Wikipedia gvwiki https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard-ghuillag MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.6 first-letter Meanyn Er lheh Resooney Ymmydeyr Resooney ymmydeyr Wikipedia Resooney Wikipedia Coadan Resooney coadan MediaWiki Resooney MediaWiki Clowan Resooney clowan Cooney Resooney cooney Ronney Resooney ronney TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk 0 596 359527 359217 2025-06-22T18:12:18Z MacTire02 219 clowan elley 359527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Mannin |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|Isle of Man {{small|([[Baarle]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = Vannin |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of the Isle of Man.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Coat of arms of the Isle of Man.svg |jalloo_caslys = Europe-Isle_of_Man.svg |jarroo-raa = "[[Rolley jarroo-raaghyn yn Oarpey|Quocunque Jeceris Stabit]]" <small>([[Ladjyn]])</small><br />"Aghterbee ceauee shiu eh, shassee eh" <small>([[Gaelg]])</small> |arrane_ashoonagh = "[[O Halloo Nyn Ghooie]]"{{efn|Haink "[[O Halloo Nyn Ghooie]]" dy ve ymmydit dy neu-oikoil veih'n vlein 1907 as hooar eh staydys ashoonagh myr yn arrane ashoonagh 'sy vlein 2003.<ref>{{cite web |title=National anthem – The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/national-anthem |access-date=30 Mayrnt 2021 |website=CIA.gov |archive-date=19 Mayrnt 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319002941/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/national-anthem |url-status=live}}</ref>}}{{parabr}}{{center|[[Coadan:Arrane Ashoonagh Vannin.ogg]]}} |arrane_reeoil = "[[God Save the King]]"{{Efn|Hannee "[[God Save the King]]" myr yn arrane reeoil as t'eh foast cloiet myr kiaull yeshchliaghtagh tra ta olteynyn y Chrooin Ghoaldagh ayn.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 Jerrey Geuree 2003 |title=New Manx anthem shifts loyalty to land of their birth |url=http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/jan/27/britishidentity.paulmacinnes |access-date=30 Mayrnt 2021 |work=[[The Guardian]] |archive-date=11 Averil 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411000200/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/jan/27/britishidentity.paulmacinnes |url-status=live}}</ref>}} |çhengaghyn_oikoil = {{hlist|[[Baarle]]|[[Gaelg]]}} |preeu-valley = [[Doolish]] |latd=54 |latm=09 |latNS=N |longd=4 |longm=29 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = [[Monarkaght vunraghtoil]] [[corys parlamaidagh|pharlamaidagh]] |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Çhiarn Vannin]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Lhiass-chiannoort Vannin|Lhiass-chiannoort]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[John Lorimer (offishear yn armee Ghoaldagh)|John Lorimer]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = [[Ard-hirveishagh Vannin|Ard-hirveishagh]] |ennym3_fer-toshee = [[Alfred Cannan]] |enmys4_fer-toshee = [[Eaghtyrane Tinvaal]] |ennym4_fer-toshee = [[Steve Rodan|Stephen Rodan]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 572 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 221 |eaghtyr_rhenk = 221d |ushtey_sy_cheead = 0 |pobble_ooley = |blein_ooley_pobble = |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 131.2 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 339.6 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = 75oo |possanyn_kynneeagh = |blein_LTS_CCK = 2025 |LTS_CCK = $7.931 billoon |rhenk_LTS_CCK = |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = $89,706 |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = |LTS_ennymagh = |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = |blein_LTS_ennymagh = |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = |blein_ALD = |ALD = 0.940 |rhenk_ALD = 15oo |ronney_ALD = <span style="color:#090">feer ard</span> |sorçh_kiondeeaght = Steat kionedeeagh ta freggyrtagh er son Vannin |note_kiondeeaght = [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Reeriaght ny h-Ellanyn|Reirey Loghlynagh]] |date1_bunit = 9oo eash |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Conaant Peairt|Gurneilys Albinagh]] |date2_bunnit = 2 Jerrey Souree 1266 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Reeriaght Hostyn|Gurneilys Sostynagh]] |date3_bunnit = 1399 |taghyrt4_bunnit = [[Isle of Man Purchase Act 1765|Revested into British Crown]] |date4_bunnit = 10 Boaldyn 1765 |argid = {{Ubl|[[Punt Manninagh]]|[[Punt Sostynagh]]}} |coad_argid = GBP |traa_ynnydagh = [[Traa Mean Ghreenwich|GMT]] |ashchur_utc = +0 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa Houree Ghoaldagh|BST]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +1 |cctld = [[.im]] |coad_çhellvane = 44 |note_coad_çhellvane = |fo-note1 = }} She [[Croghaneyn-crooin y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Croghane-Crooin]] hene-reiltagh Goaldagh '''Mannin''', as ish ny lhie eddyr [[Nerin]] as [[yn Vretyn Vooar]] ayns mean [[Mooir Vannin|Vooir Vannin]]. She Çhairn Vannin yn ennym t'ad cur da'n chione-çheerey, as eshyn yn peiagh cheddin ta cummal crooin yn [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]]. Er yn oyr shoh, ta [[Lhiass-chiannoort Vannin|Fo-Chiannoort]] ayn, myr ynnydagh oikoil Hiarn Vannin. She [[Doolish]] yn [[preeu-valley]], as ta'n [[Punt Manninagh]] ymmydit myr yn argid-cadjin oikoil. Kyndagh rish e shennaghys, cultoor as çhengey, tadyr gra dy nee nane jeh ny [[ashoon Celtiagh|h-ashoonyn Celtiagh]] t'ayn. Va sleih cummal ayns Mannin roish y vlein 6500 RC, as haink cultoor Gaelgagh ayns yn 5oo lhing BNJ as veih shen haink [[Gaelg Vanninagh]]. Voish mysh BNJ 850, haink Mannin dy ve ny sheshaght Gaelgagh-Loghlynagh, kyndagh rish Loghlynee garraghey dys yn Ellan. Lurg lhing jeh reiltys neuchinjagh, eddyr reeaghyn [[Nalbin]] as [[Sostyn|Hostyn]], haink Mannin dy ve fo çhiarnys [[Crooin Hostyn|Chrooin Hostyn]] ayns 1765 liorish yn [[Isle of Man Purchase Act 1765|Slattys Aa-Ghreim]]. == Shennaghys == {{Ardart|Shennaghys Vannin}} === Shenn Traaghyn dys Jiu === Ta Mannin coontit myr fer jeh ny shey [[ashoonyn Celtiagh]] as t'eh ry-akin ayns y çhennaghys eck. Ta lorgyn sleih [[yn Eash Chloaie|ny h-Eash Chloaie Veanagh]] ry-akin ayns Mannin. V'ad cummal ayns buill fastee najooragh, shelgey as geeastaghey as çhaglym bea. Va greieyn cloaiey oc, as fir jeusyn ry-akin ayns Thie Tashtee Vannin. Ayns [[yn Eash Chloaie|yn Eash Chloaie Noa]], haink ny smoo fys oc er [[eirinys]], greieyn as [[pasheydys]]. Ghow ad toshiaght troggal claghyn cooinaghtyn er yn Ellan. Ta fir jeu ry-akin foast, faggys dy [[Laksaa]], [[Creneash]] as buill elley. Ny kied chleinyn va cummal 'syn Ellan, s'cosoyley dy vel ad nyn [[Brythonagh|Mrythonee]], agh mysh [[700|700 BNJ]] haink ny Yernee, er lhieu. Veih'n sleih shoh haink y pobbyl Manninagh leah. S'leayr shen ayns caghlaa 'sy çhengey v'ad jannoo ymmyd jeh ayns cowraghyn grainnit [[Ogham]]. Ta mooinjerys foast eddyr [[Gaelg|Gaelg Vanninagh]], [[Yernish]] as [[Gaelg Albinagh]]. Ec jerrey yn hoghtoo cheead, ghow ny [[Loghlynagh|Loghlynee]] toshiaght cummal ayns Mannin. Er lhimmey jeh croo [[Tinvaal]] as rheynn yn thalloo, cha row caghlaaghyn mooarey dys cultoor ny Manninee. Ga dy row Loghlynish gobbraghey er Gaelg, v'eh gyn monney bree. Ren [[Gorree Crovan]] croo yn reeriaght Loghlynagh [[Reeriaght Mannin as ny h-Ellanyn|Mannin as ny h-Ellanyn]] ayns [[1079]]. Ayns [[1266]], rere [[Conaant Pheairt]], ren Ree Loghlyn [[Magnus VI]] lhiggey ny h-ellanyn da [[Nalbin]]. Haink Mannin fo stiurey Sostnagh 'sy jeihoo cheead as kiare, as fo [[Crooin Hostyn]] ayns [[1765]]. Car traaghyn Loghlynagh, v'ad gra roo ellanyn [[Reeriaght Mannin as ny h-Ellanyn]] Loghlynagh ''Súðreyjar'' ny "Sudreys" (ellanyn y jiass) soie noi ry hoi ny ''Norðreyjar'' (ellanyn y twoie) as adsyn [[yn Orkaid]] as [[Shetlynn]]. Haink yn ennym shoh dy ve Sodor. T'ad gra rish aspickys [[Agglish Hostyn]] foast [[Aspickys Sodor as Mannin]], ga nagh vel agh Mannin ayn. Tra screeu yn [[W.V. Awdry|Arrymagh W. V. Awdry]], ren eh cooiney yn ellan [[Sodor]] myr ellan conrieugh as eshyn soit eddyr Mannin as slyst [[Cumbria|Chumbria]]. Va ymmyd jeant jeh Mannin myr boayl son campyn [[Prysoonys]] Shivoilee Joaree rish y [[Kied Chaggey Mooar|Chied Chaggey Mooar]] as y [[Nah Chaggey Mooar]] reesht. === Tinvaal === {{Ardart|Tinvaal}} Ta Tinvaal ny ardwhaill Vannin, as v'eh currit er bun ayns 979 RC dy ennymagh. Dy so-arganeagh, t'eh yn ardwhaill shinney gyn scuirr erbee 'sy teihll.<ref> Ta ardwhaillyn ny [[Althing|h-Eeslynn]] as ny [[Løgting|h-Ellanyn Faaroagh]] ny shinney, agh v'ad astyrid eddyr 1800 dys 1845, as eddyr 1816 dys 1852, er lheh</ref>. Ta çhaglym bleinoil jesh-chliaghtagh foast freayll taghyrt ec Cronk Keeill Eoin ayns Jerrey Sourey er Laa Tinvaal. She laa ashoonagh yn Ellan eh, traa t'ad fockley magh ardenmyn as cur coontey giare jeh ny leighyn noa ta Quaill Tinvaal er nyannoo rish y blein roish shen. == Çheer-oaylleeaght == {{Ardart|Çheer-oaylleeaght Vannin}} {{Jeeagh|Rolley ellanyn Vannin}} [[Coadan:Isle of Man map-en.svg|250px|thumb|Caslys-çheer jeh Mannin]] [[Coadan:Isle-of-Man-Ramsey-Kirk-Michael.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Mannin]] Chammah as ellan mooar Vannin hene, ta Mannin goaill stiagh ny h-ellanyn beggey [[Yn Cholloo]], [[Carrick ny Kylliu]] as [[Ellan Noo Perrick]]. Ta Mannin soit ayns mean y [[Mooir Vannin|Vooir Vannin]], as ish kiangley da'n [[Keayn Sheear|Cheayn Sheear]] lesh [[Mooir Vretin]] eddyr [[Nerin]] as [[Bretin]] as [[Kernow]] da'n jiass, as lesh [[Ammyr ny h-Albey]] eddyr [[Nerin]] as [[Nalbin]]. Ta Mannin ny kuse jeh ny h-[[Ellanyn Goaldagh]], ellanragh faggys da slyst sheear-hwoaie ny h-Oarpey neuellanagh. Ta'n ellan soit ayns [[Mooir Vannin]] mysh coaggys da [[Sostyn]], [[Nalbin]] as [[Nerin]]. Mysh 52 kilomeadar (32 meeillaghyn) er liurid, as eddyr 13 as 24 kilomeader (8 as 15 meeillaghyn) er lheead, ta boayl mysh [[1 E8 m²|572 km²]] (221 [[meeiley cherrinagh|meeilaghyn kerrinagh]]) eck. Ta cruink 'sy twoaie as 'sy jiass, as coan meanagh rheynn yn ellan. Ta gob y twoaie ny rea dy neuchadjin. T'eh jeant seose jeh ny ren awinyn rioee cur sheese tra v'ad gleashaghey veih Nalbin Sheear rish traaghyn ny s'feayrey. Cha nel agh un slieau ny syrjey na daa housane trieyn (610m), [[Sniaull]] as eshyn 621m er yrjid. Rere yn shennockle, veih'n vullagh ta shey reeriaghtyn ry-akin: Mannin, [[Nalbin]], [[Sostyn]], [[Nerin]], [[Bretin]] as [[Niau]]. <ref>http://www.iomguide.com/mountainrailway.php</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.gov.im/tourism/culture/attractions/snaefell_attract.xml |accessdate=2007-09-30 |archivedate=2007-09-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181229/http://www.gov.im/tourism/culture/attractions/snaefell_attract.xml }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.bestloved.com/attractions/snaefell-mountain-railway-in-douglas-isle-of-man-the-north-england-uk.php |accessdate=2008-01-29 |archivedate=2007-09-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929012827/http://www.bestloved.com/attractions/snaefell-mountain-railway-in-douglas-isle-of-man-the-north-england-uk.php }}</ref> Ta kuse dy lhiegganyn cur reeriaght shiaghtoo daue: ny t'ec [[Manannan Mac Lir]] (ny [[Neptune]]), Reeriaght y Cheayn. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/tourism/pcards/snaefell.htm |access-date=2008-01-29 |archive-date=2008-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514221156/http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/tourism/pcards/snaefell.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/celtic/ekeltoi/volumes/vol2/2_4/maddrell_2_4.pdf</ref> === Baljyn as baljyn beggey ayns Mannin === She [[Doolish]] preeu-valley Vannin neayr's 1863, as [[Balley Chashtal]] v'eh roish shen. Ta [[Tinvaal]] çhaglym ayns Doolish er-lhimmey jeh [[Laa Tinvaal]] tra t'eh ny hoie ec [[Cronk Keeill Eoin]]. Ta'n ard-hiamble ynrican 'syn Ellan ayns [[Purt ny hInshey]], as rere shen ta sleih gra dy vel ee ny "h-ard-valley ynrican Vannin". Shoh thie [[Aspick Hodor as Vannin]]. Baljyn elley 'syn Ellan, t'ad goaill stiagh [[Rhumsaa]], [[Laksaa]], [[Purt le Moirrey]], [[Purt Chiarn]], [[Balley Beg]], [[Balley Sallagh]], [[Balley Drine]], [[Forsdal]], [[Balley Keeil Eoin]], [[Kione Droghad]], as [[Creneash]]. == Sleih == {{Ardart|Manninee }} Rere sleih-earroo 2016,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Summary results of the Isle of Man Census 2006 |url=http://www.gov.im/lib/docs/treasury/economic/census/isleofmancensusreport2006.pdf |accessdate=2007-06-14 |archivedate=2007-06-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614044009/http://www.gov.im/lib/docs/treasury/economic/census/isleofmancensusreport2006.pdf }}</ref> ta 83,314 sleih cummal ayns Mannin, as 26,997 jeu cummal 'sy ard-valley eck, [[Doolish]]. Rug yn chooid sloo jeh'n phobble ayns ny h-[[Ellanyn Goaldagh]]. Rug 47.6% jeu ayns Mannin, 37.2% ayns Sostyn, 3.4% ayns Nalbin, 2,1% ayns Nerin Twoaie, 2.1% ayns Pobblaght Nerin, 1.2% ayns Bretin as 0.3% ayns ny h-Ellanyn Vooir Eeaght. == Cultoor == {{jeeagh|Kiaull Vannin}} Ta kiangley mooar ayn eddyr kiaull Mannin as kiaull Jernish as Loghlynagh. Lurg baase [[Ned Maddrell]] ayns 1974 va [[kiaull]] as [[cultoor Manninagh]] gowit toshiaght reesht ec [[Yn Chruinnaght]] ayns [[Rhumsaa]]. Ayns y tra t'ayn, ta monney kiaulleyderyn ayn myr [[The Mollag Band]], [[King Chiaullee]] as [[Paitçhyn Vannin]] ta cloie kiaull ayns Gaelg. === Shennaghys yn ennym === Ta bunnys yn ennym Vannin neuchronnal. T'ad cur er yn Ellan ''Mannin'' ny ''Mannin''. Yn kied cummey jeh'n ennym as fys er, t'eh ''{{lang|gv|Manu}}'' ny ''{{lang|gv|Mana}}''<ref>''The Isle of Man. A Social, Cultural and Political History.'' liorish R.H. Kinvig, dg 18 (1975) (3rd Edition) Liverpool University Press ISBN 0-85323-391-8</ref>. Ta shen cur yn ennym [[gienneydagh]] ''{{lang|gv|Manann}}'' as eshyn çheet dy ve ''{{lang|gv|Mannin}}''. Rish amm [[Julius Caesar]], as eh cur shilley er Yn Vretin Vooar rish 55 as 54 RC, ren eh screeu mychione "ellan as ad cur ''Mona'' jee", as eshyn soit ayns mean ny marrey ta rheynn Yn Vretin Vooar veih Nerin.'<ref>''The Isle of Man. A Social, Cultural and Political History.'' liorish R.H. Kinvig, dgn 18-19 (1975) (3rd Edition) Liverpool University Press ISBN 0-85323-391-8</ref> === Çhengaghyn === {{jeeagh|Gaelg}} Ta çhengaghyn oikoil Mannin [[Gaelg]] as [[Baarle]]. Ta abbyrt Vaarle goll er loayrt, as ad cur [[Baarle Vanninagh]] j'ee. She çhengey [[çhengaghyn Celtiagh|Cheltiagh]] [[çhengaghyn Gaelgagh|Ghaelgagh]] ee yn Ghaelg, as ish ny fer jeh ny [[çhengaghyn Celtiagh ellanagh]] ta goll er loayrt ayns ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh. Ta ennym oikoil er Gaelg myr [[çhengaghyn ardjynagh|çhengey ardjynagh]] [[çhengaghyn dooie|ghooie]] rere y [[Conaant son Çhengaghyn Ardjynagh ny Fo-hengaghyn]]. Ren y Reeriaght Unnaneyssit shickyraghey eh er 27 Mart 2001 ass lieh reiltys Vannin. Ta faggys-mooinjerys eddyr [[Gaelg|Gaelg Vanninagh]], [[Gaelg Albinagh]] as [[Yernish]]. Ec mean y feedoo cheead, cha row agh beggan [[loayrteyder dooie|loayrteyderyn dooie]] faagit. Hooar y fer s'jerree jeu, [[Ned Maddrell]], baase er [[27 Mee ny Nollick]], [[1974]]. Roish shen va aavioghey er ngoaill toshiaght ny vud ny sleih, as va ram jou gynsaghey Gaelg myr nah hengey. Ta ny kied loayreyderyn dooie Gaelg (daa-hengagh marish Baarle) rish ymmodee bleeantyn er jeet rish: paitçhyn hie er troggal liorish ayraghyn as moiraghyn as Gaelg oc. Ta ynsee bunscoill ry-gheddyn veih reiltys Vannin: neayr 2003, ta'n [[Bunscoill Ghaelgagh|Vunscoill Ghaelgagh]] er yannoo ymmyd jeh'n shenn troggal Scoill [[Balley Keeill Eoin|Valley Keeill Eoin]]. Ta keimyn 'sy Ghaelg ry-gheddyn veih [[Colleish Mannin]] as [[Laare-studeyrys Manninagh]]. Ta possanyn-cloie Gaelg ayn neesht, as ta brastyllyn Gaelg ry-gheddyn ayns scoillyn er yn Ellan. Rere kione-earroo 2001, ren 1,689 veih 76,312, ny 2.2% jeh'n phobbyl, aggyrt dy row Gaelg oc. Cha row Gaelg flaaoil ec dagh fer jeu, fodmayd goaill ass laue. Ta ymmyd cadjin jeant jeh ny bannaghtyn ''moghrey mie'' as ''fastyr mie''. Chammah as shen ta ''traa dy liooar'' ry-chlashtyn dy cadjin, as shen soilshaghey barel beaynchrooagh veh'n ymmyrkey bea Manninagh. === Cowraghyn === [[Coadan:The armoured triskelion on the flag of the Isle of Man.svg|thumb|Tree cassyn Mannin.]] Rish cheeadyn, ta cowrey yn Ellan er ve yn shenn [[tree cassyn Mannin]]: tree cassyn lhoobit, dy cheilley ry lheayst, as jialg vrasnee ec dagh jeu. Cha nel lhieggan oikoil jeh'n Tree Cassyn; ta jallooyn anchasley ec clouyn yn reiltys, argid, brattaghyn, Boayrt Failt as fir elley. Ta mooinjerys eddyr ny tree cassyn as jarroo-raa ny hEllan, as hie eshyn er doltey anmagh er e hennaghys: ''Quocunque Jeceris Stabit'', ny 'sy Ghaelg, ''Aghterbee ceauee shiu eh, shassee eh''. Dy mennick, t'ad soilshaghey yn jarroo-raa dy chur trimmid er beayn-hassooaght. Ta ram scoillyn caghaa yn jaroo-raa beggan dys greinnaghey lhiantyn rish as gobbraghey dy creoi. Ta bun ny Tree Cassyn Mannin shenn-skeeal Manninagh, as eshyn gra ren [[Manannan mac Lir|Manannan]] castey soiagh liorish caghlaa eh hene dys cummey ny tree cassyn as queeylley neose y chronk orroo. Ta'n tree cassyn goll er jannoo foast reesht er cowraghyn cleinney lesh crouwyn y lught-thie ooasle Loghlynagh va reilley Mannin derrey yn treeoo cheead jeig . Yn lhieggan shoh, s'lesh yn crouw [[Skancke]] eh, as nyn ennym çheet veih'n 'ockle Loghlynagh "shank", ny "cass" 'sy Ghaelg. Hannee lught-thie reeoil Vannin er yn Ellan rish kuse dy vleeantyn lurg baase [[Magnus III jeh Loghlyn|Magnus III]] as toshiaght reill Albinagh. Cha ren ad arraghey ersooyl derrey eab jerrinagh liorish ny Manninee, ayns 1275, ny shenn reeraghtys Sudreyar erash y chur lhein. Ren ad irree magh noi ny h-Albinee, agh she cragh v'eh, as keeadyn jeh sleih geddyn baase (goaill stiagh yn Ree Loghlynagh jerrinagh Vannin [[Godred IV Magnuson]]) tra hie ad fo haart ec [[Caggey Roonysvie]], faggys da [[Balley Chashtal]]. Hie ny fir ooasle dys Loghlyn as stiagh 'syn chooyrt reeoil, raad hooar ad ard-cheimyn fo'n chrooin dy tappee. === Feayn-skeeallyn as beeal-arrish === Rere feayn-skeeallydaght Manninagh, hie yn Ellan er reill liorish [[Manannan mac Lir]]. Cha nel skeeallyn ayns coardailys my row eh ny jee ny ny fer obbee niartal, agh v'eh ny ard-reiltagh giastyllagh as choadee eh yn Ellan noi dagh ooilley noidyn. Foddee eh ceau cloagey kay mygeayrt yn Ellan dys follaghey ee veih ruegeyderyn. Rish beeal-arrish Manninagh, shimmey skeeal t'ayn mychione cretooryn as sleih far-skeealagh. T'ad goaill stiagh ny [[Buggane]] – spyrryd olk goanlyssagh, ren sheidey ersool mullagh cheeill Trinian Noo fo fergey. T'ad gra dy 'oddee eh caghlaa eh hene dys moddey mooar doo, ny gruagagh, ny ram jallooyn elley, dys cur aggle er peiagh. Chammah as eshyn ta'n [[Fynoderee]], fer mooar as geayshteenagh; yn [[Glashtyn]] ta caghlaa dys cabbyl as geabbey baih sleih; as yn [[Moddey Doo]], baagh neuheiltagh va ny hooyl trooid corradoyryn as boallaghyn Chashtal Purt ny h-Inshey. Cumaltee smoo ard-ghooagh Vannin, shen y [[Mooinjer Veggey]], as sleih cur 'ad hene' orroo dy mennick. As uss goll harrish [[Droghad Skylley Vraddan]], t'ad gra dy vel eh drogh aigh mannagh vel shiu cur failt er ad hene lesh ''moghrey mie'' ny ''fastyr mie''. Ta shenn skeeal Yernagh gra dy hie [[Logh Nay]] er jannoo rish caggey ayns Nerin eddyr yn foawr ard-ghooagh Yernagh, [[Finn Mac Cooil]], as foawr ruy Albinagh. Hooar Finn yn varriaght, as chouds va'n foawr Albinagh hea ersooyl, ghow Finn greim er croaglagh thalloo Nerin as cheau eh eh ny yei. Ren eh coayl, as huitt yn ceab thalloo stiagh ayns [[Mooir Vannin]], as shen yn aght hie Mannin er croo. == Beiyn == Rere beiyn çheeragh, ta'n [[kayt Manninagh|chayt Manninagh]] y fer as fys ec cagh er. Ta'n ennym cadjin echey ''Stubbin''. Ta'n [[cheyrrey loaghtyn]] ny keyrrey nagh vel ry-akin raad elley, as ee jeh sliught kirree vunneydagh [[Nalbin|ny h-Albey]]. Ta'n [[scraayl]] ny [[ushag varrey]], ''Manx shearwater'' 'sy Vaarle er y fa dy row coloin mooar scraaylyn er [[Yn Cholloo|y Cholloo]]. Ren y kynney parail er coontey ny roddanyn haink 'syn ellan veih lhong-vrishey anmagh 'sy hoghtoo cheead jeig. Ny yei shen, ta ny roddanyn er ngoll er scughey veih'n Cholloo er y gherrid, as myr shen ta earrooyn ny scraaylyn bishaghey. Ta'n [[caaig|chaaig]] ny h-oltey jeh sheel y fannag as gob jiarg baghtal echey. == Bee as jough == She bee ashoonagh yn Ellan ''skeddan as praasyn''. Va ny Manninee gee ad rish eashyn, as adsyn nyn croiteyr as eeasteyryn son y chooid smoo. Ga nagh vel eeastyn cho scanshoil da bea yn Ellan nish, ta ram eeast goll er ee liorish ny Manninee foast. Rish ny bleeantyn shoh chaie ta'n eeastey traghtee er ngoll shymley, agh ta meeryn-vlastal goaill stiagh [[skeddan jiarg]] veih thieyn jaagh [[Purt ny h-Inshey|Phurt ny h-Inshey]]. Jiu t'ad jannoo ymmyd jeh skeddan [[Mooir Hostyn|Vooir Hostyn]] son y chooid smoo. T'ad jannoo sur-vee elley myr [[braddan jaaghit]] as [[bagoon]] myrgeddin. Ta [[partan]], [[gimmagh]] as [[roagan]]yn goll er eeastey dy traghtee, as ta [[mynroagan]] nyn meeryn-vlastal er lheh, as blass millish, eddrym oc. Ta [[bioddagh]] as [[breck]] ry-gheddyn veih keayn, awinyn as loghyn yn Ellan, lesh cooney guirrlan eeast yn Reiltys ec [[Cornaa]]. Ta [[ollagh|ollee]], [[keyrrey|kirree]], [[muc]]yn as [[eeanlee]] ooilley goll er gerinagh, as ta eayn chrink Vannin ny lhongey cadjin. Ta feill mea ec yn Loaghtan, as ard-choagyryn foayragh da er [[Masterchef]] er y [[BBC]]. Ta [[bainney]] as [[caashey]] goll er jannoo liorish keylann ''IOM Creameries''. Haink caashey Vannish lesh er lheh, ayns sorçhyn jaaghit as blast losseree, as t'eh ry-gheddyn ayns ymmodee ard-vargaghyn yn RU. Ta thieyn imbyl [[Okells Brewery]] as [[Bushy's Brewery]] imbyl [[lhune]] dy traghtee. == Reiltys == [[Coadan:IoM.JPG|right|280px|right|thumb|Jalloo cruinlagh Mannin]] {{Ardart|Reiltys Vannin}} Ta'n [[Reeriaght Unnaneyssit]] freggyrtagh son coadey yn Ellan, as son reiltys mie dy jerrinagh. Chammah as shen t'eh loayrt son yn Ellan rish cooishyn eddyr-ashoonagh, choud's ta reiltys Vannin hene stiurey dagh cooish Manninagh. === Troggal === {{Ardart|Leigh Vannin}} She [[Tinvaal]] ardwhaill Vannin, as eshyn goaill toshiaght ayns 979 RC. T'eh ny ardwhaill shinney gyn brishey 'sy teihll. Ta quaill daahamyragh ec Tinvaal: yn [[Kiare as Feed]] (dagh oltey er ny reih liorish teiy cadjin) as yn [[Coonseil slattyssagh|Choonseil Slattyssagh]] (jeant seose veih olteyn trooid oik ny adsyn t'er ny reih dy neuyeeragh). Ta ny daa phossanyn shoh çhaglym ry-cheilley dy hoie myr Tinvaal. Ta crouw kianoortagh yn reiltys yn [[Coonseil ny Shirveishee]]. T'eh jeant seose veih olteynyn Hinvaal. Ta [[Ard-Shirveishagh]] ny ard-chione echey; ec y traa t'ayn nish (2018) shen [[Howard Quayle]] [[Oltey jeh'n Kiare as Feed|OKF]]. Ta'n [[Lhiass-chiannoort Mannin|Fo-Chiannoort Mannin]] jannoo currymyn fo-reeoil. === Mooinjerys Çheumooie === Rere [[leigh Vretin Vooar]], cha nel Mannin ny rheynn yn Reeriaght Unnaneyssit. Ny yei shen, ta'n RU goaill kiaral jeh ny cooishyn çheumooie as ny ta bentyn rish coadey. Chammah as shen, ta ard-niart ec yn RU da jannoo slattys son yn Ellan. ==== Seyraanaght ==== Ta seyraanaght Vannin rere leigh yn [[Reeriaght Unnaneyssit]], as ta Manninee coontit myr [[seyranee Vretin Vooar]]. Ny ta gyn shenn ayr ny shenn vooir va ruggit 'syn RU (as adsyn gyn cummal rish queig bleiney ny smoo 'syn RU gyn brishey), cha nel ny kiedyn cheddin oc myr oc seyranee Vretin Vooar elley, bentyn rish gobbraghey as cummal ayns yn [[Unnaneyns Europagh]]. ==== Yn Unnaneys Oarpagh ==== Cha nel olteynys ny co-olteynys yn [[Unnaneys Oarpagh]] ec Mannin. Ta Reill Tree chonaant goll stiagh y Reeriaght Unnaneyssit lhiggey da sleih dellal cooidjyn Manninagh gyn keesh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.bmdf.co.uk/ukaccessiontreaty.pdf |accessdate=2008-01-29 |archivedate=2007-06-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614044010/http://www.bmdf.co.uk/ukaccessiontreaty.pdf }}</ref> Ry-cheilley marish Conaant Custym as Maail rish yn RU, t'eh cur raad da dellal seyr rish yn RU. Ga dy nod cooidjyn Manninagh goll er arraghey dy seyr sthie yn UO, cha nod sleih, bun-argid ny shirveishyn. Foddee seyranee yn UO troailt as cummal 'syn Ellan gyn lhiettalys. ==== Y Co-unnaneys Goaldagh ==== Cha nel Mannin hene ny oltey jeh'n [[Yn Co-unnaneys Goaldagh|Cho-unnaneys Goaldagh]]. Er coontey e mooinjerys rish yn RU, t'eh goaill ayrn ayns kuse dy commyn jeh'n Cho-unnaneys Goaldagh, goaill stiagh [[Sheshaght Ardwhaillagh y Cho-unnaneys Goaldagh]] as [[Gammanyn y Cho-unnaneys Goaldagh]]. === Politickaght === [[Coadan:Isle of Man.png|thumb|Sheadinyn Vannin]] {{Ardart|Politickaght Mannin}} Ta'n chooid smoo jeh politickeyryn Manninagh cur stiagh son reihys myr fir gyn partee. Cha nel ad nyn ynnydee parteeyn politickagh. Ga dy vel parteeyn ayn, cha nel ny cummaght oc cho lajer as t'ayns Reeriaght Unnaneyssit. Ta'n partee politickagh smoo yn [[Partee Libraalagh Vannin]], noa currit er bun, as eshyn aggyrt ny smoo seyrsnys da Mannin as ny smoo freggyrtys 'sy Reiltys. Ta daa olteynyn Tinvaal ec y PLV, goaill stiagh yn Ard-chione [[Kate Beecroft]] [[Oltey jeh'n Kiare as Feed|OKF]]. Ta possan broo ashoonagh [[Mec Vannin]] coyrlaghey cur er bun [[pobblaght]] neuchroghagh. === Gurneilys ynnydagh === {{Ardart|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Mannin}} Ta gurneilys ynnydagh er yn Ellan soit er ny shenn skeeryn. Ta tree sorçhyn jeh lughtyn-reill ayn: balley corpagh, coyrlyn valjey as coyrlyn skeerey. == Farrys == She farrys injil-cheesh Mannin, gyn [[keesh cosnaghyn bun-argidagh]], [[keesh berçhys]], [[keesh chlouag]] ny [[keesh eiraght]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.gov.im/iomfinance/tax/directtax.xml |accessdate=2008-01-29 |archivedate=2012-04-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419122502/http://www.gov.im/iomfinance/tax/directtax.xml }}</ref>. Ta [[keesh çheet stiagh]] er 10% as 18%; [[keesh traght]] er 0%. <ref>https://archive.is/20120803010802/www.gov.im/treasury/incometax/strategy/viewnews.gov?page=lib/news/treasury/incometax/newassessorofinc.xml&menuid=</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://money.independent.co.uk/personal_finance/tax/article349147.ece |accessdate=2008-01-29 |archivedate=2007-05-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070510060817/http://money.independent.co.uk/personal_finance/tax/article349147.ece }}</ref> Ta [[banceyraght]], [[jeantys]] as [[turrysaght]] nyn rheynnyn mooar yn farrys. [[Eirinaght]] as [[eeasteyraght]], bun-chlaghyn y farrys dy row, ta ny symmyn dy vel ad cur dys [[Slane Troar Thie]] (STT/GDP) leodaghey. Son y chooid smoo, ta'n Ellan dellal rish y [[Reeriaght Unnaneyssit]]. Ta reiltys Vannin greinnaghey jannoo filmyn 'syn Ellan trooid cur da costyssyn jannoo. === Arraghey === Ta 800km jeh raadyn theayagh 'syn Ellan, as ad slane pheamadit. Cha nel cagliagh bieauid ec ram jeu. Ta baatyn cadjin dys as veih yn [[Reeriaght Unnaneyssit]] as [[Pobblaght Nerin]]. Ta ny baatyn ooilley goll er obbyr liorish yn [[Isle of Man Steam Packet Company]]. Ta'n purt-aer traghtee ynrican er yn ellan [[Purt Aer Vannin]] ec [[Roonysvaie]]. == Spoyrtyn == She [[cammag]] yn [[spoyrt]] ashoonagh, ta gollrish [[iomain]] Nerin ny [[shinty]] Nalbin. Roish v'eh ny spoyrt smoo cadjin 'syn Ellan, agh haink jerrey er ec toshiaght yn feedoo cheead. Er y gherrid t'eh er ngoll er aavioghey as ta troddyn ayn dagh blein ec [[Balley Keeil Eoin]]. She [[spoyrt]] mooar [[gleash-wheeylaght]], as ta'n [[TT Vannin]] er haghyr roish 1907. Ta fwirran dirdyn obbyr yn ashoonagh as commeeys [[bluckan coshey]] ec Mannin, agh cha nel ad ayns [[FIFA]] kyndagh rish e cheimeeaght politickagh. Ta Mannin goaill ayrn ayns [[Gammanyn y Cho-unnaneys Goaldagh]] as [[Sheshaght Ghammanyn Ellanyn Eddyr-ashoonagh|Gammanyn ny h-Ellanyn]], as bee ee ny h-olteyr da ny IV [[Gammanyn Aeglagh y Cho-unnaneys Goaldagh]] ayns 2011. Hug yn Ellan toshiaght er yn [[Sheshaght Ghammanyn Ellanyn Eddyr-ashoonagh]] ayns 1985. === Ratçhal roar-bree === {{Jeeagh|TT Mannin}} Yn cruinnaght smoo eddyr-ashoonagh roar-bree ta bentyn rish yn Ellan, she yn [[TT Mannin]] eh. Hug ad bun er ayns 1907, as t'eh taghyrt anmagh ayns Mee Boaldyn. Ta [[Grand Prix Vannin]] ny cruinnaght roar-bree da ancheirdee as yeearreyderyn gyn oik ta jannoo ymmyd jeh'n coorse 37.73 meeilley [[Coorse Sniaul|Sniaul]] cheddin anmagh ayns Mee Luanistyn as leah ayns Mean Fouyir. == Cummaltee ard-ghooagh == {{Ardart| Cummaltee ard-ghooagh Vannin}} === Hie er ruggey ny troggal 'syn Ellan === * [[Ny Bee Gees]] * [[Mark Cavendish]], daawheeylleyder. * [[Charles Kerruish]], yn chied Manninagh dy ve ny Chione y reiltys ayns 1961. * [[Illiam Dhone]], va ec kione irree magh noi reill Sostnagh er yn Ellan. Hug ad baase er ayns 1663. * [[Nigel Kneale]], screeudeyr-film far-skeealyn sheanse as scoagh. <!