; Lewis, S.; Berkeley, A.; Melton, W.; Barris, N.; Wales, J.; Meijssen, G.; Moeller, E.; Roes, P.; Borner, K.; Bairoch, A. (2008). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2441475 "Calling on a million minds for community annotation in WikiProteins"]. ''Genome Biology''. '''9''' (5): R89. doi:[[doi:10.1186/gb-2008-9-5-r89|10.1186/gb-2008-9-5-r89]]. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1465-6906 1465-6906]. PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2441475 2441475]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18507872 18507872]. [[File:293_GD-Preis_5524_crop.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:293_GD-Preis_5524_crop.jpg|thumb|Wales for de 2011 Gottlieb Duttweiler Awards Show]] [[File:Maastricht-39e_Diesviering_in_de_St._Janskerk_(Universiteit_Maastricht)_(37).JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maastricht-39e_Diesviering_in_de_St._Janskerk_(Universiteit_Maastricht)_(37).JPG|thumb|Wales dey receive honorary doctorate from Maastricht University, 2015]] [[File:Jimmy_Wales_Accepting_the_Dan_David_Prize.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jimmy_Wales_Accepting_the_Dan_David_Prize.jpg|thumb|Jimmy Wales dey accept de Dan David Prize for de Tel Aviv University, 2015]] == References == [[Category:1966 births]] [[Category:20th-century American businesspeople]] [[Category:21st-century American businesspeople]] [[Category:British Wikimedians]] [[Category:Creative Commons-licensed authors]] [[Category:Indiana University alumni]] [[Category:History of Wikipedia]] [[Category:People wey komot Huntsville, Alabama]] [[Category:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees members]] [[Category:Wikipedia people]] <references /> == Bibliography == * Poe, Marshall (September 2006). [https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia "The Hive"]. ''The Atlantic Monthly''. '''298''' (2): 86–94. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080704202107/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/ Archived] from the original on July 4, 2008. Retrieved February 29, 2008. == Read further == * "[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/wikipedia-jimmy-wales-morley-safer-60-minutes-2/ Wikimania: Meet the Wikipedians. Those "persnickety," techy types who keep your favorite Internet information website brimming with data]." ''60 Minutes'': Morley Safer interviewing Jimmy Wales. First aired on April 5, 2015. Rebroadcast on July 26, 2015. * Wales, Jimmy (July 2005). [https://www.ted.com/talks/jimmy_wales_on_the_birth_of_wikipedia "The birth of Wikipedia – Jimmy Wales recalls how he assembled "a ragtag band of volunteers," gave them tools for collaborating and created Wikipedia, the self-organizing, self-correcting, never-finished online encyclopedia"]. TED talks. * [http://www.onbeing.org/program/jimmy-wales-the-sum-of-all-human-knowledge/8916 On Being w/Krista Tippett] [https://web.archive.org/web/20170109203631/http://www.onbeing.org/program/jimmy-wales-the-sum-of-all-human-knowledge/8916 Archived] January 9, 2017, at de Wayback Machine; Jimmy Wales – The Sum of All Human Knowledge (broadcast WAMU American University) September 11, 2016 * "[https://www.newsweek.com/2019/12/20/wikipedia-jimmy-wales-facebook-artificial-intelligence-1476534.html Wikipedia Founder Jimmy Wales is Taking on Facebook and the Dangers Lurking in the Rise of Artificial Intelligence]", by Fred Guterl, ''Newsweek'', December 12, 2019. == External links == '''Jimmy Wales''' at Wikipedia ein sisto projects * [[File:Commons-logo.svg|link=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Basshunter?uselang=gpe|16x16px]] [[commons:Jimmy_Wales|Wikimedia Commons]] * [[File:Wikiquote-logo.svg|link=https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Basshunter?uselang=gpe|16x16px]] [[wikiquote:Jimmy_Wales|Wikiquote]] * [[File:Wikidata-logo.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383541|16x16px]] [[wikidata:Q181|Wikidata]] * [[File:Wikinews-logo.svg|link=https://www.wikinews.org/wiki/Q383541|16x16px]] [[wikinews:Category:Jimmy_Wales|Wikinews]] * [[File:Wikisource-logo.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383541|16x16px]] [[wikisource:Author:Jimmy_Donal_Wales|Wikisource]] * [[metawiki:Jimbo_Wales|Discussions]] from Meta-Wiki * [https://jimmywales.com/ Official website] * [[imdbname:2467065|Jimmy Wales]] at IMDb * [https://charlierose.com/guests/3804 Jimmy Wales] on ''Charlie Rose'' * [https://www.c-span.org/person/?1015974 Appearances] on C-SPAN * [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jimmy_wales Jimmy Wales] at TED *Roberts, Russ (March 9, 2009). [http://www.econtalk.org/archives/_featuring/jimmy_wales/ "Wales on Wikipedia"]. ''EconTalk''. Library of Economics and Liberty. * [[:en:Wikipedia:Role_of_Jimmy_Wales|Wikipedia:Role of Jimmy Wales]], Wales ein role insyd de English Wikipedia as described by ein editors * ''[http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/10/19/you-can-look-it-up-the-wikipedia-story.html You can look it up: The Wikipedia story]'' – excerpt from de 2014 book ''The Innovators'' * [[:en:User:Jimbo_Wales|Wikipedia userpage]] * [http://community.fandom.com/wiki/User:Jimbo_Wales Wikia userpage] * Wales, Jimmy (December 9, 2016). [https://www.cato.org/multimedia/cato-daily-podcast/how-wikipedia-works "How Wikipedia Works"]. ''cato.org''. Cato Institute. <q>Jimmy Wales, founder of Wikipedia, discusses the site, how it's treated by governments, and how it's fueled by its users.</q> [[Category:American bloggers]] [[Category:American emigrants to England]] [[Category:American technology company founders]] [[Category:American social entrepreneurs]] [[Category:Auburn University alumni]] [[Category:American Wikimedians]] [[Category:Berkman Fellows]] [[Category:British technology company founders]] [[Category:English Wikimedians]] [[Category:Fandom (website)]] [[Category:Indiana University Bloomington alumni]] [[Category:Intelligent Community Forum]] [[Category:Members of de Creative Commons board of directors]] [[Category:Naturalised citizens of de United Kingdom]] [[Category:People wey komot St. Petersburg, Florida]] [[Category:Recipients of de President's Medal (British Academy)]] [[Category:UNESCO Niels Bohr Medal recipients]] [[Category:University of Alabama alumni]] [[Category:Winners of The Economist innovation awards]] 3gojszkdnorlsvpdey0cx0i35nc4wt0 Climate change in Africa 0 27232 110207 102927 2026-08-18T20:10:02Z DaSupremo 9 Reverted edit 110207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Temperature Bar Chart Africa--1901-2020--2021-07-14.png|thumb|upright=1.33|Graph wey dey show temperature change insyd Africa between 1901 den 2021, plus red colour be warmer den blue being colder dan average (De average temperature during 1971–2000 be taken as de reference point for dese changes.)]] '''Climate change in Africa''' be a serious threat as Africa be one of de most vulnerable regions to de effects of climate change, despite contributing de least to causing am. Climate change be causing increasingly erratic rainfall patterns, more frequent extreme weather events wey dey include droughts, [[Flood|floods]], den rising sea surface temperatures insyd Africa. Dese changes dey threaten chow den water security, biodiversity, public health, den economic development.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009325844/type/book |title=Climate Change 2022 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Working Group II Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |date=2023-06-22 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-009-32584-4 |edition=1 |chapter=Africa |pages=1285–1456 |doi=10.1017/9781009325844.011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=United Nations |first=UNEP |date=2017 |title=Responding to climate change |url=http://www.unep.org/regions/africa/regional-initiatives/responding-climate-change |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=UNEP – UN Environment Programme |language=en}}</ref> Africa be currently warming faster dan de rest of de world on average.<ref>{{Cite web |last=World Meterological Organization |date=2024-09-02 |title=Africa faces disproportionate burden from climate change and adaptation costs |url=https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/africa-faces-disproportionate-burden-from-climate-change-and-adaptation-costs |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=World Meteorological Organization |language=en}}</ref> Na Climate change dey intensify existing socioeconomic vulnerabilities. Large segments of de African population depend on climate-sensitive livelihoods such as agriculture (55 - 62% of de workforce insyd sub-Saharan Africa)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009325844/type/book |title=Climate Change 2022 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Working Group II Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |date=2023-06-22 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-009-32584-4 |edition=1 |pages=1289 |chapter=Africa |doi=10.1017/9781009325844.011}}</ref> den already live insyd poverty, wey dey heighten dema exposure to shocks. Health outcomes worsen as heat stress, vector borne - diseases (such as [[malaria]] den [[Dengue fever|dengue]]), den [[malnutrition]] becam more prevalent. Over half (56%) of de over 2,000 recorded public health incidents insyd Africa between 2001 den 2021 dey connect to climate change.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Africa CDC |url=https://africacdc.org/download/climate-change-and-health-strategic-framework-2025/ |title=Climate Change and Health: Strategic Framework 2025 |date=7 July 2025 |pages=vii}}</ref> Resources scarcity dey contribute to displacement den conflict, particularly insyd fragile regions. Urban areas, often be characterized by informal settlements, face heightened risks from flooding den extreme heat.<ref name=":02" /> Agriculture be one of de most vulnerable sectors, as most African farmers rely on rainfed crops. Reduced den unpredictable rainfall, combined plus higher temperatures, drives soil moisture loss, desertification (especially insyd de Sahara) den shifts suitable growing areas. Dese changes lower yields of staple crops, wey dey undermine food security den worsening hunger. Livestock health be increasingly compromised by heat stress den shifting disease patterns. Coastal den marine ecosystems face warming seas den rising levels, wich threaten fisheries den densely populated coastal settlements.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fonjong |first1=Lotsmart |last2=Matose |first2=Frank |last3=Sonnenfeld |first3=David A. |date=2024-12-01 |title=Climate change in Africa: Impacts, adaptation, and policy responses |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095937802400116X |journal=Global Environmental Change |volume=89 |article-number=102912 |doi=10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102912 |bibcode=2024GEC....8902912F |issn=0959-3780}}</ref> De economic toll of climate change be severe. On average African countries face climate-related losses wey dey amount to 2-5% of GDP annually, while adaptation costs insyd sub-Saharan Africa be projected at USD 30-50 billion per year over de next decade. Dis dey threaten development gains den places pressure on governments den international institutions to mobilise [[climate finance]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=World Meteorological Organization |url=https://uneca.org/sites/default/files/ACPC/publication/State-of-the-Climate-in-Africa-2023_en.pdf |title=State of the Climate in Africa: 2023 |date=2024 |isbn=978-92-63-11360-3 |location=Geneva}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=European Investment Bank |url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/finance-in-africa-navigating-the-financial-landscape-in-turbulent-times |title=Finance in Africa - Navigating the financial landscape in turbulent times |date=2022-10-19 |publisher=European Investment Bank |isbn=978-92-861-5382-2 |language=EN}}</ref> Africa ein climate change adaptation strategies dey focus on building resilience thru climate - smart agriculture, sustainable water management, ecosystem conservation, den strengthening health den infrastructure systems. Dese approaches prioritise enhancing governance, mobilising [[climate finance]] den investment, den fostering community participation to address vulnerability holistically.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tadesse |first=Debay |date=1 December 2010 |title=The impact of climate change in Africa |url=https://issafrica.org/research/papers/the-impact-of-climate-change-in-africa |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=ISS Africa |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Badji |first1=Arfang |last2=Ibanda |first2=Angele |last3=Akello |first3=Sarah |last4=Ekwamu |first4=Adipala |date=2022 |title=Climate change impacts and adaptation strategies in Africa: Selected case studies |url=https://afjrdev.org/index.php/jos/article/view/410 |journal=African Journal of Rural Development |language=en |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=209–274 |issn=2415-2838}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ngongolo |first1=Kelvin |last2=Gayo |first2=Leopody |date=2025-05-21 |title=Climate change impacts and mitigation strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa's livestock production sector. A brief review |journal=Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice |language=English |volume=15 |article-number=14225 |doi=10.3389/past.2025.14225 |bibcode=2025PRPP...1514225N |doi-access=free |issn=2041-7136}}</ref> Continental den national frameworks emphasise multi-sectoral coordination, technology adoption, den capacity building to support sustainable development den reduce climate risk.<ref>{{Cite book |last=African Union |url=https://au.int/en/documents/20220628/african-union-climate-change-and-resilient-development-strategy-and-action-plan |title=African Union Climate Change and Resilient Development Strategy and Action Plan (2022-2032) |date=28 June 2022 |publisher=African Union}}</ref> ==Greenhouse gas emissions== Africa ein per person greenhouse gas emissions be low compared to oda continents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/outreach/IPCC_AR6_WGII_FactSheet_Africa.pdf|title=Fact sheet - Africa|accessdate=4 August 2024}}</ref> Emissions from land use change be uncertain, especially insyd [[Central Africa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Mostefaoui |first1=Mounia |last2=Ciais |first2=Philippe |last3=McGrath |first3=Matthew J. |last4=Peylin |first4=Philippe |last5=Patra |first5=Prabir K. |last6=Ernst |first6=Yolandi |date=2024-01-11 |title=Greenhouse gas emissions and their trends over the last 3 decades across Africa |url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/245/2024/ |journal=Earth System Science Data |language=en |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=245–275 |doi=10.5194/essd-16-245-2024 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2024ESSD...16..245M |issn=1866-3516}}</ref> De main source of uncertainty dey cam from carbon dioxide fluxes insyd de LULUCF sector (dis acronym dey stand for land use, land-use change, den forestry).<ref name=":0" /> == Impacts == ===Temperature den weather changes=== {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | total_width = 300 | image1 = Koppen-Geiger Map v2 Africa 1991–2020.svg | caption1 = Köppen climate classification map for Africa for 1991–2020 | image2 = Koppen-Geiger Map Africa future.svg | caption2 = 2071–2100 map under de most intense climate change scenario. Mid-range scenarios are currently considered more likely.<ref name="HausfatherPeters2020">{{cite journal|last1=Hausfather|first1=Zeke|last2=Peters|first2=Glen|title=Emissions – the 'business as usual' story is misleading|journal=Nature|date=29 January 2020|volume=577|issue=7792|pages=618–20|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3|pmid=31996825|bibcode=2020Natur.577..618H|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Schuur2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Schuur |first1=Edward A.G. |last2=Abbott |first2=Benjamin W. |last3=Commane |first3=Roisin |last4=Ernakovich |first4=Jessica |last5=Euskirchen |first5=Eugenie |last6=Hugelius |first6=Gustaf |last7=Grosse |first7=Guido |last8=Jones |first8=Miriam |last9=Koven |first9=Charlie |last10=Leshyk |first10=Victor |last11=Lawrence |first11=David |last12=Loranty |first12=Michael M. |last13=Mauritz |first13=Marguerite |last14=Olefeldt |first14=David |last15=Natali |first15=Susan |last16=Rodenhizer |first16=Heidi |last17=Salmon |first17=Verity |last18=Schädel |first18=Christina |last19=Strauss |first19=Jens |last20=Treat |first20=Claire |last21=Turetsky |first21=Merritt |year=2022 |title=Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic |journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources |volume=47 |pages=343–371 |doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847 |quote="Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3°C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement..." |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ARER...47..343S }}</ref><ref name="Phiddian2022">{{Cite web |last=Phiddian |first=Ellen |date=5 April 2022 |title=Explainer: IPCC Scenarios |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ |website=[[Cosmos (magazine)|Cosmos]] |access-date=30 September 2023 |quote="The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. [[The Australian Academy of Science]], for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3°C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. [[Climate Action Tracker]] predicts 2.5 to 2.9°C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1°C. |archive-date=20 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920224129/https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} Observed surface temperatures generally increase over Africa since de late 19th century to de early 21st century by about 1°C, buh locally as much as 3°C for minimum temperature insyd de Sahel at de end of de dry season.<ref name="IRD-2017">{{Cite book |title=Rural societies in the face of climatic and environmental changes in West Africa |date=2017 |publisher=IRD éditions |isbn=978-2-7099-2424-5 |location=Marseille |oclc=1034784045 |id=Impr. Jouve}}</ref> De warming of Africa increase by +0.3 C from 1991 to 2021 versus +0.2 during 1961 to 1910. E be estimated dat by 2030, de people of Africa go be exposed to a rise insyd sea level secof an increase insyd temperature. Na dis go then cause agricultural productivity to decrease<ref>{{Cite book |last=Engel |first=Ulf |title=Yearbook on the African Union Volume 3 (2022) |date=2024 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-68308-2 |editor-last=Engel |editor-first=Ulf |location=Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar}}</ref>.Observed precipitation trends dey indicate spatial den temporal discrepancies as expected.<ref name="Collins-2011">{{cite journal |last1=Collins |first1=Jennifer M. |date=15 July 2011 |title=Temperature Variability over Africa |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=24 |issue=14 |pages=3649–3666 |bibcode=2011JCli...24.3649C |doi=10.1175/2011JCLI3753.1 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Niang-2014">Niang, I.; O. C. Ruppel; M. A. Abdrabo; A. Essel; C. Lennard; J. Padgham, and P. Urquhart, 2014: Africa. In: ''Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability''. [https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-Chap22_FINAL.pdf Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [Barros, V. R.; C. B. Field; D. J. Dokken et al. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1199–1265.</ref> De observed changes insyd temperature den [[precipitation]] vary regionally.<ref name="Conway-2009">{{cite journal |last1=Conway |first1=Declan |last2=Persechino |first2=Aurelie |last3=Ardoin-Bardin |first3=Sandra |last4=Hamandawana |first4=Hamisai |last5=Dieulin |first5=Claudine |last6=Mahé |first6=Gil |date=February 2009 |title=Rainfall and Water Resources Variability in Sub-Saharan Africa during the Twentieth Century |journal=Journal of Hydrometeorology |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=41–59 |bibcode=2009JHyMe..10...41C |doi=10.1175/2008JHM1004.1 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Collins-2011" /> Current climate models (as dem summarise insyd de IPCC Sixth Assessment Report) predict increases insyd frequency den intensity of drought den heavy rainfall events.<ref name="Armstrong-2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Armstrong |first1=Andrew |last2=Dyer |first2=Ellen |last3=Koehler |first3=Johanna |last4=Hope |first4=Rob |date=2022 |title=Intra-seasonal rainfall and piped water revenue variability in rural Africa |journal=Global Environmental Change |language=en |volume=76 |article-number=102592 |doi=10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102592|doi-access=free|bibcode=2022GEC....7602592A }} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]</ref> Dem sanso predict decreases insyd mean precipitation almost everywhere insyd Africa, plus medium to high confidence. However, local rainfall trends den socio-climatic interactions be likely to manifest insyd mixed patterns. Therefore, de converging impacts of climate change go vary across de continent. Insyd rural areas, rainfall patterns influence water usage.<ref name="Armstrong-2022" /> A study insyd 2019 dey predict increased dry spell length during wet seasons den increased extreme rainfall rates insyd Africa.<ref name="Kendon-2019">{{Cite journal |last1=Kendon |first1=Elizabeth J. |last2=Stratton |first2=Rachel A. |last3=Tucker |first3=Simon |last4=Marsham |first4=John H. |last5=Berthou |first5=Ségolène |last6=Rowell |first6=David P. |last7=Senior |first7=Catherine A. |date=2019 |title=Enhanced future changes in wet and dry extremes over Africa at convection-permitting scale |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |bibcode=2019NatCo..10.1794K |doi=10.1038/s41467-019-09776-9 |pmc=6478940 |pmid=31015416 |article-number=1794}}</ref> Insyd other words: "both ends of Africa's weather extremes fi get more severe".<ref name="Weather Channel-2022">{{Cite news |title=More Extreme Weather in Africa's Future, Study Says |url=https://weather.com/news/climate/news/2019-06-18-africa-extreme-weather-drought-flood |access-date=2022-07-01 |work=The Weather Channel |language=en-US}}</ref> De research find say most climate models no go be able to capture de extent of dese changes secof dem no be conviction-permitting at dema coarse grid scales.<ref name="Kendon-2019" /> === Sea level rise === [[File:Dar es Salaam (Aerial).jpg|thumb|Aerial view of de Tanzanian capital Dar es Salaam]] Insyd [[Africa]], future population growth dey amplify risks from sea level rise. Sam 54.2million people dey live insyd de highly exposed low elevation coastal zones (LECZ) around 2000. Dis number fi effectively double to around 110 million people by 2030. By 2060 e fi be around 185 to 230million people, wey dey depend on de extent of population growth. De average regional sea level rise go be around 21cm by 2060. At dat point climate change scenarios go make little difference. Buh local geography den population trends interact to increase de exposure to hazards like 100-year floods insyd a complex way.<ref name="AR6_WGII_Chapter9">Trisos, C. H., I. O. Adelekan, E. Totin, A. Ayanlade, J. Efitre, A. Gemeda, K. Kalaba, C. Lennard, C. Masao, Y. Mgaya, G. Ngaruiya, D. Olago, N. P. Simpson, and S. Zakieldeen 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter09.pdf Chapter 9: Africa]. In [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability] [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, New York, US, pp. 2043–2121 |doi=10.1017/9781009325844.011.</ref> [[File:Abidjan des Lagune.jpg|thumb|Abidjan, de economic powerhouse of Ivory Coast]] {| class="wikitable" |+Populations within 100-year floodplains.<ref name="AR6_WGII_Chapter9" /> !|Country !|2000 !|2030 !|2060 !|Growth 2000–2060 |- |[[Egypt]] || 7.4 || 13.8 || 20.7 || 0.28 |- |[[Nigeria]] || 0.1 || 0.3 || 0.9 || 0.84 |- |[[Senegal]] || 0.4 || 1.1 || 2.7 || 0.76 |- |[[Benin]] || 0.1 || 0.6 || 1.6 || 1.12 |- |[[Tanzania]] || 0.2 || 0.9 || 4.3 || 2.3 |- |[[Somalia]] || 0.2 || 0.6 || 2.7 || 1.7 |- |[[Ivory Coast|Côte d'Ivoire]]|| 0.1 || 0.3 || 0.7 || 0.65 |- |[[Mozambique]] || 0.7 || 1.4 || 2.5 || 0.36 |} == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://futureclimateafrica.org/ Future Climate For Africa programme] * [https://www.uneca.org/acpc African Climate Policy Centre] (ACCP) goal is to contribute to poverty reduction through successful mitigation and adaptation to climate change in Africa and to improve the capacity of African countries to participate effectively in multilateral climate negotiations. * [https://www.amma2050.org/ African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis 2050] (AMMA-2050) aim to address the challenges of understanding how the monsoon will change in future decades, to 2050, and how this information can be most effectively used to support climate-compatible development in the region. * (CARIAA) builds resilience by supporting collaborative research on climate change adaptation to inform adaptation policy and practice. * [https://wascal.org/ West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use] (WASCAL) is a research-focused Climate Service Centre designed to help tackle this challenge and thereby enhance the resilience of human and environmental systems to climate change and increased variability in West Africa. [[Category:Climate change by continent|Africa]] [[Category:Environment of Africa]] [[Category:Climate change insyd Africa]] 34eygkfxxu2t67lsp12pzijilk98j5p Health effects from noise 0 29166 110125 109249 2026-08-18T14:49:18Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref>''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system. Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach. For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc. === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd. For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays. For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd. Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] g54szgwf7nykt1n528lax766z4r7ugt 110126 110125 2026-08-18T14:50:22Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach. For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc. === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd. For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays. For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd. Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 4bdm7pwlfnxks54oei9v05ewra60lj6 110127 110126 2026-08-18T14:50:58Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc. === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd. For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays. For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd. Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 8y4514kg2lh47w6si1ouhabtx7q7o2u 110128 110127 2026-08-18T14:51:23Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd. For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays. For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd. Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 6rs33dcqj25vb1cxulig0fove8cv4q0 110129 110128 2026-08-18T14:52:41Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays. For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd. Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] ccyy89b2gq2da3j98785e7pv2b07jke 110131 110129 2026-08-18T14:54:22Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd. Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] koj786ht29e5sf6pli229osl3bamn25 110132 110131 2026-08-18T14:56:36Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd. Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] mxd2p5w7jy71jbngu14lp095h5rnegi 110134 110132 2026-08-18T15:01:33Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 6y4by3fw23c9v5yr8bcwj2j2jg2xtmd 110136 110134 2026-08-18T15:03:34Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110136 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] r439g6ufok41w01s81njanuv0fuf457 110141 110136 2026-08-18T15:17:26Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 0m0cxinjn40im5wvl3yp4dypaj09ol8 110145 110141 2026-08-18T15:18:32Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs sanso fi protect against oda effects of noise exposure wey dey include tinnitus den hyperacusis. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] g3je3y1vuuzfn67xip9kyhrhpdfn2z2 110146 110145 2026-08-18T15:18:59Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs sanso fi protect against oda effects of noise exposure wey dey include tinnitus den hyperacusis. Proper hygiene den care of HPDs fi reduce chances of outer ear infections. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] t6ljb5q3i0k28t6lklq4wo9c5v3ah3o 110147 110146 2026-08-18T15:19:31Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs sanso fi protect against oda effects of noise exposure wey dey include tinnitus den hyperacusis. Proper hygiene den care of HPDs fi reduce chances of outer ear infections. Der dey many different types of HPDs available give use, wey dey include earmuffs, earplugs, electronic hearing protection devices, den semi-insert devices. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] c7hqxrpvvtiqtbzjw1nud8bt1yykanl 110148 110147 2026-08-18T15:19:59Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs sanso fi protect against oda effects of noise exposure wey dey include tinnitus den hyperacusis. Proper hygiene den care of HPDs fi reduce chances of outer ear infections. Der dey many different types of HPDs available give use, wey dey include earmuffs, earplugs, electronic hearing protection devices, den semi-insert devices. One fi measure de personal attenuation rating thru a hearing protection fit-testing system. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] p6yqjcze9kz2ywc38c17qxeacwhg6qn 110149 110148 2026-08-18T15:20:53Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs sanso fi protect against oda effects of noise exposure wey dey include tinnitus den hyperacusis. Proper hygiene den care of HPDs fi reduce chances of outer ear infections. Der dey many different types of HPDs available give use, wey dey include earmuffs, earplugs, electronic hearing protection devices, den semi-insert devices. One fi measure de personal attenuation rating thru a hearing protection fit-testing system. Dem design earmuff-style hearing protection devices to fit ova de outer ear, anaa pinna. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] h9qbrkpvebe5mc07h8ka5e55jsah6uo 110150 110149 2026-08-18T15:21:38Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs sanso fi protect against oda effects of noise exposure wey dey include tinnitus den hyperacusis. Proper hygiene den care of HPDs fi reduce chances of outer ear infections. Der dey many different types of HPDs available give use, wey dey include earmuffs, earplugs, electronic hearing protection devices, den semi-insert devices. One fi measure de personal attenuation rating thru a hearing protection fit-testing system. Dem design earmuff-style hearing protection devices to fit ova de outer ear, anaa pinna. Earmuff HPDs typically dey consist of two ear cups den a headband. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 84gvdw3kxwh28so3tjz52p62h2cudwv 110151 110150 2026-08-18T15:22:06Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs sanso fi protect against oda effects of noise exposure wey dey include tinnitus den hyperacusis. Proper hygiene den care of HPDs fi reduce chances of outer ear infections. Der dey many different types of HPDs available give use, wey dey include earmuffs, earplugs, electronic hearing protection devices, den semi-insert devices. One fi measure de personal attenuation rating thru a hearing protection fit-testing system. Dem design earmuff-style hearing protection devices to fit ova de outer ear, anaa pinna. Earmuff HPDs typically dey consist of two ear cups den a headband. Dem design earplug style hearing protection devices to fit for de ear canal insyd. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] icslmcduqj3m2l7tchl8yo6y1451dpq 110152 110151 2026-08-18T15:22:37Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs sanso fi protect against oda effects of noise exposure wey dey include tinnitus den hyperacusis. Proper hygiene den care of HPDs fi reduce chances of outer ear infections. Der dey many different types of HPDs available give use, wey dey include earmuffs, earplugs, electronic hearing protection devices, den semi-insert devices. One fi measure de personal attenuation rating thru a hearing protection fit-testing system. Dem design earmuff-style hearing protection devices to fit ova de outer ear, anaa pinna. Earmuff HPDs typically dey consist of two ear cups den a headband. Dem design earplug style hearing protection devices to fit for de ear canal insyd. Earplugs dey cam for a variety of different subtypes insyd. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 59b69idkt25x36b2mng9skoagkgy2oo 110153 110152 2026-08-18T15:23:11Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs sanso fi protect against oda effects of noise exposure wey dey include tinnitus den hyperacusis. Proper hygiene den care of HPDs fi reduce chances of outer ear infections. Der dey many different types of HPDs available give use, wey dey include earmuffs, earplugs, electronic hearing protection devices, den semi-insert devices. One fi measure de personal attenuation rating thru a hearing protection fit-testing system. Dem design earmuff-style hearing protection devices to fit ova de outer ear, anaa pinna. Earmuff HPDs typically dey consist of two ear cups den a headband. Dem design earplug style hearing protection devices to fit for de ear canal insyd. Earplugs dey cam for a variety of different subtypes insyd. Sam HPDs dey reduce de sound wey dey reach de eardrum thru a combination of electronic den structural components. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 0ftxeont5a6we838ivnvapi260we5sr 110154 110153 2026-08-18T15:23:42Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs sanso fi protect against oda effects of noise exposure wey dey include tinnitus den hyperacusis. Proper hygiene den care of HPDs fi reduce chances of outer ear infections. Der dey many different types of HPDs available give use, wey dey include earmuffs, earplugs, electronic hearing protection devices, den semi-insert devices. One fi measure de personal attenuation rating thru a hearing protection fit-testing system. Dem design earmuff-style hearing protection devices to fit ova de outer ear, anaa pinna. Earmuff HPDs typically dey consist of two ear cups den a headband. Dem design earplug style hearing protection devices to fit for de ear canal insyd. Earplugs dey cam for a variety of different subtypes insyd. Sam HPDs dey reduce de sound wey dey reach de eardrum thru a combination of electronic den structural components. Electronic HPDs dey available for both earmuff den custom earplug styles insyd. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] oenov8jt8jkd10fe0x69xf5lq678s41 110155 110154 2026-08-18T15:24:29Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs sanso fi protect against oda effects of noise exposure wey dey include tinnitus den hyperacusis. Proper hygiene den care of HPDs fi reduce chances of outer ear infections. Der dey many different types of HPDs available give use, wey dey include earmuffs, earplugs, electronic hearing protection devices, den semi-insert devices. One fi measure de personal attenuation rating thru a hearing protection fit-testing system. Dem design earmuff-style hearing protection devices to fit ova de outer ear, anaa pinna. Earmuff HPDs typically dey consist of two ear cups den a headband. Dem design earplug style hearing protection devices to fit for de ear canal insyd. Earplugs dey cam for a variety of different subtypes insyd. Sam HPDs dey reduce de sound wey dey reach de eardrum thru a combination of electronic den structural components. Electronic HPDs dey available for both earmuff den custom earplug styles insyd. Electronic microphones, circuitry, den receivers dey perform active noise reduction, wey dem sanso know am as noise-cancelling, for wey dem present a signal dat dey 180-degrees out-of-phase of de noise, wey for theory insyd dey cancel de noise. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] eo4whufi3vp7cpixjob27uzishujmvm 110156 110155 2026-08-18T15:25:00Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs sanso fi protect against oda effects of noise exposure wey dey include tinnitus den hyperacusis. Proper hygiene den care of HPDs fi reduce chances of outer ear infections. Der dey many different types of HPDs available give use, wey dey include earmuffs, earplugs, electronic hearing protection devices, den semi-insert devices. One fi measure de personal attenuation rating thru a hearing protection fit-testing system. Dem design earmuff-style hearing protection devices to fit ova de outer ear, anaa pinna. Earmuff HPDs typically dey consist of two ear cups den a headband. Dem design earplug style hearing protection devices to fit for de ear canal insyd. Earplugs dey cam for a variety of different subtypes insyd. Sam HPDs dey reduce de sound wey dey reach de eardrum thru a combination of electronic den structural components. Electronic HPDs dey available for both earmuff den custom earplug styles insyd. Electronic microphones, circuitry, den receivers dey perform active noise reduction, wey dem sanso know am as noise-cancelling, for wey dem present a signal dat dey 180-degrees out-of-phase of de noise, wey for theory insyd dey cancel de noise. Canal caps dey similar to earplugs for dat insyd dem dey consist of a soft tip wey dem insert am into de opening of de ear canal. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 3sgk4vcoel1k696biaq98uxwxjtrofx 110157 110156 2026-08-18T15:25:34Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs sanso fi protect against oda effects of noise exposure wey dey include tinnitus den hyperacusis. Proper hygiene den care of HPDs fi reduce chances of outer ear infections. Der dey many different types of HPDs available give use, wey dey include earmuffs, earplugs, electronic hearing protection devices, den semi-insert devices. One fi measure de personal attenuation rating thru a hearing protection fit-testing system. Dem design earmuff-style hearing protection devices to fit ova de outer ear, anaa pinna. Earmuff HPDs typically dey consist of two ear cups den a headband. Dem design earplug style hearing protection devices to fit for de ear canal insyd. Earplugs dey cam for a variety of different subtypes insyd. Sam HPDs dey reduce de sound wey dey reach de eardrum thru a combination of electronic den structural components. Electronic HPDs dey available for both earmuff den custom earplug styles insyd. Electronic microphones, circuitry, den receivers dey perform active noise reduction, wey dem sanso know am as noise-cancelling, for wey dem present a signal dat dey 180-degrees out-of-phase of de noise, wey for theory insyd dey cancel de noise. Canal caps dey similar to earplugs for dat insyd dem dey consist of a soft tip wey dem insert am into de opening of de ear canal. OSHA dey require de use of hearing protection. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 5ih0qz5l64q8bh02bld8ezh3kh5v7ee 110158 110157 2026-08-18T15:26:19Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs sanso fi protect against oda effects of noise exposure wey dey include tinnitus den hyperacusis. Proper hygiene den care of HPDs fi reduce chances of outer ear infections. Der dey many different types of HPDs available give use, wey dey include earmuffs, earplugs, electronic hearing protection devices, den semi-insert devices. One fi measure de personal attenuation rating thru a hearing protection fit-testing system. Dem design earmuff-style hearing protection devices to fit ova de outer ear, anaa pinna. Earmuff HPDs typically dey consist of two ear cups den a headband. Dem design earplug style hearing protection devices to fit for de ear canal insyd. Earplugs dey cam for a variety of different subtypes insyd. Sam HPDs dey reduce de sound wey dey reach de eardrum thru a combination of electronic den structural components. Electronic HPDs dey available for both earmuff den custom earplug styles insyd. Electronic microphones, circuitry, den receivers dey perform active noise reduction, wey dem sanso know am as noise-cancelling, for wey dem present a signal dat dey 180-degrees out-of-phase of de noise, wey for theory insyd dey cancel de noise. Canal caps dey similar to earplugs for dat insyd dem dey consist of a soft tip wey dem insert am into de opening of de ear canal. OSHA dey require de use of hearing protection. But de HPD (without individual selection, training den fit testing) no dey significantly reduce de risk of hearing loss. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] p5acbqk4xflpe6y6a0evpefxmkus8v9 110159 110158 2026-08-18T15:27:36Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs sanso fi protect against oda effects of noise exposure wey dey include tinnitus den hyperacusis. Proper hygiene den care of HPDs fi reduce chances of outer ear infections. Der dey many different types of HPDs available give use, wey dey include earmuffs, earplugs, electronic hearing protection devices, den semi-insert devices. One fi measure de personal attenuation rating thru a hearing protection fit-testing system. Dem design earmuff-style hearing protection devices to fit ova de outer ear, anaa pinna. Earmuff HPDs typically dey consist of two ear cups den a headband. Dem design earplug style hearing protection devices to fit for de ear canal insyd. Earplugs dey cam for a variety of different subtypes insyd. Sam HPDs dey reduce de sound wey dey reach de eardrum thru a combination of electronic den structural components. Electronic HPDs dey available for both earmuff den custom earplug styles insyd. Electronic microphones, circuitry, den receivers dey perform active noise reduction, wey dem sanso know am as noise-cancelling, for wey dem present a signal dat dey 180-degrees out-of-phase of de noise, wey for theory insyd dey cancel de noise. Canal caps dey similar to earplugs for dat insyd dem dey consist of a soft tip wey dem insert am into de opening of de ear canal. OSHA dey require de use of hearing protection. But de HPD (without individual selection, training den fit testing) no dey significantly reduce de risk of hearing loss. For example, one study cover more dan 19 thousand workers, sam of wey usually use hearing protective devices, den some no dey use am at all. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] p3x5yh29l71pvpis7zc99qtmemi58jt 110160 110159 2026-08-18T15:28:15Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs sanso fi protect against oda effects of noise exposure wey dey include tinnitus den hyperacusis. Proper hygiene den care of HPDs fi reduce chances of outer ear infections. Der dey many different types of HPDs available give use, wey dey include earmuffs, earplugs, electronic hearing protection devices, den semi-insert devices. One fi measure de personal attenuation rating thru a hearing protection fit-testing system. Dem design earmuff-style hearing protection devices to fit ova de outer ear, anaa pinna. Earmuff HPDs typically dey consist of two ear cups den a headband. Dem design earplug style hearing protection devices to fit for de ear canal insyd. Earplugs dey cam for a variety of different subtypes insyd. Sam HPDs dey reduce de sound wey dey reach de eardrum thru a combination of electronic den structural components. Electronic HPDs dey available for both earmuff den custom earplug styles insyd. Electronic microphones, circuitry, den receivers dey perform active noise reduction, wey dem sanso know am as noise-cancelling, for wey dem present a signal dat dey 180-degrees out-of-phase of de noise, wey for theory insyd dey cancel de noise. Canal caps dey similar to earplugs for dat insyd dem dey consist of a soft tip wey dem insert am into de opening of de ear canal. OSHA dey require de use of hearing protection. But de HPD (without individual selection, training den fit testing) no dey significantly reduce de risk of hearing loss. For example, one study cover more dan 19 thousand workers, sam of wey usually use hearing protective devices, den some no dey use am at all. Der dey no statistically significant difference for de risk of noise-induced hearing loss insyd. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 8wjmvrmaqqnxla007kghglk60z2nrli 110161 110160 2026-08-18T15:29:13Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs sanso fi protect against oda effects of noise exposure wey dey include tinnitus den hyperacusis. Proper hygiene den care of HPDs fi reduce chances of outer ear infections.<ref>Ntlhakana L, Kanji A and Khoza-Shangase K. (2015). "The use of hearing protection devices in South Africa: exploring the current status in a gold and a non-ferrous mine". ''Occupational Health Southern Africa'': 10–15.</ref> Der dey many different types of HPDs available give use, wey dey include earmuffs, earplugs, electronic hearing protection devices, den semi-insert devices. One fi measure de personal attenuation rating thru a hearing protection fit-testing system. Dem design earmuff-style hearing protection devices to fit ova de outer ear, anaa pinna. Earmuff HPDs typically dey consist of two ear cups den a headband. Dem design earplug style hearing protection devices to fit for de ear canal insyd. Earplugs dey cam for a variety of different subtypes insyd. Sam HPDs dey reduce de sound wey dey reach de eardrum thru a combination of electronic den structural components. Electronic HPDs dey available for both earmuff den custom earplug styles insyd. Electronic microphones, circuitry, den receivers dey perform active noise reduction, wey dem sanso know am as noise-cancelling, for wey dem present a signal dat dey 180-degrees out-of-phase of de noise, wey for theory insyd dey cancel de noise. Canal caps dey similar to earplugs for dat insyd dem dey consist of a soft tip wey dem insert am into de opening of de ear canal. OSHA dey require de use of hearing protection. But de HPD (without individual selection, training den fit testing) no dey significantly reduce de risk of hearing loss. For example, one study cover more dan 19 thousand workers, sam of wey usually use hearing protective devices, den some no dey use am at all. Der dey no statistically significant difference for de risk of noise-induced hearing loss insyd. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] do8f8bwcvqrg0dydita7sdmpqqh6k1i 110162 110161 2026-08-18T15:30:20Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs sanso fi protect against oda effects of noise exposure wey dey include tinnitus den hyperacusis. Proper hygiene den care of HPDs fi reduce chances of outer ear infections.<ref>Ntlhakana L, Kanji A and Khoza-Shangase K. (2015). "The use of hearing protection devices in South Africa: exploring the current status in a gold and a non-ferrous mine". ''Occupational Health Southern Africa'': 10–15.</ref> Der dey many different types of HPDs available give use, wey dey include earmuffs, earplugs, electronic hearing protection devices, den semi-insert devices.<ref>Rawool VW (2011). "Chapter 6: Hearing Protection and Enhancement Devices". ''Hearing Conservation: In Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings''. Thieme. pp.&#x20;136–173. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-60406-257-1|978-1-60406-257-1]]</bdi>.</ref> One fi measure de personal attenuation rating thru a hearing protection fit-testing system. Dem design earmuff-style hearing protection devices to fit ova de outer ear, anaa pinna. Earmuff HPDs typically dey consist of two ear cups den a headband. Dem design earplug style hearing protection devices to fit for de ear canal insyd. Earplugs dey cam for a variety of different subtypes insyd. Sam HPDs dey reduce de sound wey dey reach de eardrum thru a combination of electronic den structural components. Electronic HPDs dey available for both earmuff den custom earplug styles insyd. Electronic microphones, circuitry, den receivers dey perform active noise reduction, wey dem sanso know am as noise-cancelling, for wey dem present a signal dat dey 180-degrees out-of-phase of de noise, wey for theory insyd dey cancel de noise. Canal caps dey similar to earplugs for dat insyd dem dey consist of a soft tip wey dem insert am into de opening of de ear canal. OSHA dey require de use of hearing protection. But de HPD (without individual selection, training den fit testing) no dey significantly reduce de risk of hearing loss. For example, one study cover more dan 19 thousand workers, sam of wey usually use hearing protective devices, den some no dey use am at all. Der dey no statistically significant difference for de risk of noise-induced hearing loss insyd. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 6cmvbz87ryg1o4z8hzpu66crxf8r7j7 110163 110162 2026-08-18T15:30:57Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs sanso fi protect against oda effects of noise exposure wey dey include tinnitus den hyperacusis. Proper hygiene den care of HPDs fi reduce chances of outer ear infections.<ref>Ntlhakana L, Kanji A and Khoza-Shangase K. (2015). "The use of hearing protection devices in South Africa: exploring the current status in a gold and a non-ferrous mine". ''Occupational Health Southern Africa'': 10–15.</ref> Der dey many different types of HPDs available give use, wey dey include earmuffs, earplugs, electronic hearing protection devices, den semi-insert devices.<ref name=":9">Rawool VW (2011). "Chapter 6: Hearing Protection and Enhancement Devices". ''Hearing Conservation: In Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings''. Thieme. pp.&#x20;136–173. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-60406-257-1|978-1-60406-257-1]]</bdi>.</ref> One fi measure de personal attenuation rating thru a hearing protection fit-testing system. Dem design earmuff-style hearing protection devices to fit ova de outer ear, anaa pinna. Earmuff HPDs typically dey consist of two ear cups den a headband.<ref name=":9" /> Dem design earplug style hearing protection devices to fit for de ear canal insyd. Earplugs dey cam for a variety of different subtypes insyd. Sam HPDs dey reduce de sound wey dey reach de eardrum thru a combination of electronic den structural components. Electronic HPDs dey available for both earmuff den custom earplug styles insyd. Electronic microphones, circuitry, den receivers dey perform active noise reduction, wey dem sanso know am as noise-cancelling, for wey dem present a signal dat dey 180-degrees out-of-phase of de noise, wey for theory insyd dey cancel de noise. Canal caps dey similar to earplugs for dat insyd dem dey consist of a soft tip wey dem insert am into de opening of de ear canal. OSHA dey require de use of hearing protection. But de HPD (without individual selection, training den fit testing) no dey significantly reduce de risk of hearing loss. For example, one study cover more dan 19 thousand workers, sam of wey usually use hearing protective devices, den some no dey use am at all. Der dey no statistically significant difference for de risk of noise-induced hearing loss insyd. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] c6c55qkts1s74vbv24wol6rn04k7k51 110164 110163 2026-08-18T15:31:30Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs sanso fi protect against oda effects of noise exposure wey dey include tinnitus den hyperacusis. Proper hygiene den care of HPDs fi reduce chances of outer ear infections.<ref>Ntlhakana L, Kanji A and Khoza-Shangase K. (2015). "The use of hearing protection devices in South Africa: exploring the current status in a gold and a non-ferrous mine". ''Occupational Health Southern Africa'': 10–15.</ref> Der dey many different types of HPDs available give use, wey dey include earmuffs, earplugs, electronic hearing protection devices, den semi-insert devices.<ref name=":9">Rawool VW (2011). "Chapter 6: Hearing Protection and Enhancement Devices". ''Hearing Conservation: In Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings''. Thieme. pp.&#x20;136–173. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-60406-257-1|978-1-60406-257-1]]</bdi>.</ref> One fi measure de personal attenuation rating thru a hearing protection fit-testing system. Dem design earmuff-style hearing protection devices to fit ova de outer ear, anaa pinna. Earmuff HPDs typically dey consist of two ear cups den a headband.<ref name=":9" /> Dem design earplug style hearing protection devices to fit for de ear canal insyd. Earplugs dey cam for a variety of different subtypes insyd.<ref name=":9" /> Sam HPDs dey reduce de sound wey dey reach de eardrum thru a combination of electronic den structural components. Electronic HPDs dey available for both earmuff den custom earplug styles insyd. Electronic microphones, circuitry, den receivers dey perform active noise reduction, wey dem sanso know am as noise-cancelling, for wey dem present a signal dat dey 180-degrees out-of-phase of de noise, wey for theory insyd dey cancel de noise. Canal caps dey similar to earplugs for dat insyd dem dey consist of a soft tip wey dem insert am into de opening of de ear canal. OSHA dey require de use of hearing protection. But de HPD (without individual selection, training den fit testing) no dey significantly reduce de risk of hearing loss. For example, one study cover more dan 19 thousand workers, sam of wey usually use hearing protective devices, den some no dey use am at all. Der dey no statistically significant difference for de risk of noise-induced hearing loss insyd. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] nk6h5urn7rus52mr0uizzko16cb0tgz 110165 110164 2026-08-18T15:32:24Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs sanso fi protect against oda effects of noise exposure wey dey include tinnitus den hyperacusis. Proper hygiene den care of HPDs fi reduce chances of outer ear infections.<ref>Ntlhakana L, Kanji A and Khoza-Shangase K. (2015). "The use of hearing protection devices in South Africa: exploring the current status in a gold and a non-ferrous mine". ''Occupational Health Southern Africa'': 10–15.</ref> Der dey many different types of HPDs available give use, wey dey include earmuffs, earplugs, electronic hearing protection devices, den semi-insert devices.<ref name=":9">Rawool VW (2011). "Chapter 6: Hearing Protection and Enhancement Devices". ''Hearing Conservation: In Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings''. Thieme. pp.&#x20;136–173. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-60406-257-1|978-1-60406-257-1]]</bdi>.</ref> One fi measure de personal attenuation rating thru a hearing protection fit-testing system. Dem design earmuff-style hearing protection devices to fit ova de outer ear, anaa pinna. Earmuff HPDs typically dey consist of two ear cups den a headband.<ref name=":9" /> Dem design earplug style hearing protection devices to fit for de ear canal insyd. Earplugs dey cam for a variety of different subtypes insyd.<ref name=":9" /> Sam HPDs dey reduce de sound wey dey reach de eardrum thru a combination of electronic den structural components. Electronic HPDs dey available for both earmuff den custom earplug styles insyd. Electronic microphones, circuitry, den receivers dey perform active noise reduction, wey dem sanso know am as noise-cancelling, for wey dem present a signal dat dey 180-degrees out-of-phase of de noise, wey for theory insyd dey cancel de noise.<ref name=":9" /> Canal caps dey similar to earplugs for dat insyd dem dey consist of a soft tip wey dem insert am into de opening of de ear canal. OSHA dey require de use of hearing protection. But de HPD (without individual selection, training den fit testing) no dey significantly reduce de risk of hearing loss. For example, one study cover more dan 19 thousand workers, sam of wey usually use hearing protective devices, den some no dey use am at all. Der dey no statistically significant difference for de risk of noise-induced hearing loss insyd. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] hy8n4c1dwp4gnaj4sdd383no6cjaefw 110166 110165 2026-08-18T15:32:57Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs sanso fi protect against oda effects of noise exposure wey dey include tinnitus den hyperacusis. Proper hygiene den care of HPDs fi reduce chances of outer ear infections.<ref>Ntlhakana L, Kanji A and Khoza-Shangase K. (2015). "The use of hearing protection devices in South Africa: exploring the current status in a gold and a non-ferrous mine". ''Occupational Health Southern Africa'': 10–15.</ref> Der dey many different types of HPDs available give use, wey dey include earmuffs, earplugs, electronic hearing protection devices, den semi-insert devices.<ref name=":9">Rawool VW (2011). "Chapter 6: Hearing Protection and Enhancement Devices". ''Hearing Conservation: In Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings''. Thieme. pp.&#x20;136–173. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-60406-257-1|978-1-60406-257-1]]</bdi>.</ref> One fi measure de personal attenuation rating thru a hearing protection fit-testing system. Dem design earmuff-style hearing protection devices to fit ova de outer ear, anaa pinna. Earmuff HPDs typically dey consist of two ear cups den a headband.<ref name=":9" /> Dem design earplug style hearing protection devices to fit for de ear canal insyd. Earplugs dey cam for a variety of different subtypes insyd.<ref name=":9" /> Sam HPDs dey reduce de sound wey dey reach de eardrum thru a combination of electronic den structural components. Electronic HPDs dey available for both earmuff den custom earplug styles insyd. Electronic microphones, circuitry, den receivers dey perform active noise reduction, wey dem sanso know am as noise-cancelling, for wey dem present a signal dat dey 180-degrees out-of-phase of de noise, wey for theory insyd dey cancel de noise.<ref name=":9" /> Canal caps dey similar to earplugs for dat insyd dem dey consist of a soft tip wey dem insert am into de opening of de ear canal.<ref name=":9" /> OSHA dey require de use of hearing protection. But de HPD (without individual selection, training den fit testing) no dey significantly reduce de risk of hearing loss. For example, one study cover more dan 19 thousand workers, sam of wey usually use hearing protective devices, den some no dey use am at all. Der dey no statistically significant difference for de risk of noise-induced hearing loss insyd. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 43goi0k9en3fb1gude2yvcxzowjha3i 110167 110166 2026-08-18T15:34:06Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs sanso fi protect against oda effects of noise exposure wey dey include tinnitus den hyperacusis. Proper hygiene den care of HPDs fi reduce chances of outer ear infections.<ref>Ntlhakana L, Kanji A and Khoza-Shangase K. (2015). "The use of hearing protection devices in South Africa: exploring the current status in a gold and a non-ferrous mine". ''Occupational Health Southern Africa'': 10–15.</ref> Der dey many different types of HPDs available give use, wey dey include earmuffs, earplugs, electronic hearing protection devices, den semi-insert devices.<ref name=":9">Rawool VW (2011). "Chapter 6: Hearing Protection and Enhancement Devices". ''Hearing Conservation: In Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings''. Thieme. pp.&#x20;136–173. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-60406-257-1|978-1-60406-257-1]]</bdi>.</ref> One fi measure de personal attenuation rating thru a hearing protection fit-testing system. Dem design earmuff-style hearing protection devices to fit ova de outer ear, anaa pinna. Earmuff HPDs typically dey consist of two ear cups den a headband.<ref name=":9" /> Dem design earplug style hearing protection devices to fit for de ear canal insyd. Earplugs dey cam for a variety of different subtypes insyd.<ref name=":9" /> Sam HPDs dey reduce de sound wey dey reach de eardrum thru a combination of electronic den structural components. Electronic HPDs dey available for both earmuff den custom earplug styles insyd. Electronic microphones, circuitry, den receivers dey perform active noise reduction, wey dem sanso know am as noise-cancelling, for wey dem present a signal dat dey 180-degrees out-of-phase of de noise, wey for theory insyd dey cancel de noise.<ref name=":9" /> Canal caps dey similar to earplugs for dat insyd dem dey consist of a soft tip wey dem insert am into de opening of de ear canal.<ref name=":9" /> OSHA dey require de use of hearing protection. But de HPD (without individual selection, training den fit testing) no dey significantly reduce de risk of hearing loss.<ref>Berger, Elliott H.; Voix, Jérémie (2018). "Chapter 11: Hearing Protection Devices". In D.K. Meinke; E.H. Berger; R. Neitzel; D.P. Driscoll; K. Bright (eds.). ''[https://online-ams.aiha.org/amsssa/ecssashop.show_product_detail?p_mode=detail&p_product_serno=2719 The Noise Manual]'' (6th&#x20;ed.). Falls Church, Virginia: American Industrial Hygiene Association. pp.&#x20;255–308. Retrieved 10 August 2022.</ref> For example, one study cover more dan 19 thousand workers, sam of wey usually use hearing protective devices, den some no dey use am at all. Der dey no statistically significant difference for de risk of noise-induced hearing loss insyd. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 60u37b86soo4jc5rtihfmegoaaylows 110168 110167 2026-08-18T15:37:02Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 110168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd.<ref name=":8">''Noise: A Health Problem'' United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Washington, D.C. 20460, August, 1978</ref> According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system.<ref name=":8" /> Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach.<ref name=":8" /> For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc.<ref name=":5" /> === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd.<ref>Nelson PB (1959). "Sound in the Classroom". ''ASHRAE Journal''. '''45''' (2): 22–25.</ref> For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays.<ref>Evans GW, Lepore SJ (1993). "Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review". ''Children's Environments''. '''10''' (1): 31–51. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515250 41515250].</ref><ref>Wakefield J (June 2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 "Learning the hard way: the poor environment of America's schools"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''110''' (6): A298-305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a298|10.1289/ehp.110-a298]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240882 1240882]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055059 12055059].</ref> For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd.<ref>[http://www.brainhe.com/staff/types/dysgraphiastaff.html "Dysgraphiastaff"]. ''Brain.HE''. Retrieved 2017-09-09.</ref> Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes.<ref>Belojevic G, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Paunovic K, Ilic J (February 2008). [https://doaj.org/article/ec23e3a37210449e8839261d9f848460 "Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children"]. ''Environment International''. '''34''' (2): 226–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003|10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.003]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869340 17869340].</ref> == Prevention == A hearing protection device (HPD) be an ear protection device wey dem wear am for anaa ova de ears insyd while dem expose am to hazardous noise to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs sanso fi protect against oda effects of noise exposure wey dey include tinnitus den hyperacusis. Proper hygiene den care of HPDs fi reduce chances of outer ear infections.<ref>Ntlhakana L, Kanji A and Khoza-Shangase K. (2015). "The use of hearing protection devices in South Africa: exploring the current status in a gold and a non-ferrous mine". ''Occupational Health Southern Africa'': 10–15.</ref> Der dey many different types of HPDs available give use, wey dey include earmuffs, earplugs, electronic hearing protection devices, den semi-insert devices.<ref name=":9">Rawool VW (2011). "Chapter 6: Hearing Protection and Enhancement Devices". ''Hearing Conservation: In Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings''. Thieme. pp.&#x20;136–173. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-60406-257-1|978-1-60406-257-1]]</bdi>.</ref> One fi measure de personal attenuation rating thru a hearing protection fit-testing system. Dem design earmuff-style hearing protection devices to fit ova de outer ear, anaa pinna. Earmuff HPDs typically dey consist of two ear cups den a headband.<ref name=":9" /> Dem design earplug style hearing protection devices to fit for de ear canal insyd. Earplugs dey cam for a variety of different subtypes insyd.<ref name=":9" /> Sam HPDs dey reduce de sound wey dey reach de eardrum thru a combination of electronic den structural components. Electronic HPDs dey available for both earmuff den custom earplug styles insyd. Electronic microphones, circuitry, den receivers dey perform active noise reduction, wey dem sanso know am as noise-cancelling, for wey dem present a signal dat dey 180-degrees out-of-phase of de noise, wey for theory insyd dey cancel de noise.<ref name=":9" /> Canal caps dey similar to earplugs for dat insyd dem dey consist of a soft tip wey dem insert am into de opening of de ear canal.<ref name=":9" /> OSHA dey require de use of hearing protection. But de HPD (without individual selection, training den fit testing) no dey significantly reduce de risk of hearing loss.<ref>Berger, Elliott H.; Voix, Jérémie (2018). "Chapter 11: Hearing Protection Devices". In D.K. Meinke; E.H. Berger; R. Neitzel; D.P. Driscoll; K. Bright (eds.). ''[https://online-ams.aiha.org/amsssa/ecssashop.show_product_detail?p_mode=detail&p_product_serno=2719 The Noise Manual]'' (6th&#x20;ed.). Falls Church, Virginia: American Industrial Hygiene Association. pp.&#x20;255–308. Retrieved 10 August 2022.</ref> For example, one study cover more dan 19 thousand workers, sam of wey usually use hearing protective devices, den some no dey use am at all. Der dey no statistically significant difference for de risk of noise-induced hearing loss insyd.<ref>Groenewold M.R.; Masterson E.A.; Themann C.L.; Davis R.R. (2014). [https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/36768 "Do hearing protectors protect hearing?"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''57''' (9). Wiley Periodicals: 1001–1010. doi:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22323|10.1002/ajim.22323]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1097-0274 1097-0274]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4671486 4671486]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24700499 24700499]. Retrieved 15 October 2022.</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 13tj45cy5h9mi5dx063nmbuhnewzx3c User:Nanakwafoa/Sandbox 2 29528 110108 110018 2026-08-18T12:25:33Z Nanakwafoa 6078 /* Margaret Sarfo */ added information 110108 wikitext text/x-wiki == Margaret Sarfo == Margaret Sarfo (wey ein pen name be Peggy Oppong, née Odame; 26 January 1957 – 8 May 2014) be Ghanaian author and journalist. Na she dey work plus de Graphic Communications Group Limited, wey she rise take de editor of The Mirror position. == Early life and education == Dem born Sarfo in 1957 for Daniel Odame den ein wife, wey she come from Mpraeso, Kwahu, in south Ghana. She attend primary schools for Adabraka den Accra, wey she go Okuapeman Secondary School, Akropong in 1971. For Okuapeman Secondary School, she attain the General Certificate of Education (GCE), Ordinary and Advanced levels. She enroll at de University of Ghana in 1979, wey she graduate plus BA (Hons) for English den Russian. k0biklxkl3q8srkcpgi362zx7lgu253 110109 110108 2026-08-18T12:36:36Z Nanakwafoa 6078 added information 110109 wikitext text/x-wiki = Margaret Sarfo = Margaret Sarfo (wey ein pen name be Peggy Oppong, née Odame; 26 January 1957 – 8 May 2014) be Ghanaian author and journalist. Na she dey work plus de Graphic Communications Group Limited, wey she rise take de editor of The Mirror position. == Ein early life den education == Dem born Sarfo in 1957 for Daniel Odame den ein wife, wey she come from Mpraeso, Kwahu, in south Ghana. She attend primary schools for Adabraka den Accra, wey she go Okuapeman Secondary School, Akropong in 1971. For Okuapeman Secondary School, she attain the General Certificate of Education (GCE), Ordinary and Advanced levels. She enroll at de University of Ghana in 1979, wey she graduate plus BA (Hons) for English den Russian. == Ein career == Margaret Sarfo join de then Graphic Cooperation give ein national service. She get permanent employment as staff writer in 1987. She also became deputy editor plus ''The Mirror'' in 1998 den editor in 2003. Margaret Sarfo retire from de Graphics Communications Group in 2011 wey she day come write den publish ein novels: t6d6g09m5u5jvspn75cykitu29qoaf7 110110 110109 2026-08-18T12:41:59Z Nanakwafoa 6078 added information 110110 wikitext text/x-wiki = Margaret Sarfo = Margaret Sarfo (wey ein pen name be Peggy Oppong, née Odame; 26 January 1957 – 8 May 2014) be Ghanaian author and journalist. Na she dey work plus de Graphic Communications Group Limited, wey she rise take de editor of The Mirror position. == Ein early life den education == Dem born Sarfo in 1957 for Daniel Odame den ein wife, wey she come from Mpraeso, Kwahu, in south Ghana. She attend primary schools for Adabraka den Accra, wey she go Okuapeman Secondary School, Akropong in 1971. For Okuapeman Secondary School, she attain the General Certificate of Education (GCE), Ordinary and Advanced levels. She enroll at de University of Ghana in 1979, wey she graduate plus BA (Hons) for English den Russian. == Ein career == Margaret Sarfo join de then Graphic Cooperation give ein national service. She get permanent employment as staff writer in 1987. She also became deputy editor plus ''The Mirror'' in 1998 den editor in 2003. Margaret Sarfo retire from de Graphics Communications Group in 2011 wey she day come write den publish ein novels: === Ein selected works === * The Masquerader * The Green Sunset * Beneath the cover * ''The dancing money box'' * Echoes from the past * ''End of the Tunnel'' * ''Red Heifer'' * ''Adventures of Cleopas'' * ''Julia's Dance'' * ''No Roses for Sharon'' * ''Scars of Love'' 4sxzda0lfmibdwz01glitmey9exc4rt 110111 110110 2026-08-18T12:42:57Z Nanakwafoa 6078 added a new section 110111 wikitext text/x-wiki = Margaret Sarfo = Margaret Sarfo (wey ein pen name be Peggy Oppong, née Odame; 26 January 1957 – 8 May 2014) be Ghanaian author and journalist. Na she dey work plus de Graphic Communications Group Limited, wey she rise take de editor of The Mirror position. == Ein early life den education == Dem born Sarfo in 1957 for Daniel Odame den ein wife, wey she come from Mpraeso, Kwahu, in south Ghana. She attend primary schools for Adabraka den Accra, wey she go Okuapeman Secondary School, Akropong in 1971. For Okuapeman Secondary School, she attain the General Certificate of Education (GCE), Ordinary and Advanced levels. She enroll at de University of Ghana in 1979, wey she graduate plus BA (Hons) for English den Russian. == Ein career == Margaret Sarfo join de then Graphic Cooperation give ein national service. She get permanent employment as staff writer in 1987. She also became deputy editor plus ''The Mirror'' in 1998 den editor in 2003. Margaret Sarfo retire from de Graphics Communications Group in 2011 wey she day come write den publish ein novels: === Ein selected works === * The Masquerader * The Green Sunset * Beneath the cover * ''The dancing money box'' * Echoes from the past * ''End of the Tunnel'' * ''Red Heifer'' * ''Adventures of Cleopas'' * ''Julia's Dance'' * ''No Roses for Sharon'' * ''Scars of Love'' == Ein Personal life == 9zcaceft6mlnlpatmieljhqkm6pz288 110119 110111 2026-08-18T14:03:28Z Nanakwafoa 6078 /* Ein Personal life */ added information 110119 wikitext text/x-wiki = Margaret Sarfo = Margaret Sarfo (wey ein pen name be Peggy Oppong, née Odame; 26 January 1957 – 8 May 2014) be Ghanaian author and journalist. Na she dey work plus de Graphic Communications Group Limited, wey she rise take de editor of The Mirror position. == Ein early life den education == Dem born Sarfo in 1957 for Daniel Odame den ein wife, wey she come from Mpraeso, Kwahu, in south Ghana. She attend primary schools for Adabraka den Accra, wey she go Okuapeman Secondary School, Akropong in 1971. For Okuapeman Secondary School, she attain the General Certificate of Education (GCE), Ordinary and Advanced levels. She enroll at de University of Ghana in 1979, wey she graduate plus BA (Hons) for English den Russian. == Ein career == Margaret Sarfo join de then Graphic Cooperation give ein national service. She get permanent employment as staff writer in 1987. She also became deputy editor plus ''The Mirror'' in 1998 den editor in 2003. Margaret Sarfo retire from de Graphics Communications Group in 2011 wey she day come write den publish ein novels: === Ein selected works === * The Masquerader * The Green Sunset * Beneath the cover * ''The dancing money box'' * Echoes from the past * ''End of the Tunnel'' * ''Red Heifer'' * ''Adventures of Cleopas'' * ''Julia's Dance'' * ''No Roses for Sharon'' * ''Scars of Love'' == Ein Personal life == She marry Mr. Kojo Safo wey she meet am for ein school days for de University of Ghana. She later join am later for Nigeria in 1982; wey she teach English Language for de Methodist Comprehensive High School for Ekiti State. Dem return to Ghana three years afterwards. Peggy Oppong get four children; Mrs Sena Offei-Anim of Fidelity Bank, Tamale; Ms Sedina Safo of Peggy Oppong Books, Accra; Samuel Safo of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi and Mrs Dela Bonsu, Graphic Communication Group Limited. sorylwxsekmn4s2azs0a2duiudjp7na 110120 110119 2026-08-18T14:06:04Z Nanakwafoa 6078 added a new section 110120 wikitext text/x-wiki = Margaret Safo = Margaret Safo (wey ein pen name be Peggy Oppong, née Odame; 26 January 1957 – 8 May 2014) be Ghanaian author and journalist. Na she dey work plus de Graphic Communications Group Limited, wey she rise take de editor of The Mirror position. == Ein Early Life den Education == Dem born Safo in 1957 for Daniel Odame den ein wife, wey she come from Mpraeso, Kwahu, in south Ghana. She attend primary schools for Adabraka den Accra, wey she go Okuapeman Secondary School, Akropong in 1971. For Okuapeman Secondary School, she attain the General Certificate of Education (GCE), Ordinary and Advanced levels. She enroll at de University of Ghana in 1979, wey she graduate plus BA (Hons) for English den Russian. == Ein Career == Margaret Safo join de then Graphic Cooperation give ein national service. She get permanent employment as staff writer in 1987. She also became deputy editor plus ''The Mirror'' in 1998 den editor in 2003. Margaret Safo retire from de Graphics Communications Group in 2011 wey she day come write den publish ein novels: === Ein selected works === * The Masquerader * The Green Sunset * Beneath the cover * ''The dancing money box'' * Echoes from the past * ''End of the Tunnel'' * ''Red Heifer'' * ''Adventures of Cleopas'' * ''Julia's Dance'' * ''No Roses for Sharon'' * ''Scars of Love'' == Ein Personal Life == She marry Mr. Kojo Safo wey she meet am for ein school days for de University of Ghana. She later join am later for Nigeria in 1982; wey she teach English Language for de Methodist Comprehensive High School for Ekiti State. Dem return to Ghana three years afterwards. Peggy Oppong get four children; Mrs Sena Offei-Anim of Fidelity Bank, Tamale; Ms Sedina Safo of Peggy Oppong Books, Accra; Samuel Safo of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi and Mrs Dela Bonsu, Graphic Communication Group Limited. == Ein Death den Funeral == Mrs Margaret Safo die for de 37 Military Hospital on May 8, 2014. Dem bury am at de Osu Cemetery on Saturday, June 28. She let behind ein husband den four children. 3ruvwwswbmlzb53uub7b1qtd0b2yxp0 110121 110120 2026-08-18T14:20:11Z Nanakwafoa 6078 /* Ein Early Life den Education */ edited a spelling 110121 wikitext text/x-wiki = Margaret Safo = Margaret Safo (wey ein pen name be Peggy Oppong, née Odame; 26 January 1957 – 8 May 2014) be Ghanaian author den journalist. Na she dey work plus de Graphic Communications Group Limited, wey she rise take de editor of ''The Mirror'' position. == Ein Early Life den Education == Dem born Safo in 1957 to Daniel Odame den ein wife, wey she dey come from Mpraeso, Kwahu, in south Ghana. She attend primary schools for Adabraka den Accra, wey she go Okuapeman Secondary School, Akropong in 1971. For Okuapeman Secondary School, she attain the General Certificate of Education (GCE), Ordinary den Advanced levels. She enroll for University of Ghana in 1979, wey she graduate plus BA (Hons) for English den Russian. == Ein Career == Margaret Safo join de then Graphic Cooperation give ein national service. She get permanent employment as staff writer in 1987. She also become de deputy editor plus ''The Mirror'' in 1998 den editor in 2003. Margaret Safo retire from de Graphics Communications Group in 2011 wey she day come write den publish ein novels: === Ein selected works === * The Masquerader * The Green Sunset * Beneath the cover * ''The dancing money box'' * Echoes from the past * ''End of the Tunnel'' * ''Red Heifer'' * ''Adventures of Cleopas'' * ''Julia's Dance'' * ''No Roses for Sharon'' * ''Scars of Love'' == Ein Personal Life == She marry Mr. Kojo Safo wey she meet am for ein school days for de University of Ghana. She later join am go Nigeria in 1982; wey she teach English Language for de Methodist Comprehensive High School for Ekiti State. Dem return to Ghana three years afterwards. Peggy Oppong get four children; Mrs Sena Offei-Anim of Fidelity Bank, Tamale; Ms Sedina Safo of Peggy Oppong Books, Accra; Samuel Safo of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi and Mrs Dela Bonsu, Graphic Communication Group Limited. == Ein Death den Funeral == Mrs Margaret Safo die for de 37 Military Hospital on May 8, 2014. Dem bury am at de Osu Cemetery on Saturday, June 28. She let behind ein husband den four children. qz8d7u6z28ra2mpjz18yy327i65gxde Ally Sentnor 0 29677 110104 110101 2026-08-18T12:01:10Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the section "Personal life" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365740536|Ally Sentnor]]" 110104 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Allyson Marie Sentnor''' (born February 18, 2004) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a midfielder anaa forward give Angel City FC of de National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) den de United States national team. Sentnor play two seasons of college soccer give de North Carolina Tar Heels before she be picked first overall by de Utah Royals insyd de 2024 NWSL Draft. Insyd 2025, she be traded to de Kansas City Current insyd a then record intraleague transfer. Sentnor play give de youth national team at every age level, wey dey captain de under-20 team to bronze at de 2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. After she make ein senior debut de same year, she be named de U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of de Year. == Early life == Dem raise am insyd Hanson, Massachusetts, Sentnor begin dey play soccer at age four wey na she be coached by ein poppie on ein first team.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wcvb.com/article/meet-the-mass-woman-who-s-a-top-prospect-in-a-new-soccer-league/46355633|title=Mass. soccer star is top draft pick in women's soccer league|last=Funayama|first=Naoko|date=2024-01-12|publisher=[[WCVB-TV]]|access-date=2024-01-13}}</ref> She score so often as a kiddie say he go put am insyd goal anaa let am score only plus ein non-dominant left foot, wich help am develop equal comfort off both sides.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.allforxi.com/2024/4/5/24116144/ally-sentnor-wants-to-make-impactful-plays-whenever-she-can-for-the-utah-royals|title=Ally Sentnor wants to make impactful plays whenever she can for the Utah Royals|first=Kudzi|last=Musarurwa|date=2024-04-05|website=All for XI|publisher=[[SB Nation]]|access-date=2024-04-24|archive-date=April 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424193408/https://www.allforxi.com/2024/4/5/24116144/ally-sentnor-wants-to-make-impactful-plays-whenever-she-can-for-the-utah-royals|url-status=live}}</ref> She join Hingham club South Shore Select at age six wey she later train sam times plus de Boston Bolts boys' team.<ref name="USS2023">{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/05/ally-sentnors-first-concacaf|title=Ally Sentnor's First CONCACAF|date=2023-05-22|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> She sanso play de indoor soccer variant of futsal, wich help develop ein touch insyd limited space.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2023/10/sports-womens-soccer-nc-state-side-sept-2023-anson-dorrance-ally-sentnor|title=Top-scorer Ally Sentnor leads UNC women's soccer to 4–0 win at N.C. State|last=Monroe|first=Noah|date=2023-10-02|newspaper=[[The Daily Tar Heel]]|access-date=2023-12-13}}</ref> She attend Thayer Academy, joining de varsity soccer team insyd eighth grade, wey she reclassify to graduate one year early.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nesoccerjournal.com/ally-sentnor-accelerates-graduation-timeline-joins-uncs-class-of-2021/|title=Ally Sentnor accelerates graduation timeline, joins UNC's Class of 2021|url-access=limited|last=Sigal|first=Jonathan|date=2020-11-18|website=New England Soccer Journal|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> Insyd 2019, [[Megan Rapinoe]] present 15-year-old Sentnor plus de ''Sports Illustrated'' SportsKid of de Year award. == College career == [[File:UNC_vs_VT_(Sep_2023)_054_(Sentnor).jpg|right|thumb|Sentnor dey play give North Carolina insyd 2023]] Sentnor tear ein anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) minutes into ein first preseason game give de North Carolina Tar Heels as a freshman insyd 2021.<ref name="UNC2022">{{cite news|url=https://mediahub.unc.edu/a-victory-off-the-field-unc-womens-soccer-stars-campaign-for-recovery/|title=A victory off the field: UNC women's soccer star's campaign for recovery|last=Ferris|first=Sammy|date=2022-04-11|publisher=UNC Media Hub|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://chapelboro.com/sports/a-long-trek-back-ally-sentnors-return-giving-unc-womens-soccer-a-boost|title='A Long Trek Back': UNC's Ally Sentnor Returns to the Pitch After ACL Injury|last=Koh|first=Michael|date=2022-09-19|website=[[Chapelboro.com]]|access-date=2023-12-13}}</ref> She make ein return to de college field insyd 2022, scoring insyd ein regular-season debut against Wilmington.<ref name="DTH2022">{{cite news|url=https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2022/08/unc-womens-soccer-ally-sentnor-return-acl-uncw-anson-dorrance-world-cup-u20|title=Ally Sentnor makes her 'poetic return' to UNC women's soccer in victory over UNCW|last=Ware|first=Lindsey|newspaper=[[The Daily Tar Heel]]|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> She fini ein redshirt freshman season ranked second on de team plus 10 goals wey she add 2 assists insyd 25 games as North Carolina win de Atlantic Coast Conference regular-season title.<ref name="UNC">{{cite web |title=Ally Sentnor – Women's Soccer |url=https://goheels.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/ally-sentnor/24533 |access-date=2023-12-03 |publisher=[[North Carolina Tar Heels|University of North Carolina Athletics]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2022/10/unc-womens-soccer-acc-regular-season-champions-louisville-cardinals-acc-tournament|title=UNC women's soccer clinches ACC regular season title with 2-0 victory over Louisville|last=Wills|first=Caroline|date=2022-10-27|newspaper=[[The Daily Tar Heel]]|access-date=2024-09-06|archive-date=September 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906203629/https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2022/10/unc-womens-soccer-acc-regular-season-champions-louisville-cardinals-acc-tournament|url-status=live}}</ref> Five of ein goals cam during de NCAA tournament as North Carolina reach de national title game, wer dem loose to UCLA 3–2 insyd overtime. She be named to de All-ACC first team den NCAA all-tournament team.<ref name="UNC" /> Sentnor score a team-high 11 goals plus 7 assists insyd 23 games as a redshirt sophomore insyd 2023.<ref name="UNC">{{cite web |title=Ally Sentnor – Women's Soccer |url=https://goheels.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/ally-sentnor/24533 |access-date=2023-12-03 |publisher=[[North Carolina Tar Heels|University of North Carolina Athletics]]}}</ref> She record goal contributions insyd each of ein last seven games give de Heels, wey dey include four goals den three assists insyd four games of de NCAA tournament, wey ma she be involved insyd all three goals insyd dema 4–3 quarterfinal loss to BYU.<ref name="UNC" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2024/01/sports-womens-soccer-breaking-ally-sentnor-pro-career-jan-2024|title=UNC women's soccer midfielder Ally Sentnor to pursue professional career|date=2024-01-06|last=Wei|first=Daniel|newspaper=[[The Daily Tar Heel]]|access-date=2024-01-13|archive-date=January 13, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113144239/https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2024/01/sports-womens-soccer-breaking-ally-sentnor-pro-career-jan-2024|url-status=live}}</ref> She be named de ACC Midfielder of de Year, first-team All-ACC, den third-team United Soccer Coaches All-American.<ref name="UNC23">{{cite news|url=https://goheels.com/news/2023/12/1/womens-soccer-patterson-sentnor-nab-united-soccer-coaches-all-america-honors|title=Patterson, Sentnor Nab United Soccer Coaches All-America Honors|date=2023-12-01|publisher=[[North Carolina Tar Heels|University of North Carolina Athletics]]|access-date=2023-12-13}}</ref> She choose to turn professional after de season buh she continue dey study online to complete ein degree insyd 2024.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.unc.edu/posts/2024/03/13/gdtbath-ally-sentnor/|title=#GDTBATH: Ally Sentnor|last=Quinn|first=Ethan|date=2024-03-13|publisher=[[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina]]|access-date=2024-09-06}}</ref> == Club career == === Utah Royals === Sentnor be selected first overall insyd de 2024 NWSL Draft by de Utah Royals, wey na dem dey return to de NWSL after a four-year absence; she den North Carolina teammate [[Savy King]] be de top two picks.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/39296317/utah-royals-fc-pick-unc-midfielder-ally-sentnor-first-overall-nwsl-draft|title=Utah Royals FC pick UNC's Ally Sentnor first overall in NWSL draft|date=2024-01-12|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=2024-01-13}}</ref> She be signed to a three-year contract.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former UNC Standout Signs With Utah Royals FC |url=https://www.rsl.com/utahroyals/news/former-unc-standout-signs-with-utah-royals-fc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220053242/https://www.rsl.com/utahroyals/news/former-unc-standout-signs-with-utah-royals-fc |archive-date=February 20, 2024 |access-date=2024-02-20 |publisher=[[Utah Royals]]}}</ref> She make ein professional debut insyd de first game of de season, starting insyd a 2–0 defeat to de Chicago Red Stars on March 16.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wcvb.com/article/massachusetts-native-ally-sentnor-pro-soccer-debut/60259217|title=Massachusetts native reflects on her professional soccer debut|last=Funayama|first=Naoko|date=2024-03-20|publisher=[[WCVB-TV]]|access-date=2024-04-24|archive-date=April 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424192851/https://www.wcvb.com/article/massachusetts-native-ally-sentnor-pro-soccer-debut/60259217|url-status=live}}</ref> De following week, she score ein first professional goal against de North Carolina Courage, shooting from de corner of de penalty box off a long dribble, as de Royals win 2–1 at home.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/nwsl-score-angel-city-pride-royals-courage-8b6705dbb14bca433f1b971cd67e48a9|title=Expansion Utah wins first NWSL match 2–1 over North Carolina. Angel City and Orlando play to 1–1 tie|date=2024-03-23|last=Rantz|first=Susie|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=2024-04-24|archive-date=April 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424192851/https://apnews.com/article/nwsl-score-angel-city-pride-royals-courage-8b6705dbb14bca433f1b971cd67e48a9|url-status=live}}</ref> She be deployed as a winger at de start of de season, scoring anaa assisting on five of Utah ein first seven goals, before she move to a more playmaking role as an attacking midfielder at de end of June.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.allforxi.com/2024/8/23/24221887/ally-sentnor-wants-to-keep-having-fun-when-she-plays|title=Ally Sentnor wants to keep having fun when she plays|last=Musururwa|first=Kudzi|date=2024-08-23|website=All for XI|publisher=[[SB Nation]]|access-date=2024-09-06|archive-date=September 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906203623/https://www.allforxi.com/2024/8/23/24221887/ally-sentnor-wants-to-keep-having-fun-when-she-plays|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|number=1802555770380108113|title=5 – Ally Sentnor has been directly involved ...|author-link=Opta Sports|user=OptaJack|author=OptaJack⚽️|date=2024-06-17|access-date=2024-08-08}}</ref> Sentnor win both NWSL Rookie of de Month den Player of de Month insyd July after she register three goals den an assist insyd four games den dey lead de bottom-of-the-league Royals to top dema group insyd de NWSL x Liga MX Femenil Summer Cup.<ref name="NWSL-07">{{cite news|url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/utah-royals-forward-ally-sentnor-named-july-player-of-the-month-presented-by-ea-sports-and-july-rookie-of-the-month-presented-by-ally|title=Utah Royals Forward Ally Sentnor Named July Player of the Month, Presented by EA SPORTS and July Rookie of the Month, Presented by Ally|date=2024-08-08|publisher=[[National Women's Soccer League]]|access-date=2024-08-08|archive-date=August 9, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809162927/https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-july-best-xi-of-the-month-presented-by-amazon-prime|url-status=live}}</ref> She fini ein rookie season plus 5 goals den 5 assists insyd 23 games insyd all competitions.<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway}}</ref> She be named ein club ein Offensive Player of de Year wey na she be one of three nominees for NWSL Rookie of de Year, wey she loose to [[Croix Bethune]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rsl.com/utahroyals/news/utah-royals-fc-announce-end-of-season-awards|title=Utah Royals FC Announce End of Season Awards|date=2024-11-06|publisher=[[Utah Royals]]|access-date=2024-11-17|archive-date=November 13, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241113054428/https://www.rsl.com/utahroyals/news/utah-royals-fc-announce-end-of-season-awards|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2024/11/19/croix-bethune-nwsl-rookie-year-spirit/|title=Spirit midfielder Croix Bethune claims NWSL rookie of the year honors|date=2024-11-19|last=Floyd|first=Thomas|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=2025-03-13}}</ref> On April 18, 2025, Sentnor score de second-latest game-winning goal insyd NWSL history, plus ein 90+10th-minute penalty kick securing a 1–0 win against de Chicago Stars.<ref>{{cite web |author=OptaJack |author-link=Opta Sports |date=2025-04-19 |title=99:42 – Ally Sentnor's match-winning penalty for @utahroyalsfc.com ... |url=https://bsky.app/profile/optajack.optajoe.com/post/3ln6jhhbbzk23 |access-date=2025-04-23 |publisher=[[Bluesky]]}}</ref> Na e be ein only NWSL goal of de season den Utah ein only win before de summer break.<ref name="FB25">{{cite web |title=Ally Sentnor 2025 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/e91c05ee/matchlogs/2025/Ally-Sentnor-Match-Logs |access-date=2025-11-13 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> === Kansas City Current === On August 1, 2025, de Royals trade Sentnor to de Kansas City Current in exchange for a total fee of $600,000 insyd intraleague transfer funds to be paid across three seasons.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2025 |title=Kansas City Current Acquires 2024 U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of the Year Ally Sentnor |url=https://www.kansascitycurrent.com/news/kansas-city-current-acquires-2024-u-s-soccer-young-female-pl |access-date=August 1, 2025 |website=[[Kansas City Current]]}}</ref> Na e be de most expensive intraleague transfer at de time.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/45881159/uswnt-ally-sentnor-joins-kc-current-record-deal-sources|title=USWNT's Ally Sentnor joins KC Current from in record deal|publisher=[[ESPN]]|last=Kassouf|first=Jeff|date=2025-08-01|access-date=2025-11-13}}</ref> De move sanso unite Sentnor plus ein close paddie [[Claire Hutton]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6725160/2025/10/19/hutton-sentnor-friendship-kc-current-uswnt/|title=USWNT's Claire Hutton and Ally Sentnor: Kindred spirits carrying the torch for a new generation|last=Pelit|first=Asli|date=2025-10-19|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=2025-11-13}}</ref> She make ein Current debut insyd an immediate return to America First Field, replacing [[Debinha]] at halftime insyd a 1–0 victory over de Royals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USWNT Rewind: Sam Coffey Finds the Net, Ally Sentnor Debuts for Kansas City Current |url=https://ussoccer.com/stories/2025/08/uswnt-sam-coffey-portland-thorns-ally-sentnor-debuts-kansas-city-current-nwsl |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=[[US Soccer]] |language=en}}</ref> She play insyd 11 regular-season games as de Current clinch de NWSL Shield plus de best record insyd de league.<ref>{{cite web |title=2025 Kansas City Current Stats |url=https://fbref.com/en/squads/6f666306/Kansas-City-Current-Stats |access-date=2025-11-13 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> She make ein playoff debut insyd de quarterfinals as de Current be upset 2–1 by eventual champions Gotham FC insyd extra time.<ref name="FB25">{{cite web |title=Ally Sentnor 2025 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/e91c05ee/matchlogs/2025/Ally-Sentnor-Match-Logs |access-date=2025-11-13 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> Sentnor score ein first goal give de Current insyd a season-opening 2–1 win over former club Utah Royals on March 14, 2026.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kansascity.com/sports/soccer/kc-current/article315046423.html|title=Beating Utah in sunny season opener, KC Current wins 1st game under new head coach|date=2026-03-14|last=Sperry|first=Daniel|newspaper=[[The Kansas City Star]]|access-date=2026-03-15}}</ref> === Angel City === On June 19, 2026, de Current trade Sentnor to Angel City FC for $850,000 insyd intraleague transfer funds.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://angelcity.com/acfc-post/acfc-signs-uswnt-midfielder-ally-sentnor-trade-with-kansas-city-current|title=Angel City FC Signs US Women's National Team Midfielder Ally Sentnor Through Trade With Kansas City Current|date=2026-06-19|publisher=[[Angel City FC]]|access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref> Sentnor debut give Angel City on July 3, 2026, earning de start insyd a 2–0 win over de Orlando Pride.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lodha |first1=Karan |date=3 July 2026 |title=Angel City FC Defeats Orlando Pride in First Contest After Break |url=https://angelcity.com/acfc-post/acfc-defeats-orlando-pride-in-first-contest-after-break |access-date=5 July 2026 |publisher=[[Angel City FC]]}}</ref> == International career == [[File:Ally_Sentnor_USWNT_v_Colombia_Mar_7_2026-192.jpg|thumb|Sentnor plus de USWNT insyd 2026]] === Youth national team === Sentnor be selected to de train plus de United States under-14 team at de age of 12 insyd June 2016, de youngest player dem call into de camp.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://selectma.com/ally-sentnor-selected-to-attend-the-us-u14-girls-national-training-camp-in-colorado/|title=Ally Sentnor selected to attend the US U14 Girls' National Training Camp in Colorado|publisher=South Shore Select|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> At age 13, she score five goals insyd two friendlies give de under-15s insyd Germany insyd November 2017.<ref name="USS2023">{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/05/ally-sentnors-first-concacaf|title=Ally Sentnor's First CONCACAF|date=2023-05-22|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.soccertoday.com/u-s-u15-girls-national-team-win-twice-in-germany/|title=U.S. U15 Girls National Team Win Twice in Germany|last=Scavuzzo|first=Diane|date=2017-11-04|website=SoccerToday|access-date=2023-12-12|archive-date=June 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629002051/https://www.soccertoday.com/u-s-u15-girls-national-team-win-twice-in-germany/|url-status=dead}}</ref> She sanso play give de under-16s dat year wey na she dey under consideration give de roster for de 2018 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup, buh ultimately dem no select am to join players three years above ein age group.<ref name="USS2023" /> She be de most valuable player of de invitational Weifang Cup at de under-15 level insyd China insyd 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.soccerwire.com/news/u-s-u-15-girls-national-team-completes-sweep-at-cfa-tournament-in-china/|title=U.S. U-15 GNT earns three-game sweep at CFA Tournament in China|date=2018-08-31|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2023-12-13|via=SoccerWire}}</ref> She be de under-17 team ein leading goalscorer insyd 2019, sanso scoring two goals insyd two games for de under-18s against England at de start of de year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/11/2018-us-soccer-young-male-young-female-and-player-of-the-year-with-a-disability-award-nominees-annou|title=2018 U.S. Soccer Young Male, Young Female and Player of the Year with a Disability Award Nominees Announced|date=2018-09-28|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2025-03-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2019/02/us-u18-wnt-draws-22-with-england-in-first-of-two-matches-to-start-new-cycle|title=U.S. U-18 WNT Draws 2–2 with England in First of Two Matches to Start New Cycle|date=2019-02-23|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> Insyd 2020, secof de COVID-19 pandemic, na dem cancel ein age group ein CONCACAF Women's U-17 Championship den FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup.<ref name="USS2023" /> Following ein ACL recovery, Sentnor make ein under-20 debut at de 2022 Sud Ladies Cup, wich de United States win.<ref name="USS2023">{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/05/ally-sentnors-first-concacaf|title=Ally Sentnor's First CONCACAF|date=2023-05-22|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> She be one of de younger players dem select to de roster at de 2022 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. She appear insyd all three group stage games wey she score insyd dema opening 3–0 win against Ghana.<ref name="USS2023" /> De next year, she co-captain de under-20s plus [[Elise Evans]] at de 2023 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship. She score four goals during de tournament, helping de United States fini runners-up to Mexico wey dem qualify for de 2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.<ref name="USS2023" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/06/2023-concacaf-womens-u-20-championship-usa-1-mexico-2-match-report-stats-standings|title=U.S. U-20 Women's Youth National Team Falls to Mexico 2–1 in Hard-Fought CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship Final|date=2023-06-04|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> Wearing de captain's armband, Sentnor lead de United States to third place at de 2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, de country ein best result since 2012, scoring three goals insyd seven games.<ref name="US24T" /> Insyd de first knockout round, she score de second goal insyd a 3–2 overtime win against Mexico.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/09/us-under-20-womens-youth-national-team-vs-mexico-score-result-stats-match-recap|title=USA Advances to Quarterfinals of 2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Colombia with Dramatic 3-2 Overtime Win Over Mexico as Forward Jordynn Dudley Scores Game-Winner in 97th Minute|date=2024-09-12|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2024-09-16}}</ref> Insyd de quarterfinals, trailing Germany 2–0, de United States cam back insyd de last moments of regulation plus a goal from [[Jordynn Dudley]] den an own goal forced by Sentnor insyd de 90+8th den 90+9th minutes; insyd a penalty shootout, Sentnor convert ein opening kick as de United States advance.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.allforxi.com/2024/9/16/24246716/extra-extra-the-kids-are-alright-a-fifa-u-20-womens-world-cup-recap|title=Extra! Extra! The Kids are Alright: A FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup Recap|last=Sylvs|first=Southern|date=2024-09-16|website=All for XI|publisher=[[SB Nation]]|access-date=2024-09-18|archive-date=September 19, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919014539/https://www.allforxi.com/2024/9/16/24246716/extra-extra-the-kids-are-alright-a-fifa-u-20-womens-world-cup-recap|url-status=live}}</ref> After falling to eventual champions North Korea insyd de semifinals, Sentnor open scoring insyd de third-place match, a 2–1 victory over de Netherlands.<ref name="US24T">{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/09/us-under-20-womens-youth-national-team-vs-netherlands-score-result-stats-match-recap-fifa-u20-world-cup-third-place-match|title=USA Scores Dramatic 119th-Minute Game-Winner To Defeat The Netherlands 2-1 And Finish Third At 2024 FIFA Under-20 Women's World Cup|date=2024-09-22|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2024-09-21|archive-date=September 22, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922023000/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/09/us-under-20-womens-youth-national-team-vs-netherlands-score-result-stats-match-recap-fifa-u20-world-cup-third-place-match|url-status=live}}</ref> She be awarded de Bronze Ball as de third-most outstanding player of de tournament.<ref name="awards24">{{cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/womens/u20womensworldcup/colombia-2024/articles/award-winners-golden-ball-boot|title=Choe Il-son leads FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup award winners|date=2024-09-22|publisher=[[FIFA]]|access-date=2024-10-15|archive-date=September 23, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923051634/https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/womens/u20womensworldcup/colombia-2024/articles/award-winners-golden-ball-boot|url-status=live}}</ref> Following ein senior debut later dat year, she be named U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of de Year for 2024.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/uswnt-ally-sentnor-utah-royals-nwsl-baaead600fdc4354933ebec5e8330b8b|title=US youth team standout Ally Sentnor named US Soccer Young Female Player of the Year|last=Peterson|first=Anne M.|date=2025-01-17|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=2025-01-18}}</ref> === Senior national team === Head coach [[Emma Hayes]] give Sentnor ein first senior national team call-up on November 18, 2024, ahead of international friendlies against England den de Netherlands.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.enterprisenews.com/story/sports/women/2024/11/18/ally-sentnor-called-up-to-uswnt-soccer/76406757007/|title=Local soccer star called up to U.S. Women's National Team|last=McHugh|first=Eric|date=2024-11-18|newspaper=[[The Enterprise (Brockton)|The Enterprise]]|access-date=2024-11-18}}</ref> She make ein senior debut against England at Wembley Stadium on November 30, coming on as an 88th-minute substitute for [[Lindsey Horan]] insyd de 0–0 draw.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5958233/2024/11/30/england-0-uswnt-0-takeaways/|title=England 0, USWNT 0 takeaways: New-look front three offer promise, if not goals|last1=Linehan|first1=Meg|last2=Yang|first2=Meg|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=2024-11-30|date=2024-11-30}}</ref> On February 20, 2025, she make ein first senior international start wey she score ein first goal give de team, striking from long range to go up 2–0 against Colombia insyd de 2025 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcsports.com/watch/ally-sentnor-scores-in-first-uswnt-start-doubles-lead-v-colombia|title=Sentnor scores in first USWNT start to double lead|date=2025-02-20|publisher=[[NBC Sports]]|access-date=2025-02-20|archive-date=June 10, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610110716/https://www.nbcsports.com/watch/ally-sentnor-scores-in-first-uswnt-start-doubles-lead-v-colombia|url-status=live}}</ref> De goal be nominated for de FIFA Marta Award.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/en/the-best-fifa-football-awards/2025/articles/marta-award-nominees-voting|title=Watch the FIFA Marta Award nominees and cast your vote|date=2025-11-13|publisher=[[FIFA]]|access-date=2025-11-13}}</ref> Plus two goals den an assist, she be de sixth player to record goal contributions insyd all three games at one SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/lists/ally-sentnor-lily-yohannes-state-their-case-catarina-macario-announcers-her-return-stock-up-stock-down-after-uswnt-fall-in-shebelieve-s-cup-final/blt78664489caaf46ff|title=Ally Sentnor, Lily Yohannes state their case, Catarina Macario announces her return|last=Tolmich|first=Ryan|date=2025-04-23|website=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|access-date=2025-04-23|archive-date=June 10, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610110716/https://www.goal.com/en-us/lists/ally-sentnor-lily-yohannes-state-their-case-catarina-macario-announcers-her-return-stock-up-stock-down-after-uswnt-fall-in-shebelieve-s-cup-final/blt78664489caaf46ff|url-status=live}}</ref> == Personal life == Sentnor be de oldest of three kiddies dem born to Richard den Lee Sentnor.<ref name="UNC">{{cite web |title=Ally Sentnor – Women's Soccer |url=https://goheels.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/ally-sentnor/24533 |access-date=2023-12-03 |publisher=[[North Carolina Tar Heels|University of North Carolina Athletics]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nesoccerjournal.com/ally-sentnor-thayer-academy-us-soccer/|title=Thayer Academy freshman Ally Sentnor carries sky-high potential|last=Sigal|first=Jonathan|date=2018-09-05|website=New England Soccer Journal|url-access=limited|access-date=2023-12-13}}</ref> She dey share ein hometown of Hanson, Massachusetts (population 10,000), plus United States internationals [[Sam Mewis|Sam]] den [[Kristie Mewis]], plus whom she train a few times growing up. osar20lmyukt3vsqi6fqc9yyl9cz5j7 110171 110104 2026-08-18T16:36:46Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 110171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Allyson Marie Sentnor''' (born February 18, 2004) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a midfielder anaa forward give Angel City FC of de National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) den de United States national team. Sentnor play two seasons of college soccer give de North Carolina Tar Heels before she be picked first overall by de Utah Royals insyd de 2024 NWSL Draft. Insyd 2025, she be traded to de Kansas City Current insyd a then record intraleague transfer. Sentnor play give de youth national team at every age level, wey dey captain de under-20 team to bronze at de 2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. After she make ein senior debut de same year, she be named de U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of de Year. == Early life == Dem raise am insyd Hanson, Massachusetts, Sentnor begin dey play soccer at age four wey na she be coached by ein poppie on ein first team.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wcvb.com/article/meet-the-mass-woman-who-s-a-top-prospect-in-a-new-soccer-league/46355633|title=Mass. soccer star is top draft pick in women's soccer league|last=Funayama|first=Naoko|date=2024-01-12|publisher=[[WCVB-TV]]|access-date=2024-01-13}}</ref> She score so often as a kiddie say he go put am insyd goal anaa let am score only plus ein non-dominant left foot, wich help am develop equal comfort off both sides.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.allforxi.com/2024/4/5/24116144/ally-sentnor-wants-to-make-impactful-plays-whenever-she-can-for-the-utah-royals|title=Ally Sentnor wants to make impactful plays whenever she can for the Utah Royals|first=Kudzi|last=Musarurwa|date=2024-04-05|website=All for XI|publisher=[[SB Nation]]|access-date=2024-04-24|archive-date=April 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424193408/https://www.allforxi.com/2024/4/5/24116144/ally-sentnor-wants-to-make-impactful-plays-whenever-she-can-for-the-utah-royals|url-status=live}}</ref> She join Hingham club South Shore Select at age six wey she later train sam times plus de Boston Bolts boys' team.<ref name="USS2023">{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/05/ally-sentnors-first-concacaf|title=Ally Sentnor's First CONCACAF|date=2023-05-22|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> She sanso play de indoor soccer variant of futsal, wich help develop ein touch insyd limited space.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2023/10/sports-womens-soccer-nc-state-side-sept-2023-anson-dorrance-ally-sentnor|title=Top-scorer Ally Sentnor leads UNC women's soccer to 4–0 win at N.C. State|last=Monroe|first=Noah|date=2023-10-02|newspaper=[[The Daily Tar Heel]]|access-date=2023-12-13}}</ref> She attend Thayer Academy, joining de varsity soccer team insyd eighth grade, wey she reclassify to graduate one year early.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nesoccerjournal.com/ally-sentnor-accelerates-graduation-timeline-joins-uncs-class-of-2021/|title=Ally Sentnor accelerates graduation timeline, joins UNC's Class of 2021|url-access=limited|last=Sigal|first=Jonathan|date=2020-11-18|website=New England Soccer Journal|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> Insyd 2019, [[Megan Rapinoe]] present 15-year-old Sentnor plus de ''Sports Illustrated'' SportsKid of de Year award. == College career == [[File:UNC_vs_VT_(Sep_2023)_054_(Sentnor).jpg|right|thumb|Sentnor dey play give North Carolina insyd 2023]] Sentnor tear ein anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) minutes into ein first preseason game give de North Carolina Tar Heels as a freshman insyd 2021.<ref name="UNC2022">{{cite news|url=https://mediahub.unc.edu/a-victory-off-the-field-unc-womens-soccer-stars-campaign-for-recovery/|title=A victory off the field: UNC women's soccer star's campaign for recovery|last=Ferris|first=Sammy|date=2022-04-11|publisher=UNC Media Hub|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://chapelboro.com/sports/a-long-trek-back-ally-sentnors-return-giving-unc-womens-soccer-a-boost|title='A Long Trek Back': UNC's Ally Sentnor Returns to the Pitch After ACL Injury|last=Koh|first=Michael|date=2022-09-19|website=[[Chapelboro.com]]|access-date=2023-12-13}}</ref> She make ein return to de college field insyd 2022, scoring insyd ein regular-season debut against Wilmington.<ref name="DTH2022">{{cite news|url=https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2022/08/unc-womens-soccer-ally-sentnor-return-acl-uncw-anson-dorrance-world-cup-u20|title=Ally Sentnor makes her 'poetic return' to UNC women's soccer in victory over UNCW|last=Ware|first=Lindsey|newspaper=[[The Daily Tar Heel]]|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> She fini ein redshirt freshman season ranked second on de team plus 10 goals wey she add 2 assists insyd 25 games as North Carolina win de Atlantic Coast Conference regular-season title.<ref name="UNC">{{cite web |title=Ally Sentnor – Women's Soccer |url=https://goheels.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/ally-sentnor/24533 |access-date=2023-12-03 |publisher=[[North Carolina Tar Heels|University of North Carolina Athletics]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2022/10/unc-womens-soccer-acc-regular-season-champions-louisville-cardinals-acc-tournament|title=UNC women's soccer clinches ACC regular season title with 2-0 victory over Louisville|last=Wills|first=Caroline|date=2022-10-27|newspaper=[[The Daily Tar Heel]]|access-date=2024-09-06|archive-date=September 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906203629/https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2022/10/unc-womens-soccer-acc-regular-season-champions-louisville-cardinals-acc-tournament|url-status=live}}</ref> Five of ein goals cam during de NCAA tournament as North Carolina reach de national title game, wer dem loose to UCLA 3–2 insyd overtime. She be named to de All-ACC first team den NCAA all-tournament team.<ref name="UNC" /> Sentnor score a team-high 11 goals plus 7 assists insyd 23 games as a redshirt sophomore insyd 2023.<ref name="UNC">{{cite web |title=Ally Sentnor – Women's Soccer |url=https://goheels.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/ally-sentnor/24533 |access-date=2023-12-03 |publisher=[[North Carolina Tar Heels|University of North Carolina Athletics]]}}</ref> She record goal contributions insyd each of ein last seven games give de Heels, wey dey include four goals den three assists insyd four games of de NCAA tournament, wey ma she be involved insyd all three goals insyd dema 4–3 quarterfinal loss to BYU.<ref name="UNC" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2024/01/sports-womens-soccer-breaking-ally-sentnor-pro-career-jan-2024|title=UNC women's soccer midfielder Ally Sentnor to pursue professional career|date=2024-01-06|last=Wei|first=Daniel|newspaper=[[The Daily Tar Heel]]|access-date=2024-01-13|archive-date=January 13, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113144239/https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2024/01/sports-womens-soccer-breaking-ally-sentnor-pro-career-jan-2024|url-status=live}}</ref> She be named de ACC Midfielder of de Year, first-team All-ACC, den third-team United Soccer Coaches All-American.<ref name="UNC23">{{cite news|url=https://goheels.com/news/2023/12/1/womens-soccer-patterson-sentnor-nab-united-soccer-coaches-all-america-honors|title=Patterson, Sentnor Nab United Soccer Coaches All-America Honors|date=2023-12-01|publisher=[[North Carolina Tar Heels|University of North Carolina Athletics]]|access-date=2023-12-13}}</ref> She choose to turn professional after de season buh she continue dey study online to complete ein degree insyd 2024.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.unc.edu/posts/2024/03/13/gdtbath-ally-sentnor/|title=#GDTBATH: Ally Sentnor|last=Quinn|first=Ethan|date=2024-03-13|publisher=[[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina]]|access-date=2024-09-06}}</ref> == Club career == === Utah Royals === Sentnor be selected first overall insyd de 2024 NWSL Draft by de Utah Royals, wey na dem dey return to de NWSL after a four-year absence; she den North Carolina teammate [[Savy King]] be de top two picks.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/39296317/utah-royals-fc-pick-unc-midfielder-ally-sentnor-first-overall-nwsl-draft|title=Utah Royals FC pick UNC's Ally Sentnor first overall in NWSL draft|date=2024-01-12|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=2024-01-13}}</ref> She be signed to a three-year contract.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former UNC Standout Signs With Utah Royals FC |url=https://www.rsl.com/utahroyals/news/former-unc-standout-signs-with-utah-royals-fc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220053242/https://www.rsl.com/utahroyals/news/former-unc-standout-signs-with-utah-royals-fc |archive-date=February 20, 2024 |access-date=2024-02-20 |publisher=[[Utah Royals]]}}</ref> She make ein professional debut insyd de first game of de season, starting insyd a 2–0 defeat to de Chicago Red Stars on March 16.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wcvb.com/article/massachusetts-native-ally-sentnor-pro-soccer-debut/60259217|title=Massachusetts native reflects on her professional soccer debut|last=Funayama|first=Naoko|date=2024-03-20|publisher=[[WCVB-TV]]|access-date=2024-04-24|archive-date=April 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424192851/https://www.wcvb.com/article/massachusetts-native-ally-sentnor-pro-soccer-debut/60259217|url-status=live}}</ref> De following week, she score ein first professional goal against de North Carolina Courage, shooting from de corner of de penalty box off a long dribble, as de Royals win 2–1 at home.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/nwsl-score-angel-city-pride-royals-courage-8b6705dbb14bca433f1b971cd67e48a9|title=Expansion Utah wins first NWSL match 2–1 over North Carolina. Angel City and Orlando play to 1–1 tie|date=2024-03-23|last=Rantz|first=Susie|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=2024-04-24|archive-date=April 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424192851/https://apnews.com/article/nwsl-score-angel-city-pride-royals-courage-8b6705dbb14bca433f1b971cd67e48a9|url-status=live}}</ref> She be deployed as a winger at de start of de season, scoring anaa assisting on five of Utah ein first seven goals, before she move to a more playmaking role as an attacking midfielder at de end of June.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.allforxi.com/2024/8/23/24221887/ally-sentnor-wants-to-keep-having-fun-when-she-plays|title=Ally Sentnor wants to keep having fun when she plays|last=Musururwa|first=Kudzi|date=2024-08-23|website=All for XI|publisher=[[SB Nation]]|access-date=2024-09-06|archive-date=September 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906203623/https://www.allforxi.com/2024/8/23/24221887/ally-sentnor-wants-to-keep-having-fun-when-she-plays|url-status=live}}</ref> Sentnor win both NWSL Rookie of de Month den Player of de Month insyd July after she register three goals den an assist insyd four games den dey lead de bottom-of-the-league Royals to top dema group insyd de NWSL x Liga MX Femenil Summer Cup.<ref name="NWSL-07">{{cite news|url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/utah-royals-forward-ally-sentnor-named-july-player-of-the-month-presented-by-ea-sports-and-july-rookie-of-the-month-presented-by-ally|title=Utah Royals Forward Ally Sentnor Named July Player of the Month, Presented by EA SPORTS and July Rookie of the Month, Presented by Ally|date=2024-08-08|publisher=[[National Women's Soccer League]]|access-date=2024-08-08|archive-date=August 9, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809162927/https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-july-best-xi-of-the-month-presented-by-amazon-prime|url-status=live}}</ref> She fini ein rookie season plus 5 goals den 5 assists insyd 23 games insyd all competitions.<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway}}</ref> She be named ein club ein Offensive Player of de Year wey na she be one of three nominees for NWSL Rookie of de Year, wey she loose to [[Croix Bethune]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rsl.com/utahroyals/news/utah-royals-fc-announce-end-of-season-awards|title=Utah Royals FC Announce End of Season Awards|date=2024-11-06|publisher=[[Utah Royals]]|access-date=2024-11-17|archive-date=November 13, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241113054428/https://www.rsl.com/utahroyals/news/utah-royals-fc-announce-end-of-season-awards|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2024/11/19/croix-bethune-nwsl-rookie-year-spirit/|title=Spirit midfielder Croix Bethune claims NWSL rookie of the year honors|date=2024-11-19|last=Floyd|first=Thomas|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=2025-03-13}}</ref> On April 18, 2025, Sentnor score de second-latest game-winning goal insyd NWSL history, plus ein 90+10th-minute penalty kick securing a 1–0 win against de Chicago Stars.<ref>{{cite web |author=OptaJack |author-link=Opta Sports |date=2025-04-19 |title=99:42 – Ally Sentnor's match-winning penalty for @utahroyalsfc.com ... |url=https://bsky.app/profile/optajack.optajoe.com/post/3ln6jhhbbzk23 |access-date=2025-04-23 |publisher=[[Bluesky]]}}</ref> Na e be ein only NWSL goal of de season den Utah ein only win before de summer break.<ref name="FB25">{{cite web |title=Ally Sentnor 2025 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/e91c05ee/matchlogs/2025/Ally-Sentnor-Match-Logs |access-date=2025-11-13 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> === Kansas City Current === On August 1, 2025, de Royals trade Sentnor to de Kansas City Current in exchange for a total fee of $600,000 insyd intraleague transfer funds to be paid across three seasons.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2025 |title=Kansas City Current Acquires 2024 U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of the Year Ally Sentnor |url=https://www.kansascitycurrent.com/news/kansas-city-current-acquires-2024-u-s-soccer-young-female-pl |access-date=August 1, 2025 |website=[[Kansas City Current]]}}</ref> Na e be de most expensive intraleague transfer at de time.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/45881159/uswnt-ally-sentnor-joins-kc-current-record-deal-sources|title=USWNT's Ally Sentnor joins KC Current from in record deal|publisher=[[ESPN]]|last=Kassouf|first=Jeff|date=2025-08-01|access-date=2025-11-13}}</ref> De move sanso unite Sentnor plus ein close paddie [[Claire Hutton]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6725160/2025/10/19/hutton-sentnor-friendship-kc-current-uswnt/|title=USWNT's Claire Hutton and Ally Sentnor: Kindred spirits carrying the torch for a new generation|last=Pelit|first=Asli|date=2025-10-19|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=2025-11-13}}</ref> She make ein Current debut insyd an immediate return to America First Field, replacing [[Debinha]] at halftime insyd a 1–0 victory over de Royals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USWNT Rewind: Sam Coffey Finds the Net, Ally Sentnor Debuts for Kansas City Current |url=https://ussoccer.com/stories/2025/08/uswnt-sam-coffey-portland-thorns-ally-sentnor-debuts-kansas-city-current-nwsl |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=[[US Soccer]] |language=en}}</ref> She play insyd 11 regular-season games as de Current clinch de NWSL Shield plus de best record insyd de league.<ref>{{cite web |title=2025 Kansas City Current Stats |url=https://fbref.com/en/squads/6f666306/Kansas-City-Current-Stats |access-date=2025-11-13 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> She make ein playoff debut insyd de quarterfinals as de Current be upset 2–1 by eventual champions Gotham FC insyd extra time.<ref name="FB25">{{cite web |title=Ally Sentnor 2025 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/e91c05ee/matchlogs/2025/Ally-Sentnor-Match-Logs |access-date=2025-11-13 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> Sentnor score ein first goal give de Current insyd a season-opening 2–1 win over former club Utah Royals on March 14, 2026.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kansascity.com/sports/soccer/kc-current/article315046423.html|title=Beating Utah in sunny season opener, KC Current wins 1st game under new head coach|date=2026-03-14|last=Sperry|first=Daniel|newspaper=[[The Kansas City Star]]|access-date=2026-03-15}}</ref> === Angel City === On June 19, 2026, de Current trade Sentnor to Angel City FC for $850,000 insyd intraleague transfer funds.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://angelcity.com/acfc-post/acfc-signs-uswnt-midfielder-ally-sentnor-trade-with-kansas-city-current|title=Angel City FC Signs US Women's National Team Midfielder Ally Sentnor Through Trade With Kansas City Current|date=2026-06-19|publisher=[[Angel City FC]]|access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref> Sentnor debut give Angel City on July 3, 2026, earning de start insyd a 2–0 win over de Orlando Pride.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lodha |first1=Karan |date=3 July 2026 |title=Angel City FC Defeats Orlando Pride in First Contest After Break |url=https://angelcity.com/acfc-post/acfc-defeats-orlando-pride-in-first-contest-after-break |access-date=5 July 2026 |publisher=[[Angel City FC]]}}</ref> == International career == [[File:Ally_Sentnor_USWNT_v_Colombia_Mar_7_2026-192.jpg|thumb|Sentnor plus de USWNT insyd 2026]] === Youth national team === Sentnor be selected to de train plus de United States under-14 team at de age of 12 insyd June 2016, de youngest player dem call into de camp.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://selectma.com/ally-sentnor-selected-to-attend-the-us-u14-girls-national-training-camp-in-colorado/|title=Ally Sentnor selected to attend the US U14 Girls' National Training Camp in Colorado|publisher=South Shore Select|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> At age 13, she score five goals insyd two friendlies give de under-15s insyd Germany insyd November 2017.<ref name="USS2023">{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/05/ally-sentnors-first-concacaf|title=Ally Sentnor's First CONCACAF|date=2023-05-22|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.soccertoday.com/u-s-u15-girls-national-team-win-twice-in-germany/|title=U.S. U15 Girls National Team Win Twice in Germany|last=Scavuzzo|first=Diane|date=2017-11-04|website=SoccerToday|access-date=2023-12-12|archive-date=June 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629002051/https://www.soccertoday.com/u-s-u15-girls-national-team-win-twice-in-germany/|url-status=dead}}</ref> She sanso play give de under-16s dat year wey na she dey under consideration give de roster for de 2018 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup, buh ultimately dem no select am to join players three years above ein age group.