--- Cha lhisagh agh beggan beg sleih feer scanshoil ve ayns shoh. Cur-shiu nyn enmyn er nyn duillag hene hoshiaght--> === Haink dys yn Ellan === * [[Jeremy Clarkson]], earisheyr as fer çhellveeish. * [[Neil Hodgson]], reih Superbike as World Superbike 2003. * [[Norman Wisdom|Sir Norman Wisdom]], cloiedeyr as fer aitt. * [[John Rhys Davies]], cloiedeyr. * [[Andy Kershaw]], DJ. <!--- Cha lhisagh agh beggan beg sleih feer scanshoil ve ayns shoh. Cur-shiu nyn enmyn er nyn duillag hene hoshiaght--> == Artyn elley == [[Gaelg]], [[Tinvaal]], [[Ned Maddrell]], [[Colleish Ree Illiam]], [[Reiltys Vannin]], [[Kiare as Feed]], [[Coonseil Slattyssagh Vannin]], [[Mec Vannin]]. == Jeeagh er neesht == {{collooghyn |width=300px |gap=10px |col1 = * [[Gaelg]] * [[Kayt Manninagh]] |col2 = * [[Baljyn Mannin]] * [[Laa Tinvaal]] * [[Rolley reeaghyn Vannin]] |col3 = * [[Rolley ashoonyn gyn lane seyrsnys]] * [[Blaanid as beiyn Vannin]] }} ==Noteyn== {{notelist}} == Imraaghyn == {{reflist}} {{imraaghyntoshiaght}} * Russel, G. 1988. Distribution and development of some Manx epiphyte populations. ''Helgolander Meeresunters.'' '''42''': 477 - 492. {{imraaghynjerrey}} == Kianglaghyn magh == * [http://www.isleofman.com/ isleofman.com] Mannin er-voggyl. * [http://www.iomguide.com/ Isle of Man Guide] Oayllys lhean da Mannin. * [http://www.gov.im Manx Government] Reiltys Vannin, as ram cooishyn bea Manninagh. * [http://www.manxscenes.com/ Manx Scenes.com] Lioar-hasht lhean caslys-soilshagh. * [http://www.virtualiom.com/ Isle of Man Tour] Jallooyn 360 keimyn jeh Mannin. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080304093626/http://www.manxviews.com/ Manxviews] Ny smoo na 1300 jallooyn Manninagh. {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{Celtee}} {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} [[Ronney:Mannin| ]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn Vannin]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn Goaldagh]] [[Ronney:Ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn as thallooyn Celtiagh]] [[Ronney:Croghaneyn-crooin]] [[Ronney:Croghaneyn yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Aa-choloinyn Norlynnagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] 5ptp0yvodyl27zhk0ssvk5p6on7hjve 0 979 359529 358975 2025-06-22T18:13:46Z MacTire02 219 clowanyn elley 359529 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Art reiht rollage}} {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland {{small|([[Baarle]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = y Reeriaght Unnaneysit |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg |sorçh_cowrey = Armys reeoil |jalloo_caslys = Europe-UK_(orthographic_projection).svg |arrane_ashoonagh = "[[God Save the King]]"{{Efn|She "God Save the King" ("Dy Sauail Jee yn Ree" 'sy Ghaelg) yn [[arrane ashoonagh]] rere cadjin-chliaghtey, cha rere yn leigh, as cha nel lhieggan eaghtyrit ayn. Dy cadjin, cha nel agh y chied rane er ghoaill, ga dy vel y nah rane er ghoaill keayrtyn ec taghyrtyn steat as theayagh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Anthem |url=https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/national-anthem |access-date=10 Averil 2024 |website=The Royal Family |archive-date=20 Boaldyn 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520130352/https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/national-anthem |url-status=live }}</ref> Ta ny focklyn ''King, he, him, his'', ta ymmydit jiu, scughit as ny focklyn ''Queen, she, her'' currit stiagh 'syn ynnyd oc tra she ben y monark.}}{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:United_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.ogg|God Save the King / Queen]]}} |sorçh_çhengaghyn = [[Çhengey ashoonagh]] |çhengaghyn = [[Baarle]]{{Efn|Ga nagh vel [[çhengey oikoil|staydys oikoil]] ''[[de jure]]'' ec y Vaarle, ta staydys er lheh currit da'n [[Baarle Albinagh|Vaarle Albinagh]], da'n [[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh|Baarle Albinagh Ultagh]], da'n [[Bretnish|Vretnish]], da'n [[Cornish|Chornish]], da [[Gaelg ny h-Albey]], as da'n [[Yernish]] myr [[çhengey ardjynagh|çhengaghyn ardjynagh]] ny [[myn-çhengey|myn-çhengaghyn]] rere y [[Kaart Oarpagh cour Çhengaghyn Ardjynagh as Myn-çhengaghyn|Chaart Oarpagh cour Çhengaghyn Ardjynagh ny Myn-çhengaghyn]] lesh [[Coonseil yn Oarpey]].<ref name="reglang">{{Cite web |title=List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148 |url=http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?CL=ENG&NT=148&VL=1 |access-date=12 Nollick 2013 |publisher=[[Coonseil yn Oarpey]] |archive-date=12 Nollick 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212175720/http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?CL=ENG&NT=148&VL=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> T'ad goaill stiagh currymyn ry hoi cur-er-oaie ny çhengaghyn shen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welsh language on GOV.UK – Content design: planning, writing and managing content – Guidance |url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/welsh-language-on-gov-uk |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |website=gov.uk |archive-date=4 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804014121/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/welsh-language-on-gov-uk |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Welsh language scheme |work=GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport/about/welsh-language-scheme |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-date=4 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804014119/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport/about/welsh-language-scheme |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Welsh language scheme |work=GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office/about/welsh-language-scheme |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-date=2 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802010917/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office/about/welsh-language-scheme |url-status=live }}</ref> Chammah's shen, ta staydys enmyssit currit da'n [[Çhengey Chowree Ghoaldagh]]. Jeeagh er [[Çhengaghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] chammah.}} |preeu-valley = [[Lunnin]] |latd=51 |latm=30 |latNS=N |longd=0 |longm=07 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = [[Monarkaght vunraghtoil#Nalbin, Sostyn, as y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Monarkaght vunraghtoil pharlamaidagh]] unnaneagh |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Monark y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Keir Starmer]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 244,820 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 94,526 |eaghtyr_rhenk = 79oo |ushtey_sy_cheead = 1.34 |pobble_ooley = 60,975,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.nationalstatistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=6 |access-date=2008-08-31 |archive-date=2005-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051028130741/http://www.nationalstatistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=6 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |blein_ooley_pobble = 2007 |rhenk_ooley_pobble = 22h |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = 2001 |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 246 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 637 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = 48oo |blein_possanyn_kynneeagh = 2001 |blein_LTS_CCK = 2006 |LTS_CCK = $2.270 trillioon |rhenk_LTS_CCK = 6oo |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = $37,328 |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = 13oo |LTS_ennymagh = $2.772 trillioon |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = 5oo |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2007 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = $45,845 |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = 9oo |blein_ALD = 2005 |ALD = {{bishaghey}} 0.946 |rhenk_ALD = 16oo |ronney_ALD = <font color="#009900">ard</font> |Gini = 34<ref name=factbook>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090513124910/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html CIA World Factbook][Rang-oardraghey Gini]</ref> |blein_Gini = 2005 |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Crooaght]] |quaiyl = [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneyssit as Nerin Hwoaie|Ard-whaiyl]] |quaiyl_syrjey = [[Quaiyl ny Çhiarnyn]] |quaiyl_s'inshley = [[Quaiyl s'inshley yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Quaiyl Hostyn]] |note_kiondeeaght = |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1707]] |date1_bunnit = 1 Boaldyn 1707 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1800]] |date2_bunnit = 1 Jerrey Geuree 1801 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Conaant Anglo-Yernagh]] |date3_bunnit = 12 Averil 1922 |argid = [[punt Sostynagh]] (£) |coad_argid = GBP |traa_ynnydagh = [[Traa Mean Greenwich|GMT]] |ashchur_utc = +0 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa Souree Goaldagh|BST]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +1 |cctld = [[.uk]] |coad_çhellvane = 44 |fo-noteyn = }} She çheer ayns sheear hwoaie yn [[Yn Oarpey|Oarpey]] ee '''Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie''' ([[Baarle]]: ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'') ny '''yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit''', yn '''RU''', '''yn Vretyn Vooar''' ny '''Çheer ny Goal''' ny keayrtyn. T'eh ny heer ellanagh<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/615557/United-Kingdom | title = Encyclopaedia Britannica | quote = Island country located off the north-western coast of mainland Europe | accessdaymonth=25 Mean Fouyir|accessyear = 2007}}</ref><ref name="Countries">{{cite web |url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 |title=Countries within a country |publisher=www.number-10.gov.uk |accessdaymonth=13 Mean Souree|accessyear=2007|quote=Countries within a country|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080909013512/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823|archivedate=2008-09-09}}</ref> ta goll reish [[y Vretyn Vooar]], shiar hwoaie [[Nerin]], as ram ellanyn beggey. Cha nel joarey thallooin ayns y Reeriaght Unnaneysit agh ayns [[Nerin Hwoaie]] liorish [[Pobblaght Nerin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.eu2005.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1115141709899|title = Member States: United Kingdom|accessdaymonth = 29 Boaldyn|accessyear = 2006|publisher = UK Presidency of the EU 2005|accessdate = 2008-11-14|archivedate = 2006-03-14|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060314081107/http://www.eu2005.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1115141709899}}</ref> Faagail magh y joarey shoh, ta'n RU caglit liorish [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]], [[Mooir Hostyn]], [[Mooir yn Eeaght]], as [[Mooir Vannin]]. Ta'n ellan smoo, yn Vretyn Vooar, kianglt rish [[y Rank]] liorish [[Thiollane Vooir Eeaght]]. Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny steat unnaneagh as t'eh jeant seose jeh kiare [[Çheeraghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|çheeraghyn]]: [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]], [[Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Sostyn]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp|title=The Countries of the UK|publisher=www.statistics.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=10 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020329130655/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp|archivedate=2002-03-29}}</ref> T'eh reillit liorish [[corys ard-whaiylagh]] lesh soiaghey yn reiltys ayns y [[preeu-valley]] [[Lunnin]], agh ta tree [[reirey jeeveanit|reiraghyn ashoonagh jeeveanit]] ayns [[Beeal Feirshtey]], [[Cayr Deeth]] as [[Doon Edin]], preeu-valjyn Nerin Hwoaie, Vretin, as ny h-Albey. Ta'n RU ny [[reeriaght vunraghtoil]] lesh [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree Çhalse III]] myr fer toshee y steat. She [[Croghaneyn-Crooin]] [[Ellanyn Vooir Eeaght]] as [[Mannin]] as cha nel ad nyn gooid jeh'n RU, agh t'ad jannoo conastey lesh.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012517| title = Key facts about the United Kingdom| accessdaymonth = 26 Mean Souree| accessyear = 2008| work = Government, citizens and rights| publisher = [[Directgov]]| quote = The full title of this country is 'the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'. 'The UK' is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 'Great Britain' (or just 'Britain') does not include Northern Ireland. The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are not part of the UK.| accessdate = 2008-11-14| archivedate = 2008-11-15| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081115150128/http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012517}}</ref> Ta kiare [[thallooyn har mooir Goaldagh]] jeig ec yn RU,<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/fco-in-action/global-network/ | title = FCO global network | work = FCO in Action | publisher = [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] | accessdaymonth=26 Mean Souree|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080331091058/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/fco-in-action/global-network/|archivedate=2008-03-31}}</ref> as t'ad nyn remladyn jeh'n [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]], yn impiraght smoo ayns shennaghys y theihill. Ta Ree Çhalse III foast ny 'er toshee er [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] as ny ben hoshee er dagh ream co-unnaneysagh. == Shennaghys == {{ardart|Shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Sadler, Battle of Waterloo.jpg|left|thumb|Va [[Cah Waterloo]] jerrey [[ny Caggaghyn Napoleonagh]]]] Er 1 Boaldyn 1707, va yabanagada [[Reeriaght ny Bretyn Mooar]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/ |title=Welcome|publisher=www.parliament.uk|accessdaymonth=7 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |title=THE TREATY or Act of the Union |publisher=www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk |accessdaymonth=27 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> crooit rere [[unnaneys politickagh]] eddyr [[Reeriaght Hostyn]] (as eh goaill stiagh [[Bretin]]) as [[Reeriaght ny h-Albey]]. Va'n taghyrt shen ny eiyrtys jeh [[Conaant yn Unnaneys]] as eh fo-screeuit er 22 Jerrey Souree 1706,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/rise_parliament/docs/articles_union.htm |title=Articles of Union with Scotland 1707|publisher=www.parliament.uk |accessdaymonth=19 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> as eh shickyrit liorish [[Ard-whaiyl Hostyn]] as [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey]] lesh çheet [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1707|Slattys yn Unnaneys]] ayns 1707. Begnagh keead ny s'anmey, va [[Reeriaght Nerin]] kianglt rish Reeriaght ny Bretyn Mooar liorish çheet [[Slattys yn Unnaneys 1800]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.actofunion.ac.uk/actofunion.htm#act | title=The Act of Union |publisher=Act of Union Virtual Library |accessdaymonth=15 Boaldyn|accessyear=2006}}</ref> Faagail magh dy row Sostyn as Nalbin nyn steatyn anchaslagh roish 1707, v'ad ayns [[unnaneys persoonagh]] veih [[Unnaneys ny Crooinyn]] ayns 1603, tra va troyn Reeriaghtyn Hostyn as Nerin eirit ec [[Jamys I Hostyn|Jamys VI Ree ny h-Albey]] as va'n cooyrt reeoil arraghit veih Doon Edin gys Lunnin.<ref>{{cite book|title=Chronology of Scottish History|publisher=Geddes & Grosset|isbn=1855343800|last=Ross|first=David|date=2002|quote=''1603:'' James VI becomes [[James I of England]] in the [[Union of the Crowns]], and leaves Edinburgh for London|page=56}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Claiming Scotland: National Identity and Liberal Culture|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=1902930169|last=Hearn|first=Jonathan|date=2002|quote=Inevitably, James moved his court to London|page=104}}</ref> [[Coadan:British Empire 1897.jpg|thumb|left|Yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]] ayns 1897. Ayns 1920 haink urree dy ve ny h-impiraght smoo er y theihll.]] 'Sy chied cheead, va paart mooar ayns lhiasaghey eieyn heear y [[corys ard-whaiylagh|chorys ard-whaiylagh]] as va cohortysyn mooarey jeant ec y çheer ayns lettyraght, ellynyn as oaylleeaght.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ferguson |first=Niall |authorlink=Niall Ferguson |year=2003 |title=Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=0465023282}}</ref> Cheaghil [[y Çhyndaa Çhynskylagh]] y çheer as hug eh cooney er lhiasaghey [[yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh]]. Ec y traa shen, chammah as çheeraghyn mooarey elley, va paart ec yn RU ayns y [[Coloinaghys|choloinaghys]], goaill stiagh [[cochionneeaght sleab yn Atlantagh]], ga dy dy hie [[Slattys Cochionneeaght Sleab 1807]] ny hrooid. Va'n RU ny chied çheer dy chur jerrey lesh cochionneeaght sleabyn.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/content/articles/2007/03/20/abolition_navy_feature.shtml Sailing against slavery. Liorish Jo Loosemore] BBC</ref> Lurg traastagh [[Napoleon I ny Frank|Napoleon]] ayns ny [[Caggaghyn Napoleonagh]], dirree yn RU dy ve ny phreeu-chummaght lhuingyssagh y 19oo eash as hannee yn stayd shen echey derrey yn 20oo eash meanagh. Daase yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh gys y cheim smoo ayns 1921, as hooar eh anney [[Leeg ny h-Ashoonyn]] harrish shen-choloinyn ny Germaan as yn Impiraght Turkagh lurg [[Yn Chied Chaggey Dowanagh|y Chied Chaggey Dowanagh]]. She trooid çhionnidyn broie ayns Nerin, haghyr [[Slattys Reiltys Nerin 1920|rheynn magh]] yn ellan ayns 1920, as seyrsnys [[Seyr Steat Nerin|Heyr Steat Nerin]] ayns 1922 ny lurg. Hannee Nerin Hwoaie lesh yn RU. Myr eiyrtys, ayns 1927, va ennym formoil ny çheerey çhyndaait gys y lhieggan roie, Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny Bretyn Mooar as Nerin Hwoaie.<ref name="CAIN">{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/ait1921.htm |title=The Anglo-Irish Treaty, 6 December 1921 |publisher=CAIN |accessdaymonth=15 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |access-date=14 November 2008 |archive-date=14 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514145108/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/ait1921.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Coadan:Supermarinespitfire.JPG|thumb|right|[[Cah ny Bretyn Mooar]]. Hannee yn RU ynrican, mastey çheeraghyn cochaarjagh Oarpagh [[Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]], seyr veih cumaltys ny Natsee.]] Rish ny 1920yn, va'n [[BBC]], kied ghreasane creeley eddyr-ashoonagh y theihll, currit er bun. Ren yn RU caggey rish [[Yn Ghermaan Natseeagh|y Ghermaan Natseeagh]] myr nane jeh cummaghtyn Cochaarjagh [[Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]] as hug eh cooney da'n theihll heear-chaggeeagh. By chyndagh rish y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit jeeyllit rere argidys. Hug eeasaghtyn costallagh veih'n [[Yn Chanadey|Chanadey]] as veih [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] cooney da'n RU as eh geearree slaanaghey. Ayns bleeantyn jeeragh ny lurg y chaggey, va'n [[steat lhiasee]] Goaldagh currit er bun, goaill stiagh [[Shirveish Ashoonagh ny Slaynt]], nane jeh ny kied corysyn ooilley-ghoaillagh y torçh shen. Rere aggyrtysyn y claanaghey, haink earroo mooar dy 'leih veih'n [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as va'n Vretyn Vooar yl-chynneeagh currit er bun. Faagail magh dy row joaraghyn heear-chaggeeagh noa phaart [[Jee-choloinaghey|politickagh]] ny Bretyn Mooar shickyrit liorish [[Geyre-ghaue Huez]] ny bleeaney 1956, va sheeyney magh eddyr-ashoonagh ny [[Baarle]] çheet er cleayney beaynagh [[Lettyragh Ghoaldagh|lettyraght]] as [[Cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|cultoor]] Goaldagh. Veih ny 1960yn hooar [[cultoor yn phobbyl|cultoor phobble Ghoaldagh]] cleayney ass y çheer. Lurg keyllaghey tarmaynagh dowanagh as boirey çhynskylagh ayns ny 1970yn, va bishaghey çheetyn stiagh [[ooill Vooir Hostyn]] as lhiasaghey tarmaynagh ayns ny 1980yn. Car toshiaghys [[Margaret Thatcher]] va çhyndaa ayns troa politickagh as tarmaynagh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit; troa t'ayn derrey yn laa t'ain fo currym reiltys [[Partee yn Lught Obbyr (RU)#Partee yn Lught Obbyr Noa|Phartee yn Lught Obbyr Noa]] fo stiurey [[Tony Blair]] as [[Gordon Brown]] veih 1997. Va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit nane jeh 12 chiaddeyder [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] ec y toshiaght ayns 1992 lesh fo-screeuyn [[Conaant Vaastricht]]. Roish shen, v'eh ny oltey jeh'n çheshaght roish shen, y [[Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh]] (BTO), veih 1973. Ta ymmyrkey reiltys [[Partee yn Lught Obbyr (RU)|Phartee yn Lught Obbyr]] rish mestey stiagh lesh y çheshaght mestit,<ref name=Times>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article775115.ece |title=Modest progress but always on back foot |publisher=Times Online |date=21 Nollick 2005 |accessdaymonth=16 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |access-date=2008-11-14 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717104113/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article775115.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> lesh [[Ny Condaigee (Reeriaght Unnaneysit)|ny Condaigee]], yn [[Partee Cumaadagh (RU)|Partee Cumaadagh]], as ad shassoo er son freayltys cummaghtyn as cummeydysyn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Where_we_stand/Foreign_Affairs_and_Europe.aspx |title=Foreign Affairs and Europe |publisher=Conservative Party |accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-14 |archivedate=2008-09-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929133409/http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Where_we_stand/Foreign_Affairs_and_Europe.aspx }}</ref> Ec jerrey yn 20oo eash haghyr ceaghlaghyn mooarey ayns reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit lesh bunneeaght reiltysyn ashoonagh [[jee-veanaghey|jee-veanit]] da Nerin Hwoaie, Nalbin as Bretin ny lurg [[Refraneyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|refraneyn]] roie-slattyssagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://publius.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/28/1/217 |title=Reforging the Union: Devolution and Constitutional Change in the United Kingdom|publisher= publius.oxfordjournals.org|accessdaymonth=7 Jerrey Fouyir|acessyear=2008}}</ref> == Reiltys as politickaght == {{ardart|Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Politickaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Reihyssyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny [[reeriaght vunraghtoil]]: ta [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree Çhalse III]] ny 'er toshee er yn RU chammah as er kiare [[Ream y Cho-unnaneys|çheeraghyn]] jeig y [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]], as eh cur yn RU ayns [[unnaneys persoonagh]] lesh ny steatyn shen. Ta ny [[Croghane-Crooin|Croghaneyn-Crooin]] [[Mannin]], [[Jersee]] as [[Guernsey]] fo reealtys y Chrooin, as cha nel ad nyn gooid jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ga-reih ta cooishyn joarree as coadey fo stiurey reiltys yn RU. Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit nane jeh tree çheeraghyn y theihill lesh bunraght nagh vel currit ayns coad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.llrx.com/features/uk2.htm#UK%20Legal%20System |title=A Guide To the UK Legal System |author=Sarah Carter |publisher=[[University of Kent|University of Kent at Canterbury]] |accessdaymonth=16 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |accessdate=2008-11-14 |archivedate=2012-06-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603172102/http://www.llrx.com/features/uk2.htm#UK%20Legal%20System }}</ref> Ta [[Bunraght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] jeant seose, son y chooid smoo, jeh geillyn screeuit, goaill stiagh slattysyn, leigh caseyn briwnyssit, as conaantyn eddyr-ashoonagh. Er y fa nagh vel anchaslysyn eddyr slattysyn cadjin as "leigh bunraghtoil", foddee [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-whaiyl yn RU]] "aachroo bunraghtoil" y yannoo rere çheet [[Aght yn Ard-whaiyl|Aghtyn yn Ard-whaiyl]] ny hrooid, as myr shen ta niart echey geillyn screeuit ny neu-screeuit y vunraght dy cheaghley ny dy scryssey magh. Ansherbee, cha nel Ard-whaiylyn billaghyn goll er hrooid y yannoo as ad noi-cheaghlagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/about/how/laws/sovereignty.cfm|title=Ynnyd eggey oikoil Ard-whaiyl yn RU}}</ref> [[Coadan:Location of the BOTs.png|thumb|right|[[Thallooin har mooir Goaldagh|Thallooin har mooir]] faagit y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] Ta [[corys ard-whaiylagh]] ec y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as eh bunnit er [[corys y Vannishter Heear]], as t'eh eiyrtit mygeayrt ny Cruinney – sheckteraght yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]]. Ta daa hie – [[Quaiyl Hostyn]] reiht as [[Quaiyl ny Çhiarnyn]] teihyssagh – ayns [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] as t'ad çheet ry-cheilley ayns [[Plaase y Vannishter Heear]]. T'eh ny reiltys slattyssagh jerrinagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit er y fa nagh vel ard-whaiyl jee-veanit ayns [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey|Nalbin]] as cruinnaghtyn jee-veanit ayns [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Reiltys Chruinnaght Vretyn|Bretyn]] seyr as foddee reiltys yn RU adsyn y ghooney, faagail magh dy row ad currit er bun rere coontey theayagh ayns [[refrane]]yn. [[Coadan:Westminster palace.jpg|thumb|[[Plaase y Vannishter Heear|Thieyn yn Ard-whaiyl]]]] Ta ynnyd yn [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]], fir toshee y reiltys, bentyn da Oltey yn Ard-whaiyl quoi ec ta smaght echey er y chooid smoo ayns [[Quaiyl Hostyn]]. Dy cadjin ta'n Ard-vinishter ny 'er toshee er y phartee politickagh smoo 'sy thie. Ta'n Ard-vinishter as Lugh ny h-Airaghtyn enmyssit ec y Venrein dy chroo [[Reiltys yn Ard Ooashley]]. Ta olteynyn ny h-Airaghtyn reiht veih olteynyn partee yn Ard-vinishter ayns y daa hie slattyssagh, agh veih [[Quail Hostyn]] son y chooid smoo. Er son reihysyn da [[Quaiyl Hostyn]], ta'n RU rheynnit magh ayns [[Co-heiyderysyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|646 co-heiyderysyn]], lesh 529 jeu ayns Sostyn, 18 ayns Nerin Hwoaie, 59 ayns Nalbin as 40 ayns Bretin,<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020518024611/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/westminster.asp Westminster Parliamentary Constituencies] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 10 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> agh bee 650 co-heiyderysyn veih'n Ard-reihys s'niessey. Ta un Oltey yn Ard-whaiyl reiht ec dagh co-heiyderys rere yl-raght neuchramp. Ta ard-reihysyn eieit ec y Venrein lurg coyrle yn Ard-vinishter. Cha nel çheorey er traa yn Ard-whaiyl, agh rere [[Aght yn Ard-whaiyl 1911|Aght yn Ard-whaiyl (1911)]] shegin reihysyn noa dy ve ayn çheusthie jeh queig bleeaney veih'n reihys jerrinagh. T'ad [[Partee yn Lugh Obbyr (RU)|Partee yn Lught Obbyr]], [[Partee Cumaadagh (RU)|y Partee Cumaadagh]] as [[Partee Libraalagh Deynlagh (RU)|y Partee Libraalagh Deynlagh]] ny tree [[Rolley parteeghyn politickagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit#Parteeghyn politickagh smoo 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|parteeghyn politickagh smoo]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, as va 616 ass 646 ynnydyn cosnit ec ny tree parteeghyn shen 'sy reihys jerrinagh. Va'n chooid smoo jeh ny h-ynnydyn faagit cosnit ec parteeghyn slystagh yn RU lheid as [[Partee Ashoonagh ny h-Albey]] (Nalbin ynrican), [[Plaid Cymru]] (Bretin ynrican), as [[Partee Unnaneysagh Deynlagh]], [[Partee Soshiallagh Deynlagh y Lught Obbyr]], [[Partee Unnaneysagh Ullee]], as [[Sinn Féin]] (Nerin Hwoaie ynrican, agh ta olteynyn y phartee gleckey noi ynnydyn ayns [[Pobblaght Nerin|Nerin]] myrgeddin). Ayns freggyrtys politickaght y phartee, cha ghow oltey erbee yn phartee ynnyd ayns Quaiyl Hostyn er y fa dy shegin daue guee er y Ree ny er y Venrein.<ref>Ansherbee, ta ny queig OAyn jannoo ymmyd jeh ny h-oikyn as ny so-lhoobaghtyn elley ry gheddyn 'sy Vannishter Heear veih'n vlein 2002.{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/1771635.stm |title=Sinn Fein moves into Westminster|publisher=BBC|date=21 Jerrey Geuree, 2002|accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> === Reirey ashoonagh jee-veanit === {{ardart|Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie|Reiltys ny h-Albey|Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin}} [[Coadan:Edinburgh Scottish Parliament01 2006-04-29.jpg|thumb|220px|Ta [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey]] ny whaiyl ashoonagh ny h-Albey.]] [[Coadan:Stormont Parliamentary Building 01.JPG|thumb|220px|[[Thieyn Parlamaid (Nerin Hwoaie)|Thieyn Parlamaid]] ayns [[Stormont, Beeal Feirshtey]], ynnyd y Çhionnal]] Ta [[Kiannoortys|reiltys ny kiannoortys]] ec [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]] as [[Nerin Hwoaie]], as t'ad fo stiurey [[Kied-vinishter]], as quaiyl [[Un-hamyraghys|un-hamyragh]] [[jee-veanaghey|jee-veanit]]. Cha nel kiannoortys ny quaiyl jee-veanit ec Sostyn, y çheer smoo 'syn RU, as t'ee jeeragh fo reirey reiltys as parlamaid yn RU ayns dagh keisht. Ta'n stayd shen enmyssit myr [[Feysht Lodainn Heear]] as eh mychione y nhee dy vel OAyn veih Bretin, Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie abyl votal, dy briwnyssagh ny keayrtyn,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3432767.stm|title=Scots MPs attacked over fees vote|publisher=BBC News|date=27 Jerrey Geuree 2004|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> er nheeghyn bentyn rish Sostyn quoi ta loaghtit liorish cruinnaghtyn jee-veanit da ny co-heiyderysyn oc hene.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/talking_politics/82358.stm|title=UK Politics: Talking Politics The West Lothian Question|publisher=BBC News|date=1 Mean Souree 1998|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Ta cummaghtyn lheeadagh er dagh nhee nagh vel 'freaylt' ec Parlamaid yn RU ec [[Reiltys ny h-Albey|Reiltys]] as [[Parlamaid ny h-Albey]]. Ta ny cumaghtyn shen goaill stiagh nheeghyn lheid as [[Ynsagh ayns Nalbin|ynsagh]], [[SSA ny h-Albey|currym slaynt]], [[leigh ny h-Albey|leigh]] as [[Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin|gurneilys ynnydagh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/scotland_99/the_scottish_parliament/310036.stm|title=Scotland's Parliament - powers and structures|publisher=BBC News|date=8 Averil 1999|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Lurg barriaght [[seyrsnys ny h-Albey|partee ashoonagh ny h-Albey]], [[Partee Ashoonagh ny h-Albey]], ayns [[reihys Parlamaid ny h-Albey, 2007]], va [[reiltys 3oo Parlamaid ny h-Albey|reiltys mynlagh]] fo reirey yn PAA currit er bun fo stiurey yn 'er toshee, [[Alex Salmond]], as haink er dy ve ny [[Kied-vinishter ny h-Albey|Chied-vinishter]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/6659531.stm|title=Salmond elected as first minister|publisher=BBC News|date=16 Boaldyn 2007|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Ta cummaghtyn ny s'jeorit na t'ayns Nalbin ec [[Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin]] as [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/wales_99/the_welsh_assembly/309033.stm |title=Structure and powers of the Assembly |publisher=BBC News |date=9 Averil 1999|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> agh ny lurg çheet [[Aght Reiltys Vretin 2006]] ny hrooid, foddee yn Chruinnaght jannoo slattys er nheeghyn ennagh trooid [[Oardagh Cummeydys Slattyssagh|Oardee Cummeydys Slattyssagh]] as ad giootit er bunneydys case er chase.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2007/jul/16/wales.devolution |title=What powers does the Welsh Assembly have? |publisher=Guardian |date=16 Jerrey Souree 2007|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Va [[Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin]] roie crooit shiartanse shiaghtinyn ny yei [[reihys da Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin, 2007]], lurg traa giare reirey mynlagh. Ta'n reiltys roie ny [[Reiltys 3oo Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin|cho-chiangley]] eddyr [[Plaid Cymru]] as [[Partee Lught Obbyr Vretin|Partee yn Lught Obbyr]] as she Kied-vinishter [[Rhodri Morgan]]. Ta cummaghtyn begnagh myr ta jee-veanit ayns Nalbin ec [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie]]. Ec y traa t'ayn ta Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie fo stiurey yn Chied-vinishter [[Peter Robinson (politickeyr)|Peter Robinson]] ([[Partee Unnaneysagh Deynlagh]]) as y lhiass Chied-vinishter [[Martin McGuinness]] ([[Sinn Féin]]).<ref name="northernireland1">{{cite web|url=http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/your-government/devolved-government.htm|title=Devolved Government - Ministers and their departments|publisher=Northern Ireland Executive|accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822230925/http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/your-government/devolved-government.htm|archivedate=2007-08-22|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> === Gurneilys ynnydagh === {{ardart|Shennaghys gurneilys ynnydagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{jeeagh|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Sostyn|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Bretyn}} [[Coadan:ManchesterTownHall OwlofDoom.jpg|thumb|[[Halley Baljey Vanchuin]], ymmydit ry hoi gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Manchuin.]] Ta [[shennaghys gurneilys ynnydagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] cowrit liorish ceaghlaghyn beggey ayns reaghysyn roish yn Unnaneys derrey yn 19oo eash. Veih shen ta aafilley beayn ayns paart as obbraghey.<ref name=barlow>Barlow, I., ''Metropolitan Government'', (1991)</ref> Cha haghyr ny ceaghlaghyn ayns oash cullee ayns Bretin, Nalbin, Nerin Hwoaie as Bretin as ta jee-veanaghey cummaght harrish gurneilys ynnydagh gys Bretin, Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie keayllaghey nagh vel ceaghlaghyn ry-heet ayns oash cullee. Ta reagheydys [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Sostyn]] co-chast, lesh livrey-ys obbraghey anchasley rere reaghysyn ynnydagh. Ta slattyssyn kianglt lesh gurneilys ynnydagh ayns [[Sostyn]] reaghit liorish parlamaid yn RU as [[Reiltys yn Ard Ooashley|reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]], er y fa nagh vel parlamaid jee-veanit ec Sostyn. Ta'd ny [[Aarheynnyn Hostyn|h-aarheynnyn ayns Sostyn]] na ny nuy [[Ardjyn Hostyn|ardjyn oik y Reiltys]] ny ardjyn oik reiltys yn Unnaneys Oarpagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gos.gov.uk/national/|publisher=gos.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=31 Jerrey Souree|accessyear=2008|title=Welcome to the national site of the Government Office Network}}</ref> Ta cruinnaght as meoir jeeragh-reiht veih'n vlein 2000 ec un ard ny çheerey, [[Lught-reill Lunnin Vooar]] ny yei bhut er son y treealtys ayns refrane 'sy vlein 1998.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/london-life/city-government/history.jsp|title=A short history of London government|publisher=www.london.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=4 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20100107035814/http://www.london.gov.uk/london-life/city-government/history.jsp|archivedate=2010-01-07|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> V'eh kiarit dy vel cruinnaghtyn ardjynagh ennagh ec ny h-ardjyn elley, agh va'n eie shen jiooldit ny yei refrane ayns [[Shiar Hwoaie Hostyn]] 'sy vlein 2004.<ref>"The Government is now expected to tear up its twelve-year-old plan to create eight or nine regional assemblies in England to mirror devolution in Scotland and Wales."{{cite web|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article503255.ece|title=Prescott's dream in tatters as North East rejects assembly|accessdaymonth=15 Toshiaght Arree|accessyear=2008|publisher=The Times|access-date=2008-11-15|archive-date=2010-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525121618/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article503255.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> Heese veih'n leval ardjynagh, ta Lunnin jeant seose jeh 32 [[Balley corpagh Lunnin|valley corpagh]] as ta'n chooid elley dy Hostyn jeant seose jeh [[coondaeghyn moirvaljagh as neu-voirvaljagh Hostyn|coonseilyn coontae]] as coonseilyn ardjynagh ny [[lught-reill unnaneagh]]. Ta ny cooinseilee reiht ayns wardysyn un-oltey as wardysyn yl-oltey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/39780|title=Local Authority Elections|publisher=Local Government Association|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20081027151017/http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/39780|archivedate=2008-10-27|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie]], veih'n vlein 1973, reaghit ayns 26 coonseilyn ardjynagh, as ad reiht liorish [[un-vote yn-astreeaghey]] lesh cummaghtyn ta jeorit da shirvishyn lheid as çhaglym smooirlagh, stiuree moddee, as meansalaght pairkyn as ruillickyn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4449092.stm|title=NI local government set for shake-up|publisher=BBC|date=18 Sauin 2005|accessdaymonth=15 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Er 13 Mart 2008, ansherbee, va'n kiannoortys ayns coardailys rish treealtysyn un choonseil jeig y chroo as ad y chur ayns ynnyd y chorys roie<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/news/news-doe/news-doe-130308-foster-announces-the.htm|title=''Foster announces the future shape of local government''|publisher=NI Executive|accessdaymonth=20 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-07-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725002254/http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/news/news-doe/news-doe-130308-foster-announces-the.htm}}</ref> as bee ny reihysyn s'niessey shlearit gys 2011 dy chooney lesh y çhyndaa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nio.gov.uk/local-government-elections-to-be-aligned-with-review-of-public-administration/media-detail.htm?newsID=15153|title=Local Government elections to be aligned with review of public administration|publisher=www.nio.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=2 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2013-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217174725/http://www.nio.gov.uk/local-government-elections-to-be-aligned-with-review-of-public-administration/media-detail.htm?newsID=15153}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin]] rheynnit er bunneydys [[Aarheynnyn ny h-Albey|32 ard conseilagh]] lesh anchaslysyn mooarey ayns mooadys as earroo yn phobble. Ta ard-valjyn [[Glaschu]], [[Doon Edin]], [[Aberdon]] as [[Dùn Dèagh]] nyn ardjyn coonseilagh lhieu hene chammah as [[Politickaght Cooinseil ny Gaeltaght|Cooinseil ny Gaeltaght]] as goaill stiagh un trass eaghtyr ny h-Albey agh lesh 200,000&nbsp;cummaltee. Ta'n cummaght currymit ayns ny lughtyn-reill ynnydagh fo stiurey coonseilee reiht, as ta 1,222<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.psa.ac.uk/2007/pps/Bennie.pdf|title=STV in Scotland:Local Government Elections 2007|publisher=Political Studies Association|accessdaymonth=2 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2011-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310194256/http://www.psa.ac.uk/2007/pps/Bennie.pdf}}</ref> jeu ec y traa t'ayn. T'ad geddyn çheet stiagh paart-emshiragh. Ta ny reihysyn gurneilit liorish [[un-vote yn-astreeaghey]] ayns wardysyn yl-olteynagh as ad reih tree ny kiare coonseilee. Ta Smaghteyr ny Symneyder reiht dy stiurey cruinnaghtyn. Ta ny coonseilee biallagh da coad aghtey as eh currit ayns bree liorish [[Commishoon Stundayrtyn ny h-Albey]].<ref>Ethical Standards in Public Life framework: {{cite web |title=Ethical Standards in Public Life |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/local-government/ethical-standards |publisher=The Scottish Government |accessdate=2008-10-03 |archivedate=2014-12-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211075152/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/local-government/ethical-standards }}</ref> She [[Co-chruinnaght Lughtyn-reill Ynnydagh ny h-Albey]] (CLYA) sheshaght reihdagh coonseilyn ynnydagh ny h-Albey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cosla.gov.uk/index.asp?leftId=10001D0EF-10766726|title=About COSLA|publisher=cosla.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921104646/http://www.cosla.gov.uk/index.asp?leftId=10001D0EF-10766726}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Bretin]] jeant seose jeh 22 choonseil unnaneagh, goaill stiagh ard-valjyn [[Cayr Deeth]], [[Abertawe]] as [[Casnewydd]], as ad nyn goonseilyn ynnydagh lheu hene.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/localgovernment/localauthorities/?lang=en|title=Local Authorities in Wales|publisher=new.wales.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=31 Jerrey Souree|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2014-05-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530004428/http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/localgovernment/localauthorities/?lang=en}}</ref> Ta reihysyn ayn dagh kiare bleeaney liorish [[voteyn singil neu-astreeaghey]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aboutmyvote.co.uk/how_do_i_vote/voting_systems/local_government_elections_i-3.aspx|title=How do I vote?|publisher=www.aboutmyvote.co.uk|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-10-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019215436/http://www.aboutmyvote.co.uk/how_do_i_vote/voting_systems/local_government_elections_i-3.aspx}}</ref> Va ny reihysyn jerrinagh ayns Mee Voaldyn ny bleeaney 2008. Ta [[Sheshaght Gurneilys Ynnydagh Vretin]] soiaghey magh parteeasyn ny coonseilyn ynnydagh ayns Bretin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wlga.gov.uk/|title=Welsh Local Government Association|publisher=Welsh Local Government Association|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|access-date=2008-11-15|archive-date=2008-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081111154039/http://www.wlga.gov.uk/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Çheer-oaylleeaght == {{ardart|Çheer-oaylleeaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Speyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:uk topo en.jpg|thumb|Boayloaylleeaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit mygeayrt 245,000 kilometeryn kerrinagh (94,600 mi ker) er eaghtyr slane as eshyn jeant seose jeh ellan ny Bretyn Mooar, çheu hiar hwoaie ellan Nerin (Nerin Hwoaie) as ellanyn beggey elley.<ref name=factbook/> T'eh soit eddyr [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]] as [[Mooir Hostyn]], as eh 35 kilometeryn magh veih slyst hwoaie ny Frank ec boayl unnaneagh. Eddyr y daa heer ta [[Mooir yn Eeaght]].<ref name=factbook/> Ta'n Vretyn Vooar soit ayns dowan-lheeadyn eddyr 49° as 59° Hwoaie (ta Shetlynn sheeyney magh da 61° Hwoaie), as ayns dowan-liuridyn eddyr 8° Heear gys 2° Hiar. She boayl meenaghey y [[Preeu-linney Vunlaa|Phreeu-linney Vunlaa]] Thie Rollageydys Reeoil Ghreenwich, faggys da Lunnin. Ta'n Vretyn Vooar beggan ny smoo na 1,100 km (700 mi) er liurid as begnagh 500 km (300 mi) er lheead ayns y boayl s'lhea, agh she 1,350 km (840 mi) yn 'oddeeaght s'liurey eddyr daa voayl as ee ny foddeeaght eddyr [[Penn an Wlas]] 'sy [[Yn Chorn|Chorn]] as [[Thie Yuan Ghroat]] ayns [[Gallaibh]] ny h-Albey. Ta'n joarey thallooin eddyr Nerin Hwoaie as [[Pobblaght Nerin]] 360 kilometeryn (224 mi) er liurid.<ref name=factbook/> Ta [[speyr]] tempreilagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, lesh palçhid dy 'liaghee car ny bleeaney.<ref name=factbook/> Ta'n çhiassid arraghey rish ny raiee, agh t'eh neuchadjin çhiassidyn ny sloo na -10&nbsp;°C (14.0&nbsp;°F) ny ny smoo na 35&nbsp;°C (95&nbsp;°F) dy gheddyn. Ta ny geayaghyn baardee çheet veih'n sheear yiass, as ad cur emshyr fliugh as bog lheu veih'n Cheayn Sheear.<ref name=factbook/> Ta ny ronnaghyn hiar ny smoo fasteeagh veih'n gheay shoh, as myr shen t'ad nyn muill smoo çhirrym. Ta ny strooghyn Atlantagh, as adsyn çhiowit liorish [[Stroo yn Eearvooir]], cur lheu geuraghyn boggey, ayns y çheu heear er lheh, raad dy vel ny geuraghyn fliughey, er thalloo ard er lheh. Ta ny souraghyn ny s'çhoe ayns shiar yiass Hostyn, as y boayl shen ny s'faggys da'n vooarheer Oarpagh, as ny s'feayrey ayns y twoaie. Ta'n ceau niaghtee jantagh 'sy gheurey as ayns arragh gheuree. Ta lieh chooid eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit jeant seose jeh [[Sostyn]], as ee 130,410 kilometeryn kerrinagh (50,350 mi ker) er eaghtyr. Çheer injil t'aynjee son y chooid smoo agh ta çheer sleitagh ry gheddyn sheear hwoaie jeh [[linney Tees-Exe]] as goaill stiagh [[Sleityn Cumbria]] ayns Slyst ny Loghyn, [[Sleityn Pennine]] as cruink chlagh eayil ayns [[Slyst ny Binn]], [[Exmoor]] as [[Dartmoor]]. She [[Yn Thaimish|y Thaimish]], [[yn Severn|y Severn]] as [[Yn Humber|y Humber]] preeu-awinyn as inveryn Hostyn. She [[Scafell Pike]] (978 m er yrjid), as eh soit ayns [[Slyst ny Loghyn]], y slieau s'yrjey. Ta ram baljyn as ard-valjyn mooarey ayns Sostyn as, rere [[Cryssyn Baljagh Mooarey]], ta shey jeh ny 50 Cryssyn smoo yn Unnaneys Oarpagh soit aynjee. [[Coadan:BenNevis2005.jpg|thumb|She [[Beinn Nivish]], ayns [[Sleityn Grampiagh]] ny h-Albey, yn slieau s'yrjey ayns [[ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh]].]] Trass eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit t'ayns [[Nalbin]] as ee 78,772 kilometeryn kerrinagh (30,410 mi ker) er eaghtyr<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/index.html |title=Scotland Facts |publisher=www.scotland.org |accessedaymonth=16 Jerrey Souree |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-16 |archivedate=2008-06-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621045248/http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/index.html }}</ref> as t'ee goaill stiagh begnagh 800 ellanyn, çheu heear as hwoaie jeh'n vooarheer son y chooid smoo, [[ny h-Ellanyn Heear]], [[yn Orkaid]] as [[Shetlynn]] er lheh. Ta boayloaylleeaght ny h-Albey cowrit liorish [[Scoltey Joaree ny Gaeltaght]] - scoltey creggey creg-oaylleeagh – ta goll harrish mooarheer ny h-Albey veih [[Balley Eaylee]] gys [[Cala na Creige]]. Ta'n linney scoltey rheynn magh daa ard anchasley; [[yn Ghaeltaght]] ayns y twoaie as y sheear as [[Goaltaght ny h-Albey|y Ghoaltaght]] ayns y jiass as y shiar. Ta'n Ghaeltaght chregganagh goaill stiagh y chooid smoo jeh çheer sleitagh ny h-Albey, goaill stiagh slieau s'yrjey [[ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh]] [[Beinn Nivish]] as ee 1,343 m (4,406 tr) er yrjid.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bennevisweather.co.uk/index.asp |title=Ben Nevis Weather |publisher=www.bennevisweather.co.uk |accessedaymonth=26 Jerrey Fouyir |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-16 |archivedate=2018-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924202417/http://www.bennevisweather.co.uk/index.asp }}</ref> Ta'n Ghoaltaght, y chryss cheyll eddyr [[Keyllys y Chleayee]] as [[Linne Foirthe]] enmyssit myr "y Chryss Veanagh", ny s'inshley as ny s'rea as ta'n chooid smoo dy 'leih nyn gummal ayn goaill stiagh [[Glaschu]], yn ard-valley smoo ayns Nalbin, as [[Doon Edin]], preeu-valley as ynnyd politickagh ny h-Albey. Cha nel [[Bretin]] agh 20,758 kilometeryn kerrinagh (8,010 mi ker) er eaghtyr, ny jeihoo eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Çheer sleitagh t'aynjee son y chooid smoo, agh cha nel Bretin Jiass cho sleitagh na myr t'ayns y twoaie. Ta ny preeu-ardjyn çhynskylagh as y chooid smoo dy chummaltee ayns jiass Vretin, as ee goaill stiagh baljyn slystagh lheid as [[Cayr Deeth]] (preeu-valley as ynnyd politickagh as tarmaynagh), [[Abertawe]], [[Casnewydd]] as [[Glionyn Vretin Yiass]]. Ta ny sleityn s'yrjey ayns Bretin ayns [[Eryri]] (Baarle: ''Snowdonia'') as t'ad goaill stiagh [[yr Wyddfa]] as eh 1,085 m er yrjid – y slieau s'yrjey ayns Bretin. Ta ny smoo na 1,200 km (750 mi) oirr ny marrey ec Bretin. Ta shiartanse ellanyn magh ass mooarheer Vretin, as t'eh [[Moan]] (Bretnish: ''Ynys Môn'', Baarle: ''Anglesey'') yn ellan smoo as eh soit sheear hwoaie veih'n çheer. Çheer sleityn beggey t'ayns [[Nerin Hwoaie]] as ee 14,160 kilometeryn kerrinagh (5,470 mi ker) er eaghtyr. Ta [[Logh Nay]], as eh 388 kilometeryn kerrinagh, ny logh smoo ayns ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ni/geog.htm |title=Geography of Northern Ireland |publisher=University of Ulster |accessdaymonth=22 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |access-date=2008-11-16 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118133131/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ni/geog.