<ref name="USS2023" /> She be de most valuable player of de invitational Weifang Cup at de under-15 level insyd China insyd 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.soccerwire.com/news/u-s-u-15-girls-national-team-completes-sweep-at-cfa-tournament-in-china/|title=U.S. U-15 GNT earns three-game sweep at CFA Tournament in China|date=2018-08-31|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2023-12-13|via=SoccerWire}}</ref> She be de under-17 team ein leading goalscorer insyd 2019, sanso scoring two goals insyd two games for de under-18s against England at de start of de year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/11/2018-us-soccer-young-male-young-female-and-player-of-the-year-with-a-disability-award-nominees-annou|title=2018 U.S. Soccer Young Male, Young Female and Player of the Year with a Disability Award Nominees Announced|date=2018-09-28|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2025-03-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2019/02/us-u18-wnt-draws-22-with-england-in-first-of-two-matches-to-start-new-cycle|title=U.S. U-18 WNT Draws 2–2 with England in First of Two Matches to Start New Cycle|date=2019-02-23|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> Insyd 2020, secof de COVID-19 pandemic, na dem cancel ein age group ein CONCACAF Women's U-17 Championship den FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup.<ref name="USS2023" /> Following ein ACL recovery, Sentnor make ein under-20 debut at de 2022 Sud Ladies Cup, wich de United States win.<ref name="USS2023">{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/05/ally-sentnors-first-concacaf|title=Ally Sentnor's First CONCACAF|date=2023-05-22|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> She be one of de younger players dem select to de roster at de 2022 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. She appear insyd all three group stage games wey she score insyd dema opening 3–0 win against Ghana.<ref name="USS2023" /> De next year, she co-captain de under-20s plus [[Elise Evans]] at de 2023 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship. She score four goals during de tournament, helping de United States fini runners-up to Mexico wey dem qualify for de 2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.<ref name="USS2023" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/06/2023-concacaf-womens-u-20-championship-usa-1-mexico-2-match-report-stats-standings|title=U.S. U-20 Women's Youth National Team Falls to Mexico 2–1 in Hard-Fought CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship Final|date=2023-06-04|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> Wearing de captain's armband, Sentnor lead de United States to third place at de 2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, de country ein best result since 2012, scoring three goals insyd seven games.<ref name="US24T" /> Insyd de first knockout round, she score de second goal insyd a 3–2 overtime win against Mexico.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/09/us-under-20-womens-youth-national-team-vs-mexico-score-result-stats-match-recap|title=USA Advances to Quarterfinals of 2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Colombia with Dramatic 3-2 Overtime Win Over Mexico as Forward Jordynn Dudley Scores Game-Winner in 97th Minute|date=2024-09-12|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2024-09-16}}</ref> Insyd de quarterfinals, trailing Germany 2–0, de United States cam back insyd de last moments of regulation plus a goal from [[Jordynn Dudley]] den an own goal forced by Sentnor insyd de 90+8th den 90+9th minutes; insyd a penalty shootout, Sentnor convert ein opening kick as de United States advance.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.allforxi.com/2024/9/16/24246716/extra-extra-the-kids-are-alright-a-fifa-u-20-womens-world-cup-recap|title=Extra! Extra! The Kids are Alright: A FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup Recap|last=Sylvs|first=Southern|date=2024-09-16|website=All for XI|publisher=[[SB Nation]]|access-date=2024-09-18|archive-date=September 19, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919014539/https://www.allforxi.com/2024/9/16/24246716/extra-extra-the-kids-are-alright-a-fifa-u-20-womens-world-cup-recap|url-status=live}}</ref> After falling to eventual champions North Korea insyd de semifinals, Sentnor open scoring insyd de third-place match, a 2–1 victory over de Netherlands.<ref name="US24T">{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/09/us-under-20-womens-youth-national-team-vs-netherlands-score-result-stats-match-recap-fifa-u20-world-cup-third-place-match|title=USA Scores Dramatic 119th-Minute Game-Winner To Defeat The Netherlands 2-1 And Finish Third At 2024 FIFA Under-20 Women's World Cup|date=2024-09-22|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2024-09-21|archive-date=September 22, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922023000/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/09/us-under-20-womens-youth-national-team-vs-netherlands-score-result-stats-match-recap-fifa-u20-world-cup-third-place-match|url-status=live}}</ref> She be awarded de Bronze Ball as de third-most outstanding player of de tournament.<ref name="awards24">{{cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/womens/u20womensworldcup/colombia-2024/articles/award-winners-golden-ball-boot|title=Choe Il-son leads FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup award winners|date=2024-09-22|publisher=[[FIFA]]|access-date=2024-10-15|archive-date=September 23, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923051634/https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/womens/u20womensworldcup/colombia-2024/articles/award-winners-golden-ball-boot|url-status=live}}</ref> Following ein senior debut later dat year, she be named U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of de Year for 2024.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/uswnt-ally-sentnor-utah-royals-nwsl-baaead600fdc4354933ebec5e8330b8b|title=US youth team standout Ally Sentnor named US Soccer Young Female Player of the Year|last=Peterson|first=Anne M.|date=2025-01-17|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=2025-01-18}}</ref> === Senior national team === Head coach [[Emma Hayes]] give Sentnor ein first senior national team call-up on November 18, 2024, ahead of international friendlies against England den de Netherlands.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.enterprisenews.com/story/sports/women/2024/11/18/ally-sentnor-called-up-to-uswnt-soccer/76406757007/|title=Local soccer star called up to U.S. Women's National Team|last=McHugh|first=Eric|date=2024-11-18|newspaper=[[The Enterprise (Brockton)|The Enterprise]]|access-date=2024-11-18}}</ref> She make ein senior debut against England at Wembley Stadium on November 30, coming on as an 88th-minute substitute for [[Lindsey Horan]] insyd de 0–0 draw.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5958233/2024/11/30/england-0-uswnt-0-takeaways/|title=England 0, USWNT 0 takeaways: New-look front three offer promise, if not goals|last1=Linehan|first1=Meg|last2=Yang|first2=Meg|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=2024-11-30|date=2024-11-30}}</ref> On February 20, 2025, she make ein first senior international start wey she score ein first goal give de team, striking from long range to go up 2–0 against Colombia insyd de 2025 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcsports.com/watch/ally-sentnor-scores-in-first-uswnt-start-doubles-lead-v-colombia|title=Sentnor scores in first USWNT start to double lead|date=2025-02-20|publisher=[[NBC Sports]]|access-date=2025-02-20|archive-date=June 10, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610110716/https://www.nbcsports.com/watch/ally-sentnor-scores-in-first-uswnt-start-doubles-lead-v-colombia|url-status=live}}</ref> De goal be nominated for de FIFA Marta Award.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/en/the-best-fifa-football-awards/2025/articles/marta-award-nominees-voting|title=Watch the FIFA Marta Award nominees and cast your vote|date=2025-11-13|publisher=[[FIFA]]|access-date=2025-11-13}}</ref> Plus two goals den an assist, she be de sixth player to record goal contributions insyd all three games at one SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/lists/ally-sentnor-lily-yohannes-state-their-case-catarina-macario-announcers-her-return-stock-up-stock-down-after-uswnt-fall-in-shebelieve-s-cup-final/blt78664489caaf46ff|title=Ally Sentnor, Lily Yohannes state their case, Catarina Macario announces her return|last=Tolmich|first=Ryan|date=2025-04-23|website=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|access-date=2025-04-23|archive-date=June 10, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610110716/https://www.goal.com/en-us/lists/ally-sentnor-lily-yohannes-state-their-case-catarina-macario-announcers-her-return-stock-up-stock-down-after-uswnt-fall-in-shebelieve-s-cup-final/blt78664489caaf46ff|url-status=live}}</ref> == Personal life == Sentnor be de oldest of three kiddies dem born to Richard den Lee Sentnor.<ref name="UNC">{{cite web |title=Ally Sentnor – Women's Soccer |url=https://goheels.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/ally-sentnor/24533 |access-date=2023-12-03 |publisher=[[North Carolina Tar Heels|University of North Carolina Athletics]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nesoccerjournal.com/ally-sentnor-thayer-academy-us-soccer/|title=Thayer Academy freshman Ally Sentnor carries sky-high potential|last=Sigal|first=Jonathan|date=2018-09-05|website=New England Soccer Journal|url-access=limited|access-date=2023-12-13}}</ref> She dey share ein hometown of Hanson, Massachusetts (population 10,000), plus United States internationals [[Sam Mewis|Sam]] den [[Kristie Mewis]], plus whom she train a few times growing up. == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} *{{Soccerway}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sentnor, Ally}} [[Category:Human]] [[Category:2004 births]] [[Category:People wey komot Hanson, Massachusetts]] [[Category:Soccer players wey komot Massachusetts]] [[Category:American women's soccer players]] [[Category:Women's association football forwards]] [[Category:Women's association football midfielders]] [[Category:United States women's youth international soccer players]] [[Category:United States women's under-20 international soccer players]] [[Category:North Carolina Tar Heels women's soccer players]] [[Category:First overall NWSL draft picks]] [[Category:Utah Royals FC draft picks]] [[Category:Utah Royals players]] [[Category:National Women's Soccer League players]] [[Category:Kansas City Current players]] [[Category:21st-century American sportswomen]] [[Category:United States women's international soccer players]] [[Category:Angel City FC players]] mdekh555li3livpyqooy5aram5u37ei 110177 110171 2026-08-18T16:53:32Z DaSupremo 9 /* Career statistics */ Improve article 110177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Allyson Marie Sentnor''' (born February 18, 2004) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a midfielder anaa forward give Angel City FC of de National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) den de United States national team. Sentnor play two seasons of college soccer give de North Carolina Tar Heels before she be picked first overall by de Utah Royals insyd de 2024 NWSL Draft. Insyd 2025, she be traded to de Kansas City Current insyd a then record intraleague transfer. Sentnor play give de youth national team at every age level, wey dey captain de under-20 team to bronze at de 2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. After she make ein senior debut de same year, she be named de U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of de Year. == Early life == Dem raise am insyd Hanson, Massachusetts, Sentnor begin dey play soccer at age four wey na she be coached by ein poppie on ein first team.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wcvb.com/article/meet-the-mass-woman-who-s-a-top-prospect-in-a-new-soccer-league/46355633|title=Mass. soccer star is top draft pick in women's soccer league|last=Funayama|first=Naoko|date=2024-01-12|publisher=[[WCVB-TV]]|access-date=2024-01-13}}</ref> She score so often as a kiddie say he go put am insyd goal anaa let am score only plus ein non-dominant left foot, wich help am develop equal comfort off both sides.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.allforxi.com/2024/4/5/24116144/ally-sentnor-wants-to-make-impactful-plays-whenever-she-can-for-the-utah-royals|title=Ally Sentnor wants to make impactful plays whenever she can for the Utah Royals|first=Kudzi|last=Musarurwa|date=2024-04-05|website=All for XI|publisher=[[SB Nation]]|access-date=2024-04-24|archive-date=April 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424193408/https://www.allforxi.com/2024/4/5/24116144/ally-sentnor-wants-to-make-impactful-plays-whenever-she-can-for-the-utah-royals|url-status=live}}</ref> She join Hingham club South Shore Select at age six wey she later train sam times plus de Boston Bolts boys' team.<ref name="USS2023">{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/05/ally-sentnors-first-concacaf|title=Ally Sentnor's First CONCACAF|date=2023-05-22|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> She sanso play de indoor soccer variant of futsal, wich help develop ein touch insyd limited space.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2023/10/sports-womens-soccer-nc-state-side-sept-2023-anson-dorrance-ally-sentnor|title=Top-scorer Ally Sentnor leads UNC women's soccer to 4–0 win at N.C. State|last=Monroe|first=Noah|date=2023-10-02|newspaper=[[The Daily Tar Heel]]|access-date=2023-12-13}}</ref> She attend Thayer Academy, joining de varsity soccer team insyd eighth grade, wey she reclassify to graduate one year early.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nesoccerjournal.com/ally-sentnor-accelerates-graduation-timeline-joins-uncs-class-of-2021/|title=Ally Sentnor accelerates graduation timeline, joins UNC's Class of 2021|url-access=limited|last=Sigal|first=Jonathan|date=2020-11-18|website=New England Soccer Journal|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> Insyd 2019, [[Megan Rapinoe]] present 15-year-old Sentnor plus de ''Sports Illustrated'' SportsKid of de Year award. == College career == [[File:UNC_vs_VT_(Sep_2023)_054_(Sentnor).jpg|right|thumb|Sentnor dey play give North Carolina insyd 2023]] Sentnor tear ein anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) minutes into ein first preseason game give de North Carolina Tar Heels as a freshman insyd 2021.<ref name="UNC2022">{{cite news|url=https://mediahub.unc.edu/a-victory-off-the-field-unc-womens-soccer-stars-campaign-for-recovery/|title=A victory off the field: UNC women's soccer star's campaign for recovery|last=Ferris|first=Sammy|date=2022-04-11|publisher=UNC Media Hub|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://chapelboro.com/sports/a-long-trek-back-ally-sentnors-return-giving-unc-womens-soccer-a-boost|title='A Long Trek Back': UNC's Ally Sentnor Returns to the Pitch After ACL Injury|last=Koh|first=Michael|date=2022-09-19|website=[[Chapelboro.com]]|access-date=2023-12-13}}</ref> She make ein return to de college field insyd 2022, scoring insyd ein regular-season debut against Wilmington.<ref name="DTH2022">{{cite news|url=https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2022/08/unc-womens-soccer-ally-sentnor-return-acl-uncw-anson-dorrance-world-cup-u20|title=Ally Sentnor makes her 'poetic return' to UNC women's soccer in victory over UNCW|last=Ware|first=Lindsey|newspaper=[[The Daily Tar Heel]]|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> She fini ein redshirt freshman season ranked second on de team plus 10 goals wey she add 2 assists insyd 25 games as North Carolina win de Atlantic Coast Conference regular-season title.<ref name="UNC">{{cite web |title=Ally Sentnor – Women's Soccer |url=https://goheels.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/ally-sentnor/24533 |access-date=2023-12-03 |publisher=[[North Carolina Tar Heels|University of North Carolina Athletics]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2022/10/unc-womens-soccer-acc-regular-season-champions-louisville-cardinals-acc-tournament|title=UNC women's soccer clinches ACC regular season title with 2-0 victory over Louisville|last=Wills|first=Caroline|date=2022-10-27|newspaper=[[The Daily Tar Heel]]|access-date=2024-09-06|archive-date=September 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906203629/https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2022/10/unc-womens-soccer-acc-regular-season-champions-louisville-cardinals-acc-tournament|url-status=live}}</ref> Five of ein goals cam during de NCAA tournament as North Carolina reach de national title game, wer dem loose to UCLA 3–2 insyd overtime. She be named to de All-ACC first team den NCAA all-tournament team.<ref name="UNC" /> Sentnor score a team-high 11 goals plus 7 assists insyd 23 games as a redshirt sophomore insyd 2023.<ref name="UNC">{{cite web |title=Ally Sentnor – Women's Soccer |url=https://goheels.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/ally-sentnor/24533 |access-date=2023-12-03 |publisher=[[North Carolina Tar Heels|University of North Carolina Athletics]]}}</ref> She record goal contributions insyd each of ein last seven games give de Heels, wey dey include four goals den three assists insyd four games of de NCAA tournament, wey ma she be involved insyd all three goals insyd dema 4–3 quarterfinal loss to BYU.<ref name="UNC" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2024/01/sports-womens-soccer-breaking-ally-sentnor-pro-career-jan-2024|title=UNC women's soccer midfielder Ally Sentnor to pursue professional career|date=2024-01-06|last=Wei|first=Daniel|newspaper=[[The Daily Tar Heel]]|access-date=2024-01-13|archive-date=January 13, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113144239/https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2024/01/sports-womens-soccer-breaking-ally-sentnor-pro-career-jan-2024|url-status=live}}</ref> She be named de ACC Midfielder of de Year, first-team All-ACC, den third-team United Soccer Coaches All-American.<ref name="UNC23">{{cite news|url=https://goheels.com/news/2023/12/1/womens-soccer-patterson-sentnor-nab-united-soccer-coaches-all-america-honors|title=Patterson, Sentnor Nab United Soccer Coaches All-America Honors|date=2023-12-01|publisher=[[North Carolina Tar Heels|University of North Carolina Athletics]]|access-date=2023-12-13}}</ref> She choose to turn professional after de season buh she continue dey study online to complete ein degree insyd 2024.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.unc.edu/posts/2024/03/13/gdtbath-ally-sentnor/|title=#GDTBATH: Ally Sentnor|last=Quinn|first=Ethan|date=2024-03-13|publisher=[[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina]]|access-date=2024-09-06}}</ref> == Club career == === Utah Royals === Sentnor be selected first overall insyd de 2024 NWSL Draft by de Utah Royals, wey na dem dey return to de NWSL after a four-year absence; she den North Carolina teammate [[Savy King]] be de top two picks.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/39296317/utah-royals-fc-pick-unc-midfielder-ally-sentnor-first-overall-nwsl-draft|title=Utah Royals FC pick UNC's Ally Sentnor first overall in NWSL draft|date=2024-01-12|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=2024-01-13}}</ref> She be signed to a three-year contract.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former UNC Standout Signs With Utah Royals FC |url=https://www.rsl.com/utahroyals/news/former-unc-standout-signs-with-utah-royals-fc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220053242/https://www.rsl.com/utahroyals/news/former-unc-standout-signs-with-utah-royals-fc |archive-date=February 20, 2024 |access-date=2024-02-20 |publisher=[[Utah Royals]]}}</ref> She make ein professional debut insyd de first game of de season, starting insyd a 2–0 defeat to de Chicago Red Stars on March 16.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wcvb.com/article/massachusetts-native-ally-sentnor-pro-soccer-debut/60259217|title=Massachusetts native reflects on her professional soccer debut|last=Funayama|first=Naoko|date=2024-03-20|publisher=[[WCVB-TV]]|access-date=2024-04-24|archive-date=April 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424192851/https://www.wcvb.com/article/massachusetts-native-ally-sentnor-pro-soccer-debut/60259217|url-status=live}}</ref> De following week, she score ein first professional goal against de North Carolina Courage, shooting from de corner of de penalty box off a long dribble, as de Royals win 2–1 at home.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/nwsl-score-angel-city-pride-royals-courage-8b6705dbb14bca433f1b971cd67e48a9|title=Expansion Utah wins first NWSL match 2–1 over North Carolina. Angel City and Orlando play to 1–1 tie|date=2024-03-23|last=Rantz|first=Susie|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=2024-04-24|archive-date=April 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424192851/https://apnews.com/article/nwsl-score-angel-city-pride-royals-courage-8b6705dbb14bca433f1b971cd67e48a9|url-status=live}}</ref> She be deployed as a winger at de start of de season, scoring anaa assisting on five of Utah ein first seven goals, before she move to a more playmaking role as an attacking midfielder at de end of June.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.allforxi.com/2024/8/23/24221887/ally-sentnor-wants-to-keep-having-fun-when-she-plays|title=Ally Sentnor wants to keep having fun when she plays|last=Musururwa|first=Kudzi|date=2024-08-23|website=All for XI|publisher=[[SB Nation]]|access-date=2024-09-06|archive-date=September 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906203623/https://www.allforxi.com/2024/8/23/24221887/ally-sentnor-wants-to-keep-having-fun-when-she-plays|url-status=live}}</ref> Sentnor win both NWSL Rookie of de Month den Player of de Month insyd July after she register three goals den an assist insyd four games den dey lead de bottom-of-the-league Royals to top dema group insyd de NWSL x Liga MX Femenil Summer Cup.<ref name="NWSL-07">{{cite news|url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/utah-royals-forward-ally-sentnor-named-july-player-of-the-month-presented-by-ea-sports-and-july-rookie-of-the-month-presented-by-ally|title=Utah Royals Forward Ally Sentnor Named July Player of the Month, Presented by EA SPORTS and July Rookie of the Month, Presented by Ally|date=2024-08-08|publisher=[[National Women's Soccer League]]|access-date=2024-08-08|archive-date=August 9, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809162927/https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-july-best-xi-of-the-month-presented-by-amazon-prime|url-status=live}}</ref> She fini ein rookie season plus 5 goals den 5 assists insyd 23 games insyd all competitions.<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway}}</ref> She be named ein club ein Offensive Player of de Year wey na she be one of three nominees for NWSL Rookie of de Year, wey she loose to [[Croix Bethune]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rsl.com/utahroyals/news/utah-royals-fc-announce-end-of-season-awards|title=Utah Royals FC Announce End of Season Awards|date=2024-11-06|publisher=[[Utah Royals]]|access-date=2024-11-17|archive-date=November 13, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241113054428/https://www.rsl.com/utahroyals/news/utah-royals-fc-announce-end-of-season-awards|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2024/11/19/croix-bethune-nwsl-rookie-year-spirit/|title=Spirit midfielder Croix Bethune claims NWSL rookie of the year honors|date=2024-11-19|last=Floyd|first=Thomas|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=2025-03-13}}</ref> On April 18, 2025, Sentnor score de second-latest game-winning goal insyd NWSL history, plus ein 90+10th-minute penalty kick securing a 1–0 win against de Chicago Stars.<ref>{{cite web |author=OptaJack |author-link=Opta Sports |date=2025-04-19 |title=99:42 – Ally Sentnor's match-winning penalty for @utahroyalsfc.com ... |url=https://bsky.app/profile/optajack.optajoe.com/post/3ln6jhhbbzk23 |access-date=2025-04-23 |publisher=[[Bluesky]]}}</ref> Na e be ein only NWSL goal of de season den Utah ein only win before de summer break.<ref name="FB25">{{cite web |title=Ally Sentnor 2025 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/e91c05ee/matchlogs/2025/Ally-Sentnor-Match-Logs |access-date=2025-11-13 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> === Kansas City Current === On August 1, 2025, de Royals trade Sentnor to de Kansas City Current in exchange for a total fee of $600,000 insyd intraleague transfer funds to be paid across three seasons.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2025 |title=Kansas City Current Acquires 2024 U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of the Year Ally Sentnor |url=https://www.kansascitycurrent.com/news/kansas-city-current-acquires-2024-u-s-soccer-young-female-pl |access-date=August 1, 2025 |website=[[Kansas City Current]]}}</ref> Na e be de most expensive intraleague transfer at de time.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/45881159/uswnt-ally-sentnor-joins-kc-current-record-deal-sources|title=USWNT's Ally Sentnor joins KC Current from in record deal|publisher=[[ESPN]]|last=Kassouf|first=Jeff|date=2025-08-01|access-date=2025-11-13}}</ref> De move sanso unite Sentnor plus ein close paddie [[Claire Hutton]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6725160/2025/10/19/hutton-sentnor-friendship-kc-current-uswnt/|title=USWNT's Claire Hutton and Ally Sentnor: Kindred spirits carrying the torch for a new generation|last=Pelit|first=Asli|date=2025-10-19|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=2025-11-13}}</ref> She make ein Current debut insyd an immediate return to America First Field, replacing [[Debinha]] at halftime insyd a 1–0 victory over de Royals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USWNT Rewind: Sam Coffey Finds the Net, Ally Sentnor Debuts for Kansas City Current |url=https://ussoccer.com/stories/2025/08/uswnt-sam-coffey-portland-thorns-ally-sentnor-debuts-kansas-city-current-nwsl |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=[[US Soccer]] |language=en}}</ref> She play insyd 11 regular-season games as de Current clinch de NWSL Shield plus de best record insyd de league.<ref>{{cite web |title=2025 Kansas City Current Stats |url=https://fbref.com/en/squads/6f666306/Kansas-City-Current-Stats |access-date=2025-11-13 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> She make ein playoff debut insyd de quarterfinals as de Current be upset 2–1 by eventual champions Gotham FC insyd extra time.<ref name="FB25">{{cite web |title=Ally Sentnor 2025 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/e91c05ee/matchlogs/2025/Ally-Sentnor-Match-Logs |access-date=2025-11-13 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> Sentnor score ein first goal give de Current insyd a season-opening 2–1 win over former club Utah Royals on March 14, 2026.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kansascity.com/sports/soccer/kc-current/article315046423.html|title=Beating Utah in sunny season opener, KC Current wins 1st game under new head coach|date=2026-03-14|last=Sperry|first=Daniel|newspaper=[[The Kansas City Star]]|access-date=2026-03-15}}</ref> === Angel City === On June 19, 2026, de Current trade Sentnor to Angel City FC for $850,000 insyd intraleague transfer funds.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://angelcity.com/acfc-post/acfc-signs-uswnt-midfielder-ally-sentnor-trade-with-kansas-city-current|title=Angel City FC Signs US Women's National Team Midfielder Ally Sentnor Through Trade With Kansas City Current|date=2026-06-19|publisher=[[Angel City FC]]|access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref> Sentnor debut give Angel City on July 3, 2026, earning de start insyd a 2–0 win over de Orlando Pride.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lodha |first1=Karan |date=3 July 2026 |title=Angel City FC Defeats Orlando Pride in First Contest After Break |url=https://angelcity.com/acfc-post/acfc-defeats-orlando-pride-in-first-contest-after-break |access-date=5 July 2026 |publisher=[[Angel City FC]]}}</ref> == International career == [[File:Ally_Sentnor_USWNT_v_Colombia_Mar_7_2026-192.jpg|thumb|Sentnor plus de USWNT insyd 2026]] === Youth national team === Sentnor be selected to de train plus de United States under-14 team at de age of 12 insyd June 2016, de youngest player dem call into de camp.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://selectma.com/ally-sentnor-selected-to-attend-the-us-u14-girls-national-training-camp-in-colorado/|title=Ally Sentnor selected to attend the US U14 Girls' National Training Camp in Colorado|publisher=South Shore Select|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> At age 13, she score five goals insyd two friendlies give de under-15s insyd Germany insyd November 2017.<ref name="USS2023">{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/05/ally-sentnors-first-concacaf|title=Ally Sentnor's First CONCACAF|date=2023-05-22|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.soccertoday.com/u-s-u15-girls-national-team-win-twice-in-germany/|title=U.S. U15 Girls National Team Win Twice in Germany|last=Scavuzzo|first=Diane|date=2017-11-04|website=SoccerToday|access-date=2023-12-12|archive-date=June 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629002051/https://www.soccertoday.com/u-s-u15-girls-national-team-win-twice-in-germany/|url-status=dead}}</ref> She sanso play give de under-16s dat year wey na she dey under consideration give de roster for de 2018 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup, buh ultimately dem no select am to join players three years above ein age group.<ref name="USS2023" /> She be de most valuable player of de invitational Weifang Cup at de under-15 level insyd China insyd 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.soccerwire.com/news/u-s-u-15-girls-national-team-completes-sweep-at-cfa-tournament-in-china/|title=U.S. U-15 GNT earns three-game sweep at CFA Tournament in China|date=2018-08-31|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2023-12-13|via=SoccerWire}}</ref> She be de under-17 team ein leading goalscorer insyd 2019, sanso scoring two goals insyd two games for de under-18s against England at de start of de year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/11/2018-us-soccer-young-male-young-female-and-player-of-the-year-with-a-disability-award-nominees-annou|title=2018 U.S. Soccer Young Male, Young Female and Player of the Year with a Disability Award Nominees Announced|date=2018-09-28|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2025-03-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2019/02/us-u18-wnt-draws-22-with-england-in-first-of-two-matches-to-start-new-cycle|title=U.S. U-18 WNT Draws 2–2 with England in First of Two Matches to Start New Cycle|date=2019-02-23|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> Insyd 2020, secof de COVID-19 pandemic, na dem cancel ein age group ein CONCACAF Women's U-17 Championship den FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup.<ref name="USS2023" /> Following ein ACL recovery, Sentnor make ein under-20 debut at de 2022 Sud Ladies Cup, wich de United States win.<ref name="USS2023">{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/05/ally-sentnors-first-concacaf|title=Ally Sentnor's First CONCACAF|date=2023-05-22|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> She be one of de younger players dem select to de roster at de 2022 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. She appear insyd all three group stage games wey she score insyd dema opening 3–0 win against Ghana.<ref name="USS2023" /> De next year, she co-captain de under-20s plus [[Elise Evans]] at de 2023 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship. She score four goals during de tournament, helping de United States fini runners-up to Mexico wey dem qualify for de 2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.<ref name="USS2023" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/06/2023-concacaf-womens-u-20-championship-usa-1-mexico-2-match-report-stats-standings|title=U.S. U-20 Women's Youth National Team Falls to Mexico 2–1 in Hard-Fought CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship Final|date=2023-06-04|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> Wearing de captain's armband, Sentnor lead de United States to third place at de 2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, de country ein best result since 2012, scoring three goals insyd seven games.<ref name="US24T" /> Insyd de first knockout round, she score de second goal insyd a 3–2 overtime win against Mexico.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/09/us-under-20-womens-youth-national-team-vs-mexico-score-result-stats-match-recap|title=USA Advances to Quarterfinals of 2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Colombia with Dramatic 3-2 Overtime Win Over Mexico as Forward Jordynn Dudley Scores Game-Winner in 97th Minute|date=2024-09-12|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2024-09-16}}</ref> Insyd de quarterfinals, trailing Germany 2–0, de United States cam back insyd de last moments of regulation plus a goal from [[Jordynn Dudley]] den an own goal forced by Sentnor insyd de 90+8th den 90+9th minutes; insyd a penalty shootout, Sentnor convert ein opening kick as de United States advance.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.allforxi.com/2024/9/16/24246716/extra-extra-the-kids-are-alright-a-fifa-u-20-womens-world-cup-recap|title=Extra! Extra! The Kids are Alright: A FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup Recap|last=Sylvs|first=Southern|date=2024-09-16|website=All for XI|publisher=[[SB Nation]]|access-date=2024-09-18|archive-date=September 19, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919014539/https://www.allforxi.com/2024/9/16/24246716/extra-extra-the-kids-are-alright-a-fifa-u-20-womens-world-cup-recap|url-status=live}}</ref> After falling to eventual champions North Korea insyd de semifinals, Sentnor open scoring insyd de third-place match, a 2–1 victory over de Netherlands.<ref name="US24T">{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/09/us-under-20-womens-youth-national-team-vs-netherlands-score-result-stats-match-recap-fifa-u20-world-cup-third-place-match|title=USA Scores Dramatic 119th-Minute Game-Winner To Defeat The Netherlands 2-1 And Finish Third At 2024 FIFA Under-20 Women's World Cup|date=2024-09-22|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2024-09-21|archive-date=September 22, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922023000/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/09/us-under-20-womens-youth-national-team-vs-netherlands-score-result-stats-match-recap-fifa-u20-world-cup-third-place-match|url-status=live}}</ref> She be awarded de Bronze Ball as de third-most outstanding player of de tournament.<ref name="awards24">{{cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/womens/u20womensworldcup/colombia-2024/articles/award-winners-golden-ball-boot|title=Choe Il-son leads FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup award winners|date=2024-09-22|publisher=[[FIFA]]|access-date=2024-10-15|archive-date=September 23, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923051634/https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/womens/u20womensworldcup/colombia-2024/articles/award-winners-golden-ball-boot|url-status=live}}</ref> Following ein senior debut later dat year, she be named U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of de Year for 2024.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/uswnt-ally-sentnor-utah-royals-nwsl-baaead600fdc4354933ebec5e8330b8b|title=US youth team standout Ally Sentnor named US Soccer Young Female Player of the Year|last=Peterson|first=Anne M.|date=2025-01-17|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=2025-01-18}}</ref> === Senior national team === Head coach [[Emma Hayes]] give Sentnor ein first senior national team call-up on November 18, 2024, ahead of international friendlies against England den de Netherlands.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.enterprisenews.com/story/sports/women/2024/11/18/ally-sentnor-called-up-to-uswnt-soccer/76406757007/|title=Local soccer star called up to U.S. Women's National Team|last=McHugh|first=Eric|date=2024-11-18|newspaper=[[The Enterprise (Brockton)|The Enterprise]]|access-date=2024-11-18}}</ref> She make ein senior debut against England at Wembley Stadium on November 30, coming on as an 88th-minute substitute for [[Lindsey Horan]] insyd de 0–0 draw.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5958233/2024/11/30/england-0-uswnt-0-takeaways/|title=England 0, USWNT 0 takeaways: New-look front three offer promise, if not goals|last1=Linehan|first1=Meg|last2=Yang|first2=Meg|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=2024-11-30|date=2024-11-30}}</ref> On February 20, 2025, she make ein first senior international start wey she score ein first goal give de team, striking from long range to go up 2–0 against Colombia insyd de 2025 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcsports.com/watch/ally-sentnor-scores-in-first-uswnt-start-doubles-lead-v-colombia|title=Sentnor scores in first USWNT start to double lead|date=2025-02-20|publisher=[[NBC Sports]]|access-date=2025-02-20|archive-date=June 10, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610110716/https://www.nbcsports.com/watch/ally-sentnor-scores-in-first-uswnt-start-doubles-lead-v-colombia|url-status=live}}</ref> De goal be nominated for de FIFA Marta Award.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/en/the-best-fifa-football-awards/2025/articles/marta-award-nominees-voting|title=Watch the FIFA Marta Award nominees and cast your vote|date=2025-11-13|publisher=[[FIFA]]|access-date=2025-11-13}}</ref> Plus two goals den an assist, she be de sixth player to record goal contributions insyd all three games at one SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/lists/ally-sentnor-lily-yohannes-state-their-case-catarina-macario-announcers-her-return-stock-up-stock-down-after-uswnt-fall-in-shebelieve-s-cup-final/blt78664489caaf46ff|title=Ally Sentnor, Lily Yohannes state their case, Catarina Macario announces her return|last=Tolmich|first=Ryan|date=2025-04-23|website=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|access-date=2025-04-23|archive-date=June 10, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610110716/https://www.goal.com/en-us/lists/ally-sentnor-lily-yohannes-state-their-case-catarina-macario-announcers-her-return-stock-up-stock-down-after-uswnt-fall-in-shebelieve-s-cup-final/blt78664489caaf46ff|url-status=live}}</ref> == Personal life == Sentnor be de oldest of three kiddies dem born to Richard den Lee Sentnor.<ref name="UNC">{{cite web |title=Ally Sentnor – Women's Soccer |url=https://goheels.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/ally-sentnor/24533 |access-date=2023-12-03 |publisher=[[North Carolina Tar Heels|University of North Carolina Athletics]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nesoccerjournal.com/ally-sentnor-thayer-academy-us-soccer/|title=Thayer Academy freshman Ally Sentnor carries sky-high potential|last=Sigal|first=Jonathan|date=2018-09-05|website=New England Soccer Journal|url-access=limited|access-date=2023-12-13}}</ref> She dey share ein hometown of Hanson, Massachusetts (population 10,000), plus United States internationals [[Sam Mewis|Sam]] den [[Kristie Mewis]], plus whom she train a few times growing up. ==Career statistics== === Club === {{updated|August 1, 2025}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances den goals by club, season den competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Playoffs ! colspan="2" |Oda ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |[[Utah Royals]] |[[2024 Utah Royals season|2024]] | rowspan="2" |[[National Women's Soccer League|NWSL]] |21 |3 | colspan="2" |— |2 |2 |23 |5 |- |[[2025 Utah Royals season|2025]] |13 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !34 !4 !0 !0 !2 !2 !33 !6 |- |[[Kansas City Current]] |[[2025 Kansas City Current season|2025]] |[[NWSL]] |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !31 !4 !0 !0 !2 !2 !33 !6 |} === International === {{updated|match played June 9, 2026}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- | rowspan=3|[[United States women's national soccer team|United States]] |[[2024 in American soccer#Women's|2024]]||2||0 |- |[[2025 in American soccer#Women's|2025]]|| 11 || 4 |- |[[2026 in American soccer#Women's|2026]]|| 10 || 3 |- !colspan=2| Total !! 23 !! 7 |} ===International goals=== :''Scores den results list United States ein goal tally first, score column dey indicate score after each Sentnor goal.'' {{football international goals keys}} {|class="wikitable collapsible sortable" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;" |- !<br/>Goals !Date !Location !Opponent !data-sort-type="number"|Lineup !data-sort-type="number"|Min !Assist/pass !data-sort-type="number"|Score !data-sort-type="number"|Result !Competition |- |align=center|1 |February 20, 2025<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Women’s National Team Opens 2025 SheBelieves Cup, Presented by Visa, With 2-0 Win Over Colombia as Catarina Macario and Ally Sentnor Score |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/02/us-womens-national-team-vs-colombia-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap-shebelieves-cup |website=U.S. Soccer |date=February 21, 2025 |access-date=February 22, 2025}}</ref> |{{hs|USA}}[[Houston, Texas]] |{{fbw|COL}} |{{subout|77|Jaedyn|Shaw}} | 60' | [[Tara McKeown]] |{{center|{{sortfbs|2|0|||}}}} |{{center|{{sortfbs|2|0|||}}}} |{{fb bg invitational tournament}} rowspan=2|[[2025 SheBelieves Cup]] |- |align=center|2 |February 26, 2025<ref>{{cite web |title=Japan Claims Title in 2025 SheBelieves Cup, Presented By Visa, After 2-1 Victory Over U.S. Women's National Team |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/02/us-womens-national-team-vs-japan-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap-shebelieves-cup |website=U.S. Soccer |date=February 26, 2025 |access-date=February 27, 2025 |archive-date=February 27, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250227095733/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/02/us-womens-national-team-vs-japan-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap-shebelieves-cup |url-status=live }}</ref> |{{hs|USA}} [[San Diego|San Diego, California]] |{{fbw|JPN}} |{{subout|46|Jaedyn|Shaw}} | 14' | [[Catarina Macario]] |{{center|{{sortfbs|1|1|||}}}} |{{center|{{sortfbs|1|2|||}}}} |- | align="center" |3 | rowspan="2" |June 3, 2025<ref>{{cite web |title=Forwards Ally Sentnor and Lynn Biyendolo Bag Braces as USWNT Downs Jamaica, 4-0, in St. Louis |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/06/uswnt-ally-sentnor-lynn-biyendolo-brace-jamaica |website=U.S. Soccer |date=June 4, 2025 |access-date=February 10, 2026}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |[[St. Louis|St. Louis, Missouri]] | rowspan="2" |{{fbw|JAM}} | rowspan="2" |{{subout|67|Olivia|Moultrie}} | 19' | [[Emily Fox]] | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" align="center"|4–0 | rowspan="4" |International Friendly |- | align="center" |4 | 28' | Deflection | align="center" |2–0 |- | align="center" |5 | rowspan="2" | January 24, 2026<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Women’s National Team Kicks Off 2026 With 6-0 Rout Of Paraguay |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/01/uswnt-match-recap-vs-paraguay-trinity-rodman-reilyn-turner-ally-sentnor |website= U.S. Soccer |date=January 24, 2026 |access-date=February 10, 2026}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |[[Carson, California]] | rowspan="2" |{{fbw|PAR}} | rowspan="2" | Starting | 47' | [[Izzy Rodriguez]] | align="center"| 2–0 | rowspan="2" align="center"|6–0 |- | align="center" |6 | 57' | [[Gisele Thompson]] | align="center" |5–0 |- |align=center|7 |March 4, 2026<ref>{{cite web |title=Ally Sentnor Goal Leads U.S. Women's National Team to 1-0 Victory Over Canada on Second Match Day of 2026 SheBelieves Cup |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/03/uswnt/ally-sentnor-goal-leads-us-womens-national-team-to-1-0-victory-over-canada-on-second-match-day-of-2026-shebelieves-cup |website=U.S. Soccer |date=March 5, 2026 |access-date=March 5, 2026}}</ref> |{{hs|USA}}[[Columbus, Ohio]] |{{fbw|CAN}} |Starting | 55' | [[Rose Lavelle]] |{{center|{{sortfbs|1|0|||}}}} |{{center|{{sortfbs|1|0|||}}}} |{{fb bg invitational tournament}} rowspan=2|[[2026 SheBelieves Cup]] |} == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} *{{Soccerway}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sentnor, Ally}} [[Category:Human]] [[Category:2004 births]] [[Category:People wey komot Hanson, Massachusetts]] [[Category:Soccer players wey komot Massachusetts]] [[Category:American women's soccer players]] [[Category:Women's association football forwards]] [[Category:Women's association football midfielders]] [[Category:United States women's youth international soccer players]] [[Category:United States women's under-20 international soccer players]] [[Category:North Carolina Tar Heels women's soccer players]] [[Category:First overall NWSL draft picks]] [[Category:Utah Royals FC draft picks]] [[Category:Utah Royals players]] [[Category:National Women's Soccer League players]] [[Category:Kansas City Current players]] [[Category:21st-century American sportswomen]] [[Category:United States women's international soccer players]] [[Category:Angel City FC players]] ocsu6v50ry5hosegbyfgl13os4p00pm 110179 110177 2026-08-18T16:58:59Z DaSupremo 9 /* Honors den awards */ Improve article 110179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Allyson Marie Sentnor''' (born February 18, 2004) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a midfielder anaa forward give Angel City FC of de National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) den de United States national team. Sentnor play two seasons of college soccer give de North Carolina Tar Heels before she be picked first overall by de Utah Royals insyd de 2024 NWSL Draft. Insyd 2025, she be traded to de Kansas City Current insyd a then record intraleague transfer. Sentnor play give de youth national team at every age level, wey dey captain de under-20 team to bronze at de 2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. After she make ein senior debut de same year, she be named de U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of de Year. == Early life == Dem raise am insyd Hanson, Massachusetts, Sentnor begin dey play soccer at age four wey na she be coached by ein poppie on ein first team.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wcvb.com/article/meet-the-mass-woman-who-s-a-top-prospect-in-a-new-soccer-league/46355633|title=Mass. soccer star is top draft pick in women's soccer league|last=Funayama|first=Naoko|date=2024-01-12|publisher=[[WCVB-TV]]|access-date=2024-01-13}}</ref> She score so often as a kiddie say he go put am insyd goal anaa let am score only plus ein non-dominant left foot, wich help am develop equal comfort off both sides.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.allforxi.com/2024/4/5/24116144/ally-sentnor-wants-to-make-impactful-plays-whenever-she-can-for-the-utah-royals|title=Ally Sentnor wants to make impactful plays whenever she can for the Utah Royals|first=Kudzi|last=Musarurwa|date=2024-04-05|website=All for XI|publisher=[[SB Nation]]|access-date=2024-04-24|archive-date=April 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424193408/https://www.allforxi.com/2024/4/5/24116144/ally-sentnor-wants-to-make-impactful-plays-whenever-she-can-for-the-utah-royals|url-status=live}}</ref> She join Hingham club South Shore Select at age six wey she later train sam times plus de Boston Bolts boys' team.<ref name="USS2023">{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/05/ally-sentnors-first-concacaf|title=Ally Sentnor's First CONCACAF|date=2023-05-22|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> She sanso play de indoor soccer variant of futsal, wich help develop ein touch insyd limited space.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2023/10/sports-womens-soccer-nc-state-side-sept-2023-anson-dorrance-ally-sentnor|title=Top-scorer Ally Sentnor leads UNC women's soccer to 4–0 win at N.C. State|last=Monroe|first=Noah|date=2023-10-02|newspaper=[[The Daily Tar Heel]]|access-date=2023-12-13}}</ref> She attend Thayer Academy, joining de varsity soccer team insyd eighth grade, wey she reclassify to graduate one year early.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nesoccerjournal.com/ally-sentnor-accelerates-graduation-timeline-joins-uncs-class-of-2021/|title=Ally Sentnor accelerates graduation timeline, joins UNC's Class of 2021|url-access=limited|last=Sigal|first=Jonathan|date=2020-11-18|website=New England Soccer Journal|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> Insyd 2019, [[Megan Rapinoe]] present 15-year-old Sentnor plus de ''Sports Illustrated'' SportsKid of de Year award. == College career == [[File:UNC_vs_VT_(Sep_2023)_054_(Sentnor).jpg|right|thumb|Sentnor dey play give North Carolina insyd 2023]] Sentnor tear ein anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) minutes into ein first preseason game give de North Carolina Tar Heels as a freshman insyd 2021.<ref name="UNC2022">{{cite news|url=https://mediahub.unc.edu/a-victory-off-the-field-unc-womens-soccer-stars-campaign-for-recovery/|title=A victory off the field: UNC women's soccer star's campaign for recovery|last=Ferris|first=Sammy|date=2022-04-11|publisher=UNC Media Hub|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://chapelboro.com/sports/a-long-trek-back-ally-sentnors-return-giving-unc-womens-soccer-a-boost|title='A Long Trek Back': UNC's Ally Sentnor Returns to the Pitch After ACL Injury|last=Koh|first=Michael|date=2022-09-19|website=[[Chapelboro.com]]|access-date=2023-12-13}}</ref> She make ein return to de college field insyd 2022, scoring insyd ein regular-season debut against Wilmington.<ref name="DTH2022">{{cite news|url=https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2022/08/unc-womens-soccer-ally-sentnor-return-acl-uncw-anson-dorrance-world-cup-u20|title=Ally Sentnor makes her 'poetic return' to UNC women's soccer in victory over UNCW|last=Ware|first=Lindsey|newspaper=[[The Daily Tar Heel]]|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> She fini ein redshirt freshman season ranked second on de team plus 10 goals wey she add 2 assists insyd 25 games as North Carolina win de Atlantic Coast Conference regular-season title.<ref name="UNC">{{cite web |title=Ally Sentnor – Women's Soccer |url=https://goheels.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/ally-sentnor/24533 |access-date=2023-12-03 |publisher=[[North Carolina Tar Heels|University of North Carolina Athletics]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2022/10/unc-womens-soccer-acc-regular-season-champions-louisville-cardinals-acc-tournament|title=UNC women's soccer clinches ACC regular season title with 2-0 victory over Louisville|last=Wills|first=Caroline|date=2022-10-27|newspaper=[[The Daily Tar Heel]]|access-date=2024-09-06|archive-date=September 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906203629/https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2022/10/unc-womens-soccer-acc-regular-season-champions-louisville-cardinals-acc-tournament|url-status=live}}</ref> Five of ein goals cam during de NCAA tournament as North Carolina reach de national title game, wer dem loose to UCLA 3–2 insyd overtime. She be named to de All-ACC first team den NCAA all-tournament team.<ref name="UNC" /> Sentnor score a team-high 11 goals plus 7 assists insyd 23 games as a redshirt sophomore insyd 2023.<ref name="UNC">{{cite web |title=Ally Sentnor – Women's Soccer |url=https://goheels.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/ally-sentnor/24533 |access-date=2023-12-03 |publisher=[[North Carolina Tar Heels|University of North Carolina Athletics]]}}</ref> She record goal contributions insyd each of ein last seven games give de Heels, wey dey include four goals den three assists insyd four games of de NCAA tournament, wey ma she be involved insyd all three goals insyd dema 4–3 quarterfinal loss to BYU.<ref name="UNC" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2024/01/sports-womens-soccer-breaking-ally-sentnor-pro-career-jan-2024|title=UNC women's soccer midfielder Ally Sentnor to pursue professional career|date=2024-01-06|last=Wei|first=Daniel|newspaper=[[The Daily Tar Heel]]|access-date=2024-01-13|archive-date=January 13, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113144239/https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2024/01/sports-womens-soccer-breaking-ally-sentnor-pro-career-jan-2024|url-status=live}}</ref> She be named de ACC Midfielder of de Year, first-team All-ACC, den third-team United Soccer Coaches All-American.<ref name="UNC23">{{cite news|url=https://goheels.com/news/2023/12/1/womens-soccer-patterson-sentnor-nab-united-soccer-coaches-all-america-honors|title=Patterson, Sentnor Nab United Soccer Coaches All-America Honors|date=2023-12-01|publisher=[[North Carolina Tar Heels|University of North Carolina Athletics]]|access-date=2023-12-13}}</ref> She choose to turn professional after de season buh she continue dey study online to complete ein degree insyd 2024.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.unc.edu/posts/2024/03/13/gdtbath-ally-sentnor/|title=#GDTBATH: Ally Sentnor|last=Quinn|first=Ethan|date=2024-03-13|publisher=[[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina]]|access-date=2024-09-06}}</ref> == Club career == === Utah Royals === Sentnor be selected first overall insyd de 2024 NWSL Draft by de Utah Royals, wey na dem dey return to de NWSL after a four-year absence; she den North Carolina teammate [[Savy King]] be de top two picks.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/39296317/utah-royals-fc-pick-unc-midfielder-ally-sentnor-first-overall-nwsl-draft|title=Utah Royals FC pick UNC's Ally Sentnor first overall in NWSL draft|date=2024-01-12|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=2024-01-13}}</ref> She be signed to a three-year contract.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former UNC Standout Signs With Utah Royals FC |url=https://www.rsl.com/utahroyals/news/former-unc-standout-signs-with-utah-royals-fc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220053242/https://www.rsl.com/utahroyals/news/former-unc-standout-signs-with-utah-royals-fc |archive-date=February 20, 2024 |access-date=2024-02-20 |publisher=[[Utah Royals]]}}</ref> She make ein professional debut insyd de first game of de season, starting insyd a 2–0 defeat to de Chicago Red Stars on March 16.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wcvb.com/article/massachusetts-native-ally-sentnor-pro-soccer-debut/60259217|title=Massachusetts native reflects on her professional soccer debut|last=Funayama|first=Naoko|date=2024-03-20|publisher=[[WCVB-TV]]|access-date=2024-04-24|archive-date=April 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424192851/https://www.wcvb.com/article/massachusetts-native-ally-sentnor-pro-soccer-debut/60259217|url-status=live}}</ref> De following week, she score ein first professional goal against de North Carolina Courage, shooting from de corner of de penalty box off a long dribble, as de Royals win 2–1 at home.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/nwsl-score-angel-city-pride-royals-courage-8b6705dbb14bca433f1b971cd67e48a9|title=Expansion Utah wins first NWSL match 2–1 over North Carolina. Angel City and Orlando play to 1–1 tie|date=2024-03-23|last=Rantz|first=Susie|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=2024-04-24|archive-date=April 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424192851/https://apnews.com/article/nwsl-score-angel-city-pride-royals-courage-8b6705dbb14bca433f1b971cd67e48a9|url-status=live}}</ref> She be deployed as a winger at de start of de season, scoring anaa assisting on five of Utah ein first seven goals, before she move to a more playmaking role as an attacking midfielder at de end of June.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.allforxi.com/2024/8/23/24221887/ally-sentnor-wants-to-keep-having-fun-when-she-plays|title=Ally Sentnor wants to keep having fun when she plays|last=Musururwa|first=Kudzi|date=2024-08-23|website=All for XI|publisher=[[SB Nation]]|access-date=2024-09-06|archive-date=September 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906203623/https://www.allforxi.com/2024/8/23/24221887/ally-sentnor-wants-to-keep-having-fun-when-she-plays|url-status=live}}</ref> Sentnor win both NWSL Rookie of de Month den Player of de Month insyd July after she register three goals den an assist insyd four games den dey lead de bottom-of-the-league Royals to top dema group insyd de NWSL x Liga MX Femenil Summer Cup.<ref name="NWSL-07">{{cite news|url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/utah-royals-forward-ally-sentnor-named-july-player-of-the-month-presented-by-ea-sports-and-july-rookie-of-the-month-presented-by-ally|title=Utah Royals Forward Ally Sentnor Named July Player of the Month, Presented by EA SPORTS and July Rookie of the Month, Presented by Ally|date=2024-08-08|publisher=[[National Women's Soccer League]]|access-date=2024-08-08|archive-date=August 9, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809162927/https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-july-best-xi-of-the-month-presented-by-amazon-prime|url-status=live}}</ref> She fini ein rookie season plus 5 goals den 5 assists insyd 23 games insyd all competitions.<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway}}</ref> She be named ein club ein Offensive Player of de Year wey na she be one of three nominees for NWSL Rookie of de Year, wey she loose to [[Croix Bethune]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rsl.com/utahroyals/news/utah-royals-fc-announce-end-of-season-awards|title=Utah Royals FC Announce End of Season Awards|date=2024-11-06|publisher=[[Utah Royals]]|access-date=2024-11-17|archive-date=November 13, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241113054428/https://www.rsl.com/utahroyals/news/utah-royals-fc-announce-end-of-season-awards|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2024/11/19/croix-bethune-nwsl-rookie-year-spirit/|title=Spirit midfielder Croix Bethune claims NWSL rookie of the year honors|date=2024-11-19|last=Floyd|first=Thomas|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=2025-03-13}}</ref> On April 18, 2025, Sentnor score de second-latest game-winning goal insyd NWSL history, plus ein 90+10th-minute penalty kick securing a 1–0 win against de Chicago Stars.<ref>{{cite web |author=OptaJack |author-link=Opta Sports |date=2025-04-19 |title=99:42 – Ally Sentnor's match-winning penalty for @utahroyalsfc.com ... |url=https://bsky.app/profile/optajack.optajoe.com/post/3ln6jhhbbzk23 |access-date=2025-04-23 |publisher=[[Bluesky]]}}</ref> Na e be ein only NWSL goal of de season den Utah ein only win before de summer break.<ref name="FB25">{{cite web |title=Ally Sentnor 2025 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/e91c05ee/matchlogs/2025/Ally-Sentnor-Match-Logs |access-date=2025-11-13 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> === Kansas City Current === On August 1, 2025, de Royals trade Sentnor to de Kansas City Current in exchange for a total fee of $600,000 insyd intraleague transfer funds to be paid across three seasons.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2025 |title=Kansas City Current Acquires 2024 U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of the Year Ally Sentnor |url=https://www.kansascitycurrent.com/news/kansas-city-current-acquires-2024-u-s-soccer-young-female-pl |access-date=August 1, 2025 |website=[[Kansas City Current]]}}</ref> Na e be de most expensive intraleague transfer at de time.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/45881159/uswnt-ally-sentnor-joins-kc-current-record-deal-sources|title=USWNT's Ally Sentnor joins KC Current from in record deal|publisher=[[ESPN]]|last=Kassouf|first=Jeff|date=2025-08-01|access-date=2025-11-13}}</ref> De move sanso unite Sentnor plus ein close paddie [[Claire Hutton]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6725160/2025/10/19/hutton-sentnor-friendship-kc-current-uswnt/|title=USWNT's Claire Hutton and Ally Sentnor: Kindred spirits carrying the torch for a new generation|last=Pelit|first=Asli|date=2025-10-19|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=2025-11-13}}</ref> She make ein Current debut insyd an immediate return to America First Field, replacing [[Debinha]] at halftime insyd a 1–0 victory over de Royals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USWNT Rewind: Sam Coffey Finds the Net, Ally Sentnor Debuts for Kansas City Current |url=https://ussoccer.com/stories/2025/08/uswnt-sam-coffey-portland-thorns-ally-sentnor-debuts-kansas-city-current-nwsl |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=[[US Soccer]] |language=en}}</ref> She play insyd 11 regular-season games as de Current clinch de NWSL Shield plus de best record insyd de league.<ref>{{cite web |title=2025 Kansas City Current Stats |url=https://fbref.com/en/squads/6f666306/Kansas-City-Current-Stats |access-date=2025-11-13 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> She make ein playoff debut insyd de quarterfinals as de Current be upset 2–1 by eventual champions Gotham FC insyd extra time.<ref name="FB25">{{cite web |title=Ally Sentnor 2025 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/e91c05ee/matchlogs/2025/Ally-Sentnor-Match-Logs |access-date=2025-11-13 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> Sentnor score ein first goal give de Current insyd a season-opening 2–1 win over former club Utah Royals on March 14, 2026.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kansascity.com/sports/soccer/kc-current/article315046423.html|title=Beating Utah in sunny season opener, KC Current wins 1st game under new head coach|date=2026-03-14|last=Sperry|first=Daniel|newspaper=[[The Kansas City Star]]|access-date=2026-03-15}}</ref> === Angel City === On June 19, 2026, de Current trade Sentnor to Angel City FC for $850,000 insyd intraleague transfer funds.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://angelcity.com/acfc-post/acfc-signs-uswnt-midfielder-ally-sentnor-trade-with-kansas-city-current|title=Angel City FC Signs US Women's National Team Midfielder Ally Sentnor Through Trade With Kansas City Current|date=2026-06-19|publisher=[[Angel City FC]]|access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref> Sentnor debut give Angel City on July 3, 2026, earning de start insyd a 2–0 win over de Orlando Pride.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lodha |first1=Karan |date=3 July 2026 |title=Angel City FC Defeats Orlando Pride in First Contest After Break |url=https://angelcity.com/acfc-post/acfc-defeats-orlando-pride-in-first-contest-after-break |access-date=5 July 2026 |publisher=[[Angel City FC]]}}</ref> == International career == [[File:Ally_Sentnor_USWNT_v_Colombia_Mar_7_2026-192.jpg|thumb|Sentnor plus de USWNT insyd 2026]] === Youth national team === Sentnor be selected to de train plus de United States under-14 team at de age of 12 insyd June 2016, de youngest player dem call into de camp.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://selectma.com/ally-sentnor-selected-to-attend-the-us-u14-girls-national-training-camp-in-colorado/|title=Ally Sentnor selected to attend the US U14 Girls' National Training Camp in Colorado|publisher=South Shore Select|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> At age 13, she score five goals insyd two friendlies give de under-15s insyd Germany insyd November 2017.<ref name="USS2023">{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/05/ally-sentnors-first-concacaf|title=Ally Sentnor's First CONCACAF|date=2023-05-22|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.soccertoday.com/u-s-u15-girls-national-team-win-twice-in-germany/|title=U.S. U15 Girls National Team Win Twice in Germany|last=Scavuzzo|first=Diane|date=2017-11-04|website=SoccerToday|access-date=2023-12-12|archive-date=June 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629002051/https://www.soccertoday.com/u-s-u15-girls-national-team-win-twice-in-germany/|url-status=dead}}</ref> She sanso play give de under-16s dat year wey na she dey under consideration give de roster for de 2018 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup, buh ultimately dem no select am to join players three years above ein age group.<ref name="USS2023" /> She be de most valuable player of de invitational Weifang Cup at de under-15 level insyd China insyd 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.soccerwire.com/news/u-s-u-15-girls-national-team-completes-sweep-at-cfa-tournament-in-china/|title=U.S. U-15 GNT earns three-game sweep at CFA Tournament in China|date=2018-08-31|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2023-12-13|via=SoccerWire}}</ref> She be de under-17 team ein leading goalscorer insyd 2019, sanso scoring two goals insyd two games for de under-18s against England at de start of de year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/11/2018-us-soccer-young-male-young-female-and-player-of-the-year-with-a-disability-award-nominees-annou|title=2018 U.S. Soccer Young Male, Young Female and Player of the Year with a Disability Award Nominees Announced|date=2018-09-28|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2025-03-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2019/02/us-u18-wnt-draws-22-with-england-in-first-of-two-matches-to-start-new-cycle|title=U.S. U-18 WNT Draws 2–2 with England in First of Two Matches to Start New Cycle|date=2019-02-23|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> Insyd 2020, secof de COVID-19 pandemic, na dem cancel ein age group ein CONCACAF Women's U-17 Championship den FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup.<ref name="USS2023" /> Following ein ACL recovery, Sentnor make ein under-20 debut at de 2022 Sud Ladies Cup, wich de United States win.<ref name="USS2023">{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/05/ally-sentnors-first-concacaf|title=Ally Sentnor's First CONCACAF|date=2023-05-22|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> She be one of de younger players dem select to de roster at de 2022 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. She appear insyd all three group stage games wey she score insyd dema opening 3–0 win against Ghana.<ref name="USS2023" /> De next year, she co-captain de under-20s plus [[Elise Evans]] at de 2023 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship. She score four goals during de tournament, helping de United States fini runners-up to Mexico wey dem qualify for de 2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.<ref name="USS2023" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/06/2023-concacaf-womens-u-20-championship-usa-1-mexico-2-match-report-stats-standings|title=U.S. U-20 Women's Youth National Team Falls to Mexico 2–1 in Hard-Fought CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship Final|date=2023-06-04|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> Wearing de captain's armband, Sentnor lead de United States to third place at de 2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, de country ein best result since 2012, scoring three goals insyd seven games.<ref name="US24T" /> Insyd de first knockout round, she score de second goal insyd a 3–2 overtime win against Mexico.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/09/us-under-20-womens-youth-national-team-vs-mexico-score-result-stats-match-recap|title=USA Advances to Quarterfinals of 2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Colombia with Dramatic 3-2 Overtime Win Over Mexico as Forward Jordynn Dudley Scores Game-Winner in 97th Minute|date=2024-09-12|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2024-09-16}}</ref> Insyd de quarterfinals, trailing Germany 2–0, de United States cam back insyd de last moments of regulation plus a goal from [[Jordynn Dudley]] den an own goal forced by Sentnor insyd de 90+8th den 90+9th minutes; insyd a penalty shootout, Sentnor convert ein opening kick as de United States advance.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.allforxi.com/2024/9/16/24246716/extra-extra-the-kids-are-alright-a-fifa-u-20-womens-world-cup-recap|title=Extra! Extra! The Kids are Alright: A FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup Recap|last=Sylvs|first=Southern|date=2024-09-16|website=All for XI|publisher=[[SB Nation]]|access-date=2024-09-18|archive-date=September 19, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919014539/https://www.allforxi.com/2024/9/16/24246716/extra-extra-the-kids-are-alright-a-fifa-u-20-womens-world-cup-recap|url-status=live}}</ref> After falling to eventual champions North Korea insyd de semifinals, Sentnor open scoring insyd de third-place match, a 2–1 victory over de Netherlands.<ref name="US24T">{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/09/us-under-20-womens-youth-national-team-vs-netherlands-score-result-stats-match-recap-fifa-u20-world-cup-third-place-match|title=USA Scores Dramatic 119th-Minute Game-Winner To Defeat The Netherlands 2-1 And Finish Third At 2024 FIFA Under-20 Women's World Cup|date=2024-09-22|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2024-09-21|archive-date=September 22, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922023000/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/09/us-under-20-womens-youth-national-team-vs-netherlands-score-result-stats-match-recap-fifa-u20-world-cup-third-place-match|url-status=live}}</ref> She be awarded de Bronze Ball as de third-most outstanding player of de tournament.<ref name="awards24">{{cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/womens/u20womensworldcup/colombia-2024/articles/award-winners-golden-ball-boot|title=Choe Il-son leads FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup award winners|date=2024-09-22|publisher=[[FIFA]]|access-date=2024-10-15|archive-date=September 23, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923051634/https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/womens/u20womensworldcup/colombia-2024/articles/award-winners-golden-ball-boot|url-status=live}}</ref> Following ein senior debut later dat year, she be named U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of de Year for 2024.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/uswnt-ally-sentnor-utah-royals-nwsl-baaead600fdc4354933ebec5e8330b8b|title=US youth team standout Ally Sentnor named US Soccer Young Female Player of the Year|last=Peterson|first=Anne M.|date=2025-01-17|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=2025-01-18}}</ref> === Senior national team === Head coach [[Emma Hayes]] give Sentnor ein first senior national team call-up on November 18, 2024, ahead of international friendlies against England den de Netherlands.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.enterprisenews.com/story/sports/women/2024/11/18/ally-sentnor-called-up-to-uswnt-soccer/76406757007/|title=Local soccer star called up to U.S. Women's National Team|last=McHugh|first=Eric|date=2024-11-18|newspaper=[[The Enterprise (Brockton)|The Enterprise]]|access-date=2024-11-18}}</ref> She make ein senior debut against England at Wembley Stadium on November 30, coming on as an 88th-minute substitute for [[Lindsey Horan]] insyd de 0–0 draw.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5958233/2024/11/30/england-0-uswnt-0-takeaways/|title=England 0, USWNT 0 takeaways: New-look front three offer promise, if not goals|last1=Linehan|first1=Meg|last2=Yang|first2=Meg|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=2024-11-30|date=2024-11-30}}</ref> On February 20, 2025, she make ein first senior international start wey she score ein first goal give de team, striking from long range to go up 2–0 against Colombia insyd de 2025 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcsports.com/watch/ally-sentnor-scores-in-first-uswnt-start-doubles-lead-v-colombia|title=Sentnor scores in first USWNT start to double lead|date=2025-02-20|publisher=[[NBC Sports]]|access-date=2025-02-20|archive-date=June 10, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610110716/https://www.nbcsports.com/watch/ally-sentnor-scores-in-first-uswnt-start-doubles-lead-v-colombia|url-status=live}}</ref> De goal be nominated for de FIFA Marta Award.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/en/the-best-fifa-football-awards/2025/articles/marta-award-nominees-voting|title=Watch the FIFA Marta Award nominees and cast your vote|date=2025-11-13|publisher=[[FIFA]]|access-date=2025-11-13}}</ref> Plus two goals den an assist, she be de sixth player to record goal contributions insyd all three games at one SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/lists/ally-sentnor-lily-yohannes-state-their-case-catarina-macario-announcers-her-return-stock-up-stock-down-after-uswnt-fall-in-shebelieve-s-cup-final/blt78664489caaf46ff|title=Ally Sentnor, Lily Yohannes state their case, Catarina Macario announces her return|last=Tolmich|first=Ryan|date=2025-04-23|website=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|access-date=2025-04-23|archive-date=June 10, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610110716/https://www.goal.com/en-us/lists/ally-sentnor-lily-yohannes-state-their-case-catarina-macario-announcers-her-return-stock-up-stock-down-after-uswnt-fall-in-shebelieve-s-cup-final/blt78664489caaf46ff|url-status=live}}</ref> == Personal life == Sentnor be de oldest of three kiddies dem born to Richard den Lee Sentnor.<ref name="UNC">{{cite web |title=Ally Sentnor – Women's Soccer |url=https://goheels.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/ally-sentnor/24533 |access-date=2023-12-03 |publisher=[[North Carolina Tar Heels|University of North Carolina Athletics]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nesoccerjournal.com/ally-sentnor-thayer-academy-us-soccer/|title=Thayer Academy freshman Ally Sentnor carries sky-high potential|last=Sigal|first=Jonathan|date=2018-09-05|website=New England Soccer Journal|url-access=limited|access-date=2023-12-13}}</ref> She dey share ein hometown of Hanson, Massachusetts (population 10,000), plus United States internationals [[Sam Mewis|Sam]] den [[Kristie Mewis]], plus whom she train a few times growing up. ==Career statistics== === Club === {{updated|August 1, 2025}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances den goals by club, season den competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Playoffs ! colspan="2" |Oda ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |[[Utah Royals]] |[[2024 Utah Royals season|2024]] | rowspan="2" |[[National Women's Soccer League|NWSL]] |21 |3 | colspan="2" |— |2 |2 |23 |5 |- |[[2025 Utah Royals season|2025]] |13 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !34 !4 !0 !0 !2 !2 !33 !6 |- |[[Kansas City Current]] |[[2025 Kansas City Current season|2025]] |[[NWSL]] |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !31 !4 !0 !0 !2 !2 !33 !6 |} === International === {{updated|match played June 9, 2026}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- | rowspan=3|[[United States women's national soccer team|United States]] |[[2024 in American soccer#Women's|2024]]||2||0 |- |[[2025 in American soccer#Women's|2025]]|| 11 || 4 |- |[[2026 in American soccer#Women's|2026]]|| 10 || 3 |- !colspan=2| Total !! 23 !! 7 |} ===International goals=== :''Scores den results list United States ein goal tally first, score column dey indicate score after each Sentnor goal.'' {{football international goals keys}} {|class="wikitable collapsible sortable" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;" |- !<br/>Goals !Date !Location !Opponent !data-sort-type="number"|Lineup !data-sort-type="number"|Min !Assist/pass !data-sort-type="number"|Score !data-sort-type="number"|Result !Competition |- |align=center|1 |February 20, 2025<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Women’s National Team Opens 2025 SheBelieves Cup, Presented by Visa, With 2-0 Win Over Colombia as Catarina Macario and Ally Sentnor Score |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/02/us-womens-national-team-vs-colombia-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap-shebelieves-cup |website=U.S. Soccer |date=February 21, 2025 |access-date=February 22, 2025}}</ref> |{{hs|USA}}[[Houston, Texas]] |{{fbw|COL}} |{{subout|77|Jaedyn|Shaw}} | 60' | [[Tara McKeown]] |{{center|{{sortfbs|2|0|||}}}} |{{center|{{sortfbs|2|0|||}}}} |{{fb bg invitational tournament}} rowspan=2|[[2025 SheBelieves Cup]] |- |align=center|2 |February 26, 2025<ref>{{cite web |title=Japan Claims Title in 2025 SheBelieves Cup, Presented By Visa, After 2-1 Victory Over U.S. Women's National Team |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/02/us-womens-national-team-vs-japan-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap-shebelieves-cup |website=U.S. Soccer |date=February 26, 2025 |access-date=February 27, 2025 |archive-date=February 27, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250227095733/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/02/us-womens-national-team-vs-japan-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap-shebelieves-cup |url-status=live }}</ref> |{{hs|USA}} [[San Diego|San Diego, California]] |{{fbw|JPN}} |{{subout|46|Jaedyn|Shaw}} | 14' | [[Catarina Macario]] |{{center|{{sortfbs|1|1|||}}}} |{{center|{{sortfbs|1|2|||}}}} |- | align="center" |3 | rowspan="2" |June 3, 2025<ref>{{cite web |title=Forwards Ally Sentnor and Lynn Biyendolo Bag Braces as USWNT Downs Jamaica, 4-0, in St. Louis |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/06/uswnt-ally-sentnor-lynn-biyendolo-brace-jamaica |website=U.S. Soccer |date=June 4, 2025 |access-date=February 10, 2026}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |[[St. Louis|St. Louis, Missouri]] | rowspan="2" |{{fbw|JAM}} | rowspan="2" |{{subout|67|Olivia|Moultrie}} | 19' | [[Emily Fox]] | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" align="center"|4–0 | rowspan="4" |International Friendly |- | align="center" |4 | 28' | Deflection | align="center" |2–0 |- | align="center" |5 | rowspan="2" | January 24, 2026<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Women’s National Team Kicks Off 2026 With 6-0 Rout Of Paraguay |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/01/uswnt-match-recap-vs-paraguay-trinity-rodman-reilyn-turner-ally-sentnor |website= U.S. Soccer |date=January 24, 2026 |access-date=February 10, 2026}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |[[Carson, California]] | rowspan="2" |{{fbw|PAR}} | rowspan="2" | Starting | 47' | [[Izzy Rodriguez]] | align="center"| 2–0 | rowspan="2" align="center"|6–0 |- | align="center" |6 | 57' | [[Gisele Thompson]] | align="center" |5–0 |- |align=center|7 |March 4, 2026<ref>{{cite web |title=Ally Sentnor Goal Leads U.S. Women's National Team to 1-0 Victory Over Canada on Second Match Day of 2026 SheBelieves Cup |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/03/uswnt/ally-sentnor-goal-leads-us-womens-national-team-to-1-0-victory-over-canada-on-second-match-day-of-2026-shebelieves-cup |website=U.S. Soccer |date=March 5, 2026 |access-date=March 5, 2026}}</ref> |{{hs|USA}}[[Columbus, Ohio]] |{{fbw|CAN}} |Starting | 55' | [[Rose Lavelle]] |{{center|{{sortfbs|1|0|||}}}} |{{center|{{sortfbs|1|0|||}}}} |{{fb bg invitational tournament}} rowspan=2|[[2026 SheBelieves Cup]] |} ==Honors den awards== '''North Carolina Tar Heels''' *[[Atlantic Coast Conference]]: [[2022 Atlantic Coast Conference women's soccer season|2022]] '''Kansas City Current''' *[[NWSL Shield]]: [[2025 National Women's Soccer League season|2025]]<ref name="Sh25">{{cite web|url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/kansas-city-claims-2025-nwsl-shield|title=Kansas City Current Claims 2025 NWSL Shield, Presented By CarMax|date=2025-09-20|publisher=[[National Women's Soccer League]]|access-date=2025-09-20}}</ref> '''United States U-20''' *[[FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup]] bronze medal: [[2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup|2024]] *[[Sud Ladies Cup]]: [[2022 Sud Ladies Cup|2022]] '''United States''' * [[SheBelieves Cup]]: [[2026 SheBelieves Cup|2026]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=2026 Shebelieves Cup USWNT vs Columbia result |url= https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/03/uswnt/us-womens-national-team-defeat-colombia-1-0-on-late-goal-from-alyssa-thompson-to-win-its-eighth-shebelieves-cup |access-date=March 7, 2026 |work=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> '''Individual''' *[[U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of the Year]]: 2024<ref name=":0" /> *[[FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup]] Bronze Ball: [[2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup|2024]]<ref name="awards24"/> *[[NWSL Rookie of the Month]]: July 2024<ref name="NWSL-07"/> *[[NWSL Player of the Month]]: July 2024<ref name="NWSL-07"/> *[[NWSL Team of the Month]]: July 2024<ref>{{Cite web |last=NWSL |date=2024-08-09 |title=NWSL Announces July Best XI of the Month, Presented by Amazon Prime |publisher=[[National Women's Soccer League]] |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-july-best-xi-of-the-month-presented-by-amazon-prime |access-date=2024-09-06 |language=en |archive-date=August 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808184217/https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/utah-royals-forward-ally-sentnor-named-july-player-of-the-month-presented-by-ea-sports-and-july-rookie-of-the-month-presented-by-ally |url-status=live }}</ref> *First-team All-[[Atlantic Coast Conference|ACC]]: 2022, 2023 *Third-team All-American: 2023 *[[ACC Women's Soccer Midfielder of the Year|ACC Midfielder of the Year]]: 2023 *[[NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament|NCAA tournament]] all-tournament team: [[2022 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament|2022]] *[[SportsKid of the Year|''Sports Illustrated'' SportsKid of the Year]]: 2019 == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} *{{Soccerway}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sentnor, Ally}} [[Category:Human]] [[Category:2004 births]] [[Category:People wey komot Hanson, Massachusetts]] [[Category:Soccer players wey komot Massachusetts]] [[Category:American women's soccer players]] [[Category:Women's association football forwards]] [[Category:Women's association football midfielders]] [[Category:United States women's youth international soccer players]] [[Category:United States women's under-20 international soccer players]] [[Category:North Carolina Tar Heels women's soccer players]] [[Category:First overall NWSL draft picks]] [[Category:Utah Royals FC draft picks]] [[Category:Utah Royals players]] [[Category:National Women's Soccer League players]] [[Category:Kansas City Current players]] [[Category:21st-century American sportswomen]] [[Category:United States women's international soccer players]] [[Category:Angel City FC players]] dbu45po42lr54ck6wswquvwlv90vd21 Alyssa Thompson 0 29678 110105 110102 2026-08-18T12:02:49Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the section "Playing style" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369225029|Alyssa Thompson]]" 110105 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alyssa Paola Thompson''' (born November 7, 2004) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a forward give Women's Super League club Chelsea den de United States women's national team. She be named de national Gatorade Player of de Year insyd 2021. She be selected first overall insyd de 2023 NWSL Draft by Angel City while insyd high school. == Early life == Dem raise am insyd Studio City, California insyd de Los Angeles area, Alyssa attend The Wesley School insyd North Hollywood. At age 8, she race against de fastest boy at de school wey she win.<ref name="latimes-071823">{{cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=July 18, 2023 |title=How family and determination forged teenager Alyssa Thompson's World Cup talent |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/story/2023-07-18/alyssa-thompson-world-cup-teenage-star-uswnt |access-date=July 24, 2023 |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Thompson ein parents Karen den Mario<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson {{!}} USWNT {{!}} U.S. Soccer Official Site |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/players/t/alyssa-thompson |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> sign Alyssa den ein sisto [[Gisele Thompson|Gisele]] up to Total Futbol Academy (TFA) insyd 2013, wen na Alyssa Thompson dey 9 years old, for dem to compete on boys' teams. After two years, dem transfer to Elite Clubs National League club Real So Cal, wer na dem play til de [[COVID-19]] pandemic.<ref name="si">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2023/03/22/alyssa-thompson-nwsl-angel-city-fc-daily-cover|title=Angel City FC's Alyssa Thompson Set a New Standard for Girls in Soccer|date=March 22, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham}}</ref><ref name="mls">{{cite news|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/mlsnext/news/alyssa-and-gisele-thompson-s-unconventional-path-to-uswnt-success-via-mls-next|title=Alyssa and Gisele Thompson's unusual path to USWNT success via MLS NEXT|date=November 10, 2022|access-date=April 10, 2023|publisher=[[Major League Soccer]]|first=Travis|last=Clark}}</ref> By de age of 13, na Thompson dey play plus players four years older dan am.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> Thompson return to TFA insyd 2020 wey she play give ein under-19 team insyd de MLS Next league at de age of 17, wey na she be de only female player insyd de league.<ref name="auto1" /><ref name="si" /><ref name="mls" /><ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref> Thompson attend den play give Harvard-Westlake School during ein freshman den sophomore years of high school<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2021-05-18/alyssa-thompson-of-harvard-westlake-scores-six-goals|title=Roundup: Harvard-Westlake's Alyssa Thompson scores six goals in 6–3 Division 1 playoff win|date=May 19, 2021|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> wey she score 48 goals insyd 18 games.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref> National team den club soccer prevent am from playing during ein junior season. She be drafted to professional play as a high school senior.<ref name="espn-draft" /><ref name="ladn-hw">{{cite news|url=https://www.dailynews.com/2023/02/22/no-alyssa-thompson-no-problem-harvard-westlake-girls-soccer-is-back-in-cif-final/|title=No Alyssa Thompson, no problem: Harvard-Westlake girls soccer back in CIF-SS final|date=February 22, 2023|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|first=Haley|last=Sawyer}}</ref> Thompson be named Gatorade Player of de Year insyd April 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sondheimer |first=Eric |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Harvard-Westlake's Alyssa Thompson named Gatorade girls' soccer national player of the year |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2021-06-17/alyssa-thompson-harvard-westlake-gatorade-girls-soccer-player-of-year |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> == Club career == Insyd 2020, at de age of 15, Thompson verbally commit to joining de Cardinal of Stanford University starting insyd de 2023 season.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref name="si">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2023/03/22/alyssa-thompson-nwsl-angel-city-fc-daily-cover|title=Angel City FC's Alyssa Thompson Set a New Standard for Girls in Soccer|date=March 22, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham}}</ref><ref name="mls">{{cite news|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/mlsnext/news/alyssa-and-gisele-thompson-s-unconventional-path-to-uswnt-success-via-mls-next|title=Alyssa and Gisele Thompson's unusual path to USWNT success via MLS NEXT|date=November 10, 2022|access-date=April 10, 2023|publisher=[[Major League Soccer]]|first=Travis|last=Clark}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|last=Ingemi|first=Marisa|date=September 29, 2022|title=Stanford commit Alyssa Thompson is USWNT's youngest call-up in 5 years|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/article/Stanford-commit-Alyssa-Thompson-is-USWNT-s-17476623.php|website=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last=Sondheimer |first=Eric |date=September 11, 2020 |title=Thompson sisters are rising soccer stars with an eye on Stanford |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2020-09-11/thompson-sisters-soccer-stars-heading-to-stanford |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> However, she later decommit to enter de 2023 NWSL Draft.<ref name="si" /><ref name="mls" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ingemi|first=Marisa|date=January 6, 2023|title=Stanford recruit Alyssa Thompson decommits, will go No. 1 in NWSL draft|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/college/article/Stanford-recruit-Alyssa-Thompson-decommits-will-17700066.php|access-date=March 27, 2023}}</ref> === Angel City === On January 12, 2023, Angel City FC select Thompson as de first overall pick insyd de 2023 NWSL Draft.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Yang|first=Steph|date=January 12, 2023|title=NWSL draft live: Alyssa Thompson goes No. 1; Three FSU players taken in first round|work=[[The Athletic]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/live-blogs/nwsl-draft-2023-picks-trades/ExFEl5GCls90/|access-date=January 12, 2023}}</ref><ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref><ref name="ladn-hw">{{cite news|url=https://www.dailynews.com/2023/02/22/no-alyssa-thompson-no-problem-harvard-westlake-girls-soccer-is-back-in-cif-final/|title=No Alyssa Thompson, no problem: Harvard-Westlake girls soccer back in CIF-SS final|date=February 22, 2023|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|first=Haley|last=Sawyer}}</ref> As part of a three-team trade, Angel City send a total of $450,000 to Portland Thorns den Gotham FC to secure de No. 1 pick.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Watkins |first=Claire |date=January 13, 2013 |title=Angel City banking on culture to help Alyssa Thompson thrive |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/alyssa-thompson-angel-city-nwsl-draft-christen-press/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> At de time, dis trade make Thompson "essentially de most expensive player insyd league history," wich na e be a record previously set by [[Alex Morgan]].<ref name="yahoo-011213">{{Cite web |last=Baer |first=Jack |date=January 12, 2013 |title=NWSL Draft: Angel City makes Alyssa Thompson the 1st HS player taken No. 1 overall |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/nwsl-draft-angel-city-makes-alyssa-thompson-the-1st-hs-player-taken-no-1-overall-003043564.html |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Yahoo! Sports}}</ref> Thompson sign a three-year deal plus de club.<ref name="yahoo-011213" /> While still attending ein senior year of high school at Harvard-Westlake,<ref name="ocregister-051223">{{Cite web |last=Calhoun |first=Damian |date=May 12, 2023 |title=Alyssa Thompson balancing school and soccer as rookie for Angel City FC |url=https://www.ocregister.com/2023/05/12/alyssa-thompson-balancing-school-and-soccer-as-rookie-for-angel-city-fc/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Orange County Register}}</ref><ref name="latimes-042223">{{Cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=April 22, 2023 |title=Angel City's Alyssa Thompson at the forefront of change in U.S. women's soccer |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2023-04-22/angel-city-star-alyssa-thompson-us-soccer-development |access-date=June 24, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Thompson score five minutes into ein professional debut plus Angel City FC, insyd a friendly match against Club América of Liga MX Femenil.<ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref> Thompson score a goal 11 minutes into ein NWSL regular-season debut on March 26, 2023, insyd a 1–2 loss against NJ/NY Gotham FC.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bushnell|first=Henry|date=March 26, 2023|title=Alyssa Thompson, the future of USWNT, explodes onto NWSL scene with golazo in debut|publisher=[[Yahoo! Sports]]|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/alyssa-thompson-goal-nwsl-debut-angel-city-031206736.html|access-date=March 27, 2023}}</ref> On April 11, she score de game-opener against Portland Thorns FC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sepich |first=Scott |date=April 29, 2023 |title=Goalkeeper Bella Bixby's goal rescues 3–3 draw for Portland Thorns in wild finish |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/portland-thorns/2023/04/goalkeeper-bella-bixbys-goal-rescues-3-3-draw-for-portland-thorns-in-wild-finish.html |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=The Oregonian}}</ref> She be named NWSL Rookie of de Month for ein performance during March–April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 9, 2023 |title=Teenage USWNT prospect Alyssa Thompson dazzles in rookie NWSL campaign |url=https://www.soccerwire.com/news/teenage-uswnt-prospect-alyssa-thompson-dazzles-in-rookie-nwsl-campaign/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=SoccerWire}}</ref> Thompson ein third regular season goal be de opening goal insyd de team ein 3–2 win against Kansas City Current.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vertelney |first=Seth |date=May 8, 2023 |title=Angel City's wonderteen Alyssa Thompson only scores bangers |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/2023/05/08/uswnt-alyssa-thompson-scores-again-angel-city-nwsl/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=[[USA Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hruby |first=Emma |date=May 6, 2023 |title=Watch: Alyssa Thompson scores golazo for Angel City FC |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/alyssa-thompson-goal-angel-city-fc/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> On June 5, she provide de assist for [[Sydney Leroux]] ein first goal den game of de season (after returning from an ankle injury insyd de previous season).<ref>{{Cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=June 5, 2023 |title=Sydney Leroux scores in season debut, but Angel City comes up short against Red Stars |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2023-06-05/angel-city-chicago-red-stars-nwsl-game-recap |access-date=June 24, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> Thompson fini ein first season for Angel City plus four goals den two assists insyd regular-season games on de way to de clubs first playoffs appearance, wey na dem sanso name am as one of de nominees for Rookie of de Year at de conclusion of de season.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2023 |title=National Women's Soccer League Official Site {{!}} NWSL |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/2023-nwsl-end-of-year-awards-rookie-of-the-year-presented-by-ally-finalists |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=www.nwslsoccer.com}}</ref> [[File:Alyssa_Thompson_2024-01_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Thompson dey play give Angel City insyd 2024]] On May 3, 2024, insyd Angel City ein first game against de Utah Royals, Thompson make ein third assist of de season, wey she cam be de youngest player insyd NWSL history den de first player for Angel City to record assists insyd three consecutive matches.<ref>{{Cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=May 4, 2024 |title=Sydney Leroux and Claire Emslie score to power Angel City past Utah |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2024-05-03/sydney-leroux-claire-emslie-angel-city-utah |access-date=May 6, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> On May 18, 2024, insyd an away match against Washington Spirit, Thompson start alongside ein younger sisto [[Gisele Thompson|Gisele]], wich mark de first time insyd NWSL history wey two sistos be named to de starting lineup of de same team.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Women's Soccer League Official Site {{!}} NWSL |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/ |access-date=May 20, 2024 |website=www.nwslsoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> Thompson convert ein first penalty kick give Angel City on August 1, 2024, insyd a shootout against San Diego Wave FC during de 2024 NWSL x Liga MX Femenil Summer Cup to ensure a spot insyd de knockout stage of de tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2, 2024 |title=Angel City Advances to Summer Cup Semifinal Following Penalty Shootout {{!}} 8.1.24 |url=https://angelcity.com/angel-city-football-club-news/angel-city-advances-to-summer-cup-semifinal-following-penalty-shootout-8.1.24 |access-date=August 21, 2024 |website=angelcity.com |language=en}}</ref> Thompson sanso converet ein first non-shootout penalty for Angel City a few weeks later insyd a friendly against Liga MX Femenil team FC Juárez on August 18, 2024, ein first goal of de 2024 season.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Calhoun |first=Damian |date=August 19, 2024 |title=Messiah Bright scores a hat trick as Angel City routs FC Juarez in exhibition |url=https://www.dailynews.com/2024/08/18/messiah-bright-scores-a-hat-trick-as-angel-city-routs-fc-juarez-in-friendly/ |access-date=August 21, 2024 |website=Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref> Thompson score ein first career brace den ein first regular-season goals of de 2024 season on August 24, 2024, insyd an away match against San Diego Wave FC to secure a 1–2 victory. Thompson cam be de second teenager after [[Mallory Swanson]] to score multiple goals insyd a regular-season NWSL match.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=August 24, 2024 |title=Alyssa Thompson scores twice as Angel City defeats San Diego to end losing streak |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2024-08-24/alyssa-thompson-scores-angel-city-san-diego-wave |access-date=August 25, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> On September 6, 2024, Thompson be named to de NWSL Team of de Month for de first time for de month of August 2024, playing insyd three games thru out August, Thompson register 11 tackles won den six shots, three on target.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=NWSL |date=September 6, 2024 |title=NWSL Announces August Best XI of the Month, Presented by Amazon Prime {{!}} National Women's Soccer League Official Site |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-august-best-xi-of-the-month-presented-by-amazon-prime |access-date=September 6, 2024 |website=NWSL |language=en}}</ref> Thompson notch three goals den one assist thru out September to make de Best XI insyd back-to-back months.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=NWSL |date=October 4, 2024 |title=NWSL Announces September Best XI of the Month, presented by Amazon Prime {{!}} NWSL Announces September Best XI of the Month, presented by Amazon Prime {{!}} National Women's Soccer League Official Site |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-september-best-xi-of-the-month-presented-by-amazon-prime |access-date=October 4, 2024 |website=NWSL |language=en}}</ref> Thompson conclude ein sophomore season plus a record of 5 goals den 7 assists, securing de second-highest assist total insyd de league, while sanso dey lead Angel City FC insyd total goal contributions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson Stats, Goals, Records, Assists, Cups and more |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/2fcc0a10/Alyssa-Thompson |access-date=December 21, 2024 |website=FBref.com |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Alyssa_Thompson_2024-02.jpg|left|thumb|Thompson dey play give Angel City insyd 2024]] On January 29, 2025, ahead of de 2025 season, Angel City announce say dem sign a contract extension plus Thompson, keeping am den ein sisto at de club til 2028.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=January 29, 2025 |title=Angel City extends contracts with forward Alyssa Thompson and defender Gisele Thompson |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2025-01-29/angel-city-extends-contracts-alyssa-giselle-thompson |access-date=January 29, 2025 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> On April 12, 2025, Thompson make ein 50th-regular season appearance insyd de NWSL, wey she contribute an assist den a goal insyd a 3–1 victory against de Houston Dash, wey she sanso cam be de second-youngest player to reach 10 goals den 10 assists insyd de NWSL.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff and wire reports |date=April 13, 2025 |title=Angel City gets a road victory against the Dash |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2025-04-12/angel-city-gets-a-road-victory-against-houston-dash |access-date=April 13, 2025 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> On May 2, 2025, Thompson assist ein sisto ein first NWSL goal insyd a 4–3 victory against Washington Spirit, wey dem cam be de first sistos to combine for a goal insyd de NWSL.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vertelney |first=Seth |title=Thompson sisters make historic connection for Gisele's first NWSL goal |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/story/sports/nwsl/2025/05/02/alyssa-thompson-assists-sister-gisele-first-nwsl-goal/83420902007/ |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pro Soccer Wire |language=en-US}}</ref> On May 24, 2025, Thompson convert ein penalty kick against Racing Louisville FC, to score de 100th regular-season goal insyd Angel City ein history, den plus ein goal she cam be de all-time leading regular-season goal scorer give Angel City, ultimately de match end as a 2–3 defeat. Na de goal sanso be Thompson ein 25th goal contribution insyd de NWSL regular season, wey e make am de youngest player to reach de milestone.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 25, 2025 |title=TST Images: Racing Louisville FC defeats Angel City FC, 3–2 at BMO Stadium |url=https://www.thesportingtribune.com/2025/05/24/racinglouisville-angelcity-photos |access-date=May 25, 2025 |website=The Sporting Tribune |language=en}}</ref> On July 26, 2025, Thompson score ein first professional hat-trick, insyd a friendly against Carolina Ascent FC at BMO Stadium.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 26, 2025 |title=Angel City Football Club Notches 4–2 Victory over USL Super League Club Carolina Ascent FC at BMO Stadium |url=https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/angel-city-football-club-notches-4-2-victory-over-usl-super-league-club-carolina-ascent-fc-at-bmo-stadium/n-6260753 |access-date=August 3, 2025 |website=OurSports Central |language=en}}</ref> === Chelsea === Insyd September 2025, Thompson enter into talks plus English club Chelsea regarding a potential transfer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=September 1, 2025 |title=Chelsea in talks with Angel City over USA forward Alyssa Thompson |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c9393pvknd0o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> On September 5, 2025, na e be officially announced say Chelsea sign am for a club record fee of just under £1m from Angel City, wey de club unveil am to fans at Stamford Bridge prior to dema first WSL match of de season against Manchester City on de same day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=September 5, 2025 |title=Chelsea sign USA's Thompson for club record fee |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cvgnl4gr2dgo |website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=September 6, 2025 |title=Sonia Bompastor on Alyssa Thompson: 'She will have a big impact!' |url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/article/sonia-bompastor-on-alyssa-thompson-she-will-have-a-big-impact |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250915085119/https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/article/sonia-bompastor-on-alyssa-thompson-she-will-have-a-big-impact |archive-date=September 15, 2025 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=Chelsea F.C.}}</ref> Thompson make ein debut give Chelsea on September 14 during a 3–1 WSL victory against Aston Villa.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Salley |first1=Emily |date=September 14, 2025 |title=Aston Villa 1–3 Chelsea: Sam Kerr scores on return as defending champions win |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c99gxz3jjdlt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250915083507/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c99gxz3jjdlt |archive-date=September 15, 2025 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> She score ein first goal give de club on October 15, insyd de Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 15, 2025 |title=Chelsea 2–1 Paris FC: Alyssa Thompson 'a real bright spark' but best 'is still to come' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cx2lmzmmgvzo |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> On March 15, 2026, Thompson win ein first trophy plus Chelsea after starting insyd de 2025–26 FA Women's League Cup final insyd wich she help ein team beat Manchester United 2–0 at Ashton Gate.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=March 15, 2026 |title=Chelsea 2–0 Manchester United |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cx24ml4d1l2t |access-date=March 15, 2026 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> == International career == [[File:Alyssa_Thompson_USWNT_v_Colombia_Mar_7_2026-181.jpg|right|thumb|Thompson insyd 2026]] Thompson represent de United States on de United States senior national team as well as de under-20 national team. Insyd 2022, she help lead de under-20 national team to win gold at de 2022 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship, playing insyd five matches den scoring three goals.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2021 |title=Stats |url=https://www.concacaf.com/en/under-20s-women/stats/ |website=Concacaf}}</ref> At de 2022 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup insyd Costa Rica, she play insyd three matches wey she score one goal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Unity is strength for ambitious USA |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/usa-ghana-fifa-u20-womens-world-cup-2022-jaedyn-shaw-tracey-kevins |access-date=July 16, 2023 |website=[[FIFA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sondheimer |first=Eric |date=March 27, 2022 |title=Harvard-Westlake's Alyssa Thompson speeds back to class and track team |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2022-03-27/harvard-westlake-alyssa-thompson-back-to-class-track-soccer |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Thompson be called up to de senior national team insyd September 2022 wey na she be de youngest player since [[Sophia Smith (soccer, born 2000)|Sophia Smith]] insyd 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Laase |first=Eden |date=September 29, 2022 |title=Teen star Alyssa Thompson earns her first USWNT call-up |url=https://justwomenssports.com/uswnt-roster-alyssa-thompson-call-up-teenager/ |website=Just Women's Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Henry |first=Larry, Jr. |date=October 1, 2022 |title=Andonovski on Alyssa Thompson's first USWNT call-up: "She will fit in our system" – SBI Soccer |url=https://sbisoccer.com/2022/10/andonovski-on-alyssa-thompsons-first-uswnt-call-up-she-will-fit-in-our-system |website=sbisoccer.com}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|last=Ingemi|first=Marisa|date=September 29, 2022|title=Stanford commit Alyssa Thompson is USWNT's youngest call-up in 5 years|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/article/Stanford-commit-Alyssa-Thompson-is-USWNT-s-17476623.php|website=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref> On October 7, 2022, she make ein senior national team debut at Wembley Stadium during a friendly against England in front of 90,000 fans.<ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/alyssa-thompson-is-already-breaking-barriers-before-her-first-nwsl-pro-game-with-angel-city-fc/|title=Alyssa Thompson is already breaking barriers before her first NWSL pro game with Angel City FC|date=January 20, 2023|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[CBS Sports]]|first=Sandra|last=Herrera}}</ref> On April 9, 2023, Thompson be called up to de senior team to replace an injured [[Mallory Swanson]] insyd a friendly dem schedule for April 11 against Ireland.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailynews.com/2023/04/09/angel-city-fcs-alyssa-thompson-to-join-uswnt-for-ireland-game/|title=Angel City FC's Alyssa Thompson to join USWNT for Ireland game|date=April 9, 2023|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|first=Damian|last=Calhoun}}</ref> Insyd June of de same year, she be named to de U.S. squad for de 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup insyd Australia den New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sanders|first=Emma|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/65978315|title=Women's World Cup 2023: Morgan and Rapinoe named in USA World Cup squad|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> She make ein debut during de team ein first group stage match, a 3–0 win against Vietnam.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 21, 2023 |title=Women's World Cup 2023 highlights: USWNT tops Vietnam, 3–0 |url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/soccer/world-cup-2023-top-plays-united-states-vietnam |access-date=July 24, 2023 |work=Fox Sports}}</ref> Thompson record ein first assist for de senior national team on October 29, 2023, setting up [[Jaedyn Shaw]] ein goal insyd a 3–0 win insyd a friendly against Colombia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USWNT vs. Colombia: Score, Highlights & Match Recap {{!}} U.S. Soccer Official Website |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/10/uswnt-vs-colombia-10-29-23-score-highlights-match-recap-goals-stats |access-date=September 7, 2024 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> After missing de 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup secof a minor back injury,<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 7, 2024 |title=USWNT forward Thompson misses W Gold Cup with back injury |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/2024/02/07/uswnt-alyssa-thompson-back-injury-w-gold-cup/ |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=Pro Soccer Wire |language=en-US}}</ref> Thompson be called back into de national team insyd October 2024 for de teams Olympic gold medal victory tour. Insyd wat be ein tenth cap, Thompson score ein first international goal against Iceland, de first goal insyd de match to secure a 3–1 victory.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Kari |date=October 25, 2024 |title=Watch USWNT forward Alyssa Thompson score her first international goal off a stunning finish |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/watch-uswnt-forward-alyssa-thompson-score-her-first-international-goal-off-a-stunning-finish-155130405.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=Yahoo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> On February 11, 2025, Thompson be called up for de 2025 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hayes Names 23-Player USWNT Roster for 2025 SheBelieves Cup, Presented by Visa |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/02/us-womens-national-team-roster-players-2025-shebelieves-cup |access-date=February 27, 2025 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> She be called up alongside ein younger sisto Gisele for de first time, wich mark de third time sistos be called up to de same roster on de US senior team.On February 20, 2025, Alyssa start de second SheBelieves Cup match against Australia alongside ein sisto, wey na dem cam be de second pair of sistos to play give de national team insyd de same match.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tolmich |first=Ryan |date=February 24, 2025 |title=USWNT player ratings vs Australia: Ever-reliable Lynn Biyendolo an agent of change as Emma Hayes completely turns over starting XI in SheBelieves Cup triumph {{!}} Goal.com US |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/lists/uswnt-australia-player-ratings-shebelieves-cup/blt304087f1e01490b3 |access-date=February 27, 2025 |website=www.goal.com |language=en-US}}</ref> On March 7, 2026, Thompson score an 82nd minute winning goal vs Colombia to earn ein country a 1–0 victory wich help de USWNT win de SheBelieves Cup for de eighth time overall wey na dem name am Most Valuable Player of de tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2026 Shebelieves Cup USWNT vs Columbia result |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/03/uswnt/us-womens-national-team-defeat-colombia-1-0-on-late-goal-from-alyssa-thompson-to-win-its-eighth-shebelieves-cup |access-date=March 7, 2026 |work=U.S. Soccer}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Griffin|first=Tamerra|date=2026-03-08|title=Alyssa Thompson's goal secures USWNT's eighth SheBelieves Cup victory|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7097680/2026/03/07/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-shebelieves-cup-victory/|access-date=2026-05-08|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Playing style == Insyd July 2023 de BBC say dat ein "pace den tenacity be stand-out features".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Johnston|first=Neil|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66286563|title=Women's World Cup 2023: The rise of United States teenage forward Alyssa Thompson|date=July 26, 2023|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> cjjt6cplo6gjq9jl8b2qwku6omm3l3j 110107 110105 2026-08-18T12:13:42Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the section "Personal life" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369225029|Alyssa Thompson]]" 110107 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alyssa Paola Thompson''' (born November 7, 2004) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a forward give Women's Super League club Chelsea den de United States women's national team. She be named de national Gatorade Player of de Year insyd 2021. She be selected first overall insyd de 2023 NWSL Draft by Angel City while insyd high school. == Early life == Dem raise am insyd Studio City, California insyd de Los Angeles area, Alyssa attend The Wesley School insyd North Hollywood. At age 8, she race against de fastest boy at de school wey she win.<ref name="latimes-071823">{{cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=July 18, 2023 |title=How family and determination forged teenager Alyssa Thompson's World Cup talent |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/story/2023-07-18/alyssa-thompson-world-cup-teenage-star-uswnt |access-date=July 24, 2023 |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Thompson ein parents Karen den Mario<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson {{!}} USWNT {{!}} U.S. Soccer Official Site |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/players/t/alyssa-thompson |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> sign Alyssa den ein sisto [[Gisele Thompson|Gisele]] up to Total Futbol Academy (TFA) insyd 2013, wen na Alyssa Thompson dey 9 years old, for dem to compete on boys' teams. After two years, dem transfer to Elite Clubs National League club Real So Cal, wer na dem play til de [[COVID-19]] pandemic.<ref name="si">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2023/03/22/alyssa-thompson-nwsl-angel-city-fc-daily-cover|title=Angel City FC's Alyssa Thompson Set a New Standard for Girls in Soccer|date=March 22, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham}}</ref><ref name="mls">{{cite news|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/mlsnext/news/alyssa-and-gisele-thompson-s-unconventional-path-to-uswnt-success-via-mls-next|title=Alyssa and Gisele Thompson's unusual path to USWNT success via MLS NEXT|date=November 10, 2022|access-date=April 10, 2023|publisher=[[Major League Soccer]]|first=Travis|last=Clark}}</ref> By de age of 13, na Thompson dey play plus players four years older dan am.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> Thompson return to TFA insyd 2020 wey she play give ein under-19 team insyd de MLS Next league at de age of 17, wey na she be de only female player insyd de league.<ref name="auto1" /><ref name="si" /><ref name="mls" /><ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref> Thompson attend den play give Harvard-Westlake School during ein freshman den sophomore years of high school<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2021-05-18/alyssa-thompson-of-harvard-westlake-scores-six-goals|title=Roundup: Harvard-Westlake's Alyssa Thompson scores six goals in 6–3 Division 1 playoff win|date=May 19, 2021|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> wey she score 48 goals insyd 18 games.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref> National team den club soccer prevent am from playing during ein junior season. She be drafted to professional play as a high school senior.<ref name="espn-draft" /><ref name="ladn-hw">{{cite news|url=https://www.dailynews.com/2023/02/22/no-alyssa-thompson-no-problem-harvard-westlake-girls-soccer-is-back-in-cif-final/|title=No Alyssa Thompson, no problem: Harvard-Westlake girls soccer back in CIF-SS final|date=February 22, 2023|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|first=Haley|last=Sawyer}}</ref> Thompson be named Gatorade Player of de Year insyd April 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sondheimer |first=Eric |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Harvard-Westlake's Alyssa Thompson named Gatorade girls' soccer national player of the year |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2021-06-17/alyssa-thompson-harvard-westlake-gatorade-girls-soccer-player-of-year |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> == Club career == Insyd 2020, at de age of 15, Thompson verbally commit to joining de Cardinal of Stanford University starting insyd de 2023 season.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref name="si">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2023/03/22/alyssa-thompson-nwsl-angel-city-fc-daily-cover|title=Angel City FC's Alyssa Thompson Set a New Standard for Girls in Soccer|date=March 22, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham}}</ref><ref name="mls">{{cite news|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/mlsnext/news/alyssa-and-gisele-thompson-s-unconventional-path-to-uswnt-success-via-mls-next|title=Alyssa and Gisele Thompson's unusual path to USWNT success via MLS NEXT|date=November 10, 2022|access-date=April 10, 2023|publisher=[[Major League Soccer]]|first=Travis|last=Clark}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|last=Ingemi|first=Marisa|date=September 29, 2022|title=Stanford commit Alyssa Thompson is USWNT's youngest call-up in 5 years|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/article/Stanford-commit-Alyssa-Thompson-is-USWNT-s-17476623.php|website=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last=Sondheimer |first=Eric |date=September 11, 2020 |title=Thompson sisters are rising soccer stars with an eye on Stanford |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2020-09-11/thompson-sisters-soccer-stars-heading-to-stanford |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> However, she later decommit to enter de 2023 NWSL Draft.<ref name="si" /><ref name="mls" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ingemi|first=Marisa|date=January 6, 2023|title=Stanford recruit Alyssa Thompson decommits, will go No. 1 in NWSL draft|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/college/article/Stanford-recruit-Alyssa-Thompson-decommits-will-17700066.php|access-date=March 27, 2023}}</ref> === Angel City === On January 12, 2023, Angel City FC select Thompson as de first overall pick insyd de 2023 NWSL Draft.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Yang|first=Steph|date=January 12, 2023|title=NWSL draft live: Alyssa Thompson goes No. 1; Three FSU players taken in first round|work=[[The Athletic]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/live-blogs/nwsl-draft-2023-picks-trades/ExFEl5GCls90/|access-date=January 12, 2023}}</ref><ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref><ref name="ladn-hw">{{cite news|url=https://www.dailynews.com/2023/02/22/no-alyssa-thompson-no-problem-harvard-westlake-girls-soccer-is-back-in-cif-final/|title=No Alyssa Thompson, no problem: Harvard-Westlake girls soccer back in CIF-SS final|date=February 22, 2023|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|first=Haley|last=Sawyer}}</ref> As part of a three-team trade, Angel City send a total of $450,000 to Portland Thorns den Gotham FC to secure de No. 1 pick.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Watkins |first=Claire |date=January 13, 2013 |title=Angel City banking on culture to help Alyssa Thompson thrive |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/alyssa-thompson-angel-city-nwsl-draft-christen-press/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> At de time, dis trade make Thompson "essentially de most expensive player insyd league history," wich na e be a record previously set by [[Alex Morgan]].<ref name="yahoo-011213">{{Cite web |last=Baer |first=Jack |date=January 12, 2013 |title=NWSL Draft: Angel City makes Alyssa Thompson the 1st HS player taken No. 1 overall |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/nwsl-draft-angel-city-makes-alyssa-thompson-the-1st-hs-player-taken-no-1-overall-003043564.html |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Yahoo! Sports}}</ref> Thompson sign a three-year deal plus de club.<ref name="yahoo-011213" /> While still attending ein senior year of high school at Harvard-Westlake,<ref name="ocregister-051223">{{Cite web |last=Calhoun |first=Damian |date=May 12, 2023 |title=Alyssa Thompson balancing school and soccer as rookie for Angel City FC |url=https://www.ocregister.com/2023/05/12/alyssa-thompson-balancing-school-and-soccer-as-rookie-for-angel-city-fc/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Orange County Register}}</ref><ref name="latimes-042223">{{Cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=April 22, 2023 |title=Angel City's Alyssa Thompson at the forefront of change in U.S. women's soccer |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2023-04-22/angel-city-star-alyssa-thompson-us-soccer-development |access-date=June 24, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Thompson score five minutes into ein professional debut plus Angel City FC, insyd a friendly match against Club América of Liga MX Femenil.<ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref> Thompson score a goal 11 minutes into ein NWSL regular-season debut on March 26, 2023, insyd a 1–2 loss against NJ/NY Gotham FC.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bushnell|first=Henry|date=March 26, 2023|title=Alyssa Thompson, the future of USWNT, explodes onto NWSL scene with golazo in debut|publisher=[[Yahoo! Sports]]|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/alyssa-thompson-goal-nwsl-debut-angel-city-031206736.html|access-date=March 27, 2023}}</ref> On April 11, she score de game-opener against Portland Thorns FC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sepich |first=Scott |date=April 29, 2023 |title=Goalkeeper Bella Bixby's goal rescues 3–3 draw for Portland Thorns in wild finish |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/portland-thorns/2023/04/goalkeeper-bella-bixbys-goal-rescues-3-3-draw-for-portland-thorns-in-wild-finish.html |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=The Oregonian}}</ref> She be named NWSL Rookie of de Month for ein performance during March–April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 9, 2023 |title=Teenage USWNT prospect Alyssa Thompson dazzles in rookie NWSL campaign |url=https://www.soccerwire.com/news/teenage-uswnt-prospect-alyssa-thompson-dazzles-in-rookie-nwsl-campaign/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=SoccerWire}}</ref> Thompson ein third regular season goal be de opening goal insyd de team ein 3–2 win against Kansas City Current.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vertelney |first=Seth |date=May 8, 2023 |title=Angel City's wonderteen Alyssa Thompson only scores bangers |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/2023/05/08/uswnt-alyssa-thompson-scores-again-angel-city-nwsl/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=[[USA Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hruby |first=Emma |date=May 6, 2023 |title=Watch: Alyssa Thompson scores golazo for Angel City FC |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/alyssa-thompson-goal-angel-city-fc/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> On June 5, she provide de assist for [[Sydney Leroux]] ein first goal den game of de season (after returning from an ankle injury insyd de previous season).<ref>{{Cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=June 5, 2023 |title=Sydney Leroux scores in season debut, but Angel City comes up short against Red Stars |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2023-06-05/angel-city-chicago-red-stars-nwsl-game-recap |access-date=June 24, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> Thompson fini ein first season for Angel City plus four goals den two assists insyd regular-season games on de way to de clubs first playoffs appearance, wey na dem sanso name am as one of de nominees for Rookie of de Year at de conclusion of de season.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2023 |title=National Women's Soccer League Official Site {{!}} NWSL |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/2023-nwsl-end-of-year-awards-rookie-of-the-year-presented-by-ally-finalists |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=www.nwslsoccer.com}}</ref> [[File:Alyssa_Thompson_2024-01_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Thompson dey play give Angel City insyd 2024]] On May 3, 2024, insyd Angel City ein first game against de Utah Royals, Thompson make ein third assist of de season, wey she cam be de youngest player insyd NWSL history den de first player for Angel City to record assists insyd three consecutive matches.<ref>{{Cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=May 4, 2024 |title=Sydney Leroux and Claire Emslie score to power Angel City past Utah |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2024-05-03/sydney-leroux-claire-emslie-angel-city-utah |access-date=May 6, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> On May 18, 2024, insyd an away match against Washington Spirit, Thompson start alongside ein younger sisto [[Gisele Thompson|Gisele]], wich mark de first time insyd NWSL history wey two sistos be named to de starting lineup of de same team.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Women's Soccer League Official Site {{!}} NWSL |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/ |access-date=May 20, 2024 |website=www.nwslsoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> Thompson convert ein first penalty kick give Angel City on August 1, 2024, insyd a shootout against San Diego Wave FC during de 2024 NWSL x Liga MX Femenil Summer Cup to ensure a spot insyd de knockout stage of de tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2, 2024 |title=Angel City Advances to Summer Cup Semifinal Following Penalty Shootout {{!}} 8.1.24 |url=https://angelcity.com/angel-city-football-club-news/angel-city-advances-to-summer-cup-semifinal-following-penalty-shootout-8.1.24 |access-date=August 21, 2024 |website=angelcity.com |language=en}}</ref> Thompson sanso converet ein first non-shootout penalty for Angel City a few weeks later insyd a friendly against Liga MX Femenil team FC Juárez on August 18, 2024, ein first goal of de 2024 season.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Calhoun |first=Damian |date=August 19, 2024 |title=Messiah Bright scores a hat trick as Angel City routs FC Juarez in exhibition |url=https://www.dailynews.com/2024/08/18/messiah-bright-scores-a-hat-trick-as-angel-city-routs-fc-juarez-in-friendly/ |access-date=August 21, 2024 |website=Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref> Thompson score ein first career brace den ein first regular-season goals of de 2024 season on August 24, 2024, insyd an away match against San Diego Wave FC to secure a 1–2 victory. Thompson cam be de second teenager after [[Mallory Swanson]] to score multiple goals insyd a regular-season NWSL match.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=August 24, 2024 |title=Alyssa Thompson scores twice as Angel City defeats San Diego to end losing streak |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2024-08-24/alyssa-thompson-scores-angel-city-san-diego-wave |access-date=August 25, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> On September 6, 2024, Thompson be named to de NWSL Team of de Month for de first time for de month of August 2024, playing insyd three games thru out August, Thompson register 11 tackles won den six shots, three on target.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=NWSL |date=September 6, 2024 |title=NWSL Announces August Best XI of the Month, Presented by Amazon Prime {{!}} National Women's Soccer League Official Site |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-august-best-xi-of-the-month-presented-by-amazon-prime |access-date=September 6, 2024 |website=NWSL |language=en}}</ref> Thompson notch three goals den one assist thru out September to make de Best XI insyd back-to-back months.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=NWSL |date=October 4, 2024 |title=NWSL Announces September Best XI of the Month, presented by Amazon Prime {{!}} NWSL Announces September Best XI of the Month, presented by Amazon Prime {{!}} National Women's Soccer League Official Site |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-september-best-xi-of-the-month-presented-by-amazon-prime |access-date=October 4, 2024 |website=NWSL |language=en}}</ref> Thompson conclude ein sophomore season plus a record of 5 goals den 7 assists, securing de second-highest assist total insyd de league, while sanso dey lead Angel City FC insyd total goal contributions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson Stats, Goals, Records, Assists, Cups and more |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/2fcc0a10/Alyssa-Thompson |access-date=December 21, 2024 |website=FBref.com |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Alyssa_Thompson_2024-02.jpg|left|thumb|Thompson dey play give Angel City insyd 2024]] On January 29, 2025, ahead of de 2025 season, Angel City announce say dem sign a contract extension plus Thompson, keeping am den ein sisto at de club til 2028.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=January 29, 2025 |title=Angel City extends contracts with forward Alyssa Thompson and defender Gisele Thompson |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2025-01-29/angel-city-extends-contracts-alyssa-giselle-thompson |access-date=January 29, 2025 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> On April 12, 2025, Thompson make ein 50th-regular season appearance insyd de NWSL, wey she contribute an assist den a goal insyd a 3–1 victory against de Houston Dash, wey she sanso cam be de second-youngest player to reach 10 goals den 10 assists insyd de NWSL.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff and wire reports |date=April 13, 2025 |title=Angel City gets a road victory against the Dash |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2025-04-12/angel-city-gets-a-road-victory-against-houston-dash |access-date=April 13, 2025 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> On May 2, 2025, Thompson assist ein sisto ein first NWSL goal insyd a 4–3 victory against Washington Spirit, wey dem cam be de first sistos to combine for a goal insyd de NWSL.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vertelney |first=Seth |title=Thompson sisters make historic connection for Gisele's first NWSL goal |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/story/sports/nwsl/2025/05/02/alyssa-thompson-assists-sister-gisele-first-nwsl-goal/83420902007/ |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pro Soccer Wire |language=en-US}}</ref> On May 24, 2025, Thompson convert ein penalty kick against Racing Louisville FC, to score de 100th regular-season goal insyd Angel City ein history, den plus ein goal she cam be de all-time leading regular-season goal scorer give Angel City, ultimately de match end as a 2–3 defeat. Na de goal sanso be Thompson ein 25th goal contribution insyd de NWSL regular season, wey e make am de youngest player to reach de milestone.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 25, 2025 |title=TST Images: Racing Louisville FC defeats Angel City FC, 3–2 at BMO Stadium |url=https://www.thesportingtribune.com/2025/05/24/racinglouisville-angelcity-photos |access-date=May 25, 2025 |website=The Sporting Tribune |language=en}}</ref> On July 26, 2025, Thompson score ein first professional hat-trick, insyd a friendly against Carolina Ascent FC at BMO Stadium.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 26, 2025 |title=Angel City Football Club Notches 4–2 Victory over USL Super League Club Carolina Ascent FC at BMO Stadium |url=https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/angel-city-football-club-notches-4-2-victory-over-usl-super-league-club-carolina-ascent-fc-at-bmo-stadium/n-6260753 |access-date=August 3, 2025 |website=OurSports Central |language=en}}</ref> === Chelsea === Insyd September 2025, Thompson enter into talks plus English club Chelsea regarding a potential transfer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=September 1, 2025 |title=Chelsea in talks with Angel City over USA forward Alyssa Thompson |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c9393pvknd0o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> On September 5, 2025, na e be officially announced say Chelsea sign am for a club record fee of just under £1m from Angel City, wey de club unveil am to fans at Stamford Bridge prior to dema first WSL match of de season against Manchester City on de same day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=September 5, 2025 |title=Chelsea sign USA's Thompson for club record fee |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cvgnl4gr2dgo |website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=September 6, 2025 |title=Sonia Bompastor on Alyssa Thompson: 'She will have a big impact!' |url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/article/sonia-bompastor-on-alyssa-thompson-she-will-have-a-big-impact |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250915085119/https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/article/sonia-bompastor-on-alyssa-thompson-she-will-have-a-big-impact |archive-date=September 15, 2025 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=Chelsea F.C.}}</ref> Thompson make ein debut give Chelsea on September 14 during a 3–1 WSL victory against Aston Villa.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Salley |first1=Emily |date=September 14, 2025 |title=Aston Villa 1–3 Chelsea: Sam Kerr scores on return as defending champions win |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c99gxz3jjdlt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250915083507/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c99gxz3jjdlt |archive-date=September 15, 2025 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> She score ein first goal give de club on October 15, insyd de Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 15, 2025 |title=Chelsea 2–1 Paris FC: Alyssa Thompson 'a real bright spark' but best 'is still to come' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cx2lmzmmgvzo |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> On March 15, 2026, Thompson win ein first trophy plus Chelsea after starting insyd de 2025–26 FA Women's League Cup final insyd wich she help ein team beat Manchester United 2–0 at Ashton Gate.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=March 15, 2026 |title=Chelsea 2–0 Manchester United |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cx24ml4d1l2t |access-date=March 15, 2026 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> == International career == [[File:Alyssa_Thompson_USWNT_v_Colombia_Mar_7_2026-181.jpg|right|thumb|Thompson insyd 2026]] Thompson represent de United States on de United States senior national team as well as de under-20 national team. Insyd 2022, she help lead de under-20 national team to win gold at de 2022 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship, playing insyd five matches den scoring three goals.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2021 |title=Stats |url=https://www.concacaf.com/en/under-20s-women/stats/ |website=Concacaf}}</ref> At de 2022 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup insyd Costa Rica, she play insyd three matches wey she score one goal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Unity is strength for ambitious USA |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/usa-ghana-fifa-u20-womens-world-cup-2022-jaedyn-shaw-tracey-kevins |access-date=July 16, 2023 |website=[[FIFA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sondheimer |first=Eric |date=March 27, 2022 |title=Harvard-Westlake's Alyssa Thompson speeds back to class and track team |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2022-03-27/harvard-westlake-alyssa-thompson-back-to-class-track-soccer |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Thompson be called up to de senior national team insyd September 2022 wey na she be de youngest player since [[Sophia Smith (soccer, born 2000)|Sophia Smith]] insyd 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Laase |first=Eden |date=September 29, 2022 |title=Teen star Alyssa Thompson earns her first USWNT call-up |url=https://justwomenssports.com/uswnt-roster-alyssa-thompson-call-up-teenager/ |website=Just Women's Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Henry |first=Larry, Jr. |date=October 1, 2022 |title=Andonovski on Alyssa Thompson's first USWNT call-up: "She will fit in our system" – SBI Soccer |url=https://sbisoccer.com/2022/10/andonovski-on-alyssa-thompsons-first-uswnt-call-up-she-will-fit-in-our-system |website=sbisoccer.com}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|last=Ingemi|first=Marisa|date=September 29, 2022|title=Stanford commit Alyssa Thompson is USWNT's youngest call-up in 5 years|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/article/Stanford-commit-Alyssa-Thompson-is-USWNT-s-17476623.php|website=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref> On October 7, 2022, she make ein senior national team debut at Wembley Stadium during a friendly against England in front of 90,000 fans.<ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/alyssa-thompson-is-already-breaking-barriers-before-her-first-nwsl-pro-game-with-angel-city-fc/|title=Alyssa Thompson is already breaking barriers before her first NWSL pro game with Angel City FC|date=January 20, 2023|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[CBS Sports]]|first=Sandra|last=Herrera}}</ref> On April 9, 2023, Thompson be called up to de senior team to replace an injured [[Mallory Swanson]] insyd a friendly dem schedule for April 11 against Ireland.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailynews.com/2023/04/09/angel-city-fcs-alyssa-thompson-to-join-uswnt-for-ireland-game/|title=Angel City FC's Alyssa Thompson to join USWNT for Ireland game|date=April 9, 2023|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|first=Damian|last=Calhoun}}</ref> Insyd June of de same year, she be named to de U.S. squad for de 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup insyd Australia den New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sanders|first=Emma|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/65978315|title=Women's World Cup 2023: Morgan and Rapinoe named in USA World Cup squad|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> She make ein debut during de team ein first group stage match, a 3–0 win against Vietnam.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 21, 2023 |title=Women's World Cup 2023 highlights: USWNT tops Vietnam, 3–0 |url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/soccer/world-cup-2023-top-plays-united-states-vietnam |access-date=July 24, 2023 |work=Fox Sports}}</ref> Thompson record ein first assist for de senior national team on October 29, 2023, setting up [[Jaedyn Shaw]] ein goal insyd a 3–0 win insyd a friendly against Colombia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USWNT vs. Colombia: Score, Highlights & Match Recap {{!}} U.S. Soccer Official Website |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/10/uswnt-vs-colombia-10-29-23-score-highlights-match-recap-goals-stats |access-date=September 7, 2024 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> After missing de 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup secof a minor back injury,<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 7, 2024 |title=USWNT forward Thompson misses W Gold Cup with back injury |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/2024/02/07/uswnt-alyssa-thompson-back-injury-w-gold-cup/ |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=Pro Soccer Wire |language=en-US}}</ref> Thompson be called back into de national team insyd October 2024 for de teams Olympic gold medal victory tour. Insyd wat be ein tenth cap, Thompson score ein first international goal against Iceland, de first goal insyd de match to secure a 3–1 victory.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Kari |date=October 25, 2024 |title=Watch USWNT forward Alyssa Thompson score her first international goal off a stunning finish |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/watch-uswnt-forward-alyssa-thompson-score-her-first-international-goal-off-a-stunning-finish-155130405.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=Yahoo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> On February 11, 2025, Thompson be called up for de 2025 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hayes Names 23-Player USWNT Roster for 2025 SheBelieves Cup, Presented by Visa |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/02/us-womens-national-team-roster-players-2025-shebelieves-cup |access-date=February 27, 2025 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> She be called up alongside ein younger sisto Gisele for de first time, wich mark de third time sistos be called up to de same roster on de US senior team.On February 20, 2025, Alyssa start de second SheBelieves Cup match against Australia alongside ein sisto, wey na dem cam be de second pair of sistos to play give de national team insyd de same match.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tolmich |first=Ryan |date=February 24, 2025 |title=USWNT player ratings vs Australia: Ever-reliable Lynn Biyendolo an agent of change as Emma Hayes completely turns over starting XI in SheBelieves Cup triumph {{!}} Goal.com US |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/lists/uswnt-australia-player-ratings-shebelieves-cup/blt304087f1e01490b3 |access-date=February 27, 2025 |website=www.goal.com |language=en-US}}</ref> On March 7, 2026, Thompson score an 82nd minute winning goal vs Colombia to earn ein country a 1–0 victory wich help de USWNT win de SheBelieves Cup for de eighth time overall wey na dem name am Most Valuable Player of de tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2026 Shebelieves Cup USWNT vs Columbia result |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/03/uswnt/us-womens-national-team-defeat-colombia-1-0-on-late-goal-from-alyssa-thompson-to-win-its-eighth-shebelieves-cup |access-date=March 7, 2026 |work=U.S. Soccer}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Griffin|first=Tamerra|date=2026-03-08|title=Alyssa Thompson's goal secures USWNT's eighth SheBelieves Cup victory|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7097680/2026/03/07/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-shebelieves-cup-victory/|access-date=2026-05-08|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Playing style == Insyd July 2023 de BBC say dat ein "pace den tenacity be stand-out features".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Johnston|first=Neil|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66286563|title=Women's World Cup 2023: The rise of United States teenage forward Alyssa Thompson|date=July 26, 2023|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Personal life == Thompson be of African-American, Filipino den Peruvian descent.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cauich |first=Eduard |date=July 17, 2023 |title=Madre de mundialista Alyssa Thompson, recalca las raíces peruanas y sacrificios de su hija |url=https://www.latimes.com/espanol/deportes/articulo/2023-07-17/madre-de-mundialista-alyssa-thompson-recalca-las-raices-peruanas-y-sacrificios-de-su-hija |website=Los Angeles Times |language=es-us}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Davies|first1=Amanda|author-link1=Amanda Davies|last2=Howorth|first2=Alasdair|title=High schooler by day, professional soccer player by night: Alyssa Thompson is doing it all|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/02/25/football/alyssa-thompson-nwsl-draft-world-cup-spt-intl/index.html|access-date=February 26, 2023|work=CNN|date=February 25, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2022 |title=Alyssa Thompson: Futbolista de madre peruana debutó con la selección de Estados Unidos |url=https://www.americatv.com.pe/deportes/futbol-mundial/alyssa-thompson-futbolista-madre-peruana-debuto-seleccion-estados-unidos-n430440 |website=americadeportes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Líbero |first=Redacción |date=October 10, 2022 |title=Pudo defender a Perú pero acaba de debutar en la selección absoluta de Estados Unidos |url=https://libero.pe/futbol-internacional/2022/10/09/alyssa-thompson-era-seleccionable-peru-pero-acaba-debutar-otra-seleccion-nivel-mayores-83331 |website=libero.pe}}</ref> Ein parents be Mario den Karen<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson {{!}} USWNT {{!}} U.S. Soccer Official Site |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/players/t/alyssa-thompson |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> wey she get two younger sistos, [[Gisele Thompson|Gisele]] den Zoe.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last=Sondheimer |first=Eric |date=September 11, 2020 |title=Thompson sisters are rising soccer stars with an eye on Stanford |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2020-09-11/thompson-sisters-soccer-stars-heading-to-stanford |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> Gisele dey play give Angel City FC.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Baxter|first1=Kevin|title=Teen Gisele Thompson, sister of Alyssa Thompson, signs three-year deal with Angel City|url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2023-12-07/angel-city-signs-alyssa-thompsons-sister|access-date=December 9, 2023|work=Los Angeles Times|date=December 7, 2023}}</ref> Thompson sanso dey run track, den insyd April 2022, she run 100m insyd 11.74 seconds, wich be de second fastest 100m sprint insyd 2022 up to dat date insyd California.<ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Sondheimer|first=Eric|url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2022-04-28/soccer-star-alyssa-thompson-runs-second-fastest-100-meters-in-california|title=Soccer star Alyssa Thompson runs second fastest 100 meters in California|date=April 29, 2022|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=April 10, 2023}}</ref> === Endorsements === Insyd May 2022, Thompson den ein sisto Gisele sign a name, image, and likeness deal plus Nike at ages 17 den 16 respectively, becoming de first high school athletes to do so.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nike signs sister soccer players to company's first high school name, image and likeness deal|url=https://www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/33933056/nike-inc-signs-sister-soccer-players-company-first-high-school-name-image-likeness-deal|work=[[ESPN]]|date=May 17, 2022|access-date=August 9, 2023|first=Tom|last=VanHaaren}}</ref> Insyd July 2023, she appear insyd a commercial give Volkswagen.<ref>{{cite web |title=Volkswagen Atlas Cross Sport TV Spot, 'The Juggle' Ft. Alyssa Thompson, Emily Fox, Andi Sullivan |url=https://www.ispot.tv/ad/1cw1/volkswagen-atlas-cross-sport-the-juggle-ft-alyssa-thompson-emily-fox-andi-sullivan-spanish-t |access-date=July 28, 2023 |publisher=ispot.tv}}</ref> === Television den film === Thompson be featured insyd episode 3 of de documentary series ''Angel City'' insyd 2023.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |title=Alyssa Paola Thompson |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm14684744/?ref_=fn_al_nm_3 |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=IMDB}}</ref> Thompson appear insyd de Netflix documentary series, ''Under Pressure: The U.S. Women's World Cup Team'', wich follow de U.S. women's national team as dem compete insyd de 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflix Will Shoot the US Women's Soccer Team's Upcoming World Cup Journey |url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/us-womens-soccer-world-cup-series-new |access-date=July 17, 2023 |website=Netflix Tudum |language=en}}</ref> She sanso appear alongside ein sisto Gisele as cameos insyd de Netflix film ''Family Switch''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=All the Freaky References Going On in 'Family Switch' |url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/family-switch-references-easter-eggs |website=Netflix Tudum}}</ref> axam1n297ra4kqmy05yt774zui63mgn 110122 110107 2026-08-18T14:37:21Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 110122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alyssa Paola Thompson''' (born November 7, 2004) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a forward give Women's Super League club Chelsea den de United States women's national team. She be named de national Gatorade Player of de Year insyd 2021. She be selected first overall insyd de 2023 NWSL Draft by Angel City while insyd high school. == Early life == Dem raise am insyd Studio City, California insyd de Los Angeles area, Alyssa attend The Wesley School insyd North Hollywood. At age 8, she race against de fastest boy at de school wey she win.<ref name="latimes-071823">{{cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=July 18, 2023 |title=How family and determination forged teenager Alyssa Thompson's World Cup talent |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/story/2023-07-18/alyssa-thompson-world-cup-teenage-star-uswnt |access-date=July 24, 2023 |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Thompson ein parents Karen den Mario<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson {{!}} USWNT {{!}} U.S. Soccer Official Site |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/players/t/alyssa-thompson |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> sign Alyssa den ein sisto [[Gisele Thompson|Gisele]] up to Total Futbol Academy (TFA) insyd 2013, wen na Alyssa Thompson dey 9 years old, for dem to compete on boys' teams. After two years, dem transfer to Elite Clubs National League club Real So Cal, wer na dem play til de [[COVID-19]] pandemic.<ref name="si">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2023/03/22/alyssa-thompson-nwsl-angel-city-fc-daily-cover|title=Angel City FC's Alyssa Thompson Set a New Standard for Girls in Soccer|date=March 22, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham}}</ref><ref name="mls">{{cite news|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/mlsnext/news/alyssa-and-gisele-thompson-s-unconventional-path-to-uswnt-success-via-mls-next|title=Alyssa and Gisele Thompson's unusual path to USWNT success via MLS NEXT|date=November 10, 2022|access-date=April 10, 2023|publisher=[[Major League Soccer]]|first=Travis|last=Clark}}</ref> By de age of 13, na Thompson dey play plus players four years older dan am.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> Thompson return to TFA insyd 2020 wey she play give ein under-19 team insyd de MLS Next league at de age of 17, wey na she be de only female player insyd de league.<ref name="auto1" /><ref name="si" /><ref name="mls" /><ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref> Thompson attend den play give Harvard-Westlake School during ein freshman den sophomore years of high school<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2021-05-18/alyssa-thompson-of-harvard-westlake-scores-six-goals|title=Roundup: Harvard-Westlake's Alyssa Thompson scores six goals in 6–3 Division 1 playoff win|date=May 19, 2021|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> wey she score 48 goals insyd 18 games.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref> National team den club soccer prevent am from playing during ein junior season. She be drafted to professional play as a high school senior.<ref name="espn-draft" /><ref name="ladn-hw">{{cite news|url=https://www.dailynews.com/2023/02/22/no-alyssa-thompson-no-problem-harvard-westlake-girls-soccer-is-back-in-cif-final/|title=No Alyssa Thompson, no problem: Harvard-Westlake girls soccer back in CIF-SS final|date=February 22, 2023|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|first=Haley|last=Sawyer}}</ref> Thompson be named Gatorade Player of de Year insyd April 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sondheimer |first=Eric |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Harvard-Westlake's Alyssa Thompson named Gatorade girls' soccer national player of the year |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2021-06-17/alyssa-thompson-harvard-westlake-gatorade-girls-soccer-player-of-year |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> == Club career == Insyd 2020, at de age of 15, Thompson verbally commit to joining de Cardinal of Stanford University starting insyd de 2023 season.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref name="si">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2023/03/22/alyssa-thompson-nwsl-angel-city-fc-daily-cover|title=Angel City FC's Alyssa Thompson Set a New Standard for Girls in Soccer|date=March 22, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham}}</ref><ref name="mls">{{cite news|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/mlsnext/news/alyssa-and-gisele-thompson-s-unconventional-path-to-uswnt-success-via-mls-next|title=Alyssa and Gisele Thompson's unusual path to USWNT success via MLS NEXT|date=November 10, 2022|access-date=April 10, 2023|publisher=[[Major League Soccer]]|first=Travis|last=Clark}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|last=Ingemi|first=Marisa|date=September 29, 2022|title=Stanford commit Alyssa Thompson is USWNT's youngest call-up in 5 years|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/article/Stanford-commit-Alyssa-Thompson-is-USWNT-s-17476623.php|website=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last=Sondheimer |first=Eric |date=September 11, 2020 |title=Thompson sisters are rising soccer stars with an eye on Stanford |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2020-09-11/thompson-sisters-soccer-stars-heading-to-stanford |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> However, she later decommit to enter de 2023 NWSL Draft.<ref name="si" /><ref name="mls" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ingemi|first=Marisa|date=January 6, 2023|title=Stanford recruit Alyssa Thompson decommits, will go No. 1 in NWSL draft|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/college/article/Stanford-recruit-Alyssa-Thompson-decommits-will-17700066.php|access-date=March 27, 2023}}</ref> === Angel City === On January 12, 2023, Angel City FC select Thompson as de first overall pick insyd de 2023 NWSL Draft.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Yang|first=Steph|date=January 12, 2023|title=NWSL draft live: Alyssa Thompson goes No. 1; Three FSU players taken in first round|work=[[The Athletic]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/live-blogs/nwsl-draft-2023-picks-trades/ExFEl5GCls90/|access-date=January 12, 2023}}</ref><ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref><ref name="ladn-hw">{{cite news|url=https://www.dailynews.com/2023/02/22/no-alyssa-thompson-no-problem-harvard-westlake-girls-soccer-is-back-in-cif-final/|title=No Alyssa Thompson, no problem: Harvard-Westlake girls soccer back in CIF-SS final|date=February 22, 2023|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|first=Haley|last=Sawyer}}</ref> As part of a three-team trade, Angel City send a total of $450,000 to Portland Thorns den Gotham FC to secure de No. 1 pick.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Watkins |first=Claire |date=January 13, 2013 |title=Angel City banking on culture to help Alyssa Thompson thrive |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/alyssa-thompson-angel-city-nwsl-draft-christen-press/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> At de time, dis trade make Thompson "essentially de most expensive player insyd league history," wich na e be a record previously set by [[Alex Morgan]].<ref name="yahoo-011213">{{Cite web |last=Baer |first=Jack |date=January 12, 2013 |title=NWSL Draft: Angel City makes Alyssa Thompson the 1st HS player taken No. 1 overall |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/nwsl-draft-angel-city-makes-alyssa-thompson-the-1st-hs-player-taken-no-1-overall-003043564.html |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Yahoo! Sports}}</ref> Thompson sign a three-year deal plus de club.<ref name="yahoo-011213" /> While still attending ein senior year of high school at Harvard-Westlake,<ref name="ocregister-051223">{{Cite web |last=Calhoun |first=Damian |date=May 12, 2023 |title=Alyssa Thompson balancing school and soccer as rookie for Angel City FC |url=https://www.ocregister.com/2023/05/12/alyssa-thompson-balancing-school-and-soccer-as-rookie-for-angel-city-fc/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Orange County Register}}</ref><ref name="latimes-042223">{{Cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=April 22, 2023 |title=Angel City's Alyssa Thompson at the forefront of change in U.S. women's soccer |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2023-04-22/angel-city-star-alyssa-thompson-us-soccer-development |access-date=June 24, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Thompson score five minutes into ein professional debut plus Angel City FC, insyd a friendly match against Club América of Liga MX Femenil.<ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref> Thompson score a goal 11 minutes into ein NWSL regular-season debut on March 26, 2023, insyd a 1–2 loss against NJ/NY Gotham FC.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bushnell|first=Henry|date=March 26, 2023|title=Alyssa Thompson, the future of USWNT, explodes onto NWSL scene with golazo in debut|publisher=[[Yahoo! Sports]]|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/alyssa-thompson-goal-nwsl-debut-angel-city-031206736.html|access-date=March 27, 2023}}</ref> On April 11, she score de game-opener against Portland Thorns FC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sepich |first=Scott |date=April 29, 2023 |title=Goalkeeper Bella Bixby's goal rescues 3–3 draw for Portland Thorns in wild finish |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/portland-thorns/2023/04/goalkeeper-bella-bixbys-goal-rescues-3-3-draw-for-portland-thorns-in-wild-finish.html |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=The Oregonian}}</ref> She be named NWSL Rookie of de Month for ein performance during March–April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 9, 2023 |title=Teenage USWNT prospect Alyssa Thompson dazzles in rookie NWSL campaign |url=https://www.soccerwire.com/news/teenage-uswnt-prospect-alyssa-thompson-dazzles-in-rookie-nwsl-campaign/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=SoccerWire}}</ref> Thompson ein third regular season goal be de opening goal insyd de team ein 3–2 win against Kansas City Current.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vertelney |first=Seth |date=May 8, 2023 |title=Angel City's wonderteen Alyssa Thompson only scores bangers |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/2023/05/08/uswnt-alyssa-thompson-scores-again-angel-city-nwsl/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=[[USA Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hruby |first=Emma |date=May 6, 2023 |title=Watch: Alyssa Thompson scores golazo for Angel City FC |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/alyssa-thompson-goal-angel-city-fc/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> On June 5, she provide de assist for [[Sydney Leroux]] ein first goal den game of de season (after returning from an ankle injury insyd de previous season).<ref>{{Cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=June 5, 2023 |title=Sydney Leroux scores in season debut, but Angel City comes up short against Red Stars |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2023-06-05/angel-city-chicago-red-stars-nwsl-game-recap |access-date=June 24, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> Thompson fini ein first season for Angel City plus four goals den two assists insyd regular-season games on de way to de clubs first playoffs appearance, wey na dem sanso name am as one of de nominees for Rookie of de Year at de conclusion of de season.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2023 |title=National Women's Soccer League Official Site {{!}} NWSL |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/2023-nwsl-end-of-year-awards-rookie-of-the-year-presented-by-ally-finalists |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=www.nwslsoccer.com}}</ref> [[File:Alyssa_Thompson_2024-01_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Thompson dey play give Angel City insyd 2024]] On May 3, 2024, insyd Angel City ein first game against de Utah Royals, Thompson make ein third assist of de season, wey she cam be de youngest player insyd NWSL history den de first player for Angel City to record assists insyd three consecutive matches.<ref>{{Cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=May 4, 2024 |title=Sydney Leroux and Claire Emslie score to power Angel City past Utah |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2024-05-03/sydney-leroux-claire-emslie-angel-city-utah |access-date=May 6, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> On May 18, 2024, insyd an away match against Washington Spirit, Thompson start alongside ein younger sisto [[Gisele Thompson|Gisele]], wich mark de first time insyd NWSL history wey two sistos be named to de starting lineup of de same team.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Women's Soccer League Official Site {{!}} NWSL |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/ |access-date=May 20, 2024 |website=www.nwslsoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> Thompson convert ein first penalty kick give Angel City on August 1, 2024, insyd a shootout against San Diego Wave FC during de 2024 NWSL x Liga MX Femenil Summer Cup to ensure a spot insyd de knockout stage of de tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2, 2024 |title=Angel City Advances to Summer Cup Semifinal Following Penalty Shootout {{!}} 8.1.24 |url=https://angelcity.com/angel-city-football-club-news/angel-city-advances-to-summer-cup-semifinal-following-penalty-shootout-8.1.24 |access-date=August 21, 2024 |website=angelcity.com |language=en}}</ref> Thompson sanso converet ein first non-shootout penalty for Angel City a few weeks later insyd a friendly against Liga MX Femenil team FC Juárez on August 18, 2024, ein first goal of de 2024 season.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Calhoun |first=Damian |date=August 19, 2024 |title=Messiah Bright scores a hat trick as Angel City routs FC Juarez in exhibition |url=https://www.dailynews.com/2024/08/18/messiah-bright-scores-a-hat-trick-as-angel-city-routs-fc-juarez-in-friendly/ |access-date=August 21, 2024 |website=Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref> Thompson score ein first career brace den ein first regular-season goals of de 2024 season on August 24, 2024, insyd an away match against San Diego Wave FC to secure a 1–2 victory. Thompson cam be de second teenager after [[Mallory Swanson]] to score multiple goals insyd a regular-season NWSL match.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=August 24, 2024 |title=Alyssa Thompson scores twice as Angel City defeats San Diego to end losing streak |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2024-08-24/alyssa-thompson-scores-angel-city-san-diego-wave |access-date=August 25, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> On September 6, 2024, Thompson be named to de NWSL Team of de Month for de first time for de month of August 2024, playing insyd three games thru out August, Thompson register 11 tackles won den six shots, three on target.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=NWSL |date=September 6, 2024 |title=NWSL Announces August Best XI of the Month, Presented by Amazon Prime {{!}} National Women's Soccer League Official Site |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-august-best-xi-of-the-month-presented-by-amazon-prime |access-date=September 6, 2024 |website=NWSL |language=en}}</ref> Thompson notch three goals den one assist thru out September to make de Best XI insyd back-to-back months.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=NWSL |date=October 4, 2024 |title=NWSL Announces September Best XI of the Month, presented by Amazon Prime {{!}} NWSL Announces September Best XI of the Month, presented by Amazon Prime {{!}} National Women's Soccer League Official Site |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-september-best-xi-of-the-month-presented-by-amazon-prime |access-date=October 4, 2024 |website=NWSL |language=en}}</ref> Thompson conclude ein sophomore season plus a record of 5 goals den 7 assists, securing de second-highest assist total insyd de league, while sanso dey lead Angel City FC insyd total goal contributions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson Stats, Goals, Records, Assists, Cups and more |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/2fcc0a10/Alyssa-Thompson |access-date=December 21, 2024 |website=FBref.com |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Alyssa_Thompson_2024-02.jpg|left|thumb|Thompson dey play give Angel City insyd 2024]] On January 29, 2025, ahead of de 2025 season, Angel City announce say dem sign a contract extension plus Thompson, keeping am den ein sisto at de club til 2028.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=January 29, 2025 |title=Angel City extends contracts with forward Alyssa Thompson and defender Gisele Thompson |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2025-01-29/angel-city-extends-contracts-alyssa-giselle-thompson |access-date=January 29, 2025 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> On April 12, 2025, Thompson make ein 50th-regular season appearance insyd de NWSL, wey she contribute an assist den a goal insyd a 3–1 victory against de Houston Dash, wey she sanso cam be de second-youngest player to reach 10 goals den 10 assists insyd de NWSL.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff and wire reports |date=April 13, 2025 |title=Angel City gets a road victory against the Dash |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2025-04-12/angel-city-gets-a-road-victory-against-houston-dash |access-date=April 13, 2025 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> On May 2, 2025, Thompson assist ein sisto ein first NWSL goal insyd a 4–3 victory against Washington Spirit, wey dem cam be de first sistos to combine for a goal insyd de NWSL.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vertelney |first=Seth |title=Thompson sisters make historic connection for Gisele's first NWSL goal |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/story/sports/nwsl/2025/05/02/alyssa-thompson-assists-sister-gisele-first-nwsl-goal/83420902007/ |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pro Soccer Wire |language=en-US}}</ref> On May 24, 2025, Thompson convert ein penalty kick against Racing Louisville FC, to score de 100th regular-season goal insyd Angel City ein history, den plus ein goal she cam be de all-time leading regular-season goal scorer give Angel City, ultimately de match end as a 2–3 defeat. Na de goal sanso be Thompson ein 25th goal contribution insyd de NWSL regular season, wey e make am de youngest player to reach de milestone.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 25, 2025 |title=TST Images: Racing Louisville FC defeats Angel City FC, 3–2 at BMO Stadium |url=https://www.thesportingtribune.com/2025/05/24/racinglouisville-angelcity-photos |access-date=May 25, 2025 |website=The Sporting Tribune |language=en}}</ref> On July 26, 2025, Thompson score ein first professional hat-trick, insyd a friendly against Carolina Ascent FC at BMO Stadium.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 26, 2025 |title=Angel City Football Club Notches 4–2 Victory over USL Super League Club Carolina Ascent FC at BMO Stadium |url=https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/angel-city-football-club-notches-4-2-victory-over-usl-super-league-club-carolina-ascent-fc-at-bmo-stadium/n-6260753 |access-date=August 3, 2025 |website=OurSports Central |language=en}}</ref> === Chelsea === Insyd September 2025, Thompson enter into talks plus English club Chelsea regarding a potential transfer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=September 1, 2025 |title=Chelsea in talks with Angel City over USA forward Alyssa Thompson |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c9393pvknd0o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> On September 5, 2025, na e be officially announced say Chelsea sign am for a club record fee of just under £1m from Angel City, wey de club unveil am to fans at Stamford Bridge prior to dema first WSL match of de season against Manchester City on de same day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=September 5, 2025 |title=Chelsea sign USA's Thompson for club record fee |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cvgnl4gr2dgo |website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=September 6, 2025 |title=Sonia Bompastor on Alyssa Thompson: 'She will have a big impact!' |url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/article/sonia-bompastor-on-alyssa-thompson-she-will-have-a-big-impact |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250915085119/https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/article/sonia-bompastor-on-alyssa-thompson-she-will-have-a-big-impact |archive-date=September 15, 2025 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=Chelsea F.C.}}</ref> Thompson make ein debut give Chelsea on September 14 during a 3–1 WSL victory against Aston Villa.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Salley |first1=Emily |date=September 14, 2025 |title=Aston Villa 1–3 Chelsea: Sam Kerr scores on return as defending champions win |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c99gxz3jjdlt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250915083507/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c99gxz3jjdlt |archive-date=September 15, 2025 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> She score ein first goal give de club on October 15, insyd de Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 15, 2025 |title=Chelsea 2–1 Paris FC: Alyssa Thompson 'a real bright spark' but best 'is still to come' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cx2lmzmmgvzo |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> On March 15, 2026, Thompson win ein first trophy plus Chelsea after starting insyd de 2025–26 FA Women's League Cup final insyd wich she help ein team beat Manchester United 2–0 at Ashton Gate.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=March 15, 2026 |title=Chelsea 2–0 Manchester United |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cx24ml4d1l2t |access-date=March 15, 2026 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> == International career == [[File:Alyssa_Thompson_USWNT_v_Colombia_Mar_7_2026-181.jpg|right|thumb|Thompson insyd 2026]] Thompson represent de United States on de United States senior national team as well as de under-20 national team. Insyd 2022, she help lead de under-20 national team to win gold at de 2022 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship, playing insyd five matches den scoring three goals.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2021 |title=Stats |url=https://www.concacaf.com/en/under-20s-women/stats/ |website=Concacaf}}</ref> At de 2022 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup insyd Costa Rica, she play insyd three matches wey she score one goal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Unity is strength for ambitious USA |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/usa-ghana-fifa-u20-womens-world-cup-2022-jaedyn-shaw-tracey-kevins |access-date=July 16, 2023 |website=[[FIFA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sondheimer |first=Eric |date=March 27, 2022 |title=Harvard-Westlake's Alyssa Thompson speeds back to class and track team |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2022-03-27/harvard-westlake-alyssa-thompson-back-to-class-track-soccer |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Thompson be called up to de senior national team insyd September 2022 wey na she be de youngest player since [[Sophia Smith (soccer, born 2000)|Sophia Smith]] insyd 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Laase |first=Eden |date=September 29, 2022 |title=Teen star Alyssa Thompson earns her first USWNT call-up |url=https://justwomenssports.com/uswnt-roster-alyssa-thompson-call-up-teenager/ |website=Just Women's Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Henry |first=Larry, Jr. |date=October 1, 2022 |title=Andonovski on Alyssa Thompson's first USWNT call-up: "She will fit in our system" – SBI Soccer |url=https://sbisoccer.com/2022/10/andonovski-on-alyssa-thompsons-first-uswnt-call-up-she-will-fit-in-our-system |website=sbisoccer.com}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|last=Ingemi|first=Marisa|date=September 29, 2022|title=Stanford commit Alyssa Thompson is USWNT's youngest call-up in 5 years|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/article/Stanford-commit-Alyssa-Thompson-is-USWNT-s-17476623.php|website=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref> On October 7, 2022, she make ein senior national team debut at Wembley Stadium during a friendly against England in front of 90,000 fans.<ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/alyssa-thompson-is-already-breaking-barriers-before-her-first-nwsl-pro-game-with-angel-city-fc/|title=Alyssa Thompson is already breaking barriers before her first NWSL pro game with Angel City FC|date=January 20, 2023|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[CBS Sports]]|first=Sandra|last=Herrera}}</ref> On April 9, 2023, Thompson be called up to de senior team to replace an injured [[Mallory Swanson]] insyd a friendly dem schedule for April 11 against Ireland.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailynews.com/2023/04/09/angel-city-fcs-alyssa-thompson-to-join-uswnt-for-ireland-game/|title=Angel City FC's Alyssa Thompson to join USWNT for Ireland game|date=April 9, 2023|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|first=Damian|last=Calhoun}}</ref> Insyd June of de same year, she be named to de U.S. squad for de 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup insyd Australia den New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sanders|first=Emma|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/65978315|title=Women's World Cup 2023: Morgan and Rapinoe named in USA World Cup squad|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> She make ein debut during de team ein first group stage match, a 3–0 win against Vietnam.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 21, 2023 |title=Women's World Cup 2023 highlights: USWNT tops Vietnam, 3–0 |url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/soccer/world-cup-2023-top-plays-united-states-vietnam |access-date=July 24, 2023 |work=Fox Sports}}</ref> Thompson record ein first assist for de senior national team on October 29, 2023, setting up [[Jaedyn Shaw]] ein goal insyd a 3–0 win insyd a friendly against Colombia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USWNT vs. Colombia: Score, Highlights & Match Recap {{!}} U.S. Soccer Official Website |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/10/uswnt-vs-colombia-10-29-23-score-highlights-match-recap-goals-stats |access-date=September 7, 2024 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> After missing de 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup secof a minor back injury,<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 7, 2024 |title=USWNT forward Thompson misses W Gold Cup with back injury |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/2024/02/07/uswnt-alyssa-thompson-back-injury-w-gold-cup/ |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=Pro Soccer Wire |language=en-US}}</ref> Thompson be called back into de national team insyd October 2024 for de teams Olympic gold medal victory tour. Insyd wat be ein tenth cap, Thompson score ein first international goal against Iceland, de first goal insyd de match to secure a 3–1 victory.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Kari |date=October 25, 2024 |title=Watch USWNT forward Alyssa Thompson score her first international goal off a stunning finish |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/watch-uswnt-forward-alyssa-thompson-score-her-first-international-goal-off-a-stunning-finish-155130405.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=Yahoo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> On February 11, 2025, Thompson be called up for de 2025 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hayes Names 23-Player USWNT Roster for 2025 SheBelieves Cup, Presented by Visa |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/02/us-womens-national-team-roster-players-2025-shebelieves-cup |access-date=February 27, 2025 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> She be called up alongside ein younger sisto Gisele for de first time, wich mark de third time sistos be called up to de same roster on de US senior team.On February 20, 2025, Alyssa start de second SheBelieves Cup match against Australia alongside ein sisto, wey na dem cam be de second pair of sistos to play give de national team insyd de same match.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tolmich |first=Ryan |date=February 24, 2025 |title=USWNT player ratings vs Australia: Ever-reliable Lynn Biyendolo an agent of change as Emma Hayes completely turns over starting XI in SheBelieves Cup triumph {{!}} Goal.com US |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/lists/uswnt-australia-player-ratings-shebelieves-cup/blt304087f1e01490b3 |access-date=February 27, 2025 |website=www.goal.com |language=en-US}}</ref> On March 7, 2026, Thompson score an 82nd minute winning goal vs Colombia to earn ein country a 1–0 victory wich help de USWNT win de SheBelieves Cup for de eighth time overall wey na dem name am Most Valuable Player of de tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2026 Shebelieves Cup USWNT vs Columbia result |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/03/uswnt/us-womens-national-team-defeat-colombia-1-0-on-late-goal-from-alyssa-thompson-to-win-its-eighth-shebelieves-cup |access-date=March 7, 2026 |work=U.S. Soccer}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Griffin|first=Tamerra|date=2026-03-08|title=Alyssa Thompson's goal secures USWNT's eighth SheBelieves Cup victory|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7097680/2026/03/07/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-shebelieves-cup-victory/|access-date=2026-05-08|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Playing style == Insyd July 2023 de BBC say dat ein "pace den tenacity be stand-out features".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Johnston|first=Neil|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66286563|title=Women's World Cup 2023: The rise of United States teenage forward Alyssa Thompson|date=July 26, 2023|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Personal life == Thompson be of African-American, Filipino den Peruvian descent.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cauich |first=Eduard |date=July 17, 2023 |title=Madre de mundialista Alyssa Thompson, recalca las raíces peruanas y sacrificios de su hija |url=https://www.latimes.com/espanol/deportes/articulo/2023-07-17/madre-de-mundialista-alyssa-thompson-recalca-las-raices-peruanas-y-sacrificios-de-su-hija |website=Los Angeles Times |language=es-us}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Davies|first1=Amanda|author-link1=Amanda Davies|last2=Howorth|first2=Alasdair|title=High schooler by day, professional soccer player by night: Alyssa Thompson is doing it all|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/02/25/football/alyssa-thompson-nwsl-draft-world-cup-spt-intl/index.html|access-date=February 26, 2023|work=CNN|date=February 25, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2022 |title=Alyssa Thompson: Futbolista de madre peruana debutó con la selección de Estados Unidos |url=https://www.americatv.com.pe/deportes/futbol-mundial/alyssa-thompson-futbolista-madre-peruana-debuto-seleccion-estados-unidos-n430440 |website=americadeportes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Líbero |first=Redacción |date=October 10, 2022 |title=Pudo defender a Perú pero acaba de debutar en la selección absoluta de Estados Unidos |url=https://libero.pe/futbol-internacional/2022/10/09/alyssa-thompson-era-seleccionable-peru-pero-acaba-debutar-otra-seleccion-nivel-mayores-83331 |website=libero.pe}}</ref> Ein parents be Mario den Karen<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson {{!}} USWNT {{!}} U.S. Soccer Official Site |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/players/t/alyssa-thompson |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> wey she get two younger sistos, [[Gisele Thompson|Gisele]] den Zoe.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last=Sondheimer |first=Eric |date=September 11, 2020 |title=Thompson sisters are rising soccer stars with an eye on Stanford |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2020-09-11/thompson-sisters-soccer-stars-heading-to-stanford |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> Gisele dey play give Angel City FC.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Baxter|first1=Kevin|title=Teen Gisele Thompson, sister of Alyssa Thompson, signs three-year deal with Angel City|url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2023-12-07/angel-city-signs-alyssa-thompsons-sister|access-date=December 9, 2023|work=Los Angeles Times|date=December 7, 2023}}</ref> Thompson sanso dey run track, den insyd April 2022, she run 100m insyd 11.74 seconds, wich be de second fastest 100m sprint insyd 2022 up to dat date insyd California.<ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Sondheimer|first=Eric|url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2022-04-28/soccer-star-alyssa-thompson-runs-second-fastest-100-meters-in-california|title=Soccer star Alyssa Thompson runs second fastest 100 meters in California|date=April 29, 2022|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=April 10, 2023}}</ref> === Endorsements === Insyd May 2022, Thompson den ein sisto Gisele sign a name, image, and likeness deal plus Nike at ages 17 den 16 respectively, becoming de first high school athletes to do so.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nike signs sister soccer players to company's first high school name, image and likeness deal|url=https://www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/33933056/nike-inc-signs-sister-soccer-players-company-first-high-school-name-image-likeness-deal|work=[[ESPN]]|date=May 17, 2022|access-date=August 9, 2023|first=Tom|last=VanHaaren}}</ref> Insyd July 2023, she appear insyd a commercial give Volkswagen.<ref>{{cite web |title=Volkswagen Atlas Cross Sport TV Spot, 'The Juggle' Ft. Alyssa Thompson, Emily Fox, Andi Sullivan |url=https://www.ispot.tv/ad/1cw1/volkswagen-atlas-cross-sport-the-juggle-ft-alyssa-thompson-emily-fox-andi-sullivan-spanish-t |access-date=July 28, 2023 |publisher=ispot.tv}}</ref> === Television den film === Thompson be featured insyd episode 3 of de documentary series ''Angel City'' insyd 2023.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |title=Alyssa Paola Thompson |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm14684744/?ref_=fn_al_nm_3 |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=IMDB}}</ref> Thompson appear insyd de Netflix documentary series, ''Under Pressure: The U.S. Women's World Cup Team'', wich follow de U.S. women's national team as dem compete insyd de 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflix Will Shoot the US Women's Soccer Team's Upcoming World Cup Journey |url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/us-womens-soccer-world-cup-series-new |access-date=July 17, 2023 |website=Netflix Tudum |language=en}}</ref> She sanso appear alongside ein sisto Gisele as cameos insyd de Netflix film ''Family Switch''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=All the Freaky References Going On in 'Family Switch' |url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/family-switch-references-easter-eggs |website=Netflix Tudum}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == ph91etsye4bc34dyja7ie6z1go7l1mw 110123 110122 2026-08-18T14:43:04Z DaSupremo 9 /* Career statistics */ Improve article 110123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alyssa Paola Thompson''' (born November 7, 2004) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a forward give Women's Super League club Chelsea den de United States women's national team. She be named de national Gatorade Player of de Year insyd 2021. She be selected first overall insyd de 2023 NWSL Draft by Angel City while insyd high school. == Early life == Dem raise am insyd Studio City, California insyd de Los Angeles area, Alyssa attend The Wesley School insyd North Hollywood. At age 8, she race against de fastest boy at de school wey she win.<ref name="latimes-071823">{{cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=July 18, 2023 |title=How family and determination forged teenager Alyssa Thompson's World Cup talent |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/story/2023-07-18/alyssa-thompson-world-cup-teenage-star-uswnt |access-date=July 24, 2023 |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Thompson ein parents Karen den Mario<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson {{!}} USWNT {{!}} U.S. Soccer Official Site |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/players/t/alyssa-thompson |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> sign Alyssa den ein sisto [[Gisele Thompson|Gisele]] up to Total Futbol Academy (TFA) insyd 2013, wen na Alyssa Thompson dey 9 years old, for dem to compete on boys' teams. After two years, dem transfer to Elite Clubs National League club Real So Cal, wer na dem play til de [[COVID-19]] pandemic.<ref name="si">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2023/03/22/alyssa-thompson-nwsl-angel-city-fc-daily-cover|title=Angel City FC's Alyssa Thompson Set a New Standard for Girls in Soccer|date=March 22, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham}}</ref><ref name="mls">{{cite news|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/mlsnext/news/alyssa-and-gisele-thompson-s-unconventional-path-to-uswnt-success-via-mls-next|title=Alyssa and Gisele Thompson's unusual path to USWNT success via MLS NEXT|date=November 10, 2022|access-date=April 10, 2023|publisher=[[Major League Soccer]]|first=Travis|last=Clark}}</ref> By de age of 13, na Thompson dey play plus players four years older dan am.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> Thompson return to TFA insyd 2020 wey she play give ein under-19 team insyd de MLS Next league at de age of 17, wey na she be de only female player insyd de league.<ref name="auto1" /><ref name="si" /><ref name="mls" /><ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref> Thompson attend den play give Harvard-Westlake School during ein freshman den sophomore years of high school<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2021-05-18/alyssa-thompson-of-harvard-westlake-scores-six-goals|title=Roundup: Harvard-Westlake's Alyssa Thompson scores six goals in 6–3 Division 1 playoff win|date=May 19, 2021|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> wey she score 48 goals insyd 18 games.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref> National team den club soccer prevent am from playing during ein junior season. She be drafted to professional play as a high school senior.<ref name="espn-draft" /><ref name="ladn-hw">{{cite news|url=https://www.dailynews.com/2023/02/22/no-alyssa-thompson-no-problem-harvard-westlake-girls-soccer-is-back-in-cif-final/|title=No Alyssa Thompson, no problem: Harvard-Westlake girls soccer back in CIF-SS final|date=February 22, 2023|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|first=Haley|last=Sawyer}}</ref> Thompson be named Gatorade Player of de Year insyd April 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sondheimer |first=Eric |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Harvard-Westlake's Alyssa Thompson named Gatorade girls' soccer national player of the year |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2021-06-17/alyssa-thompson-harvard-westlake-gatorade-girls-soccer-player-of-year |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> == Club career == Insyd 2020, at de age of 15, Thompson verbally commit to joining de Cardinal of Stanford University starting insyd de 2023 season.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref name="si">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2023/03/22/alyssa-thompson-nwsl-angel-city-fc-daily-cover|title=Angel City FC's Alyssa Thompson Set a New Standard for Girls in Soccer|date=March 22, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham}}</ref><ref name="mls">{{cite news|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/mlsnext/news/alyssa-and-gisele-thompson-s-unconventional-path-to-uswnt-success-via-mls-next|title=Alyssa and Gisele Thompson's unusual path to USWNT success via MLS NEXT|date=November 10, 2022|access-date=April 10, 2023|publisher=[[Major League Soccer]]|first=Travis|last=Clark}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|last=Ingemi|first=Marisa|date=September 29, 2022|title=Stanford commit Alyssa Thompson is USWNT's youngest call-up in 5 years|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/article/Stanford-commit-Alyssa-Thompson-is-USWNT-s-17476623.php|website=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last=Sondheimer |first=Eric |date=September 11, 2020 |title=Thompson sisters are rising soccer stars with an eye on Stanford |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2020-09-11/thompson-sisters-soccer-stars-heading-to-stanford |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> However, she later decommit to enter de 2023 NWSL Draft.<ref name="si" /><ref name="mls" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ingemi|first=Marisa|date=January 6, 2023|title=Stanford recruit Alyssa Thompson decommits, will go No. 1 in NWSL draft|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/college/article/Stanford-recruit-Alyssa-Thompson-decommits-will-17700066.php|access-date=March 27, 2023}}</ref> === Angel City === On January 12, 2023, Angel City FC select Thompson as de first overall pick insyd de 2023 NWSL Draft.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Yang|first=Steph|date=January 12, 2023|title=NWSL draft live: Alyssa Thompson goes No. 1; Three FSU players taken in first round|work=[[The Athletic]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/live-blogs/nwsl-draft-2023-picks-trades/ExFEl5GCls90/|access-date=January 12, 2023}}</ref><ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref><ref name="ladn-hw">{{cite news|url=https://www.dailynews.com/2023/02/22/no-alyssa-thompson-no-problem-harvard-westlake-girls-soccer-is-back-in-cif-final/|title=No Alyssa Thompson, no problem: Harvard-Westlake girls soccer back in CIF-SS final|date=February 22, 2023|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|first=Haley|last=Sawyer}}</ref> As part of a three-team trade, Angel City send a total of $450,000 to Portland Thorns den Gotham FC to secure de No. 1 pick.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Watkins |first=Claire |date=January 13, 2013 |title=Angel City banking on culture to help Alyssa Thompson thrive |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/alyssa-thompson-angel-city-nwsl-draft-christen-press/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> At de time, dis trade make Thompson "essentially de most expensive player insyd league history," wich na e be a record previously set by [[Alex Morgan]].<ref name="yahoo-011213">{{Cite web |last=Baer |first=Jack |date=January 12, 2013 |title=NWSL Draft: Angel City makes Alyssa Thompson the 1st HS player taken No. 1 overall |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/nwsl-draft-angel-city-makes-alyssa-thompson-the-1st-hs-player-taken-no-1-overall-003043564.html |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Yahoo! Sports}}</ref> Thompson sign a three-year deal plus de club.<ref name="yahoo-011213" /> While still attending ein senior year of high school at Harvard-Westlake,<ref name="ocregister-051223">{{Cite web |last=Calhoun |first=Damian |date=May 12, 2023 |title=Alyssa Thompson balancing school and soccer as rookie for Angel City FC |url=https://www.ocregister.com/2023/05/12/alyssa-thompson-balancing-school-and-soccer-as-rookie-for-angel-city-fc/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Orange County Register}}</ref><ref name="latimes-042223">{{Cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=April 22, 2023 |title=Angel City's Alyssa Thompson at the forefront of change in U.S. women's soccer |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2023-04-22/angel-city-star-alyssa-thompson-us-soccer-development |access-date=June 24, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Thompson score five minutes into ein professional debut plus Angel City FC, insyd a friendly match against Club América of Liga MX Femenil.<ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref> Thompson score a goal 11 minutes into ein NWSL regular-season debut on March 26, 2023, insyd a 1–2 loss against NJ/NY Gotham FC.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bushnell|first=Henry|date=March 26, 2023|title=Alyssa Thompson, the future of USWNT, explodes onto NWSL scene with golazo in debut|publisher=[[Yahoo! Sports]]|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/alyssa-thompson-goal-nwsl-debut-angel-city-031206736.html|access-date=March 27, 2023}}</ref> On April 11, she score de game-opener against Portland Thorns FC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sepich |first=Scott |date=April 29, 2023 |title=Goalkeeper Bella Bixby's goal rescues 3–3 draw for Portland Thorns in wild finish |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/portland-thorns/2023/04/goalkeeper-bella-bixbys-goal-rescues-3-3-draw-for-portland-thorns-in-wild-finish.html |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=The Oregonian}}</ref> She be named NWSL Rookie of de Month for ein performance during March–April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 9, 2023 |title=Teenage USWNT prospect Alyssa Thompson dazzles in rookie NWSL campaign |url=https://www.soccerwire.com/news/teenage-uswnt-prospect-alyssa-thompson-dazzles-in-rookie-nwsl-campaign/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=SoccerWire}}</ref> Thompson ein third regular season goal be de opening goal insyd de team ein 3–2 win against Kansas City Current.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vertelney |first=Seth |date=May 8, 2023 |title=Angel City's wonderteen Alyssa Thompson only scores bangers |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/2023/05/08/uswnt-alyssa-thompson-scores-again-angel-city-nwsl/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=[[USA Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hruby |first=Emma |date=May 6, 2023 |title=Watch: Alyssa Thompson scores golazo for Angel City FC |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/alyssa-thompson-goal-angel-city-fc/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> On June 5, she provide de assist for [[Sydney Leroux]] ein first goal den game of de season (after returning from an ankle injury insyd de previous season).<ref>{{Cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=June 5, 2023 |title=Sydney Leroux scores in season debut, but Angel City comes up short against Red Stars |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2023-06-05/angel-city-chicago-red-stars-nwsl-game-recap |access-date=June 24, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> Thompson fini ein first season for Angel City plus four goals den two assists insyd regular-season games on de way to de clubs first playoffs appearance, wey na dem sanso name am as one of de nominees for Rookie of de Year at de conclusion of de season.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2023 |title=National Women's Soccer League Official Site {{!}} NWSL |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/2023-nwsl-end-of-year-awards-rookie-of-the-year-presented-by-ally-finalists |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=www.nwslsoccer.com}}</ref> [[File:Alyssa_Thompson_2024-01_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Thompson dey play give Angel City insyd 2024]] On May 3, 2024, insyd Angel City ein first game against de Utah Royals, Thompson make ein third assist of de season, wey she cam be de youngest player insyd NWSL history den de first player for Angel City to record assists insyd three consecutive matches.<ref>{{Cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=May 4, 2024 |title=Sydney Leroux and Claire Emslie score to power Angel City past Utah |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2024-05-03/sydney-leroux-claire-emslie-angel-city-utah |access-date=May 6, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> On May 18, 2024, insyd an away match against Washington Spirit, Thompson start alongside ein younger sisto [[Gisele Thompson|Gisele]], wich mark de first time insyd NWSL history wey two sistos be named to de starting lineup of de same team.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Women's Soccer League Official Site {{!}} NWSL |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/ |access-date=May 20, 2024 |website=www.nwslsoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> Thompson convert ein first penalty kick give Angel City on August 1, 2024, insyd a shootout against San Diego Wave FC during de 2024 NWSL x Liga MX Femenil Summer Cup to ensure a spot insyd de knockout stage of de tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2, 2024 |title=Angel City Advances to Summer Cup Semifinal Following Penalty Shootout {{!}} 8.1.24 |url=https://angelcity.com/angel-city-football-club-news/angel-city-advances-to-summer-cup-semifinal-following-penalty-shootout-8.1.24 |access-date=August 21, 2024 |website=angelcity.com |language=en}}</ref> Thompson sanso converet ein first non-shootout penalty for Angel City a few weeks later insyd a friendly against Liga MX Femenil team FC Juárez on August 18, 2024, ein first goal of de 2024 season.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Calhoun |first=Damian |date=August 19, 2024 |title=Messiah Bright scores a hat trick as Angel City routs FC Juarez in exhibition |url=https://www.dailynews.com/2024/08/18/messiah-bright-scores-a-hat-trick-as-angel-city-routs-fc-juarez-in-friendly/ |access-date=August 21, 2024 |website=Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref> Thompson score ein first career brace den ein first regular-season goals of de 2024 season on August 24, 2024, insyd an away match against San Diego Wave FC to secure a 1–2 victory. Thompson cam be de second teenager after [[Mallory Swanson]] to score multiple goals insyd a regular-season NWSL match.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=August 24, 2024 |title=Alyssa Thompson scores twice as Angel City defeats San Diego to end losing streak |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2024-08-24/alyssa-thompson-scores-angel-city-san-diego-wave |access-date=August 25, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> On September 6, 2024, Thompson be named to de NWSL Team of de Month for de first time for de month of August 2024, playing insyd three games thru out August, Thompson register 11 tackles won den six shots, three on target.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=NWSL |date=September 6, 2024 |title=NWSL Announces August Best XI of the Month, Presented by Amazon Prime {{!}} National Women's Soccer League Official Site |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-august-best-xi-of-the-month-presented-by-amazon-prime |access-date=September 6, 2024 |website=NWSL |language=en}}</ref> Thompson notch three goals den one assist thru out September to make de Best XI insyd back-to-back months.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=NWSL |date=October 4, 2024 |title=NWSL Announces September Best XI of the Month, presented by Amazon Prime {{!}} NWSL Announces September Best XI of the Month, presented by Amazon Prime {{!}} National Women's Soccer League Official Site |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-september-best-xi-of-the-month-presented-by-amazon-prime |access-date=October 4, 2024 |website=NWSL |language=en}}</ref> Thompson conclude ein sophomore season plus a record of 5 goals den 7 assists, securing de second-highest assist total insyd de league, while sanso dey lead Angel City FC insyd total goal contributions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson Stats, Goals, Records, Assists, Cups and more |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/2fcc0a10/Alyssa-Thompson |access-date=December 21, 2024 |website=FBref.com |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Alyssa_Thompson_2024-02.jpg|left|thumb|Thompson dey play give Angel City insyd 2024]] On January 29, 2025, ahead of de 2025 season, Angel City announce say dem sign a contract extension plus Thompson, keeping am den ein sisto at de club til 2028.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=January 29, 2025 |title=Angel City extends contracts with forward Alyssa Thompson and defender Gisele Thompson |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2025-01-29/angel-city-extends-contracts-alyssa-giselle-thompson |access-date=January 29, 2025 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> On April 12, 2025, Thompson make ein 50th-regular season appearance insyd de NWSL, wey she contribute an assist den a goal insyd a 3–1 victory against de Houston Dash, wey she sanso cam be de second-youngest player to reach 10 goals den 10 assists insyd de NWSL.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff and wire reports |date=April 13, 2025 |title=Angel City gets a road victory against the Dash |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2025-04-12/angel-city-gets-a-road-victory-against-houston-dash |access-date=April 13, 2025 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> On May 2, 2025, Thompson assist ein sisto ein first NWSL goal insyd a 4–3 victory against Washington Spirit, wey dem cam be de first sistos to combine for a goal insyd de NWSL.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vertelney |first=Seth |title=Thompson sisters make historic connection for Gisele's first NWSL goal |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/story/sports/nwsl/2025/05/02/alyssa-thompson-assists-sister-gisele-first-nwsl-goal/83420902007/ |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pro Soccer Wire |language=en-US}}</ref> On May 24, 2025, Thompson convert ein penalty kick against Racing Louisville FC, to score de 100th regular-season goal insyd Angel City ein history, den plus ein goal she cam be de all-time leading regular-season goal scorer give Angel City, ultimately de match end as a 2–3 defeat. Na de goal sanso be Thompson ein 25th goal contribution insyd de NWSL regular season, wey e make am de youngest player to reach de milestone.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 25, 2025 |title=TST Images: Racing Louisville FC defeats Angel City FC, 3–2 at BMO Stadium |url=https://www.thesportingtribune.com/2025/05/24/racinglouisville-angelcity-photos |access-date=May 25, 2025 |website=The Sporting Tribune |language=en}}</ref> On July 26, 2025, Thompson score ein first professional hat-trick, insyd a friendly against Carolina Ascent FC at BMO Stadium.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 26, 2025 |title=Angel City Football Club Notches 4–2 Victory over USL Super League Club Carolina Ascent FC at BMO Stadium |url=https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/angel-city-football-club-notches-4-2-victory-over-usl-super-league-club-carolina-ascent-fc-at-bmo-stadium/n-6260753 |access-date=August 3, 2025 |website=OurSports Central |language=en}}</ref> === Chelsea === Insyd September 2025, Thompson enter into talks plus English club Chelsea regarding a potential transfer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=September 1, 2025 |title=Chelsea in talks with Angel City over USA forward Alyssa Thompson |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c9393pvknd0o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> On September 5, 2025, na e be officially announced say Chelsea sign am for a club record fee of just under £1m from Angel City, wey de club unveil am to fans at Stamford Bridge prior to dema first WSL match of de season against Manchester City on de same day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=September 5, 2025 |title=Chelsea sign USA's Thompson for club record fee |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cvgnl4gr2dgo |website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=September 6, 2025 |title=Sonia Bompastor on Alyssa Thompson: 'She will have a big impact!' |url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/article/sonia-bompastor-on-alyssa-thompson-she-will-have-a-big-impact |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250915085119/https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/article/sonia-bompastor-on-alyssa-thompson-she-will-have-a-big-impact |archive-date=September 15, 2025 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=Chelsea F.C.}}</ref> Thompson make ein debut give Chelsea on September 14 during a 3–1 WSL victory against Aston Villa.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Salley |first1=Emily |date=September 14, 2025 |title=Aston Villa 1–3 Chelsea: Sam Kerr scores on return as defending champions win |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c99gxz3jjdlt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250915083507/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c99gxz3jjdlt |archive-date=September 15, 2025 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> She score ein first goal give de club on October 15, insyd de Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 15, 2025 |title=Chelsea 2–1 Paris FC: Alyssa Thompson 'a real bright spark' but best 'is still to come' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cx2lmzmmgvzo |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> On March 15, 2026, Thompson win ein first trophy plus Chelsea after starting insyd de 2025–26 FA Women's League Cup final insyd wich she help ein team beat Manchester United 2–0 at Ashton Gate.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=March 15, 2026 |title=Chelsea 2–0 Manchester United |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cx24ml4d1l2t |access-date=March 15, 2026 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> == International career == [[File:Alyssa_Thompson_USWNT_v_Colombia_Mar_7_2026-181.jpg|right|thumb|Thompson insyd 2026]] Thompson represent de United States on de United States senior national team as well as de under-20 national team. Insyd 2022, she help lead de under-20 national team to win gold at de 2022 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship, playing insyd five matches den scoring three goals.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2021 |title=Stats |url=https://www.concacaf.com/en/under-20s-women/stats/ |website=Concacaf}}</ref> At de 2022 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup insyd Costa Rica, she play insyd three matches wey she score one goal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Unity is strength for ambitious USA |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/usa-ghana-fifa-u20-womens-world-cup-2022-jaedyn-shaw-tracey-kevins |access-date=July 16, 2023 |website=[[FIFA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sondheimer |first=Eric |date=March 27, 2022 |title=Harvard-Westlake's Alyssa Thompson speeds back to class and track team |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2022-03-27/harvard-westlake-alyssa-thompson-back-to-class-track-soccer |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Thompson be called up to de senior national team insyd September 2022 wey na she be de youngest player since [[Sophia Smith (soccer, born 2000)|Sophia Smith]] insyd 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Laase |first=Eden |date=September 29, 2022 |title=Teen star Alyssa Thompson earns her first USWNT call-up |url=https://justwomenssports.com/uswnt-roster-alyssa-thompson-call-up-teenager/ |website=Just Women's Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Henry |first=Larry, Jr. |date=October 1, 2022 |title=Andonovski on Alyssa Thompson's first USWNT call-up: "She will fit in our system" – SBI Soccer |url=https://sbisoccer.com/2022/10/andonovski-on-alyssa-thompsons-first-uswnt-call-up-she-will-fit-in-our-system |website=sbisoccer.com}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|last=Ingemi|first=Marisa|date=September 29, 2022|title=Stanford commit Alyssa Thompson is USWNT's youngest call-up in 5 years|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/article/Stanford-commit-Alyssa-Thompson-is-USWNT-s-17476623.php|website=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref> On October 7, 2022, she make ein senior national team debut at Wembley Stadium during a friendly against England in front of 90,000 fans.<ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/alyssa-thompson-is-already-breaking-barriers-before-her-first-nwsl-pro-game-with-angel-city-fc/|title=Alyssa Thompson is already breaking barriers before her first NWSL pro game with Angel City FC|date=January 20, 2023|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[CBS Sports]]|first=Sandra|last=Herrera}}</ref> On April 9, 2023, Thompson be called up to de senior team to replace an injured [[Mallory Swanson]] insyd a friendly dem schedule for April 11 against Ireland.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailynews.com/2023/04/09/angel-city-fcs-alyssa-thompson-to-join-uswnt-for-ireland-game/|title=Angel City FC's Alyssa Thompson to join USWNT for Ireland game|date=April 9, 2023|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|first=Damian|last=Calhoun}}</ref> Insyd June of de same year, she be named to de U.S. squad for de 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup insyd Australia den New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sanders|first=Emma|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/65978315|title=Women's World Cup 2023: Morgan and Rapinoe named in USA World Cup squad|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> She make ein debut during de team ein first group stage match, a 3–0 win against Vietnam.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 21, 2023 |title=Women's World Cup 2023 highlights: USWNT tops Vietnam, 3–0 |url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/soccer/world-cup-2023-top-plays-united-states-vietnam |access-date=July 24, 2023 |work=Fox Sports}}</ref> Thompson record ein first assist for de senior national team on October 29, 2023, setting up [[Jaedyn Shaw]] ein goal insyd a 3–0 win insyd a friendly against Colombia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USWNT vs. Colombia: Score, Highlights & Match Recap {{!}} U.S. Soccer Official Website |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/10/uswnt-vs-colombia-10-29-23-score-highlights-match-recap-goals-stats |access-date=September 7, 2024 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> After missing de 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup secof a minor back injury,<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 7, 2024 |title=USWNT forward Thompson misses W Gold Cup with back injury |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/2024/02/07/uswnt-alyssa-thompson-back-injury-w-gold-cup/ |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=Pro Soccer Wire |language=en-US}}</ref> Thompson be called back into de national team insyd October 2024 for de teams Olympic gold medal victory tour. Insyd wat be ein tenth cap, Thompson score ein first international goal against Iceland, de first goal insyd de match to secure a 3–1 victory.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Kari |date=October 25, 2024 |title=Watch USWNT forward Alyssa Thompson score her first international goal off a stunning finish |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/watch-uswnt-forward-alyssa-thompson-score-her-first-international-goal-off-a-stunning-finish-155130405.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=Yahoo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> On February 11, 2025, Thompson be called up for de 2025 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hayes Names 23-Player USWNT Roster for 2025 SheBelieves Cup, Presented by Visa |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/02/us-womens-national-team-roster-players-2025-shebelieves-cup |access-date=February 27, 2025 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> She be called up alongside ein younger sisto Gisele for de first time, wich mark de third time sistos be called up to de same roster on de US senior team.On February 20, 2025, Alyssa start de second SheBelieves Cup match against Australia alongside ein sisto, wey na dem cam be de second pair of sistos to play give de national team insyd de same match.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tolmich |first=Ryan |date=February 24, 2025 |title=USWNT player ratings vs Australia: Ever-reliable Lynn Biyendolo an agent of change as Emma Hayes completely turns over starting XI in SheBelieves Cup triumph {{!}} Goal.com US |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/lists/uswnt-australia-player-ratings-shebelieves-cup/blt304087f1e01490b3 |access-date=February 27, 2025 |website=www.goal.com |language=en-US}}</ref> On March 7, 2026, Thompson score an 82nd minute winning goal vs Colombia to earn ein country a 1–0 victory wich help de USWNT win de SheBelieves Cup for de eighth time overall wey na dem name am Most Valuable Player of de tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2026 Shebelieves Cup USWNT vs Columbia result |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/03/uswnt/us-womens-national-team-defeat-colombia-1-0-on-late-goal-from-alyssa-thompson-to-win-its-eighth-shebelieves-cup |access-date=March 7, 2026 |work=U.S. Soccer}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Griffin|first=Tamerra|date=2026-03-08|title=Alyssa Thompson's goal secures USWNT's eighth SheBelieves Cup victory|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7097680/2026/03/07/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-shebelieves-cup-victory/|access-date=2026-05-08|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Playing style == Insyd July 2023 de BBC say dat ein "pace den tenacity be stand-out features".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Johnston|first=Neil|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66286563|title=Women's World Cup 2023: The rise of United States teenage forward Alyssa Thompson|date=July 26, 2023|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Personal life == Thompson be of African-American, Filipino den Peruvian descent.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cauich |first=Eduard |date=July 17, 2023 |title=Madre de mundialista Alyssa Thompson, recalca las raíces peruanas y sacrificios de su hija |url=https://www.latimes.com/espanol/deportes/articulo/2023-07-17/madre-de-mundialista-alyssa-thompson-recalca-las-raices-peruanas-y-sacrificios-de-su-hija |website=Los Angeles Times |language=es-us}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Davies|first1=Amanda|author-link1=Amanda Davies|last2=Howorth|first2=Alasdair|title=High schooler by day, professional soccer player by night: Alyssa Thompson is doing it all|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/02/25/football/alyssa-thompson-nwsl-draft-world-cup-spt-intl/index.html|access-date=February 26, 2023|work=CNN|date=February 25, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2022 |title=Alyssa Thompson: Futbolista de madre peruana debutó con la selección de Estados Unidos |url=https://www.americatv.com.pe/deportes/futbol-mundial/alyssa-thompson-futbolista-madre-peruana-debuto-seleccion-estados-unidos-n430440 |website=americadeportes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Líbero |first=Redacción |date=October 10, 2022 |title=Pudo defender a Perú pero acaba de debutar en la selección absoluta de Estados Unidos |url=https://libero.pe/futbol-internacional/2022/10/09/alyssa-thompson-era-seleccionable-peru-pero-acaba-debutar-otra-seleccion-nivel-mayores-83331 |website=libero.pe}}</ref> Ein parents be Mario den Karen<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson {{!}} USWNT {{!}} U.S. Soccer Official Site |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/players/t/alyssa-thompson |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> wey she get two younger sistos, [[Gisele Thompson|Gisele]] den Zoe.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last=Sondheimer |first=Eric |date=September 11, 2020 |title=Thompson sisters are rising soccer stars with an eye on Stanford |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2020-09-11/thompson-sisters-soccer-stars-heading-to-stanford |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> Gisele dey play give Angel City FC.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Baxter|first1=Kevin|title=Teen Gisele Thompson, sister of Alyssa Thompson, signs three-year deal with Angel City|url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2023-12-07/angel-city-signs-alyssa-thompsons-sister|access-date=December 9, 2023|work=Los Angeles Times|date=December 7, 2023}}</ref> Thompson sanso dey run track, den insyd April 2022, she run 100m insyd 11.74 seconds, wich be de second fastest 100m sprint insyd 2022 up to dat date insyd California.<ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Sondheimer|first=Eric|url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2022-04-28/soccer-star-alyssa-thompson-runs-second-fastest-100-meters-in-california|title=Soccer star Alyssa Thompson runs second fastest 100 meters in California|date=April 29, 2022|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=April 10, 2023}}</ref> === Endorsements === Insyd May 2022, Thompson den ein sisto Gisele sign a name, image, and likeness deal plus Nike at ages 17 den 16 respectively, becoming de first high school athletes to do so.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nike signs sister soccer players to company's first high school name, image and likeness deal|url=https://www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/33933056/nike-inc-signs-sister-soccer-players-company-first-high-school-name-image-likeness-deal|work=[[ESPN]]|date=May 17, 2022|access-date=August 9, 2023|first=Tom|last=VanHaaren}}</ref> Insyd July 2023, she appear insyd a commercial give Volkswagen.<ref>{{cite web |title=Volkswagen Atlas Cross Sport TV Spot, 'The Juggle' Ft. Alyssa Thompson, Emily Fox, Andi Sullivan |url=https://www.ispot.tv/ad/1cw1/volkswagen-atlas-cross-sport-the-juggle-ft-alyssa-thompson-emily-fox-andi-sullivan-spanish-t |access-date=July 28, 2023 |publisher=ispot.tv}}</ref> === Television den film === Thompson be featured insyd episode 3 of de documentary series ''Angel City'' insyd 2023.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |title=Alyssa Paola Thompson |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm14684744/?ref_=fn_al_nm_3 |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=IMDB}}</ref> Thompson appear insyd de Netflix documentary series, ''Under Pressure: The U.S. Women's World Cup Team'', wich follow de U.S. women's national team as dem compete insyd de 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflix Will Shoot the US Women's Soccer Team's Upcoming World Cup Journey |url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/us-womens-soccer-world-cup-series-new |access-date=July 17, 2023 |website=Netflix Tudum |language=en}}</ref> She sanso appear alongside ein sisto Gisele as cameos insyd de Netflix film ''Family Switch''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=All the Freaky References Going On in 'Family Switch' |url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/family-switch-references-easter-eggs |website=Netflix Tudum}}</ref> ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {{updated|match played May 16, 2026}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/alyssa-thompson/634627/ |title=USA – A. Thompson |access-date=April 10, 2023 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances den goals by club, season den competition !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|National cup !colspan="2"|League cup !colspan="2"|Continental !colspan="2"|Oda !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="4"|[[Angel City FC]] |[[2023 Angel City FC season|2023]] |rowspan="3"|[[National Women's Soccer League|NWSL]] |20||4||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||1||0||23||4 |- |[[2024 Angel City FC season|2024]] |26||5||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||4||0||30||5 |- |[[2025 Angel City FC season|2025]] |16||6||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||16||6 |- !colspan="2"|Total !62!!15!!2!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!5!!0!!69!!15 |- |[[Chelsea F.C. Women|Chelsea]] |[[2025–26 Chelsea F.C. Women season|2025–26]] |[[Women's Super League]] |20||7||4||1||2||0||7||1||colspan="2" |—||33||9 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !82!!22!!6!!1!!2!!0!!7!!1!!5!!0!!102!!24 |} ===International=== {{updated|match played June 6, 2026}}<ref name = "US"/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances den goals by national team den year |- !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan=5|[[United States women's national soccer team|United States]] |[[2022 in American soccer#Women's|2022]]||2||0 |- |[[2023 in American soccer#Women's|2023]]||7||0 |- |[[2024 in American soccer#Women's|2024]]||4||1 |- |[[2025 in American soccer#Women's|2025]]||13||2 |- |[[2026 in American soccer#Women's|2026]]|| 6 || 1 |- !colspan=2 |Total!! 32 !! 4 |} :''Scores den results list United States ein goal tally first, score column dey indicate score after each Thompson goal.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ List of international goals wey Alyssa Thompson score |- !scope="col"|No. !scope="col"|Date !scope="col"|Venue !scope="col"|Opponent !scope="col"|Score !scope="col"|Result !scope="col"|Competition !scope="col" class="unsortable"|{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- |style="text-align:center"|1 |{{dts|2024–10–24}} |[[Q2 Stadium]], [[Austin, Texas]], United States |{{fbw|ISL}} |style="text-align:center"|1–0 |style="text-align:center"|3–1 | rowspan="3" |[[Friendly (association football)|Friendly]] |<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Women's National Team Downs Iceland 3–1 in First Match Following Olympic Gold |url=https://ussoccer.com/stories/2024/10/usa-vs-iceland-score-result-highlights-match-recap-oct-24 |access-date=September 6, 2025 |website=ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> |- | style="text-align: center;" |2 |June 26, 2025 |[[Dick's Sporting Goods Park]], [[Commerce City, Colorado]], United States |{{fbw|IRL}} |style="text-align:center"|4–0 |style="text-align:center"|4–0 |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Thompson lands 4th goal for USWNT against Ireland |url=https://www.nbcsports.com/watch/alyssa-thompson-lands-4th-goal-for-uswnt-against-ireland |access-date=September 6, 2025 |website=NBC Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | style="text-align: center;" |3 |June 29, 2025 |[[TQL Stadium]], [[Cincinnati|Cincinnati, Ohio]], United States |{{fbw|IRL}} | style="text-align:center" |4–0 |style="text-align:center"|4–0 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Women's National Team Defeats Ireland 4–0 to Reach 600 Wins in 40th Year of the USWNT Program |url=https://ussoccer.com/stories/2025/06/uswnt-lynn-biyendolo-ireland-alyssa-thompson |access-date=September 6, 2025 |website=ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> |- | style="text-align: center;" |4 |March 7, 2026 |[[Sports Illustrated Stadium]], [[Harrison, New Jersey]], United States |{{fbw|COL}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 |style="text-align:center"|1–0 |[[2026 SheBelieves Cup]] |<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Women's National Team Defeat Colombia 1–0 On Late Goal From Alyssa Thompson to Win Its Eighth SheBelieves Cup, Presented By Visa |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/03/uswnt/us-womens-national-team-defeat-colombia-1-0-on-late-goal-from-alyssa-thompson-to-win-its-eighth-shebelieves-cup |date=March 8, 2026 |access-date=March 8, 2026 |website=ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> |} == References == <references /> == External links == eboyk5m06esjno1cbeai7rwx4j5bgr8 110124 110123 2026-08-18T14:45:13Z DaSupremo 9 /* Honors den awards */ Improve article 110124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alyssa Paola Thompson''' (born November 7, 2004) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a forward give Women's Super League club Chelsea den de United States women's national team. She be named de national Gatorade Player of de Year insyd 2021. She be selected first overall insyd de 2023 NWSL Draft by Angel City while insyd high school. == Early life == Dem raise am insyd Studio City, California insyd de Los Angeles area, Alyssa attend The Wesley School insyd North Hollywood. At age 8, she race against de fastest boy at de school wey she win.<ref name="latimes-071823">{{cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=July 18, 2023 |title=How family and determination forged teenager Alyssa Thompson's World Cup talent |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/story/2023-07-18/alyssa-thompson-world-cup-teenage-star-uswnt |access-date=July 24, 2023 |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Thompson ein parents Karen den Mario<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson {{!}} USWNT {{!}} U.S. Soccer Official Site |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/players/t/alyssa-thompson |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> sign Alyssa den ein sisto [[Gisele Thompson|Gisele]] up to Total Futbol Academy (TFA) insyd 2013, wen na Alyssa Thompson dey 9 years old, for dem to compete on boys' teams. After two years, dem transfer to Elite Clubs National League club Real So Cal, wer na dem play til de [[COVID-19]] pandemic.<ref name="si">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2023/03/22/alyssa-thompson-nwsl-angel-city-fc-daily-cover|title=Angel City FC's Alyssa Thompson Set a New Standard for Girls in Soccer|date=March 22, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham}}</ref><ref name="mls">{{cite news|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/mlsnext/news/alyssa-and-gisele-thompson-s-unconventional-path-to-uswnt-success-via-mls-next|title=Alyssa and Gisele Thompson's unusual path to USWNT success via MLS NEXT|date=November 10, 2022|access-date=April 10, 2023|publisher=[[Major League Soccer]]|first=Travis|last=Clark}}</ref> By de age of 13, na Thompson dey play plus players four years older dan am.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> Thompson return to TFA insyd 2020 wey she play give ein under-19 team insyd de MLS Next league at de age of 17, wey na she be de only female player insyd de league.<ref name="auto1" /><ref name="si" /><ref name="mls" /><ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref> Thompson attend den play give Harvard-Westlake School during ein freshman den sophomore years of high school<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2021-05-18/alyssa-thompson-of-harvard-westlake-scores-six-goals|title=Roundup: Harvard-Westlake's Alyssa Thompson scores six goals in 6–3 Division 1 playoff win|date=May 19, 2021|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> wey she score 48 goals insyd 18 games.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref> National team den club soccer prevent am from playing during ein junior season. She be drafted to professional play as a high school senior.<ref name="espn-draft" /><ref name="ladn-hw">{{cite news|url=https://www.dailynews.com/2023/02/22/no-alyssa-thompson-no-problem-harvard-westlake-girls-soccer-is-back-in-cif-final/|title=No Alyssa Thompson, no problem: Harvard-Westlake girls soccer back in CIF-SS final|date=February 22, 2023|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|first=Haley|last=Sawyer}}</ref> Thompson be named Gatorade Player of de Year insyd April 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sondheimer |first=Eric |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Harvard-Westlake's Alyssa Thompson named Gatorade girls' soccer national player of the year |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2021-06-17/alyssa-thompson-harvard-westlake-gatorade-girls-soccer-player-of-year |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> == Club career == Insyd 2020, at de age of 15, Thompson verbally commit to joining de Cardinal of Stanford University starting insyd de 2023 season.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref name="si">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2023/03/22/alyssa-thompson-nwsl-angel-city-fc-daily-cover|title=Angel City FC's Alyssa Thompson Set a New Standard for Girls in Soccer|date=March 22, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham}}</ref><ref name="mls">{{cite news|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/mlsnext/news/alyssa-and-gisele-thompson-s-unconventional-path-to-uswnt-success-via-mls-next|title=Alyssa and Gisele Thompson's unusual path to USWNT success via MLS NEXT|date=November 10, 2022|access-date=April 10, 2023|publisher=[[Major League Soccer]]|first=Travis|last=Clark}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|last=Ingemi|first=Marisa|date=September 29, 2022|title=Stanford commit Alyssa Thompson is USWNT's youngest call-up in 5 years|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/article/Stanford-commit-Alyssa-Thompson-is-USWNT-s-17476623.php|website=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last=Sondheimer |first=Eric |date=September 11, 2020 |title=Thompson sisters are rising soccer stars with an eye on Stanford |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2020-09-11/thompson-sisters-soccer-stars-heading-to-stanford |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> However, she later decommit to enter de 2023 NWSL Draft.<ref name="si" /><ref name="mls" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ingemi|first=Marisa|date=January 6, 2023|title=Stanford recruit Alyssa Thompson decommits, will go No. 1 in NWSL draft|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/college/article/Stanford-recruit-Alyssa-Thompson-decommits-will-17700066.php|access-date=March 27, 2023}}</ref> === Angel City === On January 12, 2023, Angel City FC select Thompson as de first overall pick insyd de 2023 NWSL Draft.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Yang|first=Steph|date=January 12, 2023|title=NWSL draft live: Alyssa Thompson goes No. 1; Three FSU players taken in first round|work=[[The Athletic]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/live-blogs/nwsl-draft-2023-picks-trades/ExFEl5GCls90/|access-date=January 12, 2023}}</ref><ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref><ref name="ladn-hw">{{cite news|url=https://www.dailynews.com/2023/02/22/no-alyssa-thompson-no-problem-harvard-westlake-girls-soccer-is-back-in-cif-final/|title=No Alyssa Thompson, no problem: Harvard-Westlake girls soccer back in CIF-SS final|date=February 22, 2023|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|first=Haley|last=Sawyer}}</ref> As part of a three-team trade, Angel City send a total of $450,000 to Portland Thorns den Gotham FC to secure de No. 1 pick.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Watkins |first=Claire |date=January 13, 2013 |title=Angel City banking on culture to help Alyssa Thompson thrive |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/alyssa-thompson-angel-city-nwsl-draft-christen-press/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> At de time, dis trade make Thompson "essentially de most expensive player insyd league history," wich na e be a record previously set by [[Alex Morgan]].<ref name="yahoo-011213">{{Cite web |last=Baer |first=Jack |date=January 12, 2013 |title=NWSL Draft: Angel City makes Alyssa Thompson the 1st HS player taken No. 1 overall |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/nwsl-draft-angel-city-makes-alyssa-thompson-the-1st-hs-player-taken-no-1-overall-003043564.html |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Yahoo! Sports}}</ref> Thompson sign a three-year deal plus de club.<ref name="yahoo-011213" /> While still attending ein senior year of high school at Harvard-Westlake,<ref name="ocregister-051223">{{Cite web |last=Calhoun |first=Damian |date=May 12, 2023 |title=Alyssa Thompson balancing school and soccer as rookie for Angel City FC |url=https://www.ocregister.com/2023/05/12/alyssa-thompson-balancing-school-and-soccer-as-rookie-for-angel-city-fc/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Orange County Register}}</ref><ref name="latimes-042223">{{Cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=April 22, 2023 |title=Angel City's Alyssa Thompson at the forefront of change in U.S. women's soccer |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2023-04-22/angel-city-star-alyssa-thompson-us-soccer-development |access-date=June 24, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Thompson score five minutes into ein professional debut plus Angel City FC, insyd a friendly match against Club América of Liga MX Femenil.<ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref> Thompson score a goal 11 minutes into ein NWSL regular-season debut on March 26, 2023, insyd a 1–2 loss against NJ/NY Gotham FC.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bushnell|first=Henry|date=March 26, 2023|title=Alyssa Thompson, the future of USWNT, explodes onto NWSL scene with golazo in debut|publisher=[[Yahoo! Sports]]|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/alyssa-thompson-goal-nwsl-debut-angel-city-031206736.html|access-date=March 27, 2023}}</ref> On April 11, she score de game-opener against Portland Thorns FC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sepich |first=Scott |date=April 29, 2023 |title=Goalkeeper Bella Bixby's goal rescues 3–3 draw for Portland Thorns in wild finish |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/portland-thorns/2023/04/goalkeeper-bella-bixbys-goal-rescues-3-3-draw-for-portland-thorns-in-wild-finish.html |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=The Oregonian}}</ref> She be named NWSL Rookie of de Month for ein performance during March–April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 9, 2023 |title=Teenage USWNT prospect Alyssa Thompson dazzles in rookie NWSL campaign |url=https://www.soccerwire.com/news/teenage-uswnt-prospect-alyssa-thompson-dazzles-in-rookie-nwsl-campaign/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=SoccerWire}}</ref> Thompson ein third regular season goal be de opening goal insyd de team ein 3–2 win against Kansas City Current.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vertelney |first=Seth |date=May 8, 2023 |title=Angel City's wonderteen Alyssa Thompson only scores bangers |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/2023/05/08/uswnt-alyssa-thompson-scores-again-angel-city-nwsl/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=[[USA Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hruby |first=Emma |date=May 6, 2023 |title=Watch: Alyssa Thompson scores golazo for Angel City FC |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/alyssa-thompson-goal-angel-city-fc/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> On June 5, she provide de assist for [[Sydney Leroux]] ein first goal den game of de season (after returning from an ankle injury insyd de previous season).<ref>{{Cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=June 5, 2023 |title=Sydney Leroux scores in season debut, but Angel City comes up short against Red Stars |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2023-06-05/angel-city-chicago-red-stars-nwsl-game-recap |access-date=June 24, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> Thompson fini ein first season for Angel City plus four goals den two assists insyd regular-season games on de way to de clubs first playoffs appearance, wey na dem sanso name am as one of de nominees for Rookie of de Year at de conclusion of de season.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2023 |title=National Women's Soccer League Official Site {{!}} NWSL |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/2023-nwsl-end-of-year-awards-rookie-of-the-year-presented-by-ally-finalists |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=www.nwslsoccer.com}}</ref> [[File:Alyssa_Thompson_2024-01_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Thompson dey play give Angel City insyd 2024]] On May 3, 2024, insyd Angel City ein first game against de Utah Royals, Thompson make ein third assist of de season, wey she cam be de youngest player insyd NWSL history den de first player for Angel City to record assists insyd three consecutive matches.<ref>{{Cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=May 4, 2024 |title=Sydney Leroux and Claire Emslie score to power Angel City past Utah |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2024-05-03/sydney-leroux-claire-emslie-angel-city-utah |access-date=May 6, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> On May 18, 2024, insyd an away match against Washington Spirit, Thompson start alongside ein younger sisto [[Gisele Thompson|Gisele]], wich mark de first time insyd NWSL history wey two sistos be named to de starting lineup of de same team.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Women's Soccer League Official Site {{!}} NWSL |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/ |access-date=May 20, 2024 |website=www.nwslsoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> Thompson convert ein first penalty kick give Angel City on August 1, 2024, insyd a shootout against San Diego Wave FC during de 2024 NWSL x Liga MX Femenil Summer Cup to ensure a spot insyd de knockout stage of de tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2, 2024 |title=Angel City Advances to Summer Cup Semifinal Following Penalty Shootout {{!}} 8.1.24 |url=https://angelcity.com/angel-city-football-club-news/angel-city-advances-to-summer-cup-semifinal-following-penalty-shootout-8.1.24 |access-date=August 21, 2024 |website=angelcity.com |language=en}}</ref> Thompson sanso converet ein first non-shootout penalty for Angel City a few weeks later insyd a friendly against Liga MX Femenil team FC Juárez on August 18, 2024, ein first goal of de 2024 season.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Calhoun |first=Damian |date=August 19, 2024 |title=Messiah Bright scores a hat trick as Angel City routs FC Juarez in exhibition |url=https://www.dailynews.com/2024/08/18/messiah-bright-scores-a-hat-trick-as-angel-city-routs-fc-juarez-in-friendly/ |access-date=August 21, 2024 |website=Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref> Thompson score ein first career brace den ein first regular-season goals of de 2024 season on August 24, 2024, insyd an away match against San Diego Wave FC to secure a 1–2 victory. Thompson cam be de second teenager after [[Mallory Swanson]] to score multiple goals insyd a regular-season NWSL match.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=August 24, 2024 |title=Alyssa Thompson scores twice as Angel City defeats San Diego to end losing streak |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2024-08-24/alyssa-thompson-scores-angel-city-san-diego-wave |access-date=August 25, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> On September 6, 2024, Thompson be named to de NWSL Team of de Month for de first time for de month of August 2024, playing insyd three games thru out August, Thompson register 11 tackles won den six shots, three on target.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=NWSL |date=September 6, 2024 |title=NWSL Announces August Best XI of the Month, Presented by Amazon Prime {{!}} National Women's Soccer League Official Site |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-august-best-xi-of-the-month-presented-by-amazon-prime |access-date=September 6, 2024 |website=NWSL |language=en}}</ref> Thompson notch three goals den one assist thru out September to make de Best XI insyd back-to-back months.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=NWSL |date=October 4, 2024 |title=NWSL Announces September Best XI of the Month, presented by Amazon Prime {{!}} NWSL Announces September Best XI of the Month, presented by Amazon Prime {{!}} National Women's Soccer League Official Site |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-september-best-xi-of-the-month-presented-by-amazon-prime |access-date=October 4, 2024 |website=NWSL |language=en}}</ref> Thompson conclude ein sophomore season plus a record of 5 goals den 7 assists, securing de second-highest assist total insyd de league, while sanso dey lead Angel City FC insyd total goal contributions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson Stats, Goals, Records, Assists, Cups and more |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/2fcc0a10/Alyssa-Thompson |access-date=December 21, 2024 |website=FBref.com |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Alyssa_Thompson_2024-02.jpg|left|thumb|Thompson dey play give Angel City insyd 2024]] On January 29, 2025, ahead of de 2025 season, Angel City announce say dem sign a contract extension plus Thompson, keeping am den ein sisto at de club til 2028.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=January 29, 2025 |title=Angel City extends contracts with forward Alyssa Thompson and defender Gisele Thompson |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2025-01-29/angel-city-extends-contracts-alyssa-giselle-thompson |access-date=January 29, 2025 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> On April 12, 2025, Thompson make ein 50th-regular season appearance insyd de NWSL, wey she contribute an assist den a goal insyd a 3–1 victory against de Houston Dash, wey she sanso cam be de second-youngest player to reach 10 goals den 10 assists insyd de NWSL.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff and wire reports |date=April 13, 2025 |title=Angel City gets a road victory against the Dash |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2025-04-12/angel-city-gets-a-road-victory-against-houston-dash |access-date=April 13, 2025 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> On May 2, 2025, Thompson assist ein sisto ein first NWSL goal insyd a 4–3 victory against Washington Spirit, wey dem cam be de first sistos to combine for a goal insyd de NWSL.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vertelney |first=Seth |title=Thompson sisters make historic connection for Gisele's first NWSL goal |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/story/sports/nwsl/2025/05/02/alyssa-thompson-assists-sister-gisele-first-nwsl-goal/83420902007/ |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pro Soccer Wire |language=en-US}}</ref> On May 24, 2025, Thompson convert ein penalty kick against Racing Louisville FC, to score de 100th regular-season goal insyd Angel City ein history, den plus ein goal she cam be de all-time leading regular-season goal scorer give Angel City, ultimately de match end as a 2–3 defeat. Na de goal sanso be Thompson ein 25th goal contribution insyd de NWSL regular season, wey e make am de youngest player to reach de milestone.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 25, 2025 |title=TST Images: Racing Louisville FC defeats Angel City FC, 3–2 at BMO Stadium |url=https://www.thesportingtribune.com/2025/05/24/racinglouisville-angelcity-photos |access-date=May 25, 2025 |website=The Sporting Tribune |language=en}}</ref> On July 26, 2025, Thompson score ein first professional hat-trick, insyd a friendly against Carolina Ascent FC at BMO Stadium.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 26, 2025 |title=Angel City Football Club Notches 4–2 Victory over USL Super League Club Carolina Ascent FC at BMO Stadium |url=https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/angel-city-football-club-notches-4-2-victory-over-usl-super-league-club-carolina-ascent-fc-at-bmo-stadium/n-6260753 |access-date=August 3, 2025 |website=OurSports Central |language=en}}</ref> === Chelsea === Insyd September 2025, Thompson enter into talks plus English club Chelsea regarding a potential transfer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=September 1, 2025 |title=Chelsea in talks with Angel City over USA forward Alyssa Thompson |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c9393pvknd0o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> On September 5, 2025, na e be officially announced say Chelsea sign am for a club record fee of just under £1m from Angel City, wey de club unveil am to fans at Stamford Bridge prior to dema first WSL match of de season against Manchester City on de same day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=September 5, 2025 |title=Chelsea sign USA's Thompson for club record fee |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cvgnl4gr2dgo |website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=September 6, 2025 |title=Sonia Bompastor on Alyssa Thompson: 'She will have a big impact!' |url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/article/sonia-bompastor-on-alyssa-thompson-she-will-have-a-big-impact |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250915085119/https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/article/sonia-bompastor-on-alyssa-thompson-she-will-have-a-big-impact |archive-date=September 15, 2025 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=Chelsea F.C.}}</ref> Thompson make ein debut give Chelsea on September 14 during a 3–1 WSL victory against Aston Villa.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Salley |first1=Emily |date=September 14, 2025 |title=Aston Villa 1–3 Chelsea: Sam Kerr scores on return as defending champions win |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c99gxz3jjdlt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250915083507/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c99gxz3jjdlt |archive-date=September 15, 2025 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> She score ein first goal give de club on October 15, insyd de Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 15, 2025 |title=Chelsea 2–1 Paris FC: Alyssa Thompson 'a real bright spark' but best 'is still to come' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cx2lmzmmgvzo |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> On March 15, 2026, Thompson win ein first trophy plus Chelsea after starting insyd de 2025–26 FA Women's League Cup final insyd wich she help ein team beat Manchester United 2–0 at Ashton Gate.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=March 15, 2026 |title=Chelsea 2–0 Manchester United |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cx24ml4d1l2t |access-date=March 15, 2026 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> == International career == [[File:Alyssa_Thompson_USWNT_v_Colombia_Mar_7_2026-181.jpg|right|thumb|Thompson insyd 2026]] Thompson represent de United States on de United States senior national team as well as de under-20 national team. Insyd 2022, she help lead de under-20 national team to win gold at de 2022 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship, playing insyd five matches den scoring three goals.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2021 |title=Stats |url=https://www.concacaf.com/en/under-20s-women/stats/ |website=Concacaf}}</ref> At de 2022 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup insyd Costa Rica, she play insyd three matches wey she score one goal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Unity is strength for ambitious USA |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/usa-ghana-fifa-u20-womens-world-cup-2022-jaedyn-shaw-tracey-kevins |access-date=July 16, 2023 |website=[[FIFA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sondheimer |first=Eric |date=March 27, 2022 |title=Harvard-Westlake's Alyssa Thompson speeds back to class and track team |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2022-03-27/harvard-westlake-alyssa-thompson-back-to-class-track-soccer |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Thompson be called up to de senior national team insyd September 2022 wey na she be de youngest player since [[Sophia Smith (soccer, born 2000)|Sophia Smith]] insyd 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Laase |first=Eden |date=September 29, 2022 |title=Teen star Alyssa Thompson earns her first USWNT call-up |url=https://justwomenssports.com/uswnt-roster-alyssa-thompson-call-up-teenager/ |website=Just Women's Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Henry |first=Larry, Jr. |date=October 1, 2022 |title=Andonovski on Alyssa Thompson's first USWNT call-up: "She will fit in our system" – SBI Soccer |url=https://sbisoccer.com/2022/10/andonovski-on-alyssa-thompsons-first-uswnt-call-up-she-will-fit-in-our-system |website=sbisoccer.com}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|last=Ingemi|first=Marisa|date=September 29, 2022|title=Stanford commit Alyssa Thompson is USWNT's youngest call-up in 5 years|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/article/Stanford-commit-Alyssa-Thompson-is-USWNT-s-17476623.php|website=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref> On October 7, 2022, she make ein senior national team debut at Wembley Stadium during a friendly against England in front of 90,000 fans.<ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/alyssa-thompson-is-already-breaking-barriers-before-her-first-nwsl-pro-game-with-angel-city-fc/|title=Alyssa Thompson is already breaking barriers before her first NWSL pro game with Angel City FC|date=January 20, 2023|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[CBS Sports]]|first=Sandra|last=Herrera}}</ref> On April 9, 2023, Thompson be called up to de senior team to replace an injured [[Mallory Swanson]] insyd a friendly dem schedule for April 11 against Ireland.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailynews.com/2023/04/09/angel-city-fcs-alyssa-thompson-to-join-uswnt-for-ireland-game/|title=Angel City FC's Alyssa Thompson to join USWNT for Ireland game|date=April 9, 2023|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|first=Damian|last=Calhoun}}</ref> Insyd June of de same year, she be named to de U.S. squad for de 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup insyd Australia den New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sanders|first=Emma|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/65978315|title=Women's World Cup 2023: Morgan and Rapinoe named in USA World Cup squad|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> She make ein debut during de team ein first group stage match, a 3–0 win against Vietnam.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 21, 2023 |title=Women's World Cup 2023 highlights: USWNT tops Vietnam, 3–0 |url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/soccer/world-cup-2023-top-plays-united-states-vietnam |access-date=July 24, 2023 |work=Fox Sports}}</ref> Thompson record ein first assist for de senior national team on October 29, 2023, setting up [[Jaedyn Shaw]] ein goal insyd a 3–0 win insyd a friendly against Colombia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USWNT vs. Colombia: Score, Highlights & Match Recap {{!