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> She [[Slieau Dónairt]] (849 m) y slieau s'yrjey 'sy çheer. === Ard-valjyn as covaljyssyn === {{ardart|Rolley ny baljyn smoo rere earroo yn phobble 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Rolley covaljyssyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} T'ad preeu-valjyn ny çheeraghyn ennagh 'syn RU na: Beeal Feirshtey (Nerin Hwoaie), Cayr Deeth (Bretin), Doon Edin (Nalbin) as Lunnin (Sostyn); ta Lunnin ny phreeu-valley er y çheer slane.<ref name=factbook/> {{Baljyn smoo y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} T'ad ny covaljyssyn smoo na: * [[Slyst Baljagh Lunnin Mooar]] – 8.5&nbsp;millioon; * [[Covaljys West Midlands]] – 2.3&nbsp;millioon; * [[Slyst Baljagh Vanchuin Mooar]] – 2.2&nbsp;millioon; * [[Slyst Baljagh West Yorkshire]] – 1.5&nbsp;millioon; * [[Glaschu Mooar]] – 1.2&nbsp;millioon. == Sleih == Ta coontey-pobble ayns dagh çheer yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit dagh jeih bleeaney.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/census_geog.asp|title=Census Geography|publisher=www.statistics.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=10 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020607155455/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/census_geog.asp|archivedate=2002-06-07}}</ref> Ta [[Oik ry hoi Staydraa Ashoonagh]] freggyrtagh er son çhaglym fysseree ayns Sostyn as Bretin, as ta [[Offish Chadjin Recortyssyn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh er son Nalbin as [[Jantys Staydraa as Ronsee Nerin Hwoaie]] er son Nerin Hwoaie.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/about/surveys/census/index.html|title=Census|publisher=www.ons.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=11 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201132440/http://www.ons.gov.uk/about/surveys/census/index.html|archivedate=2008-12-01|accessdate=2008-11-17}}</ref> === Earroo yn phobble === Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va 58,789,194 cummaltee 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, y treeoo çheer smoo 'syn [[Yn Unnaneys Oarpagh|Unnaneys Oarpagh]], y wheigoo çheer smoo 'sy [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as y chied çheer as feed smoo er y theihll. Ec lieh vlein 2007, v'eh er credjal dy row 60,975,000 cummaltee 'sy çheer.<ref name="Population2007">{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=6|title=Population estimates: UK population grows to 60,975,000|date=21 August 2008|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20021202165044/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=6|archivedate=2 December 2002}}</ref> Ta'n inymmyrkey, yn [[Rolley çheeraghyn as thallooyn rere leahys troaraght|leahys ruggyryn]] as jerkallys-vea ny share cur lesh bishaghey roie earroo yn phobble.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2006/aug/25/immigrationasylumandrefugees.asylum |title=Rising birth rate, longevity and migrants push population to more than 60&nbsp;million |publisher=The Guardian |date=25 Luanistyn 2006|accessdaymonth = 25 Luanistyn|accessyear=2006}}</ref> Hug staydraa shen er fys dooin, son y chied cheayrt, dy row ny smoo penshyneyryn na paitçhyn ny s'aa na 16 bleeaney d'eash.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/22/population.socialtrends|title=Ageing Britain: Pensioners outnumber under-16s for first time|last=Travis|first=Alan|date=22 Luanistyn 2008|work=The Guardian|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Rere staydraa ny bleeaney 2007, v'eh er credjal dy row 51.1 millioonyn dy chummaltee ayns Sostyn.<ref name="natpop">{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/popest0808.pdf|title=Population estimates: UK population approaches 61 million in 2007|date=21 Luanistyn 2007|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth=28 Luanistyn|accessyear= 2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080821110543/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/popest0808.pdf|archivedate=2008-08-21}}</ref> T'ee nane jeh ny çheeraghyn smoo clannit er feie ny cruinney lesh 383&nbsp;cummaltee ayns dagh kilometer kerrinagh ayns 2003,<ref name=2003density>{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=760|title=Population: UK population grows to 59.6 million|date=28 Jerrey Geuree 2005|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth = 20 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> lesh co-ghlooaghey er lheh ayns Lunnin as y shiar yiass. Ta oolaghyn ny bleeaney 2007 cur sleih-earroo ny h-Albey ec 5.1 millioon dy chummaltee, Vretin ec 3 millioonyn as Nerin Hwoaie ec 1.8 millioonyn<ref name=natpop/> lesh glooaghtyn foddey ny sloo na Sostyn. Cosoylit rish glooaght pobble Hostyn (383 cummaltee/km²) t'ad shoh ny h-earrooyn co-reggyrtagh: Bretin (142 cummaltee/km²), Nerin Hwoaie (125 cummaltee/km²) as Nalbin (65 cummaltee/km²).<ref name=2003density/> 'Sy vlein 2007, v'eh mean-[[leahys slane troaraght]] (LST) harrish y Reeriaght Unnaneysit na 1.90 paitçhyn da dagh ben.<ref name=Fertility2007>{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?ID=951|title=Fertility: Rise in UK fertility continues|publisher=Office for National Statistics|date=21 Luanistyn 2008|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> V'eh oolit 'sy vlein 2008 dy daase troaraght yn RU gys 1.91 paitçhyn ny ben.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/22/population.immigrationandpublicservices |title=UK population has increased to almost 61m|publisher=The Guardian |author=Alan Travis, home affairs editor |accessdaymonth=15 Jerey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Choud's ta'n leahys troaraght ta gaase cur lesh bishaghey earroo yn phobble, t'eh foddey ny sloo na binn "visheydys ny lhiennoo" ec 2.95 ayns 1964,<ref name=Fertility2007/> ny sloo na leahys son cur er ash (2.1), agh t'eh ny smoo na'n earroo ayns 2001 (1.63 – yn earroo s'loo).<ref name=Fertility2007/> She 1.92 as 1.90 ny leahysyn troaraght ayns Sostyn as Bretin, 1.73 ayns Nalbin, as 2.02 ayns Nerin Hwoaie.<ref name=Fertility2007/> Ta leahys ruggyryn ny s'yrjey mastey mraane joarree-ruggit na mraane Goaldagh, agh ta'n leahys gaase mastey mraane Goaldagh ynrican.<ref name=Fertility2007/> === Arraghey === Ta kiart ec seyranee [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] cummal as obbraghey 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit<ref>[http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l33152.htm Right of Union citizens and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States] europa.eu, feddynit er 6 Sauin 2008</ref> agh ta oardee shallidagh currit ayns bree lesh [[Yn Romaain|Romaainee]] as [[Yn Vulgeyr|Bulgeyree]], çheeraghyn v'er heet stiagh ayns yn UO ayns Jerrey Geuree ny bleeaney 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2007/sep/23/immigration.eu|title=Home Office shuts the door on Bulgaria and Romania|last=Doward|first=Jamie|coauthors=Temko, Ned|date=2007-09-23|work=The Observer|page=2|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> Cosoylit rish çheeraghyn Oarpagh elley, ta'n inymmyrkey cur lesh bishaghey earroo yn phobble<ref>[http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23542455-details/Immigration+and+births+to+non-British+mothers+pushes+British+population+to+record+high/article.do Immigration and births to non-British mothers pushes British population to record high], This is London, 22 Luanistyn 2008</ref> as eh freggyrtagh er son lieh y visheydys ayns ny bleeantyn eddyr 1991 as 2001. Va nane ass shey jeh ny sthie-arree ass [[yn Oarpey Hiar]], lesh y chooid vooar çheet ass çheeraghyn y [[Co-unnaneys Noa|Cho-unnaneys Noa]].<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1569400/Emigration-soars-as-Britons-desert-the-UK.html |title=Emigration soars as Britons desert the UK}} </ref> Ta earrooyn oikoil taishbyney dy haink 2.3 millioonyn arree gleney<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1023512/Third-World-migrants-2-3m-population-boom.html Third World migrants behind our 2.3m population boom], Daily Mail, 3 Mean Souree, 2008</ref> gys yn RU veih'n vlein 1997,<ref>[http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23575160-details/Tories+get+tough+on+immigration+after+Labour's+U-turn/article.do Tories call for tougher control of immigration], This is London, 20 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as va 84% jeu ass çheeraghyn çheumooie jeh'n Oarpey,<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/labour/3230463/Immigration-Phil-Woolas-admits-Labour-responsible-for-string-of-failures.html Immigration: Phil Woolas admits Labour responsible for string of failures], Telegraph, 21 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as ta 7 millioonyn ny smoo jeu jerkit roish ny bleeaney 2031.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7602526.stm Minister rejects migrant cap plan], BBC News, 8 Mean Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ta ny h-earrooyn by yerree (2006) taishbyney inymmyrkey glen gys yn RU fo 191,000, ny smoo na'n 185,000 'sy vlein 2005.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-494235/Half-million-migrants-pour-Britain-year-200-000-leave.html |title=Half a million migrants pour into Britain in a year}} </ref><ref name=ONS> {{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=1311 |title=International migration: Net inflow rose in 2004 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=15 Nollick 2005 |accessdaymonth = 22 November|accessyear=2006}} </ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=260&Pos=2&ColRank=2&Rank=224 |title=International migration 2005: Net inflow 185,000 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=2006-11-02 |accessdate=2006-11-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705200424/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=260&Pos=2&ColRank=2&Rank=224 |archivedate=2007-07-05 }}</ref> Ansherbee, rere yn arraghey magh, ta ny smoo na 5.5&nbsp;millioonyn Goaldee nyn gummal ass y çheer,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ippr.org/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509 |title=Brits Abroad: Mapping the scale and nature of British emigration |author=Dhananjayan Sriskandarajah and Catherine Drew |publisher=Institute for Public Policy Research |date=2006-12-11 |accessdate=2007-01-20 |archivedate=2007-08-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070828011816/http://www.ippr.org/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/default.stm |title=Brits Abroad |publisher=BBC News |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6210358.stm |title=5.5&nbsp;m Britons 'opt to live abroad' |publisher=BBC|date=2006-12-11 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> as t'ad ny king jurnaa ennoil na'n [[Yn Austrail|Austrail]], [[y Spaainey]], [[y Rank]], [[Yn Teelynn Noa|y Teelynn Noa]] as [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aol.in/news/story/2007042004189012000001/index.html|title=Indians largest group among new immigrants to UK}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/jul/26/spain.gilestremlett |title=Spain attracts record levels of immigrants seeking jobs and sun |publisher=The Guardian |date=2006-07-26 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> Ansherbee, ta studeyrys liorish faaishneyder yn ard-valley soilshaghey magh nagh vel earrooyn yn inymmyrkey shoh heose barrantoil as va mygeayrt 400,000 sthie-arree gleney 'sy vlein 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1538598/Immigration-%27far-higher%27-than-figures-say.html |title=Immigration 'far higher' than figures say |publisher=The Telegraph |date=2007-01-05 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> Ta coreir 'ir quaagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit beggan ny sloo na t'ayns çheeraghyn Oarpagh ennagh elley, ansherbee.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?id=402 |title=Europe: Population and Migration in 2005 |author=Rainer Muenz |publisher=Migration Policy Institute |date=Mean Souree 2006 |accessdate = 2007-04-02}}</ref> Bee yn inymmyrkey daa cheayrt ny smoo harrish y daa yeihaght ry heet gys 9.1 millioonyn, er coontey veih 31 Jerrey Geuree ny bleeaney 2008.<ref name=immigrants> {{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1577120/Britain-to-have-'9.1m-immigrants-by-2030'.html|title=Britain to have '9.1&nbsp;m immigrants by 2030'|publisher=Daily Telegraph}}</ref> === Possanyn kynneeagh === {{ardart|Possanyn kynneeagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta pobble roie yn RU ny sluight jeh kynneeyn fuilleeaght anchasley, [[roie-Celtiee]], [[Celtiee]], [[Seyraanaght Romanagh|Romanee]], [[Anglo-Hostnee]] as [[Normanee]] son y chooid smoo. She sheckteraght kianglaghyn va crooit liorish yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]] inymmyrkey soogh veih'n [[Yn Affrick|Affrick]], [[Ny Çheeraghyn Caribagh|y Charib]] as [[yn Aishey Yiass]] veih'n vlein 1945. Veih'n vlein 2004 haink mooarane dy 'leih veih'n [[Yn Oarpey Veanagh|Oarpey Veanagh]] as [[yn Oarpey Hiar]], agh, ays 2008, ta'n troa goll ergooyl as ta ram jeh ny sthie-arree shoh goll er ash dy valley, as adsyn faagail mooadys ny kynneeyn shen gyn fys.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7374683.stm 'Why I left UK to return to Poland'], BBC News</ref> Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va 92.1% sleih-earroo ny çheerey nyn vir baney as 7.9%<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=764&Pos=4&ColRank=1&Rank=176 |title=Ethnicity: 7.9% from a non-White ethnic group |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=2004-06-24 |accessdate = 2007-04-02|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090909132851/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=764&Pos=4&ColRank=1&Rank=176|archivedate=2009-09-09}}</ref> cur enney orroo hene myr fir mestit ny jeh mynlagh kynneeagh. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right; font-size:100%;" |- !width="200px"| [[Possan kynneeagh]] !! [[Earroo yn phobble]] !! % y clane* |- | align = "left"| Kynneeyn baney || 54,153,898 || 92.1%</tr> | align = "left"| Kynneeyn gorryn || 1,148,738 || 2.0%</tr> | align = "left"| Injinee || 1,053,411 || 1.8%</tr> | align = "left"| Pakistaanee || 747,285 || 1.3%</tr> | align = "left"| Kynneeyn mestit || 677,117 || 1.2%</tr> | align = "left"| Bengaalee || 283,063 || 0.5%</tr> | align = "left"| Aishanee elley (neu-Heenee) || 247,644 || 0.4%</tr> | align = "left"| Sheenee || 247,403 || 0.4%</tr> | align = "left"| Elley || 230,615 || 0.4%</tr> |- |colspan="3" align="left"| {{smaller|* % sleih-earroo yn RU}} |} Ta'n neuchaslid kynneeagh anchasley harrish yn RU. Ayns Mean Souree ny bleeaney 2005, rere oolaghyn she possanyn kynneeagh neu-vaney 30.4% sleih-earroo Lunnin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do;jsessionid=ac1f930dce6eace0153cf12440ca609dc762c8ae598.e38OaNuRbNuSbi0Ma3aNaxiQbNiLe6fznA5Pp7ftolbGmkTy?a=3&b=276743&c=London&d=13&e=13&g=325264&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1201351285750&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812&bhcp=1|title=Resident population estimates by ethnic group (percentages): London|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate = 2008-04-23}}</ref> as 37.4% sleih-earroo [[Leicester]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276827&c=Leicester&d=13&e=13&g=394575&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1208962134759&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812|title=Resident population estimates by ethnic group (percentages): Leicester|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=2008-04-23|archivedate=2019-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418200442/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3}}</ref>, raad nagh vel agh 5% sleih-earrooyn [[Shiar Hwoaie Hostyn|Hiar Hwoaie Hostyn]], Vretin as [[Sheear Yiass Hostyn|Heear Yiass Hostyn]] jeh mynlee kynneeagh rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/commentaries/ethnicity.asp|title=Census 2001 - Ethnicity and religion in England and Wales|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate = 2008-04-23}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 2007, va 22% scollagyn ny [[bun-scoill]]yn as 17.7% scollagyn ny [[mean-scoill]]yn ayns [[Scoill y steat|scoillyn pohlldit]] [[Sostyn|Hostyn]] jeh sluight kynneeagh mynlagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/SFR/s000744/UPDATEDSFR30_2007.pdf |title=Schools and Pupils in England|date=January 2007|format=PDF |accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1564365/One-fifth-of-children-from-ethnic-minorities.html |title=One fifth of children from ethnic minorities |publisher=The Daily Telegraph |author=Graeme Paton |date=2007-10-01 |accessdate = 2008-03-28}}</ref> === Çhengaghyn === {{ardart|Çhengaghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Anglospeak (subnational version).svg|thumb|Çheeraghyn as y [[Baarle|Vaarle]] loayrit ayndaue myr çhengey oikoil ''de facto'' ny ''de jure''.]] Cha nel çhengey oikoil ''[[de facto|de jure]]'' 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit agh she [[Baarle]], [[Çhengaghyn Germaanagh|çhengey Ghermaanagh]], preeu-çhengey ny çheerey. Myr eiyrtys yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh son y chooid smoo, ren y çhengey skeaylley tessen y dowan, as haink urree dy ve çhengey eddyr-ashoonagh dellal chammah as çhengey ynsit smoo lheeadagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cepr.org/pubs/new-dps/dplist.asp?dpno=2055 |title=English-Language Dominance, Literature and Welfare |author=Jacques Melitz |publisher=Centre for Economic Policy Research |date=1999 |accessdate=2006-05-26 |archivedate=2012-05-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512123906/http://www.cepr.org/pubs/new-dps/dplist.asp?dpno=2055 }}</ref> Ta'n [[Baarle Albinagh|Vaarle Albinagh]], çhengey ta çheet magh ass [[Mean-Vaarle|Mean-Vaarle Hwoaie]], er enney ec y leval Oarpagh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurolang.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2449&Itemid=52&lang=en |title=Eurolang - Language Data - Scots |publisher=Eurolang.net |date= |accessdate=2008-11-02}}</ref> as cha nel ee ny h-abbyrt jeh'n Vaarle. Ta kiare [[çhengaghyn Celtiagh]] ymmydit 'syn RU: [[Bretnish]], [[Cornish]], [[Gaelg Albinagh]] as [[Yernish]]. 'Sy vlein 2001 dooyrt 21% sleih-earroo Vretin dy row ad abyl loayrt trooid Bretnish,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070312085119/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=447&Pos=6&ColRank=1&Rank=192 National Statistics Online] at www.statistics.gov.uk</ref> earroo ta ny smoo na'n 18% ayns Coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 1991.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fow/WelshLanguage.pdf|title=Differences in estimates of Welsh Language Skills|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20040722055520/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fow/WelshLanguage.pdf|archivedate=2004-07-22}}</ref> Chammah as shen, t'eh oolit dy vel 200,000 loayreyderyn ny Bretnish nyn gummal ayns Sostyn.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/multilingual/welsh.shtml Welsh today by Prof. Peter Wynn Thomas]bbc.co.uk</ref> Va ablid ennagh ny Gaelg Albinagh ec 92,000 cummaltee ny h-Albey (ny begnagh 2% sleih-earroo ny h-Albey), goaill stiagh 72% dy chummaltee ayns [[ny h-Ellanyn Heear]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130522110328/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/press/news2005/scotlands-census-2001-gaelic-report.html Scotland's Census 2001 - Gaelic Report] gro-scotland.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 15 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> Ta'n Vretnish as y Ghaelg Albinagh loayrit mygeayrt ny cruinney lesh beggan [[Gaelg Chanadagh|Ghaelg]] foast ry-gheddyn ayns [[Nalbin Noa]], [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]], as y Vretnish ayns [[Patagonia]] ny [[Yn Argenteen|h-Argenteen]]. Harrish y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, dy chadjin t'eh eginagh da scollagyn studeyrys y yannoo er nah çhengey: gys 14 bleeaney d'eash ayns Sosyn,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/3983713.stm Fall in compulsory language lessons] BNC News 4 Sauin, 2004</ref> as gys 16 bleeaney d'eash ayns Nalbin. T'ad [[Frangish]] as [[Germaanish]] ny nah çhengaghyn smoo ynsit ayns Sostyn as Nalbin. Ayns Bretin ta lesoonyn gys 16 bleeaney d'eash ynsit trooid Bretnish ny ta'n Vretnish ynsit myr nah çhengey.<ref>[https://archive.is/20120530050454/www.bbc.co.uk/wales/schoolgate/aboutschool/content/inwelsh.shtml The School Gate for parents in Wales] BBC Wales, feddynit magh er 11 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> === Craueeaght === {{ardart|Craueeaght 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta tradishoonyn foddey ny [[Creestiaght]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit as ayns ny çheeraghyn er gholl roish crooaght yn RU as ta kiangley eddyr yn agglish as y steat foast ayn. Ta ronsee coyrlaghey dy vel credjue ayns [[Jee]] ec 38% sleih-earroo ny çheerey as dy vel 40% ny smoo credjal ayns "spyrryd ny bea-lajerys".<ref name=Eurobarometer>{{PDFlink|[http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf Eurobarometer poll conducted in 2005]|1.64&nbsp;MB}}. Page 9. European Commission. Feddynit er 7 Nollick 2006</ref> Ta'n pobble cur adsyn hene er enney lesh [[craueeaght]] er son cooishyn cultooragh as crauee as t'eh aahoilshit ayns meereggyraght eddyr earrooyn sleih as ad fockley magh credjue ayns Jee as sleih as ad cur adsyn hene er enney lesh craueeaght unnaneagh. Ta'n [[Creestiaght|Chreestiaght]] ny preeu-chraueeaght: er Creearey [[Tearfund]] ny bleeaney 2007<ref name=Tearfund_Survey>{{cite web |url=http://www.tearfund.org/webdocs/Website/News/Final%20churchgoing%20report.pdf |title=Tearfund Survey 2007 |accessdate=2007-05-05 |archivedate=2007-06-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614005402/http://www.tearfund.org/webdocs/Website/News/Final%20churchgoing%20report.pdf }}</ref> dooyrt 53% dy reggyrtee dy row ad nyn Greestee as ny h-earrooyn shen cosoylit rish creearey British Social Attitudes Survey ny bleeaney 2004,<ref name=BSAS2004>{{Cite web |publication-date = 2006-02-20 |year = 2004 |title = British Social Attitudes Survey |publisher = National Centre for Social Research |url = http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/findingData/snDescription.asp?sn=5329 |accessdate = 2008-02-25 }}</ref> as rish Coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001 as eh gra dy vel 71.6% sleih-earroo ny çheerey nyn Greestee,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=293 |title=UK Census 2001 |accessdate=2007-04-22}}</ref> (faagail magh dy vel y feysht 'sy Choontey-pobble ny s'boggey). Ny yei'n Chreestiaght ta'n Islam, y Hindooghys, y Seeckaghys as yn Ewaghys rere earroo eiyrtyssee. ==== Creestiaght ==== [[Coadan:Westminster abbey west.jpg|thumb|upright|Ta [[Abban ny Mannishter Heear]] ymmydit da [[crooinaghey]] [[Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Reeaghyn as Benreinyn Goaldagh]], nar t'ad jeant fir ny mraane toshee er [[Agglish Hostyn]].]] Ta [[Agglish Hostyn]], quoi va scarrit magh veih [[Agglish ny Raue]] ayns 1534 (jeeagh er [[Aachummey Hostyn]]), ny h-Agglish 'steat' ayns Sostyn: ta'n agglish freayll [[Çhiarnyn Spyrrydoil|tuarystallys]] ayns [[Parlamaid y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Parlamaid yn RU]] as ta'n [[Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|ree ny yn venrein Goaldagh]] ny oltey jeh'n Agglish (shirrit fo Olt 2 jeh [[Conaant yn Unnaneys]]) chammah as ny [[Ard-chiannoort Agglish Hostyn|Ard-chiannoort]]. Ayns ny bleeantyn shoh caie ta cummaght yeeragh ny h-agglish goll sheese agh ta kiart towseyn slattyssagh (bentyn rish reirey crauee) freaylt eck trooid yn [[Ard-choyrle Chadjin Agglish Hostyn|Ard-choyrle Chadjin]] as foddee orroo dy v'er heet nyn drooid liorish y Pharlamaid. Ta'n [[Agglish Albinagh]] (enmyssit dy neuformoil myr y [[Kirk]]), quoi va scarrit magh veih'n Raue ayns 1560 (jeeagh er [[Calveenaghys]] as [[Aachummey ny h-Albey]]) ny h-agglish [[Presbyteyraght|Phresbyteyragh]], as t'ee er enney myr [[agglish ashoonagh]] ny h-Albey, as cha nel ee fo smaght y steat. Ta'n venrein ny h-oltey chadjin jeh'n Agglish, as ta shirreydys urree guee er shickyrys ny h-Agglish y choadey ec y chrooinaghey. Ta [[Agglish Aspickagh ny h-Albey]], quoi ta ny cooid jeh'n Chommeeys Anglicaanagh, goaill toshiaght veih bunneeaght yerrinagh ny Presbyteyraght ayns Nalbin ayns 1690 nar v'ee rheynnit magh veih'n Agglish Albinagh, as cha nel ee ny 'fo-agglish' Agglish Hostyn. Myr eiyrtys skeiltyn elley 'syn Agglish Albinagh, 'sy nuyoo eash jeig er lheh, va agglishyn Presbyteyragh anchasley elley, goaill stiagh [[Agglish Heyr ny h-Albey (ny yei 1900)|Agglish Heyr ny h-Albey]], currit er bun. Ayns ny 1920yn, va'n [[Agglish ayns Bretin]] scarrit magh veih Agglish Hostyn as haink urree dy ve "[[Jee-vunneydaght|jee-vunnit]]". Ta'n Agglish ayns Bretin foast 'sy [[Commeeys Anglicaanagh|Chommeeys Anglicaanagh]]. Ta'n [[Saasilaght]] as agglishyn seyrey elley troshtagh dy tradishoonagh ayns Bretin. Va'n agglish Anglicaanagh, [[Agglish Nerin]] jee-vunnit 'sy nuyoo eash jeig. T'ee goaill stiagh ellan slane [[Nerin]] ([[Nerin Hwoaie]] hene as [[Pobblaght Nerin]] hene). Ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ta ny [[Protestoonys|Protestoonee]] nyn mooar-chooid.