}} U.S. Soccer Official Website |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/10/uswnt-vs-colombia-10-29-23-score-highlights-match-recap-goals-stats |access-date=September 7, 2024 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> After missing de 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup secof a minor back injury,<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 7, 2024 |title=USWNT forward Thompson misses W Gold Cup with back injury |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/2024/02/07/uswnt-alyssa-thompson-back-injury-w-gold-cup/ |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=Pro Soccer Wire |language=en-US}}</ref> Thompson be called back into de national team insyd October 2024 for de teams Olympic gold medal victory tour. Insyd wat be ein tenth cap, Thompson score ein first international goal against Iceland, de first goal insyd de match to secure a 3–1 victory.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Kari |date=October 25, 2024 |title=Watch USWNT forward Alyssa Thompson score her first international goal off a stunning finish |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/watch-uswnt-forward-alyssa-thompson-score-her-first-international-goal-off-a-stunning-finish-155130405.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=Yahoo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> On February 11, 2025, Thompson be called up for de 2025 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hayes Names 23-Player USWNT Roster for 2025 SheBelieves Cup, Presented by Visa |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/02/us-womens-national-team-roster-players-2025-shebelieves-cup |access-date=February 27, 2025 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> She be called up alongside ein younger sisto Gisele for de first time, wich mark de third time sistos be called up to de same roster on de US senior team.On February 20, 2025, Alyssa start de second SheBelieves Cup match against Australia alongside ein sisto, wey na dem cam be de second pair of sistos to play give de national team insyd de same match.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tolmich |first=Ryan |date=February 24, 2025 |title=USWNT player ratings vs Australia: Ever-reliable Lynn Biyendolo an agent of change as Emma Hayes completely turns over starting XI in SheBelieves Cup triumph {{!}} Goal.com US |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/lists/uswnt-australia-player-ratings-shebelieves-cup/blt304087f1e01490b3 |access-date=February 27, 2025 |website=www.goal.com |language=en-US}}</ref> On March 7, 2026, Thompson score an 82nd minute winning goal vs Colombia to earn ein country a 1–0 victory wich help de USWNT win de SheBelieves Cup for de eighth time overall wey na dem name am Most Valuable Player of de tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2026 Shebelieves Cup USWNT vs Columbia result |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/03/uswnt/us-womens-national-team-defeat-colombia-1-0-on-late-goal-from-alyssa-thompson-to-win-its-eighth-shebelieves-cup |access-date=March 7, 2026 |work=U.S. Soccer}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Griffin|first=Tamerra|date=2026-03-08|title=Alyssa Thompson's goal secures USWNT's eighth SheBelieves Cup victory|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7097680/2026/03/07/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-shebelieves-cup-victory/|access-date=2026-05-08|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Playing style == Insyd July 2023 de BBC say dat ein "pace den tenacity be stand-out features".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Johnston|first=Neil|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66286563|title=Women's World Cup 2023: The rise of United States teenage forward Alyssa Thompson|date=July 26, 2023|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Personal life == Thompson be of African-American, Filipino den Peruvian descent.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cauich |first=Eduard |date=July 17, 2023 |title=Madre de mundialista Alyssa Thompson, recalca las raíces peruanas y sacrificios de su hija |url=https://www.latimes.com/espanol/deportes/articulo/2023-07-17/madre-de-mundialista-alyssa-thompson-recalca-las-raices-peruanas-y-sacrificios-de-su-hija |website=Los Angeles Times |language=es-us}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Davies|first1=Amanda|author-link1=Amanda Davies|last2=Howorth|first2=Alasdair|title=High schooler by day, professional soccer player by night: Alyssa Thompson is doing it all|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/02/25/football/alyssa-thompson-nwsl-draft-world-cup-spt-intl/index.html|access-date=February 26, 2023|work=CNN|date=February 25, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2022 |title=Alyssa Thompson: Futbolista de madre peruana debutó con la selección de Estados Unidos |url=https://www.americatv.com.pe/deportes/futbol-mundial/alyssa-thompson-futbolista-madre-peruana-debuto-seleccion-estados-unidos-n430440 |website=americadeportes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Líbero |first=Redacción |date=October 10, 2022 |title=Pudo defender a Perú pero acaba de debutar en la selección absoluta de Estados Unidos |url=https://libero.pe/futbol-internacional/2022/10/09/alyssa-thompson-era-seleccionable-peru-pero-acaba-debutar-otra-seleccion-nivel-mayores-83331 |website=libero.pe}}</ref> Ein parents be Mario den Karen<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson {{!}} USWNT {{!}} U.S. Soccer Official Site |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/players/t/alyssa-thompson |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> wey she get two younger sistos, [[Gisele Thompson|Gisele]] den Zoe.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last=Sondheimer |first=Eric |date=September 11, 2020 |title=Thompson sisters are rising soccer stars with an eye on Stanford |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2020-09-11/thompson-sisters-soccer-stars-heading-to-stanford |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> Gisele dey play give Angel City FC.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Baxter|first1=Kevin|title=Teen Gisele Thompson, sister of Alyssa Thompson, signs three-year deal with Angel City|url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2023-12-07/angel-city-signs-alyssa-thompsons-sister|access-date=December 9, 2023|work=Los Angeles Times|date=December 7, 2023}}</ref> Thompson sanso dey run track, den insyd April 2022, she run 100m insyd 11.74 seconds, wich be de second fastest 100m sprint insyd 2022 up to dat date insyd California.<ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Sondheimer|first=Eric|url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2022-04-28/soccer-star-alyssa-thompson-runs-second-fastest-100-meters-in-california|title=Soccer star Alyssa Thompson runs second fastest 100 meters in California|date=April 29, 2022|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=April 10, 2023}}</ref> === Endorsements === Insyd May 2022, Thompson den ein sisto Gisele sign a name, image, and likeness deal plus Nike at ages 17 den 16 respectively, becoming de first high school athletes to do so.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nike signs sister soccer players to company's first high school name, image and likeness deal|url=https://www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/33933056/nike-inc-signs-sister-soccer-players-company-first-high-school-name-image-likeness-deal|work=[[ESPN]]|date=May 17, 2022|access-date=August 9, 2023|first=Tom|last=VanHaaren}}</ref> Insyd July 2023, she appear insyd a commercial give Volkswagen.<ref>{{cite web |title=Volkswagen Atlas Cross Sport TV Spot, 'The Juggle' Ft. Alyssa Thompson, Emily Fox, Andi Sullivan |url=https://www.ispot.tv/ad/1cw1/volkswagen-atlas-cross-sport-the-juggle-ft-alyssa-thompson-emily-fox-andi-sullivan-spanish-t |access-date=July 28, 2023 |publisher=ispot.tv}}</ref> === Television den film === Thompson be featured insyd episode 3 of de documentary series ''Angel City'' insyd 2023.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |title=Alyssa Paola Thompson |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm14684744/?ref_=fn_al_nm_3 |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=IMDB}}</ref> Thompson appear insyd de Netflix documentary series, ''Under Pressure: The U.S. Women's World Cup Team'', wich follow de U.S. women's national team as dem compete insyd de 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflix Will Shoot the US Women's Soccer Team's Upcoming World Cup Journey |url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/us-womens-soccer-world-cup-series-new |access-date=July 17, 2023 |website=Netflix Tudum |language=en}}</ref> She sanso appear alongside ein sisto Gisele as cameos insyd de Netflix film ''Family Switch''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=All the Freaky References Going On in 'Family Switch' |url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/family-switch-references-easter-eggs |website=Netflix Tudum}}</ref> ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {{updated|match played May 16, 2026}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/alyssa-thompson/634627/ |title=USA – A. Thompson |access-date=April 10, 2023 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances den goals by club, season den competition !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|National cup !colspan="2"|League cup !colspan="2"|Continental !colspan="2"|Oda !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="4"|[[Angel City FC]] |[[2023 Angel City FC season|2023]] |rowspan="3"|[[National Women's Soccer League|NWSL]] |20||4||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||1||0||23||4 |- |[[2024 Angel City FC season|2024]] |26||5||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||4||0||30||5 |- |[[2025 Angel City FC season|2025]] |16||6||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||16||6 |- !colspan="2"|Total !62!!15!!2!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!5!!0!!69!!15 |- |[[Chelsea F.C. Women|Chelsea]] |[[2025–26 Chelsea F.C. Women season|2025–26]] |[[Women's Super League]] |20||7||4||1||2||0||7||1||colspan="2" |—||33||9 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !82!!22!!6!!1!!2!!0!!7!!1!!5!!0!!102!!24 |} ===International=== {{updated|match played June 6, 2026}}<ref name = "US"/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances den goals by national team den year |- !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan=5|[[United States women's national soccer team|United States]] |[[2022 in American soccer#Women's|2022]]||2||0 |- |[[2023 in American soccer#Women's|2023]]||7||0 |- |[[2024 in American soccer#Women's|2024]]||4||1 |- |[[2025 in American soccer#Women's|2025]]||13||2 |- |[[2026 in American soccer#Women's|2026]]|| 6 || 1 |- !colspan=2 |Total!! 32 !! 4 |} :''Scores den results list United States ein goal tally first, score column dey indicate score after each Thompson goal.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ List of international goals wey Alyssa Thompson score |- !scope="col"|No. !scope="col"|Date !scope="col"|Venue !scope="col"|Opponent !scope="col"|Score !scope="col"|Result !scope="col"|Competition !scope="col" class="unsortable"|{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- |style="text-align:center"|1 |{{dts|2024–10–24}} |[[Q2 Stadium]], [[Austin, Texas]], United States |{{fbw|ISL}} |style="text-align:center"|1–0 |style="text-align:center"|3–1 | rowspan="3" |[[Friendly (association football)|Friendly]] |<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Women's National Team Downs Iceland 3–1 in First Match Following Olympic Gold |url=https://ussoccer.com/stories/2024/10/usa-vs-iceland-score-result-highlights-match-recap-oct-24 |access-date=September 6, 2025 |website=ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> |- | style="text-align: center;" |2 |June 26, 2025 |[[Dick's Sporting Goods Park]], [[Commerce City, Colorado]], United States |{{fbw|IRL}} |style="text-align:center"|4–0 |style="text-align:center"|4–0 |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Thompson lands 4th goal for USWNT against Ireland |url=https://www.nbcsports.com/watch/alyssa-thompson-lands-4th-goal-for-uswnt-against-ireland |access-date=September 6, 2025 |website=NBC Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | style="text-align: center;" |3 |June 29, 2025 |[[TQL Stadium]], [[Cincinnati|Cincinnati, Ohio]], United States |{{fbw|IRL}} | style="text-align:center" |4–0 |style="text-align:center"|4–0 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Women's National Team Defeats Ireland 4–0 to Reach 600 Wins in 40th Year of the USWNT Program |url=https://ussoccer.com/stories/2025/06/uswnt-lynn-biyendolo-ireland-alyssa-thompson |access-date=September 6, 2025 |website=ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> |- | style="text-align: center;" |4 |March 7, 2026 |[[Sports Illustrated Stadium]], [[Harrison, New Jersey]], United States |{{fbw|COL}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 |style="text-align:center"|1–0 |[[2026 SheBelieves Cup]] |<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Women's National Team Defeat Colombia 1–0 On Late Goal From Alyssa Thompson to Win Its Eighth SheBelieves Cup, Presented By Visa |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/03/uswnt/us-womens-national-team-defeat-colombia-1-0-on-late-goal-from-alyssa-thompson-to-win-its-eighth-shebelieves-cup |date=March 8, 2026 |access-date=March 8, 2026 |website=ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> |} ==Honors den awards== '''Chelsea''' * [[Women's League Cup]]: [[2025–26 Women's League Cup|2025–26]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sanders |first1=Emma |title=Chelsea 2–0 Manchester United: Lauren James and Aggie-Beever Jones score in League Cup final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cx24ml4d1l2t |website=BBC Sport |access-date=March 15, 2026 |date=March 15, 2026 |archive-date=March 15, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260315185726/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cx24ml4d1l2t |url-status=live }}</ref> '''United States''' * [[SheBelieves Cup]]: [[2026 SheBelieves Cup|2026]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=2026 Shebelieves Cup USWNT vs Columbia result |url= https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/03/uswnt/us-womens-national-team-defeat-colombia-1-0-on-late-goal-from-alyssa-thompson-to-win-its-eighth-shebelieves-cup |access-date=March 7, 2026 |work=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> '''United States U20''' * [[CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship]]: [[2022 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship|2022]]<ref>{{cite press release |date=March 12, 2022 |title=USA Wins Concacaf Women's U-20 Championship With 2–0 Victory Over Mexico |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/03/2022-concacaf-womens-u-20-championship-usa-2-mexico-0-match-report-stats-standings |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=US Soccer |language=en}}</ref> '''Individual''' * [[Gatorade Player of the Year awards|Gatorade National Soccer Player of the Year]]: 2021<ref>{{cite web |title=2020–2021 Gatorade National Girls Soccer Player of the Year |url=https://playeroftheyear.gatorade.com/winner/alyssa-thompson/38437 |publisher=Gatorade |access-date=June 24, 2023}}</ref> * [[NWSL Rookie of the Month]]: March/April 2023<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/angel-city-fc-forward-alyssa-thompson-named-march-april-rookie-of-the-month-presented-by-ally |title=Angel City FC Forward Alyssa Thompson Named March/April Rookie of the Month, Presented by Ally |date=May 4, 2023 |access-date=May 4, 2023 |publisher=[[National Women's Soccer League]]}}</ref> * [[NWSL Team of the Month]]: 2024: August, September<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> * [[SheBelieves Cup]] Most Valuable Player: [[2026 SheBelieves Cup|2026]]<ref name=":2" /> == References == <references /> == External links == hlniqik6caacq0qkcyis9mn8s2uzlrd 110130 110124 2026-08-18T14:53:12Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 110130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alyssa Paola Thompson''' (born November 7, 2004) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a forward give Women's Super League club Chelsea den de United States women's national team. She be named de national Gatorade Player of de Year insyd 2021. She be selected first overall insyd de 2023 NWSL Draft by Angel City while insyd high school. == Early life == Dem raise am insyd Studio City, California insyd de Los Angeles area, Alyssa attend The Wesley School insyd North Hollywood. At age 8, she race against de fastest boy at de school wey she win.<ref name="latimes-071823">{{cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=July 18, 2023 |title=How family and determination forged teenager Alyssa Thompson's World Cup talent |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/story/2023-07-18/alyssa-thompson-world-cup-teenage-star-uswnt |access-date=July 24, 2023 |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Thompson ein parents Karen den Mario<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson {{!}} USWNT {{!}} U.S. Soccer Official Site |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/players/t/alyssa-thompson |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> sign Alyssa den ein sisto [[Gisele Thompson|Gisele]] up to Total Futbol Academy (TFA) insyd 2013, wen na Alyssa Thompson dey 9 years old, for dem to compete on boys' teams. After two years, dem transfer to Elite Clubs National League club Real So Cal, wer na dem play til de [[COVID-19]] pandemic.<ref name="si">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2023/03/22/alyssa-thompson-nwsl-angel-city-fc-daily-cover|title=Angel City FC's Alyssa Thompson Set a New Standard for Girls in Soccer|date=March 22, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham}}</ref><ref name="mls">{{cite news|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/mlsnext/news/alyssa-and-gisele-thompson-s-unconventional-path-to-uswnt-success-via-mls-next|title=Alyssa and Gisele Thompson's unusual path to USWNT success via MLS NEXT|date=November 10, 2022|access-date=April 10, 2023|publisher=[[Major League Soccer]]|first=Travis|last=Clark}}</ref> By de age of 13, na Thompson dey play plus players four years older dan am.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> Thompson return to TFA insyd 2020 wey she play give ein under-19 team insyd de MLS Next league at de age of 17, wey na she be de only female player insyd de league.<ref name="auto1" /><ref name="si" /><ref name="mls" /><ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref> Thompson attend den play give Harvard-Westlake School during ein freshman den sophomore years of high school<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2021-05-18/alyssa-thompson-of-harvard-westlake-scores-six-goals|title=Roundup: Harvard-Westlake's Alyssa Thompson scores six goals in 6–3 Division 1 playoff win|date=May 19, 2021|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> wey she score 48 goals insyd 18 games.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref> National team den club soccer prevent am from playing during ein junior season. She be drafted to professional play as a high school senior.<ref name="espn-draft" /><ref name="ladn-hw">{{cite news|url=https://www.dailynews.com/2023/02/22/no-alyssa-thompson-no-problem-harvard-westlake-girls-soccer-is-back-in-cif-final/|title=No Alyssa Thompson, no problem: Harvard-Westlake girls soccer back in CIF-SS final|date=February 22, 2023|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|first=Haley|last=Sawyer}}</ref> Thompson be named Gatorade Player of de Year insyd April 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sondheimer |first=Eric |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Harvard-Westlake's Alyssa Thompson named Gatorade girls' soccer national player of the year |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2021-06-17/alyssa-thompson-harvard-westlake-gatorade-girls-soccer-player-of-year |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> == Club career == Insyd 2020, at de age of 15, Thompson verbally commit to joining de Cardinal of Stanford University starting insyd de 2023 season.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref name="si">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2023/03/22/alyssa-thompson-nwsl-angel-city-fc-daily-cover|title=Angel City FC's Alyssa Thompson Set a New Standard for Girls in Soccer|date=March 22, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham}}</ref><ref name="mls">{{cite news|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/mlsnext/news/alyssa-and-gisele-thompson-s-unconventional-path-to-uswnt-success-via-mls-next|title=Alyssa and Gisele Thompson's unusual path to USWNT success via MLS NEXT|date=November 10, 2022|access-date=April 10, 2023|publisher=[[Major League Soccer]]|first=Travis|last=Clark}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|last=Ingemi|first=Marisa|date=September 29, 2022|title=Stanford commit Alyssa Thompson is USWNT's youngest call-up in 5 years|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/article/Stanford-commit-Alyssa-Thompson-is-USWNT-s-17476623.php|website=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last=Sondheimer |first=Eric |date=September 11, 2020 |title=Thompson sisters are rising soccer stars with an eye on Stanford |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2020-09-11/thompson-sisters-soccer-stars-heading-to-stanford |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> However, she later decommit to enter de 2023 NWSL Draft.<ref name="si" /><ref name="mls" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ingemi|first=Marisa|date=January 6, 2023|title=Stanford recruit Alyssa Thompson decommits, will go No. 1 in NWSL draft|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/college/article/Stanford-recruit-Alyssa-Thompson-decommits-will-17700066.php|access-date=March 27, 2023}}</ref> === Angel City === On January 12, 2023, Angel City FC select Thompson as de first overall pick insyd de 2023 NWSL Draft.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Yang|first=Steph|date=January 12, 2023|title=NWSL draft live: Alyssa Thompson goes No. 1; Three FSU players taken in first round|work=[[The Athletic]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/live-blogs/nwsl-draft-2023-picks-trades/ExFEl5GCls90/|access-date=January 12, 2023}}</ref><ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref><ref name="ladn-hw">{{cite news|url=https://www.dailynews.com/2023/02/22/no-alyssa-thompson-no-problem-harvard-westlake-girls-soccer-is-back-in-cif-final/|title=No Alyssa Thompson, no problem: Harvard-Westlake girls soccer back in CIF-SS final|date=February 22, 2023|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|first=Haley|last=Sawyer}}</ref> As part of a three-team trade, Angel City send a total of $450,000 to Portland Thorns den Gotham FC to secure de No. 1 pick.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Watkins |first=Claire |date=January 13, 2013 |title=Angel City banking on culture to help Alyssa Thompson thrive |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/alyssa-thompson-angel-city-nwsl-draft-christen-press/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> At de time, dis trade make Thompson "essentially de most expensive player insyd league history," wich na e be a record previously set by [[Alex Morgan]].<ref name="yahoo-011213">{{Cite web |last=Baer |first=Jack |date=January 12, 2013 |title=NWSL Draft: Angel City makes Alyssa Thompson the 1st HS player taken No. 1 overall |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/nwsl-draft-angel-city-makes-alyssa-thompson-the-1st-hs-player-taken-no-1-overall-003043564.html |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Yahoo! Sports}}</ref> Thompson sign a three-year deal plus de club.<ref name="yahoo-011213" /> While still attending ein senior year of high school at Harvard-Westlake,<ref name="ocregister-051223">{{Cite web |last=Calhoun |first=Damian |date=May 12, 2023 |title=Alyssa Thompson balancing school and soccer as rookie for Angel City FC |url=https://www.ocregister.com/2023/05/12/alyssa-thompson-balancing-school-and-soccer-as-rookie-for-angel-city-fc/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Orange County Register}}</ref><ref name="latimes-042223">{{Cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=April 22, 2023 |title=Angel City's Alyssa Thompson at the forefront of change in U.S. women's soccer |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2023-04-22/angel-city-star-alyssa-thompson-us-soccer-development |access-date=June 24, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Thompson score five minutes into ein professional debut plus Angel City FC, insyd a friendly match against Club América of Liga MX Femenil.<ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref> Thompson score a goal 11 minutes into ein NWSL regular-season debut on March 26, 2023, insyd a 1–2 loss against NJ/NY Gotham FC.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bushnell|first=Henry|date=March 26, 2023|title=Alyssa Thompson, the future of USWNT, explodes onto NWSL scene with golazo in debut|publisher=[[Yahoo! Sports]]|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/alyssa-thompson-goal-nwsl-debut-angel-city-031206736.html|access-date=March 27, 2023}}</ref> On April 11, she score de game-opener against Portland Thorns FC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sepich |first=Scott |date=April 29, 2023 |title=Goalkeeper Bella Bixby's goal rescues 3–3 draw for Portland Thorns in wild finish |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/portland-thorns/2023/04/goalkeeper-bella-bixbys-goal-rescues-3-3-draw-for-portland-thorns-in-wild-finish.html |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=The Oregonian}}</ref> She be named NWSL Rookie of de Month for ein performance during March–April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 9, 2023 |title=Teenage USWNT prospect Alyssa Thompson dazzles in rookie NWSL campaign |url=https://www.soccerwire.com/news/teenage-uswnt-prospect-alyssa-thompson-dazzles-in-rookie-nwsl-campaign/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=SoccerWire}}</ref> Thompson ein third regular season goal be de opening goal insyd de team ein 3–2 win against Kansas City Current.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vertelney |first=Seth |date=May 8, 2023 |title=Angel City's wonderteen Alyssa Thompson only scores bangers |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/2023/05/08/uswnt-alyssa-thompson-scores-again-angel-city-nwsl/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=[[USA Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hruby |first=Emma |date=May 6, 2023 |title=Watch: Alyssa Thompson scores golazo for Angel City FC |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/alyssa-thompson-goal-angel-city-fc/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> On June 5, she provide de assist for [[Sydney Leroux]] ein first goal den game of de season (after returning from an ankle injury insyd de previous season).<ref>{{Cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=June 5, 2023 |title=Sydney Leroux scores in season debut, but Angel City comes up short against Red Stars |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2023-06-05/angel-city-chicago-red-stars-nwsl-game-recap |access-date=June 24, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> Thompson fini ein first season for Angel City plus four goals den two assists insyd regular-season games on de way to de clubs first playoffs appearance, wey na dem sanso name am as one of de nominees for Rookie of de Year at de conclusion of de season.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2023 |title=National Women's Soccer League Official Site {{!}} NWSL |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/2023-nwsl-end-of-year-awards-rookie-of-the-year-presented-by-ally-finalists |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=www.nwslsoccer.com}}</ref> [[File:Alyssa_Thompson_2024-01_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Thompson dey play give Angel City insyd 2024]] On May 3, 2024, insyd Angel City ein first game against de Utah Royals, Thompson make ein third assist of de season, wey she cam be de youngest player insyd NWSL history den de first player for Angel City to record assists insyd three consecutive matches.<ref>{{Cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=May 4, 2024 |title=Sydney Leroux and Claire Emslie score to power Angel City past Utah |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2024-05-03/sydney-leroux-claire-emslie-angel-city-utah |access-date=May 6, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> On May 18, 2024, insyd an away match against Washington Spirit, Thompson start alongside ein younger sisto [[Gisele Thompson|Gisele]], wich mark de first time insyd NWSL history wey two sistos be named to de starting lineup of de same team.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Women's Soccer League Official Site {{!}} NWSL |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/ |access-date=May 20, 2024 |website=www.nwslsoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> Thompson convert ein first penalty kick give Angel City on August 1, 2024, insyd a shootout against San Diego Wave FC during de 2024 NWSL x Liga MX Femenil Summer Cup to ensure a spot insyd de knockout stage of de tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2, 2024 |title=Angel City Advances to Summer Cup Semifinal Following Penalty Shootout {{!}} 8.1.24 |url=https://angelcity.com/angel-city-football-club-news/angel-city-advances-to-summer-cup-semifinal-following-penalty-shootout-8.1.24 |access-date=August 21, 2024 |website=angelcity.com |language=en}}</ref> Thompson sanso converet ein first non-shootout penalty for Angel City a few weeks later insyd a friendly against Liga MX Femenil team FC Juárez on August 18, 2024, ein first goal of de 2024 season.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Calhoun |first=Damian |date=August 19, 2024 |title=Messiah Bright scores a hat trick as Angel City routs FC Juarez in exhibition |url=https://www.dailynews.com/2024/08/18/messiah-bright-scores-a-hat-trick-as-angel-city-routs-fc-juarez-in-friendly/ |access-date=August 21, 2024 |website=Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref> Thompson score ein first career brace den ein first regular-season goals of de 2024 season on August 24, 2024, insyd an away match against San Diego Wave FC to secure a 1–2 victory. Thompson cam be de second teenager after [[Mallory Swanson]] to score multiple goals insyd a regular-season NWSL match.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=August 24, 2024 |title=Alyssa Thompson scores twice as Angel City defeats San Diego to end losing streak |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2024-08-24/alyssa-thompson-scores-angel-city-san-diego-wave |access-date=August 25, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> On September 6, 2024, Thompson be named to de NWSL Team of de Month for de first time for de month of August 2024, playing insyd three games thru out August, Thompson register 11 tackles won den six shots, three on target.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=NWSL |date=September 6, 2024 |title=NWSL Announces August Best XI of the Month, Presented by Amazon Prime {{!}} National Women's Soccer League Official Site |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-august-best-xi-of-the-month-presented-by-amazon-prime |access-date=September 6, 2024 |website=NWSL |language=en}}</ref> Thompson notch three goals den one assist thru out September to make de Best XI insyd back-to-back months.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=NWSL |date=October 4, 2024 |title=NWSL Announces September Best XI of the Month, presented by Amazon Prime {{!}} NWSL Announces September Best XI of the Month, presented by Amazon Prime {{!}} National Women's Soccer League Official Site |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-september-best-xi-of-the-month-presented-by-amazon-prime |access-date=October 4, 2024 |website=NWSL |language=en}}</ref> Thompson conclude ein sophomore season plus a record of 5 goals den 7 assists, securing de second-highest assist total insyd de league, while sanso dey lead Angel City FC insyd total goal contributions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson Stats, Goals, Records, Assists, Cups and more |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/2fcc0a10/Alyssa-Thompson |access-date=December 21, 2024 |website=FBref.com |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Alyssa_Thompson_2024-02.jpg|left|thumb|Thompson dey play give Angel City insyd 2024]] On January 29, 2025, ahead of de 2025 season, Angel City announce say dem sign a contract extension plus Thompson, keeping am den ein sisto at de club til 2028.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=January 29, 2025 |title=Angel City extends contracts with forward Alyssa Thompson and defender Gisele Thompson |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2025-01-29/angel-city-extends-contracts-alyssa-giselle-thompson |access-date=January 29, 2025 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> On April 12, 2025, Thompson make ein 50th-regular season appearance insyd de NWSL, wey she contribute an assist den a goal insyd a 3–1 victory against de Houston Dash, wey she sanso cam be de second-youngest player to reach 10 goals den 10 assists insyd de NWSL.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff and wire reports |date=April 13, 2025 |title=Angel City gets a road victory against the Dash |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2025-04-12/angel-city-gets-a-road-victory-against-houston-dash |access-date=April 13, 2025 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> On May 2, 2025, Thompson assist ein sisto ein first NWSL goal insyd a 4–3 victory against Washington Spirit, wey dem cam be de first sistos to combine for a goal insyd de NWSL.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vertelney |first=Seth |title=Thompson sisters make historic connection for Gisele's first NWSL goal |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/story/sports/nwsl/2025/05/02/alyssa-thompson-assists-sister-gisele-first-nwsl-goal/83420902007/ |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pro Soccer Wire |language=en-US}}</ref> On May 24, 2025, Thompson convert ein penalty kick against Racing Louisville FC, to score de 100th regular-season goal insyd Angel City ein history, den plus ein goal she cam be de all-time leading regular-season goal scorer give Angel City, ultimately de match end as a 2–3 defeat. Na de goal sanso be Thompson ein 25th goal contribution insyd de NWSL regular season, wey e make am de youngest player to reach de milestone.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 25, 2025 |title=TST Images: Racing Louisville FC defeats Angel City FC, 3–2 at BMO Stadium |url=https://www.thesportingtribune.com/2025/05/24/racinglouisville-angelcity-photos |access-date=May 25, 2025 |website=The Sporting Tribune |language=en}}</ref> On July 26, 2025, Thompson score ein first professional hat-trick, insyd a friendly against Carolina Ascent FC at BMO Stadium.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 26, 2025 |title=Angel City Football Club Notches 4–2 Victory over USL Super League Club Carolina Ascent FC at BMO Stadium |url=https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/angel-city-football-club-notches-4-2-victory-over-usl-super-league-club-carolina-ascent-fc-at-bmo-stadium/n-6260753 |access-date=August 3, 2025 |website=OurSports Central |language=en}}</ref> === Chelsea === Insyd September 2025, Thompson enter into talks plus English club Chelsea regarding a potential transfer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=September 1, 2025 |title=Chelsea in talks with Angel City over USA forward Alyssa Thompson |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c9393pvknd0o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> On September 5, 2025, na e be officially announced say Chelsea sign am for a club record fee of just under £1m from Angel City, wey de club unveil am to fans at Stamford Bridge prior to dema first WSL match of de season against Manchester City on de same day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=September 5, 2025 |title=Chelsea sign USA's Thompson for club record fee |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cvgnl4gr2dgo |website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=September 6, 2025 |title=Sonia Bompastor on Alyssa Thompson: 'She will have a big impact!' |url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/article/sonia-bompastor-on-alyssa-thompson-she-will-have-a-big-impact |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250915085119/https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/article/sonia-bompastor-on-alyssa-thompson-she-will-have-a-big-impact |archive-date=September 15, 2025 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=Chelsea F.C.}}</ref> Thompson make ein debut give Chelsea on September 14 during a 3–1 WSL victory against Aston Villa.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Salley |first1=Emily |date=September 14, 2025 |title=Aston Villa 1–3 Chelsea: Sam Kerr scores on return as defending champions win |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c99gxz3jjdlt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250915083507/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c99gxz3jjdlt |archive-date=September 15, 2025 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> She score ein first goal give de club on October 15, insyd de Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 15, 2025 |title=Chelsea 2–1 Paris FC: Alyssa Thompson 'a real bright spark' but best 'is still to come' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cx2lmzmmgvzo |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> On March 15, 2026, Thompson win ein first trophy plus Chelsea after starting insyd de 2025–26 FA Women's League Cup final insyd wich she help ein team beat Manchester United 2–0 at Ashton Gate.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=March 15, 2026 |title=Chelsea 2–0 Manchester United |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cx24ml4d1l2t |access-date=March 15, 2026 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> == International career == [[File:Alyssa_Thompson_USWNT_v_Colombia_Mar_7_2026-181.jpg|right|thumb|Thompson insyd 2026]] Thompson represent de United States on de United States senior national team as well as de under-20 national team. Insyd 2022, she help lead de under-20 national team to win gold at de 2022 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship, playing insyd five matches den scoring three goals.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2021 |title=Stats |url=https://www.concacaf.com/en/under-20s-women/stats/ |website=Concacaf}}</ref> At de 2022 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup insyd Costa Rica, she play insyd three matches wey she score one goal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Unity is strength for ambitious USA |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/usa-ghana-fifa-u20-womens-world-cup-2022-jaedyn-shaw-tracey-kevins |access-date=July 16, 2023 |website=[[FIFA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sondheimer |first=Eric |date=March 27, 2022 |title=Harvard-Westlake's Alyssa Thompson speeds back to class and track team |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2022-03-27/harvard-westlake-alyssa-thompson-back-to-class-track-soccer |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Thompson be called up to de senior national team insyd September 2022 wey na she be de youngest player since [[Sophia Smith (soccer, born 2000)|Sophia Smith]] insyd 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Laase |first=Eden |date=September 29, 2022 |title=Teen star Alyssa Thompson earns her first USWNT call-up |url=https://justwomenssports.com/uswnt-roster-alyssa-thompson-call-up-teenager/ |website=Just Women's Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Henry |first=Larry, Jr. |date=October 1, 2022 |title=Andonovski on Alyssa Thompson's first USWNT call-up: "She will fit in our system" – SBI Soccer |url=https://sbisoccer.com/2022/10/andonovski-on-alyssa-thompsons-first-uswnt-call-up-she-will-fit-in-our-system |website=sbisoccer.com}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|last=Ingemi|first=Marisa|date=September 29, 2022|title=Stanford commit Alyssa Thompson is USWNT's youngest call-up in 5 years|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/article/Stanford-commit-Alyssa-Thompson-is-USWNT-s-17476623.php|website=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref> On October 7, 2022, she make ein senior national team debut at Wembley Stadium during a friendly against England in front of 90,000 fans.<ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/alyssa-thompson-is-already-breaking-barriers-before-her-first-nwsl-pro-game-with-angel-city-fc/|title=Alyssa Thompson is already breaking barriers before her first NWSL pro game with Angel City FC|date=January 20, 2023|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[CBS Sports]]|first=Sandra|last=Herrera}}</ref> On April 9, 2023, Thompson be called up to de senior team to replace an injured [[Mallory Swanson]] insyd a friendly dem schedule for April 11 against Ireland.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailynews.com/2023/04/09/angel-city-fcs-alyssa-thompson-to-join-uswnt-for-ireland-game/|title=Angel City FC's Alyssa Thompson to join USWNT for Ireland game|date=April 9, 2023|access-date=April 11, 2023|work=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|first=Damian|last=Calhoun}}</ref> Insyd June of de same year, she be named to de U.S. squad for de 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup insyd Australia den New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sanders|first=Emma|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/65978315|title=Women's World Cup 2023: Morgan and Rapinoe named in USA World Cup squad|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> She make ein debut during de team ein first group stage match, a 3–0 win against Vietnam.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 21, 2023 |title=Women's World Cup 2023 highlights: USWNT tops Vietnam, 3–0 |url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/soccer/world-cup-2023-top-plays-united-states-vietnam |access-date=July 24, 2023 |work=Fox Sports}}</ref> Thompson record ein first assist for de senior national team on October 29, 2023, setting up [[Jaedyn Shaw]] ein goal insyd a 3–0 win insyd a friendly against Colombia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USWNT vs. Colombia: Score, Highlights & Match Recap {{!}} U.S. Soccer Official Website |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/10/uswnt-vs-colombia-10-29-23-score-highlights-match-recap-goals-stats |access-date=September 7, 2024 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> After missing de 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup secof a minor back injury,<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 7, 2024 |title=USWNT forward Thompson misses W Gold Cup with back injury |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/2024/02/07/uswnt-alyssa-thompson-back-injury-w-gold-cup/ |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=Pro Soccer Wire |language=en-US}}</ref> Thompson be called back into de national team insyd October 2024 for de teams Olympic gold medal victory tour. Insyd wat be ein tenth cap, Thompson score ein first international goal against Iceland, de first goal insyd de match to secure a 3–1 victory.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Kari |date=October 25, 2024 |title=Watch USWNT forward Alyssa Thompson score her first international goal off a stunning finish |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/watch-uswnt-forward-alyssa-thompson-score-her-first-international-goal-off-a-stunning-finish-155130405.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=Yahoo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> On February 11, 2025, Thompson be called up for de 2025 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hayes Names 23-Player USWNT Roster for 2025 SheBelieves Cup, Presented by Visa |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/02/us-womens-national-team-roster-players-2025-shebelieves-cup |access-date=February 27, 2025 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> She be called up alongside ein younger sisto Gisele for de first time, wich mark de third time sistos be called up to de same roster on de US senior team.On February 20, 2025, Alyssa start de second SheBelieves Cup match against Australia alongside ein sisto, wey na dem cam be de second pair of sistos to play give de national team insyd de same match.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tolmich |first=Ryan |date=February 24, 2025 |title=USWNT player ratings vs Australia: Ever-reliable Lynn Biyendolo an agent of change as Emma Hayes completely turns over starting XI in SheBelieves Cup triumph {{!}} Goal.com US |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/lists/uswnt-australia-player-ratings-shebelieves-cup/blt304087f1e01490b3 |access-date=February 27, 2025 |website=www.goal.com |language=en-US}}</ref> On March 7, 2026, Thompson score an 82nd minute winning goal vs Colombia to earn ein country a 1–0 victory wich help de USWNT win de SheBelieves Cup for de eighth time overall wey na dem name am Most Valuable Player of de tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2026 Shebelieves Cup USWNT vs Columbia result |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/03/uswnt/us-womens-national-team-defeat-colombia-1-0-on-late-goal-from-alyssa-thompson-to-win-its-eighth-shebelieves-cup |access-date=March 7, 2026 |work=U.S. Soccer}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Griffin|first=Tamerra|date=2026-03-08|title=Alyssa Thompson's goal secures USWNT's eighth SheBelieves Cup victory|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7097680/2026/03/07/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-shebelieves-cup-victory/|access-date=2026-05-08|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Playing style == Insyd July 2023 de BBC say dat ein "pace den tenacity be stand-out features".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Johnston|first=Neil|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66286563|title=Women's World Cup 2023: The rise of United States teenage forward Alyssa Thompson|date=July 26, 2023|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Personal life == Thompson be of African-American, Filipino den Peruvian descent.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cauich |first=Eduard |date=July 17, 2023 |title=Madre de mundialista Alyssa Thompson, recalca las raíces peruanas y sacrificios de su hija |url=https://www.latimes.com/espanol/deportes/articulo/2023-07-17/madre-de-mundialista-alyssa-thompson-recalca-las-raices-peruanas-y-sacrificios-de-su-hija |website=Los Angeles Times |language=es-us}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Davies|first1=Amanda|author-link1=Amanda Davies|last2=Howorth|first2=Alasdair|title=High schooler by day, professional soccer player by night: Alyssa Thompson is doing it all|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/02/25/football/alyssa-thompson-nwsl-draft-world-cup-spt-intl/index.html|access-date=February 26, 2023|work=CNN|date=February 25, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2022 |title=Alyssa Thompson: Futbolista de madre peruana debutó con la selección de Estados Unidos |url=https://www.americatv.com.pe/deportes/futbol-mundial/alyssa-thompson-futbolista-madre-peruana-debuto-seleccion-estados-unidos-n430440 |website=americadeportes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Líbero |first=Redacción |date=October 10, 2022 |title=Pudo defender a Perú pero acaba de debutar en la selección absoluta de Estados Unidos |url=https://libero.pe/futbol-internacional/2022/10/09/alyssa-thompson-era-seleccionable-peru-pero-acaba-debutar-otra-seleccion-nivel-mayores-83331 |website=libero.pe}}</ref> Ein parents be Mario den Karen<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson {{!}} USWNT {{!}} U.S. Soccer Official Site |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/players/t/alyssa-thompson |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> wey she get two younger sistos, [[Gisele Thompson|Gisele]] den Zoe.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last=Sondheimer |first=Eric |date=September 11, 2020 |title=Thompson sisters are rising soccer stars with an eye on Stanford |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2020-09-11/thompson-sisters-soccer-stars-heading-to-stanford |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Alyssa Thompson: USWNT prospect playing alongside the boys to fuel Olympic dream &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/alyssa-thompson-uswnt-prospect-fuel-olympic-dream/blt5a9779ffd5828402 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> Gisele dey play give Angel City FC.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Baxter|first1=Kevin|title=Teen Gisele Thompson, sister of Alyssa Thompson, signs three-year deal with Angel City|url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/angel-city-fc/story/2023-12-07/angel-city-signs-alyssa-thompsons-sister|access-date=December 9, 2023|work=Los Angeles Times|date=December 7, 2023}}</ref> Thompson sanso dey run track, den insyd April 2022, she run 100m insyd 11.74 seconds, wich be de second fastest 100m sprint insyd 2022 up to dat date insyd California.<ref name="espn-draft">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nwsl/story/4907352/nwsl-angel-city-fc-alyssa-thompson-draft-pick-prodigy|title=Why Alyssa Thompson's path to stardom shifted into hyperspeed|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=April 10, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Charlotte|last=Gibson}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Sondheimer|first=Eric|url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2022-04-28/soccer-star-alyssa-thompson-runs-second-fastest-100-meters-in-california|title=Soccer star Alyssa Thompson runs second fastest 100 meters in California|date=April 29, 2022|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=April 10, 2023}}</ref> === Endorsements === Insyd May 2022, Thompson den ein sisto Gisele sign a name, image, and likeness deal plus Nike at ages 17 den 16 respectively, becoming de first high school athletes to do so.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nike signs sister soccer players to company's first high school name, image and likeness deal|url=https://www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/33933056/nike-inc-signs-sister-soccer-players-company-first-high-school-name-image-likeness-deal|work=[[ESPN]]|date=May 17, 2022|access-date=August 9, 2023|first=Tom|last=VanHaaren}}</ref> Insyd July 2023, she appear insyd a commercial give Volkswagen.<ref>{{cite web |title=Volkswagen Atlas Cross Sport TV Spot, 'The Juggle' Ft. Alyssa Thompson, Emily Fox, Andi Sullivan |url=https://www.ispot.tv/ad/1cw1/volkswagen-atlas-cross-sport-the-juggle-ft-alyssa-thompson-emily-fox-andi-sullivan-spanish-t |access-date=July 28, 2023 |publisher=ispot.tv}}</ref> === Television den film === Thompson be featured insyd episode 3 of de documentary series ''Angel City'' insyd 2023.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |title=Alyssa Paola Thompson |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm14684744/?ref_=fn_al_nm_3 |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=IMDB}}</ref> Thompson appear insyd de Netflix documentary series, ''Under Pressure: The U.S. Women's World Cup Team'', wich follow de U.S. women's national team as dem compete insyd de 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflix Will Shoot the US Women's Soccer Team's Upcoming World Cup Journey |url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/us-womens-soccer-world-cup-series-new |access-date=July 17, 2023 |website=Netflix Tudum |language=en}}</ref> She sanso appear alongside ein sisto Gisele as cameos insyd de Netflix film ''Family Switch''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=All the Freaky References Going On in 'Family Switch' |url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/family-switch-references-easter-eggs |website=Netflix Tudum}}</ref> ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {{updated|match played May 16, 2026}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/alyssa-thompson/634627/ |title=USA – A. Thompson |access-date=April 10, 2023 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances den goals by club, season den competition !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|National cup !colspan="2"|League cup !colspan="2"|Continental !colspan="2"|Oda !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="4"|[[Angel City FC]] |[[2023 Angel City FC season|2023]] |rowspan="3"|[[National Women's Soccer League|NWSL]] |20||4||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||1||0||23||4 |- |[[2024 Angel City FC season|2024]] |26||5||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||4||0||30||5 |- |[[2025 Angel City FC season|2025]] |16||6||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||16||6 |- !colspan="2"|Total !62!!15!!2!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!5!!0!!69!!15 |- |[[Chelsea F.C. Women|Chelsea]] |[[2025–26 Chelsea F.C. Women season|2025–26]] |[[Women's Super League]] |20||7||4||1||2||0||7||1||colspan="2" |—||33||9 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !82!!22!!6!!1!!2!!0!!7!!1!!5!!0!!102!!24 |} ===International=== {{updated|match played June 6, 2026<ref name = "US">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/players/t/alyssa-thompson|title=Alyssa Thompson &#124; USWNT &#124; U.S. Soccer Official Site|website=www.ussoccer.com}}</ref>}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances den goals by national team den year |- !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan=5|[[United States women's national soccer team|United States]] |[[2022 in American soccer#Women's|2022]]||2||0 |- |[[2023 in American soccer#Women's|2023]]||7||0 |- |[[2024 in American soccer#Women's|2024]]||4||1 |- |[[2025 in American soccer#Women's|2025]]||13||2 |- |[[2026 in American soccer#Women's|2026]]|| 6 || 1 |- !colspan=2 |Total!! 32 !! 4 |} :''Scores den results list United States ein goal tally first, score column dey indicate score after each Thompson goal.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ List of international goals wey Alyssa Thompson score |- !scope="col"|No. !scope="col"|Date !scope="col"|Venue !scope="col"|Opponent !scope="col"|Score !scope="col"|Result !scope="col"|Competition !scope="col" class="unsortable"|{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- |style="text-align:center"|1 |{{dts|2024–10–24}} |[[Q2 Stadium]], [[Austin, Texas]], United States |{{fbw|ISL}} |style="text-align:center"|1–0 |style="text-align:center"|3–1 | rowspan="3" |[[Friendly (association football)|Friendly]] |<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Women's National Team Downs Iceland 3–1 in First Match Following Olympic Gold |url=https://ussoccer.com/stories/2024/10/usa-vs-iceland-score-result-highlights-match-recap-oct-24 |access-date=September 6, 2025 |website=ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> |- | style="text-align: center;" |2 |June 26, 2025 |[[Dick's Sporting Goods Park]], [[Commerce City, Colorado]], United States |{{fbw|IRL}} |style="text-align:center"|4–0 |style="text-align:center"|4–0 |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Thompson lands 4th goal for USWNT against Ireland |url=https://www.nbcsports.com/watch/alyssa-thompson-lands-4th-goal-for-uswnt-against-ireland |access-date=September 6, 2025 |website=NBC Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | style="text-align: center;" |3 |June 29, 2025 |[[TQL Stadium]], [[Cincinnati|Cincinnati, Ohio]], United States |{{fbw|IRL}} | style="text-align:center" |4–0 |style="text-align:center"|4–0 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Women's National Team Defeats Ireland 4–0 to Reach 600 Wins in 40th Year of the USWNT Program |url=https://ussoccer.com/stories/2025/06/uswnt-lynn-biyendolo-ireland-alyssa-thompson |access-date=September 6, 2025 |website=ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> |- | style="text-align: center;" |4 |March 7, 2026 |[[Sports Illustrated Stadium]], [[Harrison, New Jersey]], United States |{{fbw|COL}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 |style="text-align:center"|1–0 |[[2026 SheBelieves Cup]] |<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Women's National Team Defeat Colombia 1–0 On Late Goal From Alyssa Thompson to Win Its Eighth SheBelieves Cup, Presented By Visa |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/03/uswnt/us-womens-national-team-defeat-colombia-1-0-on-late-goal-from-alyssa-thompson-to-win-its-eighth-shebelieves-cup |date=March 8, 2026 |access-date=March 8, 2026 |website=ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> |} ==Honors den awards== '''Chelsea''' * [[Women's League Cup]]: [[2025–26 Women's League Cup|2025–26]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sanders |first1=Emma |title=Chelsea 2–0 Manchester United: Lauren James and Aggie-Beever Jones score in League Cup final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cx24ml4d1l2t |website=BBC Sport |access-date=March 15, 2026 |date=March 15, 2026 |archive-date=March 15, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260315185726/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cx24ml4d1l2t |url-status=live }}</ref> '''United States''' * [[SheBelieves Cup]]: [[2026 SheBelieves Cup|2026]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=2026 Shebelieves Cup USWNT vs Columbia result |url= https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/03/uswnt/us-womens-national-team-defeat-colombia-1-0-on-late-goal-from-alyssa-thompson-to-win-its-eighth-shebelieves-cup |access-date=March 7, 2026 |work=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> '''United States U20''' * [[CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship]]: [[2022 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship|2022]]<ref>{{cite press release |date=March 12, 2022 |title=USA Wins Concacaf Women's U-20 Championship With 2–0 Victory Over Mexico |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/03/2022-concacaf-womens-u-20-championship-usa-2-mexico-0-match-report-stats-standings |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=US Soccer |language=en}}</ref> '''Individual''' * [[Gatorade Player of the Year awards|Gatorade National Soccer Player of the Year]]: 2021<ref>{{cite web |title=2020–2021 Gatorade National Girls Soccer Player of the Year |url=https://playeroftheyear.gatorade.com/winner/alyssa-thompson/38437 |publisher=Gatorade |access-date=June 24, 2023}}</ref> * [[NWSL Rookie of the Month]]: March/April 2023<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/angel-city-fc-forward-alyssa-thompson-named-march-april-rookie-of-the-month-presented-by-ally |title=Angel City FC Forward Alyssa Thompson Named March/April Rookie of the Month, Presented by Ally |date=May 4, 2023 |access-date=May 4, 2023 |publisher=[[National Women's Soccer League]]}}</ref> * [[NWSL Team of the Month]]: 2024: August, September<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> * [[SheBelieves Cup]] Most Valuable Player: [[2026 SheBelieves Cup|2026]]<ref name=":2" /> == References == <references /> == External links == {{commons}} * {{soccerway}} * [https://www.angelcity.com/club/roster/alyssa-thompson Alyssa Thompson] at [[Angel City FC]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Thompson, Alyssa}} [[Category:2004 births]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:American women's soccer players]] [[Category:Women's association football forwards]] [[Category:United States women's under-20 international soccer players]] [[Category:United States women's international soccer players]] [[Category:Harvard-Westlake School alumni]] [[Category:African-American soccer players]] [[Category:American people of Filipino descent]] [[Category:Sportspeople of Filipino descent]] [[Category:American people of Peruvian descent]] [[Category:Sportspeople of Peruvian descent]] [[Category:First overall NWSL draft picks]] [[Category:Angel City FC draft picks]] [[Category:Angel City FC players]] [[Category:National Women's Soccer League players]] [[Category:2023 FIFA Women's World Cup players]] [[Category:21st-century American sportswomen]] [[Category:Soccer players wey komot Los Angeles]] [[Category:21st-century African-American women]] [[Category:People wey komot Studio City, Los Angeles]] [[Category:United States women's youth international soccer players]] [[Category:American expatriate sportspeople insyd England]] [[Category:Expatriate women's footballers insyd England]] [[Category:American expatriate women's soccer players]] [[Category:Women's Super League players]] 90yytcyuf082c6z3isshdp2iobqn9e0 Phallon Tullis-Joyce 0 29679 110106 110103 2026-08-18T12:04:24Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the section "Personal life" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354540154|Phallon Tullis-Joyce]]" 110106 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Phallon Abaigeal Tullis-Joyce''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|b|ɪ|ɡ|eɪ|l}}; born October 19, 1996) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a goalkeeper give English Women's Super League club Manchester United den de United States national team.<ref name="signUnited">{{cite web |date=September 14, 2023 |title=United complete signing of Tullis-Joyce |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-women-sign-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-on-a-permanent-deal |access-date=September 14, 2023 |website=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United}}</ref> She previously play college soccer give de Miami Hurricanes den professionally give French Division 1 Féminine club Reims den OL Reign of de National Women's Soccer League.<ref>{{cite web |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce |url=http://www.statsfootofeminin.fr/joueur.php?joueur=10810 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101130343/https://www.statsfootofeminin.fr/joueur.php?joueur=10810 |archive-date=November 1, 2021 |accessdate=January 23, 2019 |publisher=footofeminin.fr |language=french}}</ref> == Early life den education == Dem born den raise am on Long Island, New York, Tullis-Joyce attend Longwood High School wer na she be a five year varsity player den most valuable player (MVP).<ref name="um-bio">{{cite web |date=June 2, 2017 |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce |url=https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410110851/https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |archive-date=April 10, 2021 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=University of Miami}}</ref> A multiple-award winner, Tullis-Joyce be named all-league, all-conference den all-county ein last three seasons den Named League 1 Player of de Year insyd 2012.<ref name="um-bio" /> She sanso be named to de state team insyd 2012-13.<ref name="um-bio" /> Tullis-Joyce play club soccer give Match Fit Colchesters wey she help lead de team to de US Youth National League Championship insyd 2013. She previously play give de Farmingdale United den WPSL FC Westchester Elite.<ref name="um-bio">{{cite web |date=June 2, 2017 |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce |url=https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410110851/https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |archive-date=April 10, 2021 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=University of Miami}}</ref> She play give de Eastern New York Olympic Development Program (ODP) as well as de regional ODP team.<ref name="um-bio" /> Tullis-Joyce attend de University of Miami wer she play collegiate soccer give Miami Hurricanes.<ref name="eqz">{{cite news|last1=Halloran|first1=John D.|title=American goalkeeper finds an unexpected dream in an unexpected place|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2020/02/21/american-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-professional-france-stade-de-reims-interview/|access-date=10 April 2021|publisher=The Equalizer|date=February 21, 2020|archive-date=April 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410110851/https://equalizersoccer.com/2020/02/21/american-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-professional-france-stade-de-reims-interview/|url-status=live}}</ref> As a redshirt freshman, she start insyd goal nine times, she make 24 saves, wey she concede 13 goals plus one anaa fewer she allow insyd five of de matches she play.<ref name="um-bio">{{cite web |date=June 2, 2017 |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce |url=https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410110851/https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |archive-date=April 10, 2021 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=University of Miami}}</ref> She rank ninth insyd de Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) insyd shutouts per game (0.22).<ref name="um-bio" /> During ein sophomore season plus de team, Tullis-Joyce be de starting goalkeeper wey dem name am to de All-ACC Academic Team. She earn NSCAA College Player of de Week ACC Defensive Player of de Week honors insyd September 2016.<ref name="um-bio" /> == Club career == === Reims, 2019–2021 === Tullis-Joyce declare give de 2019 NWSL College Draft buh na dem no select am.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 9, 2019 |title=Final list of players registered for the 2019 NWSL College Draft |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/final-list-of-players-registered-for-the-2019-nwsl-college-draft |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104025602/https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/final-list-of-players-registered-for-the-2019-nwsl-college-draft |archive-date=January 4, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2023 |website=www.nwslsoccer.com}}</ref> On January 19, 2019, Tullis-Joyce sign plus French Division 2 club Stade de Reims.<ref name="reims">{{cite web |date=January 20, 2019 |title=Tullis-Joyce Inks Pro Deal with France's Stade de Reims |url=https://hurricanesports.com/news/2019/1/20/womens-soccer-tullis-joyce-inks-pro-deal-with-frances-stade-de-reims.aspx |accessdate=January 23, 2020}}</ref> She make ein debut on April 14, 2019 insyd a 4–0 league win against Brest.<ref name="debut">{{cite web |title=Championnat de France de D2 2018-2019 - Groupe A - 20e journee - Brest-Reims 0-4 |url=http://www.statsfootofeminin.fr/match.php?id=22549 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921185223/http://www.statsfootofeminin.fr/match.php?id=22549 |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |accessdate=January 23, 2020}}</ref> De team be promoted as champions at de end of de season. During de 2019–20 season, she be de starting goalkeeper insyd 16 matches.<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web |title=P. Tullis-Joyce |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/-/626225/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> Reims fini de regular season insyd eighth place plis a 4–9–3 record.<ref name="soccerway" /> During de 2020–21 season, she start insyd all 22 league matches. Reims fini de season insyd sixth place plus a 9–10–3 record.<ref name="soccerway" /> === OL Reign, 2021–2023 === [[File:Phallon-rapinoe-kick.jpg|alt=OL Reign goalkeeper Phallon Tullis-Joyce kicks a ball in the air while teammate Megan Rapinoe looks on|right|thumb|Tullis-Joyce dey kick a ball while teammate Megan Rapinoe dey look on during warm-ups before a match, May 2022]] On April 8, 2021, Tullis-Joyce sign a one-and-a-half-year contract plus American NWSL club OL Reign.<ref>{{cite news|title=OL REIGN SIGN GOALKEEPER PHALLON TULLIS-JOYCE THROUGH 2022 SEASON|url=https://www.olreign.com/news/2021/4/8/ol-reign-sign-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-through-2022-season|access-date=10 April 2021|publisher=OL Reign|date=8 April 2021|archive-date=September 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921190725/https://www.olreign.com/news/2021/4/8/ol-reign-sign-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-through-2022-season|url-status=dead}}</ref> During de 2021 season, she be a backup goalkeeper for on-loan French international [[Sarah Bouhaddi]] wey she make one appearance during de season.<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web |title=P. Tullis-Joyce |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/-/626225/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> De Reign fini insyd second place during de regular season plus a 13–8–3 record.<ref>{{cite web |title=2021 National Women's Soccer League |url=https://us.soccerway.com/national/united-states/national-womens-soccer-league/2020/regular-season/r56115/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320223856/https://us.soccerway.com/national/united-states/national-womens-soccer-league/2020/regular-season/r56115/ |archive-date=March 20, 2023 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> After advancing to de NWSL Playoffs, na dem be eliminated by eventual champions Washington Spirit.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 14, 2021 |title=OL Reign season ends with stunning 2-1 home playoff loss to Washington Spirit |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/reign/ol-reign-season-ends-with-stunning-2-1-home-playoff-loss-to-washington-spirit/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922185837/https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/reign/ol-reign-season-ends-with-stunning-2-1-home-playoff-loss-to-washington-spirit/ |archive-date=September 22, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=The Seattle Times}}</ref> Following de departure of Bouhaddi, Tullis-Joyce be de starting goalkeeper during de 2022 season, starting all 30 matches.<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web |title=P. Tullis-Joyce |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/-/626225/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref><ref name="allforxi-0522">{{cite web |last1=Tonelli |first1=Jenna |date=May 2, 2022 |title=For Phallon Tullis-Joyce, the time is now |url=https://www.allforxi.com/2022/5/2/23052842/for-phallon-tullis-joyce-the-time-is-now |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921185221/https://www.allforxi.com/2022/5/2/23052842/for-phallon-tullis-joyce-the-time-is-now |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=All for XI}}</ref> She win five save of de week honors, be named to de NWSL Team of de Month for May wey she earn Challenge Cup Team of de Tournament honors.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 19, 2022 |title=PHALLON TULLIS-JOYCE EARNS FIFTH NWSL SAVE OF THE WEEK HONOR |url=https://www.olreign.com/news/phallon-tullis-joyce-literally-cannot-stop-winning-save-of-the-week#:~:text=The%20National%20Women's%20Soccer%20League,Providence%20Park%20in%20Portland%2C%20Oregon. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921185221/https://www.olreign.com/news/phallon-tullis-joyce-literally-cannot-stop-winning-save-of-the-week#:~:text=The%20National%20Women's%20Soccer%20League,Providence%20Park%20in%20Portland%2C%20Oregon. |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=OL Reign}}</ref><ref name="22Cup">{{Cite web |title=Four OL Reign Players Named to 2022 NWSL Challenge Cup All-Tournament Team |url=https://www.olreign.com/news/four-ol-reign-players-named-to-2022-nwsl-challenge-cup-all-tournament-team |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017212103/https://www.olreign.com/news/four-ol-reign-players-named-to-2022-nwsl-challenge-cup-all-tournament-team |archive-date=October 17, 2022 |access-date=October 17, 2022 |website=OL REIGN: WE ARE THE BOLD}}</ref> She sanso be nominated for NWSL Goalkeeper of de Year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2022/10/26/kailen-sheridan-named-2022-nwsl-goalkeeper-of-the-year/|title=Kailen Sheridan named 2022 NWSL Goalkeeper of the Year|last=Kassouf|first=Jeff|date=October 26, 2022|website=The Equalizer|access-date=2024-06-27|archive-date=July 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724022516/https://equalizersoccer.com/2022/10/26/kailen-sheridan-named-2022-nwsl-goalkeeper-of-the-year/|url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd July 2022, she sign a contract extension thru de 2024 season plus de Reign.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cristobol |first1=Jacob |date=July 6, 2022 |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce signs contract extension with OL Reign |url=https://www.sounderatheart.com/seattle-reign/2022/7/6/23196926/phallon-tullis-joyce-ol-reign-contract-extension |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921185221/https://www.sounderatheart.com/seattle-reign/2022/7/6/23196926/phallon-tullis-joyce-ol-reign-contract-extension |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Sounder at Heart}}</ref> === Manchester United, 2023–present === On September 14, 2023, Tullis-Joyce sign give Manchester United.<ref name="signUnited">{{cite web |date=September 14, 2023 |title=United complete signing of Tullis-Joyce |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-women-sign-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-on-a-permanent-deal |access-date=September 14, 2023 |website=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United}}</ref> De club reportedly pay a transfer fee of $160,000, a record fee give a female goalkeeper.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 15, 2023 |title=USWNT goalkeeping prospect leaves NWSL for Manchester United |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/phallon-tullis-joyce-nwsl-manchester-united-uswnt/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002044945/https://justwomenssports.com/reads/phallon-tullis-joyce-nwsl-manchester-united-uswnt/ |archive-date=October 2, 2023 |access-date=September 15, 2023 |website=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> She make ein debut on November 9, 2023, keeping a clean sheet insyd a 7–0 win over Everton insyd de 2023–24 FA Women's League Cup group stage.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tullis-Joyce: It was an incredible team effort |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/phallon-tullis-joyce-reacts-following-her-man-utd-women-debut-10-november |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726233854/https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/phallon-tullis-joyce-reacts-following-her-man-utd-women-debut-10-november |archive-date=July 26, 2024 |access-date=July 26, 2024 |website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> Tullis-Joyce start all four group stage games, ein only appearances of de season as backup behind [[Mary Earps]], as she keep two clean sheets wey she concede three goals. Manchester United fini as runners-up insyd de group buh na dem no qualify for de knockout stage.<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web |title=P. Tullis-Joyce |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/-/626225/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> Dey follow de departure of Earps insyd summer 2024, Tullis-Joyce inherit de starting keeper role. She make ein WSL debut on September 21, starting den keeping a clean sheet insyd an opening day 3–0 win at Old Trafford.<ref>{{cite web |title=United Women 3 West Ham 0 |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-women-vs-west-ham-utd-wsl-21-september-2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921153604/https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-women-vs-west-ham-utd-wsl-21-september-2024 |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |access-date=September 21, 2024 |website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> On April 25, 2025, she extend ein contract plus de club til June 2028.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 25, 2025 |title=USWNT's Phallon Tullis-Joyce signs new Man United contract |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/44851734/uswnt-phallon-tullis-joyce-signs-new-man-united-contract |access-date=April 25, 2025}}</ref> Tullis-Joyce keep 13 clean sheets during de 2024–25 WSL season, sharing de Golden Glove award plus Chelsea ein [[Hannah Hampton]].<ref name="2425GoldenGlove">{{Cite web |last=Spencer |first=Jamie |date=May 10, 2025 |title=Tullis-Joyce shares 24/25 WSL Golden Glove |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/phallon-tullis-joyce-shares-wsl-golden-glove-for-2024-25-season |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250510224745/https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/phallon-tullis-joyce-shares-wsl-golden-glove-for-2024-25-season |archive-date=May 10, 2025 |access-date=May 10, 2025 |website=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United}}</ref> == International career == Insyd June 2022, Tullis-Joyce be included insyd United States national team ein 59-player provisional squad for de 2022 CONCACAF W Championship.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lavelle, Rapinoe, Morgan headline USWNT's World Cup Qualifying provisional roster|url=https://sbisoccer.com/2022/06/lavelle-rapinoe-morgan-headline-uswnt-provisional-world-cup-qualifying-roster?amp=1|date=9 June 2022|access-date=9 June 2022|archive-date=June 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609093442/https://sbisoccer.com/2022/06/lavelle-rapinoe-morgan-headline-uswnt-provisional-world-cup-qualifying-roster?amp=1|url-status=live}}</ref> On November 18, 2024, she receive ein first official senior call-up for de friendly matches against England den de Netherlands.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 18, 2024 |title=Emma Hayes Names U.S. Women’s National Team Roster for Friendlies in England and The Netherlands against Last Two European Champions |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/11/hayes-names-24-player-uswnt-roster-for-friendlies-in-england-and-the-netherlands |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250407144837/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/11/hayes-names-24-player-uswnt-roster-for-friendlies-in-england-and-the-netherlands |archive-date=April 7, 2025 |access-date=November 18, 2024 |website=US Soccer}}</ref> Tullis-Joyce make ein senior international debut on April 5, 2025, keeping a clean sheet insyd a 2–0 friendly win against Brazil.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 5, 2025 |title=USWNT Downs Brazil 2-0 on Goals From Trinity Rodman and Lindsey Heaps in Front of 32,303 in Los Angeles |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/04/us-womens-national-team-vs-brazil-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250407145326/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/04/us-womens-national-team-vs-brazil-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap |archive-date=April 7, 2025 |access-date=April 7, 2025 |website=US Soccer}}</ref> == Personal life == Tullis-Joyce major insyd marine biology wey she be a certified AOW den AAUS scientific diver.<ref name="seattletimes-043022">{{cite web |last1=Evans |first1=Jayda |date=April 30, 2022 |title=Young star goalkeeper Phallon Tullis-Joyce hoping to make a splash for OL Reign in 2022 |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/reign/young-star-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-hoping-to-make-a-splash-for-ol-reign-in-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816002011/https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/reign/young-star-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-hoping-to-make-a-splash-for-ol-reign-in-2022/ |archive-date=August 16, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=The Seattle Times}}</ref> ofkc0fkt9x29gbcnp7qnpwckkhr8tbs 110135 110106 2026-08-18T15:03:26Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 110135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Phallon Abaigeal Tullis-Joyce''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|b|ɪ|ɡ|eɪ|l}}; born October 19, 1996) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a goalkeeper give English Women's Super League club Manchester United den de United States national team.<ref name="signUnited">{{cite web |date=September 14, 2023 |title=United complete signing of Tullis-Joyce |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-women-sign-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-on-a-permanent-deal |access-date=September 14, 2023 |website=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United}}</ref> She previously play college soccer give de Miami Hurricanes den professionally give French Division 1 Féminine club Reims den OL Reign of de National Women's Soccer League.<ref>{{cite web |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce |url=http://www.statsfootofeminin.fr/joueur.php?joueur=10810 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101130343/https://www.statsfootofeminin.fr/joueur.php?joueur=10810 |archive-date=November 1, 2021 |accessdate=January 23, 2019 |publisher=footofeminin.fr |language=french}}</ref> == Early life den education == Dem born den raise am on Long Island, New York, Tullis-Joyce attend Longwood High School wer na she be a five year varsity player den most valuable player (MVP).<ref name="um-bio">{{cite web |date=June 2, 2017 |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce |url=https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410110851/https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |archive-date=April 10, 2021 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=University of Miami}}</ref> A multiple-award winner, Tullis-Joyce be named all-league, all-conference den all-county ein last three seasons den Named League 1 Player of de Year insyd 2012.<ref name="um-bio" /> She sanso be named to de state team insyd 2012-13.<ref name="um-bio" /> Tullis-Joyce play club soccer give Match Fit Colchesters wey she help lead de team to de US Youth National League Championship insyd 2013. She previously play give de Farmingdale United den WPSL FC Westchester Elite.<ref name="um-bio">{{cite web |date=June 2, 2017 |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce |url=https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410110851/https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |archive-date=April 10, 2021 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=University of Miami}}</ref> She play give de Eastern New York Olympic Development Program (ODP) as well as de regional ODP team.<ref name="um-bio" /> Tullis-Joyce attend de University of Miami wer she play collegiate soccer give Miami Hurricanes.<ref name="eqz">{{cite news|last1=Halloran|first1=John D.|title=American goalkeeper finds an unexpected dream in an unexpected place|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2020/02/21/american-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-professional-france-stade-de-reims-interview/|access-date=10 April 2021|publisher=The Equalizer|date=February 21, 2020|archive-date=April 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410110851/https://equalizersoccer.com/2020/02/21/american-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-professional-france-stade-de-reims-interview/|url-status=live}}</ref> As a redshirt freshman, she start insyd goal nine times, she make 24 saves, wey she concede 13 goals plus one anaa fewer she allow insyd five of de matches she play.<ref name="um-bio">{{cite web |date=June 2, 2017 |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce |url=https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410110851/https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |archive-date=April 10, 2021 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=University of Miami}}</ref> She rank ninth insyd de Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) insyd shutouts per game (0.22).<ref name="um-bio" /> During ein sophomore season plus de team, Tullis-Joyce be de starting goalkeeper wey dem name am to de All-ACC Academic Team. She earn NSCAA College Player of de Week ACC Defensive Player of de Week honors insyd September 2016.<ref name="um-bio" /> == Club career == === Reims, 2019–2021 === Tullis-Joyce declare give de 2019 NWSL College Draft buh na dem no select am.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 9, 2019 |title=Final list of players registered for the 2019 NWSL College Draft |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/final-list-of-players-registered-for-the-2019-nwsl-college-draft |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104025602/https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/final-list-of-players-registered-for-the-2019-nwsl-college-draft |archive-date=January 4, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2023 |website=www.nwslsoccer.com}}</ref> On January 19, 2019, Tullis-Joyce sign plus French Division 2 club Stade de Reims.<ref name="reims">{{cite web |date=January 20, 2019 |title=Tullis-Joyce Inks Pro Deal with France's Stade de Reims |url=https://hurricanesports.com/news/2019/1/20/womens-soccer-tullis-joyce-inks-pro-deal-with-frances-stade-de-reims.aspx |accessdate=January 23, 2020}}</ref> She make ein debut on April 14, 2019 insyd a 4–0 league win against Brest.<ref name="debut">{{cite web |title=Championnat de France de D2 2018-2019 - Groupe A - 20e journee - Brest-Reims 0-4 |url=http://www.statsfootofeminin.fr/match.php?id=22549 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921185223/http://www.statsfootofeminin.fr/match.php?id=22549 |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |accessdate=January 23, 2020}}</ref> De team be promoted as champions at de end of de season. During de 2019–20 season, she be de starting goalkeeper insyd 16 matches.<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web |title=P. Tullis-Joyce |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/-/626225/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> Reims fini de regular season insyd eighth place plis a 4–9–3 record.<ref name="soccerway" /> During de 2020–21 season, she start insyd all 22 league matches. Reims fini de season insyd sixth place plus a 9–10–3 record.<ref name="soccerway" /> === OL Reign, 2021–2023 === [[File:Phallon-rapinoe-kick.jpg|alt=OL Reign goalkeeper Phallon Tullis-Joyce kicks a ball in the air while teammate Megan Rapinoe looks on|right|thumb|Tullis-Joyce dey kick a ball while teammate Megan Rapinoe dey look on during warm-ups before a match, May 2022]] On April 8, 2021, Tullis-Joyce sign a one-and-a-half-year contract plus American NWSL club OL Reign.<ref>{{cite news|title=OL REIGN SIGN GOALKEEPER PHALLON TULLIS-JOYCE THROUGH 2022 SEASON|url=https://www.olreign.com/news/2021/4/8/ol-reign-sign-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-through-2022-season|access-date=10 April 2021|publisher=OL Reign|date=8 April 2021|archive-date=September 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921190725/https://www.olreign.com/news/2021/4/8/ol-reign-sign-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-through-2022-season|url-status=dead}}</ref> During de 2021 season, she be a backup goalkeeper for on-loan French international [[Sarah Bouhaddi]] wey she make one appearance during de season.<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web |title=P. Tullis-Joyce |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/-/626225/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> De Reign fini insyd second place during de regular season plus a 13–8–3 record.<ref>{{cite web |title=2021 National Women's Soccer League |url=https://us.soccerway.com/national/united-states/national-womens-soccer-league/2020/regular-season/r56115/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320223856/https://us.soccerway.com/national/united-states/national-womens-soccer-league/2020/regular-season/r56115/ |archive-date=March 20, 2023 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> After advancing to de NWSL Playoffs, na dem be eliminated by eventual champions Washington Spirit.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 14, 2021 |title=OL Reign season ends with stunning 2-1 home playoff loss to Washington Spirit |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/reign/ol-reign-season-ends-with-stunning-2-1-home-playoff-loss-to-washington-spirit/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922185837/https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/reign/ol-reign-season-ends-with-stunning-2-1-home-playoff-loss-to-washington-spirit/ |archive-date=September 22, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=The Seattle Times}}</ref> Following de departure of Bouhaddi, Tullis-Joyce be de starting goalkeeper during de 2022 season, starting all 30 matches.<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web |title=P. Tullis-Joyce |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/-/626225/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref><ref name="allforxi-0522">{{cite web |last1=Tonelli |first1=Jenna |date=May 2, 2022 |title=For Phallon Tullis-Joyce, the time is now |url=https://www.allforxi.com/2022/5/2/23052842/for-phallon-tullis-joyce-the-time-is-now |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921185221/https://www.allforxi.com/2022/5/2/23052842/for-phallon-tullis-joyce-the-time-is-now |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=All for XI}}</ref> She win five save of de week honors, be named to de NWSL Team of de Month for May wey she earn Challenge Cup Team of de Tournament honors.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 19, 2022 |title=PHALLON TULLIS-JOYCE EARNS FIFTH NWSL SAVE OF THE WEEK HONOR |url=https://www.olreign.com/news/phallon-tullis-joyce-literally-cannot-stop-winning-save-of-the-week#:~:text=The%20National%20Women's%20Soccer%20League,Providence%20Park%20in%20Portland%2C%20Oregon. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921185221/https://www.olreign.com/news/phallon-tullis-joyce-literally-cannot-stop-winning-save-of-the-week#:~:text=The%20National%20Women's%20Soccer%20League,Providence%20Park%20in%20Portland%2C%20Oregon. |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=OL Reign}}</ref><ref name="22Cup">{{Cite web |title=Four OL Reign Players Named to 2022 NWSL Challenge Cup All-Tournament Team |url=https://www.olreign.com/news/four-ol-reign-players-named-to-2022-nwsl-challenge-cup-all-tournament-team |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017212103/https://www.olreign.com/news/four-ol-reign-players-named-to-2022-nwsl-challenge-cup-all-tournament-team |archive-date=October 17, 2022 |access-date=October 17, 2022 |website=OL REIGN: WE ARE THE BOLD}}</ref> She sanso be nominated for NWSL Goalkeeper of de Year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2022/10/26/kailen-sheridan-named-2022-nwsl-goalkeeper-of-the-year/|title=Kailen Sheridan named 2022 NWSL Goalkeeper of the Year|last=Kassouf|first=Jeff|date=October 26, 2022|website=The Equalizer|access-date=2024-06-27|archive-date=July 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724022516/https://equalizersoccer.com/2022/10/26/kailen-sheridan-named-2022-nwsl-goalkeeper-of-the-year/|url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd July 2022, she sign a contract extension thru de 2024 season plus de Reign.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cristobol |first1=Jacob |date=July 6, 2022 |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce signs contract extension with OL Reign |url=https://www.sounderatheart.com/seattle-reign/2022/7/6/23196926/phallon-tullis-joyce-ol-reign-contract-extension |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921185221/https://www.sounderatheart.com/seattle-reign/2022/7/6/23196926/phallon-tullis-joyce-ol-reign-contract-extension |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Sounder at Heart}}</ref> === Manchester United, 2023–present === On September 14, 2023, Tullis-Joyce sign give Manchester United.<ref name="signUnited">{{cite web |date=September 14, 2023 |title=United complete signing of Tullis-Joyce |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-women-sign-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-on-a-permanent-deal |access-date=September 14, 2023 |website=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United}}</ref> De club reportedly pay a transfer fee of $160,000, a record fee give a female goalkeeper.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 15, 2023 |title=USWNT goalkeeping prospect leaves NWSL for Manchester United |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/phallon-tullis-joyce-nwsl-manchester-united-uswnt/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002044945/https://justwomenssports.com/reads/phallon-tullis-joyce-nwsl-manchester-united-uswnt/ |archive-date=October 2, 2023 |access-date=September 15, 2023 |website=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> She make ein debut on November 9, 2023, keeping a clean sheet insyd a 7–0 win over Everton insyd de 2023–24 FA Women's League Cup group stage.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tullis-Joyce: It was an incredible team effort |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/phallon-tullis-joyce-reacts-following-her-man-utd-women-debut-10-november |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726233854/https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/phallon-tullis-joyce-reacts-following-her-man-utd-women-debut-10-november |archive-date=July 26, 2024 |access-date=July 26, 2024 |website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> Tullis-Joyce start all four group stage games, ein only appearances of de season as backup behind [[Mary Earps]], as she keep two clean sheets wey she concede three goals. Manchester United fini as runners-up insyd de group buh na dem no qualify for de knockout stage.<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web |title=P. Tullis-Joyce |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/-/626225/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> Dey follow de departure of Earps insyd summer 2024, Tullis-Joyce inherit de starting keeper role. She make ein WSL debut on September 21, starting den keeping a clean sheet insyd an opening day 3–0 win at Old Trafford.<ref>{{cite web |title=United Women 3 West Ham 0 |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-women-vs-west-ham-utd-wsl-21-september-2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921153604/https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-women-vs-west-ham-utd-wsl-21-september-2024 |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |access-date=September 21, 2024 |website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> On April 25, 2025, she extend ein contract plus de club til June 2028.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 25, 2025 |title=USWNT's Phallon Tullis-Joyce signs new Man United contract |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/44851734/uswnt-phallon-tullis-joyce-signs-new-man-united-contract |access-date=April 25, 2025}}</ref> Tullis-Joyce keep 13 clean sheets during de 2024–25 WSL season, sharing de Golden Glove award plus Chelsea ein [[Hannah Hampton]].<ref name="2425GoldenGlove">{{Cite web |last=Spencer |first=Jamie |date=May 10, 2025 |title=Tullis-Joyce shares 24/25 WSL Golden Glove |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/phallon-tullis-joyce-shares-wsl-golden-glove-for-2024-25-season |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250510224745/https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/phallon-tullis-joyce-shares-wsl-golden-glove-for-2024-25-season |archive-date=May 10, 2025 |access-date=May 10, 2025 |website=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United}}</ref> == International career == Insyd June 2022, Tullis-Joyce be included insyd United States national team ein 59-player provisional squad for de 2022 CONCACAF W Championship.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lavelle, Rapinoe, Morgan headline USWNT's World Cup Qualifying provisional roster|url=https://sbisoccer.com/2022/06/lavelle-rapinoe-morgan-headline-uswnt-provisional-world-cup-qualifying-roster?amp=1|date=9 June 2022|access-date=9 June 2022|archive-date=June 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609093442/https://sbisoccer.com/2022/06/lavelle-rapinoe-morgan-headline-uswnt-provisional-world-cup-qualifying-roster?amp=1|url-status=live}}</ref> On November 18, 2024, she receive ein first official senior call-up for de friendly matches against England den de Netherlands.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 18, 2024 |title=Emma Hayes Names U.S. Women’s National Team Roster for Friendlies in England and The Netherlands against Last Two European Champions |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/11/hayes-names-24-player-uswnt-roster-for-friendlies-in-england-and-the-netherlands |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250407144837/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/11/hayes-names-24-player-uswnt-roster-for-friendlies-in-england-and-the-netherlands |archive-date=April 7, 2025 |access-date=November 18, 2024 |website=US Soccer}}</ref> Tullis-Joyce make ein senior international debut on April 5, 2025, keeping a clean sheet insyd a 2–0 friendly win against Brazil.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 5, 2025 |title=USWNT Downs Brazil 2-0 on Goals From Trinity Rodman and Lindsey Heaps in Front of 32,303 in Los Angeles |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/04/us-womens-national-team-vs-brazil-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250407145326/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/04/us-womens-national-team-vs-brazil-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap |archive-date=April 7, 2025 |access-date=April 7, 2025 |website=US Soccer}}</ref> == Personal life == Tullis-Joyce major insyd marine biology wey she be a certified AOW den AAUS scientific diver.<ref name="seattletimes-043022">{{cite web |last1=Evans |first1=Jayda |date=April 30, 2022 |title=Young star goalkeeper Phallon Tullis-Joyce hoping to make a splash for OL Reign in 2022 |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/reign/young-star-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-hoping-to-make-a-splash-for-ol-reign-in-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816002011/https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/reign/young-star-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-hoping-to-make-a-splash-for-ol-reign-in-2022/ |archive-date=August 16, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=The Seattle Times}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == a7h54wme3fea7kgn5iwqdqx54ussoae 110137 110135 2026-08-18T15:05:13Z DaSupremo 9 /* Career statistics */ Improve article 110137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Phallon Abaigeal Tullis-Joyce''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|b|ɪ|ɡ|eɪ|l}}; born October 19, 1996) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a goalkeeper give English Women's Super League club Manchester United den de United States national team.<ref name="signUnited">{{cite web |date=September 14, 2023 |title=United complete signing of Tullis-Joyce |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-women-sign-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-on-a-permanent-deal |access-date=September 14, 2023 |website=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United}}</ref> She previously play college soccer give de Miami Hurricanes den professionally give French Division 1 Féminine club Reims den OL Reign of de National Women's Soccer League.<ref>{{cite web |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce |url=http://www.statsfootofeminin.fr/joueur.php?joueur=10810 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101130343/https://www.statsfootofeminin.fr/joueur.php?joueur=10810 |archive-date=November 1, 2021 |accessdate=January 23, 2019 |publisher=footofeminin.fr |language=french}}</ref> == Early life den education == Dem born den raise am on Long Island, New York, Tullis-Joyce attend Longwood High School wer na she be a five year varsity player den most valuable player (MVP).<ref name="um-bio">{{cite web |date=June 2, 2017 |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce |url=https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410110851/https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |archive-date=April 10, 2021 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=University of Miami}}</ref> A multiple-award winner, Tullis-Joyce be named all-league, all-conference den all-county ein last three seasons den Named League 1 Player of de Year insyd 2012.<ref name="um-bio" /> She sanso be named to de state team insyd 2012-13.<ref name="um-bio" /> Tullis-Joyce play club soccer give Match Fit Colchesters wey she help lead de team to de US Youth National League Championship insyd 2013. She previously play give de Farmingdale United den WPSL FC Westchester Elite.<ref name="um-bio">{{cite web |date=June 2, 2017 |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce |url=https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410110851/https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |archive-date=April 10, 2021 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=University of Miami}}</ref> She play give de Eastern New York Olympic Development Program (ODP) as well as de regional ODP team.<ref name="um-bio" /> Tullis-Joyce attend de University of Miami wer she play collegiate soccer give Miami Hurricanes.<ref name="eqz">{{cite news|last1=Halloran|first1=John D.|title=American goalkeeper finds an unexpected dream in an unexpected place|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2020/02/21/american-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-professional-france-stade-de-reims-interview/|access-date=10 April 2021|publisher=The Equalizer|date=February 21, 2020|archive-date=April 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410110851/https://equalizersoccer.com/2020/02/21/american-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-professional-france-stade-de-reims-interview/|url-status=live}}</ref> As a redshirt freshman, she start insyd goal nine times, she make 24 saves, wey she concede 13 goals plus one anaa fewer she allow insyd five of de matches she play.<ref name="um-bio">{{cite web |date=June 2, 2017 |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce |url=https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410110851/https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |archive-date=April 10, 2021 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=University of Miami}}</ref> She rank ninth insyd de Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) insyd shutouts per game (0.22).<ref name="um-bio" /> During ein sophomore season plus de team, Tullis-Joyce be de starting goalkeeper wey dem name am to de All-ACC Academic Team. She earn NSCAA College Player of de Week ACC Defensive Player of de Week honors insyd September 2016.<ref name="um-bio" /> == Club career == === Reims, 2019–2021 === Tullis-Joyce declare give de 2019 NWSL College Draft buh na dem no select am.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 9, 2019 |title=Final list of players registered for the 2019 NWSL College Draft |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/final-list-of-players-registered-for-the-2019-nwsl-college-draft |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104025602/https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/final-list-of-players-registered-for-the-2019-nwsl-college-draft |archive-date=January 4, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2023 |website=www.nwslsoccer.com}}</ref> On January 19, 2019, Tullis-Joyce sign plus French Division 2 club Stade de Reims.<ref name="reims">{{cite web |date=January 20, 2019 |title=Tullis-Joyce Inks Pro Deal with France's Stade de Reims |url=https://hurricanesports.com/news/2019/1/20/womens-soccer-tullis-joyce-inks-pro-deal-with-frances-stade-de-reims.aspx |accessdate=January 23, 2020}}</ref> She make ein debut on April 14, 2019 insyd a 4–0 league win against Brest.<ref name="debut">{{cite web |title=Championnat de France de D2 2018-2019 - Groupe A - 20e journee - Brest-Reims 0-4 |url=http://www.statsfootofeminin.fr/match.php?id=22549 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921185223/http://www.statsfootofeminin.fr/match.php?id=22549 |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |accessdate=January 23, 2020}}</ref> De team be promoted as champions at de end of de season. During de 2019–20 season, she be de starting goalkeeper insyd 16 matches.<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web |title=P. Tullis-Joyce |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/-/626225/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> Reims fini de regular season insyd eighth place plis a 4–9–3 record.<ref name="soccerway" /> During de 2020–21 season, she start insyd all 22 league matches. Reims fini de season insyd sixth place plus a 9–10–3 record.<ref name="soccerway" /> === OL Reign, 2021–2023 === [[File:Phallon-rapinoe-kick.jpg|alt=OL Reign goalkeeper Phallon Tullis-Joyce kicks a ball in the air while teammate Megan Rapinoe looks on|right|thumb|Tullis-Joyce dey kick a ball while teammate Megan Rapinoe dey look on during warm-ups before a match, May 2022]] On April 8, 2021, Tullis-Joyce sign a one-and-a-half-year contract plus American NWSL club OL Reign.<ref>{{cite news|title=OL REIGN SIGN GOALKEEPER PHALLON TULLIS-JOYCE THROUGH 2022 SEASON|url=https://www.olreign.com/news/2021/4/8/ol-reign-sign-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-through-2022-season|access-date=10 April 2021|publisher=OL Reign|date=8 April 2021|archive-date=September 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921190725/https://www.olreign.com/news/2021/4/8/ol-reign-sign-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-through-2022-season|url-status=dead}}</ref> During de 2021 season, she be a backup goalkeeper for on-loan French international [[Sarah Bouhaddi]] wey she make one appearance during de season.<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web |title=P. Tullis-Joyce |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/-/626225/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> De Reign fini insyd second place during de regular season plus a 13–8–3 record.<ref>{{cite web |title=2021 National Women's Soccer League |url=https://us.soccerway.com/national/united-states/national-womens-soccer-league/2020/regular-season/r56115/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320223856/https://us.soccerway.com/national/united-states/national-womens-soccer-league/2020/regular-season/r56115/ |archive-date=March 20, 2023 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> After advancing to de NWSL Playoffs, na dem be eliminated by eventual champions Washington Spirit.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 14, 2021 |title=OL Reign season ends with stunning 2-1 home playoff loss to Washington Spirit |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/reign/ol-reign-season-ends-with-stunning-2-1-home-playoff-loss-to-washington-spirit/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922185837/https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/reign/ol-reign-season-ends-with-stunning-2-1-home-playoff-loss-to-washington-spirit/ |archive-date=September 22, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=The Seattle Times}}</ref> Following de departure of Bouhaddi, Tullis-Joyce be de starting goalkeeper during de 2022 season, starting all 30 matches.<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web |title=P. Tullis-Joyce |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/-/626225/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref><ref name="allforxi-0522">{{cite web |last1=Tonelli |first1=Jenna |date=May 2, 2022 |title=For Phallon Tullis-Joyce, the time is now |url=https://www.allforxi.com/2022/5/2/23052842/for-phallon-tullis-joyce-the-time-is-now |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921185221/https://www.allforxi.com/2022/5/2/23052842/for-phallon-tullis-joyce-the-time-is-now |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=All for XI}}</ref> She win five save of de week honors, be named to de NWSL Team of de Month for May wey she earn Challenge Cup Team of de Tournament honors.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 19, 2022 |title=PHALLON TULLIS-JOYCE EARNS FIFTH NWSL SAVE OF THE WEEK HONOR |url=https://www.olreign.com/news/phallon-tullis-joyce-literally-cannot-stop-winning-save-of-the-week#:~:text=The%20National%20Women's%20Soccer%20League,Providence%20Park%20in%20Portland%2C%20Oregon. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921185221/https://www.olreign.com/news/phallon-tullis-joyce-literally-cannot-stop-winning-save-of-the-week#:~:text=The%20National%20Women's%20Soccer%20League,Providence%20Park%20in%20Portland%2C%20Oregon. |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=OL Reign}}</ref><ref name="22Cup">{{Cite web |title=Four OL Reign Players Named to 2022 NWSL Challenge Cup All-Tournament Team |url=https://www.olreign.com/news/four-ol-reign-players-named-to-2022-nwsl-challenge-cup-all-tournament-team |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017212103/https://www.olreign.com/news/four-ol-reign-players-named-to-2022-nwsl-challenge-cup-all-tournament-team |archive-date=October 17, 2022 |access-date=October 17, 2022 |website=OL REIGN: WE ARE THE BOLD}}</ref> She sanso be nominated for NWSL Goalkeeper of de Year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2022/10/26/kailen-sheridan-named-2022-nwsl-goalkeeper-of-the-year/|title=Kailen Sheridan named 2022 NWSL Goalkeeper of the Year|last=Kassouf|first=Jeff|date=October 26, 2022|website=The Equalizer|access-date=2024-06-27|archive-date=July 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724022516/https://equalizersoccer.com/2022/10/26/kailen-sheridan-named-2022-nwsl-goalkeeper-of-the-year/|url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd July 2022, she sign a contract extension thru de 2024 season plus de Reign.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cristobol |first1=Jacob |date=July 6, 2022 |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce signs contract extension with OL Reign |url=https://www.sounderatheart.com/seattle-reign/2022/7/6/23196926/phallon-tullis-joyce-ol-reign-contract-extension |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921185221/https://www.sounderatheart.com/seattle-reign/2022/7/6/23196926/phallon-tullis-joyce-ol-reign-contract-extension |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Sounder at Heart}}</ref> === Manchester United, 2023–present === On September 14, 2023, Tullis-Joyce sign give Manchester United.<ref name="signUnited">{{cite web |date=September 14, 2023 |title=United complete signing of Tullis-Joyce |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-women-sign-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-on-a-permanent-deal |access-date=September 14, 2023 |website=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United}}</ref> De club reportedly pay a transfer fee of $160,000, a record fee give a female goalkeeper.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 15, 2023 |title=USWNT goalkeeping prospect leaves NWSL for Manchester United |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/phallon-tullis-joyce-nwsl-manchester-united-uswnt/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002044945/https://justwomenssports.com/reads/phallon-tullis-joyce-nwsl-manchester-united-uswnt/ |archive-date=October 2, 2023 |access-date=September 15, 2023 |website=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> She make ein debut on November 9, 2023, keeping a clean sheet insyd a 7–0 win over Everton insyd de 2023–24 FA Women's League Cup group stage.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tullis-Joyce: It was an incredible team effort |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/phallon-tullis-joyce-reacts-following-her-man-utd-women-debut-10-november |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726233854/https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/phallon-tullis-joyce-reacts-following-her-man-utd-women-debut-10-november |archive-date=July 26, 2024 |access-date=July 26, 2024 |website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> Tullis-Joyce start all four group stage games, ein only appearances of de season as backup behind [[Mary Earps]], as she keep two clean sheets wey she concede three goals. Manchester United fini as runners-up insyd de group buh na dem no qualify for de knockout stage.<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web |title=P. Tullis-Joyce |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/-/626225/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> Dey follow de departure of Earps insyd summer 2024, Tullis-Joyce inherit de starting keeper role. She make ein WSL debut on September 21, starting den keeping a clean sheet insyd an opening day 3–0 win at Old Trafford.<ref>{{cite web |title=United Women 3 West Ham 0 |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-women-vs-west-ham-utd-wsl-21-september-2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921153604/https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-women-vs-west-ham-utd-wsl-21-september-2024 |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |access-date=September 21, 2024 |website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> On April 25, 2025, she extend ein contract plus de club til June 2028.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 25, 2025 |title=USWNT's Phallon Tullis-Joyce signs new Man United contract |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/44851734/uswnt-phallon-tullis-joyce-signs-new-man-united-contract |access-date=April 25, 2025}}</ref> Tullis-Joyce keep 13 clean sheets during de 2024–25 WSL season, sharing de Golden Glove award plus Chelsea ein [[Hannah Hampton]].<ref name="2425GoldenGlove">{{Cite web |last=Spencer |first=Jamie |date=May 10, 2025 |title=Tullis-Joyce shares 24/25 WSL Golden Glove |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/phallon-tullis-joyce-shares-wsl-golden-glove-for-2024-25-season |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250510224745/https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/phallon-tullis-joyce-shares-wsl-golden-glove-for-2024-25-season |archive-date=May 10, 2025 |access-date=May 10, 2025 |website=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United}}</ref> == International career == Insyd June 2022, Tullis-Joyce be included insyd United States national team ein 59-player provisional squad for de 2022 CONCACAF W Championship.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lavelle, Rapinoe, Morgan headline USWNT's World Cup Qualifying provisional roster|url=https://sbisoccer.com/2022/06/lavelle-rapinoe-morgan-headline-uswnt-provisional-world-cup-qualifying-roster?amp=1|date=9 June 2022|access-date=9 June 2022|archive-date=June 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609093442/https://sbisoccer.com/2022/06/lavelle-rapinoe-morgan-headline-uswnt-provisional-world-cup-qualifying-roster?amp=1|url-status=live}}</ref> On November 18, 2024, she receive ein first official senior call-up for de friendly matches against England den de Netherlands.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 18, 2024 |title=Emma Hayes Names U.S. Women’s National Team Roster for Friendlies in England and The Netherlands against Last Two European Champions |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/11/hayes-names-24-player-uswnt-roster-for-friendlies-in-england-and-the-netherlands |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250407144837/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/11/hayes-names-24-player-uswnt-roster-for-friendlies-in-england-and-the-netherlands |archive-date=April 7, 2025 |access-date=November 18, 2024 |website=US Soccer}}</ref> Tullis-Joyce make ein senior international debut on April 5, 2025, keeping a clean sheet insyd a 2–0 friendly win against Brazil.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 5, 2025 |title=USWNT Downs Brazil 2-0 on Goals From Trinity Rodman and Lindsey Heaps in Front of 32,303 in Los Angeles |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/04/us-womens-national-team-vs-brazil-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250407145326/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/04/us-womens-national-team-vs-brazil-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap |archive-date=April 7, 2025 |access-date=April 7, 2025 |website=US Soccer}}</ref> == Personal life == Tullis-Joyce major insyd marine biology wey she be a certified AOW den AAUS scientific diver.<ref name="seattletimes-043022">{{cite web |last1=Evans |first1=Jayda |date=April 30, 2022 |title=Young star goalkeeper Phallon Tullis-Joyce hoping to make a splash for OL Reign in 2022 |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/reign/young-star-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-hoping-to-make-a-splash-for-ol-reign-in-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816002011/https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/reign/young-star-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-hoping-to-make-a-splash-for-ol-reign-in-2022/ |archive-date=August 16, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=The Seattle Times}}</ref> ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {{updated|May 16, 2026}}<ref name="soccerway"/> {| class="wikitable" Style="text-align: center" |+ Appearances den goals by club, season den competition |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|National cup !colspan="2"|League cup !colspan="2"|Continental !colspan="2"|Oda !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="4"|[[Stade de Reims Féminines|Reims]] |2018–19 |[[Seconde Ligue|D2F]] |3||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||3||0 |- |[[2019–20 Division 1 Féminine|2019–20]] |[[Première Ligue|D1F]] |16||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||16||0 |- |[[2020–21 Division 1 Féminine|2020–21]] |D1F |22||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||22||0 |- !colspan="2"|Total!!41!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!41!!0 |- |rowspan="4"|[[OL Reign]] |[[2021 OL Reign season|2021]] |[[National Women's Soccer League|NWSL]] |1||0|| colspan="2" |—||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||0||0||1||0 |- |[[2022 OL Reign season|2022]] |NWSL |22||0|| colspan="2" |—||7||0|| colspan="2" |—||1||0||30||0 |- |[[2023 OL Reign season|2023]] |NWSL |16||0|| colspan="2" |—||0||0|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||16||0 |- !colspan="2"|Total !39!!0!!0!!0!!7!!0!!0!!0!!1!!0!!47!!0 |- |rowspan="4"|[[Manchester United W.F.C.|Manchester United]] |[[2023–24 Manchester United W.F.C. season|2023–24]] |[[Women's Super League|WSL]] |0||0||0||0||4||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||4||0 |- |[[2024–25 Manchester United W.F.C. season|2024–25]] |WSL |22||0||5||0||3||0|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||30||0 |- |[[2025–26 Manchester United W.F.C. season|2025–26]] |WSL |21||0||2||0||3||0||12||0|| colspan="2" |—||38||0 |- !colspan="2"|Total !43!!0!!7!!0!!10!!0!!12!!0!!0!!0!!72!!0 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !123!!0!!7!!0!!17!!0!!12!!0!!1!!0!!160!!0 |} ===International=== {{updated|match played April 14, 2026}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances den goals by national team den year |- !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="2"|[[United States women's national soccer team|United States]] |[[2025 in American soccer#Women's|2025]]||4||0 |- |[[2026 in American soccer#Women's|2026]]|| 3 ||0 |- !colspan="2"|Total!! 7 !! 0 |} == References == <references /> == External links == dgodz9xeppjt7na7zticu3mg06d9z5f 110138 110137 2026-08-18T15:07:19Z DaSupremo 9 /* Honors */ Improve article 110138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Phallon Abaigeal Tullis-Joyce''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|b|ɪ|ɡ|eɪ|l}}; born October 19, 1996) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a goalkeeper give English Women's Super League club Manchester United den de United States national team.<ref name="signUnited">{{cite web |date=September 14, 2023 |title=United complete signing of Tullis-Joyce |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-women-sign-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-on-a-permanent-deal |access-date=September 14, 2023 |website=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United}}</ref> She previously play college soccer give de Miami Hurricanes den professionally give French Division 1 Féminine club Reims den OL Reign of de National Women's Soccer League.<ref>{{cite web |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce |url=http://www.statsfootofeminin.fr/joueur.php?joueur=10810 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101130343/https://www.statsfootofeminin.fr/joueur.php?joueur=10810 |archive-date=November 1, 2021 |accessdate=January 23, 2019 |publisher=footofeminin.fr |language=french}}</ref> == Early life den education == Dem born den raise am on Long Island, New York, Tullis-Joyce attend Longwood High School wer na she be a five year varsity player den most valuable player (MVP).<ref name="um-bio">{{cite web |date=June 2, 2017 |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce |url=https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410110851/https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |archive-date=April 10, 2021 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=University of Miami}}</ref> A multiple-award winner, Tullis-Joyce be named all-league, all-conference den all-county ein last three seasons den Named League 1 Player of de Year insyd 2012.<ref name="um-bio" /> She sanso be named to de state team insyd 2012-13.<ref name="um-bio" /> Tullis-Joyce play club soccer give Match Fit Colchesters wey she help lead de team to de US Youth National League Championship insyd 2013. She previously play give de Farmingdale United den WPSL FC Westchester Elite.<ref name="um-bio">{{cite web |date=June 2, 2017 |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce |url=https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410110851/https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |archive-date=April 10, 2021 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=University of Miami}}</ref> She play give de Eastern New York Olympic Development Program (ODP) as well as de regional ODP team.<ref name="um-bio" /> Tullis-Joyce attend de University of Miami wer she play collegiate soccer give Miami Hurricanes.<ref name="eqz">{{cite news|last1=Halloran|first1=John D.|title=American goalkeeper finds an unexpected dream in an unexpected place|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2020/02/21/american-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-professional-france-stade-de-reims-interview/|access-date=10 April 2021|publisher=The Equalizer|date=February 21, 2020|archive-date=April 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410110851/https://equalizersoccer.com/2020/02/21/american-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-professional-france-stade-de-reims-interview/|url-status=live}}</ref> As a redshirt freshman, she start insyd goal nine times, she make 24 saves, wey she concede 13 goals plus one anaa fewer she allow insyd five of de matches she play.<ref name="um-bio">{{cite web |date=June 2, 2017 |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce |url=https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410110851/https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |archive-date=April 10, 2021 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=University of Miami}}</ref> She rank ninth insyd de Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) insyd shutouts per game (0.22).<ref name="um-bio" /> During ein sophomore season plus de team, Tullis-Joyce be de starting goalkeeper wey dem name am to de All-ACC Academic Team. She earn NSCAA College Player of de Week ACC Defensive Player of de Week honors insyd September 2016.<ref name="um-bio" /> == Club career == === Reims, 2019–2021 === Tullis-Joyce declare give de 2019 NWSL College Draft buh na dem no select am.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 9, 2019 |title=Final list of players registered for the 2019 NWSL College Draft |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/final-list-of-players-registered-for-the-2019-nwsl-college-draft |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104025602/https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/final-list-of-players-registered-for-the-2019-nwsl-college-draft |archive-date=January 4, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2023 |website=www.nwslsoccer.com}}</ref> On January 19, 2019, Tullis-Joyce sign plus French Division 2 club Stade de Reims.<ref name="reims">{{cite web |date=January 20, 2019 |title=Tullis-Joyce Inks Pro Deal with France's Stade de Reims |url=https://hurricanesports.com/news/2019/1/20/womens-soccer-tullis-joyce-inks-pro-deal-with-frances-stade-de-reims.aspx |accessdate=January 23, 2020}}</ref> She make ein debut on April 14, 2019 insyd a 4–0 league win against Brest.<ref name="debut">{{cite web |title=Championnat de France de D2 2018-2019 - Groupe A - 20e journee - Brest-Reims 0-4 |url=http://www.statsfootofeminin.fr/match.php?id=22549 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921185223/http://www.statsfootofeminin.fr/match.php?id=22549 |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |accessdate=January 23, 2020}}</ref> De team be promoted as champions at de end of de season. During de 2019–20 season, she be de starting goalkeeper insyd 16 matches.<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web |title=P. Tullis-Joyce |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/-/626225/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> Reims fini de regular season insyd eighth place plis a 4–9–3 record.<ref name="soccerway" /> During de 2020–21 season, she start insyd all 22 league matches. Reims fini de season insyd sixth place plus a 9–10–3 record.<ref name="soccerway" /> === OL Reign, 2021–2023 === [[File:Phallon-rapinoe-kick.jpg|alt=OL Reign goalkeeper Phallon Tullis-Joyce kicks a ball in the air while teammate Megan Rapinoe looks on|right|thumb|Tullis-Joyce dey kick a ball while teammate Megan Rapinoe dey look on during warm-ups before a match, May 2022]] On April 8, 2021, Tullis-Joyce sign a one-and-a-half-year contract plus American NWSL club OL Reign.<ref>{{cite news|title=OL REIGN SIGN GOALKEEPER PHALLON TULLIS-JOYCE THROUGH 2022 SEASON|url=https://www.olreign.com/news/2021/4/8/ol-reign-sign-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-through-2022-season|access-date=10 April 2021|publisher=OL Reign|date=8 April 2021|archive-date=September 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921190725/https://www.olreign.com/news/2021/4/8/ol-reign-sign-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-through-2022-season|url-status=dead}}</ref> During de 2021 season, she be a backup goalkeeper for on-loan French international [[Sarah Bouhaddi]] wey she make one appearance during de season.<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web |title=P. Tullis-Joyce |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/-/626225/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> De Reign fini insyd second place during de regular season plus a 13–8–3 record.<ref>{{cite web |title=2021 National Women's Soccer League |url=https://us.soccerway.com/national/united-states/national-womens-soccer-league/2020/regular-season/r56115/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320223856/https://us.soccerway.com/national/united-states/national-womens-soccer-league/2020/regular-season/r56115/ |archive-date=March 20, 2023 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> After advancing to de NWSL Playoffs, na dem be eliminated by eventual champions Washington Spirit.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 14, 2021 |title=OL Reign season ends with stunning 2-1 home playoff loss to Washington Spirit |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/reign/ol-reign-season-ends-with-stunning-2-1-home-playoff-loss-to-washington-spirit/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922185837/https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/reign/ol-reign-season-ends-with-stunning-2-1-home-playoff-loss-to-washington-spirit/ |archive-date=September 22, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=The Seattle Times}}</ref> Following de departure of Bouhaddi, Tullis-Joyce be de starting goalkeeper during de 2022 season, starting all 30 matches.<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web |title=P. Tullis-Joyce |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/-/626225/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref><ref name="allforxi-0522">{{cite web |last1=Tonelli |first1=Jenna |date=May 2, 2022 |title=For Phallon Tullis-Joyce, the time is now |url=https://www.allforxi.com/2022/5/2/23052842/for-phallon-tullis-joyce-the-time-is-now |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921185221/https://www.allforxi.com/2022/5/2/23052842/for-phallon-tullis-joyce-the-time-is-now |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=All for XI}}</ref> She win five save of de week honors, be named to de NWSL Team of de Month for May wey she earn Challenge Cup Team of de Tournament honors.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 19, 2022 |title=PHALLON TULLIS-JOYCE EARNS FIFTH NWSL SAVE OF THE WEEK HONOR |url=https://www.olreign.com/news/phallon-tullis-joyce-literally-cannot-stop-winning-save-of-the-week#:~:text=The%20National%20Women's%20Soccer%20League,Providence%20Park%20in%20Portland%2C%20Oregon. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921185221/https://www.olreign.com/news/phallon-tullis-joyce-literally-cannot-stop-winning-save-of-the-week#:~:text=The%20National%20Women's%20Soccer%20League,Providence%20Park%20in%20Portland%2C%20Oregon. |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=OL Reign}}</ref><ref name="22Cup">{{Cite web |title=Four OL Reign Players Named to 2022 NWSL Challenge Cup All-Tournament Team |url=https://www.olreign.com/news/four-ol-reign-players-named-to-2022-nwsl-challenge-cup-all-tournament-team |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017212103/https://www.olreign.com/news/four-ol-reign-players-named-to-2022-nwsl-challenge-cup-all-tournament-team |archive-date=October 17, 2022 |access-date=October 17, 2022 |website=OL REIGN: WE ARE THE BOLD}}</ref> She sanso be nominated for NWSL Goalkeeper of de Year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2022/10/26/kailen-sheridan-named-2022-nwsl-goalkeeper-of-the-year/|title=Kailen Sheridan named 2022 NWSL Goalkeeper of the Year|last=Kassouf|first=Jeff|date=October 26, 2022|website=The Equalizer|access-date=2024-06-27|archive-date=July 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724022516/https://equalizersoccer.com/2022/10/26/kailen-sheridan-named-2022-nwsl-goalkeeper-of-the-year/|url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd July 2022, she sign a contract extension thru de 2024 season plus de Reign.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cristobol |first1=Jacob |date=July 6, 2022 |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce signs contract extension with OL Reign |url=https://www.sounderatheart.com/seattle-reign/2022/7/6/23196926/phallon-tullis-joyce-ol-reign-contract-extension |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921185221/https://www.sounderatheart.com/seattle-reign/2022/7/6/23196926/phallon-tullis-joyce-ol-reign-contract-extension |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Sounder at Heart}}</ref> === Manchester United, 2023–present === On September 14, 2023, Tullis-Joyce sign give Manchester United.<ref name="signUnited">{{cite web |date=September 14, 2023 |title=United complete signing of Tullis-Joyce |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-women-sign-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-on-a-permanent-deal |access-date=September 14, 2023 |website=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United}}</ref> De club reportedly pay a transfer fee of $160,000, a record fee give a female goalkeeper.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 15, 2023 |title=USWNT goalkeeping prospect leaves NWSL for Manchester United |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/phallon-tullis-joyce-nwsl-manchester-united-uswnt/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002044945/https://justwomenssports.com/reads/phallon-tullis-joyce-nwsl-manchester-united-uswnt/ |archive-date=October 2, 2023 |access-date=September 15, 2023 |website=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> She make ein debut on November 9, 2023, keeping a clean sheet insyd a 7–0 win over Everton insyd de 2023–24 FA Women's League Cup group stage.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tullis-Joyce: It was an incredible team effort |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/phallon-tullis-joyce-reacts-following-her-man-utd-women-debut-10-november |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726233854/https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/phallon-tullis-joyce-reacts-following-her-man-utd-women-debut-10-november |archive-date=July 26, 2024 |access-date=July 26, 2024 |website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> Tullis-Joyce start all four group stage games, ein only appearances of de season as backup behind [[Mary Earps]], as she keep two clean sheets wey she concede three goals. Manchester United fini as runners-up insyd de group buh na dem no qualify for de knockout stage.<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web |title=P. Tullis-Joyce |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/-/626225/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> Dey follow de departure of Earps insyd summer 2024, Tullis-Joyce inherit de starting keeper role. She make ein WSL debut on September 21, starting den keeping a clean sheet insyd an opening day 3–0 win at Old Trafford.<ref>{{cite web |title=United Women 3 West Ham 0 |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-women-vs-west-ham-utd-wsl-21-september-2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921153604/https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-women-vs-west-ham-utd-wsl-21-september-2024 |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |access-date=September 21, 2024 |website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> On April 25, 2025, she extend ein contract plus de club til June 2028.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 25, 2025 |title=USWNT's Phallon Tullis-Joyce signs new Man United contract |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/44851734/uswnt-phallon-tullis-joyce-signs-new-man-united-contract |access-date=April 25, 2025}}</ref> Tullis-Joyce keep 13 clean sheets during de 2024–25 WSL season, sharing de Golden Glove award plus Chelsea ein [[Hannah Hampton]].<ref name="2425GoldenGlove">{{Cite web |last=Spencer |first=Jamie |date=May 10, 2025 |title=Tullis-Joyce shares 24/25 WSL Golden Glove |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/phallon-tullis-joyce-shares-wsl-golden-glove-for-2024-25-season |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250510224745/https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/phallon-tullis-joyce-shares-wsl-golden-glove-for-2024-25-season |archive-date=May 10, 2025 |access-date=May 10, 2025 |website=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United}}</ref> == International career == Insyd June 2022, Tullis-Joyce be included insyd United States national team ein 59-player provisional squad for de 2022 CONCACAF W Championship.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lavelle, Rapinoe, Morgan headline USWNT's World Cup Qualifying provisional roster|url=https://sbisoccer.com/2022/06/lavelle-rapinoe-morgan-headline-uswnt-provisional-world-cup-qualifying-roster?amp=1|date=9 June 2022|access-date=9 June 2022|archive-date=June 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609093442/https://sbisoccer.com/2022/06/lavelle-rapinoe-morgan-headline-uswnt-provisional-world-cup-qualifying-roster?amp=1|url-status=live}}</ref> On November 18, 2024, she receive ein first official senior call-up for de friendly matches against England den de Netherlands.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 18, 2024 |title=Emma Hayes Names U.S. Women’s National Team Roster for Friendlies in England and The Netherlands against Last Two European Champions |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/11/hayes-names-24-player-uswnt-roster-for-friendlies-in-england-and-the-netherlands |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250407144837/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/11/hayes-names-24-player-uswnt-roster-for-friendlies-in-england-and-the-netherlands |archive-date=April 7, 2025 |access-date=November 18, 2024 |website=US Soccer}}</ref> Tullis-Joyce make ein senior international debut on April 5, 2025, keeping a clean sheet insyd a 2–0 friendly win against Brazil.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 5, 2025 |title=USWNT Downs Brazil 2-0 on Goals From Trinity Rodman and Lindsey Heaps in Front of 32,303 in Los Angeles |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/04/us-womens-national-team-vs-brazil-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250407145326/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/04/us-womens-national-team-vs-brazil-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap |archive-date=April 7, 2025 |access-date=April 7, 2025 |website=US Soccer}}</ref> == Personal life == Tullis-Joyce major insyd marine biology wey she be a certified AOW den AAUS scientific diver.<ref name="seattletimes-043022">{{cite web |last1=Evans |first1=Jayda |date=April 30, 2022 |title=Young star goalkeeper Phallon Tullis-Joyce hoping to make a splash for OL Reign in 2022 |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/reign/young-star-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-hoping-to-make-a-splash-for-ol-reign-in-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816002011/https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/reign/young-star-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-hoping-to-make-a-splash-for-ol-reign-in-2022/ |archive-date=August 16, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=The Seattle Times}}</ref> ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {{updated|May 16, 2026}}<ref name="soccerway"/> {| class="wikitable" Style="text-align: center" |+ Appearances den goals by club, season den competition |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|National cup !colspan="2"|League cup !colspan="2"|Continental !colspan="2"|Oda !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="4"|[[Stade de Reims Féminines|Reims]] |2018–19 |[[Seconde Ligue|D2F]] |3||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||3||0 |- |[[2019–20 Division 1 Féminine|2019–20]] |[[Première Ligue|D1F]] |16||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||16||0 |- |[[2020–21 Division 1 Féminine|2020–21]] |D1F |22||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||22||0 |- !colspan="2"|Total!!41!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!41!!0 |- |rowspan="4"|[[OL Reign]] |[[2021 OL Reign season|2021]] |[[National Women's Soccer League|NWSL]] |1||0|| colspan="2" |—||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||0||0||1||0 |- |[[2022 OL Reign season|2022]] |NWSL |22||0|| colspan="2" |—||7||0|| colspan="2" |—||1||0||30||0 |- |[[2023 OL Reign season|2023]] |NWSL |16||0|| colspan="2" |—||0||0|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||16||0 |- !colspan="2"|Total !39!!0!!0!!0!!7!!0!!0!!0!!1!!0!!47!!0 |- |rowspan="4"|[[Manchester United W.F.C.|Manchester United]] |[[2023–24 Manchester United W.F.C. season|2023–24]] |[[Women's Super League|WSL]] |0||0||0||0||4||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||4||0 |- |[[2024–25 Manchester United W.F.C. season|2024–25]] |WSL |22||0||5||0||3||0|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||30||0 |- |[[2025–26 Manchester United W.F.C. season|2025–26]] |WSL |21||0||2||0||3||0||12||0|| colspan="2" |—||38||0 |- !colspan="2"|Total !43!!0!!7!!0!!10!!0!!12!!0!!0!!0!!72!!0 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !123!!0!!7!!0!!17!!0!!12!!0!!1!!0!!160!!0 |} ===International=== {{updated|match played April 14, 2026}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances den goals by national team den year |- !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="2"|[[United States women's national soccer team|United States]] |[[2025 in American soccer#Women's|2025]]||4||0 |- |[[2026 in American soccer#Women's|2026]]|| 3 ||0 |- !colspan="2"|Total!! 7 !! 0 |} ==Honors== '''United States''' * [[SheBelieves Cup]]: [[2026 SheBelieves Cup|2026]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=2026 Shebelieves Cup USWNT vs Columbia result |url= https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/03/uswnt/us-womens-national-team-defeat-colombia-1-0-on-late-goal-from-alyssa-thompson-to-win-its-eighth-shebelieves-cup |access-date=March 7, 2026 |work=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> '''Reims''' * [[Division 2 Féminine]]: 2018–19 '''OL Reign''' * [[NWSL Shield]]: [[2022 National Women's Soccer League season|2022]]<ref>{{cite web |title=OL Reign claim NWSL Shield with comfortable win over Orlando |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/ol-reign/story/4759736/ol-reign-claim-nwsl-shield-with-comfortable-win-over-orlando |publisher=ESPN |access-date=7 October 2022 |date=2 October 2022 |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007212924/https://www.espn.com/soccer/ol-reign/story/4759736/ol-reign-claim-nwsl-shield-with-comfortable-win-over-orlando |url-status=live }}</ref> '''Manchester United''' *[[Women's FA Cup]]: [[2023–24 Women's FA Cup|2023–24]];<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=12 May 2024 |title=Women's FA Cup final: Manchester United beat Tottenham to win first major trophy |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c3g9d12wn33t |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=BBC Sport |language= |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523132928/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c3g9d12wn33t |url-status=live }}</ref> runner-up: [[2024–25 Women's FA Cup|2024–25]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sanders |first1=Emma |title=Chelsea seal treble with FA Cup win over Man Utd |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c5yegvjzq0vt |website=BBC Sport |access-date=18 May 2025 |date=18 May 2025 |archive-date=18 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250518193247/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c5yegvjzq0vt |url-status=live }}</ref> *[[Women's League Cup]] runner-up: [[2025–26 Women's League Cup|2025–26]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sanders |first1=Emma |title=Chelsea 2-0 Manchester United: Lauren James and Aggie-Beever Jones score in League Cup final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cx24ml4d1l2t |website=BBC Sport |access-date=15 March 2026 |date=15 March 2026 |archive-date=15 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260315185726/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cx24ml4d1l2t |url-status=live }}</ref> '''Individual''' * [[NWSL Team of the Month]]: May 2022<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.olreign.com/news/2022/6/9/four-ol-reign-players-named-to-nwsl-may-team-of-the-month-presented-by-mastercard|title=Four OL Reign Players Named to NWSL May Team of the Month Presented by Mastercard|website=OL REIGN: WE ARE THE BOLD|access-date=October 17, 2022|archive-date=October 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017212057/https://www.olreign.com/news/2022/6/9/four-ol-reign-players-named-to-nwsl-may-team-of-the-month-presented-by-mastercard|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[NWSL Challenge Cup]] All-Tournament Team: [[2022 NWSL Challenge Cup|2022]]<ref name="22Cup"/> * Manchester United Women's [[Manchester United W.F.C.#Player of the Year|Players' Player of the Year]]: [[2024–25 Manchester United W.F.C. season|2024–25]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Tullis-Joyce wins Women's Players' Player of the Year |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/phallon-tullis-joyce-wins-man-utd-women-players-player-of-the-year |website=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=17 May 2025 |accessdate=19 May 2025 |archive-date=17 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517114133/https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/phallon-tullis-joyce-wins-man-utd-women-players-player-of-the-year |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[PFA Team of the Year|PFA WSL Team of the Year]]: [[2024–25 Women's Super League|2024–25]]<ref>{{cite web |title=PFA WSL Team of the Year 2025 |url=https://www.thepfa.com/news/2025/8/19/pfa-wsl-team-of-the-year-2025 |website=Professional Fooballers' Association |date=19 August 2025 |access-date=20 August 2025 |archive-date=20 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250820114842/https://www.thepfa.com/news/2025/8/19/pfa-wsl-team-of-the-year-2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Women's Super League|Barclays WSL]] Team of the Season: May 2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 5, 2025 |title=United Women trio named in Team of the Season |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-women-trio-named-in-wsl-team-of-the-season |access-date=May 5, 2025}}</ref> * [[Women's Super League Golden Glove|Barclays WSL Golden Glove]]: [[2024–25 Women's Super League|2024–25]]<ref name="2425GoldenGlove"/> == References == <references /> == External links == 88gertdkgeaa9dmv31ziujxjbiqpx5b 110139 110138 2026-08-18T15:10:29Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 110139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Phallon Abaigeal Tullis-Joyce''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|b|ɪ|ɡ|eɪ|l}}; born October 19, 1996) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a goalkeeper give English Women's Super League club Manchester United den de United States national team.<ref name="signUnited">{{cite web |date=September 14, 2023 |title=United complete signing of Tullis-Joyce |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-women-sign-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-on-a-permanent-deal |access-date=September 14, 2023 |website=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United}}</ref> She previously play college soccer give de Miami Hurricanes den professionally give French Division 1 Féminine club Reims den OL Reign of de National Women's Soccer League.<ref>{{cite web |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce |url=http://www.statsfootofeminin.fr/joueur.php?joueur=10810 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101130343/https://www.statsfootofeminin.fr/joueur.php?joueur=10810 |archive-date=November 1, 2021 |accessdate=January 23, 2019 |publisher=footofeminin.fr |language=french}}</ref> == Early life den education == Dem born den raise am on Long Island, New York, Tullis-Joyce attend Longwood High School wer na she be a five year varsity player den most valuable player (MVP).<ref name="um-bio">{{cite web |date=June 2, 2017 |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce |url=https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410110851/https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |archive-date=April 10, 2021 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=University of Miami}}</ref> A multiple-award winner, Tullis-Joyce be named all-league, all-conference den all-county ein last three seasons den Named League 1 Player of de Year insyd 2012.<ref name="um-bio" /> She sanso be named to de state team insyd 2012-13.<ref name="um-bio" /> Tullis-Joyce play club soccer give Match Fit Colchesters wey she help lead de team to de US Youth National League Championship insyd 2013. She previously play give de Farmingdale United den WPSL FC Westchester Elite.<ref name="um-bio">{{cite web |date=June 2, 2017 |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce |url=https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410110851/https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |archive-date=April 10, 2021 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=University of Miami}}</ref> She play give de Eastern New York Olympic Development Program (ODP) as well as de regional ODP team.<ref name="um-bio" /> Tullis-Joyce attend de University of Miami wer she play collegiate soccer give Miami Hurricanes.<ref name="eqz">{{cite news|last1=Halloran|first1=John D.|title=American goalkeeper finds an unexpected dream in an unexpected place|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2020/02/21/american-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-professional-france-stade-de-reims-interview/|access-date=10 April 2021|publisher=The Equalizer|date=February 21, 2020|archive-date=April 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410110851/https://equalizersoccer.com/2020/02/21/american-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-professional-france-stade-de-reims-interview/|url-status=live}}</ref> As a redshirt freshman, she start insyd goal nine times, she make 24 saves, wey she concede 13 goals plus one anaa fewer she allow insyd five of de matches she play.<ref name="um-bio">{{cite web |date=June 2, 2017 |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce |url=https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410110851/https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ |archive-date=April 10, 2021 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=University of Miami}}</ref> She rank ninth insyd de Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) insyd shutouts per game (0.22).<ref name="um-bio" /> During ein sophomore season plus de team, Tullis-Joyce be de starting goalkeeper wey dem name am to de All-ACC Academic Team. She earn NSCAA College Player of de Week ACC Defensive Player of de Week honors insyd September 2016.<ref name="um-bio" /> == Club career == === Reims, 2019–2021 === Tullis-Joyce declare give de 2019 NWSL College Draft buh na dem no select am.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 9, 2019 |title=Final list of players registered for the 2019 NWSL College Draft |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/final-list-of-players-registered-for-the-2019-nwsl-college-draft |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104025602/https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/final-list-of-players-registered-for-the-2019-nwsl-college-draft |archive-date=January 4, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2023 |website=www.nwslsoccer.com}}</ref> On January 19, 2019, Tullis-Joyce sign plus French Division 2 club Stade de Reims.<ref name="reims">{{cite web |date=January 20, 2019 |title=Tullis-Joyce Inks Pro Deal with France's Stade de Reims |url=https://hurricanesports.com/news/2019/1/20/womens-soccer-tullis-joyce-inks-pro-deal-with-frances-stade-de-reims.aspx |accessdate=January 23, 2020}}</ref> She make ein debut on April 14, 2019 insyd a 4–0 league win against Brest.<ref name="debut">{{cite web |title=Championnat de France de D2 2018-2019 - Groupe A - 20e journee - Brest-Reims 0-4 |url=http://www.statsfootofeminin.fr/match.php?id=22549 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921185223/http://www.statsfootofeminin.fr/match.php?id=22549 |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |accessdate=January 23, 2020}}</ref> De team be promoted as champions at de end of de season. During de 2019–20 season, she be de starting goalkeeper insyd 16 matches.<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web |title=P. Tullis-Joyce |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/-/626225/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> Reims fini de regular season insyd eighth place plis a 4–9–3 record.<ref name="soccerway" /> During de 2020–21 season, she start insyd all 22 league matches. Reims fini de season insyd sixth place plus a 9–10–3 record.<ref name="soccerway" /> === OL Reign, 2021–2023 === [[File:Phallon-rapinoe-kick.jpg|alt=OL Reign goalkeeper Phallon Tullis-Joyce kicks a ball in the air while teammate Megan Rapinoe looks on|right|thumb|Tullis-Joyce dey kick a ball while teammate Megan Rapinoe dey look on during warm-ups before a match, May 2022]] On April 8, 2021, Tullis-Joyce sign a one-and-a-half-year contract plus American NWSL club OL Reign.<ref>{{cite news|title=OL REIGN SIGN GOALKEEPER PHALLON TULLIS-JOYCE THROUGH 2022 SEASON|url=https://www.olreign.com/news/2021/4/8/ol-reign-sign-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-through-2022-season|access-date=10 April 2021|publisher=OL Reign|date=8 April 2021|archive-date=September 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921190725/https://www.olreign.com/news/2021/4/8/ol-reign-sign-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-through-2022-season|url-status=dead}}</ref> During de 2021 season, she be a backup goalkeeper for on-loan French international [[Sarah Bouhaddi]] wey she make one appearance during de season.<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web |title=P. Tullis-Joyce |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/-/626225/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> De Reign fini insyd second place during de regular season plus a 13–8–3 record.<ref>{{cite web |title=2021 National Women's Soccer League |url=https://us.soccerway.com/national/united-states/national-womens-soccer-league/2020/regular-season/r56115/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320223856/https://us.soccerway.com/national/united-states/national-womens-soccer-league/2020/regular-season/r56115/ |archive-date=March 20, 2023 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> After advancing to de NWSL Playoffs, na dem be eliminated by eventual champions Washington Spirit.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 14, 2021 |title=OL Reign season ends with stunning 2-1 home playoff loss to Washington Spirit |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/reign/ol-reign-season-ends-with-stunning-2-1-home-playoff-loss-to-washington-spirit/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922185837/https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/reign/ol-reign-season-ends-with-stunning-2-1-home-playoff-loss-to-washington-spirit/ |archive-date=September 22, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=The Seattle Times}}</ref> Following de departure of Bouhaddi, Tullis-Joyce be de starting goalkeeper during de 2022 season, starting all 30 matches.<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web |title=P. Tullis-Joyce |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/-/626225/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref><ref name="allforxi-0522">{{cite web |last1=Tonelli |first1=Jenna |date=May 2, 2022 |title=For Phallon Tullis-Joyce, the time is now |url=https://www.allforxi.com/2022/5/2/23052842/for-phallon-tullis-joyce-the-time-is-now |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921185221/https://www.allforxi.com/2022/5/2/23052842/for-phallon-tullis-joyce-the-time-is-now |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=All for XI}}</ref> She win five save of de week honors, be named to de NWSL Team of de Month for May wey she earn Challenge Cup Team of de Tournament honors.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 19, 2022 |title=PHALLON TULLIS-JOYCE EARNS FIFTH NWSL SAVE OF THE WEEK HONOR |url=https://www.olreign.com/news/phallon-tullis-joyce-literally-cannot-stop-winning-save-of-the-week#:~:text=The%20National%20Women's%20Soccer%20League,Providence%20Park%20in%20Portland%2C%20Oregon. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921185221/https://www.olreign.com/news/phallon-tullis-joyce-literally-cannot-stop-winning-save-of-the-week#:~:text=The%20National%20Women's%20Soccer%20League,Providence%20Park%20in%20Portland%2C%20Oregon. |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=OL Reign}}</ref><ref name="22Cup">{{Cite web |title=Four OL Reign Players Named to 2022 NWSL Challenge Cup All-Tournament Team |url=https://www.olreign.com/news/four-ol-reign-players-named-to-2022-nwsl-challenge-cup-all-tournament-team |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017212103/https://www.olreign.com/news/four-ol-reign-players-named-to-2022-nwsl-challenge-cup-all-tournament-team |archive-date=October 17, 2022 |access-date=October 17, 2022 |website=OL REIGN: WE ARE THE BOLD}}</ref> She sanso be nominated for NWSL Goalkeeper of de Year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2022/10/26/kailen-sheridan-named-2022-nwsl-goalkeeper-of-the-year/|title=Kailen Sheridan named 2022 NWSL Goalkeeper of the Year|last=Kassouf|first=Jeff|date=October 26, 2022|website=The Equalizer|access-date=2024-06-27|archive-date=July 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724022516/https://equalizersoccer.com/2022/10/26/kailen-sheridan-named-2022-nwsl-goalkeeper-of-the-year/|url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd July 2022, she sign a contract extension thru de 2024 season plus de Reign.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cristobol |first1=Jacob |date=July 6, 2022 |title=Phallon Tullis-Joyce signs contract extension with OL Reign |url=https://www.sounderatheart.com/seattle-reign/2022/7/6/23196926/phallon-tullis-joyce-ol-reign-contract-extension |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921185221/https://www.sounderatheart.com/seattle-reign/2022/7/6/23196926/phallon-tullis-joyce-ol-reign-contract-extension |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Sounder at Heart}}</ref> === Manchester United, 2023–present === On September 14, 2023, Tullis-Joyce sign give Manchester United.<ref name="signUnited">{{cite web |date=September 14, 2023 |title=United complete signing of Tullis-Joyce |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-women-sign-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-on-a-permanent-deal |access-date=September 14, 2023 |website=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United}}</ref> De club reportedly pay a transfer fee of $160,000, a record fee give a female goalkeeper.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 15, 2023 |title=USWNT goalkeeping prospect leaves NWSL for Manchester United |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/phallon-tullis-joyce-nwsl-manchester-united-uswnt/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002044945/https://justwomenssports.com/reads/phallon-tullis-joyce-nwsl-manchester-united-uswnt/ |archive-date=October 2, 2023 |access-date=September 15, 2023 |website=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> She make ein debut on November 9, 2023, keeping a clean sheet insyd a 7–0 win over Everton insyd de 2023–24 FA Women's League Cup group stage.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tullis-Joyce: It was an incredible team effort |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/phallon-tullis-joyce-reacts-following-her-man-utd-women-debut-10-november |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726233854/https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/phallon-tullis-joyce-reacts-following-her-man-utd-women-debut-10-november |archive-date=July 26, 2024 |access-date=July 26, 2024 |website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> Tullis-Joyce start all four group stage games, ein only appearances of de season as backup behind [[Mary Earps]], as she keep two clean sheets wey she concede three goals. Manchester United fini as runners-up insyd de group buh na dem no qualify for de knockout stage.<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web |title=P. Tullis-Joyce |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/-/626225/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> Dey follow de departure of Earps insyd summer 2024, Tullis-Joyce inherit de starting keeper role. She make ein WSL debut on September 21, starting den keeping a clean sheet insyd an opening day 3–0 win at Old Trafford.<ref>{{cite web |title=United Women 3 West Ham 0 |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-women-vs-west-ham-utd-wsl-21-september-2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921153604/https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-women-vs-west-ham-utd-wsl-21-september-2024 |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |access-date=September 21, 2024 |website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> On April 25, 2025, she extend ein contract plus de club til June 2028.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 25, 2025 |title=USWNT's Phallon Tullis-Joyce signs new Man United contract |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/44851734/uswnt-phallon-tullis-joyce-signs-new-man-united-contract |access-date=April 25, 2025}}</ref> Tullis-Joyce keep 13 clean sheets during de 2024–25 WSL season, sharing de Golden Glove award plus Chelsea ein [[Hannah Hampton]].<ref name="2425GoldenGlove">{{Cite web |last=Spencer |first=Jamie |date=May 10, 2025 |title=Tullis-Joyce shares 24/25 WSL Golden Glove |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/phallon-tullis-joyce-shares-wsl-golden-glove-for-2024-25-season |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250510224745/https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/phallon-tullis-joyce-shares-wsl-golden-glove-for-2024-25-season |archive-date=May 10, 2025 |access-date=May 10, 2025 |website=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United}}</ref> == International career == Insyd June 2022, Tullis-Joyce be included insyd United States national team ein 59-player provisional squad for de 2022 CONCACAF W Championship.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lavelle, Rapinoe, Morgan headline USWNT's World Cup Qualifying provisional roster|url=https://sbisoccer.com/2022/06/lavelle-rapinoe-morgan-headline-uswnt-provisional-world-cup-qualifying-roster?amp=1|date=9 June 2022|access-date=9 June 2022|archive-date=June 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609093442/https://sbisoccer.com/2022/06/lavelle-rapinoe-morgan-headline-uswnt-provisional-world-cup-qualifying-roster?amp=1|url-status=live}}</ref> On November 18, 2024, she receive ein first official senior call-up for de friendly matches against England den de Netherlands.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 18, 2024 |title=Emma Hayes Names U.S. Women’s National Team Roster for Friendlies in England and The Netherlands against Last Two European Champions |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/11/hayes-names-24-player-uswnt-roster-for-friendlies-in-england-and-the-netherlands |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250407144837/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/11/hayes-names-24-player-uswnt-roster-for-friendlies-in-england-and-the-netherlands |archive-date=April 7, 2025 |access-date=November 18, 2024 |website=US Soccer}}</ref> Tullis-Joyce make ein senior international debut on April 5, 2025, keeping a clean sheet insyd a 2–0 friendly win against Brazil.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 5, 2025 |title=USWNT Downs Brazil 2-0 on Goals From Trinity Rodman and Lindsey Heaps in Front of 32,303 in Los Angeles |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/04/us-womens-national-team-vs-brazil-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250407145326/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/04/us-womens-national-team-vs-brazil-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap |archive-date=April 7, 2025 |access-date=April 7, 2025 |website=US Soccer}}</ref> == Personal life == Tullis-Joyce major insyd marine biology wey she be a certified AOW den AAUS scientific diver.<ref name="seattletimes-043022">{{cite web |last1=Evans |first1=Jayda |date=April 30, 2022 |title=Young star goalkeeper Phallon Tullis-Joyce hoping to make a splash for OL Reign in 2022 |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/reign/young-star-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-hoping-to-make-a-splash-for-ol-reign-in-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816002011/https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/reign/young-star-goalkeeper-phallon-tullis-joyce-hoping-to-make-a-splash-for-ol-reign-in-2022/ |archive-date=August 16, 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=The Seattle Times}}</ref> ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {{updated|May 16, 2026}}<ref name="soccerway"/> {| class="wikitable" Style="text-align: center" |+ Appearances den goals by club, season den competition |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|National cup !colspan="2"|League cup !colspan="2"|Continental !colspan="2"|Oda !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="4"|[[Stade de Reims Féminines|Reims]] |2018–19 |[[Seconde Ligue|D2F]] |3||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||3||0 |- |[[2019–20 Division 1 Féminine|2019–20]] |[[Première Ligue|D1F]] |16||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||16||0 |- |[[2020–21 Division 1 Féminine|2020–21]] |D1F |22||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||22||0 |- !colspan="2"|Total!!41!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!41!!0 |- |rowspan="4"|[[OL Reign]] |[[2021 OL Reign season|2021]] |[[National Women's Soccer League|NWSL]] |1||0|| colspan="2" |—||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||0||0||1||0 |- |[[2022 OL Reign season|2022]] |NWSL |22||0|| colspan="2" |—||7||0|| colspan="2" |—||1||0||30||0 |- |[[2023 OL Reign season|2023]] |NWSL |16||0|| colspan="2" |—||0||0|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||16||0 |- !colspan="2"|Total !39!!0!!0!!0!!7!!0!!0!!0!!1!!0!!47!!0 |- |rowspan="4"|[[Manchester United W.F.C.|Manchester United]] |[[2023–24 Manchester United W.F.C. season|2023–24]] |[[Women's Super League|WSL]] |0||0||0||0||4||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||4||0 |- |[[2024–25 Manchester United W.F.C. season|2024–25]] |WSL |22||0||5||0||3||0|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||30||0 |- |[[2025–26 Manchester United W.F.C. season|2025–26]] |WSL |21||0||2||0||3||0||12||0|| colspan="2" |—||38||0 |- !colspan="2"|Total !43!!0!!7!!0!!10!!0!!12!!0!!0!!0!!72!!0 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !123!!0!!7!!0!!17!!0!!12!!0!!1!!0!!160!!0 |} ===International=== {{updated|match played April 14, 2026}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances den goals by national team den year |- !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="2"|[[United States women's national soccer team|United States]] |[[2025 in American soccer#Women's|2025]]||4||0 |- |[[2026 in American soccer#Women's|2026]]|| 3 ||0 |- !colspan="2"|Total!! 7 !! 0 |} ==Honors== '''United States''' * [[SheBelieves Cup]]: [[2026 SheBelieves Cup|2026]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=2026 Shebelieves Cup USWNT vs Columbia result |url= https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/03/uswnt/us-womens-national-team-defeat-colombia-1-0-on-late-goal-from-alyssa-thompson-to-win-its-eighth-shebelieves-cup |access-date=March 7, 2026 |work=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> '''Reims''' * [[Division 2 Féminine]]: 2018–19 '''OL Reign''' * [[NWSL Shield]]: [[2022 National Women's Soccer League season|2022]]<ref>{{cite web |title=OL Reign claim NWSL Shield with comfortable win over Orlando |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/ol-reign/story/4759736/ol-reign-claim-nwsl-shield-with-comfortable-win-over-orlando |publisher=ESPN |access-date=7 October 2022 |date=2 October 2022 |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007212924/https://www.espn.com/soccer/ol-reign/story/4759736/ol-reign-claim-nwsl-shield-with-comfortable-win-over-orlando |url-status=live }}</ref> '''Manchester United''' *[[Women's FA Cup]]: [[2023–24 Women's FA Cup|2023–24]];<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=12 May 2024 |title=Women's FA Cup final: Manchester United beat Tottenham to win first major trophy |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c3g9d12wn33t |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=BBC Sport |language= |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523132928/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c3g9d12wn33t |url-status=live }}</ref> runner-up: [[2024–25 Women's FA Cup|2024–25]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sanders |first1=Emma |title=Chelsea seal treble with FA Cup win over Man Utd |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c5yegvjzq0vt |website=BBC Sport |access-date=18 May 2025 |date=18 May 2025 |archive-date=18 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250518193247/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c5yegvjzq0vt |url-status=live }}</ref> *[[Women's League Cup]] runner-up: [[2025–26 Women's League Cup|2025–26]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sanders |first1=Emma |title=Chelsea 2-0 Manchester United: Lauren James and Aggie-Beever Jones score in League Cup final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cx24ml4d1l2t |website=BBC Sport |access-date=15 March 2026 |date=15 March 2026 |archive-date=15 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260315185726/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cx24ml4d1l2t |url-status=live }}</ref> '''Individual''' * [[NWSL Team of the Month]]: May 2022<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.olreign.com/news/2022/6/9/four-ol-reign-players-named-to-nwsl-may-team-of-the-month-presented-by-mastercard|title=Four OL Reign Players Named to NWSL May Team of the Month Presented by Mastercard|website=OL REIGN: WE ARE THE BOLD|access-date=October 17, 2022|archive-date=October 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017212057/https://www.olreign.com/news/2022/6/9/four-ol-reign-players-named-to-nwsl-may-team-of-the-month-presented-by-mastercard|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[NWSL Challenge Cup]] All-Tournament Team: [[2022 NWSL Challenge Cup|2022]]<ref name="22Cup"/> * Manchester United Women's [[Manchester United W.F.C.#Player of the Year|Players' Player of the Year]]: [[2024–25 Manchester United W.F.C. season|2024–25]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Tullis-Joyce wins Women's Players' Player of the Year |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/phallon-tullis-joyce-wins-man-utd-women-players-player-of-the-year |website=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=17 May 2025 |accessdate=19 May 2025 |archive-date=17 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517114133/https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/phallon-tullis-joyce-wins-man-utd-women-players-player-of-the-year |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[PFA Team of the Year|PFA WSL Team of the Year]]: [[2024–25 Women's Super League|2024–25]]<ref>{{cite web |title=PFA WSL Team of the Year 2025 |url=https://www.thepfa.com/news/2025/8/19/pfa-wsl-team-of-the-year-2025 |website=Professional Fooballers' Association |date=19 August 2025 |access-date=20 August 2025 |archive-date=20 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250820114842/https://www.thepfa.com/news/2025/8/19/pfa-wsl-team-of-the-year-2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Women's Super League|Barclays WSL]] Team of the Season: May 2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 5, 2025 |title=United Women trio named in Team of the Season |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-women-trio-named-in-wsl-team-of-the-season |access-date=May 5, 2025}}</ref> * [[Women's Super League Golden Glove|Barclays WSL Golden Glove]]: [[2024–25 Women's Super League|2024–25]]<ref name="2425GoldenGlove"/> == References == <references /> ==External links== {{commons}} *{{soccerway}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230724062847/https://www.olreign.com/phallon-tullis-joyce Phallon Tullis-Joyce] at [[OL Reign]] (archived) * [https://www.statsfootofeminin.fr/joueur.php?joueur=10810 Phallon Tullis-Joyce] at footofeminin.fr {{in lang|fr}} * [https://miamihurricanes.com/roster/phallon-tullis-joyce/ Phallon Tullis-Joyce] at [[Miami Hurricanes]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Tullis-Joyce, Phallon}} [[Category:1996 births]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:American women's soccer players]] [[Category:Women's association football goalkeepers]] [[Category:Première Ligue players]] [[Category:Miami Hurricanes women's soccer players]] [[Category:Stade de Reims Féminines players]] [[Category:Manchester United W.F.C. players]] [[Category:Women's Super League players]] [[Category:Expatriate women's footballers insyd France]] [[Category:American expatriate sportspeople insyd France]] [[Category:Expatriate women's footballers insyd England]] [[Category:American expatriate sportspeople insyd England]] [[Category:Seattle Reign FC players]] [[Category:People wey komot Shoreham, New York]] [[Category:Soccer players wey komot Suffolk County, New York]] [[Category:American expatriate women's soccer players]] [[Category:National Women's Soccer League players]] [[Category:21st-century American sportswomen]] [[Category:United States women's international soccer players]] ka7wsjv4m7l146keldgcue8olmjlfst Emma Hayes 0 29718 110112 2026-08-18T13:02:09Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367103571|Emma Hayes]]" 110112 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emma Carol Hayes''' (born 18 October 1976) be an English professional football manager wey be de head coach of de United States women's national team. She previously be manager of Chelsea Women from 2012 to 2024, winning seven Women's Super League titles, wey dey include five consecutively from 2020 to 2024. Insyd 2024, she lead de United States to a gold medal at de [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|Paris Olympics]]. She be awarded de inaugural Women's Johan Cruyff Trophy dat year as de best coach insyd de women's game. mc1a8fxqbffiqrukyw3q3002hqtp5jm 110116 110112 2026-08-18T13:20:29Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the section "Early life" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367103571|Emma Hayes]]" 110116 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emma Carol Hayes''' (born 18 October 1976) be an English professional football manager wey be de head coach of de United States women's national team. She previously be manager of Chelsea Women from 2012 to 2024, winning seven Women's Super League titles, wey dey include five consecutively from 2020 to 2024. Insyd 2024, she lead de United States to a gold medal at de [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|Paris Olympics]]. She be awarded de inaugural Women's Johan Cruyff Trophy dat year as de best coach insyd de women's game. == Early life == Hayes be born insyd Camden, London, wey she attend Parliament Hill School.<ref name=":2">{{cite news|last=Barnett|first=Steve|title=Top boss: Hayes scoops third trophy to round off campaign|url=http://islingtontribune.com/article/top-boss-hayes-scoops-third-trophy-of-season?sp=1&sq=Emma%2520hayes|publisher=Islington Tribune|date=27 May 2021|archive-date=14 November 2021|access-date=14 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114162705/http://islingtontribune.com/article/top-boss-hayes-scoops-third-trophy-of-season?sp=1&sq=Emma%2520hayes|url-status=live}}</ref> She play give Arsenal's academy as a midfielder from 1988 to 1996,<ref name="frontrowsoccer">{{cite news|last=Lewis|first=Michael|url=https://www.frontrowsoccer.com/2023/11/17/a-blast-from-the-past-when-emma-hayes-was-hired-by-the-lady-riders/|title=Hayes Named Lady Riders Coach|via=Front Row Soccer|date=November 2001|access-date=15 February 2024|archive-date=15 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215034510/https://www.frontrowsoccer.com/2023/11/17/a-blast-from-the-past-when-emma-hayes-was-hired-by-the-lady-riders/|url-status=live}}</ref> buh an ankle injury while on a ski trip wen na she dey 17 ultimately end ein playing career. With football ruled out, Hayes study European studies, Spanish, den sociology at Liverpool Hope University College wey later she read for a master's degree insyd intelligence den international affairs.{{r|wrack7}} 37d49xwdum9foilh886cu2gz6orvyw3 110170 110116 2026-08-18T16:28:39Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the section "Career" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367103571|Emma Hayes]]" 110170 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emma Carol Hayes''' (born 18 October 1976) be an English professional football manager wey be de head coach of de United States women's national team. She previously be manager of Chelsea Women from 2012 to 2024, winning seven Women's Super League titles, wey dey include five consecutively from 2020 to 2024. Insyd 2024, she lead de United States to a gold medal at de [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|Paris Olympics]]. She be awarded de inaugural Women's Johan Cruyff Trophy dat year as de best coach insyd de women's game. == Early life == Hayes be born insyd Camden, London, wey she attend Parliament Hill School.<ref name=":2">{{cite news|last=Barnett|first=Steve|title=Top boss: Hayes scoops third trophy to round off campaign|url=http://islingtontribune.com/article/top-boss-hayes-scoops-third-trophy-of-season?sp=1&sq=Emma%2520hayes|publisher=Islington Tribune|date=27 May 2021|archive-date=14 November 2021|access-date=14 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114162705/http://islingtontribune.com/article/top-boss-hayes-scoops-third-trophy-of-season?sp=1&sq=Emma%2520hayes|url-status=live}}</ref> She play give Arsenal's academy as a midfielder from 1988 to 1996,<ref name="frontrowsoccer">{{cite news|last=Lewis|first=Michael|url=https://www.frontrowsoccer.com/2023/11/17/a-blast-from-the-past-when-emma-hayes-was-hired-by-the-lady-riders/|title=Hayes Named Lady Riders Coach|via=Front Row Soccer|date=November 2001|access-date=15 February 2024|archive-date=15 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215034510/https://www.frontrowsoccer.com/2023/11/17/a-blast-from-the-past-when-emma-hayes-was-hired-by-the-lady-riders/|url-status=live}}</ref> buh an ankle injury while on a ski trip wen na she dey 17 ultimately end ein playing career. With football ruled out, Hayes study European studies, Spanish, den sociology at Liverpool Hope University College wey later she read for a master's degree insyd intelligence den international affairs.{{r|wrack7}} == Career == While at Liverpool Hope, Hayes coach de women's football team from 1997 to 1999. Insyd 1999, she move back to London, helping develop youth players at Croydon den Crystal Palace. Insyd 2002, she cam be de manager of de Long Island Lady Riders on Long Island, New York, becoming de youngest coach insyd de league. Insyd de USL W-League, she lead de team to finish first insyd de Northeast Division of de Eastern Conference, wey na dem name am as de league ein coach of de season. De team win dema conference semi-final match 3–1 against de New York Magic, before losing 4–2 insyd de conference championship against de Boston Renegades. She be appointed as de head coach for de Iona Gaels women's team, of Iona College insyd New Rochelle, New York, on 22 January 2003, wer she remain til de end of de 2005 season. She return to England to become de assistant first team coach give Arsenal Ladies over 3 seasons between 2005 den 2008, during wich time de team win 11 major trophies wey dey include three Women's Premier League titles, three FA Women's Cups den de UEFA Women's Cup. At de same time, she sanso be de club ein Academy director, wey dey oversee de development of young players. Hayes join de Chicago Red Stars of Women's Professional Soccer as a manager on 15 May 2008. After dem sack am insyd 2010, she take up a technical director role at Western New York Flash wey she advise dem on transfers, helping to create a team wey win de 2011 Women's Professional Soccer championship. After anoda stint as a consultant for Washington Freedom, Hayes return to London wey she work give de family business, Covent Garden FX, a currency exchange. === Chelsea === During de mid-season [[2012 Summer Olympics]] break on 14 August 2012, Chelsea hire Hayes as manager for de remainder of de 2012 season following de resignation of Matt Beard to become manager at Liverpool. Hayes manage ein first match plus Chelsea on 18 August 2012 insyd a 1–0 win at Doncaster Rovers Belles. ==== 2015 season ==== After narrowly missing out on de 2014 FA WSL 1 title on de final day, Hayes oversee a huge squad overhaul wey bear witness to de addition of several arrivals. Swedish shot-stopper [[Hedvig Lindahl]] den promising England centre-half [[Millie Bright]] be among de new recruits. [[Marija Banušić|Marija Banusic]], [[Gemma Davison]] den [[Niamh Fahey]] sanso join Chelsea, signing from Kristianstads, Liverpool Ladies den Arsenal Ladies respectively. Later on insyd de season, Hayes won de race for Reading den England forward [[Fran Kirby]] for a British record fee. Plus de agonising memories of final-day defeat still fresh insyd memory, Hayes guide ein side to a historic league den cup double, edging de FA Cup Final thanks to a lone strike from [[Ji So-yun]] late on insyd de first half. Later on insyd de season, dem avenge demaselves by winning de FA WSL 1 title, after hammering [[Sunderland A.F.C. Ladies|Sunderland]] at home 4–0 to secure de trophy. Insyd de Women's Champions League, Hayes ein side reach de last 16 after defeating Glasgow City. After dema 2–1 home defeat by VfL Wolfsburg, Hayes criticise The Football Association for poor fixture scheduling, wey she insist say de competition be "geared to French, German den Swedish teams, den til we change dat anaa listen to clubs like Chelsea we always go be to get knocked out insyd de early rounds." ==== 2016–17 season ==== Hayes ein side fini second insyd The FA WSL 1, five points adrift of Champions Manchester City. De Blues sanso reach de FA Cup Final for de second consecutive year, losing 1–0 to a strong Arsenal side. Chelsea however win de FA WSL Spring Series, an interim edition of de FA WSL. Hayes lead de side to first place, finishing on de same points as Manchester City buh dem beat dem on goal difference. ==== 2017–18 season ==== Aided plus de addition of new players wey dey include [[Ramona Bachmann]], [[Maren Mjelde]], [[Erin Cuthbert]] den [[Crystal Dunn]], Emma Hayes guide ein side to finish top, insyd a reorganised FA WSL1, on goal difference. De team sanso play de FA Cup competitions wey dem reach de semi-final buh na dem be knocked out by Birmingham City insyd a penalty shoot-out. ==== 2019–20 den 2020–21 seasons ==== Hayes seek to rebuild de team at de conclusion of de 2017–18 season around new recruits [[Sam Kerr]], [[Pernille Harder (footballer)|Pernille Harder]], [[Melanie Leupolz]], [[Magda Eriksson]], den [[Ann Katrin Berger]], having moved on sam key first-team players. De 2019–20 deb 2020–21 season see am team win back-to-back WSL titles insyd wat be record breaking years, following a trophy-less 2018–19 campaign. Given Chelsea ein dominance insyd de 2020–21 season insyd both Europe den England, sam observers hail dem as one of de best teams ever. Hayes cam be de first woman manager to reach de Champions League final insyd 12 years. On 16 May, ein Chelsea team, sanso dey play dema first-ever Champions League final, loose 4–0 to [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona Femeni]]. Hayes win de 2020–21 FA WSL ''Manager of the Season'' award. Two months later, she sign a new long-term contract plus Chelsea. Insyd de same year, Hayes be inducted into de FA WSL Hall of Fame. Based on de 2020–21 season, on 17 January 2022, she be adjudged The Best FIFA Football Coach, beating off competition from [[Lluís Cortés]] den [[Sarina Wiegman]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The Best FIFA Football Awards 2021|url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/fifa-football-awards-2021/|archive-date=23 September 2022|access-date=23 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923105748/https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/fifa-football-awards-2021/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Emma Hayes: Chelsea Women boss says winning Best FIFA Women's Coach award evoked childhood memories |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/28508/12519305/emma-hayes-chelsea-women-boss-says-winning-best-fifa-womens-coach-award-evoked-childhood-memories |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Andrew|first=Neil|date=18 January 2022|title=Breaking: Chelsea's Emma Hayes Crowned The Best FIFA Women's Coach 2021|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/liverpool/news/breaking-chelseas-emma-hayes-crowned-the-best-fifa-womens-coach-2021|access-date=16 August 2022|magazine=Sports Illustrated|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816162152/https://www.si.com/soccer/liverpool/news/breaking-chelseas-emma-hayes-crowned-the-best-fifa-womens-coach-2021|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== 2023–24 season ==== On 4 November 2023, Chelsea officially announce Hayes go depart after de ongoing season to “pursue a new opportunity outsyd of de WSL den club football.” Reports insyd de United States indicate say Hayes dey in advanced talks to be cam de new manager of de United States women's national team. On 14 November 2023, na dem name Hayes Head Coach of de United States women's national team starting at de conclusion of de WSL season. On 21 January 2024, Hayes cam be de first woman to win de Football Writers Association Tribute Award insyd ein 42 year history. Chelsea loose to Arsenal 1–0 after extra time at de FA Women's League Cup final. After de match, na dem see Hayes shove Arsenal head coach [[Jonas Eidevall]] as dem shake hands. Hayes claim na e be secof Eidevall ein "unacceptable male aggression" on de touchline after an altercation plus Erin Cuthbert during de match. Chelsea go on to crash out of de Women's FA Cup den UEFA Women's Champions League insyd de semi-final stages buh dem ultimately win a fifth WSL title insyd a row to send Hayes out on a high. === United States === Insyd November 2023, na dem name Hayes head coach of de United States women's national team (USWNT) starting at de conclusion of de WSL season. She begin ein tenure insyd May 2024 plus only two months to prepare for [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|de Olympics]]. On 1 June, insyd de team ein debut under Hayes den de first of four friendlies before de Olympics, de United States win 4–0 against South Korea. Despite de short time she get plus de team, she take dem thru an undefeated Olympics run, winning de gold medal game 1–0 against Brazil on 10 August. De team go 6–0 wey dem score ein opponents 12–2 at de tournament. On 28 October, she be awarded de inaugural Women's Johan Cruyff Trophy as de best coach insyd de women's game. Before de next major tournament cycle, Hayes introduce de "WNT Way", a plan to develop de women's game insyd de United States thru a unique "female lens". Hayes see ein first loss plus de USWNT on 26 February 2025, dropping 2–1 to Japan at de 2025 SheBelieves Cup. She broaden de USWNT player pool during ein tenure, giving 17 players dema USWNT debuts insyd ein first 20 games, de most by a new manager since de early days of de program. ix81pmbnxxvn0p6xg7qgqnngjjldbc6 110209 110170 2026-08-18T23:13:18Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the section "Personal life" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367103571|Emma Hayes]]" 110209 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emma Carol Hayes''' (born 18 October 1976) be an English professional football manager wey be de head coach of de United States women's national team. She previously be manager of Chelsea Women from 2012 to 2024, winning seven Women's Super League titles, wey dey include five consecutively from 2020 to 2024. Insyd 2024, she lead de United States to a gold medal at de [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|Paris Olympics]]. She be awarded de inaugural Women's Johan Cruyff Trophy dat year as de best coach insyd de women's game. == Early life == Hayes be born insyd Camden, London, wey she attend Parliament Hill School.<ref name=":2">{{cite news|last=Barnett|first=Steve|title=Top boss: Hayes scoops third trophy to round off campaign|url=http://islingtontribune.com/article/top-boss-hayes-scoops-third-trophy-of-season?sp=1&sq=Emma%2520hayes|publisher=Islington Tribune|date=27 May 2021|archive-date=14 November 2021|access-date=14 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114162705/http://islingtontribune.com/article/top-boss-hayes-scoops-third-trophy-of-season?sp=1&sq=Emma%2520hayes|url-status=live}}</ref> She play give Arsenal's academy as a midfielder from 1988 to 1996,<ref name="frontrowsoccer">{{cite news|last=Lewis|first=Michael|url=https://www.frontrowsoccer.com/2023/11/17/a-blast-from-the-past-when-emma-hayes-was-hired-by-the-lady-riders/|title=Hayes Named Lady Riders Coach|via=Front Row Soccer|date=November 2001|access-date=15 February 2024|archive-date=15 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215034510/https://www.frontrowsoccer.com/2023/11/17/a-blast-from-the-past-when-emma-hayes-was-hired-by-the-lady-riders/|url-status=live}}</ref> buh an ankle injury while on a ski trip wen na she dey 17 ultimately end ein playing career. With football ruled out, Hayes study European studies, Spanish, den sociology at Liverpool Hope University College wey later she read for a master's degree insyd intelligence den international affairs.{{r|wrack7}} == Career == While at Liverpool Hope, Hayes coach de women's football team from 1997 to 1999. Insyd 1999, she move back to London, helping develop youth players at Croydon den Crystal Palace. Insyd 2002, she cam be de manager of de Long Island Lady Riders on Long Island, New York, becoming de youngest coach insyd de league. Insyd de USL W-League, she lead de team to finish first insyd de Northeast Division of de Eastern Conference, wey na dem name am as de league ein coach of de season. De team win dema conference semi-final match 3–1 against de New York Magic, before losing 4–2 insyd de conference championship against de Boston Renegades. She be appointed as de head coach for de Iona Gaels women's team, of Iona College insyd New Rochelle, New York, on 22 January 2003, wer she remain til de end of de 2005 season. She return to England to become de assistant first team coach give Arsenal Ladies over 3 seasons between 2005 den 2008, during wich time de team win 11 major trophies wey dey include three Women's Premier League titles, three FA Women's Cups den de UEFA Women's Cup. At de same time, she sanso be de club ein Academy director, wey dey oversee de development of young players. Hayes join de Chicago Red Stars of Women's Professional Soccer as a manager on 15 May 2008. After dem sack am insyd 2010, she take up a technical director role at Western New York Flash wey she advise dem on transfers, helping to create a team wey win de 2011 Women's Professional Soccer championship. After anoda stint as a consultant for Washington Freedom, Hayes return to London wey she work give de family business, Covent Garden FX, a currency exchange. === Chelsea === During de mid-season [[2012 Summer Olympics]] break on 14 August 2012, Chelsea hire Hayes as manager for de remainder of de 2012 season following de resignation of Matt Beard to become manager at Liverpool. Hayes manage ein first match plus Chelsea on 18 August 2012 insyd a 1–0 win at Doncaster Rovers Belles. ==== 2015 season ==== After narrowly missing out on de 2014 FA WSL 1 title on de final day, Hayes oversee a huge squad overhaul wey bear witness to de addition of several arrivals. Swedish shot-stopper [[Hedvig Lindahl]] den promising England centre-half [[Millie Bright]] be among de new recruits. [[Marija Banušić|Marija Banusic]], [[Gemma Davison]] den [[Niamh Fahey]] sanso join Chelsea, signing from Kristianstads, Liverpool Ladies den Arsenal Ladies respectively. Later on insyd de season, Hayes won de race for Reading den England forward [[Fran Kirby]] for a British record fee. Plus de agonising memories of final-day defeat still fresh insyd memory, Hayes guide ein side to a historic league den cup double, edging de FA Cup Final thanks to a lone strike from [[Ji So-yun]] late on insyd de first half. Later on insyd de season, dem avenge demaselves by winning de FA WSL 1 title, after hammering [[Sunderland A.F.C. Ladies|Sunderland]] at home 4–0 to secure de trophy. Insyd de Women's Champions League, Hayes ein side reach de last 16 after defeating Glasgow City. After dema 2–1 home defeat by VfL Wolfsburg, Hayes criticise The Football Association for poor fixture scheduling, wey she insist say de competition be "geared to French, German den Swedish teams, den til we change dat anaa listen to clubs like Chelsea we always go be to get knocked out insyd de early rounds." ==== 2016–17 season ==== Hayes ein side fini second insyd The FA WSL 1, five points adrift of Champions Manchester City. De Blues sanso reach de FA Cup Final for de second consecutive year, losing 1–0 to a strong Arsenal side. Chelsea however win de FA WSL Spring Series, an interim edition of de FA WSL. Hayes lead de side to first place, finishing on de same points as Manchester City buh dem beat dem on goal difference. ==== 2017–18 season ==== Aided plus de addition of new players wey dey include [[Ramona Bachmann]], [[Maren Mjelde]], [[Erin Cuthbert]] den [[Crystal Dunn]], Emma Hayes guide ein side to finish top, insyd a reorganised FA WSL1, on goal difference. De team sanso play de FA Cup competitions wey dem reach de semi-final buh na dem be knocked out by Birmingham City insyd a penalty shoot-out. ==== 2019–20 den 2020–21 seasons ==== Hayes seek to rebuild de team at de conclusion of de 2017–18 season around new recruits [[Sam Kerr]], [[Pernille Harder (footballer)|Pernille Harder]], [[Melanie Leupolz]], [[Magda Eriksson]], den [[Ann Katrin Berger]], having moved on sam key first-team players. De 2019–20 deb 2020–21 season see am team win back-to-back WSL titles insyd wat be record breaking years, following a trophy-less 2018–19 campaign. Given Chelsea ein dominance insyd de 2020–21 season insyd both Europe den England, sam observers hail dem as one of de best teams ever. Hayes cam be de first woman manager to reach de Champions League final insyd 12 years. On 16 May, ein Chelsea team, sanso dey play dema first-ever Champions League final, loose 4–0 to [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona Femeni]]. Hayes win de 2020–21 FA WSL ''Manager of the Season'' award. Two months later, she sign a new long-term contract plus Chelsea. Insyd de same year, Hayes be inducted into de FA WSL Hall of Fame. Based on de 2020–21 season, on 17 January 2022, she be adjudged The Best FIFA Football Coach, beating off competition from [[Lluís Cortés]] den [[Sarina Wiegman]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The Best FIFA Football Awards 2021|url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/fifa-football-awards-2021/|archive-date=23 September 2022|access-date=23 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923105748/https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/fifa-football-awards-2021/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Emma Hayes: Chelsea Women boss says winning Best FIFA Women's Coach award evoked childhood memories |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/28508/12519305/emma-hayes-chelsea-women-boss-says-winning-best-fifa-womens-coach-award-evoked-childhood-memories |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Andrew|first=Neil|date=18 January 2022|title=Breaking: Chelsea's Emma Hayes Crowned The Best FIFA Women's Coach 2021|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/liverpool/news/breaking-chelseas-emma-hayes-crowned-the-best-fifa-womens-coach-2021|access-date=16 August 2022|magazine=Sports Illustrated|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816162152/https://www.si.com/soccer/liverpool/news/breaking-chelseas-emma-hayes-crowned-the-best-fifa-womens-coach-2021|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== 2023–24 season ==== On 4 November 2023, Chelsea officially announce Hayes go depart after de ongoing season to “pursue a new opportunity outsyd of de WSL den club football.” Reports insyd de United States indicate say Hayes dey in advanced talks to be cam de new manager of de United States women's national team. On 14 November 2023, na dem name Hayes Head Coach of de United States women's national team starting at de conclusion of de WSL season. On 21 January 2024, Hayes cam be de first woman to win de Football Writers Association Tribute Award insyd ein 42 year history. Chelsea loose to Arsenal 1–0 after extra time at de FA Women's League Cup final. After de match, na dem see Hayes shove Arsenal head coach [[Jonas Eidevall]] as dem shake hands. Hayes claim na e be secof Eidevall ein "unacceptable male aggression" on de touchline after an altercation plus Erin Cuthbert during de match. Chelsea go on to crash out of de Women's FA Cup den UEFA Women's Champions League insyd de semi-final stages buh dem ultimately win a fifth WSL title insyd a row to send Hayes out on a high. === United States === Insyd November 2023, na dem name Hayes head coach of de United States women's national team (USWNT) starting at de conclusion of de WSL season. She begin ein tenure insyd May 2024 plus only two months to prepare for [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|de Olympics]]. On 1 June, insyd de team ein debut under Hayes den de first of four friendlies before de Olympics, de United States win 4–0 against South Korea. Despite de short time she get plus de team, she take dem thru an undefeated Olympics run, winning de gold medal game 1–0 against Brazil on 10 August. De team go 6–0 wey dem score ein opponents 12–2 at de tournament. On 28 October, she be awarded de inaugural Women's Johan Cruyff Trophy as de best coach insyd de women's game. Before de next major tournament cycle, Hayes introduce de "WNT Way", a plan to develop de women's game insyd de United States thru a unique "female lens". Hayes see ein first loss plus de USWNT on 26 February 2025, dropping 2–1 to Japan at de 2025 SheBelieves Cup. She broaden de USWNT player pool during ein tenure, giving 17 players dema USWNT debuts insyd ein first 20 games, de most by a new manager since de early days of de program. == Personal life == Insyd 2018, na Hayes be pregnant plus twins, buh she loose one of dem 28 weeks insyd.{{r|wrack7}} She give birth to de surviving twin on 17 May 2018. Hayes dey credit [[Vic Akers]], former [[Arsenal W.F.C.]] manager under whom na she be part of de backroom staff wen dem win an unprecedented quadruple insyd de 2006–07 season, for being a "massive" influence on ein career. Speaking of ein experience coaching insyd de United States she say though dem born am insyd England, she be "definitely made insyd America." Insyd 2023, Hayes co-wrep a book, ''Kill The Unicorn'', wich dey discuss high-performance management den dey argue say de perception of a single great leader be a myth. Chelsea forward [[Fran Kirby]], wey suffer from severe depression after de loss of ein mommie early insyd ein life den from a career-threatening illness insyd ein late 20s, particularly be close to Hayes. Speaking of Hayes ein positive influence insyd ein life she say, "''Emma's been incredible. She's been my rock; the person who made sure I was protected from everything.''" Former Chelsea den England player, [[Karen Carney]], sanso praise Hayes for being der wen she feel de most vulnerable den isolated.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Garry |first=Tom |date=13 May 2022 |title=Karen Carney exclusive: 'I was in a dark and scary place, the abuse traumatised me' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2022/05/13/karen-carney-exclusive-dark-scary-place-abuse-traumatised/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903001908/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2022/05/13/karen-carney-exclusive-dark-scary-place-abuse-traumatised/ |archive-date=3 September 2022 |work=The Telegraph}}</ref> Hayes be appointed Member of de Order of the British Empire (MBE) insyd de 2016 Birthday Honours,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=61608|supp=y|page=B19|date=11 June 2016}}</ref> wey na dem appoint am Officer of de Order of the British Empire (OBE) insyd de 2022 New Year Honours, both for services to association football.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=63571|supp=y|page=N12|date=1 January 2022}}</ref> She be a Tottenham Hotspur fan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-23 |title=Exclusive with USWNT coach Emma Hayes: 'I'm ready for the adventure of a lifetime' |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/40196425/emma-hayes-uswnt-usa-chelsea-women-coach-world-cup-olympics |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> 9nfj0tyea8tarnttars1n7igswhxcgd 110218 110209 2026-08-18T23:50:42Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 110218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Emma Carol Hayes''' (born 18 October 1976) be an English professional football manager wey be de head coach of de United States women's national team. She previously be manager of Chelsea Women from 2012 to 2024, winning seven Women's Super League titles, wey dey include five consecutively from 2020 to 2024. Insyd 2024, she lead de United States to a gold medal at de [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|Paris Olympics]]. She be awarded de inaugural Women's Johan Cruyff Trophy dat year as de best coach insyd de women's game. == Early life == Hayes be born insyd Camden, London, wey she attend Parliament Hill School.<ref name=":2">{{cite news|last=Barnett|first=Steve|title=Top boss: Hayes scoops third trophy to round off campaign|url=http://islingtontribune.com/article/top-boss-hayes-scoops-third-trophy-of-season?sp=1&sq=Emma%2520hayes|publisher=Islington Tribune|date=27 May 2021|archive-date=14 November 2021|access-date=14 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114162705/http://islingtontribune.com/article/top-boss-hayes-scoops-third-trophy-of-season?sp=1&sq=Emma%2520hayes|url-status=live}}</ref> She play give Arsenal's academy as a midfielder from 1988 to 1996,<ref name="frontrowsoccer">{{cite news|last=Lewis|first=Michael|url=https://www.frontrowsoccer.com/2023/11/17/a-blast-from-the-past-when-emma-hayes-was-hired-by-the-lady-riders/|title=Hayes Named Lady Riders Coach|via=Front Row Soccer|date=November 2001|access-date=15 February 2024|archive-date=15 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215034510/https://www.frontrowsoccer.com/2023/11/17/a-blast-from-the-past-when-emma-hayes-was-hired-by-the-lady-riders/|url-status=live}}</ref> buh an ankle injury while on a ski trip wen na she dey 17 ultimately end ein playing career. With football ruled out, Hayes study European studies, Spanish, den sociology at Liverpool Hope University College wey later she read for a master's degree insyd intelligence den international affairs.{{r|wrack7}} == Career == While at Liverpool Hope, Hayes coach de women's football team from 1997 to 1999. Insyd 1999, she move back to London, helping develop youth players at Croydon den Crystal Palace. Insyd 2002, she cam be de manager of de Long Island Lady Riders on Long Island, New York, becoming de youngest coach insyd de league. Insyd de USL W-League, she lead de team to finish first insyd de Northeast Division of de Eastern Conference, wey na dem name am as de league ein coach of de season. De team win dema conference semi-final match 3–1 against de New York Magic, before losing 4–2 insyd de conference championship against de Boston Renegades. She be appointed as de head coach for de Iona Gaels women's team, of Iona College insyd New Rochelle, New York, on 22 January 2003, wer she remain til de end of de 2005 season. She return to England to become de assistant first team coach give Arsenal Ladies over 3 seasons between 2005 den 2008, during wich time de team win 11 major trophies wey dey include three Women's Premier League titles, three FA Women's Cups den de UEFA Women's Cup. At de same time, she sanso be de club ein Academy director, wey dey oversee de development of young players. Hayes join de Chicago Red Stars of Women's Professional Soccer as a manager on 15 May 2008. After dem sack am insyd 2010, she take up a technical director role at Western New York Flash wey she advise dem on transfers, helping to create a team wey win de 2011 Women's Professional Soccer championship. After anoda stint as a consultant for Washington Freedom, Hayes return to London wey she work give de family business, Covent Garden FX, a currency exchange. === Chelsea === During de mid-season [[2012 Summer Olympics]] break on 14 August 2012, Chelsea hire Hayes as manager for de remainder of de 2012 season following de resignation of Matt Beard to become manager at Liverpool. Hayes manage ein first match plus Chelsea on 18 August 2012 insyd a 1–0 win at Doncaster Rovers Belles. ==== 2015 season ==== After narrowly missing out on de 2014 FA WSL 1 title on de final day, Hayes oversee a huge squad overhaul wey bear witness to de addition of several arrivals. Swedish shot-stopper [[Hedvig Lindahl]] den promising England centre-half [[Millie Bright]] be among de new recruits. [[Marija Banušić|Marija Banusic]], [[Gemma Davison]] den [[Niamh Fahey]] sanso join Chelsea, signing from Kristianstads, Liverpool Ladies den Arsenal Ladies respectively. Later on insyd de season, Hayes won de race for Reading den England forward [[Fran Kirby]] for a British record fee. Plus de agonising memories of final-day defeat still fresh insyd memory, Hayes guide ein side to a historic league den cup double, edging de FA Cup Final thanks to a lone strike from [[Ji So-yun]] late on insyd de first half. Later on insyd de season, dem avenge demaselves by winning de FA WSL 1 title, after hammering [[Sunderland A.F.C. Ladies|Sunderland]] at home 4–0 to secure de trophy. Insyd de Women's Champions League, Hayes ein side reach de last 16 after defeating Glasgow City. After dema 2–1 home defeat by VfL Wolfsburg, Hayes criticise The Football Association for poor fixture scheduling, wey she insist say de competition be "geared to French, German den Swedish teams, den til we change dat anaa listen to clubs like Chelsea we always go be to get knocked out insyd de early rounds." ==== 2016–17 season ==== Hayes ein side fini second insyd The FA WSL 1, five points adrift of Champions Manchester City. De Blues sanso reach de FA Cup Final for de second consecutive year, losing 1–0 to a strong Arsenal side. Chelsea however win de FA WSL Spring Series, an interim edition of de FA WSL. Hayes lead de side to first place, finishing on de same points as Manchester City buh dem beat dem on goal difference. ==== 2017–18 season ==== Aided plus de addition of new players wey dey include [[Ramona Bachmann]], [[Maren Mjelde]], [[Erin Cuthbert]] den [[Crystal Dunn]], Emma Hayes guide ein side to finish top, insyd a reorganised FA WSL1, on goal difference. De team sanso play de FA Cup competitions wey dem reach de semi-final buh na dem be knocked out by Birmingham City insyd a penalty shoot-out. ==== 2019–20 den 2020–21 seasons ==== Hayes seek to rebuild de team at de conclusion of de 2017–18 season around new recruits [[Sam Kerr]], [[Pernille Harder (footballer)|Pernille Harder]], [[Melanie Leupolz]], [[Magda Eriksson]], den [[Ann Katrin Berger]], having moved on sam key first-team players. De 2019–20 deb 2020–21 season see am team win back-to-back WSL titles insyd wat be record breaking years, following a trophy-less 2018–19 campaign. Given Chelsea ein dominance insyd de 2020–21 season insyd both Europe den England, sam observers hail dem as one of de best teams ever. Hayes cam be de first woman manager to reach de Champions League final insyd 12 years. On 16 May, ein Chelsea team, sanso dey play dema first-ever Champions League final, loose 4–0 to [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona Femeni]]. Hayes win de 2020–21 FA WSL ''Manager of the Season'' award. Two months later, she sign a new long-term contract plus Chelsea. Insyd de same year, Hayes be inducted into de FA WSL Hall of Fame. Based on de 2020–21 season, on 17 January 2022, she be adjudged The Best FIFA Football Coach, beating off competition from [[Lluís Cortés]] den [[Sarina Wiegman]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The Best FIFA Football Awards 2021|url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/fifa-football-awards-2021/|archive-date=23 September 2022|access-date=23 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923105748/https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/fifa-football-awards-2021/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Emma Hayes: Chelsea Women boss says winning Best FIFA Women's Coach award evoked childhood memories |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/28508/12519305/emma-hayes-chelsea-women-boss-says-winning-best-fifa-womens-coach-award-evoked-childhood-memories |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Andrew|first=Neil|date=18 January 2022|title=Breaking: Chelsea's Emma Hayes Crowned The Best FIFA Women's Coach 2021|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/liverpool/news/breaking-chelseas-emma-hayes-crowned-the-best-fifa-womens-coach-2021|access-date=16 August 2022|magazine=Sports Illustrated|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816162152/https://www.si.com/soccer/liverpool/news/breaking-chelseas-emma-hayes-crowned-the-best-fifa-womens-coach-2021|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== 2023–24 season ==== On 4 November 2023, Chelsea officially announce Hayes go depart after de ongoing season to “pursue a new opportunity outsyd of de WSL den club football.” Reports insyd de United States indicate say Hayes dey in advanced talks to be cam de new manager of de United States women's national team. On 14 November 2023, na dem name Hayes Head Coach of de United States women's national team starting at de conclusion of de WSL season. On 21 January 2024, Hayes cam be de first woman to win de Football Writers Association Tribute Award insyd ein 42 year history. Chelsea loose to Arsenal 1–0 after extra time at de FA Women's League Cup final. After de match, na dem see Hayes shove Arsenal head coach [[Jonas Eidevall]] as dem shake hands. Hayes claim na e be secof Eidevall ein "unacceptable male aggression" on de touchline after an altercation plus Erin Cuthbert during de match. Chelsea go on to crash out of de Women's FA Cup den UEFA Women's Champions League insyd de semi-final stages buh dem ultimately win a fifth WSL title insyd a row to send Hayes out on a high. === United States === Insyd November 2023, na dem name Hayes head coach of de United States women's national team (USWNT) starting at de conclusion of de WSL season. She begin ein tenure insyd May 2024 plus only two months to prepare for [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|de Olympics]]. On 1 June, insyd de team ein debut under Hayes den de first of four friendlies before de Olympics, de United States win 4–0 against South Korea. Despite de short time she get plus de team, she take dem thru an undefeated Olympics run, winning de gold medal game 1–0 against Brazil on 10 August. De team go 6–0 wey dem score ein opponents 12–2 at de tournament. On 28 October, she be awarded de inaugural Women's Johan Cruyff Trophy as de best coach insyd de women's game. Before de next major tournament cycle, Hayes introduce de "WNT Way", a plan to develop de women's game insyd de United States thru a unique "female lens". Hayes see ein first loss plus de USWNT on 26 February 2025, dropping 2–1 to Japan at de 2025 SheBelieves Cup. She broaden de USWNT player pool during ein tenure, giving 17 players dema USWNT debuts insyd ein first 20 games, de most by a new manager since de early days of de program. == Personal life == Insyd 2018, na Hayes be pregnant plus twins, buh she loose one of dem 28 weeks insyd.{{r|wrack7}} She give birth to de surviving twin on 17 May 2018. Hayes dey credit [[Vic Akers]], former [[Arsenal W.F.C.]] manager under whom na she be part of de backroom staff wen dem win an unprecedented quadruple insyd de 2006–07 season, for being a "massive" influence on ein career. Speaking of ein experience coaching insyd de United States she say though dem born am insyd England, she be "definitely made insyd America." Insyd 2023, Hayes co-wrep a book, ''Kill The Unicorn'', wich dey discuss high-performance management den dey argue say de perception of a single great leader be a myth. Chelsea forward [[Fran Kirby]], wey suffer from severe depression after de loss of ein mommie early insyd ein life den from a career-threatening illness insyd ein late 20s, particularly be close to Hayes. Speaking of Hayes ein positive influence insyd ein life she say, "''Emma's been incredible. She's been my rock; the person who made sure I was protected from everything.''" Former Chelsea den England player, [[Karen Carney]], sanso praise Hayes for being der wen she feel de most vulnerable den isolated.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Garry |first=Tom |date=13 May 2022 |title=Karen Carney exclusive: 'I was in a dark and scary place, the abuse traumatised me' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2022/05/13/karen-carney-exclusive-dark-scary-place-abuse-traumatised/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903001908/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2022/05/13/karen-carney-exclusive-dark-scary-place-abuse-traumatised/ |archive-date=3 September 2022 |work=The Telegraph}}</ref> Hayes be appointed Member of de Order of the British Empire (MBE) insyd de 2016 Birthday Honours,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=61608|supp=y|page=B19|date=11 June 2016}}</ref> wey na dem appoint am Officer of de Order of the British Empire (OBE) insyd de 2022 New Year Honours, both for services to association football.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=63571|supp=y|page=N12|date=1 January 2022}}</ref> She be a Tottenham Hotspur fan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-23 |title=Exclusive with USWNT coach Emma Hayes: 'I'm ready for the adventure of a lifetime' |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/40196425/emma-hayes-uswnt-usa-chelsea-women-coach-world-cup-olympics |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == bzzyv71qrq8wf8lgree4aemoxoa9m0i 110219 110218 2026-08-18T23:58:11Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 110219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Emma Carol Hayes''' (born 18 October 1976) be an English professional football manager wey be de head coach of de United States women's national team. She previously be manager of Chelsea Women from 2012 to 2024, winning seven Women's Super League titles, wey dey include five consecutively from 2020 to 2024. Insyd 2024, she lead de United States to a gold medal at de [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|Paris Olympics]]. She be awarded de inaugural Women's Johan Cruyff Trophy dat year as de best coach insyd de women's game. == Early life == Hayes be born insyd Camden, London, wey she attend Parliament Hill School.<ref name=":2">{{cite news|last=Barnett|first=Steve|title=Top boss: Hayes scoops third trophy to round off campaign|url=http://islingtontribune.com/article/top-boss-hayes-scoops-third-trophy-of-season?sp=1&sq=Emma%2520hayes|publisher=Islington Tribune|date=27 May 2021|archive-date=14 November 2021|access-date=14 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114162705/http://islingtontribune.com/article/top-boss-hayes-scoops-third-trophy-of-season?sp=1&sq=Emma%2520hayes|url-status=live}}</ref> She play give Arsenal's academy as a midfielder from 1988 to 1996,<ref name="frontrowsoccer">{{cite news|last=Lewis|first=Michael|url=https://www.frontrowsoccer.com/2023/11/17/a-blast-from-the-past-when-emma-hayes-was-hired-by-the-lady-riders/|title=Hayes Named Lady Riders Coach|via=Front Row Soccer|date=November 2001|access-date=15 February 2024|archive-date=15 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215034510/https://www.frontrowsoccer.com/2023/11/17/a-blast-from-the-past-when-emma-hayes-was-hired-by-the-lady-riders/|url-status=live}}</ref> buh an ankle injury while on a ski trip wen na she dey 17 ultimately end ein playing career. With football ruled out, Hayes study European studies, Spanish, den sociology at Liverpool Hope University College wey later she read for a master's degree insyd intelligence den international affairs.{{r|wrack7}} == Career == While at Liverpool Hope, Hayes coach de women's football team from 1997 to 1999. Insyd 1999, she move back to London, helping develop youth players at Croydon den Crystal Palace.<ref name="frontrowsoccer2">{{cite news|last=Lewis|first=Michael|url=https://www.frontrowsoccer.com/2023/11/17/a-blast-from-the-past-when-emma-hayes-was-hired-by-the-lady-riders/|title=Hayes Named Lady Riders Coach|via=Front Row Soccer|date=November 2001|access-date=15 February 2024|archive-date=15 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215034510/https://www.frontrowsoccer.com/2023/11/17/a-blast-from-the-past-when-emma-hayes-was-hired-by-the-lady-riders/|url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd 2002, she cam be de manager of de Long Island Lady Riders on Long Island, New York, becoming de youngest coach insyd de league. Insyd de USL W-League, she lead de team to finish first insyd de Northeast Division of de Eastern Conference,<ref name="W-League">{{cite web |last=Litterer |first=David A. |date=16 June 2011 |title=USA – United States Women's Interregional Soccer League (W-League) |url=https://www.rsssf.org/usadave/uswisl.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127112215/https://www.rsssf.org/usadave/uswisl.html |archive-date=27 November 2024 |access-date=15 November 2023 |publisher=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> wey na dem name am as de league ein coach of de season.<ref name="USWNT appointment">{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/11/emma-hayes-named-new-head-coach-of-us-womens-national-team|title=Hayes named new head coach of USWNT|website=ussoccer.com|date=14 November 2023|access-date=14 November 2023|archive-date=8 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208222344/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/11/emma-hayes-named-new-head-coach-of-us-womens-national-team|url-status=live}}</ref> De team win dema conference semi-final match 3–1 against de New York Magic, before losing 4–2 insyd de conference championship against de Boston Renegades.<ref name=":3">{{cite news|last=Biglin|first=Mike|location=Framingham, Massachusetts|url=https://www.milforddailynews.com/story/sports/2002/08/05/gades-to-four/41300855007/|title=Gades to the four|work=Milford Daily News|date=5 August 2002|access-date=15 February 2024|archive-date=15 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215034510/https://www.milforddailynews.com/story/sports/2002/08/05/gades-to-four/41300855007/|url-status=live}}</ref> She be appointed as de head coach for de Iona Gaels women's team, of Iona College insyd New Rochelle, New York, on 22 January 2003,<ref name="Iona">{{cite web |date=22 January 2003 |title=Iona names men's and women's soccer coaches |url=https://ionagaels.com/news/2003/1/22/816932.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115091728/https://ionagaels.com/news/2003/1/22/816932.aspx |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |publisher=[[Iona Gaels]]}}</ref> wer she remain til de end of de 2005 season. She return to England to become de assistant first team coach give Arsenal Ladies over 3 seasons between 2005 den 2008, during wich time de team win 11 major trophies wey dey include three Women's Premier League titles, three FA Women's Cups den de UEFA Women's Cup. At de same time, she sanso be de club ein Academy director, wey dey oversee de development of young players. Hayes join de Chicago Red Stars of Women's Professional Soccer as a manager on 15 May 2008. After dem sack am insyd 2010, she take up a technical director role at Western New York Flash wey she advise dem on transfers, helping to create a team wey win de 2011 Women's Professional Soccer championship. After anoda stint as a consultant for Washington Freedom, Hayes return to London wey she work give de family business, Covent Garden FX, a currency exchange. === Chelsea === During de mid-season [[2012 Summer Olympics]] break on 14 August 2012, Chelsea hire Hayes as manager for de remainder of de 2012 season following de resignation of Matt Beard to become manager at Liverpool. Hayes manage ein first match plus Chelsea on 18 August 2012 insyd a 1–0 win at Doncaster Rovers Belles. ==== 2015 season ==== After narrowly missing out on de 2014 FA WSL 1 title on de final day, Hayes oversee a huge squad overhaul wey bear witness to de addition of several arrivals. Swedish shot-stopper [[Hedvig Lindahl]] den promising England centre-half [[Millie Bright]] be among de new recruits. [[Marija Banušić|Marija Banusic]], [[Gemma Davison]] den [[Niamh Fahey]] sanso join Chelsea, signing from Kristianstads, Liverpool Ladies den Arsenal Ladies respectively. Later on insyd de season, Hayes won de race for Reading den England forward [[Fran Kirby]] for a British record fee. Plus de agonising memories of final-day defeat still fresh insyd memory, Hayes guide ein side to a historic league den cup double, edging de FA Cup Final thanks to a lone strike from [[Ji So-yun]] late on insyd de first half. Later on insyd de season, dem avenge demaselves by winning de FA WSL 1 title, after hammering [[Sunderland A.F.C. Ladies|Sunderland]] at home 4–0 to secure de trophy. Insyd de Women's Champions League, Hayes ein side reach de last 16 after defeating Glasgow City. After dema 2–1 home defeat by VfL Wolfsburg, Hayes criticise The Football Association for poor fixture scheduling, wey she insist say de competition be "geared to French, German den Swedish teams, den til we change dat anaa listen to clubs like Chelsea we always go be to get knocked out insyd de early rounds." ==== 2016–17 season ==== Hayes ein side fini second insyd The FA WSL 1, five points adrift of Champions Manchester City. De Blues sanso reach de FA Cup Final for de second consecutive year, losing 1–0 to a strong Arsenal side. Chelsea however win de FA WSL Spring Series, an interim edition of de FA WSL. Hayes lead de side to first place, finishing on de same points as Manchester City buh dem beat dem on goal difference. ==== 2017–18 season ==== Aided plus de addition of new players wey dey include [[Ramona Bachmann]], [[Maren Mjelde]], [[Erin Cuthbert]] den [[Crystal Dunn]], Emma Hayes guide ein side to finish top, insyd a reorganised FA WSL1, on goal difference. De team sanso play de FA Cup competitions wey dem reach de semi-final buh na dem be knocked out by Birmingham City insyd a penalty shoot-out. ==== 2019–20 den 2020–21 seasons ==== Hayes seek to rebuild de team at de conclusion of de 2017–18 season around new recruits [[Sam Kerr]], [[Pernille Harder (footballer)|Pernille Harder]], [[Melanie Leupolz]], [[Magda Eriksson]], den [[Ann Katrin Berger]], having moved on sam key first-team players. De 2019–20 deb 2020–21 season see am team win back-to-back WSL titles insyd wat be record breaking years, following a trophy-less 2018–19 campaign. Given Chelsea ein dominance insyd de 2020–21 season insyd both Europe den England, sam observers hail dem as one of de best teams ever. Hayes cam be de first woman manager to reach de Champions League final insyd 12 years. On 16 May, ein Chelsea team, sanso dey play dema first-ever Champions League final, loose 4–0 to [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona Femeni]]. Hayes win de 2020–21 FA WSL ''Manager of the Season'' award. Two months later, she sign a new long-term contract plus Chelsea. Insyd de same year, Hayes be inducted into de FA WSL Hall of Fame. Based on de 2020–21 season, on 17 January 2022, she be adjudged The Best FIFA Football Coach, beating off competition from [[Lluís Cortés]] den [[Sarina Wiegman]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The Best FIFA Football Awards 2021|url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/fifa-football-awards-2021/|archive-date=23 September 2022|access-date=23 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923105748/https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/fifa-football-awards-2021/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Emma Hayes: Chelsea Women boss says winning Best FIFA Women's Coach award evoked childhood memories |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/28508/12519305/emma-hayes-chelsea-women-boss-says-winning-best-fifa-womens-coach-award-evoked-childhood-memories |access-date=16 August 2022 |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Andrew|first=Neil|date=18 January 2022|title=Breaking: Chelsea's Emma Hayes Crowned The Best FIFA Women's Coach 2021|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/liverpool/news/breaking-chelseas-emma-hayes-crowned-the-best-fifa-womens-coach-2021|access-date=16 August 2022|magazine=Sports Illustrated|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816162152/https://www.si.com/soccer/liverpool/news/breaking-chelseas-emma-hayes-crowned-the-best-fifa-womens-coach-2021|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== 2023–24 season ==== On 4 November 2023, Chelsea officially announce Hayes go depart after de ongoing season to “pursue a new opportunity outsyd of de WSL den club football.” Reports insyd de United States indicate say Hayes dey in advanced talks to be cam de new manager of de United States women's national team. On 14 November 2023, na dem name Hayes Head Coach of de United States women's national team starting at de conclusion of de WSL season. On 21 January 2024, Hayes cam be de first woman to win de Football Writers Association Tribute Award insyd ein 42 year history. Chelsea loose to Arsenal 1–0 after extra time at de FA Women's League Cup final. After de match, na dem see Hayes shove Arsenal head coach [[Jonas Eidevall]] as dem shake hands. Hayes claim na e be secof Eidevall ein "unacceptable male aggression" on de touchline after an altercation plus Erin Cuthbert during de match. Chelsea go on to crash out of de Women's FA Cup den UEFA Women's Champions League insyd de semi-final stages buh dem ultimately win a fifth WSL title insyd a row to send Hayes out on a high. === United States === Insyd November 2023, na dem name Hayes head coach of de United States women's national team (USWNT) starting at de conclusion of de WSL season. She begin ein tenure insyd May 2024 plus only two months to prepare for [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|de Olympics]]. On 1 June, insyd de team ein debut under Hayes den de first of four friendlies before de Olympics, de United States win 4–0 against South Korea. Despite de short time she get plus de team, she take dem thru an undefeated Olympics run, winning de gold medal game 1–0 against Brazil on 10 August. De team go 6–0 wey dem score ein opponents 12–2 at de tournament. On 28 October, she be awarded de inaugural Women's Johan Cruyff Trophy as de best coach insyd de women's game. Before de next major tournament cycle, Hayes introduce de "WNT Way", a plan to develop de women's game insyd de United States thru a unique "female lens". Hayes see ein first loss plus de USWNT on 26 February 2025, dropping 2–1 to Japan at de 2025 SheBelieves Cup. She broaden de USWNT player pool during ein tenure, giving 17 players dema USWNT debuts insyd ein first 20 games, de most by a new manager since de early days of de program. == Personal life == Insyd 2018, na Hayes be pregnant plus twins, buh she loose one of dem 28 weeks insyd.{{r|wrack7}} She give birth to de surviving twin on 17 May 2018. Hayes dey credit [[Vic Akers]], former [[Arsenal W.F.C.]] manager under whom na she be part of de backroom staff wen dem win an unprecedented quadruple insyd de 2006–07 season, for being a "massive" influence on ein career. Speaking of ein experience coaching insyd de United States she say though dem born am insyd England, she be "definitely made insyd America." Insyd 2023, Hayes co-wrep a book, ''Kill The Unicorn'', wich dey discuss high-performance management den dey argue say de perception of a single great leader be a myth. Chelsea forward [[Fran Kirby]], wey suffer from severe depression after de loss of ein mommie early insyd ein life den from a career-threatening illness insyd ein late 20s, particularly be close to Hayes. Speaking of Hayes ein positive influence insyd ein life she say, "''Emma's been incredible. She's been my rock; the person who made sure I was protected from everything.''" Former Chelsea den England player, [[Karen Carney]], sanso praise Hayes for being der wen she feel de most vulnerable den isolated.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Garry |first=Tom |date=13 May 2022 |title=Karen Carney exclusive: 'I was in a dark and scary place, the abuse traumatised me' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2022/05/13/karen-carney-exclusive-dark-scary-place-abuse-traumatised/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903001908/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2022/05/13/karen-carney-exclusive-dark-scary-place-abuse-traumatised/ |archive-date=3 September 2022 |work=The Telegraph}}</ref> Hayes be appointed Member of de Order of the British Empire (MBE) insyd de 2016 Birthday Honours,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=61608|supp=y|page=B19|date=11 June 2016}}</ref> wey na dem appoint am Officer of de Order of the British Empire (OBE) insyd de 2022 New Year Honours, both for services to association football.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=63571|supp=y|page=N12|date=1 January 2022}}</ref> She be a Tottenham Hotspur fan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-23 |title=Exclusive with USWNT coach Emma Hayes: 'I'm ready for the adventure of a lifetime' |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/40196425/emma-hayes-uswnt-usa-chelsea-women-coach-world-cup-olympics |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == 1oj4q4535my78q7q5y63vl2tkl63s53 Jordan Silkowitz 0 29719 110113 2026-08-18T13:04:15Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356179952|Jordan Silkowitz]]" 110113 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jordan Michele Silkowitz''' (born March 27, 2000) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a goalkeeper give Bay FC of de National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). She play college soccer give de Ohio State Buckeyes den de Iowa State Cyclones wey she be drafted by de Kansas City Current insyd de second round of de 2023 NWSL Draft. cigi0cpzj0h5ptcchwb3kewg0twyufl 110117 110113 2026-08-18T13:23:12Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the section "Early life" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356179952|Jordan Silkowitz]]" 110117 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jordan Michele Silkowitz''' (born March 27, 2000) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a goalkeeper give Bay FC of de National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). She play college soccer give de Ohio State Buckeyes den de Iowa State Cyclones wey she be drafted by de Kansas City Current insyd de second round of de 2023 NWSL Draft. == Early life == Silkowitz be raised insyd Fairfax, Virginia, one of two kiddies born to Robert Silkowitz den Joni Henderson. She attend Woodson High School, wer she letter insyd soccer all four years wey na dem name am second-team all-state insyd 2017. She play ECNL club soccer give McLean Youth Soccer.<ref name="ISU">{{cite web |title=Jordan Silkowitz – Soccer |url=https://cyclones.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/jordan-silkowitz/11851 |access-date=2024-07-08 |publisher=[[Iowa State Cyclones]]}}</ref> She commit to play college soccer give Ohio State during ein senior year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/2018-womens-big-ten-commitments_aid43781|title=2018 Women's Big Ten Commitments|date=2018-02-06|last=Clark|first=Travis|website=[[TopDrawerSoccer]]|access-date=2025-05-04|archive-date=May 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250505010844/https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/2018-womens-big-ten-commitments_aid43781|url-status=live}}</ref> efb1wc0nc7uzjl3jxy27kn19sopcqpi 110217 110117 2026-08-18T23:40:27Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the section "College career" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356179952|Jordan Silkowitz]]" 110217 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jordan Michele Silkowitz''' (born March 27, 2000) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a goalkeeper give Bay FC of de National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). She play college soccer give de Ohio State Buckeyes den de Iowa State Cyclones wey she be drafted by de Kansas City Current insyd de second round of de 2023 NWSL Draft. == Early life == Silkowitz be raised insyd Fairfax, Virginia, one of two kiddies born to Robert Silkowitz den Joni Henderson. She attend Woodson High School, wer she letter insyd soccer all four years wey na dem name am second-team all-state insyd 2017. She play ECNL club soccer give McLean Youth Soccer.<ref name="ISU">{{cite web |title=Jordan Silkowitz – Soccer |url=https://cyclones.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/jordan-silkowitz/11851 |access-date=2024-07-08 |publisher=[[Iowa State Cyclones]]}}</ref> She commit to play college soccer give Ohio State during ein senior year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/2018-womens-big-ten-commitments_aid43781|title=2018 Women's Big Ten Commitments|date=2018-02-06|last=Clark|first=Travis|website=[[TopDrawerSoccer]]|access-date=2025-05-04|archive-date=May 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250505010844/https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/2018-womens-big-ten-commitments_aid43781|url-status=live}}</ref> == College career == Silkowitz redshirt ein freshman season plus de Ohio State Buckeyes as a backup to Big Ten Goalkeeper of de Year [[Devon Kerr]] insyd 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thelantern.com/2019/09/womens-soccer-two-goalies-look-to-replace-big-ten-goalkeeper-of-the-year-devon-kerr/|title=Women's Soccer: Two Goalies Look to Replace Big Ten Goalkeeper of the Year Devon Kerr|date=2019-09-23|last=Benge|first=Jacob|newspaper=[[The Lantern]]|access-date=2024-07-08|archive-date=July 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708183427/https://www.thelantern.com/2019/09/womens-soccer-two-goalies-look-to-replace-big-ten-goalkeeper-of-the-year-devon-kerr/|url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd 2019, she make 4 starts wey she play insyd all 18 games plus 8 scoreless outings, earning Big Ten all-freshman honors.<ref name="ISU">{{cite web |title=Jordan Silkowitz – Soccer |url=https://cyclones.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/jordan-silkowitz/11851 |access-date=2024-07-08 |publisher=[[Iowa State Cyclones]]}}</ref><ref name="I20">{{cite news|url=https://iowastatedaily.com/241066/sports/jordan-silkowitz-signs-with-iowa-state-soccer/|title=Jordan Silkowitz signs with Iowa State soccer|newspaper=[[Iowa State Daily]]|date=2020-02-14|last=McDaniel|first=Stephen|access-date=2024-07-08|archive-date=July 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708184520/https://iowastatedaily.com/241066/sports/jordan-silkowitz-signs-with-iowa-state-soccer/|url-status=live}}</ref> She then transfer to de Iowa State Cyclones insyd 2020, starting all 13 games. She start 14 games wey she keep 4 clean sheets insyd 2021, wey dey include a shutout against top seed TCU insyd de Big 12 tournament before losing on penalties.<ref name="ISU" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://iowastatedaily.com/245867/sports/cyclones-knocked-out-of-big-12-championship-on-penalty-kicks/|title=Cyclones knocked out of Big 12 championship on penalty kicks|last=Flores|first=Nick|date=2021-10-31|newspaper=[[Iowa State Daily]]|access-date=2024-07-08|archive-date=July 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708184531/https://iowastatedaily.com/245867/sports/cyclones-knocked-out-of-big-12-championship-on-penalty-kicks/|url-status=live}}</ref> She start all 17 games wey she lead de Big 12 Conference plus 100 saves while keeping 3 shutouts insyd 2022.<ref name="ISU" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://cyclones.com/news/2023/1/12/soccer-silkowitz-makes-history-drafted-by-kansas-city-current.aspx|title=Silkowitz Makes History; Drafted by Kansas City Current|date=2023-01-12|publisher=[[Iowa State Cyclones]]|access-date=2024-07-08|archive-date=July 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708185218/https://cyclones.com/news/2023/1/12/soccer-silkowitz-makes-history-drafted-by-kansas-city-current.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> i2djvjp3qp57l06ehgmoqmuz8czbvpm Emily Sams 0 29720 110114 2026-08-18T13:13:23Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353407353|Emily Sams]]" 110114 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emily May Sams''' (; born July 1, 1999) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a defender give Angel City FC of de National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) den de United States national team. Mainly a center back, she sanso fi play right back. Sams play college soccer give de Florida State Seminoles, winning de 2021 national championship den dey earn first-team All-American honors. After playing half a season insyd Sweden, she be drafted third overall by de Orlando Pride insyd de 2023 NWSL Draft. Insyd 2024, she be named de NWSL Defender of de Year wey she help lead de Pride to de NWSL Shield den NWSL Championship. Sams train plus de youth national team from de under-19 to under-23 levels. She be included insyd de squad wey win gold at de [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2024 Paris Olympics]] before making ein senior debut later dat year. 4l4uq2shj0z5lb05z9xzm4sdhldoq4s 110118 110114 2026-08-18T13:39:27Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the section "Early life" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353407353|Emily Sams]]" 110118 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emily May Sams''' (; born July 1, 1999) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a defender give Angel City FC of de National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) den de United States national team. Mainly a center back, she sanso fi play right back. Sams play college soccer give de Florida State Seminoles, winning de 2021 national championship den dey earn first-team All-American honors. After playing half a season insyd Sweden, she be drafted third overall by de Orlando Pride insyd de 2023 NWSL Draft. Insyd 2024, she be named de NWSL Defender of de Year wey she help lead de Pride to de NWSL Shield den NWSL Championship. Sams train plus de youth national team from de under-19 to under-23 levels. She be included insyd de squad wey win gold at de [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2024 Paris Olympics]] before making ein senior debut later dat year. == Early life == Na dem born Sams insyd Boise, Idaho insyd 1999. Ein family move go Navarre, Florida insyd de summer of 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=Player of the Year Emily Madril helped Navarre girls reach new heights |url=https://www.nwfdailynews.com/story/sports/high-school/soccer/2015/05/04/1-473186/33916483007/ |website=The Northwest Florida Daily News}}</ref> She attend Navarre High School wer she tally 107 goals den 70 assists give de soccer team wey na dem honor am plus several individual awards wey dey include 2016 Florida Miss Soccer den twice Player of de Year by de Pensacola News Journal.<ref>{{cite web |date=March 27, 2016 |title=After winning Florida's Miss Soccer, Madril takes PNJ POY |url=https://usatodayhss.com/2016/after-winning-floridas-miss-soccer-madril-takes-pnj-poy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404033043/https://usatodayhss.com/2016/after-winning-floridas-miss-soccer-madril-takes-pnj-poy |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |access-date=January 18, 2023 |website=USA TODAY High School Sports}}</ref> She sanso play youth club soccer give Gulf Coast Texans.<ref>{{cite web |last1=WALLACE |first1=ERIC J. |title=Local travel soccer team heads to Florida final four |url=https://www.pnj.com/story/sports/high-school/soccer/2016/05/19/soccer-final-four/84624646/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404033043/https://www.pnj.com/story/sports/high-school/soccer/2016/05/19/soccer-final-four/84624646/ |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |access-date=January 18, 2023 |website=Pensacola News Journal}}</ref> === Florida State Seminoles === Sams play three seasons of college soccer give de Seminoles at Florida State University between 2017 den 2021; she make a total of 62 appearances, wey she start 61, scoring six goals den registering seven assists.<ref name="fsu">{{Cite web |date=August 3, 2017 |title=Emily Madril |url=https://seminoles.com/sports/saac/roster/emily-madril/ |website=Florida State Seminoles}}</ref> As a freshman she play insyd all 21 FSU games on de season, wey dey include 20 starts. On ein collegiate debut she make two assists give [[Deyna Castellanos]] insyd a 3–0 win over de UNC Greensboro Spartans.<ref>{{cite web |date=August 18, 2017 |title=Deyna Castellanos' Hat Trick Carries Noles Over UNCG |url=https://seminoles.com/deyna-castellanos-hat-trick-carries-noles-over-uncg/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102073101/https://seminoles.com/deyna-castellanos-hat-trick-carries-noles-over-uncg/ |archive-date=November 2, 2019 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Florida State Seminoles}}</ref> She score ein first collegiate goal on October 5 insyd a 3–0 win over de Boston College Eagles.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 5, 2017 |title=Cassie Miller Ties FSU Shutout Record Versus BC |url=https://seminoles.com/cassie-miller-ties-fsu-shutout-record-versus-bc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123205722/https://seminoles.com/cassie-miller-ties-fsu-shutout-record-versus-bc/ |archive-date=January 23, 2023 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Florida State Seminoles}}</ref> She redshirt give de 2018 season secof an ACL injury before she be forced to sit out insyd 2019 plus a second ACL tear.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tallahassee Democrat |url=https://www.tallahassee.com/story/sports/college/fsu/2021/09/30/florida-state-seminoles-fsu-soccer-emily-madril-mark-krikorian-acc-defender-of-the-week/5882212001/ |website=www.tallahassee.com}}</ref> She return insyd 2020 to start insyd all 16 games during de [[COVID-19]] pandemic shortened season as FSU claim both de ACC regular season den tournament titles.<ref>{{cite web |last=Yarmus |first=Gannon |title=Madril shines in final season of FSU career |url=https://eu.fsunews.com/story/sports/2021/10/17/madril-making-most-her-senior-season/8496094002/ |website=FSView}}</ref> Individually she be named College Cup All-Tournament Team, All-ACC Second Team, United Soccer Coaches Second Team All-American.<ref name="fsu" /> Insyd 2021, she start all 25 games wey she play a team-high 2,306 minutes insyd ein redshirt senior year, anchoring a back line wey allow 13 goals den keep 14 shutouts.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bernadeau |first=Patrick |title=Women's Soccer: Navarre grad Emily Madril explains elation of winning national title with FSU |url=https://www.pnj.com/story/sports/college/florida-state/2021/12/12/soccer-navarre-grad-emily-madril-rejoices-fsus-national-title/6467766001/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002220326/https://www.pnj.com/story/sports/college/florida-state/2021/12/12/soccer-navarre-grad-emily-madril-rejoices-fsus-national-title/6467766001/ |archive-date=October 2, 2022 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Pensacola News Journal}}</ref> De team fini second insyd de regular season standings behind de Virginia Cavaliers buh dem defend dema dema 2021 ACC women's soccer tournament title plus a 1–0 victory over de Cavaliers before going on to win de 2021 National Championship title, beating de BYU Cougars on penalty kicks insyd de final.<ref>{{cite web |date=December 7, 2021 |title=FSU tops BYU in PKs to win another national title |url=https://www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/32809371/florida-state-seminoles-outlast-byu-cougars-win-women-soccer-national-championship |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> She earn College Cup All-Tournament Team, All-ACC First Team, ACC All-Tournament Team den United Soccer Coaches First Team All-American honors as well she be named ACC Defensive Player of de Year.<ref name="fsu">{{Cite web |date=August 3, 2017 |title=Emily Madril |url=https://seminoles.com/sports/saac/roster/emily-madril/ |website=Florida State Seminoles}}</ref> Having redshirt insyd 2018 wey she accrue an additional year of eligibility following de COVID-19 impacted season, she be permitted to play one more season of college soccer buh na she announce she go forgo am den turn professional insyd August 2022 after she feel disrespected by de FSU administration following de head coach search.<ref>{{cite web |last=Brennan |first=Clare |date=August 7, 2022 |title=Emily Madril: FSU soccer players 'not respected' during coach search |url=https://justwomenssports.com/emily-madril-florida-state-soccer-coach-search/ |website=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> 8twq4dwaf95yekojw25bjhi8iztp3hg 110215 110118 2026-08-18T23:32:31Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the section "Club career" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353407353|Emily Sams]]" 110215 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emily May Sams''' (; born July 1, 1999) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a defender give Angel City FC of de National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) den de United States national team. Mainly a center back, she sanso fi play right back. Sams play college soccer give de Florida State Seminoles, winning de 2021 national championship den dey earn first-team All-American honors. After playing half a season insyd Sweden, she be drafted third overall by de Orlando Pride insyd de 2023 NWSL Draft. Insyd 2024, she be named de NWSL Defender of de Year wey she help lead de Pride to de NWSL Shield den NWSL Championship. Sams train plus de youth national team from de under-19 to under-23 levels. She be included insyd de squad wey win gold at de [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2024 Paris Olympics]] before making ein senior debut later dat year. == Early life == Na dem born Sams insyd Boise, Idaho insyd 1999. Ein family move go Navarre, Florida insyd de summer of 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=Player of the Year Emily Madril helped Navarre girls reach new heights |url=https://www.nwfdailynews.com/story/sports/high-school/soccer/2015/05/04/1-473186/33916483007/ |website=The Northwest Florida Daily News}}</ref> She attend Navarre High School wer she tally 107 goals den 70 assists give de soccer team wey na dem honor am plus several individual awards wey dey include 2016 Florida Miss Soccer den twice Player of de Year by de Pensacola News Journal.<ref>{{cite web |date=March 27, 2016 |title=After winning Florida's Miss Soccer, Madril takes PNJ POY |url=https://usatodayhss.com/2016/after-winning-floridas-miss-soccer-madril-takes-pnj-poy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404033043/https://usatodayhss.com/2016/after-winning-floridas-miss-soccer-madril-takes-pnj-poy |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |access-date=January 18, 2023 |website=USA TODAY High School Sports}}</ref> She sanso play youth club soccer give Gulf Coast Texans.<ref>{{cite web |last1=WALLACE |first1=ERIC J. |title=Local travel soccer team heads to Florida final four |url=https://www.pnj.com/story/sports/high-school/soccer/2016/05/19/soccer-final-four/84624646/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404033043/https://www.pnj.com/story/sports/high-school/soccer/2016/05/19/soccer-final-four/84624646/ |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |access-date=January 18, 2023 |website=Pensacola News Journal}}</ref> === Florida State Seminoles === Sams play three seasons of college soccer give de Seminoles at Florida State University between 2017 den 2021; she make a total of 62 appearances, wey she start 61, scoring six goals den registering seven assists.<ref name="fsu">{{Cite web |date=August 3, 2017 |title=Emily Madril |url=https://seminoles.com/sports/saac/roster/emily-madril/ |website=Florida State Seminoles}}</ref> As a freshman she play insyd all 21 FSU games on de season, wey dey include 20 starts. On ein collegiate debut she make two assists give [[Deyna Castellanos]] insyd a 3–0 win over de UNC Greensboro Spartans.<ref>{{cite web |date=August 18, 2017 |title=Deyna Castellanos' Hat Trick Carries Noles Over UNCG |url=https://seminoles.com/deyna-castellanos-hat-trick-carries-noles-over-uncg/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102073101/https://seminoles.com/deyna-castellanos-hat-trick-carries-noles-over-uncg/ |archive-date=November 2, 2019 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Florida State Seminoles}}</ref> She score ein first collegiate goal on October 5 insyd a 3–0 win over de Boston College Eagles.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 5, 2017 |title=Cassie Miller Ties FSU Shutout Record Versus BC |url=https://seminoles.com/cassie-miller-ties-fsu-shutout-record-versus-bc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123205722/https://seminoles.com/cassie-miller-ties-fsu-shutout-record-versus-bc/ |archive-date=January 23, 2023 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Florida State Seminoles}}</ref> She redshirt give de 2018 season secof an ACL injury before she be forced to sit out insyd 2019 plus a second ACL tear.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tallahassee Democrat |url=https://www.tallahassee.com/story/sports/college/fsu/2021/09/30/florida-state-seminoles-fsu-soccer-emily-madril-mark-krikorian-acc-defender-of-the-week/5882212001/ |website=www.tallahassee.com}}</ref> She return insyd 2020 to start insyd all 16 games during de [[COVID-19]] pandemic shortened season as FSU claim both de ACC regular season den tournament titles.<ref>{{cite web |last=Yarmus |first=Gannon |title=Madril shines in final season of FSU career |url=https://eu.fsunews.com/story/sports/2021/10/17/madril-making-most-her-senior-season/8496094002/ |website=FSView}}</ref> Individually she be named College Cup All-Tournament Team, All-ACC Second Team, United Soccer Coaches Second Team All-American.<ref name="fsu" /> Insyd 2021, she start all 25 games wey she play a team-high 2,306 minutes insyd ein redshirt senior year, anchoring a back line wey allow 13 goals den keep 14 shutouts.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bernadeau |first=Patrick |title=Women's Soccer: Navarre grad Emily Madril explains elation of winning national title with FSU |url=https://www.pnj.com/story/sports/college/florida-state/2021/12/12/soccer-navarre-grad-emily-madril-rejoices-fsus-national-title/6467766001/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002220326/https://www.pnj.com/story/sports/college/florida-state/2021/12/12/soccer-navarre-grad-emily-madril-rejoices-fsus-national-title/6467766001/ |archive-date=October 2, 2022 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Pensacola News Journal}}</ref> De team fini second insyd de regular season standings behind de Virginia Cavaliers buh dem defend dema dema 2021 ACC women's soccer tournament title plus a 1–0 victory over de Cavaliers before going on to win de 2021 National Championship title, beating de BYU Cougars on penalty kicks insyd de final.<ref>{{cite web |date=December 7, 2021 |title=FSU tops BYU in PKs to win another national title |url=https://www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/32809371/florida-state-seminoles-outlast-byu-cougars-win-women-soccer-national-championship |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> She earn College Cup All-Tournament Team, All-ACC First Team, ACC All-Tournament Team den United Soccer Coaches First Team All-American honors as well she be named ACC Defensive Player of de Year.<ref name="fsu">{{Cite web |date=August 3, 2017 |title=Emily Madril |url=https://seminoles.com/sports/saac/roster/emily-madril/ |website=Florida State Seminoles}}</ref> Having redshirt insyd 2018 wey she accrue an additional year of eligibility following de COVID-19 impacted season, she be permitted to play one more season of college soccer buh na she announce she go forgo am den turn professional insyd August 2022 after she feel disrespected by de FSU administration following de head coach search.