<ref>[http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=980 Communities in Northern Ireland] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit er 29 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> agh ta Agglish ny Raue ny h-Agglish smoo. Ta'n [[Agglish Phresbyteyragh ayns Nerin]], as ee bentyn rish yn Agglish Albinagh rere jeeoilys as shennaghys, ny h-Agglish Phrotestoonagh smoo. Ta Agglish ny Raue ny nah rheynn chredjue ny Creestiaght smoo 'syn RU. Lurg yn [[Aachummey Protestoonagh]], va leighyn geyrey currit ayns bree nyn oi, agh v'ad scughit liorish leighyn [[Seyrey ny Catolee]] ayns 1829. Ta reiltysyn Catoleagh er lheh ayn da Sostyn as Bretin, Nalbin, as Nerin. T'ad agglishyn Creestee mooarey elley na [[Saasilaght|Saasilee]], bunnit ec [[John Wesley]] ayns Lunnin, as [[Bashtee]]. Ta agglishyn [[Sushtallaght|Sushtallagh]] as [[Kingeeshaghys|Kingeeshagh]] aasagh chammah, as y chooid smoo jeu bishaghey lesh inymmyrkey veih'n [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as çheu hoal. Ta ny h-agglishyn Kingeeshagh 'sy treeoo ynnyd ny yei Agglish Hostyn as Agglish ny Raue rere fieaumanys.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110814125609/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article757934.ece 'Fringe' Church winning the believers] Timesonline, 19 Nollick 2006</ref> ==== Craueeaghtyn elley ==== [[Coadan:ELM and LMC Angled View 1.jpg|thumb|[[Mosk Lunnin Hiar]], nane jeh ynnydyn ooashlee Islamagh smoo 'sy çheer.]] T'eh er credjal dy vel mygeayrt 1.8 millioonyn [[Islam|Moslymee]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article700684.ece |title=We need imams who can speak to young Muslims in their own words |accessdate=2006-08-09 |date=2006-08-05 |publisher=The Times}}</ref> Ta [[mosk]]yn ry gheddyn ayns dagh ard. T'ad ny possanyn islamagh smoo jeh'n sluight [[Yn Phakistaan|Pakistaanagh]], [[Yn Vangladesh|Bengaalagh]] as [[Yn Injey|Injinagh]]. Er y gherrid, ta kemmyrkee veih'n [[Yn Tomaal|Tomaal]], [[Pobblaght Hurkagh ny Cyprys Hwoaie|y Chyprys Hwoaie]], [[ny Çheeraghyn Balkanagh]] as çheeraghyn Arabagh cur lesh bishaghey mooad ny Moslymee Goaldagh. Ta arganys ny bleeaney 2006 fo'n [[burqa]], ayns cohaggloo liorish y pholitickeyr [[Jack Straw]], aahoilshaghey scarrey eddyr Goaldee ennagh as ad cur feyshtyn er mestey stiagh ny Moslymee lesh y çheshaght Ghoaldagh, as ad t'er credjal dy vel ceau ny breid freggyrtagh lhee, 'syn RU.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/10/07/uk.straw/ |title=Veil: British papers back Straw |accessdate=2006-05-11 |date=2006-07-10 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Ta craueeaghtyn Injinagh ry-gheddyn foast, lheid as [[Hindooghys]], [[Seeckaghys]], [[Buddhaghys]] as [[Jainaghys]]. Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va mygeayrt 560,000 Hindooee as 340,000 Seeckee 'syn RU. Ta'n Buddhaghys cliaghtit ec 150,000&nbsp;dy 'leih.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |title=Census 2001 - Profiles |accessdate=2007-01-27 |publisher=Office for National Statistics}}</ref> Ta un reagheydys neu-reiltysagh ooley dy vel 800,000 Hindooee 'syn RU.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hinduism.iskcon.com/tradition/1212.htm |title=Hinduism in Britain today |publisher=International Society for Krishna Consciousness |accessdate=2007-04-22 |archivedate=2010-12-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217230639/http://hinduism.iskcon.com/tradition/1212.htm }}</ref> Ta nane jeh ny çhiambleyn gonney çheu mooie jeh'n [[Yn Injey|Injey]] soit ayns [[Leicester]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100921091924/http://www.jaincentre.com/ The Jain Centre, Leicester. UK] jaincentre.com, feddynit magh er 29 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> Ta mygeayrt 270,000 Ewnyn 'sy Vretyn Vooar, rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |title=Census 2001 - Profiles |accessdate=2007-12-02 |publisher=Office for National Statistics}}</ref> Ta co-phobble anjee as meechredjuagh aasagh lesh mygeayrt 9.1&nbsp;millioonyn dy 'leih (15% sleih-earroo yn RU) gaggyrt nagh vel craueeaght erbee oc ayns coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20031221054139/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/STATBASE/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=6590 Religion: 2001 Census] National Statistics website.</ref> == Tarmaynys == {{ardart|Tarmaynys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:City of London Skyline from Canary Wharf - Sept 2008.jpg|thumb|Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd argidoil smoo 'syn Oarpey as nane jeh ny tree ynnydyn argidoil smoo er y theihll myrane lesh [[York Noa (balley)|York Noa]] as [[Tokyo]].<ref name="London's place in economy">{{cite web|url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2CAE66FB-2DD5-41A5-B916-8FFC37276059/0/BC_RS_lpuk_0511_FR.pdf|title=London's place in the UK economy, 2005–06|publisher=City of London|accessdate=2008-03-11}}</ref>]] Ta tarmaynys yn RU jeant seose (ayns oardagh lhargee mooadys) jeh tarmaynysyn [[Tarmaynys Hostyn|Hostyn]], [[Tarmaynys ny h-Albey|ny h-Albey]], [[Tarmaynys Vretin|Vretin]] as [[Tarmaynys Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]]. Rere [[leahys coonree|leahysyn coonree]] margee, ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny wheigoo tarmaynys smoo er y theihll<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/data/dbcoutm.cfm?SD=2005&ED=2005&R1=1&R2=1&CS=3&SS=2&OS=C&DD=0&OUT=1&C=512-941-914-446-612-666-614-672-311-946-213-137-911-962-193-674-122-676-912-548-313-556-419-678-513-181-316-682-913-684-124-273-339-921-638-948-514-686-218-688-963-518-616-728-223-558-516-138-918-353-748-196-618-278-522-692-622-694-156-142-624-449-626-564-628-283-228-853-924-288-233-293-632-566-636-964-634-182-238-453-662-968-960-922-423-714-935-862-128-716-611-456-321-722-243-965-248-718-469-724-253-576-642-936-643-961-939-813-644-199-819-184-172-524-132-361-646-362-648-364-915-732-134-366-652-734-174-144-328-146-258-463-656-528-654-923-336-738-263-578-268-537-532-742-944-866-176-369-534-744-536-186-429-925-178-746-436-926-136-466-343-112-158-111-439-298-916-927-664-846-826-299-542-582-443-474-917-754-544-698&S=NGDPD&CMP=0&x=31&y=8 |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |publisher=International Monetary Fund |date=2005 |accessdate=2006-05-15}}</ref> as ny nah harmaynys moo 'syn Oarpey lurg y [[Yn Ghermaan|Ghermaan]]. Hoshee [[yn Çhyndaa Çhynskylagh]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit lesh co-ghlooaghey toshee er çhynskylyn eddrymey lheid as troggal lhongyn, meaineyrys geayil, obbragh staillin, as çhynskyl ny feederaght. Chroo yn impiraght margey har mooir da troaryn Goaldagh, as eh lhiggey da'n RU jannoo kioneys er traght eddyr-ashoonagh 'sy 19oo eas. Ansherbee, lesh çhynskylaghey çheeraghyn elley, myrane lesh parail tarmaynagh ny yei daa chaggey dowanagh, hoshee yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit e vondeish chohirreydagh y choayl as haghyr parail ayns çhynskyl eddrym veggan as ny veggan, trooid y 20oo eash. Ta'n jantyssaght foast ny chooid trome-cheeallagh y tarmaynys, agh cha row eh coontit agh er son sheyoo y troar ashoonagh 'sy vlein 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dti.gov.uk/ministers/speeches/hewitt150704b.html |title=TUC Manufacturing Conference |author=Patricia Hewitt |publisher=Department for Trade and Industry |date=2004-07-15 |accessdate=2006-05-16 |archivedate=2007-06-03 |archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070603191213/http://www.dti.gov.uk/ministers/speeches/hewitt150704b.html }}</ref> Ta'n çhynskyl gleashtanagh Goaldagh ny vooar-chooid jeh'n ronney shoh, agh haghyr pareil ayn lesh cohuittym yn [[MG Rover Group|''MG Rover Group'']], ansherbee, as ec y traa t'ayn ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n çhynskyl fo shellooderaght colughtyn joarree. She [[BAE Systems|''BAE Systems'']], y colught Oarpagh [[EADS]], shellooder ''[[Airbus]]'', ny colughtyn smoo ayns obbragh etlanyn theayagh as coadee. Ta ronney mooar margee jeshaghtyn etlanys y theihill ec [[Rolls-Royce plc|''Rolls-Royce'']]. Ta'n çhynskyl kemmigagh as potacareeagh lajer 'syn RU, lesh y nah as y sheyoo colught potacareeagh er y theihll, ''[[GlaxoSmithKline]]'' as ''[[AstraZeneca]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dti.gov.uk/sectors/biotech/pharmaceutical/page10219.html |title=The Pharmaceutical sector in the UK |accessdate=2007-02-27 |publisher=Department of Trade and Industry |archivedate=2007-02-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205141427/http://www.dti.gov.uk/sectors/biotech/pharmaceutical/page10219.html }}</ref> [[Coadan:London.bankofengland.arp.jpg|thumb|left|[[Banc Hostyn]]; [[bank meanagh]] y Reeriaght Unnaneysit.]] Ta ronney shirveishyn yn RU bishaghey, ansherbee, as nish t'eh freggyrtagh son 73% LTS ny çheerey.<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-04-26 |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=9333 |title=Index of Services (experimental) |publisher=Office for National Statistics |accessdate=2006-05-24}}</ref> Ta'n ronney shirveishyn jannoo kioneys er [[shirveishyn argidoil]], ayns bancaght as urryssaght er lheh. Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd argidoil smoo er y theihll lesh [[Boorse Lunnin]], [[Boorse Lunnin ry hoi Conaantyn ry-heet Argidoil as Reihyn Eddyr-ashoonagh]] (LIFFE), as y margey urryssagh [[Lloyd's of London|''Lloyd's of London'']] bunnit ayns [[Ard-valley Lunnin]]. Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd scanshoil ry hoi [[dellal eddyr-ashoonagh]] as cochionneeaght as t'eh ny valley toshee er tree "ynnydyn anney" ry hoi [[Yn Tarmaynys Dowanagh|y tarmaynys dowanagh]] (myrane lesh [[York Noa (balley)|York Noa]] as [[Tokyo]]).<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Saskia Sassen|Sassen, Saskia]]|title=The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo|year=2001|publisher=Princeton University Press|edition=2nd edition}}</ref> Ta'n co-ghlooaghey banglaneyn bancyn joarree smoo er y theihll ayn. 'Sy yeihaght jerrinagh, ta ynnyd argidoil trughanagh gaase ayns ny [[Lhonglannyn Lunnin|Lhonglannyn]], lesh [[HSBC]] as [[Barclays plc|''Barclays Bank'']] aahoiaghey ny h-ard-offishyn ayns shen. Ta mooarane colughtyn eddyr-ashoonagh nagh vel bunnit 'syn RU son y chooid smoo, lheid as ''[[Citigroup]]'', aahoiaghey ny kione-cherrooyn Oarpagh gys Lunnin. Ta nane jeh ny h-ynnydyn argidoil smoo 'syn Oarpey 'sy phreeu-valley Albinagh, Doon Edin<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmhansrd/vo030430/halltext/30430h05.htm#30430h05_spnew0|title=Financial Services Industry |first=Mark |last=Lazarowicz (Labour MP) |date=2003-04-30|publisher=United Kingdom Parliament |accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref> as ta kione-cherroo yn [[Royal Bank of Scotland Group|''Royal Bank of Scotland Group'']], nane jeh ny bancyn smoo 'sy dowan, soit ayn. [[Coadan:Oil_platform_under_repair_at_Gdańsk_Shipyard,_Poland_-_20070504.jpg|thumb|Ta [[Ooill Vooir Hostyn|ooill as gas Vooir Hostyn]] cur cooid da feme bree yn RU.]] Ta'n turrysid feer feer scanshoil da tarmaynys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Lesh çheet ny smoo na 27&nbsp;millioonyn turryssee 'sy vlein 2004, ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit rang-oardraghit myr y sheyoo kione jurnaa smoo scanshoil 'sy dowan.<ref>{{PDFlink|[http://www.world-tourism.org/facts/eng/pdf/highlights/2005_eng_high.pdf International Tourism Receipts]|1.10&nbsp;MB}}. UNWTO Tourism Highlights, Edition 2005 Duillag 12. World Tourism Organisation. Feddynit magh er 24 Boaldyn 2006</ref> Ta Lunnin, er oirr mooar, ny valley smoo shirrit 'sy dowan lesh 15.6 millioonyn keayrtee ayns 2006, roish Bangkok (10.4 millioonyn) as [[Paarys]] (9.7 millioonyn).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.euromonitor.com/Top_150_City_Destinations_London_Leads_the_Way|title=Top 150 city destinations: London leads the way|first=Caroline|last=Bremner|publisher=Euromonitor International|date-2007-10-11|accessdate=2008-08-28}}</ref> Ta ny çhynskylyn crootagh freggyrtagh son 7% [[Lane Tooilliu Feeuid|LTF]] ny çheerey ayns 2005 as daase eh er mean-leahys 6% 'sy vlein eddyr 1997 as 2005.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007-03-09 |url=http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/2132.aspx |title=From the Margins to the Mainstream - Government unveils new action plan for the creative industries |publisher=DCMS |accessdate=2007-03-09 |archiveurl=https://archive.ph/20120628214959/http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/2132.aspx |archivedate=2012-06-28 }}</ref> Ta ronney eirinagh yn RU coontit er son 0.9% LTS ny çheerey.<ref name=factbook/> Ta tashtey beg geayil 'syn RU myrane lesh tashtaghyn tuittymagh<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-11-30 |url=http://europe.theoildrum.com/story/2006/11/19/135819/75 |title=The architecture of UK offshore oil production in relation to future production models |publisher=The Oil Drum |accessdate=2008-08-27}}</ref> [[gas najooragh]] as [[tashtaghyn ooill]]. Ta ny smoo na 400 millioonyn thunnaghyn dy hashtaghyn geayil er enney 'syn RU.<ref name="Coal 1">{{cite web|title=Coal Around the World|author=UK Coal|url=http://www.ukcoal.com/coal-around-the-world|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=UK Coal|year=2007|work=UK Coal website|archivedate=2008-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013045749/http://www.ukcoal.com/coal-around-the-world}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 2004, va lane ymmyd geayil yn RU (goaill stiagh cooid kionnit stiagh) mygeayrt 61 millioonyn hunnaghyn,<ref name="BERR 1">{{cite web|title=Chapter 2: Long term trends Solid fuels and derived gases|author=UK Coal|url=http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file19261.pdf|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=Department for Business Enterprise & Regulatory Reform|year=2008|work=BERR website|archivedate=2008-09-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923193134/http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file19261.pdf}}</ref> as eh lhiggey da'n RU dy ve hene-haieagh ayns geayl er feie 6.5 bleeaney, ansherbee rere leahysyn tayrn magh roie, bee ny meainyn foast tayrn geayl magh ayns 20 bleeantyn.<ref name="Coal 1"/> She caghlaays lostit lectraghys gientyn geayl-lostit gasaghey geayil keillit (GGK). She tilgey stiagh gaal as ocsygien trooid towl meainey GGK, as eh tilgey magh gas veih'n gheayl as cur y mestey gys y thalloo - foddee saase seyrey geayil lesh towseyn injil carboan. T'eh er credjal dy vel eddyr 7 billioonyn as 16 billioonyn thunnaghyn GGK ayns eaghtyryn er çheer, foddee.<ref name="Coal 2">{{cite web|title=Coal Reserves in the United Kingdom|author=The Coal Authority|url=http://www.coal.gov.uk/media//860AD/Response%20to%20Energy%20Review%20-%20Appendix%202.pdf|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=The Coal Authority|year=2007|work=Response to Energy Review|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923193135/http://www.coal.gov.uk/media//860AD/Response%20to%20Energy%20Review%20-%20Appendix%202.pdf|archivedate=2008-09-23}}</ref> Er ymmyd roie geayil 'syn RU, ta ny towseyn shoh cowraghey tashtaghyn as ad abyl cour er feie 200 as 400 bleeantyn ec yn RU.<ref name="Coal 3">{{cite web|title=BBC News England Expert predicts 'coal revolution'|author=BBC|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7046981.stm|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=BBC|dater=2007-10-16|work=Ynnyd-eggey BBC News}}</ref> Ta cassey yn reiltys 'sy tarmaynys fo stiurey [[Shansyleyr y Rheynn Argidys]] as eh ny 'er toshee er [[Staaitchishtey yn AO]], agh ta'n [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]] ny [[Kied-hiarn y Staaitchishtey|Chied-hiarn y Staaitchishtey]]; ta Shansyleyr y Rheynn Argidys ny Nah-hiarn y Staaitchishtey. Ayns ny bleeantyn jerrinagh, va'n RU stiurit ayns freggyrtys lesh prinsabylyn feoiltaghey margee as keeshyn as curmaghey injil. Veih'n vlein 1997, ta [[Bing Pholasee Argidoil]] [[Banc Hostyn|Vanc Hostyn]], fo stiurey [[Kiannoort Vanc Hostyn|Chiannoort Vanc Hostyn]], freggyrtagh son lhie [[leahys banc oikoil|leahysyn use]] ec cormidyn as ad ymmyrçhagh dy chooilleeney lane deanyn bolgey da'n tarmaynys. Ta ny leahysyn shen currit nyn lhie ec y Shansyler dagh blein.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080312060011/http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/about/more_about.htm More About the Bank] www.bankofengland.co.uk, feddynit magh er 8 Luanistyn 2008</ref> Ta Reiltys ny h-Albey, rere lowal rish Parlamaid ny h-Albey, abyl leahys bunneydagh keeshyn er çheet stiagh ry-eeck ayns Nalbin y chaghlaa rere 3 pingyn ny smoo ny ny sloo 'sy phunt, agh cha row y cummaght shen cliaghtit derrey yn laa t'ayn. 'Sy vlein 2007, va [[feeaghan reiltys]] yn RU fo 44% [[Lane Troar Sthie|LTS]].<ref name=factbook>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090513124910/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html CIA World Factbook][Rhenk-oardraghey Gini]</ref> She [[punt Sostynagh]], cowrit liorish y chowrey '''[[Cowrey yn phunt|£]]''' argid oikoil yn RU. She [[Banc Hostyn]] y [[banc meanagh]] as t'eh freggyrtagh er son cur magh yn argid. Ta bancyn ayns Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie freayll kiart noteyn hene y chur magh, as ad smaghtit fo freaylley mie dy liooar noteyn Vanc Hostyn ayns tashtaghyn. Ec launshey yn [[euro]] v'eh reiht ec yn RU çheet lesh yn argid shen, as er yn Ard-vinishter Goaldagh, Tony Brown, ta olteynys y phossan argidoil reillt magh lesh ny bleeantyn ry heet. Dooyrt eh dy re eshyn y briwnys kiart da'n Vretyn Vooar as yn Oarpey.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007-07-24 |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2127640.ece |title=Puritanism comes too naturally for 'Huck' Brown |publisher=Times Online |accessdate=2007-07-24 |archive-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814094905/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2127640.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ren reiltys Tony Blair gioal refrane y ghoaill er olteynys y phossan argidoil my vel "[[queig prowalyn tarmaynagh]]" er n'gheddyn. Ayns 2005, va 55% sleih-earroo yn RU noi'n argid, as va 30% son yn argid.<ref>{{cite web |date=[[2005-02-28]] |url=http://www.ipsos-mori.com/content/polls-05/emu-entry-and-eu-constitution.ashx|title=EMU Entry And EU Constitution |publisher=MORI |accessdate=2006-05-17}}</ref> == Ynsagh == {{ardart|Ynsagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{jeeagh|Ynsagh ayns Sostyn|Ynsagh ayns Nalbin|Ynsagh ayns Bretin|Ynsagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie}} [[Coadan:KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg|thumb|[[King's College, Cambridge|King's College]], cooid jeh [[Ollooscoill Chambridge]]]] [[Coadan:Tom Quad, Christ Church 2004-01-21.jpg|thumb|right|[[Christ Church, Aah yn Ollee|Christ Church]], cooid jeh [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee]]]] Ta [[ynsagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] ny red jee-veanit lesh corysyn er lheh ayns Bretin, Nalbin, Nerin Hwoaie as Sostyn. Ta [[Screeudeyr y Steat ry hoi Lhiennoo, Scoillyn as Lught-thie]] as [[Screeudeyr y Steat ry hoi Noaid, Ollooscoillyn as Schleiyn]] freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns Sostyn]], agh ta [[Lught-reill Ynnydagh Ynsee]] freggyrtagh ry hoi stiurey laa dy laa as argid. Va ynsagh steat cadjin currit stiagh ayns Sostyn as Bretin 'sy vlein 1870 da scollagyn ny bunscoillyn as 'sy vlein 1900 da scollagyn ny meanscoillyn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.humana.org/Article.asp?TxtID=223&SubMenuItemID=183&MenuItemID=43 |title=United Kingdom |publisher=Humana |accessdate=2006-05-18 |archivedate=2006-10-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003010910/http://www.humana.org/Article.asp?TxtID=223&SubMenuItemID=183&MenuItemID=43 }}</ref> Ta'n ynsagh anneydagh da scollagyn eddyr queig bleeaney as shey bleeaney jeig d'eash (15 my vel ad ruggit ayns Jerrey Souree jeianagh ny Luanistyn). Ta'n chooid smoo dy scollagyn ynsit ayns scoillyn y steat, as coreir beg jeu reih scoillyn er bun ablid acadoil. Faagail magh dy row parail ayns earrooyn ny scollagyn as ad goll gys scoillyn preevaadjagh, ta coreir scollagyn ayns Sostyn ayns ny scoillyn shen ny yei er heet ny smoo na 7%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2007/nov/09/schools.uk |title=Private school pupil numbers in decline] |publisher=Guardian |date=2007-11-09}}</ref> Va beggan ny smoo na lieh-chooid dy scollagyn ny h-ollooscoillyn [[Ollooscoill Chambridge|Chambridge]] as [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee|Aah yn Ollee]] nyn eear-scollagyn scoillyn y steat.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/6905288.stm |title=More state pupils in universities |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-07-19}}</ref> Ta shiartanse dy ny h-ollooscoillyn share er y theihll ayns Sostyn; ta [[Ollooscoill Chambridge]], [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee]], as [[Ollooscoill Lunnin]] rang-oardit mastey ny 20 ollooscoilyn share ayns [[THES - QS World University Rankings|''THES – QS World University Rankings'']] ny bleeaney 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/hybrid.asp?typeCode=144|title=The top 200 world universities|publisher=''Times Higher Education''|date=2007-11-09|accessdate=2008-02-19}}</ref> Ansherbee, rere parail ayns earrooyn ny scollagyn ta gynsaghey çhengaghyn joarree, ta aggle ayn dy beagh eiyrtys jiooldagh er dellal, as nish ta yllee ayn tosheeaght ny smoo dy chur er çhengaghyn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/4442223.stm |title=Fear over poor UK language skills |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}} Jeeagh er neesht: {{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/6960432.stm |title=Row over fall in language studies |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref> Ta [[Screeudeyr Arrey ry hoi Ynsagh as Ynsaght Seihill]] freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns Nalbin]], agh ta Lught-reill Ynnydagh freggyrtagh ry hoi stiurey laa dy laa as argid. Ta paartyn ogheragh ayns ynsagh ny h-Albey ec colughtyn theayagh neu-rheynnagh: ta [[Lught-reill Qualleeaghtyn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh er son lhiasaghey, credjoonaght, scrutaght as teishtys qualleeaghtyn faagail magh keimyn as ad seyrit ayns mean-scoillyn, colaashtaghyn ynsee sodjey [[Ynsagh trassagh|eear-vean-scoillaragh]] as ynnydyn elley;<ref>[http://www.sqa.org.uk/sqa/5656.html Mysh SQA] sqa.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as ta [[Learning and Teaching Scotland]] kiarail coyrle, cooid as lhiasaghey fwirran da'n lught ynsee dy cur lhiasaghey coorse er oaie as dy chroo cultoor noaid, gloyrvian as erbaghtallys.<ref>[http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/aboutlts/index.asp Mysh Learning and Teaching Scotland] ltscotland.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Va ynsagh anneydagh currit ayns leigh ayns Nalbin 'sy vlein 1496.<ref>[http://www.scotland.org/about/innovation-and-creativity/features/education/e_brain_drain.html Brain drain in reverse] scotland.org, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ta beggan ny smoo na 4% dy scollagyn ny h-Albey, agh ta'n earroo shen gaase ayns ny bleeantyn jerrinagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/6563167.stm |title=Increase in private school intake |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-04-17}}</ref> Ta [[Arrey Ynsee (Nerin Hwoaie)|Arrey Ynsee]], [[Caitríona Ruane]] ([[Sinn Féin]]) ec y traa t'ayn, freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns NerinHwoaie]],<ref name="northernireland1"/> agh er y leval ynnydagh t'eh fo stiurey queig Boayrdyn Ynsee as Lioarlannyn. Ta'n [[Cooinseil ry hoi Coorse, Scrutaght as Meihaghey]] freggyrtagh er son coyrle er coorse ny scoillyn ayns Nerin Hwoaie, stundayrtyn scrialtee as cur magh qualleeaghtyn.<ref>[http://www.ccea.org.uk/ About Us - What we do] ccea.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> T'eh lesh [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]] freggyrtys [[ynsagh ayns Bretyn|ynsee ayns Bretyn]]. Ta mooarane dy scollagyn ynsit dy bollagh ny son y chooid smoo ayns [[Bretnish]];ta lessoonyn ayns Bretnish anneydagh da scollagyn ny s'aa na 16 bleeaney d'eash. Ta planyn ayn bishaghey kiarail scoillyn Bretnish dy chur ayn as y plan shen ny choid jeh'n pholasee Bretin ghaa-hengagh y chroo. Rere [[Claare ry hoi Scrutaght Eddyr-ashoonagh ny Scollagyn]] ta'n RU 'sy 14oo ynnyd ayns oaylleeaght, as eh ny s'yrjey na mean yn RCTL.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/8/39700724.pdf|title=Range of rank on the PISA 2006 science scale}}</ref> == Arraghey == {{ardart|Arraghey 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:London Heathrow T5 AB1.JPG|thumb|[[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow#Terminal 5|Heathrow Terminal 5]]. Ta ny smoo troailtee aeragh eddyr-ashoonagh goll trooid [[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow]] na trooid purt aeragh elley erbee er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="bbc1">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7472432.stm|title=Heathrow 'needs a third runway' |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref><ref name=airport>{{cite web|url=http://www.aci.aero/aci/aci/file/Press%20Releases/2008/TOP30_International%20Passengers_2007.pdf|title=Statistics: Top 30 World airports|format=PDF|publisher=Airports Council International|accessdate=2008-10-15}}</ref>]] [[Coadan:Bb-forthrailbridge.jpg|thumb|Ta [[Droghad Raad Yiarn Foirthe]], Nalbin, ny cowrey jallooagh y [[Network Rail|voggyl raad yiarn]].]] Ta'n [[Jantys Raaidyn Mooarey]] ny jantys obbree ry hoi raaidyn mooarey as bayryn gleashtanagh ayns Sostyn faagail magh y raad preevaadjagh [[M6 Keesh]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130113225031/http://www.m6toll.co.uk/faqs/default.asp?mainmenuid=6 M6Toll Frequently asked questions] www.m6toll.co.uk, feddynit erash er 13 Jerrey Souree 2008</ref> Ta'n Rheynn Arraghey gra dy vel gloo traght nane jeh ny crampysyn traght smoo trome-chooishagh, as mannagh vel red erbee jeant ayn, bee eh costal Sostyn £22&nbsp;villioon brash rere traa juaillit.