<ref>{{cite web |last=Brennan |first=Clare |date=August 7, 2022 |title=Emily Madril: FSU soccer players 'not respected' during coach search |url=https://justwomenssports.com/emily-madril-florida-state-soccer-coach-search/ |website=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> == Club career == === Racing Louisville (W League) === Sams sign give de semi-professional USL W League affiliate of Racing Louisville FC insyd May 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Racing sets inaugural USL W League roster with season nearing |url=https://www.racingloufc.com/news/2022/05/04/racing-sets-inaugural-usl-w-league-roster-with-season-nearing/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207074912/https://www.racingloufc.com/news/2022/05/04/racing-sets-inaugural-usl-w-league-roster-with-season-nearing/ |archive-date=December 7, 2022 |access-date=January 18, 2023 |website=Racing Louisville FC}}</ref> She make nine appearances wey she score four goals during de 2022 season wey na dem name am to de Best XI second team.<ref name="wleague22">{{cite web |date=August 3, 2022 |title=USL W League announces 2022 Team of the Year |url=https://www.uslwleague.com/news_article/show/1234569 |website=www.uslwleague.com}}</ref> === BK Häcken === After electing to forgo ein final season at Florida State insyd early August 2022, partway thru de 2022 NWSL season, Sams sign a professional contract directly plus de NWSL on August 31, 2022. De move allow am to retain ein eligibility to have ein playing rights distributed insyd de 2023 NWSL Draft den play insyd de 2023 NWSL season. Insyd a statement, de league ein Chief Legal Officer state say: "''We are constantly evaluating our policies and procedures to ensure the NWSL is attracting and retaining the best players in the world."''<ref>{{cite web |date=August 30, 2022 |title=National Women's Soccer League Official Site |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-signs-emily-madril-to-professional-contract |website=www.nwslsoccer.com}}</ref> Having signed thru 2025, she be loaned out to Swedish Damallsvenskan side BK Häcken FF for de remainder of de 2022 season.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brennan |first1=Clare |date=August 31, 2022 |title=NWSL signs Emily Madril to ensure eligibility for 2023 season |url=https://justwomenssports.com/nwsl-signs-emily-madril-eligibility-2023-season/ |website=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> She make ein senior club debut on September 14, 2022, starting den playing de full 90 minutes of a 3–0 Svenska Cupen third round victory over second division Jitex BK.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 14, 2022 |title=Jitex Mölndal BK - BK Häcken FF - Matchfakta - Svensk fotboll |url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/jitex-molndal-bk-bk-hacken-ff-svenska-cupen-damer/5371872/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023141109/https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/jitex-molndal-bk-bk-hacken-ff-svenska-cupen-damer/5371872/ |archive-date=October 23, 2022 |access-date=January 18, 2023 |website=www.svenskfotboll.se |language=sv}}</ref> She make a further four appearances, all insyd de league, scoring one goal insyd a 7–1 win over AIK.<ref>{{cite web |year=2022 |title=Emily Madril - Spelarstatistik - Svensk fotboll |url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/spelarfakta/emily-madril/a927e341-482d-4509-9c92-13b5ecfb4cbc/ |website=www.svenskfotboll.se |language=sv}}</ref> Despite she be named as a substitute for both second qualifying round legs against Paris Saint-Germain, na she no appear insyd de UEFA Women's Champions League. === Orlando Pride === [[File:Emily_Sams_2024-01_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Sams plus de Orlando Pride insyd 2024]] On January 12, 2023, Sams be selected insyd de first round (third overall) of de 2023 NWSL Draft by Orlando Pride.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rollins |first=Sean |date=January 12, 2023 |title=Pride Select Florida State Defender Emily Madril at No. 3 |url=https://www.themaneland.com/2023/1/12/23552842/2023-nwsl-draft-orlando-pride-select-florida-state-defender-emily-madril-at-no-3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113010533/https://www.themaneland.com/2023/1/12/23552842/2023-nwsl-draft-orlando-pride-select-florida-state-defender-emily-madril-at-no-3 |archive-date=January 13, 2023 |access-date=January 18, 2023 |website=The Mane Land}}</ref> Sams record ein first NWSL assist, to [[Barbra Banda]], insyd a 1–0 win over Racing Louisville on May 5, 2024.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.orlandocitysc.com/pride/news/match-report-orlando-pride-takes-down-racing-louisville-fc-1-0-with-fifth-consecutive-win|title=Match Report: Orlando Pride takes down Racing Louisville FC 1-0 with fifth consecutive win|date=2024-05-05|publisher=[[Orlando Pride]]|access-date=2024-11-21|archive-date=December 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241205000715/https://www.orlandocitysc.com/pride/news/match-report-orlando-pride-takes-down-racing-louisville-fc-1-0-with-fifth-consecutive-win|url-status=live}}</ref> She score ein first NWSL goal on May 19, opening a 3–2 win against de Seattle Reign.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://themaneland.com/2024/05/19/orlando-pride-vs-seattle-reign-fc-final-score-3-2-as-pride-rebound-in-second-half-for-seventh-straight-win/|title=Orlando Pride vs. Seattle Reign FC: Final Score 3-2 as Pride Rebound in Second Half for Seventh Straight Win|last=Rollins|first=Sean|date=2024-11-21|website=The Mane Land|access-date=2024-11-21}}</ref> Ein performance alongside center back partner [[Kylie Strom]] help Orlando set de NWSL ein record for consecutive games unbeaten den secure de NWSL Shield, de first trophy insyd Pride history.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/olympic-gold-nwsl-shield-emily-sams-future-us-soccer|title=With an Olympic Gold and an NWSL Shield, Emily Sams Is the Future of U.S. Soccer|date=2024-10-26|newspaper=[[Sports Illustrated]]|access-date=2024-11-21}}</ref> Sams be named to de NWSL Team of the Month three times, dem select am to de NWSL Best XI, den voted de NWSL Defender of de Year.<ref name="DOY24">{{cite news|url=https://www.orlandocitysc.com/pride/news/orlando-pride-defender-emily-sams-named-2024-nwsl-defender-of-the-year|title=Orlando Pride defender Emily Sams named 2024 NWSL Defender of the Year|date=2024-11-21|publisher=[[Orlando Pride]]|access-date=2024-11-21}}</ref> On February 13, 2025, she sign a contract extension plus de Pride thru 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |last=orlandocitysc |title=Orlando Pride extends defender Emily Sams through 2027 season {{!}} Orlando Pride |url=https://www.orlandocitysc.com/pride/news/orlando-pride-extends-defender-emily-sams-through-2027-season |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=orlandocitysc |language=en}}</ref> === Angel City FC === On January 9, 2026, Sams be traded to Angel City FC in exchange for $650,000 insyd intraleague transfer funds.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://angelcity.com/acfc-post/angel-city-football-club-signs-emily-sams|title=Angel City Football Club Signs Emily Sams|date=2026-01-09|publisher=[[Angel City FC]]|access-date=2026-01-09}}</ref> Sams make ein debut plus Angel City on March 15, 2026 insyd de home opener against Chicago Stars.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Angel City Opens Fifth NWSL Season With 4-0 Victory Over Chicago |url=https://angelcity.com/acfc-post/angel-city-opens-fifth-nwsl-season-with-4-0-victory-over-chicago |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=angelcity.com |language=en}}</ref> Sams record ein first assist give Angel City on April 26, 2026, setting up [[Prisca Chilufya]] ein stoppage-time goal insyd a 1–2 loss against de Portland Thorns.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thorns Earn 2–1 Win Over Angel City FC in a Wild Finish - Portland Thorns |url=https://www.thorns.com/news/thorns-earn-2-1-win-over-angel-city-fc-in-a-wild-finish |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.thorns.com}}</ref> qsg76uoy9a2isxucbhs2aujxqzg6axv 110220 110215 2026-08-19T00:04:57Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the section "International career" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353407353|Emily Sams]]" 110220 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emily May Sams''' (; born July 1, 1999) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a defender give Angel City FC of de National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) den de United States national team. Mainly a center back, she sanso fi play right back. Sams play college soccer give de Florida State Seminoles, winning de 2021 national championship den dey earn first-team All-American honors. After playing half a season insyd Sweden, she be drafted third overall by de Orlando Pride insyd de 2023 NWSL Draft. Insyd 2024, she be named de NWSL Defender of de Year wey she help lead de Pride to de NWSL Shield den NWSL Championship. Sams train plus de youth national team from de under-19 to under-23 levels. She be included insyd de squad wey win gold at de [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2024 Paris Olympics]] before making ein senior debut later dat year. == Early life == Na dem born Sams insyd Boise, Idaho insyd 1999. Ein family move go Navarre, Florida insyd de summer of 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=Player of the Year Emily Madril helped Navarre girls reach new heights |url=https://www.nwfdailynews.com/story/sports/high-school/soccer/2015/05/04/1-473186/33916483007/ |website=The Northwest Florida Daily News}}</ref> She attend Navarre High School wer she tally 107 goals den 70 assists give de soccer team wey na dem honor am plus several individual awards wey dey include 2016 Florida Miss Soccer den twice Player of de Year by de Pensacola News Journal.<ref>{{cite web |date=March 27, 2016 |title=After winning Florida's Miss Soccer, Madril takes PNJ POY |url=https://usatodayhss.com/2016/after-winning-floridas-miss-soccer-madril-takes-pnj-poy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404033043/https://usatodayhss.com/2016/after-winning-floridas-miss-soccer-madril-takes-pnj-poy |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |access-date=January 18, 2023 |website=USA TODAY High School Sports}}</ref> She sanso play youth club soccer give Gulf Coast Texans.<ref>{{cite web |last1=WALLACE |first1=ERIC J. |title=Local travel soccer team heads to Florida final four |url=https://www.pnj.com/story/sports/high-school/soccer/2016/05/19/soccer-final-four/84624646/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404033043/https://www.pnj.com/story/sports/high-school/soccer/2016/05/19/soccer-final-four/84624646/ |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |access-date=January 18, 2023 |website=Pensacola News Journal}}</ref> === Florida State Seminoles === Sams play three seasons of college soccer give de Seminoles at Florida State University between 2017 den 2021; she make a total of 62 appearances, wey she start 61, scoring six goals den registering seven assists.<ref name="fsu">{{Cite web |date=August 3, 2017 |title=Emily Madril |url=https://seminoles.com/sports/saac/roster/emily-madril/ |website=Florida State Seminoles}}</ref> As a freshman she play insyd all 21 FSU games on de season, wey dey include 20 starts. On ein collegiate debut she make two assists give [[Deyna Castellanos]] insyd a 3–0 win over de UNC Greensboro Spartans.<ref>{{cite web |date=August 18, 2017 |title=Deyna Castellanos' Hat Trick Carries Noles Over UNCG |url=https://seminoles.com/deyna-castellanos-hat-trick-carries-noles-over-uncg/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102073101/https://seminoles.com/deyna-castellanos-hat-trick-carries-noles-over-uncg/ |archive-date=November 2, 2019 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Florida State Seminoles}}</ref> She score ein first collegiate goal on October 5 insyd a 3–0 win over de Boston College Eagles.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 5, 2017 |title=Cassie Miller Ties FSU Shutout Record Versus BC |url=https://seminoles.com/cassie-miller-ties-fsu-shutout-record-versus-bc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123205722/https://seminoles.com/cassie-miller-ties-fsu-shutout-record-versus-bc/ |archive-date=January 23, 2023 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Florida State Seminoles}}</ref> She redshirt give de 2018 season secof an ACL injury before she be forced to sit out insyd 2019 plus a second ACL tear.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tallahassee Democrat |url=https://www.tallahassee.com/story/sports/college/fsu/2021/09/30/florida-state-seminoles-fsu-soccer-emily-madril-mark-krikorian-acc-defender-of-the-week/5882212001/ |website=www.tallahassee.com}}</ref> She return insyd 2020 to start insyd all 16 games during de [[COVID-19]] pandemic shortened season as FSU claim both de ACC regular season den tournament titles.<ref>{{cite web |last=Yarmus |first=Gannon |title=Madril shines in final season of FSU career |url=https://eu.fsunews.com/story/sports/2021/10/17/madril-making-most-her-senior-season/8496094002/ |website=FSView}}</ref> Individually she be named College Cup All-Tournament Team, All-ACC Second Team, United Soccer Coaches Second Team All-American.<ref name="fsu" /> Insyd 2021, she start all 25 games wey she play a team-high 2,306 minutes insyd ein redshirt senior year, anchoring a back line wey allow 13 goals den keep 14 shutouts.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bernadeau |first=Patrick |title=Women's Soccer: Navarre grad Emily Madril explains elation of winning national title with FSU |url=https://www.pnj.com/story/sports/college/florida-state/2021/12/12/soccer-navarre-grad-emily-madril-rejoices-fsus-national-title/6467766001/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002220326/https://www.pnj.com/story/sports/college/florida-state/2021/12/12/soccer-navarre-grad-emily-madril-rejoices-fsus-national-title/6467766001/ |archive-date=October 2, 2022 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Pensacola News Journal}}</ref> De team fini second insyd de regular season standings behind de Virginia Cavaliers buh dem defend dema dema 2021 ACC women's soccer tournament title plus a 1–0 victory over de Cavaliers before going on to win de 2021 National Championship title, beating de BYU Cougars on penalty kicks insyd de final.<ref>{{cite web |date=December 7, 2021 |title=FSU tops BYU in PKs to win another national title |url=https://www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/32809371/florida-state-seminoles-outlast-byu-cougars-win-women-soccer-national-championship |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> She earn College Cup All-Tournament Team, All-ACC First Team, ACC All-Tournament Team den United Soccer Coaches First Team All-American honors as well she be named ACC Defensive Player of de Year.<ref name="fsu">{{Cite web |date=August 3, 2017 |title=Emily Madril |url=https://seminoles.com/sports/saac/roster/emily-madril/ |website=Florida State Seminoles}}</ref> Having redshirt insyd 2018 wey she accrue an additional year of eligibility following de COVID-19 impacted season, she be permitted to play one more season of college soccer buh na she announce she go forgo am den turn professional insyd August 2022 after she feel disrespected by de FSU administration following de head coach search.<ref>{{cite web |last=Brennan |first=Clare |date=August 7, 2022 |title=Emily Madril: FSU soccer players 'not respected' during coach search |url=https://justwomenssports.com/emily-madril-florida-state-soccer-coach-search/ |website=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> == Club career == === Racing Louisville (W League) === Sams sign give de semi-professional USL W League affiliate of Racing Louisville FC insyd May 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Racing sets inaugural USL W League roster with season nearing |url=https://www.racingloufc.com/news/2022/05/04/racing-sets-inaugural-usl-w-league-roster-with-season-nearing/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207074912/https://www.racingloufc.com/news/2022/05/04/racing-sets-inaugural-usl-w-league-roster-with-season-nearing/ |archive-date=December 7, 2022 |access-date=January 18, 2023 |website=Racing Louisville FC}}</ref> She make nine appearances wey she score four goals during de 2022 season wey na dem name am to de Best XI second team.<ref name="wleague22">{{cite web |date=August 3, 2022 |title=USL W League announces 2022 Team of the Year |url=https://www.uslwleague.com/news_article/show/1234569 |website=www.uslwleague.com}}</ref> === BK Häcken === After electing to forgo ein final season at Florida State insyd early August 2022, partway thru de 2022 NWSL season, Sams sign a professional contract directly plus de NWSL on August 31, 2022. De move allow am to retain ein eligibility to have ein playing rights distributed insyd de 2023 NWSL Draft den play insyd de 2023 NWSL season. Insyd a statement, de league ein Chief Legal Officer state say: "''We are constantly evaluating our policies and procedures to ensure the NWSL is attracting and retaining the best players in the world."''<ref>{{cite web |date=August 30, 2022 |title=National Women's Soccer League Official Site |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-signs-emily-madril-to-professional-contract |website=www.nwslsoccer.com}}</ref> Having signed thru 2025, she be loaned out to Swedish Damallsvenskan side BK Häcken FF for de remainder of de 2022 season.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brennan |first1=Clare |date=August 31, 2022 |title=NWSL signs Emily Madril to ensure eligibility for 2023 season |url=https://justwomenssports.com/nwsl-signs-emily-madril-eligibility-2023-season/ |website=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> She make ein senior club debut on September 14, 2022, starting den playing de full 90 minutes of a 3–0 Svenska Cupen third round victory over second division Jitex BK.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 14, 2022 |title=Jitex Mölndal BK - BK Häcken FF - Matchfakta - Svensk fotboll |url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/jitex-molndal-bk-bk-hacken-ff-svenska-cupen-damer/5371872/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023141109/https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/jitex-molndal-bk-bk-hacken-ff-svenska-cupen-damer/5371872/ |archive-date=October 23, 2022 |access-date=January 18, 2023 |website=www.svenskfotboll.se |language=sv}}</ref> She make a further four appearances, all insyd de league, scoring one goal insyd a 7–1 win over AIK.<ref>{{cite web |year=2022 |title=Emily Madril - Spelarstatistik - Svensk fotboll |url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/spelarfakta/emily-madril/a927e341-482d-4509-9c92-13b5ecfb4cbc/ |website=www.svenskfotboll.se |language=sv}}</ref> Despite she be named as a substitute for both second qualifying round legs against Paris Saint-Germain, na she no appear insyd de UEFA Women's Champions League. === Orlando Pride === [[File:Emily_Sams_2024-01_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Sams plus de Orlando Pride insyd 2024]] On January 12, 2023, Sams be selected insyd de first round (third overall) of de 2023 NWSL Draft by Orlando Pride.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rollins |first=Sean |date=January 12, 2023 |title=Pride Select Florida State Defender Emily Madril at No. 3 |url=https://www.themaneland.com/2023/1/12/23552842/2023-nwsl-draft-orlando-pride-select-florida-state-defender-emily-madril-at-no-3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113010533/https://www.themaneland.com/2023/1/12/23552842/2023-nwsl-draft-orlando-pride-select-florida-state-defender-emily-madril-at-no-3 |archive-date=January 13, 2023 |access-date=January 18, 2023 |website=The Mane Land}}</ref> Sams record ein first NWSL assist, to [[Barbra Banda]], insyd a 1–0 win over Racing Louisville on May 5, 2024.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.orlandocitysc.com/pride/news/match-report-orlando-pride-takes-down-racing-louisville-fc-1-0-with-fifth-consecutive-win|title=Match Report: Orlando Pride takes down Racing Louisville FC 1-0 with fifth consecutive win|date=2024-05-05|publisher=[[Orlando Pride]]|access-date=2024-11-21|archive-date=December 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241205000715/https://www.orlandocitysc.com/pride/news/match-report-orlando-pride-takes-down-racing-louisville-fc-1-0-with-fifth-consecutive-win|url-status=live}}</ref> She score ein first NWSL goal on May 19, opening a 3–2 win against de Seattle Reign.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://themaneland.com/2024/05/19/orlando-pride-vs-seattle-reign-fc-final-score-3-2-as-pride-rebound-in-second-half-for-seventh-straight-win/|title=Orlando Pride vs. Seattle Reign FC: Final Score 3-2 as Pride Rebound in Second Half for Seventh Straight Win|last=Rollins|first=Sean|date=2024-11-21|website=The Mane Land|access-date=2024-11-21}}</ref> Ein performance alongside center back partner [[Kylie Strom]] help Orlando set de NWSL ein record for consecutive games unbeaten den secure de NWSL Shield, de first trophy insyd Pride history.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/olympic-gold-nwsl-shield-emily-sams-future-us-soccer|title=With an Olympic Gold and an NWSL Shield, Emily Sams Is the Future of U.S. Soccer|date=2024-10-26|newspaper=[[Sports Illustrated]]|access-date=2024-11-21}}</ref> Sams be named to de NWSL Team of the Month three times, dem select am to de NWSL Best XI, den voted de NWSL Defender of de Year.<ref name="DOY24">{{cite news|url=https://www.orlandocitysc.com/pride/news/orlando-pride-defender-emily-sams-named-2024-nwsl-defender-of-the-year|title=Orlando Pride defender Emily Sams named 2024 NWSL Defender of the Year|date=2024-11-21|publisher=[[Orlando Pride]]|access-date=2024-11-21}}</ref> On February 13, 2025, she sign a contract extension plus de Pride thru 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |last=orlandocitysc |title=Orlando Pride extends defender Emily Sams through 2027 season {{!}} Orlando Pride |url=https://www.orlandocitysc.com/pride/news/orlando-pride-extends-defender-emily-sams-through-2027-season |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=orlandocitysc |language=en}}</ref> === Angel City FC === On January 9, 2026, Sams be traded to Angel City FC in exchange for $650,000 insyd intraleague transfer funds.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://angelcity.com/acfc-post/angel-city-football-club-signs-emily-sams|title=Angel City Football Club Signs Emily Sams|date=2026-01-09|publisher=[[Angel City FC]]|access-date=2026-01-09}}</ref> Sams make ein debut plus Angel City on March 15, 2026 insyd de home opener against Chicago Stars.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Angel City Opens Fifth NWSL Season With 4-0 Victory Over Chicago |url=https://angelcity.com/acfc-post/angel-city-opens-fifth-nwsl-season-with-4-0-victory-over-chicago |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=angelcity.com |language=en}}</ref> Sams record ein first assist give Angel City on April 26, 2026, setting up [[Prisca Chilufya]] ein stoppage-time goal insyd a 1–2 loss against de Portland Thorns.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thorns Earn 2–1 Win Over Angel City FC in a Wild Finish - Portland Thorns |url=https://www.thorns.com/news/thorns-earn-2-1-win-over-angel-city-fc-in-a-wild-finish |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.thorns.com}}</ref> == International career == [[File:Emily_Sams_USWNT_vs_Italy_Nov_28_2025-219.jpg|left|thumb|Sams plus de United States insyd 2025]] Insyd March 2017, Sams be called into training camp plus de United States under-19 team for de first time, one of only two college players on de roster.<ref>{{cite web |title=U19 WNT heads to Florida for training camp |url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/u19-wnt-heads-to-florida-for-training-camp_aid41614 |website=TopDrawerSoccer.com}}</ref> Insys January 2018, she be called up to an under-20 training camp ahead of de 2018 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship buh na she no make de final roster.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. U20 WNT in Florida for training camp |url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/college-soccer-articles/us-u20-wnt-in-florida-for-training-camp_aid43628 |website=TopDrawerSoccer.com}}</ref> Insyd February 2022, she be named to de under-23 squad for de 2022 Thorns Invitational.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. U-23 Women's Youth National Team Will Face Three NWSL Teams In The 2022 Thorns Preseason Tournament |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/02/us-u23-womens-youth-national-team-will-face-three-nwsl-teams-in-the-2022-thorns-preseason-tournament |publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]}}</ref> She return to de under-23s to play insyd de Three-Nations Tournament dem host insyd Sweden insyd June 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Under-23 Women's Youth National Team Defeats Sweden 3-0 On Goals From Alyssa Thompson, Ava Cook And Kerry Abello |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/06/us-under-23-wynt-defeats-sweden-3-0-on-goals-from-alyssa-thompson-ava-cook-and-kerry-abello |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123210501/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/06/us-under-23-wynt-defeats-sweden-3-0-on-goals-from-alyssa-thompson-ava-cook-and-kerry-abello |archive-date=January 23, 2023 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]}}</ref> Insyd June 2024, Sams receive ein first senior national team call-up as a training player ahead of de send-off match for de [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2024 Summer Olympics]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/06/emma-hayes-names-uswnt-roster-for-the-2024-paris-olympics|title=Emma Hayes Names 2024 U.S. Olympic Women's Soccer Team|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2024-06-26|date=2024-06-26|archive-date=July 4, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704131830/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/06/emma-hayes-names-uswnt-roster-for-the-2024-paris-olympics|url-status=live}}</ref> De next month she be named as an alternate to de Olympic team after [[Lynn Williams (soccer)|Lynn Williams]] cam off de alternate list to replace [[Catarina Macario]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/07/usa-vs-mexico-match-preview-game-notes-july-13|title=USWNT Takes On Mexico in Impact 99 Legacy Match Presented by New York Life|date=2024-06-12|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2024-07-12}}</ref> She be named to de matchday squad give de final group stage game against Australia in place of de injured [[Tierna Davidson]], wey dem san name am insyd de 18 for de quarter-final against Japan, buh na she be an unused substitute give both.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Linehan |first1=Meg |date=August 1, 2024 |title=Emily Sams takes Davidson's place in the game-day 18 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/live-blogs/australia-uswnt-live-updates-olympics-2024-paris-score-result/717tbkh33lFq/cSg6HyVHp5Dh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803234226/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/live-blogs/australia-uswnt-live-updates-olympics-2024-paris-score-result/717tbkh33lFq/cSg6HyVHp5Dh/ |archive-date=August 3, 2024 |access-date=December 26, 2024 |website=The Athletic}}</ref> Davidson return for de semi-final. De United States win gold by defeating Brazil 1–0 insyd de final.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/live-blogs/uswnt-brazil-live-updates-paris-olympics-2024-final-score-result/MSnNZ1Hpph4E/|title=USWNT vs Brazil live updates: Mallory Swanson breaks deadlock in Paris Olympics 2024 women's soccer final|last=Mathews|first=Max|date=2024-08-10|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=2024-08-10}}</ref> Despite no dey play insyd de Olympics anaa having made ein international debut, Sams meet de eligibility criteria for a medal by she be named to a matchday squad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emma Hayes Names U.S. Women's National Team Training Camp Roster, Presented by Jim Beam, for October Friendlies against Iceland and Argentina |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/10/emma-hayes-names-roster-for-us-womens-national-team-october-friendlies-iceland-argentina |website=www.ussoccer.com}}</ref> She make ein international debut on October 27, 2024, starting den playing de full 90 minutes of a 3–1 friendly victory over Iceland insyd Nashville.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kriger |first=Rachael |date=October 28, 2024 |title=Sears scores in debut, Sams earns first cap in USWNT 3-1 victory over Iceland |url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2024/10/28/sears-scores-in-debut-sams-earns-first-cap-in-uswnt-3-1-victory-over-iceland/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213202309/https://equalizersoccer.com/2024/10/28/sears-scores-in-debut-sams-earns-first-cap-in-uswnt-3-1-victory-over-iceland/ |archive-date=December 13, 2024 |access-date=December 26, 2024 |website=equalizersoccer.com}}</ref> On January 27, 2026, Sams captain de USWNT for de first time wey she score ein first international goal insyd a 5–0 friendly win over Chile.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/live-story/sports/soccer/uswnt/2026/01/27/uswnt-vs-chile-live-updates-lineup-score-friendly-today/88385029007/|title=USWNT vs. Chile live updates, lineup, score for friendly today|last=Vertelney|first=Seth|date=2026-01-27|website=[[USA Today]]|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> e1aw25d5vai2t3lxe3bpyun8icd8mz3 110221 110220 2026-08-19T04:35:35Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the section "Personal life" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353407353|Emily Sams]]" 110221 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emily May Sams''' (; born July 1, 1999) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a defender give Angel City FC of de National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) den de United States national team. Mainly a center back, she sanso fi play right back. Sams play college soccer give de Florida State Seminoles, winning de 2021 national championship den dey earn first-team All-American honors. After playing half a season insyd Sweden, she be drafted third overall by de Orlando Pride insyd de 2023 NWSL Draft. Insyd 2024, she be named de NWSL Defender of de Year wey she help lead de Pride to de NWSL Shield den NWSL Championship. Sams train plus de youth national team from de under-19 to under-23 levels. She be included insyd de squad wey win gold at de [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2024 Paris Olympics]] before making ein senior debut later dat year. == Early life == Na dem born Sams insyd Boise, Idaho insyd 1999. Ein family move go Navarre, Florida insyd de summer of 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=Player of the Year Emily Madril helped Navarre girls reach new heights |url=https://www.nwfdailynews.com/story/sports/high-school/soccer/2015/05/04/1-473186/33916483007/ |website=The Northwest Florida Daily News}}</ref> She attend Navarre High School wer she tally 107 goals den 70 assists give de soccer team wey na dem honor am plus several individual awards wey dey include 2016 Florida Miss Soccer den twice Player of de Year by de Pensacola News Journal.<ref>{{cite web |date=March 27, 2016 |title=After winning Florida's Miss Soccer, Madril takes PNJ POY |url=https://usatodayhss.com/2016/after-winning-floridas-miss-soccer-madril-takes-pnj-poy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404033043/https://usatodayhss.com/2016/after-winning-floridas-miss-soccer-madril-takes-pnj-poy |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |access-date=January 18, 2023 |website=USA TODAY High School Sports}}</ref> She sanso play youth club soccer give Gulf Coast Texans.<ref>{{cite web |last1=WALLACE |first1=ERIC J. |title=Local travel soccer team heads to Florida final four |url=https://www.pnj.com/story/sports/high-school/soccer/2016/05/19/soccer-final-four/84624646/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404033043/https://www.pnj.com/story/sports/high-school/soccer/2016/05/19/soccer-final-four/84624646/ |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |access-date=January 18, 2023 |website=Pensacola News Journal}}</ref> === Florida State Seminoles === Sams play three seasons of college soccer give de Seminoles at Florida State University between 2017 den 2021; she make a total of 62 appearances, wey she start 61, scoring six goals den registering seven assists.<ref name="fsu">{{Cite web |date=August 3, 2017 |title=Emily Madril |url=https://seminoles.com/sports/saac/roster/emily-madril/ |website=Florida State Seminoles}}</ref> As a freshman she play insyd all 21 FSU games on de season, wey dey include 20 starts. On ein collegiate debut she make two assists give [[Deyna Castellanos]] insyd a 3–0 win over de UNC Greensboro Spartans.<ref>{{cite web |date=August 18, 2017 |title=Deyna Castellanos' Hat Trick Carries Noles Over UNCG |url=https://seminoles.com/deyna-castellanos-hat-trick-carries-noles-over-uncg/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102073101/https://seminoles.com/deyna-castellanos-hat-trick-carries-noles-over-uncg/ |archive-date=November 2, 2019 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Florida State Seminoles}}</ref> She score ein first collegiate goal on October 5 insyd a 3–0 win over de Boston College Eagles.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 5, 2017 |title=Cassie Miller Ties FSU Shutout Record Versus BC |url=https://seminoles.com/cassie-miller-ties-fsu-shutout-record-versus-bc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123205722/https://seminoles.com/cassie-miller-ties-fsu-shutout-record-versus-bc/ |archive-date=January 23, 2023 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Florida State Seminoles}}</ref> She redshirt give de 2018 season secof an ACL injury before she be forced to sit out insyd 2019 plus a second ACL tear.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tallahassee Democrat |url=https://www.tallahassee.com/story/sports/college/fsu/2021/09/30/florida-state-seminoles-fsu-soccer-emily-madril-mark-krikorian-acc-defender-of-the-week/5882212001/ |website=www.tallahassee.com}}</ref> She return insyd 2020 to start insyd all 16 games during de [[COVID-19]] pandemic shortened season as FSU claim both de ACC regular season den tournament titles.<ref>{{cite web |last=Yarmus |first=Gannon |title=Madril shines in final season of FSU career |url=https://eu.fsunews.com/story/sports/2021/10/17/madril-making-most-her-senior-season/8496094002/ |website=FSView}}</ref> Individually she be named College Cup All-Tournament Team, All-ACC Second Team, United Soccer Coaches Second Team All-American.<ref name="fsu" /> Insyd 2021, she start all 25 games wey she play a team-high 2,306 minutes insyd ein redshirt senior year, anchoring a back line wey allow 13 goals den keep 14 shutouts.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bernadeau |first=Patrick |title=Women's Soccer: Navarre grad Emily Madril explains elation of winning national title with FSU |url=https://www.pnj.com/story/sports/college/florida-state/2021/12/12/soccer-navarre-grad-emily-madril-rejoices-fsus-national-title/6467766001/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002220326/https://www.pnj.com/story/sports/college/florida-state/2021/12/12/soccer-navarre-grad-emily-madril-rejoices-fsus-national-title/6467766001/ |archive-date=October 2, 2022 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Pensacola News Journal}}</ref> De team fini second insyd de regular season standings behind de Virginia Cavaliers buh dem defend dema dema 2021 ACC women's soccer tournament title plus a 1–0 victory over de Cavaliers before going on to win de 2021 National Championship title, beating de BYU Cougars on penalty kicks insyd de final.<ref>{{cite web |date=December 7, 2021 |title=FSU tops BYU in PKs to win another national title |url=https://www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/32809371/florida-state-seminoles-outlast-byu-cougars-win-women-soccer-national-championship |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> She earn College Cup All-Tournament Team, All-ACC First Team, ACC All-Tournament Team den United Soccer Coaches First Team All-American honors as well she be named ACC Defensive Player of de Year.<ref name="fsu">{{Cite web |date=August 3, 2017 |title=Emily Madril |url=https://seminoles.com/sports/saac/roster/emily-madril/ |website=Florida State Seminoles}}</ref> Having redshirt insyd 2018 wey she accrue an additional year of eligibility following de COVID-19 impacted season, she be permitted to play one more season of college soccer buh na she announce she go forgo am den turn professional insyd August 2022 after she feel disrespected by de FSU administration following de head coach search.<ref>{{cite web |last=Brennan |first=Clare |date=August 7, 2022 |title=Emily Madril: FSU soccer players 'not respected' during coach search |url=https://justwomenssports.com/emily-madril-florida-state-soccer-coach-search/ |website=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> == Club career == === Racing Louisville (W League) === Sams sign give de semi-professional USL W League affiliate of Racing Louisville FC insyd May 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Racing sets inaugural USL W League roster with season nearing |url=https://www.racingloufc.com/news/2022/05/04/racing-sets-inaugural-usl-w-league-roster-with-season-nearing/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207074912/https://www.racingloufc.com/news/2022/05/04/racing-sets-inaugural-usl-w-league-roster-with-season-nearing/ |archive-date=December 7, 2022 |access-date=January 18, 2023 |website=Racing Louisville FC}}</ref> She make nine appearances wey she score four goals during de 2022 season wey na dem name am to de Best XI second team.<ref name="wleague22">{{cite web |date=August 3, 2022 |title=USL W League announces 2022 Team of the Year |url=https://www.uslwleague.com/news_article/show/1234569 |website=www.uslwleague.com}}</ref> === BK Häcken === After electing to forgo ein final season at Florida State insyd early August 2022, partway thru de 2022 NWSL season, Sams sign a professional contract directly plus de NWSL on August 31, 2022. De move allow am to retain ein eligibility to have ein playing rights distributed insyd de 2023 NWSL Draft den play insyd de 2023 NWSL season. Insyd a statement, de league ein Chief Legal Officer state say: "''We are constantly evaluating our policies and procedures to ensure the NWSL is attracting and retaining the best players in the world."''<ref>{{cite web |date=August 30, 2022 |title=National Women's Soccer League Official Site |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-signs-emily-madril-to-professional-contract |website=www.nwslsoccer.com}}</ref> Having signed thru 2025, she be loaned out to Swedish Damallsvenskan side BK Häcken FF for de remainder of de 2022 season.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brennan |first1=Clare |date=August 31, 2022 |title=NWSL signs Emily Madril to ensure eligibility for 2023 season |url=https://justwomenssports.com/nwsl-signs-emily-madril-eligibility-2023-season/ |website=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> She make ein senior club debut on September 14, 2022, starting den playing de full 90 minutes of a 3–0 Svenska Cupen third round victory over second division Jitex BK.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 14, 2022 |title=Jitex Mölndal BK - BK Häcken FF - Matchfakta - Svensk fotboll |url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/jitex-molndal-bk-bk-hacken-ff-svenska-cupen-damer/5371872/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023141109/https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/jitex-molndal-bk-bk-hacken-ff-svenska-cupen-damer/5371872/ |archive-date=October 23, 2022 |access-date=January 18, 2023 |website=www.svenskfotboll.se |language=sv}}</ref> She make a further four appearances, all insyd de league, scoring one goal insyd a 7–1 win over AIK.<ref>{{cite web |year=2022 |title=Emily Madril - Spelarstatistik - Svensk fotboll |url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/spelarfakta/emily-madril/a927e341-482d-4509-9c92-13b5ecfb4cbc/ |website=www.svenskfotboll.se |language=sv}}</ref> Despite she be named as a substitute for both second qualifying round legs against Paris Saint-Germain, na she no appear insyd de UEFA Women's Champions League. === Orlando Pride === [[File:Emily_Sams_2024-01_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Sams plus de Orlando Pride insyd 2024]] On January 12, 2023, Sams be selected insyd de first round (third overall) of de 2023 NWSL Draft by Orlando Pride.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rollins |first=Sean |date=January 12, 2023 |title=Pride Select Florida State Defender Emily Madril at No. 3 |url=https://www.themaneland.com/2023/1/12/23552842/2023-nwsl-draft-orlando-pride-select-florida-state-defender-emily-madril-at-no-3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113010533/https://www.themaneland.com/2023/1/12/23552842/2023-nwsl-draft-orlando-pride-select-florida-state-defender-emily-madril-at-no-3 |archive-date=January 13, 2023 |access-date=January 18, 2023 |website=The Mane Land}}</ref> Sams record ein first NWSL assist, to [[Barbra Banda]], insyd a 1–0 win over Racing Louisville on May 5, 2024.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.orlandocitysc.com/pride/news/match-report-orlando-pride-takes-down-racing-louisville-fc-1-0-with-fifth-consecutive-win|title=Match Report: Orlando Pride takes down Racing Louisville FC 1-0 with fifth consecutive win|date=2024-05-05|publisher=[[Orlando Pride]]|access-date=2024-11-21|archive-date=December 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241205000715/https://www.orlandocitysc.com/pride/news/match-report-orlando-pride-takes-down-racing-louisville-fc-1-0-with-fifth-consecutive-win|url-status=live}}</ref> She score ein first NWSL goal on May 19, opening a 3–2 win against de Seattle Reign.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://themaneland.com/2024/05/19/orlando-pride-vs-seattle-reign-fc-final-score-3-2-as-pride-rebound-in-second-half-for-seventh-straight-win/|title=Orlando Pride vs. Seattle Reign FC: Final Score 3-2 as Pride Rebound in Second Half for Seventh Straight Win|last=Rollins|first=Sean|date=2024-11-21|website=The Mane Land|access-date=2024-11-21}}</ref> Ein performance alongside center back partner [[Kylie Strom]] help Orlando set de NWSL ein record for consecutive games unbeaten den secure de NWSL Shield, de first trophy insyd Pride history.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/olympic-gold-nwsl-shield-emily-sams-future-us-soccer|title=With an Olympic Gold and an NWSL Shield, Emily Sams Is the Future of U.S. Soccer|date=2024-10-26|newspaper=[[Sports Illustrated]]|access-date=2024-11-21}}</ref> Sams be named to de NWSL Team of the Month three times, dem select am to de NWSL Best XI, den voted de NWSL Defender of de Year.<ref name="DOY24">{{cite news|url=https://www.orlandocitysc.com/pride/news/orlando-pride-defender-emily-sams-named-2024-nwsl-defender-of-the-year|title=Orlando Pride defender Emily Sams named 2024 NWSL Defender of the Year|date=2024-11-21|publisher=[[Orlando Pride]]|access-date=2024-11-21}}</ref> On February 13, 2025, she sign a contract extension plus de Pride thru 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |last=orlandocitysc |title=Orlando Pride extends defender Emily Sams through 2027 season {{!}} Orlando Pride |url=https://www.orlandocitysc.com/pride/news/orlando-pride-extends-defender-emily-sams-through-2027-season |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=orlandocitysc |language=en}}</ref> === Angel City FC === On January 9, 2026, Sams be traded to Angel City FC in exchange for $650,000 insyd intraleague transfer funds.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://angelcity.com/acfc-post/angel-city-football-club-signs-emily-sams|title=Angel City Football Club Signs Emily Sams|date=2026-01-09|publisher=[[Angel City FC]]|access-date=2026-01-09}}</ref> Sams make ein debut plus Angel City on March 15, 2026 insyd de home opener against Chicago Stars.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Angel City Opens Fifth NWSL Season With 4-0 Victory Over Chicago |url=https://angelcity.com/acfc-post/angel-city-opens-fifth-nwsl-season-with-4-0-victory-over-chicago |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=angelcity.com |language=en}}</ref> Sams record ein first assist give Angel City on April 26, 2026, setting up [[Prisca Chilufya]] ein stoppage-time goal insyd a 1–2 loss against de Portland Thorns.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thorns Earn 2–1 Win Over Angel City FC in a Wild Finish - Portland Thorns |url=https://www.thorns.com/news/thorns-earn-2-1-win-over-angel-city-fc-in-a-wild-finish |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.thorns.com}}</ref> == International career == [[File:Emily_Sams_USWNT_vs_Italy_Nov_28_2025-219.jpg|left|thumb|Sams plus de United States insyd 2025]] Insyd March 2017, Sams be called into training camp plus de United States under-19 team for de first time, one of only two college players on de roster.<ref>{{cite web |title=U19 WNT heads to Florida for training camp |url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/u19-wnt-heads-to-florida-for-training-camp_aid41614 |website=TopDrawerSoccer.com}}</ref> Insys January 2018, she be called up to an under-20 training camp ahead of de 2018 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship buh na she no make de final roster.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. U20 WNT in Florida for training camp |url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/college-soccer-articles/us-u20-wnt-in-florida-for-training-camp_aid43628 |website=TopDrawerSoccer.com}}</ref> Insyd February 2022, she be named to de under-23 squad for de 2022 Thorns Invitational.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. U-23 Women's Youth National Team Will Face Three NWSL Teams In The 2022 Thorns Preseason Tournament |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/02/us-u23-womens-youth-national-team-will-face-three-nwsl-teams-in-the-2022-thorns-preseason-tournament |publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]}}</ref> She return to de under-23s to play insyd de Three-Nations Tournament dem host insyd Sweden insyd June 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Under-23 Women's Youth National Team Defeats Sweden 3-0 On Goals From Alyssa Thompson, Ava Cook And Kerry Abello |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/06/us-under-23-wynt-defeats-sweden-3-0-on-goals-from-alyssa-thompson-ava-cook-and-kerry-abello |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123210501/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/06/us-under-23-wynt-defeats-sweden-3-0-on-goals-from-alyssa-thompson-ava-cook-and-kerry-abello |archive-date=January 23, 2023 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]}}</ref> Insyd June 2024, Sams receive ein first senior national team call-up as a training player ahead of de send-off match for de [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2024 Summer Olympics]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/06/emma-hayes-names-uswnt-roster-for-the-2024-paris-olympics|title=Emma Hayes Names 2024 U.S. Olympic Women's Soccer Team|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2024-06-26|date=2024-06-26|archive-date=July 4, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704131830/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/06/emma-hayes-names-uswnt-roster-for-the-2024-paris-olympics|url-status=live}}</ref> De next month she be named as an alternate to de Olympic team after [[Lynn Williams (soccer)|Lynn Williams]] cam off de alternate list to replace [[Catarina Macario]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/07/usa-vs-mexico-match-preview-game-notes-july-13|title=USWNT Takes On Mexico in Impact 99 Legacy Match Presented by New York Life|date=2024-06-12|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2024-07-12}}</ref> She be named to de matchday squad give de final group stage game against Australia in place of de injured [[Tierna Davidson]], wey dem san name am insyd de 18 for de quarter-final against Japan, buh na she be an unused substitute give both.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Linehan |first1=Meg |date=August 1, 2024 |title=Emily Sams takes Davidson's place in the game-day 18 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/live-blogs/australia-uswnt-live-updates-olympics-2024-paris-score-result/717tbkh33lFq/cSg6HyVHp5Dh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803234226/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/live-blogs/australia-uswnt-live-updates-olympics-2024-paris-score-result/717tbkh33lFq/cSg6HyVHp5Dh/ |archive-date=August 3, 2024 |access-date=December 26, 2024 |website=The Athletic}}</ref> Davidson return for de semi-final. De United States win gold by defeating Brazil 1–0 insyd de final.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/live-blogs/uswnt-brazil-live-updates-paris-olympics-2024-final-score-result/MSnNZ1Hpph4E/|title=USWNT vs Brazil live updates: Mallory Swanson breaks deadlock in Paris Olympics 2024 women's soccer final|last=Mathews|first=Max|date=2024-08-10|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=2024-08-10}}</ref> Despite no dey play insyd de Olympics anaa having made ein international debut, Sams meet de eligibility criteria for a medal by she be named to a matchday squad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emma Hayes Names U.S. Women's National Team Training Camp Roster, Presented by Jim Beam, for October Friendlies against Iceland and Argentina |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/10/emma-hayes-names-roster-for-us-womens-national-team-october-friendlies-iceland-argentina |website=www.ussoccer.com}}</ref> She make ein international debut on October 27, 2024, starting den playing de full 90 minutes of a 3–1 friendly victory over Iceland insyd Nashville.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kriger |first=Rachael |date=October 28, 2024 |title=Sears scores in debut, Sams earns first cap in USWNT 3-1 victory over Iceland |url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2024/10/28/sears-scores-in-debut-sams-earns-first-cap-in-uswnt-3-1-victory-over-iceland/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213202309/https://equalizersoccer.com/2024/10/28/sears-scores-in-debut-sams-earns-first-cap-in-uswnt-3-1-victory-over-iceland/ |archive-date=December 13, 2024 |access-date=December 26, 2024 |website=equalizersoccer.com}}</ref> On January 27, 2026, Sams captain de USWNT for de first time wey she score ein first international goal insyd a 5–0 friendly win over Chile.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/live-story/sports/soccer/uswnt/2026/01/27/uswnt-vs-chile-live-updates-lineup-score-friendly-today/88385029007/|title=USWNT vs. Chile live updates, lineup, score for friendly today|last=Vertelney|first=Seth|date=2026-01-27|website=[[USA Today]]|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> == Personal life == Sams get a twin sisto, Lizzy, wey na she be a high school teammate plus am at Navarre before playing college soccer at Daytona State College.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lizzy Madril |url=https://dscfalcons.com/sports/wsoc/2018-19/bios/madril_lizzy_g27k |website=Daytona State College}}</ref> She marry Dakota Sams on February 19, 2024.<ref>{{cite Instagram|postid=C3po2_Srgvl|user=emilymadril10|last=Madril|first=Emily|date=2024-02-22|title=2.19.24 🤍 Dakota and I got married!!|access-date=2024-03-01}}</ref> 1b52ky41kfpik3bz40jp0vw5qnu7pek Jordyn Bugg 0 29721 110115 2026-08-18T13:17:11Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367109066|Jordyn Bugg]]" 110115 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jordyn Nishai Bugg''' (born August 11, 2006) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a center back give Seattle Reign FC of de National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) den de United States national team. She sign plus de Reign at age 17 insyd 2024 wey she earn NWSL Best XI Second Team honors insyd 2025. She win bronze medals as a youth international at de 2023 Pan American Games den de 2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. 0fw2u71mhvllh68iqpjh6llco7eftm2 110208 110115 2026-08-18T22:58:26Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the section "Early life" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367109066|Jordyn Bugg]]" 110208 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jordyn Nishai Bugg''' (born August 11, 2006) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a center back give Seattle Reign FC of de National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) den de United States national team. She sign plus de Reign at age 17 insyd 2024 wey she earn NWSL Best XI Second Team honors insyd 2025. She win bronze medals as a youth international at de 2023 Pan American Games den de 2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. == Early life == Dem raise Bugg insyd El Cajon, California, de oldest of five siblings. Ein parents attend Eastern Kentucky University, wer ein poppie play college football wey ein mommie play basketball. She be a cousin of NFL cornerback [[Terrion Arnold]].<ref name="FS24">{{cite news|url=https://seminoles.com/news/2024/4/17/womens-soccer-soccer-adds-jordyn-bugg-to-2024-roster|title=Soccer Adds Jordyn Bugg to 2024 Roster|date=April 17, 2024|publisher=[[Florida State Seminoles]]|access-date=July 19, 2024}}</ref> Bugg attend Christian Junior/Senior High School wey she play club soccer give San Diego Surf SC, winning de ECNL national championship insyd 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jordyn Bugg – 2024 – Women's Soccer |url=https://seminoles.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/jordyn-bugg/7139 |access-date=July 19, 2024 |publisher=[[Florida State Seminoles]]}}</ref><ref name="S241">{{cite news|url=https://www.reignfc.com/news/seattle-reign-fc-signs-defender-jordyn-bugg-and-midfielder-ainsley-mccammon|title=Seattle Reign FC Signs Defender Jordyn Bugg and Midfielder Ainsley McCammon|date=July 19, 2024|publisher=[[Seattle Reign FC]]|access-date=July 19, 2024}}</ref> She train plus NWSL club San Diego Wave during ein last two years of high school, developing under center backs [[Naomi Girma]] den [[Abby Dahlkemper]] den head coach [[Casey Stoney]].<ref name="U24">{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/09/jordyn-bugg-standing-on-shoulders-of-giants|title=Standing on the Shoulders of Giants|date=September 10, 2024|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=September 12, 2024}}</ref> She initially commit to play college soccer give de Stanford Cardinal insyd de class of 2025,<ref>{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Travis |date=September 11, 2023 |title=SIMA Recruiting Roundup: September 11-17 |url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/sima-recruiting-roundup:-september-11-17_aid52471 |access-date=2026-07-05 |website=[[TopDrawerSoccer]]}}</ref> before reclassifying den changing ein commitment to de Florida State Seminoles. She be poised to be de top ranked member of Florida State ein recruiting class of 2024.<ref>{{cite web |date=2024-05-30 |title=2024 Women’s DI Recruiting Ranks: May |url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/2024-womens-di-recruiting-ranks:-may_aid53371 |access-date=2026-07-05 |website=[[TopDrawerSoccer]]}}</ref> 4cy53eik4i2gkcg106mqwxo1za8lo57 110216 110208 2026-08-18T23:36:55Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the section "Early life" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367109066|Jordyn Bugg]]" 110216 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jordyn Nishai Bugg''' (born August 11, 2006) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a center back give Seattle Reign FC of de National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) den de United States national team. She sign plus de Reign at age 17 insyd 2024 wey she earn NWSL Best XI Second Team honors insyd 2025. She win bronze medals as a youth international at de 2023 Pan American Games den de 2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. == Early life == Dem raise Bugg insyd El Cajon, California, de oldest of five siblings. Ein parents attend Eastern Kentucky University, wer ein poppie play college football wey ein mommie play basketball. She be a cousin of NFL cornerback [[Terrion Arnold]].<ref name="FS24">{{cite news|url=https://seminoles.com/news/2024/4/17/womens-soccer-soccer-adds-jordyn-bugg-to-2024-roster|title=Soccer Adds Jordyn Bugg to 2024 Roster|date=April 17, 2024|publisher=[[Florida State Seminoles]]|access-date=July 19, 2024}}</ref> Bugg attend Christian Junior/Senior High School wey she play club soccer give San Diego Surf SC, winning de ECNL national championship insyd 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jordyn Bugg – 2024 – Women's Soccer |url=https://seminoles.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/jordyn-bugg/7139 |access-date=July 19, 2024 |publisher=[[Florida State Seminoles]]}}</ref><ref name="S241">{{cite news|url=https://www.reignfc.com/news/seattle-reign-fc-signs-defender-jordyn-bugg-and-midfielder-ainsley-mccammon|title=Seattle Reign FC Signs Defender Jordyn Bugg and Midfielder Ainsley McCammon|date=July 19, 2024|publisher=[[Seattle Reign FC]]|access-date=July 19, 2024}}</ref> She train plus NWSL club San Diego Wave during ein last two years of high school, developing under center backs [[Naomi Girma]] den [[Abby Dahlkemper]] den head coach [[Casey Stoney]].<ref name="U24">{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/09/jordyn-bugg-standing-on-shoulders-of-giants|title=Standing on the Shoulders of Giants|date=September 10, 2024|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=September 12, 2024}}</ref> She initially commit to play college soccer give de Stanford Cardinal insyd de class of 2025,<ref>{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Travis |date=September 11, 2023 |title=SIMA Recruiting Roundup: September 11-17 |url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/sima-recruiting-roundup:-september-11-17_aid52471 |access-date=2026-07-05 |website=[[TopDrawerSoccer]]}}</ref> before reclassifying den changing ein commitment to de Florida State Seminoles. She be poised to be de top ranked member of Florida State ein recruiting class of 2024.<ref>{{cite web |date=2024-05-30 |title=2024 Women’s DI Recruiting Ranks: May |url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/2024-womens-di-recruiting-ranks:-may_aid53371 |access-date=2026-07-05 |website=[[TopDrawerSoccer]]}}</ref> == Early life == Bugg be raised insyd El Cajon, California, de oldest of five siblings. Ein parents attend Eastern Kentucky University, wer ein poppie play college football wey ein mommie play basketball. She be a cousin of NFL cornerback [[Terrion Arnold]].<ref name="FS24">{{cite news|url=https://seminoles.com/news/2024/4/17/womens-soccer-soccer-adds-jordyn-bugg-to-2024-roster|title=Soccer Adds Jordyn Bugg to 2024 Roster|date=April 17, 2024|publisher=[[Florida State Seminoles]]|access-date=July 19, 2024}}</ref> Bugg attend Christian Junior/Senior High School wey she play club soccer give San Diego Surf SC, winning de ECNL national championship insyd 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jordyn Bugg – 2024 – Women's Soccer |url=https://seminoles.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/jordyn-bugg/7139 |access-date=July 19, 2024 |publisher=[[Florida State Seminoles]]}}</ref><ref name="S241">{{cite news|url=https://www.reignfc.com/news/seattle-reign-fc-signs-defender-jordyn-bugg-and-midfielder-ainsley-mccammon|title=Seattle Reign FC Signs Defender Jordyn Bugg and Midfielder Ainsley McCammon|date=July 19, 2024|publisher=[[Seattle Reign FC]]|access-date=July 19, 2024}}</ref> She train plus NWSL club San Diego Wave during eim last two years of high school, developing under center backs [[Naomi Girma]] den [[Abby Dahlkemper]] den head coach [[Casey Stoney]].<ref name="U24">{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/09/jordyn-bugg-standing-on-shoulders-of-giants|title=Standing on the Shoulders of Giants|date=September 10, 2024|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=September 12, 2024}}</ref> She initially commit to play college soccer give de Stanford Cardinal insyd de class of 2025,<ref>{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Travis |date=September 11, 2023 |title=SIMA Recruiting Roundup: September 11-17 |url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/sima-recruiting-roundup:-september-11-17_aid52471 |access-date=2026-07-05 |website=[[TopDrawerSoccer]]}}</ref> before reclassifying den changing ein commitment to de Florida State Seminoles. She be poised to be de top ranked member of Florida State ein recruiting class of 2024.<ref>{{cite web |date=2024-05-30 |title=2024 Women’s DI Recruiting Ranks: May |url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/2024-womens-di-recruiting-ranks:-may_aid53371 |access-date=2026-07-05 |website=[[TopDrawerSoccer]]}}</ref> jpj4r6llh4qk6yizl5zqylo6sntkcji 110222 110216 2026-08-19T05:31:53Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the section "Club career" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367109066|Jordyn Bugg]]" 110222 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jordyn Nishai Bugg''' (born August 11, 2006) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a center back give Seattle Reign FC of de National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) den de United States national team. She sign plus de Reign at age 17 insyd 2024 wey she earn NWSL Best XI Second Team honors insyd 2025. She win bronze medals as a youth international at de 2023 Pan American Games den de 2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. == Early life == Dem raise Bugg insyd El Cajon, California, de oldest of five siblings. Ein parents attend Eastern Kentucky University, wer ein poppie play college football wey ein mommie play basketball. She be a cousin of NFL cornerback [[Terrion Arnold]].<ref name="FS24">{{cite news|url=https://seminoles.com/news/2024/4/17/womens-soccer-soccer-adds-jordyn-bugg-to-2024-roster|title=Soccer Adds Jordyn Bugg to 2024 Roster|date=April 17, 2024|publisher=[[Florida State Seminoles]]|access-date=July 19, 2024}}</ref> Bugg attend Christian Junior/Senior High School wey she play club soccer give San Diego Surf SC, winning de ECNL national championship insyd 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jordyn Bugg – 2024 – Women's Soccer |url=https://seminoles.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/jordyn-bugg/7139 |access-date=July 19, 2024 |publisher=[[Florida State Seminoles]]}}</ref><ref name="S241">{{cite news|url=https://www.reignfc.com/news/seattle-reign-fc-signs-defender-jordyn-bugg-and-midfielder-ainsley-mccammon|title=Seattle Reign FC Signs Defender Jordyn Bugg and Midfielder Ainsley McCammon|date=July 19, 2024|publisher=[[Seattle Reign FC]]|access-date=July 19, 2024}}</ref> She train plus NWSL club San Diego Wave during ein last two years of high school, developing under center backs [[Naomi Girma]] den [[Abby Dahlkemper]] den head coach [[Casey Stoney]].<ref name="U24">{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/09/jordyn-bugg-standing-on-shoulders-of-giants|title=Standing on the Shoulders of Giants|date=September 10, 2024|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=September 12, 2024}}</ref> She initially commit to play college soccer give de Stanford Cardinal insyd de class of 2025,<ref>{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Travis |date=September 11, 2023 |title=SIMA Recruiting Roundup: September 11-17 |url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/sima-recruiting-roundup:-september-11-17_aid52471 |access-date=2026-07-05 |website=[[TopDrawerSoccer]]}}</ref> before reclassifying den changing ein commitment to de Florida State Seminoles. She be poised to be de top ranked member of Florida State ein recruiting class of 2024.<ref>{{cite web |date=2024-05-30 |title=2024 Women’s DI Recruiting Ranks: May |url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/2024-womens-di-recruiting-ranks:-may_aid53371 |access-date=2026-07-05 |website=[[TopDrawerSoccer]]}}</ref> == Early life == Bugg be raised insyd El Cajon, California, de oldest of five siblings. Ein parents attend Eastern Kentucky University, wer ein poppie play college football wey ein mommie play basketball. She be a cousin of NFL cornerback [[Terrion Arnold]].<ref name="FS24">{{cite news|url=https://seminoles.com/news/2024/4/17/womens-soccer-soccer-adds-jordyn-bugg-to-2024-roster|title=Soccer Adds Jordyn Bugg to 2024 Roster|date=April 17, 2024|publisher=[[Florida State Seminoles]]|access-date=July 19, 2024}}</ref> Bugg attend Christian Junior/Senior High School wey she play club soccer give San Diego Surf SC, winning de ECNL national championship insyd 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jordyn Bugg – 2024 – Women's Soccer |url=https://seminoles.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/jordyn-bugg/7139 |access-date=July 19, 2024 |publisher=[[Florida State Seminoles]]}}</ref><ref name="S241">{{cite news|url=https://www.reignfc.com/news/seattle-reign-fc-signs-defender-jordyn-bugg-and-midfielder-ainsley-mccammon|title=Seattle Reign FC Signs Defender Jordyn Bugg and Midfielder Ainsley McCammon|date=July 19, 2024|publisher=[[Seattle Reign FC]]|access-date=July 19, 2024}}</ref> She train plus NWSL club San Diego Wave during eim last two years of high school, developing under center backs [[Naomi Girma]] den [[Abby Dahlkemper]] den head coach [[Casey Stoney]].<ref name="U24">{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/09/jordyn-bugg-standing-on-shoulders-of-giants|title=Standing on the Shoulders of Giants|date=September 10, 2024|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=September 12, 2024}}</ref> She initially commit to play college soccer give de Stanford Cardinal insyd de class of 2025,<ref>{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Travis |date=September 11, 2023 |title=SIMA Recruiting Roundup: September 11-17 |url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/sima-recruiting-roundup:-september-11-17_aid52471 |access-date=2026-07-05 |website=[[TopDrawerSoccer]]}}</ref> before reclassifying den changing ein commitment to de Florida State Seminoles. She be poised to be de top ranked member of Florida State ein recruiting class of 2024.<ref>{{cite web |date=2024-05-30 |title=2024 Women’s DI Recruiting Ranks: May |url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/2024-womens-di-recruiting-ranks:-may_aid53371 |access-date=2026-07-05 |website=[[TopDrawerSoccer]]}}</ref> == Club career == [[File:NC_Courage_vs_Seattle_Reign_(Jul_2026)_03_(Bugg).jpg|left|thumb|Bugg plus de Reign insyd 2026]] On July 19, 2024, Seattle Reign FC announce say de club sign Bugg to ein first professional contract on a two-and-a-half-year deal under de National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) ein Under-18 Entry Mechanism.<ref name="S247">{{cite news|url=https://www.sounderatheart.com/2024/07/seattle-reign-sign-jordyn-bugg-ainsley-mccammon/|title=Seattle Reign sign two U-18 players to long-term contracts|last=Rantz|first=Susie|date=July 19, 2024|website=Sounder at Heart|access-date=July 19, 2024}}</ref> Na she begin dey train plus de Reign de previous month,<ref name="S247" /> wey she decide to give up ein college eligibility den sign following ein previous experience plus San Diego den de NWSL signings of several youth international teammates.<ref name="U24">{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/09/jordyn-bugg-standing-on-shoulders-of-giants|title=Standing on the Shoulders of Giants|date=September 10, 2024|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=September 12, 2024}}</ref> De following week, Bugg make ein professional debut against Club Tijuana insyd de NWSL x Liga MX Femenil Summer Cup, playing both center back den full back insyd a 3–2 defeat.<ref name="S24S" /> Ein debut appearance trigger a clause insyd ein contract wey extend de deal by a year thru 2027.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reignfc.com/news/match-recap-seattle-reign-fc-falls-to-club-tijuana|title=Match Recap: Seattle Reign FC Falls to Club Tijuana|date=July 28, 2024|publisher=[[Seattle Reign FC]]|access-date=August 1, 2024}}</ref> Despite de loss, Seattle head coach [[Laura Harvey]] say na ein performance be "exceptional".<ref name="S24S">{{cite news|url=https://www.sounderatheart.com/2024/07/reign-tijuana-summer-cup-recap/|title=Second-half rally comes up short as Reign fall to Tijuana|last=Haynie|first=Alli|date=July 28, 2024|website=Sounder at Heart|access-date=August 1, 2024}}</ref> After impressing insyd de Summer Cup, Bugg cam be an undisputed starter insyd central defense as a replacement give de outgoing [[Alana Cook]],<ref name="U24">{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/09/jordyn-bugg-standing-on-shoulders-of-giants|title=Standing on the Shoulders of Giants|date=September 10, 2024|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=September 12, 2024}}</ref> making ein regular-season debut insyd a 1–0 home win over de North Carolina Courage on August 25.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sounderatheart.com/2024/08/seattle-reign-nc-courage-recap-megan-rapinoe-jersey-retirement/|title=Seattle Reign win in stoppage time on Megan Rapinoe's jersey retirement night|last=Cristobal|first=Jacob|date=August 25, 2024|website=Sounder at Heart|access-date=August 26, 2024}}</ref> On March 22, 2025, Bugg score ein first professional goal insyd a 2–1 road win over de North Carolina Courage, settling a cleared ball den lacing am into de goal from distance.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reignfc.com/news/jordyn-bugg-scores-first-professional-goal|title=Jordyn Bugg Scores First Professional Goal|date=2025-03-22|publisher=[[Seattle Reign FC]]|access-date=2025-03-23}}</ref> De goal be named NWSL Goal of de Week wey dem nominate am for de year ein FIFA Marta Award.<ref>{{cite tweet|author=Seattle Reign FC|author-link=Seattle Reign FC|user=reignfc|number=1904647718036726039|date=March 25, 2025|title=🗣️ Are you serious, Jordyn Bugg?! 🤯😮‍💨|language=en}}</ref> On June 14, she score de last-minute 2–2 equalizer against de Chicago Stars, securing a point give Seattle from a two-goal deficit.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sounderatheart.com/2025/06/reign-fight-back-for-2-2-draw-at-chicago/|title=Reign fight back for 2-2 draw at Chicago|last=Eden|first=June Ash|website=Sounder at Heart|date=2025-06-14|access-date=2025-06-18}}</ref> She be named to de NWSL Team of de Month for March den June.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NWSL |date=2025-04-04 |title=NWSL Announces March Best XI of the Month, Presented By Amazon Prime |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-march-best-xi-of-the-month-presented-by-amazon-prime |access-date=2025-04-05 |publisher=[[National Women's Soccer League]] |language=en}}</ref> She fini ein first full season plus 3 result-changing goals den 25 regular-season appearances plus only center back partner [[Phoebe McClernon]] logging more field minutes give de Reign.<ref>{{cite web |title=2025 Seattle Reign FC Stats |url=https://fbref.com/en/squads/257fad2b/2025/Seattle-Reign-FC-Stats |access-date=2025-11-13 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> She help de club fini fifth den qualify for de playoffs, losing 2–0 to de Orlando Pride insyd de quarterfinals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jordyn Bugg 2025 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/c5ca9ed9/matchlogs/2025/Jordyn-Bugg-Match-Logs |access-date=2025-11-13 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> Na she be one of five nominees for NWSL Defender of de Year, wich go to [[Tara McKeown]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sounderatheart.com/2025/11/three-seattle-reign-players-up-for-nwsl-awards/|title=Three Seattle Reign players up for NWSL awards|last=Rantz|first=Susie|date=2025-11-10|website=Sounder at Heart|access-date=2025-11-13}}</ref> wey na dem name am to de NWSL Best XI Second Team.<ref>{{cite web |title=Players step out and celebrate 2025 season at NWSL Awards presented by AT&T |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/players-step-out-and-celebrate-2025-season-at-nwsl-awards-presented-by-at-t |access-date=November 20, 2025 |website=NWSL.com |language=en}}</ref> 0aksh8muo7d2g8c5qiga71ogwwd7oby Category:Angel City FC draft picks 14 29722 110133 2026-08-18T14:59:06Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 110133 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Miami Hurricanes women's soccer players 14 29723 110140 2026-08-18T15:17:24Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 110140 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Stade de Reims Féminines players 14 29724 110142 2026-08-18T15:17:35Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 110142 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:People wey komot Shoreham, New York 14 29725 110143 2026-08-18T15:17:46Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 110143 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Soccer players wey komot Suffolk County, New York 14 29726 110144 2026-08-18T15:17:57Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 110144 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:People wey komot Hanson, Massachusetts 14 29727 110172 2026-08-18T16:37:28Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 110172 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Utah Royals FC draft picks 14 29728 110173 2026-08-18T16:40:46Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 110173 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Template:Subout 10 29729 110174 2026-08-18T16:49:41Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh template 110174 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#ifeq: {{{4}}}|s|<span style="display:none;">{{{1}}}.</span>|<span style="display:none;">{{{4}}}.</span>}} [[Substitute (association football)|off]] <span style="vertical-align:middle;">{{{1}}}'</span> ([[Substitute (association football)|on]] {{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#if:{{{5|}}}|[[{{{5}}}|{{{3}}}]]|[[{{{2}}} {{{3}}}|{{{3}}}]]}}|{{{2}}}}}|{{#if:{{{5|}}}|[[{{{5}}}|{{{3}}}]]|[[{{{3}}}]]}}}})</includeonly><noinclude>{{doc}} </noinclude> g0gk0gwbub6tibbgc0g6rmir6gcqy7g Template:Football international goals keys 10 29730 110175 2026-08-18T16:50:54Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh template 110175 wikitext text/x-wiki {|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="min-width:85%" !colspan=2| Key {{#ifeq:{{{olympic world cup final|}}}|y| <span style="font-weight:lighter;">(expand for notes on "world cup and olympic goals")</span>| <span style="font-weight:lighter;">(expand for notes on "international goals" and sorting)</span> }} |- |width="80"|'''Location''' |Geographic location of the venue where the competition occurred{{#ifeq: {{{olympic world cup final|}}}|y||<br/>Sorted by country name first, then by city name}} |- |'''Lineup''' |Start – played entire match<br/>[[Substitute (association football)|on]] ''minute'' ([[Substitute (association football)|off]] ''player'') – substituted on at the ''minute'' indicated, and ''player'' was substituted off at the same time<br/> [[Substitute (association football)|off]] ''minute'' ([[Substitute (association football)|on]] ''player'') – substituted off at the ''minute'' indicated, and ''player'' was substituted on at the same time<br/> (<span style="font-family:Copperplate gothic bold;">[[Captain (association football)|c]]</span>) – [[Captain (association football)|captain]]{{#ifeq: {{{olympic world cup final|}}}|y||<br/>Sorted by minutes played}} |- {{#ifeq:{{{num|{{#if:{{{olympic world cup final|}}}|n|y}}}}}|n|| {{!}}'''Goal in match''' {{!}}''Goal''''' of '''''total goals'' by the player in the match<br/>Sorted by ''total goals'' followed by ''goal number'' }} |- <noinclude> Please do NOT remove this row. Template is used in many tables that are still using this notation</noinclude> {{#ifeq:{{{number|{{#if:{{{olympic world cup final|}}}|n|y}}}}}|n|| {{!}}'''#''' {{!}}'''NumberOfGoals.goalNumber''' scored by the player in the match (alternate notation to '''Goal in match''') }} |- |'''Min''' |The minute in the match the goal was scored. For list that include caps, blank indicates played in the match but did not score a goal. |- |'''Assist/pass''' |The ball was passed by the player, which [[Assist (association football)|assisted]] in scoring the goal. This column depends on the availability and source of this information. |- |''penalty'' or ''pk'' |Goal scored on [[Penalty kick (association football)|penalty-kick]] which was awarded due to foul by opponent. (Goals scored in penalty-shoot-out, at the end of a tied match after extra-time, are not included.) |- |'''Score''' |The match score after the goal was scored.{{#ifeq:{{{olympic world cup final|}}}|y||<br/>Sorted by goal difference, then by goal scored by the player's team}} |- |'''Result''' |The final score.{{#if:{{{score_notes|{{#if:{{{olympic world cup final|}}}|y}}}}}|<br/> [[Association football|W]] – match was won<br/> [[Association football|L]] – match was lost to opponent<br/> [[Association football|D]] – match was drawn<br/> ([[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|W]]) – penalty-shoot-out was won after a drawn match<br/> ([[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|L]]) – penalty-shoot-out was lost after a drawn match}}{{#ifeq:{{{olympic world cup final|}}}|y||<br/> Sorted by goal difference in the match, then by goal difference in penalty-shoot-out if it is taken, followed by goal scored by the player's team in the match, then by goal scored in the penalty-shoot-out. For matches with identical final scores, match ending in extra-time without penalty-shoot-out is a tougher match, therefore precede matches that ended in regulation}} |- |aet |The score at the end of [[Overtime (sports)|extra-time]]; the match was tied at the end of 90' regulation |- |pso |[[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|Penalty-shoot-out]] score shown in parentheses; the match was tied at the end of extra-time |- {{fb bg friendly match}} {{#ifeq:{{{fm|{{#if:{{{olympic world cup final|}}}|n|y}}}}}|n|| {{!}} {{!!}} ''Green background color'' – [[Exhibition game|exhibition]] or closed door international friendly match }} |- {{fb bg invitational tournament}} {{#ifeq:{{{it|{{#if:{{{olympic world cup final|}}}|n|y}}}}}|n|| {{!}} {{!!}}''Yellow background color'' – match at an invitational tournament }} |- {{fb bg olympic qualification}} {{#ifeq:{{{oq|{{#if:{{{olympic world cup final|}}}|n|y}}}}}|n|| {{!}} {{!!}}''Red background color'' – Olympic women's football qualification match }} |- {{fb bg world cup qualification}} {{#ifeq:{{{wq|{{#if:{{{olympic world cup final|}}}|n|y}}}}}|n|| {{!}} {{!!}}''Light-blue background color'' – FIFA women's world cup qualification match }} |- {{fb bg regional tournament}} {{#ifeq:{{{rt|{{#if:{{{olympic world cup final|}}}|n|y}}}}}|n|| {{!}} {{!!}}''Orange background color'' – Continental Games or regional tournament }} |- {{fb bg olympic tournament}} {{#ifeq:{{{ot|y}}}|n|| {{!}} {{!!}}''Pink background color'' – Olympic women's football tournament }} |- {{fb bg world cup final tournament}} {{#ifeq:{{{wf|y}}}|n|| {{!}} {{!!}}''Blue background color'' – FIFA women's world cup final tournament }} |- {{#ifeq:{{{notes|{{#if:{{{olympic world cup final|}}}|n|y}}}}}|n|| {{!}}colspan=2{{!}}<small>{{#ifeq:{{{rt|{{#if:{{{olympic world cup final|}}}|n|y}}}}}|n||NOTE on background colors: Continental Games or regional tournament are sometimes also qualifier for World Cup or Olympics; information depends on the source such as the player's federation.}}</small> <small>NOTE: some keys may not apply for a particular football player</small> }} |}<noinclude> {{documentation|content= == Usage == {{tlc|Football international goals keys}} == Optional parameters == * To add score notes, use {{para|score_notes|y}} * To restrict the background color keys to only Olympic tournaments and World cup final tournaments, use {{para|olympic world cup final|y}} * To remove individual background keys, use {{para|fm|n}}, {{para|it|n}}, {{para|oq|n}}, {{para|wq|n}}, {{para|rt|n}}, {{para|ot|n}}, and {{para|wf|n}} }} [[Category:Fb bg templates| ]] </noinclude> 91i77zvfhk8ahniqih37ydxe4b5x6xa Template:Fb bg invitational tournament 10 29731 110176 2026-08-18T16:51:56Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh template 110176 wikitext text/x-wiki style="background:#ffff90;"<noinclude> [[Category:Fb bg templates]] </noinclude> bfnq6dzy2krpye9llpr8z3899sj4e24 Template:!! 10 29732 110178 2026-08-18T16:55:42Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh template 110178 wikitext text/x-wiki ||<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> o9jjx0pl1nk3xv3maqyewo5ud79pa5g Naomi Girma 0 29733 110180 2026-08-18T17:26:02Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367108907|Naomi Girma]]" 110180 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Naomi Haile Girma''' (born June 14, 2000) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a center back give Women's Super League club Chelsea den de United States national team. Girma play college soccer give de Stanford Cardinal, wich she captain to de 2019 national championship. San Diego Wave FC select am first overall insyd de 2022 NWSL Draft. She win NWSL Rookie of de Year wey na dem name am NWSL Defender of de Year insyd both of ein first two seasons, helping lead San Diego to de NWSL Shield insyd 2023. Insyd 2025, she sign plus Chelsea for a reported $1.1&nbsp;million transfer fee, a women's soccer world record. Girma play give de United States at de under-17, under-19, den under-20 levels before making ein senior debut insyd 2022. She be named U.S. Soccer Female Player of de Year insyd 2023. She win gold plus de United States at de [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2024 Paris Olympics]], playing every minute of de tournament. == Early life den college career == Na dem born Girma insyd San Jose, California, to parents Girma Aweke den Seble Demissie, both Ethiopian immigrants wey meet insyd de Bay Area.<ref name="myscience">{{cite news|url=https://www.myscience.org/news/wire/stanford_soccer_captain_naomi_girma_is_a_product_of_her_ethiopian_roots-2020-stanford|title=Stanford soccer captain Naomi Girma is a product of her Ethiopian roots|date=May 29, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=myScience}}</ref><ref name="si2">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2022/06/29/naomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover|title=The Support System That Sparked a USWNT Opportunity|date=June 29, 2022|access-date=August 4, 2022|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham|author-link=Gwendolyn Oxenham}}</ref><ref name="sa2">{{cite news|url=https://www.socceramerica.com/publications/article/85750/rising-us-star-naomi-girma-on-prepping-for-postp.html|title=Rising U.S. star Naomi Girma on prepping for postponed U-20 World Cup, virtual team-building, and falling in love with soccer with a free-play start|date=May 29, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=[[Soccer America]]|first=Mike|last=Woitalla}}</ref> She get one bro, Nathaniel, wey be three years older.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Armour |first=Nancy |date=July 25, 2024 |orig-date=July 25, 2024 |title=How USA's Naomi Girma became 'one of the best defenders in the world' for Olympics |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/columnist/nancy-armour/2024/07/25/naomi-girma-uswnt-paris-olympics/74498047007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812022846/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/columnist/nancy-armour/2024/07/25/naomi-girma-uswnt-paris-olympics/74498047007/ |archive-date=August 12, 2024 |access-date=September 19, 2024 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref> Ein family dey speak both Amharic den English.<ref name="si2" /><ref name="sa2" /> Insyd ein youth, Girma play give Maleda Soccer Club, a local club wich ein poppie coach.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma: Journey of the world's most expensive female player |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cd65jn94j60o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> She attend Hacienda Elementary School den YMCA after-school basketball matches, following insyd ein bro ein footsteps insyd sports.<ref name="si2" /><ref name="sa2" /> She sanso practice gymnastics for five years before settling on soccer insyd middle school.<ref name="sa2" /> Girma join local youth club Central Valley Crossfire between de ages of 9 den 17.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma: Journey of the world's most expensive female player |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cd65jn94j60o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Playing under Crossfire coach Bob Joyce, Girma be encouraged to participate insyd Olympic Development Program events wey na dem call am into de United States under-14 national team camp. She subsequently cam be a guest player give De Anza Force,<ref name="si2">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2022/06/29/naomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover|title=The Support System That Sparked a USWNT Opportunity|date=June 29, 2022|access-date=August 4, 2022|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham|author-link=Gwendolyn Oxenham}}<cite id="CITEREFOxenham2022" class="citation magazine cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[[Gwendolyn Oxenham|Oxenham, Gwendolyn]] (June 29, 2022). [https://www.si.com/soccer/2022/06/29/naomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover "The Support System That Sparked a USWNT Opportunity"]. ''[[Sports Illustrated]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=The+Support+System+That+Sparked+a+USWNT+Opportunity&rft.date=2022-06-29&rft.aulast=Oxenham&rft.aufirst=Gwendolyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.com%2Fsoccer%2F2022%2F06%2F29%2Fnaomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgpe.wikipedia.org%3ANaomi+Girma" class="Z3988" data-ve-ignore=""></span></ref> wey she sanso play give de California Thorns Academy<ref name="sa2">{{cite news|url=https://www.socceramerica.com/publications/article/85750/rising-us-star-naomi-girma-on-prepping-for-postp.html|title=Rising U.S. star Naomi Girma on prepping for postponed U-20 World Cup, virtual team-building, and falling in love with soccer with a free-play start|date=May 29, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=[[Soccer America]]|first=Mike|last=Woitalla}}<cite id="CITEREFWoitalla2020" class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">Woitalla, Mike (May 29, 2020). [https://www.socceramerica.com/publications/article/85750/rising-us-star-naomi-girma-on-prepping-for-postp.html "Rising U.S. star Naomi Girma on prepping for postponed U-20 World Cup, virtual team-building, and falling in love with soccer with a free-play start"]. [[Soccer America]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rising+U.S.+star+Naomi+Girma+on+prepping+for+postponed+U-20+World+Cup%2C+virtual+team-building%2C+and+falling+in+love+with+soccer+with+a+free-play+start&rft.date=2020-05-29&rft.aulast=Woitalla&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.socceramerica.com%2Fpublications%2Farticle%2F85750%2Frising-us-star-naomi-girma-on-prepping-for-postp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgpe.wikipedia.org%3ANaomi+Girma" class="Z3988" data-ve-ignore=""></span></ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Medrano |first=Sofia |date=July 26, 2022 |title=Where the New Age of the USWNT Played Club Soccer |url=https://girlssoccernetwork.com/where-the-new-age-of-the-uswnt-played-club-soccer/ |access-date=August 4, 2022 |publisher=Girls Soccer Network}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Medrano |first=Sofia |date=July 26, 2022 |title=Where the New Age of the USWNT Played Club Soccer |url=https://girlssoccernetwork.com/where-the-new-age-of-the-uswnt-played-club-soccer/ |access-date=August 4, 2022 |publisher=Girls Soccer Network}}</ref> den Pioneer High School.<ref name="sa2" /> She commit to play college soccer at Stanford University wen na she be a sophomore.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://gostanford.com/news/2020/12/10/it-takes-a-village|title=It Takes a Village|date=December 10, 2020|publisher=[[Stanford Cardinal]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> She be ranked by ''TopDrawerSoccer'' as de fifth-best college prospect of de 2018 class den part of Stanford ein top-ranked cohort alongside [[Sophia Wilson|Sophia Smith]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/college-soccer-articles/final-2018-womens-di-recruiting-rankings_aid44486|title=Final 2018 Women's DI Recruiting Rankings|date=August 14, 2018|website=[[TopDrawerSoccer]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> === Stanford Cardinal === Girma play all buh one game give de Stanford Cardinal insyd ein freshman season insyd 2018, making 23 appearances (22 starts),<ref name=":0" /> featuring alongside senior Alana Cook insyd central defense.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://gostanford.com/news/2018/11/07/leaders-of-the-pac|title=Leaders of the Pac|date=November 7, 2018|publisher=[[Stanford Cardinal]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> De reigning national champions fini de regular season undefeated, claiming de Pac-12 Conference for de fourth time insyd a row.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://stanforddaily.com/2018/11/05/women-clinch-pac-12-conference-championship/|title=Women's soccer clinch Pac-12 Conference Championship|date=November 5, 2018|newspaper=[[The Stanford Daily]]|access-date=January 23, 2025|last=Zhang|first=Cybele}}</ref> Insyd de NCAA tournament, Girma play every minute for No. 1–seeded Stanford,<ref name=":0" /> scoring ein first two college goals insyd dema 4–1 win against Ole Miss insyd de second round,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.paloaltoonline.com/sports/2018/11/16/unlikely-goal-scorer-helps-stanford-advance-in-ncaa-soccer/|title=Unlikely scorer helps Stanford advance in NCAA soccer|date=November 16, 2018|newspaper=[[Palo Alto Weekly]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> as dem reach de semifinals, losing 2–0 to eventual champions No. 1 Florida State.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/story/_/id/25421467/florida-state-ends-stanford-45-game-unbeaten-run-ncaa-women-soccer-semifinal|title=FSU ends Stanford's 45-game unbeaten run in NCAA women's soccer semifinal|date=November 30, 2018|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> She be named to de All-Pac-12 third team, Pac-12 all-freshman team, den ''TopDrawerSoccer'' Freshman Best XI first team at de end of the season.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Penn_State_Women's_Soccer,_Stanford,_Linnehan_(12)_1_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb|Girma (right) dey play give Stanford insyd 2019]] Girma cam be team captain wey she start all 25 games insyd ein sophomore season insyd 2019, playing every minute of all buh five games,<ref name=":0" /> mostly alongside senior Sam Hiatt.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://stanforddaily.com/2019/11/16/like-a-broken-record-catarina-macario-womens-soccer-could-not-stop-scoring/|title=Like a broken record, Catarina Macario, women's soccer could not stop scoring|last=Martinez-Krams|first=Daniel|date=November 16, 2019|newspaper=[[The Stanford Daily]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Stanford loose only one non-conference game insyd de regular season on de way to dema fifth consecutive Pac-12 championship,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://stanforddaily.com/2019/11/12/tournament-hopes-high-for-top-seeded-womens-soccer/|title=Tournament hopes high for top-seeded women's soccer|date=November 12, 2019|last=Martinez-Krams|first=Daniel|newspaper=[[The Stanford Daily]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> wey Girma scoring insyd de last two games of de regular season.<ref name=":0" /> Insyd de NCAA tournament, No. 1 seeds Stanford advance to de title game after a 4–1 win against No. 2 UCLA insyd de semifinals. Girma help hold No. 1 North Carolina to a 0–0 draw after extra time, before scoring ein penalty kick insyd de resulting shootout as Stanford goalkeeper Katie Meyer make two penalty saves to bring Stanford dema third national title.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/28059417/best-2019-women-ncaa-soccer-tournament-stanford-beats-unc-shootout-take-college-cup|title=Best of the 2019 women's NCAA soccer tournament: Stanford beats UNC in shootout to take College Cup|date=December 9, 2019|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Girma be named de tournament ein Most Outstanding Defensive Player along plus earning Pac-12 Defender of de Year, first-team All-Pac-12, den first-team All-American honors.<ref name=":0" /> Girma miss ein entire junior season, wich be disrupted by de COVID-19 pandemic, after tearing ein ACL.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 19, 2021 |title=Women's soccer looking for win to open 2021 season |url=https://www.stanforddaily.com/2021/02/18/womens-soccer-to-open-2021-season/ |publisher=The Stanford Daily}}</ref> During ein recovery, she apply to wey dem accept am into de Mayfield Fellows Program for entrepreneurship at Stanford.<ref name="si2">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2022/06/29/naomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover|title=The Support System That Sparked a USWNT Opportunity|date=June 29, 2022|access-date=August 4, 2022|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham|author-link=Gwendolyn Oxenham}}<cite id="CITEREFOxenham2022" class="citation magazine cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[[Gwendolyn Oxenham|Oxenham, Gwendolyn]] (June 29, 2022). [https://www.si.com/soccer/2022/06/29/naomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover "The Support System That Sparked a USWNT Opportunity"]. ''[[Sports Illustrated]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=The+Support+System+That+Sparked+a+USWNT+Opportunity&rft.date=2022-06-29&rft.aulast=Oxenham&rft.aufirst=Gwendolyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.com%2Fsoccer%2F2022%2F06%2F29%2Fnaomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgpe.wikipedia.org%3ANaomi+Girma" class="Z3988" data-ve-ignore=""></span></ref> Girma return to action as a senior insyd de fall of 2021, starting all 20 games den dey play every minute of all buh four of dem.<ref name=":0" /> Stanford fini de season fourth insyd de Pac-12 Conference,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://pac-12.com/news/2021/11/12/ncaa-womens-soccer-tournament-ucla-usc-stanford-washington-state-national-championship|title=NCAA Women's Soccer Tournament: One reason each Pac-12 team can win the 2021 College Cup|last=Kelapire|first=Ryan|date=November 12, 2021|publisher=[[Pac-12 Conference]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> losing to Santa Clara insyd de first round of de NCAA tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 13, 2021 |title=2021 DI Women's Soccer Championship - First Round |url=https://www.ncaa.com/game/5908494/play-by-play |access-date=January 23, 2025 |publisher=[[National Collegiate Athletic Association]]}}</ref> Despite de down season, Girma be named Pac-12 Defender of de Year, first-team All-Pac-12, den first-team All-American, all for de second time.<ref name=":0" /> Following de season, she decide to forgo ein remaining college eligibility wey she declare for de 2022 NWSL Draft.<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1471622958049374209|user=naomi_girma|title=Thank you, Stanford 🖤|date=December 16, 2021}}</ref> She graduate plus a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree insyd symbolic systems insyd 2022<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sports/soccer/story/2021-12-23/stanford-star-nwsl-sdwave-soccer-marta-naomi-girma|title=Naomi Girma captained national champs, earned degree|date=December 23, 2021|access-date=August 4, 2022|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|first=Tom|last=Krasovic}}</ref> wey she continue dey pursue a master's degree insyd management science den engineering after becoming a professional soccer player.<ref name="si2">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2022/06/29/naomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover|title=The Support System That Sparked a USWNT Opportunity|date=June 29, 2022|access-date=August 4, 2022|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham|author-link=Gwendolyn Oxenham}}<cite id="CITEREFOxenham2022" class="citation magazine cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[[Gwendolyn Oxenham|Oxenham, Gwendolyn]] (June 29, 2022). [https://www.si.com/soccer/2022/06/29/naomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover "The Support System That Sparked a USWNT Opportunity"]. ''[[Sports Illustrated]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=The+Support+System+That+Sparked+a+USWNT+Opportunity&rft.date=2022-06-29&rft.aulast=Oxenham&rft.aufirst=Gwendolyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.com%2Fsoccer%2F2022%2F06%2F29%2Fnaomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgpe.wikipedia.org%3ANaomi+Girma" class="Z3988" data-ve-ignore=""></span></ref> == Club career == === San Diego Wave === Expansion side San Diego Wave FC select Girma plus de first overall pick of de 2022 NWSL Draft.<ref name="si2">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2022/06/29/naomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover|title=The Support System That Sparked a USWNT Opportunity|date=June 29, 2022|access-date=August 4, 2022|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham|author-link=Gwendolyn Oxenham}}<cite id="CITEREFOxenham2022" class="citation magazine cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[[Gwendolyn Oxenham|Oxenham, Gwendolyn]] (June 29, 2022). [https://www.si.com/soccer/2022/06/29/naomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover "The Support System That Sparked a USWNT Opportunity"]. ''[[Sports Illustrated]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=The+Support+System+That+Sparked+a+USWNT+Opportunity&rft.date=2022-06-29&rft.aulast=Oxenham&rft.aufirst=Gwendolyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.com%2Fsoccer%2F2022%2F06%2F29%2Fnaomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgpe.wikipedia.org%3ANaomi+Girma" class="Z3988" data-ve-ignore=""></span></ref> She make ein professional debut insyd de Wave ein inaugural game on March 19, 2022, starting insyd a 1–1 draw against Angel City FC insyd de group stage of de NWSL Challenge Cup.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sdnews.com/sd-wave-earns-first-point-after-draw-with-angel-city/|title=SD Wave earns first point after draw with Angel City|last=Trujillo|first=Hector|date=March 21, 2022|website=SDNews.com|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> She start 19 games insyd de 2022 regular season,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://fbref.com/en/squads/bf961da0/2022/San-Diego-Wave-Stats|title=2022 San Diego Wave Stats (NWSL)|website=[[FBref.com]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> featuring primarily alongside Kaleigh Riehl insyd central defense after Abby Dahlkemper be injured.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestriker.com/2022/11/22/riehl-resigns-found-new-home|title=Kaleigh Riehl has found her home|last=Balleweg|first=Joey|date=November 22, 2022|website=The Striker|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> San Diego place third insyd de league, becoming de first expansion team to qualify for de playoffs insyd dema first season.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2022/10/20/what-to-know-about-san-diego-wave-fc-amid-their-historic-playoff-run/|title=What to know about San Diego Wave FC amid their historic playoff run|last=Rico|first=Carlos|date=October 20, 2022|newspaper=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Insyd de playoffs, dem beat de Chicago Red Stars 2–1 insyd de quarterfinals before losing to de Portland Thorns 2–1 insyd de semifinals.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sandiegowavefc.com/san-diego-wave-fc-finishes-historic-first-season-in-portland/|title=San Diego Wave FC Finishes Historic First Season in Portland|date=October 23, 2022|publisher=[[San Diego Wave FC]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> During ein rookie season, Girma be name insyd de NWSL Best XI of de Month four times wey dem vote am NWSL Rookie of de Month two times. She sanso be named insyd de end-of-year NWSL Best XI First Team<ref name="NWSLXI22">{{Cite web |date=November 3, 2022 |title=NWSL Announces Winners of Mastercard Best XI Awards |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-winners-of-mastercard-best-xi-awards |access-date=October 25, 2022 |website=NWSL Soccer}}</ref> wey she receive both de NWSL Rookie of de Year den NWSL Defender of de Year awards, becoming de first NWSL player to win multiple end-of-year individual awards insyd ein rookie season,<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=San Diego Wave FC Defender Naomi Girma Named 2022 NWSL Rookie of the Year, Presented by Ally |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/san-diego-wave-fc-defender-naomi-girma-named-2022-nwsl-rookie-of-the-year-presented-by-ally |access-date=November 3, 2022 |website=NWSL Soccer}}</ref> wey na dem nominate am for NWSL Most Valuable Player, losing to Sophia Smith.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2022/10/27/sophia-smith-nwsl-mvp-2022/|title=Sophia Smith wins 2022 NWSL MVP Award|last=Kriger|first=Rachael|date=October 27, 2022|website=The Equalizer|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> [[File:Naomi_Girma_(cropped_2).jpg|right|thumb|Girma plus de Wave insyd 2023]] On June 14, 2023, de Wave announce say dem sign Girma to a new contract thru 2026.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37850654/uswnt-naomi-girma-renews-san-diego-wave-fc-contract-2026|title=USWNT's Naomi Girma renews San Diego Wave FC contract through 2026|date=June 14, 2023|access-date=June 14, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Cesar|last=Hernandez}}</ref> She start 19 games during de 2023 regular season,<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 San Diego Wave Stats (NWSL) |url=https://fbref.com/en/squads/bf961da0/2023/San-Diego-Wave-Stats |access-date=January 23, 2025 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> helping de team concede only 22 goals thru out de season (second insyd de NWSL).<ref name="JWS232">{{cite news|url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/naomi-girma-wins-nwsl-defender-of-the-year-in-back-to-back-seasons/|title=Naomi Girma Wins NWSL Defender of the Year in Back-to-Back Seasons|last=Hruby|first=Emma|date=November 8, 2023|website=[[Just Women's Sports]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> San Diego win de NWSL Shield plus de league ein best record, buh dem loose 1–0 to OL Reign insyd de semifinals.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/san-diego-wave-out-of-nwsl-championship-in-home-field-loss-to-reign/3347107/|title=San Diego Wave out of NWSL championship in home-field loss to Reign|date=November 6, 2023|publisher=[[KNSD]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Girma be named insyd de NWSL Best XI of de Month three times during de season.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/san-diego-wave-fc-centerback-naomi-girma-named-2023-nwsl-defender-of-the-year|title=San Diego Wave FC Centerback Naomi Girma Named 2023 NWSL Defender of the Year|date=November 8, 2023|publisher=[[National Women's Soccer League]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> At de end of de year, she be named insyd de NWSL Best XI First Team wey she win NWSL Defender of de Year for a second year insyd a row, becoming de second player to win de award multiple times after Becky Sauerbrunn.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/sports/wave-star-naomi-girma-bags-back-to-back-nwsl-defender-of-the-year-honors/3350491/|title=Wave star Naomi Girma bags back-to-back NWSL Defender of the Year honors|last=Tripp|first=Darnay|date=November 8, 2023|publisher=[[KNSD]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> [[File:NC_Courage_vs_SD_Wave_(Oct_2024)_056.jpg|right|thumb|Girma plus de Wave insyd 2024]] Girma help de Shield holders win de season-opening 2024 NWSL Challenge Cup, shutting out defending playoff champions NJ/NY Gotham FC 1–0 on March 17, 2024.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2024/03/17/san-diego-wave-win-challenge-cup-1-0-gotham-fc/|title=Gotham FC fall to San Diego Wave in 2024 NWSL Challenge Cup|last=Tonelli|first=Jenna|date=March 17, 2024|website=The Equalizer|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> She play insyd a career-high 20 games insyd de 2024 regular season,<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 San Diego Wave Stats (NWSL) |url=https://fbref.com/en/squads/bf961da0/San-Diego-Wave-Stats |access-date=January 23, 2025 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> buh de Wave struggle to repeat dema success, finishing 10th of 14 teams den missing de playoffs for de first time.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.axios.com/local/san-diego/2024/12/03/wave-fc-club-president-jill-ellis-steps-down|title=Wave's 2025 season to mark beginning of a new chapter|last=Murphy|first=Kate|date=December 3, 2024|website=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Girma be named to de NWSL Best XI of de Month two times den de NWSL Best XI Second Team at de end of de year,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emerick |first=Tyler |date=November 18, 2024 |title=Wave Defender Naomi Girma Named to 2024 NWSL Best XI Second Team |url=https://bvmsports.com/2024/11/18/wave-defender-naomi-girma-named-to-2024-nwsl-best-xi-second-team/ |access-date=November 30, 2024 |website=BVM Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> wey dem san nominate am for NWSL Defender of de Year, losing to [[Emily Sams]]. === Chelsea === On January 26, 2025, Women's Super League club Chelsea announce say dem sign Girma on a four-and-a-half-year deal, unveiling am to fans on de same day before dema league match against Arsenal at Stamford Bridge.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 26, 2025 |title=Chelsea sign defender Girma for world record fee |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cp8qmeleld4o |access-date=January 26, 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> De transfer fee reported be approximately $1.1&nbsp;million (£890,000), breaking de world record for a women's soccer transfer wey dey make Girma de first ever women's player to be sold for over $1&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 26, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma transfer: Chelsea complete world-record deal to sign USA defender from San Diego Wave |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/13297010/naomi-girma-transfer-chelsea-complete-world-record-deal-to-sign-usa-defender-from-san-diego-wave |access-date=January 26, 2025 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> She miss de start of de season secof injury,<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 28, 2025 |title=Chelsea Women: World record signing Naomi Girma 'should' be in squad against Brighton |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c3e44lj5899o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> wey she make ein debut give de club during a 2–2 draw against Brighton &amp;amp; Hove Albion on March 2.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2025 |title=Brighton & Hove Albion v Chelsea: Girma makes debut but Chelsea draw with Brighton |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cm2n9wz4kkvt |access-date=March 2, 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma: 'It was nice to finally have her on the pitch' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cq6y97ld11mo |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Girma score ein first goal for Chelsea insyd an FA Cup match against Manchester United on February 22, 2026, scoring insyd extra time to help Chelsea qualify give de quarterfinals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naomi Girma on her landmark goal and a big team effort |url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/article/naomi-girma-on-her-landmark-goal-and-a-big-team-effort |website=www.chelseafc.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2026 |title=USWNT Abroad: Naomi Girma’s 99th-minute winner for Chelsea FC headlines dramatic European weekend &#124; Goal.com UK |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/lists/uswnt-abroad-naomi-girma-s-game-winning-thriller-tullis-joyce-works-over-time-and-heaps-takes-care-of-midfield-magic-for-ol-lyonnes/bltf91ce90b198fa0cf |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Fleming|first=Ciara|date=February 22, 2026|title=Chelsea, Arsenal and Man City into Women's FA Cup quarters|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cz7gl15xjg5o|access-date=February 24, 2026|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> == International career == Girma compete on de United States under-17, under-19 den under-20 den senior national teams.<ref name=":0" /> She captain de under-20 team to win de 2020 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship under head coach Laura Harvey.<ref name="si2" /><ref name="auto12">{{cite press release|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/12/girma-wins-2020-us-soccer-young-female-player-of-the-year|title=Naomi Girma Voted 2020 U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of the Year|date=December 21, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]}}</ref> Insyd December 2020, Girma win de 2020 U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of de Year award.<ref name="si2" /><ref name="auto12" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.frontrowsoccer.com/2020/12/21/u-s-soccer-honors-girma-named-young-female-player-of-the-year/|title=U.S. SOCCER HONORS: Girma named young female player of the year|date=December 21, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=Front Row Soccer}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://justwomenssports.com/stanfords-naomi-girma-is-staying-focused-on-the-present/|title=Stanford's Naomi Girma is staying focused on present|date=January 19, 2021|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=Just Women's Sports|first=Sydney|last=Shaw}}</ref> Girma receive ein first call-up to de United States senior team insyd December 2019 buh an she for withdraw secof injury.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://wsoccerexpress.com/2019/12/03/uswnt-december-2019-identification-camp-roster-announced-overview/|title=USWNT: December 2019 Identification Camp Roster Announced (Overview)|date=December 3, 2019}}</ref> She sanso be called up insyd October 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/vlatko-andonovskis-uswnt-camp-roster-features-nwsl-mainstays-and-brazil-born-stanford-star-catarina-macario/|title=Vlatko Andonovski's USWNT camp roster features NWSL mainstays and Brazil-born Stanford star Catarina Macario|date=October 9, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|work=[[CBS Sports]]|first=Sandra|last=Herrera}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://justwomenssports.com/stanfords-naomi-girma-on-national-team-camp-and-using-her-platform/|title=Stanford's Naomi Girma on National Team Camp and Using Her Platform|date=October 19, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=Just Women's Sports|first=Sydney|last=Shaw}}</ref> She debut give de senior national team on April 12, 2022, insyd an international friendly against Uzbekistan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2022/04/14/naomi-girma-uswnt-debut-nwsl-rookie-interview-san-diego-wave-top-pick/|title=Naomi Girma is not your average rookie|date=April 14, 2022|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=The Equalizer|first=Jeff|last=Kassouf}}</ref> She sanso appear insyd de 2022 CONCACAF W Championship, wey she register an assist on a goal by [[Sophia Wilson|Sophia Smith]] against Jamaica during de tournament.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lagconfidential.com/2022/7/13/23207095/naomi-girma-legit-uswnt-san-diego-wave|title=For club and country, Naomi Girma is legit|date=July 13, 2022|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=LAG Confidential|first=Alicia|last=Rodriguez}}</ref> Insyd June 2023, Girma be named to de US squad for de 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup insyd Australia den New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/65978315|title=Morgan and Rapinoe named in USA World Cup squad|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> She be a starting defender during de team ein first group stage match against Vietnam: a 3–0 shutout.<ref name="oursportscentral-2023-wwc-debut">{{Cite web |date=July 21, 2023 |title=Morgan Earns an Assist and Girma Secures Defensive Shutout in USA's Win Against Vietnam in 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup |url=https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/morgan-earns-an-assist-and-girma-secures-defensive-shutout-in-usas-win-against-vietnam-in-2023-fifa-womens-world-cup/n-5992414 |access-date=July 24, 2023 |publisher=Our Sports Central}}</ref> During de first half, she start de sequence wey lead to de U.S. ein second goal by lobbing de ball into de box to [[Alex Morgan]] wey head am to scorer [[Sophia Wilson|Sophia Smith]].<ref name="oursportscentral-2023-wwc-debut" /> Girma be named U.S. Soccer ein 2023 Female Player of de Year, becoming de first defender to win de award insyd ein history as na she be a part of a defense wey allow an average of just 0.17 goals per game during de year, de best insyd team history.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2024 |title=Naomi Girma named US Soccer's Female Player of the Year |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/naomi-girma-us-soccer-player-year-uswnt/ |access-date=January 14, 2024 |website=Just Women's Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Insyd 2024, Girma be called up to represent de US at de inaugural 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup den 2024 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USWNT vs. Brazil: Match Recap {{!}} 2024 Concacaf W Gold Cup Final |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/03/concacaf-w-gold-cup-final-uswnt-vs-brazil-score-stats-result-recap |access-date=June 26, 2024 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh • • |first=Sanjesh |date=April 10, 2024 |title=USWNT beats Canada to win 2024 SheBelieves Cup on penalties |url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/sports/soccer/uswnt-canada-shebelieves-cup-final-2024-score-result/3405963/ |access-date=June 26, 2024 |website=NBC Chicago |language=en-US}}</ref> Girma be selected to de 18-player roster for de [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2024 Summer Olympics]] insyd France.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5593017/2024/06/26/uswnt-olympics-roster-2024/|title=Alex Morgan not selected to USWNT for Paris Olympics: Full roster for 2024 Games|last=Linehan|first=Meg|date=June 26, 2024|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=June 26, 2024}}</ref> She widely be praised thru out de tournament as de team ein most important player.<ref name="A2412">{{cite news|url=https://www.allforxi.com/2024/8/6/24214869/naomi-girma-has-established-herself-as-the-uswnts-most-pivotal-player|title=Naomi Girma has established herself as the USWNT's most pivotal player|last=Musarurwa|first=Kudzi|date=August 6, 2024|website=All for XI|publisher=[[SB Nation]]|access-date=August 9, 2024}}</ref><ref name="EO242">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/40751304/uswnt-hayes-girma-best-defender-ever-seen|title=USWNT's Hayes calls Girma 'best defender I've ever seen'|date=August 6, 2024|last=Borden|first=Sam|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=August 9, 2024}}</ref> She be de only field player to play every minute of de tournament thru to de gold medal game against Brazil, wich de United States win 1–0 on a goal from [[Mallory Swanson]].<ref name="A2412" /><ref name="auto32">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/live-blogs/uswnt-brazil-live-updates-paris-olympics-2024-final-score-result/MSnNZ1Hpph4E/|title=USWNT vs Brazil live updates: Mallory Swanson breaks deadlock in Paris Olympics 2024 women's soccer final|last=Mathews|first=Max|date=August 10, 2024|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=August 10, 2024}}</ref> She score ein first den second international goals insyd a friendly match against Argentina on October 30, 2024, insyd Louisville, Kentucky.<ref name="Post-Argentina20242">{{cite news|last=Goff|first=Steven|date=October 30, 2024|title=USWNT wraps up camp with two goals for Naomi Girma and another win|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2024/10/30/uswnt-argentina-naomi-girma-rose-lavelle/|work=The Washington Post|url-access=limited|accessdate=October 31, 2024}}</ref> Insyd January 2025 she pull out of de US squad secof injury.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 11, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma: Women's world record signing misses USA squad with injury |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c4gx5776x20o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Style of play == Considered one of de best center backs insyd de world,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.90min.com/posts/the-best-defenders-women-world-cup-2023-ranked|title=The best defenders at the Women's World Cup 2023 - ranked|last=Spencer|first=Jamie|date=July 17, 2023|website=90min.com|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/39050145/2023-best-50-women-soccer-players-ranked-world|title=ESPN FC Women's Rank: World's 50 best soccer players of 2023|date=December 14, 2023|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/uswnt-defender-naomi-girma-inclusion-mental-health-future-exclusive-interview|title=USWNT Defender Naomi Girma on Championing Representation and Inclusion Across Football: 'I Want It to Be My Legacy|last=Hill|first=Courtney|date=July 24, 2024|publisher=[[Olympics]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> Girma be known for ein composure, intelligence, den leadership.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/columnist/nancy-armour/2023/07/24/naomi-girma-uswnt-athletic-skills-smarts-2023-world-cup/70454815007/|title=Brains and athleticism make Naomi Girma essential to the USWNT at 2023 World Cup|last=Armour|first=Nancy|date=July 24, 2023|website=[[USA Today]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref name="S232">{{cite news|url=https://www.starsandstripesfc.com/2023/7/18/23787664/2023-womens-world-cup-usa-uswnt-united-states-naomi-girma-defender-profile|title=Naomi Girma brings calm to USWNT defense|last=Wine II|first=Donald|date=July 18, 2023|website=Stars and Stripes FC|publisher=[[SB Nation]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> She previously be a central anaa defensive midfielder insyd ein youth before she be converted to center back at a youth national team camp.<ref name="J232">{{cite news|url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/naomi-girma-uswnt-womens-world-cup-stanford-nwsl/|title=Naomi Girma, the USWNT's Consummate Superstar|last=Watkins|first=Claire|date=July 17, 2023|website=[[Just Women's Sports]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref name="G23">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/jul/14/naomi-girma-uswnt-center-back-world-cup-soccer-2023|title=Naomi Girma: the brilliant scientist at the heart of USA's defense|last=Kassouf|first=Jeff|date=July 14, 2024|website=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> She dey anticipate play den dey position einself well to thwart attackers wey she fi use ein speed to beat opponents one-on-one.<ref name="J232" /><ref name="A232">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4109580/2023/01/20/naomi-girma-nwsl-uswnt/|title=What makes Naomi Girma key for USWNT and an NWSL standout with San Diego|last=Lowery|first=Joseph|date=January 20, 2023|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/article/2024/jul/24/uswnt-zambia-paris-olympics-2024-opener-preview-barbra-banda|title=US's immovable object will meet Zambia's unstoppable force in Olympic opener|last=Dure|first=Beau|date=July 24, 2024|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> She get good technical ability den dey pass well to set up plays.<ref name="S232" /><ref name="G23" /><ref name="A232" /> Insyd 2024, na United States head coach [[Emma Hayes]] say Girma be "de best defender I've ever seen".<ref name="EO242" /> Insyd December 2024 she be voted by ''The Guardian'' at de 10th place among de top 100 women's soccer players insyd de world.<ref name="Guarank24">{{Cite news|last=Laverty|first=Rich|last2=Duncan|first2=Pamela|last3=Blight|first3=Garry|last4=Bloor|first4=Steven|date=December 7, 2024|title=The 100 best female footballers in the world 2024|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2024/dec/03/the-100-best-female-footballers-in-the-world-2024|access-date=December 10, 2024|work=[[The Guardian]]|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == References == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 992hmkbjw3a8ht22bexlb914mgbyf84 110181 110180 2026-08-18T17:33:08Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 110181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Naomi Haile Girma''' (born June 14, 2000) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a center back give Women's Super League club Chelsea den de United States national team. Girma play college soccer give de Stanford Cardinal, wich she captain to de 2019 national championship. San Diego Wave FC select am first overall insyd de 2022 NWSL Draft. She win NWSL Rookie of de Year wey na dem name am NWSL Defender of de Year insyd both of ein first two seasons, helping lead San Diego to de NWSL Shield insyd 2023. Insyd 2025, she sign plus Chelsea for a reported $1.1&nbsp;million transfer fee, a women's soccer world record. Girma play give de United States at de under-17, under-19, den under-20 levels before making ein senior debut insyd 2022. She be named U.S. Soccer Female Player of de Year insyd 2023. She win gold plus de United States at de [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2024 Paris Olympics]], playing every minute of de tournament. == Early life den college career == Na dem born Girma insyd San Jose, California, to parents Girma Aweke den Seble Demissie, both Ethiopian immigrants wey meet insyd de Bay Area.<ref name="myscience">{{cite news|url=https://www.myscience.org/news/wire/stanford_soccer_captain_naomi_girma_is_a_product_of_her_ethiopian_roots-2020-stanford|title=Stanford soccer captain Naomi Girma is a product of her Ethiopian roots|date=May 29, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=myScience}}</ref><ref name="si2">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2022/06/29/naomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover|title=The Support System That Sparked a USWNT Opportunity|date=June 29, 2022|access-date=August 4, 2022|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham|author-link=Gwendolyn Oxenham}}</ref><ref name="sa2">{{cite news|url=https://www.socceramerica.com/publications/article/85750/rising-us-star-naomi-girma-on-prepping-for-postp.html|title=Rising U.S. star Naomi Girma on prepping for postponed U-20 World Cup, virtual team-building, and falling in love with soccer with a free-play start|date=May 29, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=[[Soccer America]]|first=Mike|last=Woitalla}}</ref> She get one bro, Nathaniel, wey be three years older.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Armour |first=Nancy |date=July 25, 2024 |orig-date=July 25, 2024 |title=How USA's Naomi Girma became 'one of the best defenders in the world' for Olympics |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/columnist/nancy-armour/2024/07/25/naomi-girma-uswnt-paris-olympics/74498047007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812022846/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/columnist/nancy-armour/2024/07/25/naomi-girma-uswnt-paris-olympics/74498047007/ |archive-date=August 12, 2024 |access-date=September 19, 2024 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref> Ein family dey speak both Amharic den English.<ref name="si2" /><ref name="sa2" /> Insyd ein youth, Girma play give Maleda Soccer Club, a local club wich ein poppie coach.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma: Journey of the world's most expensive female player |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cd65jn94j60o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> She attend Hacienda Elementary School den YMCA after-school basketball matches, following insyd ein bro ein footsteps insyd sports.<ref name="si2" /><ref name="sa2" /> She sanso practice gymnastics for five years before settling on soccer insyd middle school.<ref name="sa2" /> Girma join local youth club Central Valley Crossfire between de ages of 9 den 17.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma: Journey of the world's most expensive female player |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cd65jn94j60o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Playing under Crossfire coach Bob Joyce, Girma be encouraged to participate insyd Olympic Development Program events wey na dem call am into de United States under-14 national team camp. She subsequently cam be a guest player give De Anza Force,<ref name="si2">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2022/06/29/naomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover|title=The Support System That Sparked a USWNT Opportunity|date=June 29, 2022|access-date=August 4, 2022|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham|author-link=Gwendolyn Oxenham}}<cite id="CITEREFOxenham2022" class="citation magazine cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[[Gwendolyn Oxenham|Oxenham, Gwendolyn]] (June 29, 2022). [https://www.si.com/soccer/2022/06/29/naomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover "The Support System That Sparked a USWNT Opportunity"]. ''[[Sports Illustrated]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=The+Support+System+That+Sparked+a+USWNT+Opportunity&rft.date=2022-06-29&rft.aulast=Oxenham&rft.aufirst=Gwendolyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.com%2Fsoccer%2F2022%2F06%2F29%2Fnaomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgpe.wikipedia.org%3ANaomi+Girma" class="Z3988" data-ve-ignore=""></span></ref> wey she sanso play give de California Thorns Academy<ref name="sa2">{{cite news|url=https://www.socceramerica.com/publications/article/85750/rising-us-star-naomi-girma-on-prepping-for-postp.html|title=Rising U.S. star Naomi Girma on prepping for postponed U-20 World Cup, virtual team-building, and falling in love with soccer with a free-play start|date=May 29, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=[[Soccer America]]|first=Mike|last=Woitalla}}<cite id="CITEREFWoitalla2020" class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">Woitalla, Mike (May 29, 2020). [https://www.socceramerica.com/publications/article/85750/rising-us-star-naomi-girma-on-prepping-for-postp.html "Rising U.S. star Naomi Girma on prepping for postponed U-20 World Cup, virtual team-building, and falling in love with soccer with a free-play start"]. [[Soccer America]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rising+U.S.+star+Naomi+Girma+on+prepping+for+postponed+U-20+World+Cup%2C+virtual+team-building%2C+and+falling+in+love+with+soccer+with+a+free-play+start&rft.date=2020-05-29&rft.aulast=Woitalla&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.socceramerica.com%2Fpublications%2Farticle%2F85750%2Frising-us-star-naomi-girma-on-prepping-for-postp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgpe.wikipedia.org%3ANaomi+Girma" class="Z3988" data-ve-ignore=""></span></ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Medrano |first=Sofia |date=July 26, 2022 |title=Where the New Age of the USWNT Played Club Soccer |url=https://girlssoccernetwork.com/where-the-new-age-of-the-uswnt-played-club-soccer/ |access-date=August 4, 2022 |publisher=Girls Soccer Network}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Medrano |first=Sofia |date=July 26, 2022 |title=Where the New Age of the USWNT Played Club Soccer |url=https://girlssoccernetwork.com/where-the-new-age-of-the-uswnt-played-club-soccer/ |access-date=August 4, 2022 |publisher=Girls Soccer Network}}</ref> den Pioneer High School.<ref name="sa2" /> She commit to play college soccer at Stanford University wen na she be a sophomore.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://gostanford.com/news/2020/12/10/it-takes-a-village|title=It Takes a Village|date=December 10, 2020|publisher=[[Stanford Cardinal]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> She be ranked by ''TopDrawerSoccer'' as de fifth-best college prospect of de 2018 class den part of Stanford ein top-ranked cohort alongside [[Sophia Wilson|Sophia Smith]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/college-soccer-articles/final-2018-womens-di-recruiting-rankings_aid44486|title=Final 2018 Women's DI Recruiting Rankings|date=August 14, 2018|website=[[TopDrawerSoccer]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> === Stanford Cardinal === Girma play all buh one game give de Stanford Cardinal insyd ein freshman season insyd 2018, making 23 appearances (22 starts),<ref name=":0" /> featuring alongside senior Alana Cook insyd central defense.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://gostanford.com/news/2018/11/07/leaders-of-the-pac|title=Leaders of the Pac|date=November 7, 2018|publisher=[[Stanford Cardinal]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> De reigning national champions fini de regular season undefeated, claiming de Pac-12 Conference for de fourth time insyd a row.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://stanforddaily.com/2018/11/05/women-clinch-pac-12-conference-championship/|title=Women's soccer clinch Pac-12 Conference Championship|date=November 5, 2018|newspaper=[[The Stanford Daily]]|access-date=January 23, 2025|last=Zhang|first=Cybele}}</ref> Insyd de NCAA tournament, Girma play every minute for No. 1–seeded Stanford,<ref name=":0" /> scoring ein first two college goals insyd dema 4–1 win against Ole Miss insyd de second round,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.paloaltoonline.com/sports/2018/11/16/unlikely-goal-scorer-helps-stanford-advance-in-ncaa-soccer/|title=Unlikely scorer helps Stanford advance in NCAA soccer|date=November 16, 2018|newspaper=[[Palo Alto Weekly]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> as dem reach de semifinals, losing 2–0 to eventual champions No. 1 Florida State.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/story/_/id/25421467/florida-state-ends-stanford-45-game-unbeaten-run-ncaa-women-soccer-semifinal|title=FSU ends Stanford's 45-game unbeaten run in NCAA women's soccer semifinal|date=November 30, 2018|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> She be named to de All-Pac-12 third team, Pac-12 all-freshman team, den ''TopDrawerSoccer'' Freshman Best XI first team at de end of the season.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Penn_State_Women's_Soccer,_Stanford,_Linnehan_(12)_1_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb|Girma (right) dey play give Stanford insyd 2019]] Girma cam be team captain wey she start all 25 games insyd ein sophomore season insyd 2019, playing every minute of all buh five games,<ref name=":0" /> mostly alongside senior Sam Hiatt.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://stanforddaily.com/2019/11/16/like-a-broken-record-catarina-macario-womens-soccer-could-not-stop-scoring/|title=Like a broken record, Catarina Macario, women's soccer could not stop scoring|last=Martinez-Krams|first=Daniel|date=November 16, 2019|newspaper=[[The Stanford Daily]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Stanford loose only one non-conference game insyd de regular season on de way to dema fifth consecutive Pac-12 championship,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://stanforddaily.com/2019/11/12/tournament-hopes-high-for-top-seeded-womens-soccer/|title=Tournament hopes high for top-seeded women's soccer|date=November 12, 2019|last=Martinez-Krams|first=Daniel|newspaper=[[The Stanford Daily]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> wey Girma scoring insyd de last two games of de regular season.<ref name=":0" /> Insyd de NCAA tournament, No. 1 seeds Stanford advance to de title game after a 4–1 win against No. 2 UCLA insyd de semifinals. Girma help hold No. 1 North Carolina to a 0–0 draw after extra time, before scoring ein penalty kick insyd de resulting shootout as Stanford goalkeeper Katie Meyer make two penalty saves to bring Stanford dema third national title.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/28059417/best-2019-women-ncaa-soccer-tournament-stanford-beats-unc-shootout-take-college-cup|title=Best of the 2019 women's NCAA soccer tournament: Stanford beats UNC in shootout to take College Cup|date=December 9, 2019|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Girma be named de tournament ein Most Outstanding Defensive Player along plus earning Pac-12 Defender of de Year, first-team All-Pac-12, den first-team All-American honors.<ref name=":0" /> Girma miss ein entire junior season, wich be disrupted by de COVID-19 pandemic, after tearing ein ACL.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 19, 2021 |title=Women's soccer looking for win to open 2021 season |url=https://www.stanforddaily.com/2021/02/18/womens-soccer-to-open-2021-season/ |publisher=The Stanford Daily}}</ref> During ein recovery, she apply to wey dem accept am into de Mayfield Fellows Program for entrepreneurship at Stanford.<ref name="si2">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2022/06/29/naomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover|title=The Support System That Sparked a USWNT Opportunity|date=June 29, 2022|access-date=August 4, 2022|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham|author-link=Gwendolyn Oxenham}}<cite id="CITEREFOxenham2022" class="citation magazine cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[[Gwendolyn Oxenham|Oxenham, Gwendolyn]] (June 29, 2022). [https://www.si.com/soccer/2022/06/29/naomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover "The Support System That Sparked a USWNT Opportunity"]. ''[[Sports Illustrated]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=The+Support+System+That+Sparked+a+USWNT+Opportunity&rft.date=2022-06-29&rft.aulast=Oxenham&rft.aufirst=Gwendolyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.com%2Fsoccer%2F2022%2F06%2F29%2Fnaomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgpe.wikipedia.org%3ANaomi+Girma" class="Z3988" data-ve-ignore=""></span></ref> Girma return to action as a senior insyd de fall of 2021, starting all 20 games den dey play every minute of all buh four of dem.<ref name=":0" /> Stanford fini de season fourth insyd de Pac-12 Conference,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://pac-12.com/news/2021/11/12/ncaa-womens-soccer-tournament-ucla-usc-stanford-washington-state-national-championship|title=NCAA Women's Soccer Tournament: One reason each Pac-12 team can win the 2021 College Cup|last=Kelapire|first=Ryan|date=November 12, 2021|publisher=[[Pac-12 Conference]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> losing to Santa Clara insyd de first round of de NCAA tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 13, 2021 |title=2021 DI Women's Soccer Championship - First Round |url=https://www.ncaa.com/game/5908494/play-by-play |access-date=January 23, 2025 |publisher=[[National Collegiate Athletic Association]]}}</ref> Despite de down season, Girma be named Pac-12 Defender of de Year, first-team All-Pac-12, den first-team All-American, all for de second time.<ref name=":0" /> Following de season, she decide to forgo ein remaining college eligibility wey she declare for de 2022 NWSL Draft. She graduate plus a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree insyd symbolic systems insyd 2022<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sports/soccer/story/2021-12-23/stanford-star-nwsl-sdwave-soccer-marta-naomi-girma|title=Naomi Girma captained national champs, earned degree|date=December 23, 2021|access-date=August 4, 2022|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|first=Tom|last=Krasovic}}</ref> wey she continue dey pursue a master's degree insyd management science den engineering after becoming a professional soccer player.<ref name="si2">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2022/06/29/naomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover|title=The Support System That Sparked a USWNT Opportunity|date=June 29, 2022|access-date=August 4, 2022|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham|author-link=Gwendolyn Oxenham}}<cite id="CITEREFOxenham2022" class="citation magazine cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[[Gwendolyn Oxenham|Oxenham, Gwendolyn]] (June 29, 2022). [https://www.si.com/soccer/2022/06/29/naomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover "The Support System That Sparked a USWNT Opportunity"]. ''[[Sports Illustrated]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=The+Support+System+That+Sparked+a+USWNT+Opportunity&rft.date=2022-06-29&rft.aulast=Oxenham&rft.aufirst=Gwendolyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.com%2Fsoccer%2F2022%2F06%2F29%2Fnaomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgpe.wikipedia.org%3ANaomi+Girma" class="Z3988" data-ve-ignore=""></span></ref> == Club career == === San Diego Wave === Expansion side San Diego Wave FC select Girma plus de first overall pick of de 2022 NWSL Draft.<ref name="si2">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2022/06/29/naomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover|title=The Support System That Sparked a USWNT Opportunity|date=June 29, 2022|access-date=August 4, 2022|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham|author-link=Gwendolyn Oxenham}}<cite id="CITEREFOxenham2022" class="citation magazine cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[[Gwendolyn Oxenham|Oxenham, Gwendolyn]] (June 29, 2022). [https://www.si.com/soccer/2022/06/29/naomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover "The Support System That Sparked a USWNT Opportunity"]. ''[[Sports Illustrated]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=The+Support+System+That+Sparked+a+USWNT+Opportunity&rft.date=2022-06-29&rft.aulast=Oxenham&rft.aufirst=Gwendolyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.com%2Fsoccer%2F2022%2F06%2F29%2Fnaomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgpe.wikipedia.org%3ANaomi+Girma" class="Z3988" data-ve-ignore=""></span></ref> She make ein professional debut insyd de Wave ein inaugural game on March 19, 2022, starting insyd a 1–1 draw against Angel City FC insyd de group stage of de NWSL Challenge Cup.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sdnews.com/sd-wave-earns-first-point-after-draw-with-angel-city/|title=SD Wave earns first point after draw with Angel City|last=Trujillo|first=Hector|date=March 21, 2022|website=SDNews.com|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> She start 19 games insyd de 2022 regular season,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://fbref.com/en/squads/bf961da0/2022/San-Diego-Wave-Stats|title=2022 San Diego Wave Stats (NWSL)|website=[[FBref.com]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> featuring primarily alongside Kaleigh Riehl insyd central defense after Abby Dahlkemper be injured.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestriker.com/2022/11/22/riehl-resigns-found-new-home|title=Kaleigh Riehl has found her home|last=Balleweg|first=Joey|date=November 22, 2022|website=The Striker|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> San Diego place third insyd de league, becoming de first expansion team to qualify for de playoffs insyd dema first season.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2022/10/20/what-to-know-about-san-diego-wave-fc-amid-their-historic-playoff-run/|title=What to know about San Diego Wave FC amid their historic playoff run|last=Rico|first=Carlos|date=October 20, 2022|newspaper=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Insyd de playoffs, dem beat de Chicago Red Stars 2–1 insyd de quarterfinals before losing to de Portland Thorns 2–1 insyd de semifinals.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sandiegowavefc.com/san-diego-wave-fc-finishes-historic-first-season-in-portland/|title=San Diego Wave FC Finishes Historic First Season in Portland|date=October 23, 2022|publisher=[[San Diego Wave FC]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> During ein rookie season, Girma be name insyd de NWSL Best XI of de Month four times wey dem vote am NWSL Rookie of de Month two times. She sanso be named insyd de end-of-year NWSL Best XI First Team<ref name="NWSLXI22">{{Cite web |date=November 3, 2022 |title=NWSL Announces Winners of Mastercard Best XI Awards |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-winners-of-mastercard-best-xi-awards |access-date=October 25, 2022 |website=NWSL Soccer}}</ref> wey she receive both de NWSL Rookie of de Year den NWSL Defender of de Year awards, becoming de first NWSL player to win multiple end-of-year individual awards insyd ein rookie season,<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=San Diego Wave FC Defender Naomi Girma Named 2022 NWSL Rookie of the Year, Presented by Ally |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/san-diego-wave-fc-defender-naomi-girma-named-2022-nwsl-rookie-of-the-year-presented-by-ally |access-date=November 3, 2022 |website=NWSL Soccer}}</ref> wey na dem nominate am for NWSL Most Valuable Player, losing to Sophia Smith.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2022/10/27/sophia-smith-nwsl-mvp-2022/|title=Sophia Smith wins 2022 NWSL MVP Award|last=Kriger|first=Rachael|date=October 27, 2022|website=The Equalizer|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> [[File:Naomi_Girma_(cropped_2).jpg|right|thumb|Girma plus de Wave insyd 2023]] On June 14, 2023, de Wave announce say dem sign Girma to a new contract thru 2026.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37850654/uswnt-naomi-girma-renews-san-diego-wave-fc-contract-2026|title=USWNT's Naomi Girma renews San Diego Wave FC contract through 2026|date=June 14, 2023|access-date=June 14, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Cesar|last=Hernandez}}</ref> She start 19 games during de 2023 regular season,<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 San Diego Wave Stats (NWSL) |url=https://fbref.com/en/squads/bf961da0/2023/San-Diego-Wave-Stats |access-date=January 23, 2025 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> helping de team concede only 22 goals thru out de season (second insyd de NWSL).<ref name="JWS232">{{cite news|url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/naomi-girma-wins-nwsl-defender-of-the-year-in-back-to-back-seasons/|title=Naomi Girma Wins NWSL Defender of the Year in Back-to-Back Seasons|last=Hruby|first=Emma|date=November 8, 2023|website=[[Just Women's Sports]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> San Diego win de NWSL Shield plus de league ein best record, buh dem loose 1–0 to OL Reign insyd de semifinals.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/san-diego-wave-out-of-nwsl-championship-in-home-field-loss-to-reign/3347107/|title=San Diego Wave out of NWSL championship in home-field loss to Reign|date=November 6, 2023|publisher=[[KNSD]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Girma be named insyd de NWSL Best XI of de Month three times during de season.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/san-diego-wave-fc-centerback-naomi-girma-named-2023-nwsl-defender-of-the-year|title=San Diego Wave FC Centerback Naomi Girma Named 2023 NWSL Defender of the Year|date=November 8, 2023|publisher=[[National Women's Soccer League]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> At de end of de year, she be named insyd de NWSL Best XI First Team wey she win NWSL Defender of de Year for a second year insyd a row, becoming de second player to win de award multiple times after Becky Sauerbrunn.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/sports/wave-star-naomi-girma-bags-back-to-back-nwsl-defender-of-the-year-honors/3350491/|title=Wave star Naomi Girma bags back-to-back NWSL Defender of the Year honors|last=Tripp|first=Darnay|date=November 8, 2023|publisher=[[KNSD]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> [[File:NC_Courage_vs_SD_Wave_(Oct_2024)_056.jpg|right|thumb|Girma plus de Wave insyd 2024]] Girma help de Shield holders win de season-opening 2024 NWSL Challenge Cup, shutting out defending playoff champions NJ/NY Gotham FC 1–0 on March 17, 2024.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2024/03/17/san-diego-wave-win-challenge-cup-1-0-gotham-fc/|title=Gotham FC fall to San Diego Wave in 2024 NWSL Challenge Cup|last=Tonelli|first=Jenna|date=March 17, 2024|website=The Equalizer|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> She play insyd a career-high 20 games insyd de 2024 regular season,<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 San Diego Wave Stats (NWSL) |url=https://fbref.com/en/squads/bf961da0/San-Diego-Wave-Stats |access-date=January 23, 2025 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> buh de Wave struggle to repeat dema success, finishing 10th of 14 teams den missing de playoffs for de first time.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.axios.com/local/san-diego/2024/12/03/wave-fc-club-president-jill-ellis-steps-down|title=Wave's 2025 season to mark beginning of a new chapter|last=Murphy|first=Kate|date=December 3, 2024|website=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Girma be named to de NWSL Best XI of de Month two times den de NWSL Best XI Second Team at de end of de year,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emerick |first=Tyler |date=November 18, 2024 |title=Wave Defender Naomi Girma Named to 2024 NWSL Best XI Second Team |url=https://bvmsports.com/2024/11/18/wave-defender-naomi-girma-named-to-2024-nwsl-best-xi-second-team/ |access-date=November 30, 2024 |website=BVM Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> wey dem san nominate am for NWSL Defender of de Year, losing to [[Emily Sams]]. === Chelsea === On January 26, 2025, Women's Super League club Chelsea announce say dem sign Girma on a four-and-a-half-year deal, unveiling am to fans on de same day before dema league match against Arsenal at Stamford Bridge.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 26, 2025 |title=Chelsea sign defender Girma for world record fee |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cp8qmeleld4o |access-date=January 26, 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> De transfer fee reported be approximately $1.1&nbsp;million (£890,000), breaking de world record for a women's soccer transfer wey dey make Girma de first ever women's player to be sold for over $1&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 26, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma transfer: Chelsea complete world-record deal to sign USA defender from San Diego Wave |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/13297010/naomi-girma-transfer-chelsea-complete-world-record-deal-to-sign-usa-defender-from-san-diego-wave |access-date=January 26, 2025 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> She miss de start of de season secof injury,<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 28, 2025 |title=Chelsea Women: World record signing Naomi Girma 'should' be in squad against Brighton |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c3e44lj5899o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> wey she make ein debut give de club during a 2–2 draw against Brighton &amp;amp; Hove Albion on March 2.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2025 |title=Brighton & Hove Albion v Chelsea: Girma makes debut but Chelsea draw with Brighton |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cm2n9wz4kkvt |access-date=March 2, 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma: 'It was nice to finally have her on the pitch' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cq6y97ld11mo |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Girma score ein first goal for Chelsea insyd an FA Cup match against Manchester United on February 22, 2026, scoring insyd extra time to help Chelsea qualify give de quarterfinals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naomi Girma on her landmark goal and a big team effort |url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/article/naomi-girma-on-her-landmark-goal-and-a-big-team-effort |website=www.chelseafc.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2026 |title=USWNT Abroad: Naomi Girma’s 99th-minute winner for Chelsea FC headlines dramatic European weekend &#124; Goal.com UK |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/lists/uswnt-abroad-naomi-girma-s-game-winning-thriller-tullis-joyce-works-over-time-and-heaps-takes-care-of-midfield-magic-for-ol-lyonnes/bltf91ce90b198fa0cf |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Fleming|first=Ciara|date=February 22, 2026|title=Chelsea, Arsenal and Man City into Women's FA Cup quarters|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cz7gl15xjg5o|access-date=February 24, 2026|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> == International career == Girma compete on de United States under-17, under-19 den under-20 den senior national teams.<ref name=":0" /> She captain de under-20 team to win de 2020 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship under head coach Laura Harvey.<ref name="si2" /><ref name="auto12">{{cite press release|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/12/girma-wins-2020-us-soccer-young-female-player-of-the-year|title=Naomi Girma Voted 2020 U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of the Year|date=December 21, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]}}</ref> Insyd December 2020, Girma win de 2020 U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of de Year award.<ref name="si2" /><ref name="auto12" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.frontrowsoccer.com/2020/12/21/u-s-soccer-honors-girma-named-young-female-player-of-the-year/|title=U.S. SOCCER HONORS: Girma named young female player of the year|date=December 21, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=Front Row Soccer}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://justwomenssports.com/stanfords-naomi-girma-is-staying-focused-on-the-present/|title=Stanford's Naomi Girma is staying focused on present|date=January 19, 2021|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=Just Women's Sports|first=Sydney|last=Shaw}}</ref> Girma receive ein first call-up to de United States senior team insyd December 2019 buh an she for withdraw secof injury.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://wsoccerexpress.com/2019/12/03/uswnt-december-2019-identification-camp-roster-announced-overview/|title=USWNT: December 2019 Identification Camp Roster Announced (Overview)|date=December 3, 2019}}</ref> She sanso be called up insyd October 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/vlatko-andonovskis-uswnt-camp-roster-features-nwsl-mainstays-and-brazil-born-stanford-star-catarina-macario/|title=Vlatko Andonovski's USWNT camp roster features NWSL mainstays and Brazil-born Stanford star Catarina Macario|date=October 9, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|work=[[CBS Sports]]|first=Sandra|last=Herrera}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://justwomenssports.com/stanfords-naomi-girma-on-national-team-camp-and-using-her-platform/|title=Stanford's Naomi Girma on National Team Camp and Using Her Platform|date=October 19, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=Just Women's Sports|first=Sydney|last=Shaw}}</ref> She debut give de senior national team on April 12, 2022, insyd an international friendly against Uzbekistan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2022/04/14/naomi-girma-uswnt-debut-nwsl-rookie-interview-san-diego-wave-top-pick/|title=Naomi Girma is not your average rookie|date=April 14, 2022|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=The Equalizer|first=Jeff|last=Kassouf}}</ref> She sanso appear insyd de 2022 CONCACAF W Championship, wey she register an assist on a goal by [[Sophia Wilson|Sophia Smith]] against Jamaica during de tournament.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lagconfidential.com/2022/7/13/23207095/naomi-girma-legit-uswnt-san-diego-wave|title=For club and country, Naomi Girma is legit|date=July 13, 2022|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=LAG Confidential|first=Alicia|last=Rodriguez}}</ref> Insyd June 2023, Girma be named to de US squad for de 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup insyd Australia den New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/65978315|title=Morgan and Rapinoe named in USA World Cup squad|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> She be a starting defender during de team ein first group stage match against Vietnam: a 3–0 shutout.<ref name="oursportscentral-2023-wwc-debut">{{Cite web |date=July 21, 2023 |title=Morgan Earns an Assist and Girma Secures Defensive Shutout in USA's Win Against Vietnam in 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup |url=https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/morgan-earns-an-assist-and-girma-secures-defensive-shutout-in-usas-win-against-vietnam-in-2023-fifa-womens-world-cup/n-5992414 |access-date=July 24, 2023 |publisher=Our Sports Central}}</ref> During de first half, she start de sequence wey lead to de U.S. ein second goal by lobbing de ball into de box to [[Alex Morgan]] wey head am to scorer [[Sophia Wilson|Sophia Smith]].<ref name="oursportscentral-2023-wwc-debut" /> Girma be named U.S. Soccer ein 2023 Female Player of de Year, becoming de first defender to win de award insyd ein history as na she be a part of a defense wey allow an average of just 0.17 goals per game during de year, de best insyd team history.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2024 |title=Naomi Girma named US Soccer's Female Player of the Year |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/naomi-girma-us-soccer-player-year-uswnt/ |access-date=January 14, 2024 |website=Just Women's Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Insyd 2024, Girma be called up to represent de US at de inaugural 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup den 2024 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USWNT vs. Brazil: Match Recap {{!}} 2024 Concacaf W Gold Cup Final |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/03/concacaf-w-gold-cup-final-uswnt-vs-brazil-score-stats-result-recap |access-date=June 26, 2024 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh • • |first=Sanjesh |date=April 10, 2024 |title=USWNT beats Canada to win 2024 SheBelieves Cup on penalties |url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/sports/soccer/uswnt-canada-shebelieves-cup-final-2024-score-result/3405963/ |access-date=June 26, 2024 |website=NBC Chicago |language=en-US}}</ref> Girma be selected to de 18-player roster for de [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2024 Summer Olympics]] insyd France.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5593017/2024/06/26/uswnt-olympics-roster-2024/|title=Alex Morgan not selected to USWNT for Paris Olympics: Full roster for 2024 Games|last=Linehan|first=Meg|date=June 26, 2024|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=June 26, 2024}}</ref> She widely be praised thru out de tournament as de team ein most important player.<ref name="A2412">{{cite news|url=https://www.allforxi.com/2024/8/6/24214869/naomi-girma-has-established-herself-as-the-uswnts-most-pivotal-player|title=Naomi Girma has established herself as the USWNT's most pivotal player|last=Musarurwa|first=Kudzi|date=August 6, 2024|website=All for XI|publisher=[[SB Nation]]|access-date=August 9, 2024}}</ref><ref name="EO242">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/40751304/uswnt-hayes-girma-best-defender-ever-seen|title=USWNT's Hayes calls Girma 'best defender I've ever seen'|date=August 6, 2024|last=Borden|first=Sam|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=August 9, 2024}}</ref> She be de only field player to play every minute of de tournament thru to de gold medal game against Brazil, wich de United States win 1–0 on a goal from [[Mallory Swanson]].<ref name="A2412" /><ref name="auto32">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/live-blogs/uswnt-brazil-live-updates-paris-olympics-2024-final-score-result/MSnNZ1Hpph4E/|title=USWNT vs Brazil live updates: Mallory Swanson breaks deadlock in Paris Olympics 2024 women's soccer final|last=Mathews|first=Max|date=August 10, 2024|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=August 10, 2024}}</ref> She score ein first den second international goals insyd a friendly match against Argentina on October 30, 2024, insyd Louisville, Kentucky.<ref name="Post-Argentina20242">{{cite news|last=Goff|first=Steven|date=October 30, 2024|title=USWNT wraps up camp with two goals for Naomi Girma and another win|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2024/10/30/uswnt-argentina-naomi-girma-rose-lavelle/|work=The Washington Post|url-access=limited|accessdate=October 31, 2024}}</ref> Insyd January 2025 she pull out of de US squad secof injury.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 11, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma: Women's world record signing misses USA squad with injury |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c4gx5776x20o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Style of play == Considered one of de best center backs insyd de world,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.90min.com/posts/the-best-defenders-women-world-cup-2023-ranked|title=The best defenders at the Women's World Cup 2023 - ranked|last=Spencer|first=Jamie|date=July 17, 2023|website=90min.com|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/39050145/2023-best-50-women-soccer-players-ranked-world|title=ESPN FC Women's Rank: World's 50 best soccer players of 2023|date=December 14, 2023|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/uswnt-defender-naomi-girma-inclusion-mental-health-future-exclusive-interview|title=USWNT Defender Naomi Girma on Championing Representation and Inclusion Across Football: 'I Want It to Be My Legacy|last=Hill|first=Courtney|date=July 24, 2024|publisher=[[Olympics]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> Girma be known for ein composure, intelligence, den leadership.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/columnist/nancy-armour/2023/07/24/naomi-girma-uswnt-athletic-skills-smarts-2023-world-cup/70454815007/|title=Brains and athleticism make Naomi Girma essential to the USWNT at 2023 World Cup|last=Armour|first=Nancy|date=July 24, 2023|website=[[USA Today]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref name="S232">{{cite news|url=https://www.starsandstripesfc.com/2023/7/18/23787664/2023-womens-world-cup-usa-uswnt-united-states-naomi-girma-defender-profile|title=Naomi Girma brings calm to USWNT defense|last=Wine II|first=Donald|date=July 18, 2023|website=Stars and Stripes FC|publisher=[[SB Nation]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> She previously be a central anaa defensive midfielder insyd ein youth before she be converted to center back at a youth national team camp.<ref name="J232">{{cite news|url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/naomi-girma-uswnt-womens-world-cup-stanford-nwsl/|title=Naomi Girma, the USWNT's Consummate Superstar|last=Watkins|first=Claire|date=July 17, 2023|website=[[Just Women's Sports]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref name="G23">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/jul/14/naomi-girma-uswnt-center-back-world-cup-soccer-2023|title=Naomi Girma: the brilliant scientist at the heart of USA's defense|last=Kassouf|first=Jeff|date=July 14, 2024|website=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> She dey anticipate play den dey position einself well to thwart attackers wey she fi use ein speed to beat opponents one-on-one.<ref name="J232" /><ref name="A232">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4109580/2023/01/20/naomi-girma-nwsl-uswnt/|title=What makes Naomi Girma key for USWNT and an NWSL standout with San Diego|last=Lowery|first=Joseph|date=January 20, 2023|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/article/2024/jul/24/uswnt-zambia-paris-olympics-2024-opener-preview-barbra-banda|title=US's immovable object will meet Zambia's unstoppable force in Olympic opener|last=Dure|first=Beau|date=July 24, 2024|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> She get good technical ability den dey pass well to set up plays.<ref name="S232" /><ref name="G23" /><ref name="A232" /> Insyd 2024, na United States head coach [[Emma Hayes]] say Girma be "de best defender I've ever seen".<ref name="EO242" /> Insyd December 2024 she be voted by ''The Guardian'' at de 10th place among de top 100 women's soccer players insyd de world.<ref name="Guarank24">{{Cite news|last=Laverty|first=Rich|last2=Duncan|first2=Pamela|last3=Blight|first3=Garry|last4=Bloor|first4=Steven|date=December 7, 2024|title=The 100 best female footballers in the world 2024|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2024/dec/03/the-100-best-female-footballers-in-the-world-2024|access-date=December 10, 2024|work=[[The Guardian]]|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Girma, Naomi}} [[Category:2000 births]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:American women's soccer players]] [[Category:United States women's youth international soccer players]] [[Category:United States women's under-20 international soccer players]] [[Category:United States women's international soccer players]] [[Category:Stanford Cardinal women's soccer players]] [[Category:First overall NWSL draft picks]] [[Category:San Diego Wave FC players]] [[Category:Women's association football midfielders]] [[Category:American people of Ethiopian descent]] [[Category:Sportspeople of Ethiopian descent]] [[Category:African-American soccer players]] [[Category:National Women's Soccer League players]] [[Category:San Diego Wave FC draft picks]] [[Category:De Anza Force women's players]] [[Category:2023 FIFA Women's World Cup players]] [[Category:21st-century American sportswomen]] [[Category:Soccer players wey komot San Jose, California]] [[Category:Footballers at de 2024 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Medalists at de 2024 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Olympic gold medalists for de United States insyd soccer]] [[Category:Chelsea F.C. Women players]] [[Category:American expatriate sportspeople insyd England]] [[Category:American expatriate women's soccer players]] [[Category:Expatriate women's footballers insyd England]] [[Category:Women's association football central defenders]] [[Category:2022 CONCACAF W Championship players]] [[Category:Women's Super League players]] q8jxt8jmx3gdbyx7krrdj7pp40pu2me 110185 110181 2026-08-18T17:39:41Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 110185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Naomi Haile Girma''' (born June 14, 2000) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a center back give Women's Super League club Chelsea den de United States national team. Girma play college soccer give de Stanford Cardinal, wich she captain to de 2019 national championship. San Diego Wave FC select am first overall insyd de 2022 NWSL Draft. She win NWSL Rookie of de Year wey na dem name am NWSL Defender of de Year insyd both of ein first two seasons, helping lead San Diego to de NWSL Shield insyd 2023. Insyd 2025, she sign plus Chelsea for a reported $1.1&nbsp;million transfer fee, a women's soccer world record. Girma play give de United States at de under-17, under-19, den under-20 levels before making ein senior debut insyd 2022. She be named U.S. Soccer Female Player of de Year insyd 2023. She win gold plus de United States at de [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2024 Paris Olympics]], playing every minute of de tournament. == Early life den college career == Na dem born Girma insyd San Jose, California, to parents Girma Aweke den Seble Demissie, both Ethiopian immigrants wey meet insyd de Bay Area.<ref name="myscience">{{cite news|url=https://www.myscience.org/news/wire/stanford_soccer_captain_naomi_girma_is_a_product_of_her_ethiopian_roots-2020-stanford|title=Stanford soccer captain Naomi Girma is a product of her Ethiopian roots|date=May 29, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=myScience}}</ref><ref name="si">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2022/06/29/naomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover|title=The Support System That Sparked a USWNT Opportunity|date=June 29, 2022|access-date=August 4, 2022|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham|author-link=Gwendolyn Oxenham}}</ref><ref name="sa2">{{cite news|url=https://www.socceramerica.com/publications/article/85750/rising-us-star-naomi-girma-on-prepping-for-postp.html|title=Rising U.S. star Naomi Girma on prepping for postponed U-20 World Cup, virtual team-building, and falling in love with soccer with a free-play start|date=May 29, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=[[Soccer America]]|first=Mike|last=Woitalla}}</ref> She get one bro, Nathaniel, wey be three years older.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Armour |first=Nancy |date=July 25, 2024 |orig-date=July 25, 2024 |title=How USA's Naomi Girma became 'one of the best defenders in the world' for Olympics |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/columnist/nancy-armour/2024/07/25/naomi-girma-uswnt-paris-olympics/74498047007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812022846/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/columnist/nancy-armour/2024/07/25/naomi-girma-uswnt-paris-olympics/74498047007/ |archive-date=August 12, 2024 |access-date=September 19, 2024 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref> Ein family dey speak both Amharic den English.<ref name="si" /><ref name="sa2" /> Insyd ein youth, Girma play give Maleda Soccer Club, a local club wich ein poppie coach.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma: Journey of the world's most expensive female player |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cd65jn94j60o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> She attend Hacienda Elementary School den YMCA after-school basketball matches, following insyd ein bro ein footsteps insyd sports.<ref name="si" /><ref name="sa2" /> She sanso practice gymnastics for five years before settling on soccer insyd middle school.<ref name="sa2" /> Girma join local youth club Central Valley Crossfire between de ages of 9 den 17.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma: Journey of the world's most expensive female player |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cd65jn94j60o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Playing under Crossfire coach Bob Joyce, Girma be encouraged to participate insyd Olympic Development Program events wey na dem call am into de United States under-14 national team camp. She subsequently cam be a guest player give De Anza Force,<ref name="si" /> wey she sanso play give de California Thorns Academy<ref name="sa2">{{cite news|url=https://www.socceramerica.com/publications/article/85750/rising-us-star-naomi-girma-on-prepping-for-postp.html|title=Rising U.S. star Naomi Girma on prepping for postponed U-20 World Cup, virtual team-building, and falling in love with soccer with a free-play start|date=May 29, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=[[Soccer America]]|first=Mike|last=Woitalla}}<cite id="CITEREFWoitalla2020" class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">Woitalla, Mike (May 29, 2020). [https://www.socceramerica.com/publications/article/85750/rising-us-star-naomi-girma-on-prepping-for-postp.html "Rising U.S. star Naomi Girma on prepping for postponed U-20 World Cup, virtual team-building, and falling in love with soccer with a free-play start"]. [[Soccer America]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rising+U.S.+star+Naomi+Girma+on+prepping+for+postponed+U-20+World+Cup%2C+virtual+team-building%2C+and+falling+in+love+with+soccer+with+a+free-play+start&rft.date=2020-05-29&rft.aulast=Woitalla&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.socceramerica.com%2Fpublications%2Farticle%2F85750%2Frising-us-star-naomi-girma-on-prepping-for-postp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgpe.wikipedia.org%3ANaomi+Girma" class="Z3988" data-ve-ignore=""></span></ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Medrano |first=Sofia |date=July 26, 2022 |title=Where the New Age of the USWNT Played Club Soccer |url=https://girlssoccernetwork.com/where-the-new-age-of-the-uswnt-played-club-soccer/ |access-date=August 4, 2022 |publisher=Girls Soccer Network}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Medrano |first=Sofia |date=July 26, 2022 |title=Where the New Age of the USWNT Played Club Soccer |url=https://girlssoccernetwork.com/where-the-new-age-of-the-uswnt-played-club-soccer/ |access-date=August 4, 2022 |publisher=Girls Soccer Network}}</ref> den Pioneer High School.<ref name="sa2" /> She commit to play college soccer at Stanford University wen na she be a sophomore.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://gostanford.com/news/2020/12/10/it-takes-a-village|title=It Takes a Village|date=December 10, 2020|publisher=[[Stanford Cardinal]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> She be ranked by ''TopDrawerSoccer'' as de fifth-best college prospect of de 2018 class den part of Stanford ein top-ranked cohort alongside [[Sophia Wilson|Sophia Smith]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/college-soccer-articles/final-2018-womens-di-recruiting-rankings_aid44486|title=Final 2018 Women's DI Recruiting Rankings|date=August 14, 2018|website=[[TopDrawerSoccer]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> === Stanford Cardinal === Girma play all buh one game give de Stanford Cardinal insyd ein freshman season insyd 2018, making 23 appearances (22 starts),<ref name=":0" /> featuring alongside senior Alana Cook insyd central defense.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://gostanford.com/news/2018/11/07/leaders-of-the-pac|title=Leaders of the Pac|date=November 7, 2018|publisher=[[Stanford Cardinal]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> De reigning national champions fini de regular season undefeated, claiming de Pac-12 Conference for de fourth time insyd a row.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://stanforddaily.com/2018/11/05/women-clinch-pac-12-conference-championship/|title=Women's soccer clinch Pac-12 Conference Championship|date=November 5, 2018|newspaper=[[The Stanford Daily]]|access-date=January 23, 2025|last=Zhang|first=Cybele}}</ref> Insyd de NCAA tournament, Girma play every minute for No. 1–seeded Stanford,<ref name=":0" /> scoring ein first two college goals insyd dema 4–1 win against Ole Miss insyd de second round,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.paloaltoonline.com/sports/2018/11/16/unlikely-goal-scorer-helps-stanford-advance-in-ncaa-soccer/|title=Unlikely scorer helps Stanford advance in NCAA soccer|date=November 16, 2018|newspaper=[[Palo Alto Weekly]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> as dem reach de semifinals, losing 2–0 to eventual champions No. 1 Florida State.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/story/_/id/25421467/florida-state-ends-stanford-45-game-unbeaten-run-ncaa-women-soccer-semifinal|title=FSU ends Stanford's 45-game unbeaten run in NCAA women's soccer semifinal|date=November 30, 2018|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> She be named to de All-Pac-12 third team, Pac-12 all-freshman team, den ''TopDrawerSoccer'' Freshman Best XI first team at de end of the season.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Penn_State_Women's_Soccer,_Stanford,_Linnehan_(12)_1_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb|Girma (right) dey play give Stanford insyd 2019]] Girma cam be team captain wey she start all 25 games insyd ein sophomore season insyd 2019, playing every minute of all buh five games,<ref name=":0" /> mostly alongside senior Sam Hiatt.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://stanforddaily.com/2019/11/16/like-a-broken-record-catarina-macario-womens-soccer-could-not-stop-scoring/|title=Like a broken record, Catarina Macario, women's soccer could not stop scoring|last=Martinez-Krams|first=Daniel|date=November 16, 2019|newspaper=[[The Stanford Daily]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Stanford loose only one non-conference game insyd de regular season on de way to dema fifth consecutive Pac-12 championship,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://stanforddaily.com/2019/11/12/tournament-hopes-high-for-top-seeded-womens-soccer/|title=Tournament hopes high for top-seeded women's soccer|date=November 12, 2019|last=Martinez-Krams|first=Daniel|newspaper=[[The Stanford Daily]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> wey Girma scoring insyd de last two games of de regular season.<ref name=":0" /> Insyd de NCAA tournament, No. 1 seeds Stanford advance to de title game after a 4–1 win against No. 2 UCLA insyd de semifinals. Girma help hold No. 1 North Carolina to a 0–0 draw after extra time, before scoring ein penalty kick insyd de resulting shootout as Stanford goalkeeper Katie Meyer make two penalty saves to bring Stanford dema third national title.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/28059417/best-2019-women-ncaa-soccer-tournament-stanford-beats-unc-shootout-take-college-cup|title=Best of the 2019 women's NCAA soccer tournament: Stanford beats UNC in shootout to take College Cup|date=December 9, 2019|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Girma be named de tournament ein Most Outstanding Defensive Player along plus earning Pac-12 Defender of de Year, first-team All-Pac-12, den first-team All-American honors.<ref name=":0" /> Girma miss ein entire junior season, wich be disrupted by de COVID-19 pandemic, after tearing ein ACL.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 19, 2021 |title=Women's soccer looking for win to open 2021 season |url=https://www.stanforddaily.com/2021/02/18/womens-soccer-to-open-2021-season/ |publisher=The Stanford Daily}}</ref> During ein recovery, she apply to wey dem accept am into de Mayfield Fellows Program for entrepreneurship at Stanford.<ref name="si" /> Girma return to action as a senior insyd de fall of 2021, starting all 20 games den dey play every minute of all buh four of dem.<ref name=":0" /> Stanford fini de season fourth insyd de Pac-12 Conference,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://pac-12.com/news/2021/11/12/ncaa-womens-soccer-tournament-ucla-usc-stanford-washington-state-national-championship|title=NCAA Women's Soccer Tournament: One reason each Pac-12 team can win the 2021 College Cup|last=Kelapire|first=Ryan|date=November 12, 2021|publisher=[[Pac-12 Conference]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> losing to Santa Clara insyd de first round of de NCAA tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 13, 2021 |title=2021 DI Women's Soccer Championship - First Round |url=https://www.ncaa.com/game/5908494/play-by-play |access-date=January 23, 2025 |publisher=[[National Collegiate Athletic Association]]}}</ref> Despite de down season, Girma be named Pac-12 Defender of de Year, first-team All-Pac-12, den first-team All-American, all for de second time.<ref name=":0" /> Following de season, she decide to forgo ein remaining college eligibility wey she declare for de 2022 NWSL Draft. She graduate plus a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree insyd symbolic systems insyd 2022<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sports/soccer/story/2021-12-23/stanford-star-nwsl-sdwave-soccer-marta-naomi-girma|title=Naomi Girma captained national champs, earned degree|date=December 23, 2021|access-date=August 4, 2022|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|first=Tom|last=Krasovic}}</ref> wey she continue dey pursue a master's degree insyd management science den engineering after becoming a professional soccer player.<ref name="si" /> == Club career == === San Diego Wave === Expansion side San Diego Wave FC select Girma plus de first overall pick of de 2022 NWSL Draft.<ref name="si" /> She make ein professional debut insyd de Wave ein inaugural game on March 19, 2022, starting insyd a 1–1 draw against Angel City FC insyd de group stage of de NWSL Challenge Cup.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sdnews.com/sd-wave-earns-first-point-after-draw-with-angel-city/|title=SD Wave earns first point after draw with Angel City|last=Trujillo|first=Hector|date=March 21, 2022|website=SDNews.com|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> She start 19 games insyd de 2022 regular season,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://fbref.com/en/squads/bf961da0/2022/San-Diego-Wave-Stats|title=2022 San Diego Wave Stats (NWSL)|website=[[FBref.com]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> featuring primarily alongside Kaleigh Riehl insyd central defense after Abby Dahlkemper be injured.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestriker.com/2022/11/22/riehl-resigns-found-new-home|title=Kaleigh Riehl has found her home|last=Balleweg|first=Joey|date=November 22, 2022|website=The Striker|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> San Diego place third insyd de league, becoming de first expansion team to qualify for de playoffs insyd dema first season.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2022/10/20/what-to-know-about-san-diego-wave-fc-amid-their-historic-playoff-run/|title=What to know about San Diego Wave FC amid their historic playoff run|last=Rico|first=Carlos|date=October 20, 2022|newspaper=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Insyd de playoffs, dem beat de Chicago Red Stars 2–1 insyd de quarterfinals before losing to de Portland Thorns 2–1 insyd de semifinals.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sandiegowavefc.com/san-diego-wave-fc-finishes-historic-first-season-in-portland/|title=San Diego Wave FC Finishes Historic First Season in Portland|date=October 23, 2022|publisher=[[San Diego Wave FC]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> During ein rookie season, Girma be name insyd de NWSL Best XI of de Month four times wey dem vote am NWSL Rookie of de Month two times. She sanso be named insyd de end-of-year NWSL Best XI First Team<ref name="NWSLXI22">{{Cite web |date=November 3, 2022 |title=NWSL Announces Winners of Mastercard Best XI Awards |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-winners-of-mastercard-best-xi-awards |access-date=October 25, 2022 |website=NWSL Soccer}}</ref> wey she receive both de NWSL Rookie of de Year den NWSL Defender of de Year awards, becoming de first NWSL player to win multiple end-of-year individual awards insyd ein rookie season,<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=San Diego Wave FC Defender Naomi Girma Named 2022 NWSL Rookie of the Year, Presented by Ally |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/san-diego-wave-fc-defender-naomi-girma-named-2022-nwsl-rookie-of-the-year-presented-by-ally |access-date=November 3, 2022 |website=NWSL Soccer}}</ref> wey na dem nominate am for NWSL Most Valuable Player, losing to Sophia Smith.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2022/10/27/sophia-smith-nwsl-mvp-2022/|title=Sophia Smith wins 2022 NWSL MVP Award|last=Kriger|first=Rachael|date=October 27, 2022|website=The Equalizer|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> [[File:Naomi_Girma_(cropped_2).jpg|right|thumb|Girma plus de Wave insyd 2023]] On June 14, 2023, de Wave announce say dem sign Girma to a new contract thru 2026.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37850654/uswnt-naomi-girma-renews-san-diego-wave-fc-contract-2026|title=USWNT's Naomi Girma renews San Diego Wave FC contract through 2026|date=June 14, 2023|access-date=June 14, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Cesar|last=Hernandez}}</ref> She start 19 games during de 2023 regular season,<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 San Diego Wave Stats (NWSL) |url=https://fbref.com/en/squads/bf961da0/2023/San-Diego-Wave-Stats |access-date=January 23, 2025 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> helping de team concede only 22 goals thru out de season (second insyd de NWSL).<ref name="JWS232">{{cite news|url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/naomi-girma-wins-nwsl-defender-of-the-year-in-back-to-back-seasons/|title=Naomi Girma Wins NWSL Defender of the Year in Back-to-Back Seasons|last=Hruby|first=Emma|date=November 8, 2023|website=[[Just Women's Sports]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> San Diego win de NWSL Shield plus de league ein best record, buh dem loose 1–0 to OL Reign insyd de semifinals.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/san-diego-wave-out-of-nwsl-championship-in-home-field-loss-to-reign/3347107/|title=San Diego Wave out of NWSL championship in home-field loss to Reign|date=November 6, 2023|publisher=[[KNSD]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Girma be named insyd de NWSL Best XI of de Month three times during de season.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/san-diego-wave-fc-centerback-naomi-girma-named-2023-nwsl-defender-of-the-year|title=San Diego Wave FC Centerback Naomi Girma Named 2023 NWSL Defender of the Year|date=November 8, 2023|publisher=[[National Women's Soccer League]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> At de end of de year, she be named insyd de NWSL Best XI First Team wey she win NWSL Defender of de Year for a second year insyd a row, becoming de second player to win de award multiple times after Becky Sauerbrunn.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/sports/wave-star-naomi-girma-bags-back-to-back-nwsl-defender-of-the-year-honors/3350491/|title=Wave star Naomi Girma bags back-to-back NWSL Defender of the Year honors|last=Tripp|first=Darnay|date=November 8, 2023|publisher=[[KNSD]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> [[File:NC_Courage_vs_SD_Wave_(Oct_2024)_056.jpg|right|thumb|Girma plus de Wave insyd 2024]] Girma help de Shield holders win de season-opening 2024 NWSL Challenge Cup, shutting out defending playoff champions NJ/NY Gotham FC 1–0 on March 17, 2024.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2024/03/17/san-diego-wave-win-challenge-cup-1-0-gotham-fc/|title=Gotham FC fall to San Diego Wave in 2024 NWSL Challenge Cup|last=Tonelli|first=Jenna|date=March 17, 2024|website=The Equalizer|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> She play insyd a career-high 20 games insyd de 2024 regular season,<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 San Diego Wave Stats (NWSL) |url=https://fbref.com/en/squads/bf961da0/San-Diego-Wave-Stats |access-date=January 23, 2025 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> buh de Wave struggle to repeat dema success, finishing 10th of 14 teams den missing de playoffs for de first time.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.axios.com/local/san-diego/2024/12/03/wave-fc-club-president-jill-ellis-steps-down|title=Wave's 2025 season to mark beginning of a new chapter|last=Murphy|first=Kate|date=December 3, 2024|website=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Girma be named to de NWSL Best XI of de Month two times den de NWSL Best XI Second Team at de end of de year,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emerick |first=Tyler |date=November 18, 2024 |title=Wave Defender Naomi Girma Named to 2024 NWSL Best XI Second Team |url=https://bvmsports.com/2024/11/18/wave-defender-naomi-girma-named-to-2024-nwsl-best-xi-second-team/ |access-date=November 30, 2024 |website=BVM Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> wey dem san nominate am for NWSL Defender of de Year, losing to [[Emily Sams]]. === Chelsea === On January 26, 2025, Women's Super League club Chelsea announce say dem sign Girma on a four-and-a-half-year deal, unveiling am to fans on de same day before dema league match against Arsenal at Stamford Bridge.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 26, 2025 |title=Chelsea sign defender Girma for world record fee |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cp8qmeleld4o |access-date=January 26, 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> De transfer fee reported be approximately $1.1&nbsp;million (£890,000), breaking de world record for a women's soccer transfer wey dey make Girma de first ever women's player to be sold for over $1&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 26, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma transfer: Chelsea complete world-record deal to sign USA defender from San Diego Wave |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/13297010/naomi-girma-transfer-chelsea-complete-world-record-deal-to-sign-usa-defender-from-san-diego-wave |access-date=January 26, 2025 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> She miss de start of de season secof injury,<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 28, 2025 |title=Chelsea Women: World record signing Naomi Girma 'should' be in squad against Brighton |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c3e44lj5899o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> wey she make ein debut give de club during a 2–2 draw against Brighton &amp;amp; Hove Albion on March 2.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2025 |title=Brighton & Hove Albion v Chelsea: Girma makes debut but Chelsea draw with Brighton |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cm2n9wz4kkvt |access-date=March 2, 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma: 'It was nice to finally have her on the pitch' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cq6y97ld11mo |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Girma score ein first goal for Chelsea insyd an FA Cup match against Manchester United on February 22, 2026, scoring insyd extra time to help Chelsea qualify give de quarterfinals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naomi Girma on her landmark goal and a big team effort |url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/article/naomi-girma-on-her-landmark-goal-and-a-big-team-effort |website=www.chelseafc.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2026 |title=USWNT Abroad: Naomi Girma’s 99th-minute winner for Chelsea FC headlines dramatic European weekend &#124; Goal.com UK |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/lists/uswnt-abroad-naomi-girma-s-game-winning-thriller-tullis-joyce-works-over-time-and-heaps-takes-care-of-midfield-magic-for-ol-lyonnes/bltf91ce90b198fa0cf |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Fleming|first=Ciara|date=February 22, 2026|title=Chelsea, Arsenal and Man City into Women's FA Cup quarters|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cz7gl15xjg5o|access-date=February 24, 2026|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> == International career == Girma compete on de United States under-17, under-19 den under-20 den senior national teams.<ref name=":0" /> She captain de under-20 team to win de 2020 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship under head coach Laura Harvey.<ref name="si" /><ref name="auto12">{{cite press release|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/12/girma-wins-2020-us-soccer-young-female-player-of-the-year|title=Naomi Girma Voted 2020 U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of the Year|date=December 21, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]}}</ref> Insyd December 2020, Girma win de 2020 U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of de Year award.<ref name="si" /><ref name="auto12" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.frontrowsoccer.com/2020/12/21/u-s-soccer-honors-girma-named-young-female-player-of-the-year/|title=U.S. SOCCER HONORS: Girma named young female player of the year|date=December 21, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=Front Row Soccer}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://justwomenssports.com/stanfords-naomi-girma-is-staying-focused-on-the-present/|title=Stanford's Naomi Girma is staying focused on present|date=January 19, 2021|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=Just Women's Sports|first=Sydney|last=Shaw}}</ref> Girma receive ein first call-up to de United States senior team insyd December 2019 buh an she for withdraw secof injury.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://wsoccerexpress.com/2019/12/03/uswnt-december-2019-identification-camp-roster-announced-overview/|title=USWNT: December 2019 Identification Camp Roster Announced (Overview)|date=December 3, 2019}}</ref> She sanso be called up insyd October 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/vlatko-andonovskis-uswnt-camp-roster-features-nwsl-mainstays-and-brazil-born-stanford-star-catarina-macario/|title=Vlatko Andonovski's USWNT camp roster features NWSL mainstays and Brazil-born Stanford star Catarina Macario|date=October 9, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|work=[[CBS Sports]]|first=Sandra|last=Herrera}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://justwomenssports.com/stanfords-naomi-girma-on-national-team-camp-and-using-her-platform/|title=Stanford's Naomi Girma on National Team Camp and Using Her Platform|date=October 19, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=Just Women's Sports|first=Sydney|last=Shaw}}</ref> She debut give de senior national team on April 12, 2022, insyd an international friendly against Uzbekistan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2022/04/14/naomi-girma-uswnt-debut-nwsl-rookie-interview-san-diego-wave-top-pick/|title=Naomi Girma is not your average rookie|date=April 14, 2022|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=The Equalizer|first=Jeff|last=Kassouf}}</ref> She sanso appear insyd de 2022 CONCACAF W Championship, wey she register an assist on a goal by [[Sophia Wilson|Sophia Smith]] against Jamaica during de tournament.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lagconfidential.com/2022/7/13/23207095/naomi-girma-legit-uswnt-san-diego-wave|title=For club and country, Naomi Girma is legit|date=July 13, 2022|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=LAG Confidential|first=Alicia|last=Rodriguez}}</ref> Insyd June 2023, Girma be named to de US squad for de 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup insyd Australia den New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/65978315|title=Morgan and Rapinoe named in USA World Cup squad|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> She be a starting defender during de team ein first group stage match against Vietnam: a 3–0 shutout.<ref name="oursportscentral-2023-wwc-debut">{{Cite web |date=July 21, 2023 |title=Morgan Earns an Assist and Girma Secures Defensive Shutout in USA's Win Against Vietnam in 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup |url=https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/morgan-earns-an-assist-and-girma-secures-defensive-shutout-in-usas-win-against-vietnam-in-2023-fifa-womens-world-cup/n-5992414 |access-date=July 24, 2023 |publisher=Our Sports Central}}</ref> During de first half, she start de sequence wey lead to de U.S. ein second goal by lobbing de ball into de box to [[Alex Morgan]] wey head am to scorer [[Sophia Wilson|Sophia Smith]].<ref name="oursportscentral-2023-wwc-debut" /> Girma be named U.S. Soccer ein 2023 Female Player of de Year, becoming de first defender to win de award insyd ein history as na she be a part of a defense wey allow an average of just 0.17 goals per game during de year, de best insyd team history.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2024 |title=Naomi Girma named US Soccer's Female Player of the Year |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/naomi-girma-us-soccer-player-year-uswnt/ |access-date=January 14, 2024 |website=Just Women's Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Insyd 2024, Girma be called up to represent de US at de inaugural 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup den 2024 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USWNT vs. Brazil: Match Recap {{!}} 2024 Concacaf W Gold Cup Final |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/03/concacaf-w-gold-cup-final-uswnt-vs-brazil-score-stats-result-recap |access-date=June 26, 2024 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh • • |first=Sanjesh |date=April 10, 2024 |title=USWNT beats Canada to win 2024 SheBelieves Cup on penalties |url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/sports/soccer/uswnt-canada-shebelieves-cup-final-2024-score-result/3405963/ |access-date=June 26, 2024 |website=NBC Chicago |language=en-US}}</ref> Girma be selected to de 18-player roster for de [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2024 Summer Olympics]] insyd France.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5593017/2024/06/26/uswnt-olympics-roster-2024/|title=Alex Morgan not selected to USWNT for Paris Olympics: Full roster for 2024 Games|last=Linehan|first=Meg|date=June 26, 2024|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=June 26, 2024}}</ref> She widely be praised thru out de tournament as de team ein most important player.<ref name="A2412">{{cite news|url=https://www.allforxi.com/2024/8/6/24214869/naomi-girma-has-established-herself-as-the-uswnts-most-pivotal-player|title=Naomi Girma has established herself as the USWNT's most pivotal player|last=Musarurwa|first=Kudzi|date=August 6, 2024|website=All for XI|publisher=[[SB Nation]]|access-date=August 9, 2024}}</ref><ref name="EO242">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/40751304/uswnt-hayes-girma-best-defender-ever-seen|title=USWNT's Hayes calls Girma 'best defender I've ever seen'|date=August 6, 2024|last=Borden|first=Sam|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=August 9, 2024}}</ref> She be de only field player to play every minute of de tournament thru to de gold medal game against Brazil, wich de United States win 1–0 on a goal from [[Mallory Swanson]].<ref name="A2412" /><ref name="auto32">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/live-blogs/uswnt-brazil-live-updates-paris-olympics-2024-final-score-result/MSnNZ1Hpph4E/|title=USWNT vs Brazil live updates: Mallory Swanson breaks deadlock in Paris Olympics 2024 women's soccer final|last=Mathews|first=Max|date=August 10, 2024|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=August 10, 2024}}</ref> She score ein first den second international goals insyd a friendly match against Argentina on October 30, 2024, insyd Louisville, Kentucky.<ref name="Post-Argentina20242">{{cite news|last=Goff|first=Steven|date=October 30, 2024|title=USWNT wraps up camp with two goals for Naomi Girma and another win|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2024/10/30/uswnt-argentina-naomi-girma-rose-lavelle/|work=The Washington Post|url-access=limited|accessdate=October 31, 2024}}</ref> Insyd January 2025 she pull out of de US squad secof injury.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 11, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma: Women's world record signing misses USA squad with injury |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c4gx5776x20o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Style of play == Considered one of de best center backs insyd de world,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.90min.com/posts/the-best-defenders-women-world-cup-2023-ranked|title=The best defenders at the Women's World Cup 2023 - ranked|last=Spencer|first=Jamie|date=July 17, 2023|website=90min.com|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/39050145/2023-best-50-women-soccer-players-ranked-world|title=ESPN FC Women's Rank: World's 50 best soccer players of 2023|date=December 14, 2023|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/uswnt-defender-naomi-girma-inclusion-mental-health-future-exclusive-interview|title=USWNT Defender Naomi Girma on Championing Representation and Inclusion Across Football: 'I Want It to Be My Legacy|last=Hill|first=Courtney|date=July 24, 2024|publisher=[[Olympics]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> Girma be known for ein composure, intelligence, den leadership.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/columnist/nancy-armour/2023/07/24/naomi-girma-uswnt-athletic-skills-smarts-2023-world-cup/70454815007/|title=Brains and athleticism make Naomi Girma essential to the USWNT at 2023 World Cup|last=Armour|first=Nancy|date=July 24, 2023|website=[[USA Today]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref name="S232">{{cite news|url=https://www.starsandstripesfc.com/2023/7/18/23787664/2023-womens-world-cup-usa-uswnt-united-states-naomi-girma-defender-profile|title=Naomi Girma brings calm to USWNT defense|last=Wine II|first=Donald|date=July 18, 2023|website=Stars and Stripes FC|publisher=[[SB Nation]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> She previously be a central anaa defensive midfielder insyd ein youth before she be converted to center back at a youth national team camp.<ref name="J232">{{cite news|url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/naomi-girma-uswnt-womens-world-cup-stanford-nwsl/|title=Naomi Girma, the USWNT's Consummate Superstar|last=Watkins|first=Claire|date=July 17, 2023|website=[[Just Women's Sports]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref name="G23">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/jul/14/naomi-girma-uswnt-center-back-world-cup-soccer-2023|title=Naomi Girma: the brilliant scientist at the heart of USA's defense|last=Kassouf|first=Jeff|date=July 14, 2024|website=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> She dey anticipate play den dey position einself well to thwart attackers wey she fi use ein speed to beat opponents one-on-one.<ref name="J232" /><ref name="A232">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4109580/2023/01/20/naomi-girma-nwsl-uswnt/|title=What makes Naomi Girma key for USWNT and an NWSL standout with San Diego|last=Lowery|first=Joseph|date=January 20, 2023|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/article/2024/jul/24/uswnt-zambia-paris-olympics-2024-opener-preview-barbra-banda|title=US's immovable object will meet Zambia's unstoppable force in Olympic opener|last=Dure|first=Beau|date=July 24, 2024|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> She get good technical ability den dey pass well to set up plays.<ref name="S232" /><ref name="G23" /><ref name="A232" /> Insyd 2024, na United States head coach [[Emma Hayes]] say Girma be "de best defender I've ever seen".<ref name="EO242" /> Insyd December 2024 she be voted by ''The Guardian'' at de 10th place among de top 100 women's soccer players insyd de world.<ref name="Guarank24">{{Cite news|last=Laverty|first=Rich|last2=Duncan|first2=Pamela|last3=Blight|first3=Garry|last4=Bloor|first4=Steven|date=December 7, 2024|title=The 100 best female footballers in the world 2024|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2024/dec/03/the-100-best-female-footballers-in-the-world-2024|access-date=December 10, 2024|work=[[The Guardian]]|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {{updated|match played April 6, 2026}}<ref>{{soccerway|463755|accessdate=May 18, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{NWSL player|naomi-haile-girma|Naomi Girma}}</ref> {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances den goals by club, season den competition |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|National cup !colspan="2"|League cup !colspan="2"|Continental !colspan="2"|Oda !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- | rowspan="4" |[[San Diego Wave FC]] |[[2022 San Diego Wave FC season|2022]] |[[National Women's Soccer League|NWSL]] |19||0||colspan="2"|—||6||0||colspan="2"|—||2||0||27||0 |- |[[2023 San Diego Wave FC season|2023]] |NWSL |19||0||colspan="2"|—||2||0|| colspan="2"|—||1||0||22||0 |- |[[2024 San Diego Wave FC season|2024]] |NWSL |23||0||colspan="2"|—|| colspan="2"|—||2||0||1||0||26||0 |- !colspan="2"|Total !61!!0!!0!!0!!8!!0!!2!!0!!4!!0!!75!!0 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Chelsea F.C. Women|Chelsea]] |[[2024–25 Chelsea F.C. Women season|2024–25]] |[[Women's Super League]] |5||0||1||0||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|—||8||0 |- |[[2025–26 Chelsea F.C. Women season|2025–26]] |Women's Super League |10||1||3||1||1||0||4||0||colspan="2"|—||18||2 |- !colspan="2"|Total !15!!1!!4!!1!!1!!0!!6!!0!!0!!0!!26!!2 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !76!!1!!4!!1!!9!!0!!8!!0!!4!!0!!101!!2 |} ===International=== {{updated|match played April 17, 2026}}<ref>{{U.S. Soccer player|g/naomi-girma}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- !National Team !! Year !! Apps !! Goals |- | rowspan="5" | [[United States women's national soccer team|United States]] |[[2022 in American soccer#Women's|2022]]||10||0 |- |[[2023 in American soccer#Women's|2023]]||16||0 |- |[[2024 in American soccer#Women's|2024]]||18||2 |- |[[2025 in American soccer#Women's|2025]]||6|| 0 |- |[[2026 in American soccer#Women's|2026]]|| 4 || 1 |- ! colspan="2" | Total !! 54 !! 3 |} {| class="wikitable" |+International goals wey Naomi Girma score !No. !Cap !Date !Venue !Opponent !Score !Result !Competition !Ref. |- | align=center | 1 | rowspan="2" align="center" | 42 | rowspan="2" | October 30, 2024 | rowspan="2" | [[Lynn Family Stadium]], [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S. | rowspan="2" | {{fbw|ARG}} | align=center | 1–0 | align=center rowspan=2 | 3–0 | rowspan="2" | Friendly | rowspan="2" | <ref name="Post-Argentina2024"/> |- | align=center | 2 | align=center | 3–0 |- | align=center | 3 | align="center" | 54 | April 17, 2026 | [[Dick's Sporting Goods Park]], [[Commerce City, Colorado]], U.S. | {{fbw|JPN}} | align=center | 1–0 | align=center | 3–0 | Friendly | <ref>{{cite web |title=USWNT closes three game series against Japan 3–0 victory in Colorado| url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/04/uswnt/us-womens-national-team-closes-three-game-series-against-japan-3-0-victory-in-colorado-match-recap-highlights |date=April 17, 2026 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |} == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Girma, Naomi}} [[Category:2000 births]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:American women's soccer players]] [[Category:United States women's youth international soccer players]] [[Category:United States women's under-20 international soccer players]] [[Category:United States women's international soccer players]] [[Category:Stanford Cardinal women's soccer players]] [[Category:First overall NWSL draft picks]] [[Category:San Diego Wave FC players]] [[Category:Women's association football midfielders]] [[Category:American people of Ethiopian descent]] [[Category:Sportspeople of Ethiopian descent]] [[Category:African-American soccer players]] [[Category:National Women's Soccer League players]] [[Category:San Diego Wave FC draft picks]] [[Category:De Anza Force women's players]] [[Category:2023 FIFA Women's World Cup players]] [[Category:21st-century American sportswomen]] [[Category:Soccer players wey komot San Jose, California]] [[Category:Footballers at de 2024 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Medalists at de 2024 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Olympic gold medalists for de United States insyd soccer]] [[Category:Chelsea F.C. Women players]] [[Category:American expatriate sportspeople insyd England]] [[Category:American expatriate women's soccer players]] [[Category:Expatriate women's footballers insyd England]] [[Category:Women's association football central defenders]] [[Category:2022 CONCACAF W Championship players]] [[Category:Women's Super League players]] gboet1sf15vg625jf2xulpabltqeytm 110188 110185 2026-08-18T17:47:12Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 110188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Naomi Haile Girma''' (born June 14, 2000) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a center back give Women's Super League club Chelsea den de United States national team. Girma play college soccer give de Stanford Cardinal, wich she captain to de 2019 national championship. San Diego Wave FC select am first overall insyd de 2022 NWSL Draft. She win NWSL Rookie of de Year wey na dem name am NWSL Defender of de Year insyd both of ein first two seasons, helping lead San Diego to de NWSL Shield insyd 2023. Insyd 2025, she sign plus Chelsea for a reported $1.1&nbsp;million transfer fee, a women's soccer world record. Girma play give de United States at de under-17, under-19, den under-20 levels before making ein senior debut insyd 2022. She be named U.S. Soccer Female Player of de Year insyd 2023. She win gold plus de United States at de [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2024 Paris Olympics]], playing every minute of de tournament. == Early life den college career == Na dem born Girma insyd San Jose, California, to parents Girma Aweke den Seble Demissie, both Ethiopian immigrants wey meet insyd de Bay Area.<ref name="myscience">{{cite news|url=https://www.myscience.org/news/wire/stanford_soccer_captain_naomi_girma_is_a_product_of_her_ethiopian_roots-2020-stanford|title=Stanford soccer captain Naomi Girma is a product of her Ethiopian roots|date=May 29, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=myScience}}</ref><ref name="si">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2022/06/29/naomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover|title=The Support System That Sparked a USWNT Opportunity|date=June 29, 2022|access-date=August 4, 2022|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham|author-link=Gwendolyn Oxenham}}</ref><ref name="sa2">{{cite news|url=https://www.socceramerica.com/publications/article/85750/rising-us-star-naomi-girma-on-prepping-for-postp.html|title=Rising U.S. star Naomi Girma on prepping for postponed U-20 World Cup, virtual team-building, and falling in love with soccer with a free-play start|date=May 29, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=[[Soccer America]]|first=Mike|last=Woitalla}}</ref> She get one bro, Nathaniel, wey be three years older.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Armour |first=Nancy |date=July 25, 2024 |orig-date=July 25, 2024 |title=How USA's Naomi Girma became 'one of the best defenders in the world' for Olympics |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/columnist/nancy-armour/2024/07/25/naomi-girma-uswnt-paris-olympics/74498047007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812022846/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/columnist/nancy-armour/2024/07/25/naomi-girma-uswnt-paris-olympics/74498047007/ |archive-date=August 12, 2024 |access-date=September 19, 2024 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref> Ein family dey speak both Amharic den English.<ref name="si" /><ref name="sa2" /> Insyd ein youth, Girma play give Maleda Soccer Club, a local club wich ein poppie coach.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma: Journey of the world's most expensive female player |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cd65jn94j60o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> She attend Hacienda Elementary School den YMCA after-school basketball matches, following insyd ein bro ein footsteps insyd sports.<ref name="si" /><ref name="sa2" /> She sanso practice gymnastics for five years before settling on soccer insyd middle school.<ref name="sa2" /> Girma join local youth club Central Valley Crossfire between de ages of 9 den 17.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma: Journey of the world's most expensive female player |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cd65jn94j60o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Playing under Crossfire coach Bob Joyce, Girma be encouraged to participate insyd Olympic Development Program events wey na dem call am into de United States under-14 national team camp. She subsequently cam be a guest player give De Anza Force,<ref name="si" /> wey she sanso play give de California Thorns Academy<ref name="sa2">{{cite news|url=https://www.socceramerica.com/publications/article/85750/rising-us-star-naomi-girma-on-prepping-for-postp.html|title=Rising U.S. star Naomi Girma on prepping for postponed U-20 World Cup, virtual team-building, and falling in love with soccer with a free-play start|date=May 29, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=[[Soccer America]]|first=Mike|last=Woitalla}}<cite id="CITEREFWoitalla2020" class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">Woitalla, Mike (May 29, 2020). [https://www.socceramerica.com/publications/article/85750/rising-us-star-naomi-girma-on-prepping-for-postp.html "Rising U.S. star Naomi Girma on prepping for postponed U-20 World Cup, virtual team-building, and falling in love with soccer with a free-play start"]. [[Soccer America]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rising+U.S.+star+Naomi+Girma+on+prepping+for+postponed+U-20+World+Cup%2C+virtual+team-building%2C+and+falling+in+love+with+soccer+with+a+free-play+start&rft.date=2020-05-29&rft.aulast=Woitalla&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.socceramerica.com%2Fpublications%2Farticle%2F85750%2Frising-us-star-naomi-girma-on-prepping-for-postp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgpe.wikipedia.org%3ANaomi+Girma" class="Z3988" data-ve-ignore=""></span></ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Medrano |first=Sofia |date=July 26, 2022 |title=Where the New Age of the USWNT Played Club Soccer |url=https://girlssoccernetwork.com/where-the-new-age-of-the-uswnt-played-club-soccer/ |access-date=August 4, 2022 |publisher=Girls Soccer Network}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Medrano |first=Sofia |date=July 26, 2022 |title=Where the New Age of the USWNT Played Club Soccer |url=https://girlssoccernetwork.com/where-the-new-age-of-the-uswnt-played-club-soccer/ |access-date=August 4, 2022 |publisher=Girls Soccer Network}}</ref> den Pioneer High School.<ref name="sa2" /> She commit to play college soccer at Stanford University wen na she be a sophomore.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://gostanford.com/news/2020/12/10/it-takes-a-village|title=It Takes a Village|date=December 10, 2020|publisher=[[Stanford Cardinal]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> She be ranked by ''TopDrawerSoccer'' as de fifth-best college prospect of de 2018 class den part of Stanford ein top-ranked cohort alongside [[Sophia Wilson|Sophia Smith]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/college-soccer-articles/final-2018-womens-di-recruiting-rankings_aid44486|title=Final 2018 Women's DI Recruiting Rankings|date=August 14, 2018|website=[[TopDrawerSoccer]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> === Stanford Cardinal === Girma play all buh one game give de Stanford Cardinal insyd ein freshman season insyd 2018, making 23 appearances (22 starts),<ref name=":0" /> featuring alongside senior Alana Cook insyd central defense.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://gostanford.com/news/2018/11/07/leaders-of-the-pac|title=Leaders of the Pac|date=November 7, 2018|publisher=[[Stanford Cardinal]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> De reigning national champions fini de regular season undefeated, claiming de Pac-12 Conference for de fourth time insyd a row.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://stanforddaily.com/2018/11/05/women-clinch-pac-12-conference-championship/|title=Women's soccer clinch Pac-12 Conference Championship|date=November 5, 2018|newspaper=[[The Stanford Daily]]|access-date=January 23, 2025|last=Zhang|first=Cybele}}</ref> Insyd de NCAA tournament, Girma play every minute for No. 1–seeded Stanford,<ref name=":0" /> scoring ein first two college goals insyd dema 4–1 win against Ole Miss insyd de second round,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.paloaltoonline.com/sports/2018/11/16/unlikely-goal-scorer-helps-stanford-advance-in-ncaa-soccer/|title=Unlikely scorer helps Stanford advance in NCAA soccer|date=November 16, 2018|newspaper=[[Palo Alto Weekly]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> as dem reach de semifinals, losing 2–0 to eventual champions No. 1 Florida State.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/story/_/id/25421467/florida-state-ends-stanford-45-game-unbeaten-run-ncaa-women-soccer-semifinal|title=FSU ends Stanford's 45-game unbeaten run in NCAA women's soccer semifinal|date=November 30, 2018|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> She be named to de All-Pac-12 third team, Pac-12 all-freshman team, den ''TopDrawerSoccer'' Freshman Best XI first team at de end of the season.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Penn_State_Women's_Soccer,_Stanford,_Linnehan_(12)_1_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb|Girma (right) dey play give Stanford insyd 2019]] Girma cam be team captain wey she start all 25 games insyd ein sophomore season insyd 2019, playing every minute of all buh five games,<ref name=":0" /> mostly alongside senior Sam Hiatt.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://stanforddaily.com/2019/11/16/like-a-broken-record-catarina-macario-womens-soccer-could-not-stop-scoring/|title=Like a broken record, Catarina Macario, women's soccer could not stop scoring|last=Martinez-Krams|first=Daniel|date=November 16, 2019|newspaper=[[The Stanford Daily]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Stanford loose only one non-conference game insyd de regular season on de way to dema fifth consecutive Pac-12 championship,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://stanforddaily.com/2019/11/12/tournament-hopes-high-for-top-seeded-womens-soccer/|title=Tournament hopes high for top-seeded women's soccer|date=November 12, 2019|last=Martinez-Krams|first=Daniel|newspaper=[[The Stanford Daily]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> wey Girma scoring insyd de last two games of de regular season.<ref name=":0" /> Insyd de NCAA tournament, No. 1 seeds Stanford advance to de title game after a 4–1 win against No. 2 UCLA insyd de semifinals. Girma help hold No. 1 North Carolina to a 0–0 draw after extra time, before scoring ein penalty kick insyd de resulting shootout as Stanford goalkeeper Katie Meyer make two penalty saves to bring Stanford dema third national title.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/28059417/best-2019-women-ncaa-soccer-tournament-stanford-beats-unc-shootout-take-college-cup|title=Best of the 2019 women's NCAA soccer tournament: Stanford beats UNC in shootout to take College Cup|date=December 9, 2019|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Girma be named de tournament ein Most Outstanding Defensive Player along plus earning Pac-12 Defender of de Year, first-team All-Pac-12, den first-team All-American honors.<ref name=":0" /> Girma miss ein entire junior season, wich be disrupted by de COVID-19 pandemic, after tearing ein ACL.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 19, 2021 |title=Women's soccer looking for win to open 2021 season |url=https://www.stanforddaily.com/2021/02/18/womens-soccer-to-open-2021-season/ |publisher=The Stanford Daily}}</ref> During ein recovery, she apply to wey dem accept am into de Mayfield Fellows Program for entrepreneurship at Stanford.<ref name="si" /> Girma return to action as a senior insyd de fall of 2021, starting all 20 games den dey play every minute of all buh four of dem.<ref name=":0" /> Stanford fini de season fourth insyd de Pac-12 Conference,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://pac-12.com/news/2021/11/12/ncaa-womens-soccer-tournament-ucla-usc-stanford-washington-state-national-championship|title=NCAA Women's Soccer Tournament: One reason each Pac-12 team can win the 2021 College Cup|last=Kelapire|first=Ryan|date=November 12, 2021|publisher=[[Pac-12 Conference]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> losing to Santa Clara insyd de first round of de NCAA tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 13, 2021 |title=2021 DI Women's Soccer Championship - First Round |url=https://www.ncaa.com/game/5908494/play-by-play |access-date=January 23, 2025 |publisher=[[National Collegiate Athletic Association]]}}</ref> Despite de down season, Girma be named Pac-12 Defender of de Year, first-team All-Pac-12, den first-team All-American, all for de second time.<ref name=":0" /> Following de season, she decide to forgo ein remaining college eligibility wey she declare for de 2022 NWSL Draft. She graduate plus a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree insyd symbolic systems insyd 2022<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sports/soccer/story/2021-12-23/stanford-star-nwsl-sdwave-soccer-marta-naomi-girma|title=Naomi Girma captained national champs, earned degree|date=December 23, 2021|access-date=August 4, 2022|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|first=Tom|last=Krasovic}}</ref> wey she continue dey pursue a master's degree insyd management science den engineering after becoming a professional soccer player.<ref name="si" /> == Club career == === San Diego Wave === Expansion side San Diego Wave FC select Girma plus de first overall pick of de 2022 NWSL Draft.<ref name="si" /> She make ein professional debut insyd de Wave ein inaugural game on March 19, 2022, starting insyd a 1–1 draw against Angel City FC insyd de group stage of de NWSL Challenge Cup.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sdnews.com/sd-wave-earns-first-point-after-draw-with-angel-city/|title=SD Wave earns first point after draw with Angel City|last=Trujillo|first=Hector|date=March 21, 2022|website=SDNews.com|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> She start 19 games insyd de 2022 regular season,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://fbref.com/en/squads/bf961da0/2022/San-Diego-Wave-Stats|title=2022 San Diego Wave Stats (NWSL)|website=[[FBref.com]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> featuring primarily alongside Kaleigh Riehl insyd central defense after Abby Dahlkemper be injured.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestriker.com/2022/11/22/riehl-resigns-found-new-home|title=Kaleigh Riehl has found her home|last=Balleweg|first=Joey|date=November 22, 2022|website=The Striker|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> San Diego place third insyd de league, becoming de first expansion team to qualify for de playoffs insyd dema first season.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2022/10/20/what-to-know-about-san-diego-wave-fc-amid-their-historic-playoff-run/|title=What to know about San Diego Wave FC amid their historic playoff run|last=Rico|first=Carlos|date=October 20, 2022|newspaper=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Insyd de playoffs, dem beat de Chicago Red Stars 2–1 insyd de quarterfinals before losing to de Portland Thorns 2–1 insyd de semifinals.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sandiegowavefc.com/san-diego-wave-fc-finishes-historic-first-season-in-portland/|title=San Diego Wave FC Finishes Historic First Season in Portland|date=October 23, 2022|publisher=[[San Diego Wave FC]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> During ein rookie season, Girma be name insyd de NWSL Best XI of de Month four times wey dem vote am NWSL Rookie of de Month two times. She sanso be named insyd de end-of-year NWSL Best XI First Team<ref name="NWSLXI22">{{Cite web |date=November 3, 2022 |title=NWSL Announces Winners of Mastercard Best XI Awards |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-winners-of-mastercard-best-xi-awards |access-date=October 25, 2022 |website=NWSL Soccer}}</ref> wey she receive both de NWSL Rookie of de Year den NWSL Defender of de Year awards, becoming de first NWSL player to win multiple end-of-year individual awards insyd ein rookie season,<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=San Diego Wave FC Defender Naomi Girma Named 2022 NWSL Rookie of the Year, Presented by Ally |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/san-diego-wave-fc-defender-naomi-girma-named-2022-nwsl-rookie-of-the-year-presented-by-ally |access-date=November 3, 2022 |website=NWSL Soccer}}</ref> wey na dem nominate am for NWSL Most Valuable Player, losing to Sophia Smith.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2022/10/27/sophia-smith-nwsl-mvp-2022/|title=Sophia Smith wins 2022 NWSL MVP Award|last=Kriger|first=Rachael|date=October 27, 2022|website=The Equalizer|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> [[File:Naomi_Girma_(cropped_2).jpg|right|thumb|Girma plus de Wave insyd 2023]] On June 14, 2023, de Wave announce say dem sign Girma to a new contract thru 2026.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37850654/uswnt-naomi-girma-renews-san-diego-wave-fc-contract-2026|title=USWNT's Naomi Girma renews San Diego Wave FC contract through 2026|date=June 14, 2023|access-date=June 14, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Cesar|last=Hernandez}}</ref> She start 19 games during de 2023 regular season,<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 San Diego Wave Stats (NWSL) |url=https://fbref.com/en/squads/bf961da0/2023/San-Diego-Wave-Stats |access-date=January 23, 2025 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> helping de team concede only 22 goals thru out de season (second insyd de NWSL).<ref name="JWS232">{{cite news|url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/naomi-girma-wins-nwsl-defender-of-the-year-in-back-to-back-seasons/|title=Naomi Girma Wins NWSL Defender of the Year in Back-to-Back Seasons|last=Hruby|first=Emma|date=November 8, 2023|website=[[Just Women's Sports]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> San Diego win de NWSL Shield plus de league ein best record, buh dem loose 1–0 to OL Reign insyd de semifinals.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/san-diego-wave-out-of-nwsl-championship-in-home-field-loss-to-reign/3347107/|title=San Diego Wave out of NWSL championship in home-field loss to Reign|date=November 6, 2023|publisher=[[KNSD]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Girma be named insyd de NWSL Best XI of de Month three times during de season.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/san-diego-wave-fc-centerback-naomi-girma-named-2023-nwsl-defender-of-the-year|title=San Diego Wave FC Centerback Naomi Girma Named 2023 NWSL Defender of the Year|date=November 8, 2023|publisher=[[National Women's Soccer League]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> At de end of de year, she be named insyd de NWSL Best XI First Team wey she win NWSL Defender of de Year for a second year insyd a row, becoming de second player to win de award multiple times after Becky Sauerbrunn.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/sports/wave-star-naomi-girma-bags-back-to-back-nwsl-defender-of-the-year-honors/3350491/|title=Wave star Naomi Girma bags back-to-back NWSL Defender of the Year honors|last=Tripp|first=Darnay|date=November 8, 2023|publisher=[[KNSD]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> [[File:NC_Courage_vs_SD_Wave_(Oct_2024)_056.jpg|right|thumb|Girma plus de Wave insyd 2024]] Girma help de Shield holders win de season-opening 2024 NWSL Challenge Cup, shutting out defending playoff champions NJ/NY Gotham FC 1–0 on March 17, 2024.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2024/03/17/san-diego-wave-win-challenge-cup-1-0-gotham-fc/|title=Gotham FC fall to San Diego Wave in 2024 NWSL Challenge Cup|last=Tonelli|first=Jenna|date=March 17, 2024|website=The Equalizer|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> She play insyd a career-high 20 games insyd de 2024 regular season,<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 San Diego Wave Stats (NWSL) |url=https://fbref.com/en/squads/bf961da0/San-Diego-Wave-Stats |access-date=January 23, 2025 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> buh de Wave struggle to repeat dema success, finishing 10th of 14 teams den missing de playoffs for de first time.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.axios.com/local/san-diego/2024/12/03/wave-fc-club-president-jill-ellis-steps-down|title=Wave's 2025 season to mark beginning of a new chapter|last=Murphy|first=Kate|date=December 3, 2024|website=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Girma be named to de NWSL Best XI of de Month two times den de NWSL Best XI Second Team at de end of de year,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emerick |first=Tyler |date=November 18, 2024 |title=Wave Defender Naomi Girma Named to 2024 NWSL Best XI Second Team |url=https://bvmsports.com/2024/11/18/wave-defender-naomi-girma-named-to-2024-nwsl-best-xi-second-team/ |access-date=November 30, 2024 |website=BVM Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> wey dem san nominate am for NWSL Defender of de Year, losing to [[Emily Sams]]. === Chelsea === On January 26, 2025, Women's Super League club Chelsea announce say dem sign Girma on a four-and-a-half-year deal, unveiling am to fans on de same day before dema league match against Arsenal at Stamford Bridge.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 26, 2025 |title=Chelsea sign defender Girma for world record fee |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cp8qmeleld4o |access-date=January 26, 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> De transfer fee reported be approximately $1.1&nbsp;million (£890,000), breaking de world record for a women's soccer transfer wey dey make Girma de first ever women's player to be sold for over $1&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 26, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma transfer: Chelsea complete world-record deal to sign USA defender from San Diego Wave |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/13297010/naomi-girma-transfer-chelsea-complete-world-record-deal-to-sign-usa-defender-from-san-diego-wave |access-date=January 26, 2025 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> She miss de start of de season secof injury,<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 28, 2025 |title=Chelsea Women: World record signing Naomi Girma 'should' be in squad against Brighton |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c3e44lj5899o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> wey she make ein debut give de club during a 2–2 draw against Brighton &amp;amp; Hove Albion on March 2.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2025 |title=Brighton & Hove Albion v Chelsea: Girma makes debut but Chelsea draw with Brighton |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cm2n9wz4kkvt |access-date=March 2, 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma: 'It was nice to finally have her on the pitch' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cq6y97ld11mo |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Girma score ein first goal for Chelsea insyd an FA Cup match against Manchester United on February 22, 2026, scoring insyd extra time to help Chelsea qualify give de quarterfinals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naomi Girma on her landmark goal and a big team effort |url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/article/naomi-girma-on-her-landmark-goal-and-a-big-team-effort |website=www.chelseafc.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2026 |title=USWNT Abroad: Naomi Girma’s 99th-minute winner for Chelsea FC headlines dramatic European weekend &#124; Goal.com UK |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/lists/uswnt-abroad-naomi-girma-s-game-winning-thriller-tullis-joyce-works-over-time-and-heaps-takes-care-of-midfield-magic-for-ol-lyonnes/bltf91ce90b198fa0cf |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Fleming|first=Ciara|date=February 22, 2026|title=Chelsea, Arsenal and Man City into Women's FA Cup quarters|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cz7gl15xjg5o|access-date=February 24, 2026|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> == International career == Girma compete on de United States under-17, under-19 den under-20 den senior national teams.<ref name=":0" /> She captain de under-20 team to win de 2020 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship under head coach Laura Harvey.<ref name="si" /><ref name="auto12">{{cite press release|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/12/girma-wins-2020-us-soccer-young-female-player-of-the-year|title=Naomi Girma Voted 2020 U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of the Year|date=December 21, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]}}</ref> Insyd December 2020, Girma win de 2020 U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of de Year award.<ref name="si" /><ref name="auto12" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.frontrowsoccer.com/2020/12/21/u-s-soccer-honors-girma-named-young-female-player-of-the-year/|title=U.S. SOCCER HONORS: Girma named young female player of the year|date=December 21, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=Front Row Soccer}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://justwomenssports.com/stanfords-naomi-girma-is-staying-focused-on-the-present/|title=Stanford's Naomi Girma is staying focused on present|date=January 19, 2021|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=Just Women's Sports|first=Sydney|last=Shaw}}</ref> Girma receive ein first call-up to de United States senior team insyd December 2019 buh an she for withdraw secof injury.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://wsoccerexpress.com/2019/12/03/uswnt-december-2019-identification-camp-roster-announced-overview/|title=USWNT: December 2019 Identification Camp Roster Announced (Overview)|date=December 3, 2019}}</ref> She sanso be called up insyd October 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/vlatko-andonovskis-uswnt-camp-roster-features-nwsl-mainstays-and-brazil-born-stanford-star-catarina-macario/|title=Vlatko Andonovski's USWNT camp roster features NWSL mainstays and Brazil-born Stanford star Catarina Macario|date=October 9, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|work=[[CBS Sports]]|first=Sandra|last=Herrera}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://justwomenssports.com/stanfords-naomi-girma-on-national-team-camp-and-using-her-platform/|title=Stanford's Naomi Girma on National Team Camp and Using Her Platform|date=October 19, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=Just Women's Sports|first=Sydney|last=Shaw}}</ref> She debut give de senior national team on April 12, 2022, insyd an international friendly against Uzbekistan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2022/04/14/naomi-girma-uswnt-debut-nwsl-rookie-interview-san-diego-wave-top-pick/|title=Naomi Girma is not your average rookie|date=April 14, 2022|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=The Equalizer|first=Jeff|last=Kassouf}}</ref> She sanso appear insyd de 2022 CONCACAF W Championship, wey she register an assist on a goal by [[Sophia Wilson|Sophia Smith]] against Jamaica during de tournament.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lagconfidential.com/2022/7/13/23207095/naomi-girma-legit-uswnt-san-diego-wave|title=For club and country, Naomi Girma is legit|date=July 13, 2022|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=LAG Confidential|first=Alicia|last=Rodriguez}}</ref> Insyd June 2023, Girma be named to de US squad for de 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup insyd Australia den New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/65978315|title=Morgan and Rapinoe named in USA World Cup squad|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> She be a starting defender during de team ein first group stage match against Vietnam: a 3–0 shutout.<ref name="oursportscentral-2023-wwc-debut">{{Cite web |date=July 21, 2023 |title=Morgan Earns an Assist and Girma Secures Defensive Shutout in USA's Win Against Vietnam in 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup |url=https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/morgan-earns-an-assist-and-girma-secures-defensive-shutout-in-usas-win-against-vietnam-in-2023-fifa-womens-world-cup/n-5992414 |access-date=July 24, 2023 |publisher=Our Sports Central}}</ref> During de first half, she start de sequence wey lead to de U.S. ein second goal by lobbing de ball into de box to [[Alex Morgan]] wey head am to scorer [[Sophia Wilson|Sophia Smith]].<ref name="oursportscentral-2023-wwc-debut" /> Girma be named U.S. Soccer ein 2023 Female Player of de Year, becoming de first defender to win de award insyd ein history as na she be a part of a defense wey allow an average of just 0.17 goals per game during de year, de best insyd team history.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2024 |title=Naomi Girma named US Soccer's Female Player of the Year |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/naomi-girma-us-soccer-player-year-uswnt/ |access-date=January 14, 2024 |website=Just Women's Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Insyd 2024, Girma be called up to represent de US at de inaugural 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup den 2024 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USWNT vs. Brazil: Match Recap {{!}} 2024 Concacaf W Gold Cup Final |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/03/concacaf-w-gold-cup-final-uswnt-vs-brazil-score-stats-result-recap |access-date=June 26, 2024 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh • • |first=Sanjesh |date=April 10, 2024 |title=USWNT beats Canada to win 2024 SheBelieves Cup on penalties |url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/sports/soccer/uswnt-canada-shebelieves-cup-final-2024-score-result/3405963/ |access-date=June 26, 2024 |website=NBC Chicago |language=en-US}}</ref> Girma be selected to de 18-player roster for de [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2024 Summer Olympics]] insyd France.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5593017/2024/06/26/uswnt-olympics-roster-2024/|title=Alex Morgan not selected to USWNT for Paris Olympics: Full roster for 2024 Games|last=Linehan|first=Meg|date=June 26, 2024|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=June 26, 2024}}</ref> She widely be praised thru out de tournament as de team ein most important player.<ref name="A2412">{{cite news|url=https://www.allforxi.com/2024/8/6/24214869/naomi-girma-has-established-herself-as-the-uswnts-most-pivotal-player|title=Naomi Girma has established herself as the USWNT's most pivotal player|last=Musarurwa|first=Kudzi|date=August 6, 2024|website=All for XI|publisher=[[SB Nation]]|access-date=August 9, 2024}}</ref><ref name="EO242">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/40751304/uswnt-hayes-girma-best-defender-ever-seen|title=USWNT's Hayes calls Girma 'best defender I've ever seen'|date=August 6, 2024|last=Borden|first=Sam|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=August 9, 2024}}</ref> She be de only field player to play every minute of de tournament thru to de gold medal game against Brazil, wich de United States win 1–0 on a goal from [[Mallory Swanson]].<ref name="A2412" /><ref name="auto32">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/live-blogs/uswnt-brazil-live-updates-paris-olympics-2024-final-score-result/MSnNZ1Hpph4E/|title=USWNT vs Brazil live updates: Mallory Swanson breaks deadlock in Paris Olympics 2024 women's soccer final|last=Mathews|first=Max|date=August 10, 2024|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=August 10, 2024}}</ref> She score ein first den second international goals insyd a friendly match against Argentina on October 30, 2024, insyd Louisville, Kentucky.<ref name="Post-Argentina20242">{{cite news|last=Goff|first=Steven|date=October 30, 2024|title=USWNT wraps up camp with two goals for Naomi Girma and another win|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2024/10/30/uswnt-argentina-naomi-girma-rose-lavelle/|work=The Washington Post|url-access=limited|accessdate=October 31, 2024}}</ref> Insyd January 2025 she pull out of de US squad secof injury.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 11, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma: Women's world record signing misses USA squad with injury |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c4gx5776x20o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Style of play == Considered one of de best center backs insyd de world,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.90min.com/posts/the-best-defenders-women-world-cup-2023-ranked|title=The best defenders at the Women's World Cup 2023 - ranked|last=Spencer|first=Jamie|date=July 17, 2023|website=90min.com|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/39050145/2023-best-50-women-soccer-players-ranked-world|title=ESPN FC Women's Rank: World's 50 best soccer players of 2023|date=December 14, 2023|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/uswnt-defender-naomi-girma-inclusion-mental-health-future-exclusive-interview|title=USWNT Defender Naomi Girma on Championing Representation and Inclusion Across Football: 'I Want It to Be My Legacy|last=Hill|first=Courtney|date=July 24, 2024|publisher=[[Olympics]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> Girma be known for ein composure, intelligence, den leadership.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/columnist/nancy-armour/2023/07/24/naomi-girma-uswnt-athletic-skills-smarts-2023-world-cup/70454815007/|title=Brains and athleticism make Naomi Girma essential to the USWNT at 2023 World Cup|last=Armour|first=Nancy|date=July 24, 2023|website=[[USA Today]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref name="S232">{{cite news|url=https://www.starsandstripesfc.com/2023/7/18/23787664/2023-womens-world-cup-usa-uswnt-united-states-naomi-girma-defender-profile|title=Naomi Girma brings calm to USWNT defense|last=Wine II|first=Donald|date=July 18, 2023|website=Stars and Stripes FC|publisher=[[SB Nation]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> She previously be a central anaa defensive midfielder insyd ein youth before she be converted to center back at a youth national team camp.<ref name="J232">{{cite news|url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/naomi-girma-uswnt-womens-world-cup-stanford-nwsl/|title=Naomi Girma, the USWNT's Consummate Superstar|last=Watkins|first=Claire|date=July 17, 2023|website=[[Just Women's Sports]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref name="G23">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/jul/14/naomi-girma-uswnt-center-back-world-cup-soccer-2023|title=Naomi Girma: the brilliant scientist at the heart of USA's defense|last=Kassouf|first=Jeff|date=July 14, 2024|website=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> She dey anticipate play den dey position einself well to thwart attackers wey she fi use ein speed to beat opponents one-on-one.<ref name="J232" /><ref name="A232">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4109580/2023/01/20/naomi-girma-nwsl-uswnt/|title=What makes Naomi Girma key for USWNT and an NWSL standout with San Diego|last=Lowery|first=Joseph|date=January 20, 2023|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/article/2024/jul/24/uswnt-zambia-paris-olympics-2024-opener-preview-barbra-banda|title=US's immovable object will meet Zambia's unstoppable force in Olympic opener|last=Dure|first=Beau|date=July 24, 2024|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> She get good technical ability den dey pass well to set up plays.<ref name="S232" /><ref name="G23" /><ref name="A232" /> Insyd 2024, na United States head coach [[Emma Hayes]] say Girma be "de best defender I've ever seen".<ref name="EO242" /> Insyd December 2024 she be voted by ''The Guardian'' at de 10th place among de top 100 women's soccer players insyd de world.<ref name="Guarank24">{{Cite news|last=Laverty|first=Rich|last2=Duncan|first2=Pamela|last3=Blight|first3=Garry|last4=Bloor|first4=Steven|date=December 7, 2024|title=The 100 best female footballers in the world 2024|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2024/dec/03/the-100-best-female-footballers-in-the-world-2024|access-date=December 10, 2024|work=[[The Guardian]]|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {{updated|match played April 6, 2026}}<ref>{{soccerway|463755|accessdate=May 18, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{NWSL player|naomi-haile-girma|Naomi Girma}}</ref> {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances den goals by club, season den competition |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|National cup !colspan="2"|League cup !colspan="2"|Continental !colspan="2"|Oda !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- | rowspan="4" |[[San Diego Wave FC]] |[[2022 San Diego Wave FC season|2022]] |[[National Women's Soccer League|NWSL]] |19||0||colspan="2"|—||6||0||colspan="2"|—||2||0||27||0 |- |[[2023 San Diego Wave FC season|2023]] |NWSL |19||0||colspan="2"|—||2||0|| colspan="2"|—||1||0||22||0 |- |[[2024 San Diego Wave FC season|2024]] |NWSL |23||0||colspan="2"|—|| colspan="2"|—||2||0||1||0||26||0 |- !colspan="2"|Total !61!!0!!0!!0!!8!!0!!2!!0!!4!!0!!75!!0 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Chelsea F.C. Women|Chelsea]] |[[2024–25 Chelsea F.C. Women season|2024–25]] |[[Women's Super League]] |5||0||1||0||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|—||8||0 |- |[[2025–26 Chelsea F.C. Women season|2025–26]] |Women's Super League |10||1||3||1||1||0||4||0||colspan="2"|—||18||2 |- !colspan="2"|Total !15!!1!!4!!1!!1!!0!!6!!0!!0!!0!!26!!2 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !76!!1!!4!!1!!9!!0!!8!!0!!4!!0!!101!!2 |} ===International=== {{updated|match played April 17, 2026}}<ref>{{U.S. Soccer player|g/naomi-girma}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- !National Team !! Year !! Apps !! Goals |- | rowspan="5" | [[United States women's national soccer team|United States]] |[[2022 in American soccer#Women's|2022]]||10||0 |- |[[2023 in American soccer#Women's|2023]]||16||0 |- |[[2024 in American soccer#Women's|2024]]||18||2 |- |[[2025 in American soccer#Women's|2025]]||6|| 0 |- |[[2026 in American soccer#Women's|2026]]|| 4 || 1 |- ! colspan="2" | Total !! 54 !! 3 |} {| class="wikitable" |+International goals wey Naomi Girma score !No. !Cap !Date !Venue !Opponent !Score !Result !Competition !Ref. |- | align=center | 1 | rowspan="2" align="center" | 42 | rowspan="2" | October 30, 2024 | rowspan="2" | [[Lynn Family Stadium]], [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S. | rowspan="2" | {{fbw|ARG}} | align=center | 1–0 | align=center rowspan=2 | 3–0 | rowspan="2" | Friendly | rowspan="2" | <ref name="Post-Argentina20242" /> |- | align=center | 2 | align=center | 3–0 |- | align=center | 3 | align="center" | 54 | April 17, 2026 | [[Dick's Sporting Goods Park]], [[Commerce City, Colorado]], U.S. | {{fbw|JPN}} | align=center | 1–0 | align=center | 3–0 | Friendly | <ref>{{cite web |title=USWNT closes three game series against Japan 3–0 victory in Colorado| url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/04/uswnt/us-womens-national-team-closes-three-game-series-against-japan-3-0-victory-in-colorado-match-recap-highlights |date=April 17, 2026 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |} ==Honors== '''Stanford Cardinal''' * [[NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament]]: [[2019 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament|2019]]<ref name="sa2" /><ref name=":0" /> '''San Diego Wave''' * [[NWSL Shield]]: [[2023 NWSL season|2023]]<ref>{{cite web |title=San Diego Wave claim 2023 NWSL Shield |url=https://www.concacaf.com/en/concacafw/news/san-diego-wave-claim-2023-nwsl-shield/ |access-date=October 19, 2023 |website=CONCACAF |date=October 17, 2023}}</ref> * [[NWSL Challenge Cup]]: [[2024 NWSL Challenge Cup|2024]]<ref>{{cite web |date=March 16, 2024 |title=San Diego Wave FC Defeat 1–0 NJ/NY Gotham FC in 2024 UKG NWSL Challenge Cup |url=https://sandiegowavefc.com/san-diego-wave-fc-defeat-1-0-nj-ny-gotham-fc-in-2024-ukg-nwsl-challenge-cup/}}</ref> '''Chelsea''' * [[Women's Super League]]: [[2024–25 Women's Super League|2024–25]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sanders |first1=Emma |title=Chelsea secure sixth successive WSL title at Man Utd |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cwynj4lnz2dt |website=BBC Sport |access-date=May 1, 2025 |date=April 30, 2025 |archive-date=April 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430223800/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cwynj4lnz2dt |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Women's FA Cup]]: [[2024–25 Women's FA Cup|2024–25]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sanders |first1=Emma |title=Chelsea seal treble with FA Cup win over Man Utd |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c5yegvjzq0vt |website=BBC Sport |access-date=May 18, 2025 |date=May 18, 2025 |archive-date=May 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250518193247/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c5yegvjzq0vt |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Women's League Cup]]: [[2025–26 Women's League Cup|2025–26]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sanders |first1=Emma |title=Chelsea 2-0 Manchester United: Lauren James and Aggie-Beever Jones score in League Cup final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cx24ml4d1l2t |website=BBC Sport |access-date=15 March 2026 |date=15 March 2026 |archive-date=15 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260315185726/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cx24ml4d1l2t |url-status=live }}</ref> '''United States U17''' * [[CONCACAF Women's U-17 Championship]]: [[2016 CONCACAF Women's U-17 Championship|2016]]<ref name="awards">{{cite web |url=http://www.concacaf.com/article/tsg-reveals-cu17w-best-xi-awards |title=TSG reveals CU17W Best XI, Awards |publisher=CONCACAF |date=March 14, 2016 |access-date=March 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315084042/http://www.concacaf.com/article/tsg-reveals-cu17w-best-xi-awards |archive-date=March 15, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> '''United States U20''' * [[CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship]]: [[2020 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship|2020]]<ref name="auto1"/> '''United States''' * [[Summer Olympic Games]] Gold Medal: [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2024]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurejko |first=Jonathan |date=August 10, 2024 |title=Brazil 0-1 United States: Emma Hayes leads USA to Olympic gold |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/live/cvg5l5306z6t |access-date=August 10, 2024 |website=BBC Sport |language=}}</ref> * [[CONCACAF Women's Championship]]: [[2022 CONCACAF W Championship|2022]]<ref>{{cite news |first=Andrew |last=Das |title=U.S. Women Beat Canada to Claim Spot in Paris Olympics |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/19/sports/soccer/uswnt-canada-concacaf-w-championship.html |work=The New York Times |date=July 19, 2022}}</ref> * [[CONCACAF W Gold Cup]]: [[2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup|2024]]<ref>{{cite web |date=March 11, 2024 |title=Horan the hero as USA down Brazil to win W Gold Cup crown|url=https://www.concacaf.com/w-gold-cup/news/horan-the-hero-as-usa-down-brazil-to-win-w-gold-cup-crown/ |access-date=March 11, 2024|website=CONCACAF.com}}</ref> * [[SheBelieves Cup]]: [[2023 SheBelieves Cup|2023]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Herrera |first=Sandra |date=February 22, 2023 |title=USWNT vs. Brazil score: USA win SheBelieves Cup with Alex Morgan and Mallory Swanson dominating in attack |url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/uswnt-vs-brazil-score-usa-win-shebelieves-cup-with-alex-morgan-and-mallory-swanson-dominating-in-attack/live/ |access-date=February 23, 2023 |website=CBS Sports |language=}}</ref>[[2024 SheBelieves Cup|2024]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Shebelieves Cup final USWNT vs Canada result |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/04/2024-shebelieves-cup-final-uswnt-vs-canada-result-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap|access-date=April 9, 2024 |work=U.S. Soccer }}</ref> [[2026 SheBelieves Cup|2026]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=2026 Shebelieves Cup USWNT vs Columbia result |url= https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/03/uswnt/us-womens-national-team-defeat-colombia-1-0-on-late-goal-from-alyssa-thompson-to-win-its-eighth-shebelieves-cup |access-date=March 7, 2026 |work=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> '''Individual''' * [[CONCACAF W Championship]] Best XI: [[2022 CONCACAF W Championship|2022]]<ref name="2022BestXI">{{Cite web |date=July 19, 2022 |title=Dumornay, Lavelle and Shaw headline CMU20 Best XI |url=https://www.concacaf.com/women-s-championship/news/dumornay-lavelle-and-shaw-headline-cwc22-best-xi/ |access-date=November 2, 2022 |website=[[CONCACAF]] |language=en}}</ref> * [[U.S. Soccer Player of the Year]]: 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naomi Girma Voted 2023 U.S. Soccer Female Player Of The Year; Olivia Moultrie Voted 2023 Chipotle U.S. Soccer Young Female Player Of The Year |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/01/naomi-girma-2023-female-player-of-the-year-olivia-moultrie-chipotle-young-female-player-of-the-year |access-date=January 11, 2024 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> * [[U.S. Soccer Player of the Year|U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of the Year]]: 2020<ref name="auto1" /> *[[NWSL Defender of the Year]]: [[2022 National Women's Soccer League season#Individual awards|2022]],<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=San Diego Wave FC Defender Naomi Girma Named 2022 NWSL Rookie of the Year, Presented by Ally |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/san-diego-wave-fc-defender-naomi-girma-named-2022-nwsl-rookie-of-the-year-presented-by-ally |access-date=November 3, 2022 |website=NWSL Soccer}}</ref> [[2023 National Women's Soccer League season#Individual awards|2023]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 8, 2023 |title=San Diego Wave FC Centerback Naomi Girma Named 2023 NWSL Defender of the Year |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/san-diego-wave-fc-centerback-naomi-girma-named-2023-nwsl-defender-of-the-year |access-date=November 8, 2023 |website=National Women's Soccer League}}</ref> *[[NWSL Rookie of the Year]]: [[2022 National Women's Soccer League season#Individual awards|2022]]<ref name="auto2"/> *[[NWSL Best XI]]: [[2022 National Women's Soccer League season#Teams of the Year|2022]],<ref name="NWSLXI22">{{Cite web |date=November 3, 2022 |title=NWSL Announces Winners of Mastercard Best XI Awards |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-winners-of-mastercard-best-xi-awards |access-date=October 25, 2022 |website=NWSL Soccer}}</ref> [[2023 National Women's Soccer League season#Teams of the Year|2023]]<ref name="NWSLXI23">{{cite news |date=November 6, 2023 |title=NWSL Announces Winners of 2023 Mastercard Best XI Awards |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-winners-of-2023-mastercard-best-xi-awards |access-date=November 7, 2023}}</ref> *[[NWSL Second XI]]: [[2024 National Women's Soccer League season|2024]]<ref name="NWSLXI24">{{Cite web |last=NWSL |date=November 18, 2024 |title=NWSL Announces Winners of 2024 NWSL Best XI Awards, presented by Amazon Prime |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-winners-of-2024-nwsl-best-xi-awards-presented-by-amazon-prime |access-date=November 18, 2024 |website=NWSL |language=en}}</ref> *[[NWSL Team of the Month]]: May 2022,<ref name="202205-awards">{{cite news |url=https://www.eastvillagetimes.com/nwsl-awards-sd-wave-with-three-monthly-honors/ |title=NWSL awards SD Wave with three monthly honors |date=June 9, 2022 |access-date=August 4, 2022 |publisher=East Village Times |first=Chris |last=Spiering}}</ref> June 2022,<ref name="202206-awards">{{cite news |url=https://www.lagconfidential.com/2022/6/9/23154534/san-diego-wave-fc-naomi-girma-voted-nwsl-rookie-of-the-month-team-of-the-month |title=San Diego Wave FC's Naomi Girma voted NWSL Rookie of the Month |date=June 9, 2022 |access-date=August 4, 2022 |publisher=LAG Confidential |first=Alicia |last=Rodriguez}}</ref> August 2022, September/October 2022,<ref name="202209-awards">{{cite news|url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-september-october-best-xi-of-the-month-presented-by-mastercard|title=NWSL Announces September/October Best XI of the Month, Presented by Mastercard|date=October 14, 2022|publisher=[[National Women's Soccer League]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> March/April 2023, May 2023, September/October 2023, March/April 2024, September 2024 *[[NWSL Rookie of the Month]]: June 2022<ref name="202206-awards"/> September/October 2022 *[[NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament Most Outstanding Player|NCAA Division I Tournament Most Outstanding Defensive Player]]: 2019<ref name="sa2" /> * [[Pac-12 Conference Women's Soccer Defender of the Year|Pac-12 Defender of the Year]]: 2019, 2021<ref name="sa2" /><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://pac-12.com/article/2021/11/11/pac-12-announces-2021-womens-soccer-all-conference-honors |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112192650/https://pac-12.com/article/2021/11/11/pac-12-announces-2021-womens-soccer-all-conference-honors |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2021 |title=Pac-12 announces 2021 women's soccer All-Conference honors |date=November 12, 2021 |access-date=August 4, 2022 |publisher=[[Pac-12]]}}</ref> * The Best FIFA Women's 11: [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2024|2024]]<ref name="fifa_womens-11-revealed-2024">{{cite web |title=Barça stars dominate The Best FIFA Women's 11|url=https://www.fifa.com/en/the-best-fifa-football-awards/2024/articles/womens-11-revealed-2024|website=fifa.com|date=December 17, 2024|access-date=December 18, 2024}}</ref> * ESPN FC Women's Rank: #2 on the 2024 list of 50 best women's soccer players<ref name="ESPNrank24">{{cite web |title=ESPN FC Women's Rank: Top 50 soccer players of 2024|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/42095376/espn-2024-best-50-women-soccer-players-ranked-world|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=November 13, 2024|access-date=January 4, 2025}}</ref> * [[IFFHS World Team#List of winners 2|IFFHS Women's World Team]]: 2024<ref>{{cite web |date=December 27, 2024 |title=IFFHS AWARDS 2024 – THE IFFHS WOMEN WORLD TEAM OF THE YEAR 2024 |url=https://iffhs.com/en/news/iffhs-world-teams-2024-4088 |access-date=January 4, 2025 |publisher=IFFHS}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Girma, Naomi}} [[Category:2000 births]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:American women's soccer players]] [[Category:United States women's youth international soccer players]] [[Category:United States women's under-20 international soccer players]] [[Category:United States women's international soccer players]] [[Category:Stanford Cardinal women's soccer players]] [[Category:First overall NWSL draft picks]] [[Category:San Diego Wave FC players]] [[Category:Women's association football midfielders]] [[Category:American people of Ethiopian descent]] [[Category:Sportspeople of Ethiopian descent]] [[Category:African-American soccer players]] [[Category:National Women's Soccer League players]] [[Category:San Diego Wave FC draft picks]] [[Category:De Anza Force women's players]] [[Category:2023 FIFA Women's World Cup players]] [[Category:21st-century American sportswomen]] [[Category:Soccer players wey komot San Jose, California]] [[Category:Footballers at de 2024 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Medalists at de 2024 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Olympic gold medalists for de United States insyd soccer]] [[Category:Chelsea F.C. Women players]] [[Category:American expatriate sportspeople insyd England]] [[Category:American expatriate women's soccer players]] [[Category:Expatriate women's footballers insyd England]] [[Category:Women's association football central defenders]] [[Category:2022 CONCACAF W Championship players]] [[Category:Women's Super League players]] 7m048ze7jxx8hc5twjn8q0oa94u1yj7 110189 110188 2026-08-18T17:51:42Z DaSupremo 9 Fix references 110189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Naomi Haile Girma''' (born June 14, 2000) be an American professional soccer player wey dey play as a center back give Women's Super League club Chelsea den de United States national team. Girma play college soccer give de Stanford Cardinal, wich she captain to de 2019 national championship. San Diego Wave FC select am first overall insyd de 2022 NWSL Draft. She win NWSL Rookie of de Year wey na dem name am NWSL Defender of de Year insyd both of ein first two seasons, helping lead San Diego to de NWSL Shield insyd 2023. Insyd 2025, she sign plus Chelsea for a reported $1.1&nbsp;million transfer fee, a women's soccer world record. Girma play give de United States at de under-17, under-19, den under-20 levels before making ein senior debut insyd 2022. She be named U.S. Soccer Female Player of de Year insyd 2023. She win gold plus de United States at de [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2024 Paris Olympics]], playing every minute of de tournament. == Early life den college career == Na dem born Girma insyd San Jose, California, to parents Girma Aweke den Seble Demissie, both Ethiopian immigrants wey meet insyd de Bay Area.