<ref>{{cite web|title = Tackling congestion on our roads|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/roads/introtoroads/roadcongestion/ |publisher = Department for Transport}}</ref> Rere [[Studeyrys Traght Eddington|tuarastyl y reiltys Eddington]] ny bleeaney 2006, bee yn tarmaynys jeeyllit liorish y ghloo traght, mannagh vel laue currit rish liorish priseil raaidyn as bishaghey yn voggyl arraghey.<ref>{{cite web|title = Delivering choice and reliability|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/press/speechesstatements/speeches/congestion|publisher = Department for Transport|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081122094312/http://www.dft.gov.uk/press/speechesstatements/speeches/congestion|archivedate = 2008-11-22|accessdate = 2008-11-29}}</ref><ref> {{ cite web|title = The Eddington Transport Study|author = Rod Eddington |year = 2006|month = Nollick|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/about/strategy/transportstrategy/eddingtonstudy/|publisher = UK Treasury|archiveurl=http://archive.is/5bkpn|archivedate=2007-11-04}} </ref> Ta [[Rheynn Treealys, Arraghey as Ynsaghey Beayn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh son moggyl arraghey ny h-Albey, as she [[Transport Scotland]] (Arraghey ny h-Albey) yn jantys ta freggyrtagh rish [[Screeudeyr Arrey Argidys as Bishaghey Yn-Ymmyrkey]] ry hoi raaidyn mooarey as moggylyn raaidyn yiarn ny h-Albey.<ref>[http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/ Transport Scotland - Keeping Scotland moving] www.transportscotland.gov.uk, feddyniy erash er 1 Jerrey Souree 2008 </ref> Ta mygeayrt 340 stashoonyn traenagh ayns moggyl raad yiarn ny h-Albey as 3,000 kilometeryn raaidyn yiarn lesh ny smoo na 62&nbsp;villioon troailtee er dagh blein.<ref>[http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/rail Transport Scotland - Rail] www.transportscotland.gov.uk, feddynit erash er 10 Jerrey Souree 2008</ref> Harrish yn RU, ta moggyl raaidyn lieh-chrantessenagh lesh 46,904 kilometeryn (29,145 mi) dy raaidyn mooarey as moggyl bayryn gleashtanagh ta 3,497 kilometeryn (2,173 mi) er lhiurid. Ta 213,750 kilometeryn (132,818 mi) dy raaidyn peamadit ayn foast. Ta'n [[Network Rail|moggyl raaidyn yiarn]], ta 16,116&nbsp;km (10,072&nbsp;mi) er lhiurid 'sy Vretyn Vooar as 303&nbsp;km (189&nbsp;mi) er lhiurid ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ymmyrkey ny smoo na 18,000 traenyn troailtee as 1,000 traenyn traghtee dagh laa. Ta moggylyn raaidyn yiarn baljagh mie lhiasit ayns Lunnin as ayns baljyn elley. Va ny smoo na 48,000&nbsp;km (30,000&nbsp;mi) dy raaidyn yiarn 'syn RU, agh eddyr ny bleeantyn 1955 as 1975, va'n chooid smoo jeh'n voggyl leodit, as y leodaghey shen lurg tuarastyl liorish yn 'er-choyrlee reiltys [[Richard Beeching]] ayns ny mean 1960yn (currit er enney myr [[Giarrey Beeching]]). Ta'n lught reill smooinaghtyn er raaidyn yiarn ard-vieauid dy hroggal roish ny bleeaney 2025.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7467203.stm Major new rail lines considered] BBC News, 21 Mean Souree 2008 </ref> Ta [[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow]], ta soit 24&nbsp;km (15&nbsp;mi) eear veih'n phreeu-valley, ny purt aeragh smoo tarrooagh 'syn RU as ta ny smoo troailtee eddyr-ashoonagh aynjee na t'ayns purt aeragh elley erbee er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="bbc1"/><ref name=airport>{{cite web|url=http://www.aci.aero/aci/aci/file/Press%20Releases/2008/TOP30_International%20Passengers_2007.pdf|title=Statistics: Top 30 World airports|format=PDF|publisher=Airports Council International|accessdate=2008-10-15}}</ref> == Spoyrt == {{ardart|Spoyrt 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ghow [[spoyrt]]yn mooarey, goaill stiagh [[soccer]], [[ruggyr]], [[criggad]], [[tennys]] as [[golf]], toshiaght 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Rere co-earroo ny bleeaney 2006, she soccer y spoyrt smoo ennoil 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/content/crowded-summer-of-sport.ashx|title=Crowded Summer Of Sport|publisher=Ipsos Mori|accessdate=2008-10-17|archivedate=2009-06-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618163751/http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/content/crowded-summer-of-sport.ashx}}</ref> Er yn ardan eddyr-ashoonagh, ta [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]], [[Nerin Hwoaie]], as [[Sostyn]] cohirrey ayns ram sleih-ghammanyn, chammah as ayns [[Cloiaghyn y Cho-unnaneys]], as ayns co-hecks spoyrt ta'n ennym ny [[Ashoonyn Thie|h-Ashoonyn Thie]] currit orroo. Ta fwirranyn ashoonagh ayns [[bluckan bascaidagh]] as ayns ny [[Cloiaghyn Olympagh]] shassoo er son y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. === Bluckan coshey === {{ardart|Soccer 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Wembley Stadium closeup.jpg|thumb|right|[[Staid Wembley]] noa ayns Lunnin. T'eh ny staid smoo deyr er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="Daily Mail - stadium ready">{{cite news | date=2007-03-09 | url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-441182/Wembley-kick-Stadium-ready-England-play-game-fortnight.html | title=Wembley kick-off: Stadium is ready and England play first game in fortnight | work=[[Daily Mail]] | accessdate=2007-03-19}}</ref>]] [[Coadan:Hampden Stadium.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pairk Hampden]], [[Glaschu]] - staid sockyr ashoonagh ny h-Albey.]] Ta sheshaght sockyr, fwirran ashoonagh as corys leeg ec dagh çheer yn RU, agh ta clubyn ennagh cloie magh veih ny corysyn ashoonagh oc er oyryn shendeeagh as losteeagh, ansherbee. Ta [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Hostyn|Sostyn]], [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr ny h-Albey|Nalbin]], [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Vretin|Bretin]] as [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]] cloie myr çheeraghyn ennagh ayns cohirraghyn eddyrashoonagh as, myr eiyrtys, cha nel fwirran sockyr er lheh ec yn RU. Ta treealtysyn ayn fwirran ashoonagh sockyr da'n RU dy chroo ayns Cloiaghyn Olympagh ny bleeaney 2012 agh ta sheshaghtyn ny h-Albey, Vretin as Nerin Hwoaie ny yei commeeys y yiooldey, as ad credjal dy vel y stayd oc er nyn maggyrt – baggyrt ta feeraghit liorish eaghtyrane FIFA, Sepp Blatter.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/football/7286011.stm|title=Blatter against British 2012 team|publisher=BBC News|date=2008-03-09|accessdate=2008-04-02}}</ref> Ta Sostyn ny fwirran ashoonagh smoo ladoosagh mastey ny çheeraghyn thie, lesh Cappan y Dowan ny bleeaney 1966 cosnit eck. Ta trughanys lajer ayns soccer eddyr Sostyn as Nalbin. Ta corys leeg sockyr Hostyn goaill stiagh keeadyn dy leegyn eddyr-chianglt as ad jeant seose jeh thousaneyn dy rheynnyn. Ta [[Preeu-rheynn Hostyn|Preeu-rheynn Hostyn (''Premiership'')]] ec baare y leeg ny leeg smoo ard-ghooagh er feie ny cruinney<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081205073341/http://www.watch-football.net/articles/premier_league.html Premier and Champions League history] watch-football.net, feddynit magh er 1 Jerrey Souree, 2008</ref> as t'eh feer ennoil 'syn [[Yn Aishey|Aishey]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3207829.stm |title=Chinese phone maker's fancy footwork |publisher=BBC News |date=2003-10-27 |accessdate=2006-08-09}}</ref> Sheese, ta'n [[The Football League|Leeg Sockyr (''The Football League'')]] jeant seose jeh tree rheynnyn as ta rheynn ashoonagh ec y [[Football Conference|''Football Conference'']] lesh daa leeg ardjynagh artagh. Ny yei shen ta'n structoor ny smoo ardjynagh. Ta clubyn mooarey ennoil lheid as [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]], [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], as [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. Va clubyn Sostynagh feer ladoosagh ayns Cohirraghyn Oarpagh lheid as cosneyderyn y Chappan Oarpagh/Leeg Fenee UEFA: [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] (queig keayrtyn), [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] (tree keayrtyn), [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] (daa cheayrt) as [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]. Ta'n Cappan Oarpagh cosnit ec ny smoo clubyn Sostynagh na ec clubyn ass çheeraghyn elley (kiare fwirranyn cosoylagh rish tree ass yn Iddaal, y Ghermaan, as y Çheer Injil). Erskyn ooilley, ta Sostyn 'sy nah rhenk ayns rolley cosneyderyn cappanyn Oarpagh lesh 35 cohirraghyn cosnit oc (ta 36 ec clubyn ny h-Iddaal). Ta cohirrey yn Chappan Oarpagh çheet magh myr eiyrtys speeideilys club Sostynagh elley, [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|''Wolverhampton Wanderers'']] noi clubyn Oarpagh mooarey<ref>{{cite web|url=http://galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu/~mirad/archive.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001212711/http://galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu/~mirad/archive.html|archivedate=2007-10-01|title=The Beginning of Champions Cup|accessdate=2008-12-05}}</ref> ayns ny 1950yn. She [[Staid Wembley]], lesh soiagyn da 90,000 cronneyderyn, preeu staid spoyrtagh Hostyn. Ta daa leeg ashoonagh ayns corys leeg sockyr ny h-Albey: [[Preeu-rheynn ny h-Albey]], yn ard rheynn, as [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey]], lesh tree rheynnyn. Sheese jeu, ta tree leegyn ardjynagh ayn agh cha nel ad kianglt lesh ny leegyn ashoonagh: [[Leeg Sockyr ny Gaeltaght]], [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey Hiar]] as [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey Yiass]]. Ta un chlub Sostynagh, [[Berwick Rangers F.C.|Berwick Rangers]], cloie ayns y chorys Albinagh. Ta daa chlub mooarey ard-ghooagh ayns Nalbin as enney orroo er feie ny cruinney, [[Celtic F.C.|''Celtic'']] as [[Rangers F.C.|''Rangers'']]. Ta clubyn Albinagh lesh speeideilys ayns Cohirraghyn Oarpagh goaill stiagh lheid as ''Celtic'' (y Cappan Oarpagh ayns 1967), ''Rangers'' (Cappan Cosneyderyn Cappanyn UEFA ayns 1972) as [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] (Cappan Cosneyderyn Cappanyn UEFA ayns 1983 as Ard-chappan Oarpagh ayns 1983). Va Celtic ny chied chlub Goaldagh y Cappan Oarpagh y chosney. Ta corys leeg sockyr Bretnagh goaill stiagh [[Preeu-rheynn Vretin]] as leegyn ardjynagh. Ta'n club Bretnagh [[The New Saints F.C.|The New Saints]] cloie nyn gloiaghyn er çheu Hostynagh y joarey ayns [[Oswestry]]. Ta ny clubyn Bretnagh [[Cardiff City F.C.]], [[Colwyn Bay F.C.]], [[Merthyr Tydfil F.C.]], [[Newport County A.F.C.]], [[Swansea City A.F.C.]] as [[Wrexham F.C.]] cloie 'sy chorys Sostynagh. She [[Staid y Villey Bleeaney]] ayns Cayr Deeth, lesh soiagyn da 76,250 cronneyderyn, preeu-staid spoyrtagh Vretin. Ta corys leeg sockyr Nerin Hwoaie goaill stiagh [[Preeu-rheynn yn IFA]]. Ta un chlub ass Nerin Hwoaie, [[Derry City F.C.|Derry City]] cloie nyn gloiaghyn çheu mooie jeh'n RU ayns [[Leeg FAI Nerin|corys leeg sockyr Phobblaght Nerin]]. === Spoyrtyn elley === [[Coadan:Wimbledon Grojean 2004 RJL.JPG|thumb|Ta ny [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Feniaghtysyn Wimbledon]], tournamint [[Grand Slam (tennys)|Grand Slam]], cloiet ayns [[Wimbledon, Lunnin]] ayns Mean Souree as Jerrey Souree]] [[Coadan:Royal & Ancient Clubhouse.jpg|thumb|T'eh er credjal dy vel [[The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews]] "Thie Golf" y dowan.]] Ta [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys]] reaghit er bun er lheh da [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Sostyn|Sostyn]], [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Nalbin|Nalbin]], [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Bretin|Bretin]] as [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Nerin|Nerin]] as ta corys leeg as fwirran eddyr-ashoonagh er lheh oc, agh dagh kiare bleeaney ta fwirran ny [[Leionyn Goaldagh as Yernagh]] cloie 'syn Austrail, 'sy Teelynn Noa ny 'syn Affrick Yiass, as ny cloiederyn reiht veih ny h-Ashoonyn Thie. Va Cappan Ruggyr Unnaneys y Dowan cosnit ec Sostyn ayns 2003, agh she yn treeoo ynnyd y boayl s'yrjey ec Bretin, as y kiaroo ynnyd ec Nalbin. Cha jagh Nerin gys ny kerrooghyn-yerrinagh rieau. Ta bun [[Ruggyr y Leeg]] ayns [[Sostyn Hwoaie]] as va fwirran singyl 'ny Bretyn Mooar' cloie ayns Cappan Ruggyr Leeg y Dowan derrey 2008, tra chloie Sostyn, Nalbin as Nerin myr fwirranyn er lheh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rlwc08.com/|title=Ynnyd-eggey Cappan Ruggyr Leeg y Dowan 2008}}</ref> Va'n [[criggad]] currit er bun ayns Sostyn as she [[fwirran criggad Hostyn]], ta fo stiurey [[Boayrd Criggad Hostyn as Vretin]],<ref>[http://www.ecb.co.uk/ecb/about-ecb/ About ECB] www.ecb.co.uk, feddynit magh er 4 Luanistyn 2008 </ref> fwirran ashoonagh ynrican 'syn RU lesh stayd prowallagh. Ta ny h-olteynyn çheet magh ass ny fwirranyn coontae mooarey, as t'ad goaill stiagh criggadee Sostynagh as Bretnagh. Ta'n criggad anchasley rish Soccer as Ruggyr c'raad dy vel fwirranyn ashoonagh er lheh cloie. Chloie criggadee [[Spoyrt ayns Nerin|Yernagh]] as [[Criggad ayns Nalbin|Albinagh]] lesh fwirran Hostyn er y fa nagh vel stayd prowallagh ec [[Fwirran ashoonagh criggad ny h-Albey|Nalbin]] ny ec [[Fwirran criggad Nerin|Nerin]]. Er y gherrid, hoshee ad cloie ayns Cloiaghyn Eddyr-ashoonagh Un-laa. Chloie Nalbin, Sostyn (goaill stiagh Bretin), as Nerin (goaill stiagh Nerin Hwoaie) ayns [[Cappan Criggad y Dowan]], as raink Sostyn tree keayrtyn gys y kione-chloie. Ta feniaghtys leeg gerrymoil ayn c'raad dy vel clubyn ass 17 coondaeghyn Sostynagh as 1 choontae Bretnagh cohirrey. Ta [[snooker]] nane jeh assphurtanyn ny Bretyn Mooar. Ta feniaghtysyn y dowan cloiet dagh blein ayns [[Sheffield]]. Ta'n spoyrt bishaghey er feie ny cruinney, lesh bishaghey mooar 'sy Çheen. Va [[tennys]] currit er bun ayns [[Birmingham]] eddyr ny bleeantyn 1859 as 1865. Ta [[The Championships, Wimbledon]] ny taghyrtyn tennys ayns [[Wimbledon, Lunnin|Wimbledon]] ayns jiass [[Lunnin]] dagh sourey as t'eh er credjal dy vel ad nyn daghyrt smoo ooashley ayns lioar imbee tennys ny cruinney. Ta'n ratçhal cabbil fuilloilagh, lesh y bun echey fo [[Çhalse II Hostyn]] myr "spoyrt ny reeaghyn", feer ennymoil harrish yn RU lesh ratçhalyn mooarey lheid as y [[Grand National]], yn [[Epsom Derby]] as [[Coorse Ratçhal Ascot#Royal Ascot|Royal Ascot]]. T'eh er credjal dy vel [[Newmarket, Suffolk|Newmarket]] ny chree ratçhal Hostyn, er bun [[Coorse Ratçhal Newmarket]]. Ta golf ny sheyoo spoyrt smoo ennoil, rere commeeys, 'syn RU as ta [[The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews]], ayns Nalbin, coorse thie yn spoyrt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/_assets/newsletters/tracking-the-field.pdf|title=Tracking the Field|format=PDF|publisher=Ipsos MORI|accessdate=2008-10-17|archivedate=2009-02-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205004856/http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/_assets/newsletters/tracking-the-field.pdf}}</ref> Ta'n [[cammag Albinagh]] (ny ''camanachd'') feer ennoil ayns [[Gaeltaght ny h-Albey]], as ta thousaneyn dy chronneyderyn ec ram cloiaghyn, chammah as ec kione-chloie yn phreeu-hournamint, y [[Cappan Camanachd]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171010105806/http://www.scottishsport.co.uk/othersports/shinty.htm Shinty] scottishsport.co.uk, feddynit magh er 2 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ta'n [[bluckaneyrys Gaelgagh]] as yn [[immanaght]] nyn sleih-ghammanyn ennoil, rere commeeys as cronneyderyn. == Cultoor == {{Ardart|Cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit – y cultoor Goaldagh – çheet magh ass [[shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] myr çheer ellanagh lhiasit, reeriaght, cummaght impiroil as, son y chooid smoo, myr unnaneys politickagh jeh kiare çheeraghyn, lesh eiraght er lheh, oashyn as cosoyley. Myr eiyrtys ny [[yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh|h-Impiraght Goaldagh]], ta cleayney Goaldagh ry-akin ayns çhengey, cultoor as corysyn leighoil ny shenn-choloinyn lheid as [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]], [[yn Austrail]], [[yn Injey]] as [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]]. === Scannaneaght === {{Ardart|Scannaneaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit cummaghtagh ayns lhiasaghey ny scannaneaght, lesh [[Ealing Studios]] gaggyrt dy vel ad nyn seyrlanyn shinney er y theihll. Faagail magh dy vel shennaghys fillmyn scanshoil as ladoosagh 'syn RU, ta'n çhynskyl cowrit lesh resoonaght veayn er yn enney echey, as cleayney ny scannaneaght Americaanagh as Oarpagh. === Lettyraght === {{ardart|Lettyraght Ghoaldagh}} [[Coadan:Shakespeare.jpg|thumb|upright|Y [[cochaslys Chandos]], as eh er credjal dy vel eh soilshaghey magh [[William Shakespeare]].]] [[Coadan:Robert burns.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Robert Burns]] - ammyssit myr [[bard ashoonagh]] ny [[Nalbin|h-Albey]]]] Ta "lettyraght Ghoaldagh" cur sheese da'n lettyraght ta kianglt lesh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, [[Mannin]] as Ellanyn Vooir Eeaght, chammah as da'n lettyraght t'er heet magh ass Sostyn, Bretin as Nalbin roish crooaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n lettyraght Ghoaldagh ayns [[Baarle]]. Tan bard as y screeudeyr cloie Sostynagh [[William Shakespeare]] ammyssit myr y dramadeyr share 'sy çhennaghys.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/537853/William-Shakespeare |title=Encyclopedia Britannica article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562101/Shakespeare.html |title=MSN Encarta Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26 |archivedate=2006-02-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209154055/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562101/Shakespeare.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Shakespeare%2c+William |title=Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26}}</ref> Ta [[Geoffrey ass Monmouth]] (12-oo eash), [[Geoffrey Chaucer]] (14-oo eash), as [[Thomas Malory]] (15-oo eash) mastey ny screeudeyryn Sostynagh s'lheah. 'Sy 18-oo eash, va [[Samuel Richardson]] treishtit lesh crooaght y noaskeeal noa-emshiragh. 'Sy 19-oo eash, haghyr noaidyn ny smoo liorish [[Jane Austin]], ny [[Brontë|shuyryn Brontë]], yn troddanagh sheshoil [[Charles Dickens]], y [[najooraghys (lettyrght)|najooree]] [[Thomas Hardy]], y bard ashlinagh [[William Blake]] as y bard romansagh [[William Wordsworth]]. Ta screeudeyryn y 20-oo eash goaill stiagh lheid as screeudeyr far-skeealyn skeeandagh [[H. G. Wells]], [[D. H. Lawrence]] arganagh, y [[noa-emshiraght|noa-emshiragh]] [[Virginia Woolf]], y noa-skeealagh faaishnagh [[George Orwell]] as y bard [[John Betjeman]]. Er y gherrid ta screeudeyr lioaryn ny far-skeealyn sheiltynys paitçhyn [[Harry Potter]] liorish [[J. K. Rowling]] aachooinaghtyn er ennoilid [[J. R. R. Tolkien]]. Ta [[lettyraght ny h-Albey|cohortys ny h-Albey]] goaill stiagh y screeudeyr cronneydagh [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], lettyraght romansagh liorish y Reejerey [[Walter Scott]] as contoyrtysyn [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]. Ta'n bard ennoil [[Robert Burns]], chammah as [[William McGonagall]] ass Nalbin myrgeddin. Er y gherrid, hug ny noa-emshiree as yn h-ashooneyderyn [[Hugh MacDiarmid]] as [[Neil M. Gunn]] mooarane da [[Aavioghey ny h-Albey]]. Ta reayrt groamagh ry-gheddyn ayns skeealyn [[Ian Rankin]] as 'sy chloie shicklaagagh aitt-grayn liorish [[Iain Banks]]. Ta preeu-valley ny h-Albey, Doon Edin, enmyssit myr kied ard-valley ny lettyraght liorish UNESCO.<ref>[http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=27852&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Edinburgh, UK appointed first UNESCO City of Literature] unesco.org, feddynit magh er 20 Luanistyn 2008</ref> 'Sy vean-eash lheah, screeu screeudeyryn Bretnagh y [[Mabinogi]]. 'Syn eash noa-emshiragh, hug ny bardyn [[R. S. Thomas]] as [[Dylan Thomas]] cultoor Vretin gys y lught eaishtagh eddyr-ashoonagh. Va cummal er screeudeyryn ass çheeraghyn elley, ass Nerin dy mynchooishagh, ny ass çheeraghyn y Cho-unnaneys, 'syn RU. Ta sampleyryn ennoil jeu goaill stiagh lheid as [[Jonathan Swift]], [[Oscar Wilde]], [[Bram Stoker]], [[George Bernard Shaw]], [[Joseph Conrad]], [[T. S. Eliot]] as [[Ezra Pound]], as er y gherrid ughtaryn Goaldagh va ruggit ass y çheer lheid as [[Kazuo Ishiguro]] as y Reejerey [[Salman Rushdie]]. Ayns theater, hug co-emshiree Shakespeare [[Christopher Marlowe]] as [[Ben Jonson]] ny smoo da. Er y gherrid ren [[Alan Ayckbourn]], [[Harold Pinter]], [[Michael Frayn]], [[Tom Stoppard]] as [[David Edgar (screeudeyr cloie)|David Edgar]] cochiangle ass elmintyn sur-rieughid, rieughid as fraueoilaght. === Kiaull === [[Coadan:The Fabs.JPG|thumb|Ta [[The Beatles]] nane jeh ny bannyn smoo scanshoil as ennoil er feie ny cruinney, lesh ny smoo na billioon recortyssyn er ny creck eu.<ref name="uktvrecording">{{cite web |first= |last= |url=http://uktv.co.uk/history/gallery/aid/601378/multipageid/5823 |title=In This Month: June |publisher=uktv |accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref>]] Ta aghtyn eigsoylagh kiaull ennoil 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, [[kiaull çheerey Hostynagh|kiaull çheerey Hostyn]], Nerin Hwoaie, Vretyn as ny h-Albey, as kiaull veain hrome ny mast'oc. Va cohortys [[Glaschu]] ayns kiaull currit er enney 'sy vlein nar v'eh enmyssit myr Ard-valley Kiaull jeh cooid ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit, as eh nane jeh tree ard-valjyn ynrican er feie ny cruinney lesh yn aundyr shen.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/7570915.stm Glasgow gets city of music honour] bbc.co.uk, feddynit magh er 20 Luanistyn 2008 </ref> Va [[The Beatles]], [[Pink Floyd]], [[Eric Clapton]], [[The Rolling Stones]], [[Status Quo]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091226090132/http://www.statusquo.co.uk/factsheet.htm Quo Facts] statusquo.co.uk, feddynit magh er 14 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> [[Slade]],<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2245820.stm Honorary award for glam rockers] BBC News, 9 Mean Fouyir, 2002 </ref> [[Led Zeppelin]], [[The Who]], [[Queen (bann)|Queen]], as [[Black Sabbath]] mastey ny cohoyrtee ayns ny 1960yn as ny 1970yn ayns lhiasaghey ny [[craa-chiaull]]. Haink kiaull veain hrome, [[craa-chiaul chraaee]], [[craa-chiaull sponk]] as [[kiaull honn noa]] ny yei myr eiyrtys. Ayns ny 1980yn leah, haink rah er bannyn kiaull Romansagh Noa Goaldagh lheid as [[Duran Duran]], [[Depeche Mode]], [[Spandau Ballet]], [[Soft Cell]] as [[Ultravox]]. Ayns ny 1990yn, va rah eddyr-ashoonagh fowit ec bannyn [[Britpop]] as kiaull [[electronica]]. Ta kiaulleyderyn Goaldagh jeianagh ayns pop-chiaull goaill stiagh [[The Smiths]], [[Oasis (bann)|Oasis]], [[Amy Winehouse]], [[Leona Lewis]], [[Coldplay]], as ny [[Spice Girls]]. Ta cummeyderyn kiaull chlassicagh ennoil ass y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as ny çheeraghyn v'ayn roish goaill stiagh [[William Byrd]], [[Henry Purcell]], y Reejerey [[Edward Elgar]], [[Gustav Holst]], y Reejerey [[Arthur Sullivan]] (kiaulleyder ard-ghooagh er son yn obbyr echey lesh y screeuder levreag, y Reejerey [[W. S. Gilbert]]) [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]], as [[Benjamin Britten]], kioneraadagh y chiaulldramey Goaldagh noa-emshiragh. === Fallsoonys === Ta enney share er y Reeriaght Unnaneysit er son y tradishoon "Treealaght Ghoaldagh", banglane jeh fallsoonys fys ta gra nagh vel fys gyn taghyrt breeoil. T'ad ny fallsoonee smoo scanshoil jeh'n tradishoon shen na [[John Locke]], [[George Berkeley]] as [[David Hume]]. Ta enney share er y Vretyn Vooar er son çhoarym fallsoonys moralagh, Vondeishaghys, as eh ymmydit da'n chied cheayrt liorish [[Jeremy Bentham]] as, ny s'anmey, liorish [[John Stuart Mill]] 'syn obbyr giare echey ''[[Utilitarianism]]''. Ta fallsoonee ard-ennymagh elley ass y Reeriaght Unnaneysit goaill stiagh [[Duns Scotus]], [[William ass Ockham]], [[Thomas Hobbes]], [[Bertrand Russell]], [[Adam Smith]] as [[Alfred Ayer]]. Ta fallsoonee quaagh as cummal orroo 'syn RU goaill stiagh [[Isaiah Berlin]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Karl Popper]], as [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]]. === Oaylleeaght, jeshaghteyrys as noaid === [[Coadan:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Y Reejerey [[Isaac Newton]]]] [[Coadan:Charles Darwin aged 51.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Charles Darwin]]]] Rug ram oaylleeyn as jeshaghteyryn as obbyr scanshoil jeant oc 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit. T'ad goaill stiagh lheid as. * Y [[fishigagh]], [[maddaghteyr]], [[Rollageydys|rollageyder]], [[Fallsoonys najooragh|fallsoonagh najooragh]], [[Far-chemmig|far-chemmicagh]] as [[Jeeaghtys|jeeaghteyr]], y Reejerey [[Isaac Newton]]. * Co-unnaneyssey [[magnaidys lectragh]], liorish [[James Clerk Maxwell]]. * Feddyn magh [[hiddragien]], liorish [[Henry Cavendish]]. * Y [[gaal-ghleashagh]], liorish [[Richard Trevithick]] as [[Andrew Vivian]]. * Y chied chorys [[çhellveeish]], liorish [[John Logie Baird]]. * Aafilley rere [[reih najooragh]], liorish [[Charles Darwin]]. * Y [[jeshaght Turing]], liorish [[Alan Turing]], bun co-earrooderyn noa-emshiragh. * Troggal [[GDN]], liorish [[Francis Crick]] as sleih elley. * Lhiasaghey [[Moggyl ny Cruinney#Bunneydys|Moggyl ny Cruinney]], currit gys lieh [[Tim Berners-Lee]]. * Feddyn magh [[penisillin]], liorish y Reejerey [[Alexander Fleming]]. * Feddyn magh y chied [[çhellvane]], liorish [[Alexander Graham Bell]]. === Ellyn reayrtagh === {{ardart|Ellyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta'n [[Colaashtey Reeoil]] soit ayns Lunnin. Ta scoillyn mooarey ellyn elley goaill stiagh [[Slade School of Fine Art|''Slade School of Fine Art'']]; ny shey scoillyn ayns [[Ollooscoill yn Ellyn Lunnin]], as ad goaill stiagh [[Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design|''Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design'']] as [[Chelsea College of Art and Design]]; [[Scoill Ellyn Ghlaschu]], as [[Goldsmiths, Ollooscoill Lunnin]]. Ta'n ventyr traghtee shoh nane jeh sheshaghtyn toshee ny Bretyn Mooar ayns ellyn reayrtagh. Ta ellyneyryn Goaldagh goaill stiagh y Reejerey [[Joshua Reynolds]], [[Thomas Gainsborough]], [[John Constable]], [[William Blake]], [[J. M. W. Turner]], [[William Morris]], [[L. S. Lowry]], [[Francis Bacon]], [[Lucian Freud]], [[David Hockney]], [[Gilbert as George]], [[Richard Hamilton (ellyneyr)|Richard Hamilton]], [[Peter Blake (ellyneyr)|Peter Blake]], [[Howard Hodgkin]], [[Antony Gormley]], as [[Anish Kapoor]]. Rish ny 1980yn as ny 1990yn, hug y [[Saatchi Gallery]] ayns Lunnin possan ellyneyryn yl-cheirdagh gys arrey yn phobble as yn ennym [[Ellyneyryn Aegey Goaldagh]] currit orroo. Tan possan shoh goaill stiagh lheid as [[Damien Hirst]], [[Chris Ofili]], [[Rachel Whiteread]], [[Tracey Emin]], [[Mark Wallinger]], [[Steve McQueen (ellyneyr)|Steve McQueen]], [[Sam Taylor-Wood]], as ny [[Jake as Dinos Chapman|Braaryn Chapman]]. == Noteyn == {{notelist}} == Imraaghyn == {{reflist}} == Kianglaghyn magh == ; Reiltys * [http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page1.asp Ynnyd-eggey oikoil y Reeriaght Ghoaldagh] ('''en''') * [http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/index.htm Ynnyd-eggey oikoil Reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit] ('''en''') * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100528055441/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-u/united-kingdom.html Toshiagh y Steat as Olteynyn ny h-Airaghtyn] ('''en''') * [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20011119164232/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Product.asp?vlnk=5703 Staydraa Lioar Vleeaney Oikoil y Reeriaght Unnaneysit] ('''en''') * [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080909013512/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 "Countries within a country"] ass [http://www.number10.gov.uk/ Ynnyd-eggey oikoil yn Ard-vinishter Goaldagh] ('''en''') ; Oayllys cadjin * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081010152137/http://dataranking.com/country.cgi?LG=e&CO=29 Oardaghey Fysserree Tarmaynagh as Sheshoil] ('''en''') * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090406224510/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/british.htm Reeriaght Unnaneysit] veih ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' ('''en''') ; Troailt * [http://www.visitbritain.com/ Stiurag Turryssagh Oikoil da'n Vretyn Vooar] ('''en''') {{-}} {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|Reeriaght Unnaneyssit}} {{Yn Europey}} {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{RCAH}} {{G8}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} [[Ronney:Reeriaght Unnaneysit| ]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn Goaldagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y G20]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Reagheydys Chonaant yn Atlantagh Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Cho-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Choonseil yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey yn RCTL]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1801]] e7u62n5kw5gltotcoilpp9v64elz52o 0 1851 359562 347080 2025-06-23T00:48:50Z MacTire02 219 aacherraghey 359562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Pobblaght y Choobey |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|República de Cuba {{small|([[Spaainish]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = y Choobey |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of Cuba.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Coat of Arms of Cuba.svg |jalloo_caslys = CUB_orthographic.svg |jarroo-raa = {{lang|es|''[[Patria o Muerte, Venceremos]]''}}<br />("Çheer Ghooie ny Baase, Yiow Shin y Varriaght!"){{lower|0.2em|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bc.gob.cu/english/cuban_bills.asp |title=Cuban Peso Bills |publisher=Ard-vanc y Choobey |year=2015 |access-date=14 Toshiaght Arree 2017 |archive-date=26 Mean Fouyir 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926193856/http://www.bc.gob.cu/English/cuban_bills.asp}}</ref>}} |arrane_ashoonagh = {{lang|es|"[[La Bayamesa]]"}}<br />{{raise|0.2em|("Arrane Bayamo"){{lower|0.2em|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mipais.cuba.cu/cat_en.php?idcat=91&idpadre=83&nivel=2 |title=National symbols |publisher=Reiltys y Choobey |access-date=7 Mean Fouyir 2009 |archive-date=15 Jerrey Geuree 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115200948/http://mipais.cuba.cu/cat_en.php?idcat=91&idpadre=83&nivel=2 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}}}<br />{{parabr}}{{center|[[Coadan:Cuban national anthem (abridged version), performed by the U.S. Navy Band.oga]]}} |arrane_reeoil = |çhengaghyn_oikoil = [[Spaainish y Choobey|Spaainish]] |çhengaghyn_ardjynagh = |preeu-valley = [[Havana]] |latd=23 |latm=08 |latNS=N |longd=82 |longm=23 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = [[Steat soshiallagh (cummynagh)|Pobblaght hoshiallagh]] un-phartee [[Marksaght–Leninaght|Varksagh–Leninagh]] unnaneagh<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 Averil 2019 |title=Constitution of Cuba |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Cuba_2019.pdf?lang=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228032123/https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Cuba_2019.pdf?lang=en |archive-date=2020-02-28 |access-date=15 Mean Souree 2023 | publisher=Çhionnal Ashoonagh y Phooar Theayagh|website=constituteproject.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/Voices/2019/10/04/New-Cuban-leadership-reflects-a-rebranding-of-Castro-dictatorship/2661570190990/ | title=New Cuban leadership reflects a rebranding of Castro dictatorship | access-date=11 Toshiaght Arree 2024 | archive-date=4 Mean Souree 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604154206/https://www.upi.com/Top_News/Voices/2019/10/04/New-Cuban-leadership-reflects-a-rebranding-of-Castro-dictatorship/2661570190990/ | url-status=live }}</ref> |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Kied Scrudeyr Phartee Cummynagh y Choobey|Kied Scrudeyr]] as [[Eaghtyrane y Choobey|Eaghtyrane]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Miguel Díaz-Canel]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = {{nowrap|[[Lhiass-eaghtyrane y Choobey|Lhiass-eaghtyrane]]}} |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Salvador Valdés Mesa]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = [[Ard-vinishter y Choobey|Ard-vinishter]] |ennym3_fer-toshee = {{nowrap|[[Manuel Marrero Cruz]]}} |eaghtyr_km2 = 110,861 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 42,803 |eaghtyr_rhenk = 105oo |ushtey_sy_cheead = |pobble_ooley = 11,394,043 |blein_ooley_pobble = 2007 |rhenk_ooley_pobble = 73oo |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 102 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 264 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = 97-oo |possanyn_kynneeagh = |blein_LTS_CCK = 2015 |LTS_CCK = $254.865 billoon<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=World Bank GDP PPP 2015, 28 Averil 2017 PDF |url=https://archive.org/details/GDPPPP1|access-date=18 Jerrey Geuree 2018}}</ref> |rhenk_LTS_CCK = |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = $22,237<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite web|title=World Bank total population of Cuba in 2015 (GDP PPP divided by Population data)|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2015&locations=CU&start=1960|access-date=18 Jerrey Geuree 2018|archive-date=11 Sauin 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111235251/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2015&locations=CU&start=1960|url-status=live}}</ref> |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = |LTS_ennymagh = {{increase}} $201.986 billoon<ref name=C>{{cite web |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/Basic |title=Basic Data Selection |publisher=Ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit |access-date=9 Mayrnt 2025|archive-date=9 Mayrnt 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250309165120/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/Basic |url-status=live }}</ref> |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = 59oo |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2023 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = {{increase}} $18,329<ref name=C/> |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = 60oo |Gini = 38.00<ref>{{cite news |title=Cuba grapples with growing inequality |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cuba-reform-inequality-idUSN1033501920080410 |access-date=21 Jerrey Souree 2013 |work=[[Reuters]] |archive-date=23 Nollick 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223074938/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-cuba-reform-inequality-idUSN1033501920080410 |url-status=live }}</ref> |blein_Gini = 2000 |rhenk_Gini = |ronney_Gini = |blein_ALD = 2023 |ALD = {{decrease}} 0.762<ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2023/24|language=en|publisher=[[Claare Lhiasaghey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]]|date=13 Mayrnt 2024|access-date=13 Mayrnt 2024|archive-date=13 Mayrnt 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> |rhenk_ALD = 97oo |ronney_ALD = <span style="color:forestgreen">ard</span> |sorçh_kiondeeaght = Neuchrogheydys |note_kiondeeaght = veih'n Spaainey as ny Steatyn Unnaneysit |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Yn Caggey Jeih Bleeaney|Fogrey-magh Neuchrogheydys]] |date1_bunnit = 10 Jerrey Fouyir 1868 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Caggey Neuchrogheydys y Choobey|Caggey yn Neuchroghedys]] |date2_bunnit = 24 Toshiaght Arree 1895 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Conaant Phaarys (1898)|Ennit]] (Currit da ny Steatyn Unnaneysit veih'n Spaainey) |date3_bunnit = 10 Nollick 1898 |taghyrt4_bunnit = [[Pobblaght y Choobey (1902–1959)|Pobblaght]] fogrit magh (Neuchrogheydys veih ny Steatyn Unnaneysit) |date4_bunnit = 20 Boaldyn 1902 |taghyrt5_bunnit = [[Bun-chaghlaa yn Choobey]] |date5_bunnit = 26 Jerrey Souree 1953 – 1 Jerrey Geuree 1959 |taghyrt6_bunnit = [[Bunraght y Choobey#Bunraght 2019|Bunraght roie]] |date6_bunnit = 10 Averil 2019 |argid = [[Peso yn Choobey]] |coad_argid = CUP |traa_ynnydagh = [[UTC−05:00|CST]] |ashchur_utc = −5 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[UTC−04:00|CDT]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = −4 |cctld = [[.cu]] |coad_çhellvane = 53 }} Ta '''Pobblaght y Choobey''' ({{lang-es|República de Cuba}}) ny çheer ellanagh 'sy [[Yn Vooir Charibagh|Vooir Charibagh]]. ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} {{Yn Americkey Hwoaie}} {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{bun}} {{Coord|22|N|80|W|type:country_region:CC|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Choobey, Yn}} [[Ronney:Yn Choobey| ]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns America Hwoaie 'sy vlein 1902]] [[Ronney:Steatyn cummynagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn America Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y Charib]] [[Ronney:Yn Bloc Hiar]] [[Ronney:Aa-choloinyn ayns America Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Aa-choloinyn Spaainagh]] [[Ronney:Ny h-Antillaghyn Mooarey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Yn Spaainey Noa]] [[Ronney:Steatyn un-phartee]] [[Ronney:Pobblaghtyn]] [[Ronney:Steatyn Beggey Ellanagh er Lhiasaghey]] [[Ronney:Coloinaghey Spaainagh ayns ny h-Americkyn]] [[Ronney:Injyn Sheear y Spaainey]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1902]] jp9c2ckzj2e7eg4h3ouo19oqcy5gilp 0 1857 359530 359488 2025-06-22T18:14:19Z MacTire02 219 enmys y chlowan 359530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ymmydcosoylagh|yn çheer 'syn Oarpey Heear Hwoaie|y çheer Valkanagh|yn Albaan}} {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Nalbin |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|Scotland {{small|([[Baarle]]/[[Baarle Albinagh]])}}<br />Alba {{small|([[Gaelg Albinagh]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = ny h-Albey |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of Scotland.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland.svg |sorçh_cowrey = Armys |jalloo_caslys = Scotland_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg |jarroo-raa = ''[[In My Defens God Me Defend]]'' <small>([[Baarle Albinagh]])</small> |arrane_ashoonagh = [[Arrane ashoonagh ny h-Albey|Eigsoylagh]], <br />"[[Flower of Scotland]]" er y chooid smoo{{parabr}}{{center|<!--[[Coadan:Cur stiagh ennym y çheean-choadan tra vees eh ry-gheddyn]]-->}} |çhengaghyn_oikoil = {{hlist|[[Baarle]]|[[Baarle Albinagh]]|[[Gaelg ny h-Albey]]|[[Çhengey Chowree Ghoaldagh]]}} |preeu-valley = [[Doon Edin]] |latd=55 |latm=57 |latNS=N |longd=3 |longm=12 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = [[Glaschu]] |sorçh_reiltys = [[Jee-veanaghey ny h-Albey|Çhionnal parlamaidagh jee-veanit]] çheusthie jeh [[monarkaght vunraghtoil|monarkaght pharlamaidagh vunraghtoil]] |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Monarkyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Monark]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Kied Hirveishagh ny h-Albey|Kied Hirveishagh]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[John Swinney]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = [[Ard-vinishteryn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]] |ennym3_fer-toshee = [[Keir Starmer]] |dateEUentreilys = |eaghtyr_km2 = 78,772 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 30,414 |eaghtyr_rhenk = |ushtey_sy_cheead = 1.9 |pobble_ooley = 5,144,200 |blein_ooley_pobble = 2007 |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 65 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 168.2 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = |quaiyl = [[Parlamaid ny Albey]] |possanyn_kynneeagh = |blein_LTS_CCK = |LTS_CCK = |rhenk_LTS_CCK = |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = |LTS_ennymagh = £218.0&nbsp;billoon |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2023 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = £39,707<ref name="Scot Gov GDP">{{cite web |title=GDP Quarterly National Accounts, Scotland: 2023 Quarter 4 (October to December) |url=https://www.gov.scot/binaries/content/documents/govscot/publications/statistics/2024/05/gdp-quarterly-national-accounts-2023-q4/documents/downloadable-publication/downloadable-publication/govscot%3Adocument/GDP%2BQNAS%2B-%2B2023%2BQ4%2B-%2BPublication.pdf |website=gov.scot |access-date=2 Sauin 2024}}</ref>{{efn|Ta ny h-earrooyn currit magh lesh Reiltys ny h-Albey goaill stiagh y çheet-stiagh ooill as gas t'er ny ghientyn çheu hoal jeh ushtaghyn thallooinagh yn RU ayns [[Ymmyr Vooarheeragh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|ard ymmyr vooarheeragh ny çheerey]].}} |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = |blein_ALD = 2022 |ALD = {{increase}} 0.933<ref name ="HDI">{{cite web |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/GBR/?years=2022 |title=Subnational HDI |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=Global Data Lab |publisher= |access-date=30 Mean Fouyir 2024}}</ref> |rhenk_ALD = |ronney_ALD = <span style="color:#090">feer ard</span> |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Shennaghys ny h-Albey|Crooaght]] |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Bun Reeriaght ny h-Albey|Bunnit]] |date1_bunnit = 9oo eash (843 dy tradishoonagh) |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Conaant Ghoon Edin–Northampton]] |date2_bunnit = 17 Mayrnt 1328 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Conaant Bearaig (1357)|Conaant Bearaig]] |date3_bunnit = 3 Jerrey Fouyir 1357<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 Jerrey Fouyir 2020 |title=The Treaty of Berwick was signed – On this day in Scottish history |url=https://www.historyscotland.com/history/the-treaty-of-berwick-was-signed-on-this-day-in-scottish-history |website=History Scotland |access-date=17 Jerrey Geuree 2021 |archive-date=5 Toshiaght Arree 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205232820/https://www.historyscotland.com/history/the-treaty-of-berwick-was-signed-on-this-day-in-scottish-history/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |taghyrt4_bunnit = [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1707|Co-unnaneyssey rish Sostyn]] |date4_bunnit = 1 Boaldyn 1707 |taghyrt5_bunnit = [[Slattys ny h-Albey 1998|Jee-veanaghey]] |date5_bunnit = 19 Sauin 1998 |argid = [[punt Sostynagh]] (£) |coad_argid = GBP |traa_ynnydagh = [[Traa Mean Greenwich|GMT]] |ashchur_utc = +0 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa Souree Goaldagh|BST]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +1 |cctld = [[.scot]]{{efn|Cha nee [[ccTLD]] eh .scot, agh [[GeoTLD]], ta foshlit dauesyn as kiangley oc rish Nalbin ny cultoor ny h-Albey. Ta [[.uk]], gollrish y chooid elley jeh'n [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]], ymmydit chammah. She [[Yn Vretyn Vooar|GB]] yn coad lesh [[ISO 3166-1]], agh cha nel [[.gb]] ymmydit.}} |coad_çhellvane = 44 |ard_noo = [[Noo Andreas]] |fo-note1 = }} Ta '''Nalbin''' ([[Baarle]] / [[Baarle Albinagh]]: ''Scotland'', [[Gaelg Albinagh]]: ''Alba'') ny çheer ta soit er y hrass my hwoaie jeh'n [[Yn Vretyn Vooar|Vretyn Vooar]]. T'ee ny cooid jeh'n [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] as t'ee çhemmit liorish [[Sostyn]] da'n jiass. T'ee çhemmit liorish [[Mooir Hostyn]] da'n shiar, [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]] da'n twoaie as da'n sheear, as [[Mooir Vannin]] as [[Ammyr ny h-Albey]] da'n sheear yiass. Chammah as y vooar-heer, ta Nalbin jeant seose jeh ny smoo na [[Rolley ellanyn ny h-Albey|790]] ellanyn, cur [[Ellanyn y Twoaie]] as [[Inshyn Goal]] 'syn earroo. Ta [[Doon Edin]], y [[preeu-valley]] as y nah valley smoo, nane jeh ny 20 ynnydyn ardgidoil smoo 'syn [[Yn Oarpey|Oarpey]]. V'eh ny chree er [[Soilsheraght ny h-Albey]] 'syn 18-oo eash, as myr eiyrtys, haink Nalbin dy ve nane jeh ny çheeraghyn smoo scanshoil ry hoi traght, inçhinaght as çhynskal. She [[Glaschu]] yn balley smoo ayns Nalbin. Va [[Reeriaght ny h-Albey]] ny steat seyr derrey [[1 Boaldyn]] [[1707]] tra ren y reiltys co-unnaneys politickoil lesh [[Reeriaght Hostyn]]. V'eh shen crooaght y [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]]. Myrane lesh [[Bretin]], she [[Ashoonyn Celtiagh|çheer Cheltiagh]] ish, as ta Gaelg ny h-Albey - çhengey gollrish [[Gaelg|Gaelg Vanninagh]] - foast ec mynlagh beg jeh'n phobble eck. ==Noteyn== {{notelist}} ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{Coord|57|-4|type:country_region:GB-SCO|display=title}} {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} [[Ronney:Nalbin| ]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn as thallooyn Celtiagh]] [[Ronney:Yn Vretyn Vooar]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn staddyssaghtoil NUTS 1 y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Reeriaght Unnaneysit rere çheer]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn hene-reiltagh]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1998]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit 'sy vlein 1998]] oc0nvoulzlrztzgkkw76qns8pc2kijw 359531 359530 2025-06-22T18:14:51Z MacTire02 219 soiaghey yn chlowan coord 359531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ymmydcosoylagh|yn çheer 'syn Oarpey Heear Hwoaie|y çheer Valkanagh|yn Albaan}} {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Nalbin |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|Scotland {{small|([[Baarle]]/[[Baarle Albinagh]])}}<br />Alba {{small|([[Gaelg Albinagh]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = ny h-Albey |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of Scotland.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland.svg |sorçh_cowrey = Armys |jalloo_caslys = Scotland_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg |jarroo-raa = ''[[In My Defens God Me Defend]]'' <small>([[Baarle Albinagh]])</small> |arrane_ashoonagh = [[Arrane ashoonagh ny h-Albey|Eigsoylagh]], <br />"[[Flower of Scotland]]" er y chooid smoo{{parabr}}{{center|<!--[[Coadan:Cur stiagh ennym y çheean-choadan tra vees eh ry-gheddyn]]-->}} |çhengaghyn_oikoil = {{hlist|[[Baarle]]|[[Baarle Albinagh]]|[[Gaelg ny h-Albey]]|[[Çhengey Chowree Ghoaldagh]]}} |preeu-valley = [[Doon Edin]] |latd=55 |latm=57 |latNS=N |longd=3 |longm=12 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = [[Glaschu]] |sorçh_reiltys = [[Jee-veanaghey ny h-Albey|Çhionnal parlamaidagh jee-veanit]] çheusthie jeh [[monarkaght vunraghtoil|monarkaght pharlamaidagh vunraghtoil]] |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Monarkyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Monark]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Kied Hirveishagh ny h-Albey|Kied Hirveishagh]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[John Swinney]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = [[Ard-vinishteryn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]] |ennym3_fer-toshee = [[Keir Starmer]] |dateEUentreilys = |eaghtyr_km2 = 78,772 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 30,414 |eaghtyr_rhenk = |ushtey_sy_cheead = 1.9 |pobble_ooley = 5,144,200 |blein_ooley_pobble = 2007 |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 65 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 168.2 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = |quaiyl = [[Parlamaid ny Albey]] |possanyn_kynneeagh = |blein_LTS_CCK = |LTS_CCK = |rhenk_LTS_CCK = |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = |LTS_ennymagh = £218.0&nbsp;billoon |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2023 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = £39,707<ref name="Scot Gov GDP">{{cite web |title=GDP Quarterly National Accounts, Scotland: 2023 Quarter 4 (October to December) |url=https://www.gov.scot/binaries/content/documents/govscot/publications/statistics/2024/05/gdp-quarterly-national-accounts-2023-q4/documents/downloadable-publication/downloadable-publication/govscot%3Adocument/GDP%2BQNAS%2B-%2B2023%2BQ4%2B-%2BPublication.pdf |website=gov.scot |access-date=2 Sauin 2024}}</ref>{{efn|Ta ny h-earrooyn currit magh lesh Reiltys ny h-Albey goaill stiagh y çheet-stiagh ooill as gas t'er ny ghientyn çheu hoal jeh ushtaghyn thallooinagh yn RU ayns [[Ymmyr Vooarheeragh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|ard ymmyr vooarheeragh ny çheerey]].}} |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = |blein_ALD = 2022 |ALD = {{increase}} 0.933<ref name ="HDI">{{cite web |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/GBR/?years=2022 |title=Subnational HDI |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=Global Data Lab |publisher= |access-date=30 Mean Fouyir 2024}}</ref> |rhenk_ALD = |ronney_ALD = <span style="color:#090">feer ard</span> |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Shennaghys ny h-Albey|Crooaght]] |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Bun Reeriaght ny h-Albey|Bunnit]] |date1_bunnit = 9oo eash (843 dy tradishoonagh) |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Conaant Ghoon Edin–Northampton]] |date2_bunnit = 17 Mayrnt 1328 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Conaant Bearaig (1357)|Conaant Bearaig]] |date3_bunnit = 3 Jerrey Fouyir 1357<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 Jerrey Fouyir 2020 |title=The Treaty of Berwick was signed – On this day in Scottish history |url=https://www.historyscotland.com/history/the-treaty-of-berwick-was-signed-on-this-day-in-scottish-history |website=History Scotland |access-date=17 Jerrey Geuree 2021 |archive-date=5 Toshiaght Arree 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205232820/https://www.historyscotland.com/history/the-treaty-of-berwick-was-signed-on-this-day-in-scottish-history/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |taghyrt4_bunnit = [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1707|Co-unnaneyssey rish Sostyn]] |date4_bunnit = 1 Boaldyn 1707 |taghyrt5_bunnit = [[Slattys ny h-Albey 1998|Jee-veanaghey]] |date5_bunnit = 19 Sauin 1998 |argid = [[punt Sostynagh]] (£) |coad_argid = GBP |traa_ynnydagh = [[Traa Mean Greenwich|GMT]] |ashchur_utc = +0 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa Souree Goaldagh|BST]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +1 |cctld = [[.scot]]{{efn|Cha nee [[ccTLD]] eh .scot, agh [[GeoTLD]], ta foshlit dauesyn as kiangley oc rish Nalbin ny cultoor ny h-Albey. Ta [[.uk]], gollrish y chooid elley jeh'n [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]], ymmydit chammah. She [[Yn Vretyn Vooar|GB]] yn coad lesh [[ISO 3166-1]], agh cha nel [[.gb]] ymmydit.