<ref name="myscience">{{cite news|url=https://www.myscience.org/news/wire/stanford_soccer_captain_naomi_girma_is_a_product_of_her_ethiopian_roots-2020-stanford|title=Stanford soccer captain Naomi Girma is a product of her Ethiopian roots|date=May 29, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=myScience}}</ref><ref name="si">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2022/06/29/naomi-girma-san-diego-wave-uswnt-daily-cover|title=The Support System That Sparked a USWNT Opportunity|date=June 29, 2022|access-date=August 4, 2022|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|first=Gwendolyn|last=Oxenham|author-link=Gwendolyn Oxenham}}</ref><ref name="sa">{{cite news |url=https://www.socceramerica.com/publications/article/85750/rising-us-star-naomi-girma-on-prepping-for-postp.html|title=Rising U.S. star Naomi Girma on prepping for postponed U-20 World Cup, virtual team-building, and falling in love with soccer with a free-play start|date=May 29, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=[[Soccer America]]|first=Mike|last=Woitalla}}</ref> She get one bro, Nathaniel, wey be three years older.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Armour |first=Nancy |date=July 25, 2024 |orig-date=July 25, 2024 |title=How USA's Naomi Girma became 'one of the best defenders in the world' for Olympics |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/columnist/nancy-armour/2024/07/25/naomi-girma-uswnt-paris-olympics/74498047007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812022846/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/columnist/nancy-armour/2024/07/25/naomi-girma-uswnt-paris-olympics/74498047007/ |archive-date=August 12, 2024 |access-date=September 19, 2024 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref> Ein family dey speak both Amharic den English.<ref name="si" /><ref name="sa" /> Insyd ein youth, Girma play give Maleda Soccer Club, a local club wich ein poppie coach.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma: Journey of the world's most expensive female player |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cd65jn94j60o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> She attend Hacienda Elementary School den YMCA after-school basketball matches, following insyd ein bro ein footsteps insyd sports.<ref name="si" /><ref name="sa" /> She sanso practice gymnastics for five years before settling on soccer insyd middle school.<ref name="sa2">{{cite news|url=https://www.socceramerica.com/publications/article/85750/rising-us-star-naomi-girma-on-prepping-for-postp.html|title=Rising U.S. star Naomi Girma on prepping for postponed U-20 World Cup, virtual team-building, and falling in love with soccer with a free-play start|date=May 29, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=[[Soccer America]]|first=Mike|last=Woitalla}}</ref> Girma join local youth club Central Valley Crossfire between de ages of 9 den 17.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma: Journey of the world's most expensive female player |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cd65jn94j60o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Playing under Crossfire coach Bob Joyce, Girma be encouraged to participate insyd Olympic Development Program events wey na dem call am into de United States under-14 national team camp. She subsequently cam be a guest player give De Anza Force,<ref name="si" /> wey she sanso play give de California Thorns Academy<ref name="sa" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Medrano |first=Sofia |date=July 26, 2022 |title=Where the New Age of the USWNT Played Club Soccer |url=https://girlssoccernetwork.com/where-the-new-age-of-the-uswnt-played-club-soccer/ |access-date=August 4, 2022 |publisher=Girls Soccer Network}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Medrano |first=Sofia |date=July 26, 2022 |title=Where the New Age of the USWNT Played Club Soccer |url=https://girlssoccernetwork.com/where-the-new-age-of-the-uswnt-played-club-soccer/ |access-date=August 4, 2022 |publisher=Girls Soccer Network}}</ref> den Pioneer High School.<ref name="sa" /> She commit to play college soccer at Stanford University wen na she be a sophomore.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://gostanford.com/news/2020/12/10/it-takes-a-village|title=It Takes a Village|date=December 10, 2020|publisher=[[Stanford Cardinal]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> She be ranked by ''TopDrawerSoccer'' as de fifth-best college prospect of de 2018 class den part of Stanford ein top-ranked cohort alongside [[Sophia Wilson|Sophia Smith]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/college-soccer-articles/final-2018-womens-di-recruiting-rankings_aid44486|title=Final 2018 Women's DI Recruiting Rankings|date=August 14, 2018|website=[[TopDrawerSoccer]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> === Stanford Cardinal === Girma play all buh one game give de Stanford Cardinal insyd ein freshman season insyd 2018, making 23 appearances (22 starts),<ref name=":0" /> featuring alongside senior Alana Cook insyd central defense.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://gostanford.com/news/2018/11/07/leaders-of-the-pac|title=Leaders of the Pac|date=November 7, 2018|publisher=[[Stanford Cardinal]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> De reigning national champions fini de regular season undefeated, claiming de Pac-12 Conference for de fourth time insyd a row.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://stanforddaily.com/2018/11/05/women-clinch-pac-12-conference-championship/|title=Women's soccer clinch Pac-12 Conference Championship|date=November 5, 2018|newspaper=[[The Stanford Daily]]|access-date=January 23, 2025|last=Zhang|first=Cybele}}</ref> Insyd de NCAA tournament, Girma play every minute for No. 1–seeded Stanford,<ref name=":0" /> scoring ein first two college goals insyd dema 4–1 win against Ole Miss insyd de second round,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.paloaltoonline.com/sports/2018/11/16/unlikely-goal-scorer-helps-stanford-advance-in-ncaa-soccer/|title=Unlikely scorer helps Stanford advance in NCAA soccer|date=November 16, 2018|newspaper=[[Palo Alto Weekly]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> as dem reach de semifinals, losing 2–0 to eventual champions No. 1 Florida State.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/story/_/id/25421467/florida-state-ends-stanford-45-game-unbeaten-run-ncaa-women-soccer-semifinal|title=FSU ends Stanford's 45-game unbeaten run in NCAA women's soccer semifinal|date=November 30, 2018|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> She be named to de All-Pac-12 third team, Pac-12 all-freshman team, den ''TopDrawerSoccer'' Freshman Best XI first team at de end of the season.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Penn_State_Women's_Soccer,_Stanford,_Linnehan_(12)_1_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb|Girma (right) dey play give Stanford insyd 2019]] Girma cam be team captain wey she start all 25 games insyd ein sophomore season insyd 2019, playing every minute of all buh five games,<ref name=":0" /> mostly alongside senior Sam Hiatt.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://stanforddaily.com/2019/11/16/like-a-broken-record-catarina-macario-womens-soccer-could-not-stop-scoring/|title=Like a broken record, Catarina Macario, women's soccer could not stop scoring|last=Martinez-Krams|first=Daniel|date=November 16, 2019|newspaper=[[The Stanford Daily]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Stanford loose only one non-conference game insyd de regular season on de way to dema fifth consecutive Pac-12 championship,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://stanforddaily.com/2019/11/12/tournament-hopes-high-for-top-seeded-womens-soccer/|title=Tournament hopes high for top-seeded women's soccer|date=November 12, 2019|last=Martinez-Krams|first=Daniel|newspaper=[[The Stanford Daily]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> wey Girma scoring insyd de last two games of de regular season.<ref name=":0" /> Insyd de NCAA tournament, No. 1 seeds Stanford advance to de title game after a 4–1 win against No. 2 UCLA insyd de semifinals. Girma help hold No. 1 North Carolina to a 0–0 draw after extra time, before scoring ein penalty kick insyd de resulting shootout as Stanford goalkeeper Katie Meyer make two penalty saves to bring Stanford dema third national title.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/28059417/best-2019-women-ncaa-soccer-tournament-stanford-beats-unc-shootout-take-college-cup|title=Best of the 2019 women's NCAA soccer tournament: Stanford beats UNC in shootout to take College Cup|date=December 9, 2019|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Girma be named de tournament ein Most Outstanding Defensive Player along plus earning Pac-12 Defender of de Year, first-team All-Pac-12, den first-team All-American honors.<ref name=":0" /> Girma miss ein entire junior season, wich be disrupted by de COVID-19 pandemic, after tearing ein ACL.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 19, 2021 |title=Women's soccer looking for win to open 2021 season |url=https://www.stanforddaily.com/2021/02/18/womens-soccer-to-open-2021-season/ |publisher=The Stanford Daily}}</ref> During ein recovery, she apply to wey dem accept am into de Mayfield Fellows Program for entrepreneurship at Stanford.<ref name="si" /> Girma return to action as a senior insyd de fall of 2021, starting all 20 games den dey play every minute of all buh four of dem.<ref name=":0" /> Stanford fini de season fourth insyd de Pac-12 Conference,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://pac-12.com/news/2021/11/12/ncaa-womens-soccer-tournament-ucla-usc-stanford-washington-state-national-championship|title=NCAA Women's Soccer Tournament: One reason each Pac-12 team can win the 2021 College Cup|last=Kelapire|first=Ryan|date=November 12, 2021|publisher=[[Pac-12 Conference]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> losing to Santa Clara insyd de first round of de NCAA tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 13, 2021 |title=2021 DI Women's Soccer Championship - First Round |url=https://www.ncaa.com/game/5908494/play-by-play |access-date=January 23, 2025 |publisher=[[National Collegiate Athletic Association]]}}</ref> Despite de down season, Girma be named Pac-12 Defender of de Year, first-team All-Pac-12, den first-team All-American, all for de second time.<ref name=":0" /> Following de season, she decide to forgo ein remaining college eligibility wey she declare for de 2022 NWSL Draft. She graduate plus a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree insyd symbolic systems insyd 2022<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sports/soccer/story/2021-12-23/stanford-star-nwsl-sdwave-soccer-marta-naomi-girma|title=Naomi Girma captained national champs, earned degree|date=December 23, 2021|access-date=August 4, 2022|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|first=Tom|last=Krasovic}}</ref> wey she continue dey pursue a master's degree insyd management science den engineering after becoming a professional soccer player.<ref name="si" /> == Club career == === San Diego Wave === Expansion side San Diego Wave FC select Girma plus de first overall pick of de 2022 NWSL Draft.<ref name="si" /> She make ein professional debut insyd de Wave ein inaugural game on March 19, 2022, starting insyd a 1–1 draw against Angel City FC insyd de group stage of de NWSL Challenge Cup.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sdnews.com/sd-wave-earns-first-point-after-draw-with-angel-city/|title=SD Wave earns first point after draw with Angel City|last=Trujillo|first=Hector|date=March 21, 2022|website=SDNews.com|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> She start 19 games insyd de 2022 regular season,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://fbref.com/en/squads/bf961da0/2022/San-Diego-Wave-Stats|title=2022 San Diego Wave Stats (NWSL)|website=[[FBref.com]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> featuring primarily alongside Kaleigh Riehl insyd central defense after Abby Dahlkemper be injured.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestriker.com/2022/11/22/riehl-resigns-found-new-home|title=Kaleigh Riehl has found her home|last=Balleweg|first=Joey|date=November 22, 2022|website=The Striker|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> San Diego place third insyd de league, becoming de first expansion team to qualify for de playoffs insyd dema first season.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2022/10/20/what-to-know-about-san-diego-wave-fc-amid-their-historic-playoff-run/|title=What to know about San Diego Wave FC amid their historic playoff run|last=Rico|first=Carlos|date=October 20, 2022|newspaper=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Insyd de playoffs, dem beat de Chicago Red Stars 2–1 insyd de quarterfinals before losing to de Portland Thorns 2–1 insyd de semifinals.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sandiegowavefc.com/san-diego-wave-fc-finishes-historic-first-season-in-portland/|title=San Diego Wave FC Finishes Historic First Season in Portland|date=October 23, 2022|publisher=[[San Diego Wave FC]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> During ein rookie season, Girma be name insyd de NWSL Best XI of de Month four times wey dem vote am NWSL Rookie of de Month two times. She sanso be named insyd de end-of-year NWSL Best XI First Team<ref name="NWSLXI22">{{Cite web |date=November 3, 2022 |title=NWSL Announces Winners of Mastercard Best XI Awards |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-winners-of-mastercard-best-xi-awards |access-date=October 25, 2022 |website=NWSL Soccer}}</ref> wey she receive both de NWSL Rookie of de Year den NWSL Defender of de Year awards, becoming de first NWSL player to win multiple end-of-year individual awards insyd ein rookie season,<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=San Diego Wave FC Defender Naomi Girma Named 2022 NWSL Rookie of the Year, Presented by Ally |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/san-diego-wave-fc-defender-naomi-girma-named-2022-nwsl-rookie-of-the-year-presented-by-ally |access-date=November 3, 2022 |website=NWSL Soccer}}</ref> wey na dem nominate am for NWSL Most Valuable Player, losing to Sophia Smith.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2022/10/27/sophia-smith-nwsl-mvp-2022/|title=Sophia Smith wins 2022 NWSL MVP Award|last=Kriger|first=Rachael|date=October 27, 2022|website=The Equalizer|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> [[File:Naomi_Girma_(cropped_2).jpg|right|thumb|Girma plus de Wave insyd 2023]] On June 14, 2023, de Wave announce say dem sign Girma to a new contract thru 2026.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37850654/uswnt-naomi-girma-renews-san-diego-wave-fc-contract-2026|title=USWNT's Naomi Girma renews San Diego Wave FC contract through 2026|date=June 14, 2023|access-date=June 14, 2023|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Cesar|last=Hernandez}}</ref> She start 19 games during de 2023 regular season,<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 San Diego Wave Stats (NWSL) |url=https://fbref.com/en/squads/bf961da0/2023/San-Diego-Wave-Stats |access-date=January 23, 2025 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> helping de team concede only 22 goals thru out de season (second insyd de NWSL).<ref name="JWS232">{{cite news|url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/naomi-girma-wins-nwsl-defender-of-the-year-in-back-to-back-seasons/|title=Naomi Girma Wins NWSL Defender of the Year in Back-to-Back Seasons|last=Hruby|first=Emma|date=November 8, 2023|website=[[Just Women's Sports]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> San Diego win de NWSL Shield plus de league ein best record, buh dem loose 1–0 to OL Reign insyd de semifinals.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/san-diego-wave-out-of-nwsl-championship-in-home-field-loss-to-reign/3347107/|title=San Diego Wave out of NWSL championship in home-field loss to Reign|date=November 6, 2023|publisher=[[KNSD]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Girma be named insyd de NWSL Best XI of de Month three times during de season.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/san-diego-wave-fc-centerback-naomi-girma-named-2023-nwsl-defender-of-the-year|title=San Diego Wave FC Centerback Naomi Girma Named 2023 NWSL Defender of the Year|date=November 8, 2023|publisher=[[National Women's Soccer League]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> At de end of de year, she be named insyd de NWSL Best XI First Team wey she win NWSL Defender of de Year for a second year insyd a row, becoming de second player to win de award multiple times after Becky Sauerbrunn.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/sports/wave-star-naomi-girma-bags-back-to-back-nwsl-defender-of-the-year-honors/3350491/|title=Wave star Naomi Girma bags back-to-back NWSL Defender of the Year honors|last=Tripp|first=Darnay|date=November 8, 2023|publisher=[[KNSD]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> [[File:NC_Courage_vs_SD_Wave_(Oct_2024)_056.jpg|right|thumb|Girma plus de Wave insyd 2024]] Girma help de Shield holders win de season-opening 2024 NWSL Challenge Cup, shutting out defending playoff champions NJ/NY Gotham FC 1–0 on March 17, 2024.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2024/03/17/san-diego-wave-win-challenge-cup-1-0-gotham-fc/|title=Gotham FC fall to San Diego Wave in 2024 NWSL Challenge Cup|last=Tonelli|first=Jenna|date=March 17, 2024|website=The Equalizer|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> She play insyd a career-high 20 games insyd de 2024 regular season,<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 San Diego Wave Stats (NWSL) |url=https://fbref.com/en/squads/bf961da0/San-Diego-Wave-Stats |access-date=January 23, 2025 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> buh de Wave struggle to repeat dema success, finishing 10th of 14 teams den missing de playoffs for de first time.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.axios.com/local/san-diego/2024/12/03/wave-fc-club-president-jill-ellis-steps-down|title=Wave's 2025 season to mark beginning of a new chapter|last=Murphy|first=Kate|date=December 3, 2024|website=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Girma be named to de NWSL Best XI of de Month two times den de NWSL Best XI Second Team at de end of de year,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emerick |first=Tyler |date=November 18, 2024 |title=Wave Defender Naomi Girma Named to 2024 NWSL Best XI Second Team |url=https://bvmsports.com/2024/11/18/wave-defender-naomi-girma-named-to-2024-nwsl-best-xi-second-team/ |access-date=November 30, 2024 |website=BVM Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> wey dem san nominate am for NWSL Defender of de Year, losing to [[Emily Sams]]. === Chelsea === On January 26, 2025, Women's Super League club Chelsea announce say dem sign Girma on a four-and-a-half-year deal, unveiling am to fans on de same day before dema league match against Arsenal at Stamford Bridge.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 26, 2025 |title=Chelsea sign defender Girma for world record fee |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cp8qmeleld4o |access-date=January 26, 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> De transfer fee reported be approximately $1.1&nbsp;million (£890,000), breaking de world record for a women's soccer transfer wey dey make Girma de first ever women's player to be sold for over $1&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 26, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma transfer: Chelsea complete world-record deal to sign USA defender from San Diego Wave |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/13297010/naomi-girma-transfer-chelsea-complete-world-record-deal-to-sign-usa-defender-from-san-diego-wave |access-date=January 26, 2025 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> She miss de start of de season secof injury,<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 28, 2025 |title=Chelsea Women: World record signing Naomi Girma 'should' be in squad against Brighton |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c3e44lj5899o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> wey she make ein debut give de club during a 2–2 draw against Brighton &amp;amp; Hove Albion on March 2.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2025 |title=Brighton & Hove Albion v Chelsea: Girma makes debut but Chelsea draw with Brighton |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cm2n9wz4kkvt |access-date=March 2, 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma: 'It was nice to finally have her on the pitch' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cq6y97ld11mo |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Girma score ein first goal for Chelsea insyd an FA Cup match against Manchester United on February 22, 2026, scoring insyd extra time to help Chelsea qualify give de quarterfinals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naomi Girma on her landmark goal and a big team effort |url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/article/naomi-girma-on-her-landmark-goal-and-a-big-team-effort |website=www.chelseafc.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2026 |title=USWNT Abroad: Naomi Girma’s 99th-minute winner for Chelsea FC headlines dramatic European weekend &#124; Goal.com UK |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/lists/uswnt-abroad-naomi-girma-s-game-winning-thriller-tullis-joyce-works-over-time-and-heaps-takes-care-of-midfield-magic-for-ol-lyonnes/bltf91ce90b198fa0cf |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Fleming|first=Ciara|date=February 22, 2026|title=Chelsea, Arsenal and Man City into Women's FA Cup quarters|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cz7gl15xjg5o|access-date=February 24, 2026|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> == International career == Girma compete on de United States under-17, under-19 den under-20 den senior national teams.<ref name=":0" /> She captain de under-20 team to win de 2020 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship under head coach Laura Harvey.<ref name="si" /><ref name="auto12">{{cite press release|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/12/girma-wins-2020-us-soccer-young-female-player-of-the-year|title=Naomi Girma Voted 2020 U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of the Year|date=December 21, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]}}</ref> Insyd December 2020, Girma win de 2020 U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of de Year award.<ref name="si" /><ref name="auto12" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.frontrowsoccer.com/2020/12/21/u-s-soccer-honors-girma-named-young-female-player-of-the-year/|title=U.S. SOCCER HONORS: Girma named young female player of the year|date=December 21, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=Front Row Soccer}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://justwomenssports.com/stanfords-naomi-girma-is-staying-focused-on-the-present/|title=Stanford's Naomi Girma is staying focused on present|date=January 19, 2021|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=Just Women's Sports|first=Sydney|last=Shaw}}</ref> Girma receive ein first call-up to de United States senior team insyd December 2019 buh an she for withdraw secof injury.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://wsoccerexpress.com/2019/12/03/uswnt-december-2019-identification-camp-roster-announced-overview/|title=USWNT: December 2019 Identification Camp Roster Announced (Overview)|date=December 3, 2019}}</ref> She sanso be called up insyd October 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/vlatko-andonovskis-uswnt-camp-roster-features-nwsl-mainstays-and-brazil-born-stanford-star-catarina-macario/|title=Vlatko Andonovski's USWNT camp roster features NWSL mainstays and Brazil-born Stanford star Catarina Macario|date=October 9, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|work=[[CBS Sports]]|first=Sandra|last=Herrera}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://justwomenssports.com/stanfords-naomi-girma-on-national-team-camp-and-using-her-platform/|title=Stanford's Naomi Girma on National Team Camp and Using Her Platform|date=October 19, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=Just Women's Sports|first=Sydney|last=Shaw}}</ref> She debut give de senior national team on April 12, 2022, insyd an international friendly against Uzbekistan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2022/04/14/naomi-girma-uswnt-debut-nwsl-rookie-interview-san-diego-wave-top-pick/|title=Naomi Girma is not your average rookie|date=April 14, 2022|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=The Equalizer|first=Jeff|last=Kassouf}}</ref> She sanso appear insyd de 2022 CONCACAF W Championship, wey she register an assist on a goal by [[Sophia Wilson|Sophia Smith]] against Jamaica during de tournament.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lagconfidential.com/2022/7/13/23207095/naomi-girma-legit-uswnt-san-diego-wave|title=For club and country, Naomi Girma is legit|date=July 13, 2022|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=LAG Confidential|first=Alicia|last=Rodriguez}}</ref> Insyd June 2023, Girma be named to de US squad for de 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup insyd Australia den New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/65978315|title=Morgan and Rapinoe named in USA World Cup squad|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> She be a starting defender during de team ein first group stage match against Vietnam: a 3–0 shutout.<ref name="oursportscentral-2023-wwc-debut">{{Cite web |date=July 21, 2023 |title=Morgan Earns an Assist and Girma Secures Defensive Shutout in USA's Win Against Vietnam in 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup |url=https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/morgan-earns-an-assist-and-girma-secures-defensive-shutout-in-usas-win-against-vietnam-in-2023-fifa-womens-world-cup/n-5992414 |access-date=July 24, 2023 |publisher=Our Sports Central}}</ref> During de first half, she start de sequence wey lead to de U.S. ein second goal by lobbing de ball into de box to [[Alex Morgan]] wey head am to scorer [[Sophia Wilson|Sophia Smith]].<ref name="oursportscentral-2023-wwc-debut" /> Girma be named U.S. Soccer ein 2023 Female Player of de Year, becoming de first defender to win de award insyd ein history as na she be a part of a defense wey allow an average of just 0.17 goals per game during de year, de best insyd team history.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2024 |title=Naomi Girma named US Soccer's Female Player of the Year |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/naomi-girma-us-soccer-player-year-uswnt/ |access-date=January 14, 2024 |website=Just Women's Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Insyd 2024, Girma be called up to represent de US at de inaugural 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup den 2024 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USWNT vs. Brazil: Match Recap {{!}} 2024 Concacaf W Gold Cup Final |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/03/concacaf-w-gold-cup-final-uswnt-vs-brazil-score-stats-result-recap |access-date=June 26, 2024 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh • • |first=Sanjesh |date=April 10, 2024 |title=USWNT beats Canada to win 2024 SheBelieves Cup on penalties |url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/sports/soccer/uswnt-canada-shebelieves-cup-final-2024-score-result/3405963/ |access-date=June 26, 2024 |website=NBC Chicago |language=en-US}}</ref> Girma be selected to de 18-player roster for de [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2024 Summer Olympics]] insyd France.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5593017/2024/06/26/uswnt-olympics-roster-2024/|title=Alex Morgan not selected to USWNT for Paris Olympics: Full roster for 2024 Games|last=Linehan|first=Meg|date=June 26, 2024|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=June 26, 2024}}</ref> She widely be praised thru out de tournament as de team ein most important player.<ref name="A2412">{{cite news|url=https://www.allforxi.com/2024/8/6/24214869/naomi-girma-has-established-herself-as-the-uswnts-most-pivotal-player|title=Naomi Girma has established herself as the USWNT's most pivotal player|last=Musarurwa|first=Kudzi|date=August 6, 2024|website=All for XI|publisher=[[SB Nation]]|access-date=August 9, 2024}}</ref><ref name="EO242">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/40751304/uswnt-hayes-girma-best-defender-ever-seen|title=USWNT's Hayes calls Girma 'best defender I've ever seen'|date=August 6, 2024|last=Borden|first=Sam|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=August 9, 2024}}</ref> She be de only field player to play every minute of de tournament thru to de gold medal game against Brazil, wich de United States win 1–0 on a goal from [[Mallory Swanson]].<ref name="A2412" /><ref name="auto32">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/live-blogs/uswnt-brazil-live-updates-paris-olympics-2024-final-score-result/MSnNZ1Hpph4E/|title=USWNT vs Brazil live updates: Mallory Swanson breaks deadlock in Paris Olympics 2024 women's soccer final|last=Mathews|first=Max|date=August 10, 2024|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=August 10, 2024}}</ref> She score ein first den second international goals insyd a friendly match against Argentina on October 30, 2024, insyd Louisville, Kentucky.<ref name="Post-Argentina20242">{{cite news|last=Goff|first=Steven|date=October 30, 2024|title=USWNT wraps up camp with two goals for Naomi Girma and another win|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2024/10/30/uswnt-argentina-naomi-girma-rose-lavelle/|work=The Washington Post|url-access=limited|accessdate=October 31, 2024}}</ref> Insyd January 2025 she pull out of de US squad secof injury.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 11, 2025 |title=Naomi Girma: Women's world record signing misses USA squad with injury |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c4gx5776x20o |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Style of play == Considered one of de best center backs insyd de world,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.90min.com/posts/the-best-defenders-women-world-cup-2023-ranked|title=The best defenders at the Women's World Cup 2023 - ranked|last=Spencer|first=Jamie|date=July 17, 2023|website=90min.com|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/39050145/2023-best-50-women-soccer-players-ranked-world|title=ESPN FC Women's Rank: World's 50 best soccer players of 2023|date=December 14, 2023|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/uswnt-defender-naomi-girma-inclusion-mental-health-future-exclusive-interview|title=USWNT Defender Naomi Girma on Championing Representation and Inclusion Across Football: 'I Want It to Be My Legacy|last=Hill|first=Courtney|date=July 24, 2024|publisher=[[Olympics]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> Girma be known for ein composure, intelligence, den leadership.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/columnist/nancy-armour/2023/07/24/naomi-girma-uswnt-athletic-skills-smarts-2023-world-cup/70454815007/|title=Brains and athleticism make Naomi Girma essential to the USWNT at 2023 World Cup|last=Armour|first=Nancy|date=July 24, 2023|website=[[USA Today]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref name="S232">{{cite news|url=https://www.starsandstripesfc.com/2023/7/18/23787664/2023-womens-world-cup-usa-uswnt-united-states-naomi-girma-defender-profile|title=Naomi Girma brings calm to USWNT defense|last=Wine II|first=Donald|date=July 18, 2023|website=Stars and Stripes FC|publisher=[[SB Nation]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> She previously be a central anaa defensive midfielder insyd ein youth before she be converted to center back at a youth national team camp.<ref name="J232">{{cite news|url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/naomi-girma-uswnt-womens-world-cup-stanford-nwsl/|title=Naomi Girma, the USWNT's Consummate Superstar|last=Watkins|first=Claire|date=July 17, 2023|website=[[Just Women's Sports]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref name="G23">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/jul/14/naomi-girma-uswnt-center-back-world-cup-soccer-2023|title=Naomi Girma: the brilliant scientist at the heart of USA's defense|last=Kassouf|first=Jeff|date=July 14, 2024|website=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> She dey anticipate play den dey position einself well to thwart attackers wey she fi use ein speed to beat opponents one-on-one.<ref name="J232" /><ref name="A232">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4109580/2023/01/20/naomi-girma-nwsl-uswnt/|title=What makes Naomi Girma key for USWNT and an NWSL standout with San Diego|last=Lowery|first=Joseph|date=January 20, 2023|website=[[The Athletic]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/article/2024/jul/24/uswnt-zambia-paris-olympics-2024-opener-preview-barbra-banda|title=US's immovable object will meet Zambia's unstoppable force in Olympic opener|last=Dure|first=Beau|date=July 24, 2024|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> She get good technical ability den dey pass well to set up plays.<ref name="S232" /><ref name="G23" /><ref name="A232" /> Insyd 2024, na United States head coach [[Emma Hayes]] say Girma be "de best defender I've ever seen".<ref name="EO242" /> Insyd December 2024 she be voted by ''The Guardian'' at de 10th place among de top 100 women's soccer players insyd de world.<ref name="Guarank24">{{Cite news|last=Laverty|first=Rich|last2=Duncan|first2=Pamela|last3=Blight|first3=Garry|last4=Bloor|first4=Steven|date=December 7, 2024|title=The 100 best female footballers in the world 2024|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2024/dec/03/the-100-best-female-footballers-in-the-world-2024|access-date=December 10, 2024|work=[[The Guardian]]|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {{updated|match played April 6, 2026}}<ref>{{soccerway|463755|accessdate=May 18, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{NWSL player|naomi-haile-girma|Naomi Girma}}</ref> {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances den goals by club, season den competition |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|National cup !colspan="2"|League cup !colspan="2"|Continental !colspan="2"|Oda !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- | rowspan="4" |[[San Diego Wave FC]] |[[2022 San Diego Wave FC season|2022]] |[[National Women's Soccer League|NWSL]] |19||0||colspan="2"|—||6||0||colspan="2"|—||2||0||27||0 |- |[[2023 San Diego Wave FC season|2023]] |NWSL |19||0||colspan="2"|—||2||0|| colspan="2"|—||1||0||22||0 |- |[[2024 San Diego Wave FC season|2024]] |NWSL |23||0||colspan="2"|—|| colspan="2"|—||2||0||1||0||26||0 |- !colspan="2"|Total !61!!0!!0!!0!!8!!0!!2!!0!!4!!0!!75!!0 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Chelsea F.C. Women|Chelsea]] |[[2024–25 Chelsea F.C. Women season|2024–25]] |[[Women's Super League]] |5||0||1||0||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|—||8||0 |- |[[2025–26 Chelsea F.C. Women season|2025–26]] |Women's Super League |10||1||3||1||1||0||4||0||colspan="2"|—||18||2 |- !colspan="2"|Total !15!!1!!4!!1!!1!!0!!6!!0!!0!!0!!26!!2 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !76!!1!!4!!1!!9!!0!!8!!0!!4!!0!!101!!2 |} ===International=== {{updated|match played April 17, 2026}}<ref>{{U.S. Soccer player|g/naomi-girma}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- !National Team !! Year !! Apps !! Goals |- | rowspan="5" | [[United States women's national soccer team|United States]] |[[2022 in American soccer#Women's|2022]]||10||0 |- |[[2023 in American soccer#Women's|2023]]||16||0 |- |[[2024 in American soccer#Women's|2024]]||18||2 |- |[[2025 in American soccer#Women's|2025]]||6|| 0 |- |[[2026 in American soccer#Women's|2026]]|| 4 || 1 |- ! colspan="2" | Total !! 54 !! 3 |} {| class="wikitable" |+International goals wey Naomi Girma score !No. !Cap !Date !Venue !Opponent !Score !Result !Competition !Ref. |- | align=center | 1 | rowspan="2" align="center" | 42 | rowspan="2" | October 30, 2024 | rowspan="2" | [[Lynn Family Stadium]], [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S. | rowspan="2" | {{fbw|ARG}} | align=center | 1–0 | align=center rowspan=2 | 3–0 | rowspan="2" | Friendly | rowspan="2" | <ref name="Post-Argentina20242" /> |- | align=center | 2 | align=center | 3–0 |- | align=center | 3 | align="center" | 54 | April 17, 2026 | [[Dick's Sporting Goods Park]], [[Commerce City, Colorado]], U.S. | {{fbw|JPN}} | align=center | 1–0 | align=center | 3–0 | Friendly | <ref>{{cite web |title=USWNT closes three game series against Japan 3–0 victory in Colorado| url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/04/uswnt/us-womens-national-team-closes-three-game-series-against-japan-3-0-victory-in-colorado-match-recap-highlights |date=April 17, 2026 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |} ==Honors== '''Stanford Cardinal''' * [[NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament]]: [[2019 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament|2019]]<ref name="sa" /><ref name=":0" /> '''San Diego Wave''' * [[NWSL Shield]]: [[2023 NWSL season|2023]]<ref>{{cite web |title=San Diego Wave claim 2023 NWSL Shield |url=https://www.concacaf.com/en/concacafw/news/san-diego-wave-claim-2023-nwsl-shield/ |access-date=October 19, 2023 |website=CONCACAF |date=October 17, 2023}}</ref> * [[NWSL Challenge Cup]]: [[2024 NWSL Challenge Cup|2024]]<ref>{{cite web |date=March 16, 2024 |title=San Diego Wave FC Defeat 1–0 NJ/NY Gotham FC in 2024 UKG NWSL Challenge Cup |url=https://sandiegowavefc.com/san-diego-wave-fc-defeat-1-0-nj-ny-gotham-fc-in-2024-ukg-nwsl-challenge-cup/}}</ref> '''Chelsea''' * [[Women's Super League]]: [[2024–25 Women's Super League|2024–25]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sanders |first1=Emma |title=Chelsea secure sixth successive WSL title at Man Utd |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cwynj4lnz2dt |website=BBC Sport |access-date=May 1, 2025 |date=April 30, 2025 |archive-date=April 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430223800/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cwynj4lnz2dt |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Women's FA Cup]]: [[2024–25 Women's FA Cup|2024–25]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sanders |first1=Emma |title=Chelsea seal treble with FA Cup win over Man Utd |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c5yegvjzq0vt |website=BBC Sport |access-date=May 18, 2025 |date=May 18, 2025 |archive-date=May 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250518193247/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c5yegvjzq0vt |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Women's League Cup]]: [[2025–26 Women's League Cup|2025–26]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sanders |first1=Emma |title=Chelsea 2-0 Manchester United: Lauren James and Aggie-Beever Jones score in League Cup final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cx24ml4d1l2t |website=BBC Sport |access-date=15 March 2026 |date=15 March 2026 |archive-date=15 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260315185726/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cx24ml4d1l2t |url-status=live }}</ref> '''United States U17''' * [[CONCACAF Women's U-17 Championship]]: [[2016 CONCACAF Women's U-17 Championship|2016]]<ref name="awards">{{cite web |url=http://www.concacaf.com/article/tsg-reveals-cu17w-best-xi-awards |title=TSG reveals CU17W Best XI, Awards |publisher=CONCACAF |date=March 14, 2016 |access-date=March 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315084042/http://www.concacaf.com/article/tsg-reveals-cu17w-best-xi-awards |archive-date=March 15, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> '''United States U20''' * [[CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship]]: [[2020 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship|2020]]<ref name="auto14">{{cite press release |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/12/girma-wins-2020-us-soccer-young-female-player-of-the-year|title=Naomi Girma Voted 2020 U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of the Year|date=December 21, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]}}</ref> '''United States''' * [[Summer Olympic Games]] Gold Medal: [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2024]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurejko |first=Jonathan |date=August 10, 2024 |title=Brazil 0-1 United States: Emma Hayes leads USA to Olympic gold |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/live/cvg5l5306z6t |access-date=August 10, 2024 |website=BBC Sport |language=}}</ref> * [[CONCACAF Women's Championship]]: [[2022 CONCACAF W Championship|2022]]<ref>{{cite news |first=Andrew |last=Das |title=U.S. Women Beat Canada to Claim Spot in Paris Olympics |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/19/sports/soccer/uswnt-canada-concacaf-w-championship.html |work=The New York Times |date=July 19, 2022}}</ref> * [[CONCACAF W Gold Cup]]: [[2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup|2024]]<ref>{{cite web |date=March 11, 2024 |title=Horan the hero as USA down Brazil to win W Gold Cup crown|url=https://www.concacaf.com/w-gold-cup/news/horan-the-hero-as-usa-down-brazil-to-win-w-gold-cup-crown/ |access-date=March 11, 2024|website=CONCACAF.com}}</ref> * [[SheBelieves Cup]]: [[2023 SheBelieves Cup|2023]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Herrera |first=Sandra |date=February 22, 2023 |title=USWNT vs. Brazil score: USA win SheBelieves Cup with Alex Morgan and Mallory Swanson dominating in attack |url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/uswnt-vs-brazil-score-usa-win-shebelieves-cup-with-alex-morgan-and-mallory-swanson-dominating-in-attack/live/ |access-date=February 23, 2023 |website=CBS Sports |language=}}</ref>[[2024 SheBelieves Cup|2024]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Shebelieves Cup final USWNT vs Canada result |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/04/2024-shebelieves-cup-final-uswnt-vs-canada-result-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap|access-date=April 9, 2024 |work=U.S. Soccer }}</ref> [[2026 SheBelieves Cup|2026]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=2026 Shebelieves Cup USWNT vs Columbia result |url= https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/03/uswnt/us-womens-national-team-defeat-colombia-1-0-on-late-goal-from-alyssa-thompson-to-win-its-eighth-shebelieves-cup |access-date=March 7, 2026 |work=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> '''Individual''' * [[CONCACAF W Championship]] Best XI: [[2022 CONCACAF W Championship|2022]]<ref name="2022BestXI">{{Cite web |date=July 19, 2022 |title=Dumornay, Lavelle and Shaw headline CMU20 Best XI |url=https://www.concacaf.com/women-s-championship/news/dumornay-lavelle-and-shaw-headline-cwc22-best-xi/ |access-date=November 2, 2022 |website=[[CONCACAF]] |language=en}}</ref> * [[U.S. Soccer Player of the Year]]: 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naomi Girma Voted 2023 U.S. Soccer Female Player Of The Year; Olivia Moultrie Voted 2023 Chipotle U.S. Soccer Young Female Player Of The Year |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/01/naomi-girma-2023-female-player-of-the-year-olivia-moultrie-chipotle-young-female-player-of-the-year |access-date=January 11, 2024 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> * [[U.S. Soccer Player of the Year|U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of the Year]]: 2020<ref name="auto13">{{cite press release |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/12/girma-wins-2020-us-soccer-young-female-player-of-the-year|title=Naomi Girma Voted 2020 U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of the Year|date=December 21, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2022|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]}}</ref> *[[NWSL Defender of the Year]]: [[2022 National Women's Soccer League season#Individual awards|2022]],<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=San Diego Wave FC Defender Naomi Girma Named 2022 NWSL Rookie of the Year, Presented by Ally |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/san-diego-wave-fc-defender-naomi-girma-named-2022-nwsl-rookie-of-the-year-presented-by-ally |access-date=November 3, 2022 |website=NWSL Soccer}}</ref> [[2023 National Women's Soccer League season#Individual awards|2023]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 8, 2023 |title=San Diego Wave FC Centerback Naomi Girma Named 2023 NWSL Defender of the Year |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/san-diego-wave-fc-centerback-naomi-girma-named-2023-nwsl-defender-of-the-year |access-date=November 8, 2023 |website=National Women's Soccer League}}</ref> *[[NWSL Rookie of the Year]]: [[2022 National Women's Soccer League season#Individual awards|2022]]<ref name="auto2"/> *[[NWSL Best XI]]: [[2022 National Women's Soccer League season#Teams of the Year|2022]],<ref name="NWSLXI22">{{Cite web |date=November 3, 2022 |title=NWSL Announces Winners of Mastercard Best XI Awards |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-winners-of-mastercard-best-xi-awards |access-date=October 25, 2022 |website=NWSL Soccer}}</ref> [[2023 National Women's Soccer League season#Teams of the Year|2023]]<ref name="NWSLXI23">{{cite news |date=November 6, 2023 |title=NWSL Announces Winners of 2023 Mastercard Best XI Awards |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-winners-of-2023-mastercard-best-xi-awards |access-date=November 7, 2023}}</ref> *[[NWSL Second XI]]: [[2024 National Women's Soccer League season|2024]]<ref name="NWSLXI24">{{Cite web |last=NWSL |date=November 18, 2024 |title=NWSL Announces Winners of 2024 NWSL Best XI Awards, presented by Amazon Prime |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-winners-of-2024-nwsl-best-xi-awards-presented-by-amazon-prime |access-date=November 18, 2024 |website=NWSL |language=en}}</ref> *[[NWSL Team of the Month]]: May 2022,<ref name="202205-awards">{{cite news |url=https://www.eastvillagetimes.com/nwsl-awards-sd-wave-with-three-monthly-honors/ |title=NWSL awards SD Wave with three monthly honors |date=June 9, 2022 |access-date=August 4, 2022 |publisher=East Village Times |first=Chris |last=Spiering}}</ref> June 2022,<ref name="202206-awards">{{cite news |url=https://www.lagconfidential.com/2022/6/9/23154534/san-diego-wave-fc-naomi-girma-voted-nwsl-rookie-of-the-month-team-of-the-month |title=San Diego Wave FC's Naomi Girma voted NWSL Rookie of the Month |date=June 9, 2022 |access-date=August 4, 2022 |publisher=LAG Confidential |first=Alicia |last=Rodriguez}}</ref> August 2022, September/October 2022,<ref name="202209-awards">{{cite news|url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-september-october-best-xi-of-the-month-presented-by-mastercard|title=NWSL Announces September/October Best XI of the Month, Presented by Mastercard|date=October 14, 2022|publisher=[[National Women's Soccer League]]|access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> March/April 2023, May 2023, September/October 2023, March/April 2024, September 2024 *[[NWSL Rookie of the Month]]: June 2022<ref name="202206-awards"/> September/October 2022 *[[NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament Most Outstanding Player|NCAA Division I Tournament Most Outstanding Defensive Player]]: 2019<ref name="sa" /> * [[Pac-12 Conference Women's Soccer Defender of the Year|Pac-12 Defender of the Year]]: 2019, 2021<ref name="sa" /><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://pac-12.com/article/2021/11/11/pac-12-announces-2021-womens-soccer-all-conference-honors |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112192650/https://pac-12.com/article/2021/11/11/pac-12-announces-2021-womens-soccer-all-conference-honors |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2021 |title=Pac-12 announces 2021 women's soccer All-Conference honors |date=November 12, 2021 |access-date=August 4, 2022 |publisher=[[Pac-12]]}}</ref> * The Best FIFA Women's 11: [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2024|2024]]<ref name="fifa_womens-11-revealed-2024">{{cite web |title=Barça stars dominate The Best FIFA Women's 11|url=https://www.fifa.com/en/the-best-fifa-football-awards/2024/articles/womens-11-revealed-2024|website=fifa.com|date=December 17, 2024|access-date=December 18, 2024}}</ref> * ESPN FC Women's Rank: #2 on the 2024 list of 50 best women's soccer players<ref name="ESPNrank24">{{cite web |title=ESPN FC Women's Rank: Top 50 soccer players of 2024|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/42095376/espn-2024-best-50-women-soccer-players-ranked-world|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=November 13, 2024|access-date=January 4, 2025}}</ref> * [[IFFHS World Team#List of winners 2|IFFHS Women's World Team]]: 2024<ref>{{cite web |date=December 27, 2024 |title=IFFHS AWARDS 2024 – THE IFFHS WOMEN WORLD TEAM OF THE YEAR 2024 |url=https://iffhs.com/en/news/iffhs-world-teams-2024-4088 |access-date=January 4, 2025 |publisher=IFFHS}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Girma, Naomi}} [[Category:2000 births]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:American women's soccer players]] [[Category:United States women's youth international soccer players]] [[Category:United States women's under-20 international soccer players]] [[Category:United States women's international soccer players]] [[Category:Stanford Cardinal women's soccer players]] [[Category:First overall NWSL draft picks]] [[Category:San Diego Wave FC players]] [[Category:Women's association football midfielders]] [[Category:American people of Ethiopian descent]] [[Category:Sportspeople of Ethiopian descent]] [[Category:African-American soccer players]] [[Category:National Women's Soccer League players]] [[Category:San Diego Wave FC draft picks]] [[Category:De Anza Force women's players]] [[Category:2023 FIFA Women's World Cup players]] [[Category:21st-century American sportswomen]] [[Category:Soccer players wey komot San Jose, California]] [[Category:Footballers at de 2024 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Medalists at de 2024 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Olympic gold medalists for de United States insyd soccer]] [[Category:Chelsea F.C. Women players]] [[Category:American expatriate sportspeople insyd England]] [[Category:American expatriate women's soccer players]] [[Category:Expatriate women's footballers insyd England]] [[Category:Women's association football central defenders]] [[Category:2022 CONCACAF W Championship players]] [[Category:Women's Super League players]] 9kakug2w8270fo39jxoxilodntlj7m4 Category:Sportspeople of Ethiopian descent 14 29734 110182 2026-08-18T17:33:38Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 110182 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:De Anza Force women's players 14 29735 110183 2026-08-18T17:33:48Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 110183 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Soccer players wey komot San Jose, California 14 29736 110184 2026-08-18T17:34:01Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 110184 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Template:U.S. Soccer player 10 29737 110186 2026-08-18T17:41:06Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh template 110186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if: {{{1|}}} {{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} | [{{#if: {{{archive|}}} | https://web.archive.org/web/{{{archive}}}/ }}https://www.ussoccer.com/players/{{#if: 1 | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} }} {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }}] at [[United States Soccer Federation|U.S. Soccer]]{{#if: {{{archive|}}} | &#32;(archived) }} | <span class="error">&#123;&#123;[[Template:U.S. Soccer player|U.S. Soccer player]]&#125;&#125; template missing ID.</span>{{preview warning|1=To find the ID, try these searches at [https://www.ussoccer.com/search/{{replace|{{Remove accents|1={{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}| |-}} U.S. Soccer] or [https://www.google.com/search?udm=14&q={{urlencode:{{Remove accents|1={{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}|QUERY}}+site%3Aussoccer.com%2Fplayers%2F Google].}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> i30ok81lk8ar8asdn1w5gdaeq00x4nd Template:NWSL player 10 29738 110187 2026-08-18T17:42:01Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh template 110187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P5222}} | [{{#if: {{{archive|}}} | https://web.archive.org/web/{{{archive}}}/ }}https://www.nwslsoccer.com/players/{{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P5222}}|sep=,}} }} {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }}] at the [[National Women's Soccer League]]{{#if: {{{archive|}}} | &#32;(archived) }}<includeonly>{{Edit at Wikidata|pid=P5222|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly>{{Wikidata check|property=P5222|value={{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}|category=NWSL player template with ID|namespaces=0|nocatsame=1}} | <span class="error">&#123;&#123;[[Template:NWSL player|NWSL player]]&#125;&#125; template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.</span>{{preview warning|1=To find the ID, see the [https://www.nwslsoccer.com/players NWSL players page] or try this [https://www.google.com/search?udm=14&q={{urlencode:{{Remove accents|1={{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}+site%3Awww.nwslsoccer.com%2Fplayers%2F Google search].}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|0|[[Category:NWSL player template missing ID and not in Wikidata]]}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} [[Category:National Women's Soccer League templates]] </noinclude> frvoqvxjqqcpt0qthjqr6q4j1gziwuz Schistosomiasis 0 29739 110190 2026-08-18T18:40:20Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1489491|Schistosomiasis]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 110190 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u 110191 110190 2026-08-18T18:57:24Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 110191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Schistosomiasis''', dem sanso know as '''snail fever''', '''bilharzia''', den '''Katayama fever'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2011 |title=Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) |url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/schistosomiasis/Pages/Introduction.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315131919/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/schistosomiasis/Pages/Introduction.aspx |archive-date=15 March 2014 |access-date=15 March 2014 |website=NHS Choices}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Schistosomiasis |url=https://patient.info/doctor/infectious-disease/schistosomiasis-pro |access-date=2026-08-18 |website=patient.info |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Colley DG, Bustinduy AL, Secor WE, King CH | title = Human schistosomiasis | journal = Lancet | volume = 383 | issue = 9936 | pages = 2253–64 | date = June 2014 | pmid = 24698483 | pmc = 4672382 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61949-2 | bibcode = 2014Lanc..383.2253C }}</ref> be a tropical disease, specifically a helminthiasis wey de parasitic flatworm of de genus ''Schistosoma'' cause.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Schistosomiasis dey affect humans as well as oda animals. E dey affect de urinary tract anaa de intestines.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Symptoms dey include abdominal pain, [[diarrhea]], bloody stool, anaa blood insyd de urine.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Those wey get a schistosomiasis infection for a long time fi experience liver damage, kidney failure, infertility, anaa bladder cancer.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Insyd kiddies, schistosomiasis fi cause failure to thrive, poor growth, den learning difficulties.<ref name="WHO2014">{{cite web | title=Schistosomiasis Fact sheet N°115 | url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en | publisher=World Health Organization | access-date=15 March 2014 | date=3 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312203924/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en/ | archive-date=12 March 2014}}</ref> Schistosomiasis be classified as a helminth infection.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 August 2013 |title=Chapter 3 Infectious Diseases Related To Travel |url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/schistosomiasis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402165447/http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/schistosomiasis |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=cdc.gov}}</ref> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == 7ru7529u3bvhzi5n04n43kq40fmfovr 110192 110191 2026-08-18T19:04:20Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 110192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Schistosomiasis''', dem sanso know as '''snail fever''', '''bilharzia''', den '''Katayama fever'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2011 |title=Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) |url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/schistosomiasis/Pages/Introduction.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315131919/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/schistosomiasis/Pages/Introduction.aspx |archive-date=15 March 2014 |access-date=15 March 2014 |website=NHS Choices}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Schistosomiasis |url=https://patient.info/doctor/infectious-disease/schistosomiasis-pro |access-date=2026-08-18 |website=patient.info |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Colley DG, Bustinduy AL, Secor WE, King CH | title = Human schistosomiasis | journal = Lancet | volume = 383 | issue = 9936 | pages = 2253–64 | date = June 2014 | pmid = 24698483 | pmc = 4672382 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61949-2 | bibcode = 2014Lanc..383.2253C }}</ref> be a tropical disease, specifically a helminthiasis wey de parasitic flatworm of de genus ''Schistosoma'' cause.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Schistosomiasis dey affect humans as well as oda animals. E dey affect de urinary tract anaa de intestines.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Symptoms dey include abdominal pain, [[diarrhea]], bloody stool, anaa blood insyd de urine.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Those wey get a schistosomiasis infection for a long time fi experience liver damage, kidney failure, infertility, anaa bladder cancer.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Insyd kiddies, schistosomiasis fi cause failure to thrive, poor growth, den learning difficulties.<ref name="WHO2014">{{cite web | title=Schistosomiasis Fact sheet N°115 | url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en | publisher=World Health Organization | access-date=15 March 2014 | date=3 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312203924/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en/ | archive-date=12 March 2014}}</ref> Schistosomiasis be classified as a helminth infection.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 August 2013 |title=Chapter 3 Infectious Diseases Related To Travel |url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/schistosomiasis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402165447/http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/schistosomiasis |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=cdc.gov}}</ref> Schistosomiasis be spread by contact plus fresh water contaminate plus parasites dem release from infected freshwater snails.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2024-10-29 |title=Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia): Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology |url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228392-overview |journal=Schistosomiasis}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2024-06-17 |title=About Schistosomiasis |url=https://www.cdc.gov/schistosomiasis/about/index.html |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Schistosomiasis |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name="WHO2014" /> [[Medical diagnosis]] be made by finding de parasite ein eggs insyd a person ein urine anaa stool.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Diagnosis sanso fi be confirmed by finding antibodies against de disease insyd de blood.<ref name="WHO2014" /> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 6diehxu1gjlp1der7yzdthvqo2nn04h 110193 110192 2026-08-18T19:08:38Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 110193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Schistosomiasis''', dem sanso know as '''snail fever''', '''bilharzia''', den '''Katayama fever'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2011 |title=Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) |url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/schistosomiasis/Pages/Introduction.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315131919/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/schistosomiasis/Pages/Introduction.aspx |archive-date=15 March 2014 |access-date=15 March 2014 |website=NHS Choices}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Schistosomiasis |url=https://patient.info/doctor/infectious-disease/schistosomiasis-pro |access-date=2026-08-18 |website=patient.info |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Colley DG, Bustinduy AL, Secor WE, King CH | title = Human schistosomiasis | journal = Lancet | volume = 383 | issue = 9936 | pages = 2253–64 | date = June 2014 | pmid = 24698483 | pmc = 4672382 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61949-2 | bibcode = 2014Lanc..383.2253C }}</ref> be a tropical disease, specifically a helminthiasis wey de parasitic flatworm of de genus ''Schistosoma'' cause.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Schistosomiasis dey affect humans as well as oda animals. E dey affect de urinary tract anaa de intestines.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Symptoms dey include abdominal pain, [[diarrhea]], bloody stool, anaa blood insyd de urine.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Those wey get a schistosomiasis infection for a long time fi experience liver damage, kidney failure, infertility, anaa bladder cancer.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Insyd kiddies, schistosomiasis fi cause failure to thrive, poor growth, den learning difficulties.<ref name="WHO2014">{{cite web | title=Schistosomiasis Fact sheet N°115 | url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en | publisher=World Health Organization | access-date=15 March 2014 | date=3 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312203924/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en/ | archive-date=12 March 2014}}</ref> Schistosomiasis be classified as a helminth infection.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 August 2013 |title=Chapter 3 Infectious Diseases Related To Travel |url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/schistosomiasis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402165447/http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/schistosomiasis |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=cdc.gov}}</ref> Schistosomiasis be spread by contact plus fresh water contaminate plus parasites dem release from infected freshwater snails.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2024-10-29 |title=Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia): Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology |url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228392-overview |journal=Schistosomiasis}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2024-06-17 |title=About Schistosomiasis |url=https://www.cdc.gov/schistosomiasis/about/index.html |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Schistosomiasis |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name="WHO2014" /> [[Medical diagnosis]] be made by finding de parasite ein eggs insyd a person ein urine anaa stool.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Diagnosis sanso fi be confirmed by finding antibodies against de disease insyd de blood.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Methods of preventing de disease dey include improving access to clean water den reducing de number of snails.<ref name=WHO2014/> Insyd areas wer de disease be common, de medication praziquantel fi be given once a year to de entire at-risk group.<ref name=WHO2014/> Dis be done to decrease de number of people dem infect, den consequently, de spread of de disease.<ref name=WHO2014/> Praziquantel sanso be de treatment wey de [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) recommend for those wey be known to be infected.<ref name=WHO2014/> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 4v5qrv6psw9cyqrr9jgqn0ih1iwqfun 110194 110193 2026-08-18T19:11:35Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 110194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Schistosomiasis''', dem sanso know as '''snail fever''', '''bilharzia''', den '''Katayama fever'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2011 |title=Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) |url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/schistosomiasis/Pages/Introduction.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315131919/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/schistosomiasis/Pages/Introduction.aspx |archive-date=15 March 2014 |access-date=15 March 2014 |website=NHS Choices}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Schistosomiasis |url=https://patient.info/doctor/infectious-disease/schistosomiasis-pro |access-date=2026-08-18 |website=patient.info |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Colley DG, Bustinduy AL, Secor WE, King CH | title = Human schistosomiasis | journal = Lancet | volume = 383 | issue = 9936 | pages = 2253–64 | date = June 2014 | pmid = 24698483 | pmc = 4672382 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61949-2 | bibcode = 2014Lanc..383.2253C }}</ref> be a tropical disease, specifically a helminthiasis wey de parasitic flatworm of de genus ''Schistosoma'' cause.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Schistosomiasis dey affect humans as well as oda animals. E dey affect de urinary tract anaa de intestines.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Symptoms dey include abdominal pain, [[diarrhea]], bloody stool, anaa blood insyd de urine.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Those wey get a schistosomiasis infection for a long time fi experience liver damage, kidney failure, infertility, anaa bladder cancer.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Insyd kiddies, schistosomiasis fi cause failure to thrive, poor growth, den learning difficulties.<ref name="WHO2014">{{cite web | title=Schistosomiasis Fact sheet N°115 | url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en | publisher=World Health Organization | access-date=15 March 2014 | date=3 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312203924/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en/ | archive-date=12 March 2014}}</ref> Schistosomiasis be classified as a helminth infection.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 August 2013 |title=Chapter 3 Infectious Diseases Related To Travel |url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/schistosomiasis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402165447/http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/schistosomiasis |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=cdc.gov}}</ref> Schistosomiasis be spread by contact plus fresh water contaminate plus parasites dem release from infected freshwater snails.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2024-10-29 |title=Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia): Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology |url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228392-overview |journal=Schistosomiasis}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2024-06-17 |title=About Schistosomiasis |url=https://www.cdc.gov/schistosomiasis/about/index.html |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Schistosomiasis |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name="WHO2014" /> [[Medical diagnosis]] be made by finding de parasite ein eggs insyd a person ein urine anaa stool.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Diagnosis sanso fi be confirmed by finding antibodies against de disease insyd de blood.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Methods of preventing de disease dey include improving access to clean water den reducing de number of snails.<ref name=WHO2014/> Insyd areas wer de disease be common, de medication praziquantel fi be given once a year to de entire at-risk group.<ref name=WHO2014/> Dis be done to decrease de number of people dem infect, den consequently, de spread of de disease.<ref name=WHO2014/> Praziquantel sanso be de treatment wey de [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) recommend for those wey be known to be infected.<ref name=WHO2014/> De [[disease]] be especially common among kiddies insyd developing countries, as kiddies der be more likely to play insyd contaminated water.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Schistosomiasis sanso be common among women, as dem generally get greater exposure thru daily chores wey involve water, such as washing clothes den fetching water.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trienekens |first1=Suzan C. M. |last2=Faust |first2=Christina L. |last3=Meginnis |first3=Keila |last4=Pickering |first4=Lucy |last5=Ericsson |first5=Olivia |last6=Nankasi |first6=Andrina |last7=Moses |first7=Arinaitwe |last8=Tukahebwa |first8=Edridah M. |last9=Lamberton |first9=Poppy H. L. |date=2020-05-13 |title=Impacts of host gender on Schistosoma mansoni risk in rural Uganda—A mixed-methods approach |journal=PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |language=en |volume=14 |issue=5 |article-number=e0008266 |doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0008266 |issn=1935-2735 |pmc=7219705 |pmid=32401770 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Oda high-risk groups dey include farmers, fishermen, den people wey dey use unclean water during daily living.<ref name="WHO2014" /> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] c9fj20w1cak60hlootjf52h4ufdhm7i 110195 110194 2026-08-18T19:15:21Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 110195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Schistosomiasis''', dem sanso know as '''snail fever''', '''bilharzia''', den '''Katayama fever'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2011 |title=Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) |url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/schistosomiasis/Pages/Introduction.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315131919/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/schistosomiasis/Pages/Introduction.aspx |archive-date=15 March 2014 |access-date=15 March 2014 |website=NHS Choices}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Schistosomiasis |url=https://patient.info/doctor/infectious-disease/schistosomiasis-pro |access-date=2026-08-18 |website=patient.info |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Colley DG, Bustinduy AL, Secor WE, King CH | title = Human schistosomiasis | journal = Lancet | volume = 383 | issue = 9936 | pages = 2253–64 | date = June 2014 | pmid = 24698483 | pmc = 4672382 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61949-2 | bibcode = 2014Lanc..383.2253C }}</ref> be a tropical disease, specifically a helminthiasis wey de parasitic flatworm of de genus ''Schistosoma'' cause.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Schistosomiasis dey affect humans as well as oda animals. E dey affect de urinary tract anaa de intestines.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Symptoms dey include abdominal pain, [[diarrhea]], bloody stool, anaa blood insyd de urine.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Those wey get a schistosomiasis infection for a long time fi experience liver damage, kidney failure, infertility, anaa bladder cancer.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Insyd kiddies, schistosomiasis fi cause failure to thrive, poor growth, den learning difficulties.<ref name="WHO2014">{{cite web | title=Schistosomiasis Fact sheet N°115 | url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en | publisher=World Health Organization | access-date=15 March 2014 | date=3 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312203924/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en/ | archive-date=12 March 2014}}</ref> Schistosomiasis be classified as a helminth infection.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 August 2013 |title=Chapter 3 Infectious Diseases Related To Travel |url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/schistosomiasis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402165447/http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/schistosomiasis |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=cdc.gov}}</ref> Schistosomiasis be spread by contact plus fresh water contaminate plus parasites dem release from infected freshwater snails.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2024-10-29 |title=Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia): Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology |url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228392-overview |journal=Schistosomiasis}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2024-06-17 |title=About Schistosomiasis |url=https://www.cdc.gov/schistosomiasis/about/index.html |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Schistosomiasis |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name="WHO2014" /> [[Medical diagnosis]] be made by finding de parasite ein eggs insyd a person ein urine anaa stool.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Diagnosis sanso fi be confirmed by finding antibodies against de disease insyd de blood.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Methods of preventing de disease dey include improving access to clean water den reducing de number of snails.<ref name=WHO2014/> Insyd areas wer de disease be common, de medication praziquantel fi be given once a year to de entire at-risk group.<ref name=WHO2014/> Dis be done to decrease de number of people dem infect, den consequently, de spread of de disease.<ref name=WHO2014/> Praziquantel sanso be de treatment wey de [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) recommend for those wey be known to be infected.<ref name=WHO2014/> De disease be especially common among kiddies insyd developing countries, as kiddies der be more likely to play insyd contaminated water.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Schistosomiasis sanso be common among women, as dem generally get greater exposure thru daily chores wey involve water, such as washing clothes den fetching water.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trienekens |first1=Suzan C. M. |last2=Faust |first2=Christina L. |last3=Meginnis |first3=Keila |last4=Pickering |first4=Lucy |last5=Ericsson |first5=Olivia |last6=Nankasi |first6=Andrina |last7=Moses |first7=Arinaitwe |last8=Tukahebwa |first8=Edridah M. |last9=Lamberton |first9=Poppy H. L. |date=2020-05-13 |title=Impacts of host gender on Schistosoma mansoni risk in rural Uganda—A mixed-methods approach |journal=PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |language=en |volume=14 |issue=5 |article-number=e0008266 |doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0008266 |issn=1935-2735 |pmc=7219705 |pmid=32401770 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Oda high-risk groups dey include farmers, fishermen, den people wey dey use unclean water during daily living.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Insyd 2019, schistosomiasis impact approximately 236.6 million individuals across de globe.<ref name="WHO-2021">{{cite web|date=2021-05-18|title=Schistosomiasis|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schistosomiasis|access-date=2021-06-05|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> Each year, e be estimated say between 4,400 den 200,000 individuals succumb to am.<ref name="The2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Thétiot-Laurent SA, Boissier J, Robert A, Meunier B | title = Schistosomiasis chemotherapy | journal = Angewandte Chemie | volume = 52 | issue = 31 | pages = 7936–56 | date = July 2013 | pmid = 23813602 | doi = 10.1002/anie.201208390 | bibcode = 2013ACIE...52.7936T }}</ref><ref name="GBD2015De">{{cite journal | vauthors = Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, etal | collaboration = GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1459–1544 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733281 | pmc = 5388903 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1 }}</ref> De illness predominantly dey occur insyd regions of Africa, Asia, den South America,<ref name="WHO2014" /> wer approximately 700 million individuals insyd over 70 nations reside insyd regions wer de disease be prevalent.<ref name="The2013" /><ref>{{cite web | title=Schistosomiasis A major public health problem | url=https://www.who.int/schistosomiasis/en | publisher=World Health Organization | access-date=15 March 2014 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405213018/http://www.who.int/schistosomiasis/en/ | archive-date=5 April 2014}}</ref> Insyd tropical regions, schistosomiasis dey rank as de second most economically significant parasitic disease, second only to [[malaria]].<ref name="SCP">{{cite web | author=The Carter Center | title=Schistosomiasis Control Program | url=http://www.cartercenter.org/health/schistosomiasis/index.html | access-date=17 July 2008 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720091015/http://cartercenter.org/health/schistosomiasis/index.html | archive-date=20 July 2008}}</ref> Schistosomiasis be classified as a neglected tropical disease.<ref>{{cite web | title=Neglected Tropical Diseases | url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html | publisher=cdc.gov | access-date=28 November 2014 | date=6 June 2011 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204084219/http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html | archive-date=4 December 2014}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r4qxfj0umy3bcv0ytgsh7lz5cifwgbm 110202 110195 2026-08-18T20:00:34Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 110202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Schistosomiasis''', dem sanso know as '''snail fever''', '''bilharzia''', den '''Katayama fever'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2011 |title=Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) |url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/schistosomiasis/Pages/Introduction.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315131919/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/schistosomiasis/Pages/Introduction.aspx |archive-date=15 March 2014 |access-date=15 March 2014 |website=NHS Choices}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Schistosomiasis |url=https://patient.info/doctor/infectious-disease/schistosomiasis-pro |access-date=2026-08-18 |website=patient.info |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Colley DG, Bustinduy AL, Secor WE, King CH | title = Human schistosomiasis | journal = Lancet | volume = 383 | issue = 9936 | pages = 2253–64 | date = June 2014 | pmid = 24698483 | pmc = 4672382 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61949-2 | bibcode = 2014Lanc..383.2253C }}</ref> be a tropical disease, specifically a helminthiasis wey de parasitic flatworm of de genus ''Schistosoma'' cause.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Schistosomiasis dey affect humans as well as oda animals. E dey affect de urinary tract anaa de intestines.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Symptoms dey include abdominal pain, [[diarrhea]], bloody stool, anaa blood insyd de urine.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Those wey get a schistosomiasis infection for a long time fi experience liver damage, kidney failure, infertility, anaa bladder cancer.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Insyd kiddies, schistosomiasis fi cause failure to thrive, poor growth, den learning difficulties.<ref name="WHO2014">{{cite web | title=Schistosomiasis Fact sheet N°115 | url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en | publisher=World Health Organization | access-date=15 March 2014 | date=3 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312203924/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en/ | archive-date=12 March 2014}}</ref> Schistosomiasis be classified as a helminth infection.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 August 2013 |title=Chapter 3 Infectious Diseases Related To Travel |url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/schistosomiasis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402165447/http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/schistosomiasis |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=cdc.gov}}</ref> Schistosomiasis be spread by contact plus fresh water contaminate plus parasites dem release from infected freshwater snails.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2024-10-29 |title=Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia): Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology |url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228392-overview |journal=Schistosomiasis}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2024-06-17 |title=About Schistosomiasis |url=https://www.cdc.gov/schistosomiasis/about/index.html |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Schistosomiasis |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name="WHO2014" /> [[Medical diagnosis]] be made by finding de parasite ein eggs insyd a person ein urine anaa stool.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Diagnosis sanso fi be confirmed by finding antibodies against de disease insyd de blood.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Methods of preventing de disease dey include improving access to clean water den reducing de number of snails.<ref name=WHO2014/> Insyd areas wer de disease be common, de medication praziquantel fi be given once a year to de entire at-risk group.<ref name=WHO2014/> Dis be done to decrease de number of people dem infect, den consequently, de spread of de disease.<ref name=WHO2014/> Praziquantel sanso be de treatment wey de [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) recommend for those wey be known to be infected.<ref name=WHO2014/> De disease be especially common among kiddies insyd developing countries, as kiddies der be more likely to play insyd contaminated water.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Schistosomiasis sanso be common among women, as dem generally get greater exposure thru daily chores wey involve water, such as washing clothes den fetching water.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trienekens |first1=Suzan C. M. |last2=Faust |first2=Christina L. |last3=Meginnis |first3=Keila |last4=Pickering |first4=Lucy |last5=Ericsson |first5=Olivia |last6=Nankasi |first6=Andrina |last7=Moses |first7=Arinaitwe |last8=Tukahebwa |first8=Edridah M. |last9=Lamberton |first9=Poppy H. L. |date=2020-05-13 |title=Impacts of host gender on Schistosoma mansoni risk in rural Uganda—A mixed-methods approach |journal=PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |language=en |volume=14 |issue=5 |article-number=e0008266 |doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0008266 |issn=1935-2735 |pmc=7219705 |pmid=32401770 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Oda high-risk groups dey include farmers, fishermen, den people wey dey use unclean water during daily living.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Insyd 2019, schistosomiasis impact approximately 236.6 million individuals across de globe.<ref name="WHO-2021">{{cite web|date=2021-05-18|title=Schistosomiasis|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schistosomiasis|access-date=2021-06-05|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> Each year, e be estimated say between 4,400 den 200,000 individuals succumb to am.<ref name="The2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Thétiot-Laurent SA, Boissier J, Robert A, Meunier B | title = Schistosomiasis chemotherapy | journal = Angewandte Chemie | volume = 52 | issue = 31 | pages = 7936–56 | date = July 2013 | pmid = 23813602 | doi = 10.1002/anie.201208390 | bibcode = 2013ACIE...52.7936T }}</ref><ref name="GBD2015De">{{cite journal | vauthors = Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, etal | collaboration = GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1459–1544 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733281 | pmc = 5388903 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1 }}</ref> De illness predominantly dey occur insyd regions of Africa, Asia, den South America,<ref name="WHO2014" /> wer approximately 700 million individuals insyd over 70 nations reside insyd regions wer de disease be prevalent.<ref name="The2013" /><ref>{{cite web | title=Schistosomiasis A major public health problem | url=https://www.who.int/schistosomiasis/en | publisher=World Health Organization | access-date=15 March 2014 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405213018/http://www.who.int/schistosomiasis/en/ | archive-date=5 April 2014}}</ref> Insyd tropical regions, schistosomiasis dey rank as de second most economically significant parasitic disease, second only to [[malaria]].<ref name="SCP">{{cite web | author=The Carter Center | title=Schistosomiasis Control Program | url=http://www.cartercenter.org/health/schistosomiasis/index.html | access-date=17 July 2008 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720091015/http://cartercenter.org/health/schistosomiasis/index.html | archive-date=20 July 2008}}</ref> Schistosomiasis be classified as a neglected tropical disease.<ref>{{cite web | title=Neglected Tropical Diseases | url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html | publisher=cdc.gov | access-date=28 November 2014 | date=6 June 2011 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204084219/http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html | archive-date=4 December 2014}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons category|Schistosomiasis}} {{offline|med}} * [http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/lifelines/2014/04/river-hope-201442313163529194.html ''River of Hope''] — documentary about the rise of schistosomiasis along the Senegal river (video, 47 mins) * [https://www.iamat.org/risks/schistosomiasis Schistosomiasis information for travellers from IAMAT] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312140930/https://www.iamat.org/risks/schistosomiasis |date=2016-03-12 }} ([[International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers]]) * {{YouTube|Vsp7c2ul4jc|Why Snails Are Deadly? Explained}} by [[Facts in Motion (YouTuber)|Facts in Motion]] [[Category:Waterborne diseases]] [[Category:Helminthiases]] [[Category:Zoonotic parasitic diseases]] [[Category:Tropical diseases]] [[Category:Hepatology]] [[Category:Infectious causes of cancer]] [[Category:Conditions wey stool test diagnose]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] l9hs9zbrprok8un24grn4vq5mqo4voi Template:Offline 10 29740 110196 2026-08-18T19:39:09Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh template 110196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq: {{{1}}} | med |{{Side box | templatestyles = | metadata=no | position = {{{position|}}} | image = [[File:MedLogoNoWiFi.svg|40x40px|link=Meta:Wiki Project Med/App|alt=]] | textclass = {{{textclass|plainlist}}} | textstyle = {{{textstyle|}}} | below = {{{below|}}} | imageright = {{{imageright|}}} | class = plainlinks toccolours offlinesidebox noprint | text = Wikipedia's health care articles can be viewed offline with the '''[[Meta:Wiki Project Med/App|Medical Wikipedia app]]'''.{{Main 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}}{{#if:{{{channel|{{{c|}}}}}}{{{handle|{{{h|}}}}}}{{{user|{{{u|}}}}}}{{{custom|}}} ||{{#ifeq:{{{suffix|+}}}|{{{suffix|-}}}|{{Namespace detect |talk=|wikipedia=|help=|template=|module= |other=[[Category:Articles using YouTube with invalid parameters]] }} }} }}<!-- -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using YouTube with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:YouTube]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | c | channel | custom | h | handle | id | link | p | playlist | s | show | suffix | t | time | title | u | user }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> pnul3gewoel2sdpdekdmzrc5kmv30x4 Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata 14 29746 110203 2026-08-18T20:01:38Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 110203 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Articles with medical app sidebar 14 29747 110204 2026-08-18T20:01:49Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 110204 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Zoonotic parasitic diseases 14 29748 110205 2026-08-18T20:01:59Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 110205 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Conditions wey stool test diagnose 14 29749 110206 2026-08-18T20:02:22Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 110206 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Template:London Gazette 10 29750 110210 2026-08-18T23:21:12Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh template 110210 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if: {{#if: {{{issue|}}}|{{#if: {{{date|}}} | yes}} }}<!-- only when both params are passed -->|{{cite magazine |newspaper={{#if: {{{nolink|}}}|The {{#switch: {{lc:{{{city|}}} }} | b | belfast = Belfast | e | edinburgh = Edinburgh | o | oxford = Oxford | #default = London }} Gazette|<!--with a link-->[[The {{#switch: {{lc:{{{city|}}} }} | b | belfast = Belfast | e | edinburgh = Edinburgh | o | oxford = Oxford | #default = London }} Gazette]]<!-- -->}} |type={{#invoke:London Gazette util|type_param|display-supp={{{display-supp|}}} |supp={{{supp|}}}}} |url={{#invoke:London Gazette util|url_param|city={{{city|}}}|issue={{{issue|}}}|supp={{{supp|}}}|page={{{page|}}}|pages={{{pages|}}}}} |title={{#if: {{{title|}}}|{{{title}}}|No. {{{issue|}}} }} |issue={{#if: {{{title|}}}|{{{issue|}}} }} |page={{#invoke:London Gazette util|make_page_param|param=page|page={{{page|}}}|pages={{{pages|}}}}} |pages={{#invoke:London Gazette util|make_page_param|param=pages|page={{{page|}}}|pages={{{pages|}}}}} |date={{{date|}}} |postscript={{{postscript|}}} |ref={{{ref|{{harvid|Gazette|{{{issue|}}}<!---->}}<!---->}}} |mode={{{mode|}}} |quote={{{quote|}}} }}<!--End of {{cite magazine}}-->{{#invoke:London Gazette util|page_error|page={{{page|}}}|pages={{{pages|}}}}} |{{Error|1=You must specify {{And list|{{#if:{{{issue|}}}||'''''issue='''''}}|{{#if:{{{date|}}}||'''''date='''''}}}} when using {{tl|London Gazette}}.}} }}<!-- End of main #if -->{{#ifeq:{{{supp|}}}|y|[[Category:Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y|{{{issue|}}}]]}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> aog2otwxa5oxtzpbgcljlqkmfm77hwm Module:London Gazette util 828 29751 110211 2026-08-18T23:23:24Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh module 110211 Scribunto text/plain -- this module is created to support {{London Gazette}} require('strict') local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local span_open = '<span style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal" class="error">'; local code_open = '<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">'; local help_link = ' ([[Template:London Gazette#Error messages|help]])'; local supp_error = mw.ustring.format ('%sinvalid %s&#124;supp=</code>%s</span>', span_open, code_open, help_link); local duplicate_page_error = mw.ustring.format (' %smore than one of %s&#124;page=</code> and %s&#124;pages=</code>%s</span>', span_open, code_open, code_open, help_link); local p = {} --[[--------------------------< I S _ S E T >------------------------------------------------------------------ Whether variable is set or not. A variable is set when it is not nil and not empty. ]] local function is_set( var ) return not (var == nil or var == ''); end --[[--------------------------< O R D I N A L _ S U F F I X >-------------------------------------------------- render a numerical text string in ordinal form suitable for English language use. In this module, num_str is limited by calling functions to the integer values 1-99. The argument num_str must be known to be set before this function is called. ]] local function ordinal_suffix (num_str) local lsd; -- least significant digit local suffixes = {['1'] = 'st', ['2'] = 'nd', ['3'] = 'rd'}; -- table of suffixes except 'th' if num_str:match ('^1[1-3]$') then -- check the 11-13 odd balls first to get them out of the way return num_str .. 'th'; -- 11th, 12th, 13th end lsd = num_str:match ('^%d?(%d)$'); -- all other numbers: get the least significant digit return num_str .. (suffixes[lsd] or 'th'); -- append the suffix from the suffixes table or default to 'th' end --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ P A G E _ P A R A M >------------------------------------------------ Determine the value to be assigned to the specified cs1|2 |page= or |pages= parameter in {{London Gazette}}. The arguments |param=page and |param=pages specify which of the cs1|2 parameters |page= or |pages= for which this function is to create a value. This function inspects the content of the |page= and |pages= parameters, along with the |param= specifier. From this information it creates a value appropriate for the specified |page= or |pages= parameter. Only one will have a value, the other will get an empty string. This function is called twice from {{London Gazette}}; once for each of cs1 |page= and |pages= parameters: |page={{#invoke:Gazette util|make_page_param|param=page|page={{{page|}}}|pages={{{pages|}}}}} |pages={{#invoke:Gazette util|make_page_param|param=pages|page={{{page|}}}|pages={{{pages|}}}}} except for the lvalue and the rvalue assigned to |param=, the two calls must be identical else odd results. |page= or |pages= without a comma, hyphen, or en dash separator → cs1 |page= |page= or |pages= with a separator → cs1 |pages= Hyphen separator characters are converted to en dash characters. Any white space around hyphen and en dash separators is removed. If both |page= and |pages= are set, this function mimics cs1|2 and chooses |page=. Another function, page_error() is required for error messaging because we don't want to dump css markup into a parameter value that will be included in the cs1|2 metadata. ]] function p.make_page_param (frame) local args = getArgs(frame); local page_or_pages; page_or_pages = args.page or args.unnamed or args.pages; -- only one; prefer |page= if is_set (page_or_pages) then if 'pages' == args.param then if page_or_pages:match ('[,%-–]') then -- only for |pages= parameter page_or_pages = mw.ustring.gsub (page_or_pages, '%s*[%-–]%s*', '–'); -- hyphen to en dash; remove spaces return page_or_pages; -- has separator character so make the parameter |pages= else return ''; -- no separator so value will be assigned to |page= end elseif 'page' == args.param then if page_or_pages:match ('[,%-–]') then -- only for |pages= parameter return ''; -- has separator so value will be assigned to |pages= else return page_or_pages; -- no separator character so make the parameter |page= end else return ''; -- |param= something else end end return ''; -- if here no pagination or not correct |page= or |pages= parameter end --[[--------------------------< P A G E _ E R R O R >---------------------------------------------------------- Inspect page number parameters and return an error message that will be appended to the end of the {{cite magazine}} template rendering. Error messages are handled this way so that the error message is not made part of the cs1|2 citation's metadata. {{#invoke:Gazette util|page_error|page={{{page|}}}|pages={{{pages|}}}}} ]] function p.page_error (frame) local args = getArgs(frame); if is_set (args.page) and is_set (args.pages) then return duplicate_page_error; -- both of |page= and |pages= are set else return ''; end end --[[--------------------------< T Y P E _ P A R A M >---------------------------------------------------------- set the value that is assigned to the cite magazine |type= parameter using the values of the London Gazette |supp= and |display-supp= parameters Only limited |supp= values will set the type value. These are: 'y' or a number 1-99. row numbers in comments apply to the table in Template_talk:London_Gazette#Rewrite_as_wrapper_around_template:cite_news ]] function p.type_param (frame) local args = getArgs(frame); if not is_set (args['display-supp']) and not is_set (args.supp) then -- when both |display-supp= and |supp= are not set return ''; -- [row 1] not a supplement so no display end args.supp = args.supp and args.supp:lower(); -- make text values lower case if not is_set (args['display-supp']) and is_set (args.supp) then -- when only |supp= is set if 'y' == args.supp then return 'Supplement'; -- [row 2] the first or only supplement elseif args.supp:match ('^%d%d?$') then -- one or two digits return ordinal_suffix (args.supp) .. ' supplement'; -- [row 3] for the 1st-99th supplement else return supp_error; -- [row 4] any other text not supported show an error message end end if is_set (args['display-supp']) and not is_set (args.supp) then -- when only |display-supp= is set if args['display-supp']:match ('^%d%d?$') then -- one or two digits return ordinal_suffix (args['display-supp']) .. ' supplement'; -- [row 7] for the 1st-99th supplement elseif 'y' == args['display-supp'] then return 'Supplement'; -- [row 6] unnumbered supplement in /page/ space else return args['display-supp']; -- [row 11] user specified text; supplement is not in supplement space (a Gazette website error) end end -- here when both |display-supp= and |supp= are set if args['display-supp']:match ('^%d%d?$') then -- supplement number if 'y' == args.supp or (args['display-supp'] == args.supp) then return ordinal_suffix (args['display-supp']) .. ' supplement'; -- [rows 8, 9] else -- |supp= is not a number or number isn't same as number in |display-supp= return supp_error; -- [row 10] different values are ambiguous end else -- not a supplement number if ('y' == args.supp) and ('none' == args['display-supp']) then return ''; -- [row 5] for the case when a /page/ is in /supplement/ space elseif ('y' == args.supp) or args.supp:match ('^%d%d?$') or not is_set (args.supp) then return args['display-supp']; -- [rows 12, 13] user specified text else return supp_error; -- [row 14] any other |supp= value not supported show an error message end end end --[[--------------------------< U R L _ C I T Y >-------------------------------------------------------------- sets the city element of the url path according to |city= value; defaults to London ]] local function url_city (city_param) local city_names = {['b'] = 'Belfast', ['belfast'] = 'Belfast', ['e'] = 'Edinburgh', ['edinburgh'] = 'Edinburgh'}; city_param = city_param and city_param:lower(); -- lower() to index into the city_names table return city_names[city_param] or 'London'; -- the city, or default to London end --[[--------------------------< U R L _ P A G E >-------------------------------------------------------------- sets the page number element of the url path according to |page= or |pages=, and the value assigned to |supp= parameter. This function assumes that supplements may have page numbering that are digits prefixed with one or two letters: B1, B41, RH2, etc; also assumes that regular issues have digit-only page numbers. Only limited |supp= values will set the page number path element. These are: 'y' or a number 1-99. From issue 1610–1619 the gazette has both digit page numbers and digit + alpha page numbers. It appears that the issue numbers did not advance properly in this period so the website has page numbers like '1.a' and '3.a.a' plus the usual digit page number '1', '3', etc for all of issues 1610–1619. There were no supplements during this period so this function handles the 1610–1619 issues separately. The alpha character is always 'a' and is always separated from the digits and other alpha by a dot. ]] local function url_page (page, supp, issue) issue = tonumber (issue); -- for issues 1610–1619 comparison if issue and (6610 <= issue and 6619 >= issue) then -- if one of these oddball issues with numeric + alpha page numbers (~ Sep–Oct 1727) return page:match ('^%d+%.?[a%.]+'); -- there are no supplements in this range so we're done end if is_set (supp) then -- all other issues if ('y' == supp) or supp:match ('^%d%d?$') then page = page:match ('^%a?%a?%d+'); -- one or two letters followed by digits or just digits (supplement to issue 61608) else page = page:match ('^%d+'); -- |supp= set to an unexpected value, so one or more digits only end else page = page:match ('^%d+'); -- |supp= not set, so one or more digits only end return page or ''; -- at minimum return empty string for concatenation end --[[--------------------------< U R L _ P A G E _ O R _ S U P P L E M E N T >---------------------------------- sets the page/supplement element of the url path according to |supp= value; defaults to page Only limited |supp= values will set the page/supplement path element to /supplement/. These are: 'y' or a number 1-99 ]] local function url_page_or_supplement (supp_param) supp_param = (supp_param and supp_param:lower()) or ''; --make sure lower case for comparisons if ('y' == supp_param) or supp_param:match ('^%d%d?$') then return 'supplement'; else return 'page'; -- anything else end end --[[--------------------------< U R L _ P A R A M >------------------------------------------------------------ Build a url given |city=, |issue=, |supp=, and one of |page= or |pages=; result is assigned to |url= |url={{#invoke:Gazette util|url_param|city={{{city|}}}|issue={{{issue}}}|supp={{{supp|}}}|page={{{page|}}}|pages={{{pages|}}}}} ]] function p.url_param (frame) local args = getArgs(frame); local pg = args.page or args.pages or ''; -- first set parameter or empty string local url_table = { -- a table of the various url parts 'https://www.thegazette.co.uk', -- static domain name url_city (args.city), -- default to London 'issue', -- static path text args.issue, -- issue number url_page_or_supplement (args.supp), -- either of /page/ or /supplement/ according to the state of |supp= url_page (pg, args.supp, args.issue) -- pages: digits only; supplements: optional letter followed by 1 or more digits }; return table.concat (url_table, '/'); -- concatenate all of the parts together and done end return p; gizybaw7a34bncpte0e7x6vngev7bsx Module:London Gazette util/doc 828 29752 110212 2026-08-18T23:26:17Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh module 110212 wikitext text/x-wiki Utility module for {{tl|London Gazette}} {{#lst:Template:London Gazette/doc|supp_disp-supp_interaction_table}} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> je748e9rl83nayzs7kqsvuwfxudnosh Template:London Gazette/doc 10 29753 110213 2026-08-18T23:26:56Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh template 110213 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Documentation subpage}}{{High-use}}</noinclude> <!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS LINE -->__NOTOC__ {{Lua|Module:London Gazette util}} This template is used to provide references to pages in the ''[[London Gazette]]'' [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/ online archive website]. The ''London Gazette'' is the official newspaper of the British government for England and Wales in which all official notices are published. The template is provided to simplify the entering of addresses. An index by number/date (i.e. if you know the number or date you can find the document) is at [[WP:London Gazette Index]]. The template may also be used to provide references to pages in the ''[[Edinburgh Gazette]]'' and to the ''[[Belfast Gazette]]''. Wrappers ({{Tl|Edinburgh Gazette}}; {{Tl|Belfast Gazette}}) exist to facilitate this; as does the short {{Tl|Gazette}} ==Usage== '''Basic form using minimum parameters to link to the reference''' <small>(when used as an inline reference, the {{tag|ref}} tags must be added separately)</small>: * <code><nowiki>{{London Gazette |issue= |date= }}</nowiki></code> (For an entire issue) * <code><nowiki>{{London Gazette |issue= |date= |page= }}</nowiki></code> (For a single page) '''Using pages to refer to a range of pages in the link:''' <code><nowiki>{{London Gazette |issue= |date= |pages= }}</nowiki></code> '''Using city to refer to a page in the ''Edinburgh'' or ''Belfast Gazette'' in the link:''' <code><nowiki>{{London Gazette |issue= |date= |page= |city= }}</nowiki></code> '''Using supp to link to a page in a supplement to a ''Gazette''''' <code><nowiki>{{London Gazette |issue= |date= |page= |supp=y }}</nowiki></code> '''All parameters, delete those you don't need''' <code><nowiki>{{London Gazette |issue= |date= |page= |pages= |supp= |display-supp= |city= |nolink= |postscript= |mode= |title= |ref= |quote=}}</nowiki></code> '''All parameters, vertical format:''' {{London Gazette/doc/parameterlist}} ===Required parameters=== *'''issue''': The issue number of the referenced ''Gazette'' (to find this from the date, consult [[WP:London Gazette Index]]). More at [[Template:Cite magazine#csdoc_issue|Cite magazine – issue]]. *'''date''': The publication date of the referenced issue of the ''Gazette'' (typically found under the title block on the first page and at the top of each succeeding page). More at [[Template:Cite magazine#csdoc_date|Cite magazine – date]]. Transclusions which lack any of the required parameters are added to [[:Category:Articles missing Template:London Gazette required parameter]]. ===Optional parameters=== ''For use where a single page is to be referenced:'' ::'''page''': The page of the referenced ''Gazette'' on which the citation is found (if a page range is required see '''pages''' [[#below|below]])—also use this option when citing a whole issue, for example for the Birthday Honours List. More at [[Template:Cite magazine#csdoc_page|Cite magazine – page]]. ''For use where a range of pages is to be referenced:'' ::{{anchor|pages}}'''pages''': first and last pages of a page range separated with an en dash: 1–12; or, comma separated list of page numbers: 1, 12; or a mix of both: 1–3, 6, 8. More at [[Template:Cite magazine#csdoc_pages|Cite magazine – pages]]. ''For a link to the ''Edinburgh'', ''Belfast Gazette'' or ''Oxford Gazette'':'' ::'''city''': Either {{para|city|e}} for ''Edinburgh Gazette'', {{para|city|b}} for ''Belfast Gazette'' or {{para|city|o}} for the ''Oxford Gazette'' as the first 23 issues of the ''London Gazette'' were titled. The city names may also be spelt out in full if you prefer, e.g. {{para|city|Edinburgh}} ''To display the name of the ''Gazette'' without a wikilink (e.g. if there are multiple uses of the template, allow the link on the first but disable the rest):'' ::'''nolink''': Set {{para|nolink|y}} to display the name of the Gazette without a wikilink (e.g. if there are multiple uses of the template on the same page) ''The punctuation used to separate elements in the rendered citation:'' ::'''mode''': see [[Template:Cite magazine#csdoc_mode|Cite magazine – mode]]. Setting {{para|mode|cs2}} changes the style to ensure consistency with [[Help:Citation Style 2|Citation style 2]], as produced by {{tlx|Citation}}. ''To remove the final period, or change it to any other character:'' ::'''postscript''': Using {{para|postscript}} see [[Template:Cite magazine#csdoc_postscript|Cite magazine – postscript]] — now semi-redundant, consider using {{para|mode}}. ''Others'' ::'''ref''': set by default to <code>CITEREFGazette''issue''</code> can be altered as described in [[Template:Cite magazine#csdoc_ref|Cite magazine – ref]]. ::'''quote''': see [[Template:Cite magazine#csdoc_quote|Cite magazine – quote]] ::'''title''': defaults to "No. ''issue''", but can be overwritten with any title (in which case "No. ''issue''" displays elsewhere in the template). See also [[Template:Cite magazine#csdoc_title|Cite magazine – title]]. ''Specifying a supplement to a ''Gazette'':'' :*'''supp''': To correctly format the [[URL]] to link to a ''Gazette'' supplement, set this parameter to <code>y</code>, or the one or two digit number of the supplement—numbers 1 to 99 are supported. Usually this will be to an unnumbered or first supplement ({{para|supp|1}}). There are exceptions. See '''display-supp''' and the table. :*'''display-supp''': Sometimes issues and supplements at the ''London Gazette'' website aren't where they would be expected. Sometimes issues are located at a supplement URL and sometimes supplements are located at an issue URL. When this is the case, use {{para|display-supp}} with {{para|supp}} to direct the template to select the correct URL and render the correct display. See the table. <section begin=supp_disp-supp_interaction_table /> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" |+ interaction between <nowiki>|supp=</nowiki> and <nowiki>|display-supp=</nowiki> !row||<nowiki>|display-supp=</nowiki> !! <nowiki>|supp=</nowiki> !! condition !! displayed result !! url !! comment |- |1|| – || – || – || &lt;''no supplement display''> || <code>/page/</code> || most common non-supplement form |- |2|| – || y || – || Supplement || <code>/supplement/</code> || unnumbered supplement |- |3|| – || ## || – || <code>{{{supp}}}</code>&lt;''suffix''> supplement || <code>/supplement/</code> || specific numbered supplement |- |4|| – || &lt;''text''> || – || <span style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal" class="error"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">invalid</code> <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;supp=</code></span> || <code>/page/</code> || invalid or out of range |- |5|| <code>none</code> || y || – || &lt;''no supplement display''> || <code>/supplement/</code> || when page not at <code>/page/</code> url |- |6|| y || – || – || Supplement || <code>/supplement/</code> || when unnumbered supplement not at <code>/supplement/</code> url |- |7|| ## || – || – || <code>{{{display-supp}}}</code>&lt;''suffix''> supplement || <code>/page/</code> || when supplement not at <code>/supplement/</code> url |- |8|| ## || y || – || <code>{{{display-supp}}}</code>&lt;''suffix''> supplement || <code>/supplement/</code> || specific numbered supplement (similar to 3) |- |9|| ## || ## || <code>{{{supp}}} == {{{display-supp}}}</code> || <code>{{{display-supp}}}</code>&lt;''suffix''> supplement || <code>/supplement/</code> || <nowiki>|supp=</nowiki> and <nowiki>|display-supp=</nowiki> must agree |- |10|| ## || ## || <code>{{{supp}}} != {{{display-supp}}}</code> || <span style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal" class="error"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">invalid</code> <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;supp=</code></span> || <code>/supplement/</code> || ambiguous; which supplement number is correct? |- |11|| &lt;''text''> || – || – || <code>{{{display-supp}}}</code> || <code>/page/</code> || user specified text; not at <code>/supplement/</code> url |- |12|| &lt;''text''> || y || – || <code>{{{display-supp}}}</code> || <code>/supplement/</code> || user specified text |- |13|| &lt;''text''> || ## || – || <code>{{{display-supp}}}</code> || <code>/supplement/</code> || user specified text |- |14|| &lt;''text''> || &lt;''text''> || – || <span style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal" class="error"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">invalid</code> <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;supp=</code></span> || <code>/supplement/</code> || <code>&#124;supp=</code> invalid or out of range |- ! colspan="7" | key |- | colspan="2" | – || colspan="5" | parameter is empty or missing; a condition does not apply |- | colspan="2" | ## || colspan="5" | a number greater than zero and less than 100 |- | colspan="2" | &lt;''suffix''> || colspan="5" | the appropriate ordinal suffix: 1{{blue|st}}, 2{{blue|nd}}, 3{{blue|rd}}, 4{{blue|th}}, ... |- | colspan="2" | &lt;''text''> || colspan="5" | any characters that are not ## or the letter y (or, for {{para|disp-supp}}, not the keyword <code>none</code>) |- | colspan="2" | <code>==</code> || colspan="5" | logical equality; the statement A == B is true when A and B hold the same value |- | colspan="2" | <code>!=</code> || colspan="5" | logical inequality; the statement A != B is true when A and B hold different values |} <section end=supp_disp-supp_interaction_table /> ===Source of information for parameters=== To find the information to put into the parameters: # Visit the ''Gazette'' website search page: [http://www.thegazette.co.uk/all-notices The Gazette] # Enter search terms into the search fields including a date range and a choice of ''Gazette'' edition(s) # When the list of matching ''Gazette'' issues is displayed, click on a link and the site will open a window with a [[PDF]] image of a page of the gazette. From the heading above the page image note: ##The issue number. This may be up to five digits and also appear in the URL after ".../issue/". ##The page number. This may be up to five digits and also appears as the last group of characters in the URL. ##The publication date #If the reference needs to refer to a range of pages, find the last relevant page and note the page number as before. #Check if the page is part of an issue or a supplement ##If from a standard gazette issue, the following will be included in the URL, ".../page/..." and no action is required. ##If the page is part of a supplement to an issue, the following will be included in the URL, ".../supplement/..." , the parameter {{para|supp}} must be added to the template. Any character may follow, as long as it is not left blank. #When referencing the ''Belfast'' or ''Edinburgh Gazettes'', use {{para|city|b}} or {{para|city|e}}. When referencing the first 23 issues of the ''London Gazette'' (published as the ''Oxford Gazette'') use {{para|city|o}}. Setting {{para|city|l}} explicitly refers to the ''London Gazette''. Omitting, leaving the parameter blank, or specifying any other value but ''b'', ''e'', ''l'', or ''o'', will cause the template to default to the ''London Gazette''. #Add each of these to the template #Add the Retrieval date ==Examples== '''Some standard use cases''' *<nowiki>{{London Gazette |issue=33000 |date=9 December 1924 |page=8957 }}</nowiki><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{London Gazette |issue=33000 |date=9 December 1924 |page=8957 }}</span> *<nowiki>{{London Gazette |issue=34000 |date=1 December 1933 |pages=7765–7766 }}</nowiki><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{London Gazette |issue=34000 |date=1 December 1933 |pages=7765–7766 }}</span> *<nowiki>{{London Gazette |issue=31712 |date=30 December 1919 |page=1 |supp=4 }}</nowiki><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{London Gazette |issue=31712 |date=30 December 1919 |page=1 |supp=4 }}</span> *<nowiki>{{London Gazette |issue=17039 |date=11 July 1815 |page=1409 |display-supp=1 }}</nowiki><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{London Gazette |issue=17039 |date=11 July 1815 |page=1409 |display-supp=1 }}</span> '''A link to a page in the Edinburgh gazette''' *<nowiki>{{London Gazette |issue=11370 |date=3 January 1902 |page=1 |city=e }}</nowiki><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{London Gazette |issue=11370 |date=3 January 1902 |page=1 |city=e }}</span> '''A link to a page in the Oxford gazette''' *<nowiki>{{London Gazette |issue=1 |date=7 November 1665 |page=1 |city=o }}</nowiki><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{London Gazette |issue=1 |date=7 November 1665 |page=1 |city=o }}</span> '''No parameters (error)''' *<nowiki>{{London Gazette}}</nowiki><br/>→ {{London Gazette}} ==Error messages== Certain combinations of parameters are invalid or inappropriate. The template attempts to make sense of all parameter values. When that is not possible, it emits error messages. These messages are: *<span style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal" class="error">invalid <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|supp=</code></span> – {{para|supp}} accepts a limited range of parameter values. The values are: *:the single letter <code>y</code> *:one or two digit numbers in the range of 1 to 99 inclusive *<span style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal" class="error">more than one of <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|page=</code> and <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|pages=</code></span> – simultaneous use of these is not permitted; choose the appropriate parameter *<span style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal" class="error">London Gazette uses unsupported parameters</span> – these parameters no longer supported: *:{{para|ps}} – use {{para|postscript}} *:{{para|separator}} – use {{para|mode}} *:{{para|startpage}} – use {{para|page}} or {{para|pages}} *:{{para|endpage}} – use {{para|page}} or {{para|pages}} *:{{para|accessdate}} – remove *:{{para|access-date}} – remove ==Template Data== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "issue": { "label": "Issue", "description": "The issue number of the referenced Gazette (to find this from the date, consult WP:London Gazette Index)", "example": "33000", "type": "number", "required": true }, "date": { "label": "Date", "description": "The publication date of the referenced Gazette. This should be in the format day month year.", "example": "9 December 1924", "type": "date", "required": true }, "page": { "label": "Page", "description": "The page of the referenced Gazette on which the citation is found - Except when citing a whole issue, for example for the Birthday Honours List.", "example": "123", "type": "line" }, "pages": { "label": "Pages", "description": "The page range of the reference Gazette in the form number–number where the two page numbers are separated by a ndash", "example": "123–124", "type": "line" }, "supp": { "label": "Supplement", "description": "For a link in a supplement to a Gazette - To correctly format the URL to link to a page in a Gazette supplement, set this parameter to the number of the supplement (typically, supp=1); otherwise omit it.", "example": "1", "type": "number" }, "display-supp": { "label": "Display-supplement", "description": "Some supplements are accessed without an alteration to the standard URL in which case use this parameter and not the supp parameter.", "example": "1", "type": "number" }, "nolink": { "description": "To display the name of the Gazette without a wikilink (e.g. if there are multiple uses of the template on the same page, allow the link on the first but disable the rest)", "example": "y", "type": "string" }, "city": { "label": "City", "description": "Either |city=e for Edinburgh Gazette, |city=b for Belfast Gazette or |city=o for the Oxford Gazette as the first 23 issues of the London Gazette were titled. The city names may also be spelt out in full if you prefer, e.g. |city=Edinburgh", "example": "e", "type": "string", "default": "London", "autovalue": "" }, "title": { "label": "Title", "description": "Sets a title", "type": "string", "default": "No. <code>issue</code>" }, "quote": { "label": "Quote", "description": "Appends a quote to the end of the template.", "type": "string" }, "ref": { "label": "Ref", "description": "Used in conjunction with the harv template. It can be altered to any value", "default": "Gazette <code>issue</code>" }, "mode": { "label": "Mode", "description": "Setting ''mode=cs2'' changes the style to ensure consistency with Citation style 2, as produced by the Citation template", "type": "string", "default": "cs1" }, "postscript": { "label": "Postscript", "description": "To remove the final period, or change it to any other character — now semi-redundant use the <code>mode</code> parameter instead.", "type": "string", "default": "." } }, "description": "This template is used to provide references to pages in the London Gazette online archive website. The London Gazette is the official newspaper of the British government for England and Wales in which all official notices are published. The template is provided to simplify the entering of addresses. An index by number/date (i.e. if you know the number or date you can find the document) is at WP:London Gazette Index.\n\nThe template may also be used to provide references to pages in the Edinburgh Gazette online archives and to the Belfast Gazette online archives.", "paramOrder": [ "issue", "date", "page", "pages", "supp", "display-supp", "nolink", "city", "title", "quote", "ref", "mode", "postscript" ], "format": "{{_ |_=_}}" } </templatedata> ==Maintenance categories== * {{clc|Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Newspaper external link templates]] [[Category:Specific-source templates]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> 954s9uusv6f7d8y4xwyi5bptkg928gi Template:Blue 10 29754 110214 2026-08-18T23:29:07Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh template 110214 wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="color:blue">{{{1}}}</span><noinclude> <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> {{Documentation}}</noinclude> g43vk9nl0daquv7nhnq09w2un3xgnp0