}} |coad_çhellvane = 44 |ard_noo = [[Noo Andreas]] |fo-note1 = }} Ta '''Nalbin''' ([[Baarle]] / [[Baarle Albinagh]]: ''Scotland'', [[Gaelg Albinagh]]: ''Alba'') ny çheer ta soit er y hrass my hwoaie jeh'n [[Yn Vretyn Vooar|Vretyn Vooar]]. T'ee ny cooid jeh'n [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] as t'ee çhemmit liorish [[Sostyn]] da'n jiass. T'ee çhemmit liorish [[Mooir Hostyn]] da'n shiar, [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]] da'n twoaie as da'n sheear, as [[Mooir Vannin]] as [[Ammyr ny h-Albey]] da'n sheear yiass. Chammah as y vooar-heer, ta Nalbin jeant seose jeh ny smoo na [[Rolley ellanyn ny h-Albey|790]] ellanyn, cur [[Ellanyn y Twoaie]] as [[Inshyn Goal]] 'syn earroo. Ta [[Doon Edin]], y [[preeu-valley]] as y nah valley smoo, nane jeh ny 20 ynnydyn ardgidoil smoo 'syn [[Yn Oarpey|Oarpey]]. V'eh ny chree er [[Soilsheraght ny h-Albey]] 'syn 18-oo eash, as myr eiyrtys, haink Nalbin dy ve nane jeh ny çheeraghyn smoo scanshoil ry hoi traght, inçhinaght as çhynskal. She [[Glaschu]] yn balley smoo ayns Nalbin. Va [[Reeriaght ny h-Albey]] ny steat seyr derrey [[1 Boaldyn]] [[1707]] tra ren y reiltys co-unnaneys politickoil lesh [[Reeriaght Hostyn]]. V'eh shen crooaght y [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]]. Myrane lesh [[Bretin]], she [[Ashoonyn Celtiagh|çheer Cheltiagh]] ish, as ta Gaelg ny h-Albey - çhengey gollrish [[Gaelg|Gaelg Vanninagh]] - foast ec mynlagh beg jeh'n phobble eck. ==Noteyn== {{notelist}} ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{Coord|57|-4|type:country_region:GB-SCO|display=title}} [[Ronney:Nalbin| ]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn as thallooyn Celtiagh]] [[Ronney:Yn Vretyn Vooar]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn staddyssaghtoil NUTS 1 y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Reeriaght Unnaneysit rere çheer]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn hene-reiltagh]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1998]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit 'sy vlein 1998]] iqs8t1b8gpa5ecm3zae50cq2iome47w 0 1866 359532 359489 2025-06-22T18:15:22Z MacTire02 219 enmys y chlowan 359532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Bretyn |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|Wales {{small|([[Baarle]])}}<br />Cymru {{small|([[Bretnish]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = Vretyn |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of Wales (1959–present).svg |jalloo_cleinney = Royal Badge of Wales (2008).svg |jalloo_caslys = Wales_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg |jarroo-raa = |arrane_ashoonagh = de facto;<ref>{{cite web |title=BBC Wales – Music – National Anthem – The background to Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/music/sites/anthem/pages/anthem-background.shtml |website=www.bbc.co.uk |access-date=27 Averil 2024}}</ref> <Br/> "{{lang|cy|[[Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau]]}}"<br /> ("Thalloo nyn Ayraghyn Ain"){{parabr}}{{center|[[File:Hen Wlad fy Nhadau piano.ogg]]}} |çhengaghyn_oikoil = {{hlist|[[Baarle]]|[[Baarle]]}} |preeu-valley = [[Cayr Deeth]] |latd=51 |latm=29 |latNS=N |longd=3 |longm=11 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = [[Jee-veanaghey Vretyn|Çhionnal parlamaidagh jee-veanit]] çheusthie jeh [[monarkaght vunraghtoil|monarkaght pharlamaidagh vunraghtoil]] |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Monarkyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Monark]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Kied Hirveishagh Vretyn|Kied Hirveishagh]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Eluned Morgan]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = [[Ard-vinishteryn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]] |ennym3_fer-toshee = [[Keir Starmer]] |dateEUentreilys = |eaghtyr_km2 = 20,779 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 8,022 |eaghtyr_rhenk = |ushtey_sy_cheead = |pobble_ooley = 3,004,600 |blein_ooley_pobble = 2008 |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 140 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 361 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = |quaiyl = [[Parlamaid Vretyn]] |blein_LTS_CCK = |LTS_CCK = |rhenk_LTS_CCK = |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = |LTS_ennymagh = £85.4&nbsp;billoon |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2022 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = £27,274<ref name="ONS GDP">{{Cite web |title=Regional gross domestic product: all ITL regions |date=24 Averil 2024 |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/datasets/regionalgrossdomesticproductallnutslevelregions |access-date=15 Boaldyn 2024 |website=Office for National Statistics}}</ref> |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = |blein_ALD = 2022 |ALD = {{increase}} 0.910<ref name ="HDI">{{cite web |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/GBR/?years=2022 |title=Subnational HDI |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=Global Data Lab |publisher= |access-date=30 Mean Fouyir 2024}}</ref> |rhenk_ALD = |ronney_ALD = <span style="color:#090">feer ard</span> |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Shennaghys Vretyn|Crooaght]] |taghyrt1_bunnit = Co-unnaneysit lesh [[Gruffudd ap Llywelyn]] |date1_bunnit = 1057<ref name="Wales Hist 100">Davies (1994) dg. 100</ref> |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Slattys Rhuddlan]] |date2_bunnit = 3 Mayrnt 1284<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100419253|title=Statute of Rhuddlan| publisher=Oxford Reference|access-date=26 Jerrey Souree 2014}}</ref> |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Slattyssyn ny Leighyn ayns Bretyn 1535 as 1542]] |date3_bunnit = 1543<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/aep/Hen8/27/26/contents|title=Laws in Wales Act 1535 (repealed 21.12.1993)|publisher=legislation.gov.uk|access-date=26 Jerrey Souree 2014}}</ref> |taghyrt4_bunnit = [[Slattys y Vretnish 1967]] |date4_bunnit = 27 Jerrey Souree 1967<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1967/66/contents/enacted|title=Welsh Language Act| publisher=legislation.gov.uk|access-date=11 Mean Fouyir 2022 }}</ref> |taghyrt5_bunnit = [[Slattys Reiltys Vretyn 1998|Jee-veanaghey]] |date5_bunnit = 1 Jerrey Souree 1999{{efn|Y date tra va ny pooaraghyn scughit dys y [[Parlamaid Vretyn|Çhionnal Ashoonagh]]}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/38/contents|title=Government of Wales Act 1998| publisher=legislation.gov.uk|access-date=26 Jerrey Souree 2014 }}</ref> |argid = [[punt Sostynagh]] (£) |coad_argid = GBP |traa_ynnydagh = [[Traa Mean Greenwich|GMT]] |ashchur_utc = +0 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa Houree Ghoaldagh|BST]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +1 |cctld = [[.wales]] [[.cymru]]{{efn|Cha nee [[ccTLD]] ad .wales as .cymru, agh [[GeoTLD]], ta foshlit dauesyn ta kianglt rish Bretyn ny cultoor Vretyn. Myr ayrn jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit, ta [[.uk]] ymmydit chammah. She [[Yn Vretyn Vooar|GB]] yn coad lesh [[ISO 3166-1]] agh cha nel [[.gb]] ymmydit.}} |coad_çhellvane = 44 |ard_noo = [[Noo Davy]] }} Ta '''Bretyn''' ([[Bretnish]]: ''Cymru'', [[Baarle]]: ''Wales'') ny çheer 'sy [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]]. T'ee çhemmit liorish [[Sostyn]] da'n sheear, [[Mooir Vannin]] da'n twoaie as da'n sheear hwoaie, [[Mooir Vretyn]] da'n sheear, [[yn Vooir Cheltiagh|y Vooir Cheltiagh]] da'n sheear yiass as [[Keyllys Vristol]] da'n jiass. Ta ny smoo na 3 millioonyn cummaltee aynjee as ish ny çheer ghaa-hengagh. Ta Bretyn ny [[Ashoonyn Celtiagh|çheer Cheltiagh]], gollrish [[Mannin]], [[Nalbin]], [[Nerin]], [[Yn Chorn|y Chorn]], as [[Yn Vritaan (çheer)|y Vritaan]]. She [[Cayr Deeth]] [[preeu-valley]] ny çheerey lesh ny smoo na 300,000 cummaltee. Ta [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]], bunnit 'sy vlein 1999, ny soie ayns Cayr Deeth. == Çheer-oaylleeaght == {{ardart|Çheer-oaylleeaght Vretin}} [[Coadan:Snowdon from Llyn Llydaw.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Mullagh [[yr Wyddfa]], [[Gwynedd]], y slieau s'yrjey ayns Bretyn]] Ta Bretyn ny soie er lieh-innys ayns sheear ny [[Yn Vretyn Vooar|Bretyn Mooar Meanagh]]. Ta'n çheer mygeayrt 20,779 km² (8,023 mi ker) er eaghtyr. T'ee 274 km er lhiurid veih'n twoaie da'n jiass as 97 km er lheead veih'n shiar da'n sheear. Ta Bretyn çhemmit liorish [[Sostyn]] da'n shiar as lesh y vooir da'n twoaie, da'n sheear as da'n jiass. 'Sy clane, ta ny smoo na 1,200 km oirr ny marrey eck. Ta shiartanse ellanyn magh ass coose Vretin, as she [[Ynnys Moan]] (Ynys Môn) yn ellan smoo eck. Ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n phobble as ny h-ynnydyn çhynskylagh soit ayns [[Jiass Vretin]], as ee cur ny baljyn [[Cayr Deeth]], [[Abertawe]] as [[Casnewydd]] 'syn earroo. Ta ram cummaltee ayns shiar hwoaie ny çheerey mygeayrt [[Wrecsam]] myrgeddin. Çheer sleitagh t'ayns Bretyn, ny h-ardjyn twoaie as meanagh er lheh. Va ny sleityn cummit rish [[yn Eash Rioee]] jerrinagh. Ta ny sleityn s'yrjey soit ayns [[Eryri]] as t'ad goaill [[yr Wyddfa]], as eh 1,085 m er yrjid, 'syn earroo. Ta ny [[Bannau Brycheiniog]] soit ayns jiass ny çheerey as t'ad kianglt rish [[ny Sleityn Cymragh]] ayns Bretyn Veanagh. == Shennaghys == <!-- çhyndaait ass y Vretnish--> {{ardart|Shennaghys Vretin}} Haink [[Jool Kaesar]] dys Bretyn ayns Mee Luanistyn 55 BNJ, agh cha ghow ad y çheer rish ny smoo na keead. Clein Vretin, v’ad ny [[Siluree]] ayns Bretyn Yiass as ny [[Ordovicee]] ayns Bretyn Hwoaie. Ren ny Rauee troggal straih dy chashtalyn tessen Bretyn Yiass, goaill stiagh [[Caerllion]] (''Isca''), raad ta preaban caggee share er mayrn ayns Bretyn Vooar ry-akin. Ayns y hwoaie, ta shenn arrane ''[[Breuddwyd Macsen Wledig]]'' ginsh skeeal [[Macsen Wledig]], mastey ny h-ard-reeaghyn heear s’jerree, ren poosey Helen ferch hoshiagh Bretnagh jeh [[Caernarfon]] (''Segontium''). Cha nod ny h-[[Anglo-Sostnee]] goaill Bretyn, ga dy ren ad brishey’n kiangley eddyr Bretyn as yn [[Hen Ogledd]] erreish da [[Caggey yn Çhaayr]] ayns 615 BNJ. Ren [[Offa]], ree [[Mercia|Vercia]], troggal boalley mooar thallooin rish y chreeagh eddyr y reeriaght echey as Bretyn. Ta kuse dy [[Boalley Offa|Voalley Offa]] ry-akin ayns shoh foast. Hannee Bretyn ny çheer chreestee erreish da ny clein paganagh Teutonagh (ny Sostnee) goaill Sostyn. Hie [[Noo Davy]] er pirgrin dys Raue ‘sy 6oo eash, as dobbree eh myr Aspick ayns Bretyn foddey roish da [[Noo Augusteen jeh Canterbury]] cur bun er aspickys [[Canterbury|Chaergaint]] (Canterbury). Ny yei shen, cha daink lesh yn eab Creestiaght y skeaylley, foddee er coontey noidys eddyr y ghaa chynney. Reeaghyn Vretin gollrish [[Rhodri Mawr]] as [[Llywelyn ap Gruffudd]], v’ad lajer ny kioot dy liooar dy ‘reayll y seyrsnys oc. [[Coadan:LlywelynFawr.jpg|150px|thumb|Llywelyn Fawr]] Ec jerrey ny 1060yn, haink ny [[Normanee]] dys Bretyn, as ren shen caghlaa politickaght y heer. Hrod çhiarnyn Normanagh [[Y Mers]] (Baarle: The Marches) eddyr Bretyn as Sostyn. Dobbyr da Bretyn goll fo haart, agh haink lesh [[Gruffudd ap Cynan]] as [[Owain Gwynedd]] shen y lhiettal, ga dy ren Normanee soie ayns arnyn j’ee. Haink lesh [[Llywelyn Fawr]] unnaneysey Bretyn, obbyr va currit er bun liorish e ayr hene [[Llywelyn ap Gruffudd]], as haink eh dy ve y chied [[Prinse Vretin]]. Agh daarlee reeaghyn Hostyn dy hoie er Bretyn car yn eash. Ayns 1282, hooar [[Llywelyn Ein Llyw Olaf]] baase ayns skirmish faggys da [[Cilmeri]], as eshyn prinse neuchrogheydagh s'jerree Vretin. Ghreim ersooyl [[Edward I Hostyn]] y reeriaght v'echey. Hrog Edward cashtallyn mooarey son dy 'reayll Bretyn fo'n cummaght echey - she [[Cashtal Rhuddlan|Rhuddlan]], [[Cashtal Conwy|Conwy]], [[Cashtal Caernarfon|Caernarfon]], [[Cashtal Biwmares|Biwmares]], as [[Cashtal Harlech|Harlech]] ny fir share er enney. Dirree magh ny Bretnee reesht as reesht noi reiltys ny Sostnee, eddyr jerrey y [[13oo eash]] as jerrey y [[15oo eash]]; myr sampleyr, fo [[Madog ap Llywelyn]] (1294-96) as [[Llywelyn Bren]] (1316). V'ad jerkal [[Owain Lawgoch]] dy heet erash as heyrey ad ayns ny 1370yn. Dirree [[Owain Glyndŵr]] ayns 1400, as hie eh er enmys myr Prinse Vretin, agh lheie ersooyl yn irree magh beggan er veggan lesh reeaghyn Hostyn aahickyraghey yn pooar oc 'sy çheer. Car rheynn vooar jeh cooid elley y [[15oo eash]], va laue ec Bretyn ayns [[Caggaghyn ny Roseyn]], as ny [[Lancasteree (Tiuderagh)|Lancasteree]] as ny [[Yorkee (Tiuderagh)|Yorkee]] ratçhal er son kioneys ayns Sostyn. Agh dyn y wooise da'n neuhassooaght, vlaagh cultoor Vretin fel y keead roish shoh, as y Tradishoon Bardagh er lheh, lesh [[Bardyn ny Fir Oasle]] fo gedjaghys ny h-ooashlaght. Fir jeusyn, shen [[Inry Tiuder]], neear [[Siaspar Tiuder]] (''Jasper Tiuder'' 'sy Vaarle), as eshyn jeh sliught [[Ednyfed Fychan]], [[shennskyl]] (''distain'') [[Llywelyn Fawr]]. Ayns [[1485]], haink es 'sy thalloo ayns [[Sir Benfro]] marish possan caggee dy [[Frangee]]. Haglym shiartanse dy Vretnee marish, as ghow ad barriaght er [[Rickad III Hostyn]] ec 22 Luanistyn 1485 ayns [[Caggey Vosworth|Magher Vosworth]]. Haree stayd Vretyn rish tammylt. Ny leighyn va ny Sostnee er chur urree ec toshiaght yn eash, hie ad er tayrn er ash. Hug lesh mac Inry, [[Inry VIII Hostyn|Inry VIII]] stiagh [[Ny Leighyn Unnaneysey 1536 as 1543|ny Leighyn Unnaneysey]]. Hug adsyn Bretyn fo'n chorys leighagh cheddin as v'ayns Sostyn, agh ec y traa cheddin, harmestee eh Bretnish magh ass bea reiltagh ny çheerey: cha nod ad jannoo obbyr reiltagh erbee agh 'sy Vaarle. Rish keead ny ghaa, haink y çheer [[Yn Agglish Raueagh|chatoleagh]] y ve ny çheer [[Yn Agglish Phrotestoonagh|phrotestoonagh]]. D'aavioghee craueeaght 'sy çheer, goaill stiagh [[yn Eash Aaruggyr]] as y [[Bible|Vible Vretnish]], agh vaarlee ny fir oasle beggan er veggan, as daase skort eddyr stiureyderyn heshaght as ny theay. Un eiyrt jeh'n anchaslys shen, shen y ghleashaght chrauee [[Anchochredjue|anchochreduagh]] ren skeaylley dy tappee 'sy [[17oo eash]] as [[18oo eash]]. Ghow Bretyn toshiaght çheet y ve ny çheer çhynskylagh, as rish jerrey'n 18oo eash va baljyn çhynskylagh, quarralyn as meainyn geayll nyn gowraghyn baghtal er fud ny çheerey. Skeayll [[lettyraght]] as ghow toshiaght [[cloudeyrys]] ayns Bretyn. Vooadee yn aggyrt er son [[jee-vunnaghey]] yn Agglish ayns Bretyn as er son [[hene-reiltys]], as rish jerrey'n [[19oo eash]] va'n ghleashaght [[Cymru Fydd]] ec yn eer-vullagh eck. Bee cronney mestit ec y çheer car y [[20oo eash]], agh dyn y wooise da'n [[yn Chied Caggey Dowanagh|Chied Caggey Dowanagh]], [[Goll Ergooyl Mooar]] ny [[1930yn]], [[yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]] as foudaghey çhengagh ny [[1970yn]] as [[1980yn]], ta [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin|Çhionnal Ashoonagh]] ec Bretyn jiu, as t'eh jeeaghyn dy vel cronney Vretnish ny smoo gialdynagh na v'ad jerkal keead er-dy-henney. ==Noteyn== {{notelist}} == Imraaghyn == {{reflist}} == Kianglaghyn magh == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080820032137/http://www.wales.gov.uk/ Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin] * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/ BBC Wales] * [http://www.visitwales.com VisitWales.com] Stiurag eddyr-ashoonagh oikoil ry hoi buill oastys as jannooyn ayns Bretyn. * [http://www.visitwales.co.uk/ VisitWales.co.uk] Stiurag oikoil yn RU ry hoi buill oastys as jannooyn ayns Bretyn. * [http://www.welshicons.org.uk/ Welsh Icons - Mychione Bretyn as dagh nhee Bretnagh] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080907221849/http://www.ryder-cup-wales.co.uk/ Ryder Cup 2010] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090613040618/http://www.virtualcarmarthen.co.uk/ Balley shendeeagh Caerfyrddin] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070620231938/http://www.llywelyn.co.uk/ Llywelyn] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170530015725/http://www.walescymru.com/ WalesCymru.com] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140413214449/http://www.100welshheroes.com/en/homepage 100 Feniee Vretnagh] * [http://www.castlewales.com Cashtallyn as shennaghys Vretin] * [http://www.castles99.ukprint.com Shennaghys mean-eashagh Vretin] * [http://www.whatsonwales.co.uk Cre ta ersooyl ayns Bretyn] {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{Coord|52.3|-3.8|type:country_region:GB-WLS|display=title}} [[Ronney:Bretyn| ]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn as thallooyn Celtiagh]] [[Ronney:Yn Vretyn Vooar]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn staddyssaghtoil NUTS 1 y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Reeriaght Unnaneysit rere çheer]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn hene-reiltagh]] qubp25pumiwqocegh6mvadpyvscqn01 0 1868 359533 318019 2025-06-22T18:17:27Z MacTire02 219 aght y chishtey fys, caghlaa enmys clowan ec bun y duillag, cur stiagh GE, +meer kianglaghyn magh 359533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Sostyn |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|England {{small|([[Baarle]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = Hostyn |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of England.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Royal Arms of England (1198-1340).svg |jalloo_caslys = Map_of_England_within_the_United_Kingdom.png |jarroo-raa = ''[[Dieu et mon droit]]'' <small>([[Frangish]])<br />"Jee as my chiart"</small> |arrane_ashoonagh = Cha nel arrane ashoonagh ayns Sostyn. She ''[[God Save the King]]'' arrane ashoonagh y [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]]. Jeeagh er [[Arrane ashoonagh Hostyn]] son tooilley fysseree. |çhengaghyn_oikoil = [[Baarle]]¹ |preeu-valley = [[Lunnin]] |latd=51 |latm=30 |latNS=N |longd=0 |longm=7 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = [[Reeriaght vunraghtoil]] |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Reeghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Benrein]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Runi Sunak]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = |ennym3_fer-toshee = |dateEUentreilys = |eaghtyr_km2 = 130,396 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 50,346 |eaghtyr_rhenk = |ushtey_sy_cheead = |pobble_ooley = 50,762,900² |blein_ooley_pobble = 2006 |pobble_coontey = 49,138,831 |blein_coontey_pobble = 2001 |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 388.7 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 976 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = |quaiyl = [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneyssit as Nerin Hwoaie]] |possanyn_kynneeagh = Fir bane: 90%<br />Aishanagh Yiass: 5.3%<br />Fir gorrym: 2.7%<br />Mestit: 1.6%<br />Sheenagh: 0.7%<br />Elley:0.6% |blein_LTS_CCK = 2006 |LTS_CCK = $1.9 trillioon |rhenk_LTS_CCK = |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = $38,000 |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = |LTS_ennymagh = $3.4 trillioon (2022) |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2006 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = $44,000 |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = |blein_ALD = 2006 |ALD = {{bishaghey}} 0.940 |rhenk_ALD = |ronney_ALD = <span style="color:#090">ard</span> |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Shennaghys Hostyn|Co-unnaneys]] |note_kiondeeaght = |taghyrt1_bunnit = liorish [[Athelstan]] |date1_bunnit = [[927]] |taghyrt2_bunnit = |date2_bunnit = |taghyrt3_bunnit = |date3_bunnit = |taghyrt4_bunnit = |date4_bunnit = |argid = [[punt Sostynagh]] (£) |coad_argid = GBP |traa_ynnydagh = [[Traa Mean Ghreenwich|GMT]] |ashchur_utc = +0 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa Souree Goaldagh|BST]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +1 |cctld = [[.uk]]³ |coad_çhellvane = 44 |ard_noo = [[Noo Shorys]] |fo-note1 = Ta [[Baarle]] ymmydit myr çhengey oikoil''de facto''. Ta'n [[Cornish|Chornish]] currit er enney myr [[çhengey ardjynagh]] ny [[çhengey vynlagh|vynlagh]] fo [[Kaart ny h-Oarpey ry hoi Çhengaghyn Ardjynagh ny Mynlagh]]. |fo-note2 = [http://www.gad.gov.uk/Publications/docs/National_population_projections_2004_based_report.pdf Tilgaghyn earroo yn phobble ashoonagh (PDF)] ass [[Oik ny Staydraa Ashoonagh]]. |fo-note3 = Ta [[.eu]] ymmydit myrgeddin, myrane lesh çheeraghyn elley [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]]. She [[Yn Vretyn Vooar|GB]] yn [[ISO-3166-1]], agh cha nel [[.gb]] ymmydit. }} Ta '''Sostyn''' ({{ASE-keintagh|ˈsɑsən̪}} ny {{ASE|[[WP:ASE|<nowiki>[</nowiki>ˈsɑst̪ən̪<nowiki>]</nowiki>]]}}; [[Baarle]]: ''England'') ny çheer as ny cooid jeh'n [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]]. T'ee çhemmit liorish [[Nalbin]] da'n twoaie as liorish [[Bretin]] da'n sheear. T'ee çhemmit myrgeddin liorish [[Mooir Hostyn]] da'n shiar, [[Mooir Vannin]] da'n sheear hwoaie, [[Yn Vooir Cheltiagh|y Vooir Cheltiagh]] as [[Keyllys Vristol]] da'n sheear yiass, as [[Mooir yn Eeaght]] da'n jiass. She [[Lunnin]] [[preeu-valley]] Hostyn, as t'eh ny chryss baljagh smoo ayns y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as nane jeh ny baljyn smoo 'syn [[Yn Oarpey|Oarpey]]. Rere ooley-pobble ny bleeaney 2006 va ny smoo na 50 millioonyn cummaltee 'sy çheer. ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{commonscat|England|Sostyn}} {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} [[Ronney:Sostyn| ]] [[Ronney:Reeriaght Unnaneysit| ]] [[Ronney:Yn Vretyn Vooar| ]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Yn Oarpey Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Yn Oarpey Heear]] {{bun}} h90d1nmohnf6f0t0is4rgl48o5ygdit 0 2299 359575 348209 2025-06-23T01:56:21Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 359575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | ennym = Ysbal I | boayl_ruggyr = [[Madrigal de las Altas Torres]], Ávila, y Chashteel | boayl_baaish = [[Medina del Campo]], Valladolid, y Chashteel | date_baaish = {{date baaish as eash|df=y|1504|11|26|1451|4|22}} }} Va '''Ysbal I ny Cashteel''' ([[Spaainish]]: ''Isabel I'') ([[Madrigal de las Altas Torres]], [[Ávila (queiggey)|Ávila]], 22 Averil, 1451 – 26 Sauin, 1504 ayns [[Medina del Campo]], [[Valladolid (queiggey)|Valladolid]]) ny [[Reeaghyn ny Cashteel|benrein er y Chashteel as León]]. ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Commons category|Isabella of Castile|Ysbal y Chashteel}} * [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08177a.htm Ysbal I 'sy ''Catholic Encyclopedia''] {{S-start}} {{S-hou|[[Reeraghtys Trastámara]]|22 Averil|1451|26 Sauin|1504}} {{S-reg|}} {{S-bef|before=[[Inry IV y Chashteel|Inry IV]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Rolley monarkyn y Chashteel|Benrein reiree yn Chashteel]], [[Rolley monarkyn León|León]], [[Reeriaght Toledo (Crooin y Chashteel)|Toledo]], y [[Reeriaght y Ghaleesh|Ghaleesh]], [[Reeriaght Sevilla|Sevilla]], [[Reeriaght Córdoba|Córdoba]], [[Reeriaght Murcia|Murcia]], [[Reeriaght Jaén|Jaén]], [[Algeciras]] as [[Reeriaght Ghibraaltar|Ghibraaltar]]| years=1474–1504|regent1=[[Fernando II Aragón|Fernando V]]|years1=1475–1504}} {{S-aft|rows=2|after=[[Jonee yn Chashteel|Jonee]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[Muhammad XII Granada|Muhammad XII]]| as = Sultan}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Reeriaght Granada (Crooint y Chashteel)|Benrein reiree yn Chashteel]]| years=1492–1504|regent1=[[Fernando II Aragón|Fernando V]]}} {{S-roy|es}} {{s-break}} {{S-vac|rows=2|last=[[Juana Enríquez]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Rolley sheshaghyn reeoil y Çhissyl|Benrein heshee yn Çhissyl]]|years=1469–1504}} {{S-vac|rows=3|next=[[Germaine de Foix]]}} {{s-break}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Rolley sheshaghyn reeoil Aragón|Benrein heshee Aragón]]|years=1479–1504}} {{s-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[Onnee yn Vritaan]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Rolley sheshaghyn reeoil Napoli|Benrein heshee Napoli]]|years=1504}} {{S-reg|es}} {{S-bef|before=[[Infante Alfonso yn Chashteel|Alfonso]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Prinse yn Astoor|Ben-phrinse yn Astoor]]|years=1468–1474}} {{S-aft|after=[[Ysbal, Ben-phrinse yn Astoor (1470–1498)|Ysbal]]}} {{s-break}} {{s-pre}} {{S-bef|before=[[Inry IV y Chashteel|Inry IV]]}} {{s-tul|title=[[Reeriaght Algarve|Benrein heshee Algarve]]| years=1474–1504}} {{s-aft|after=[[Jonee yn Chashteel|Jonee]]}} {{S-end}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ysbal 01 y Chashteel}} [[Ronney:Ysbal I y Chashteel| ]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1451]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1504]] [[Ronney:Monarkyn Cashteelagh]] [[Ronney:Noi-Ewnaghys 'sy Spaainey]] [[Ronney:Benreinyn sheshee Aragón]] [[Ronney:Infantas Cashteelagh]] [[Ronney:Shennaghys y Chatoleaghys 'sy Spaainey]] [[Ronney:Reeraghtys Trastámara]] [[Ronney:Benreinyn sheshee Majorcan]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Queiggey Ávila]] [[Ronney:Prinsyn yn Astoor]] [[Ronney:Benreinyn reiree 'syn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Oardyr Ysbal y Chatoleagh]] [[Ronney:Sheshaghyn reeoil Napoli]] [[Ronney:Sheshaghyn reeoil y Çhissyl]] [[Ronney:Ard-vrialtys Spaainagh]] [[Ronney:Catolee Raueagh Spaainagh]] [[Ronney:Spaainee jeh sluight Sostynagh]] [[Ronney:Spaainee jeh sluight Portiugagh]] [[Ronney:Spaainee yn Aaruggyr]] [[Ronney:Sharvaantyn Spaainagh Yee]] [[Ronney:Nooghyn reeoil Catoleagh Raueagh]] [[Ronney:Creestee arrymit]] [[Ronney:Ronsaghey magh Spaainagh car yn Eash Chronnee]] [[Ronney:Moiraghyn lesh monarkyn Aragón]] [[Ronney:Moiraghyn lesh monarkyn Naaplagh]] [[Ronney:Moiraghyn lesh monarkyn Shisslagh]] [[Ronney:Moiraghyn lesh monarkyn Nafarroagh]] j13mxjn6xq7k5yqs0afmne8l1n3ypfe 0 2342 359534 359094 2025-06-22T18:18:28Z MacTire02 219 enmys y chlowan 359534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Akrotiri as Dhekelia |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|Akrotiri and Dhekelia {{small|([[Baarle]])}}<br/>Ακρωτήρι και Δεκέλεια {{small|([[Greagish]])<br/>{{transliteration|el|Akrotiri kai Dekeleia}}}}<br/>Ağrotur ve Dikelya {{small|([[Turkish]])}}<hr/>The Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia}} |ennym_gienneydagh = Akrotiri as Dhekelia |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (HM Government).svg |sorçh_cowrey = Armys |jalloo_caslys = Cyprus SBAsInRed.png |arrane_ashoonagh = "[[God Save the King]]" |çhengaghyn_oikoil = {{hlist|[[Baarle]]|[[Greagish]]}} |preeu-valley = [[Cantoonys Episkopi]] |latd=34 |latm=40 |latNS=N |longd=32 |longm=51 |longEW=E |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Hiar |enmys1_fer-toshee = Reireyder |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Mike Wigston]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 254 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 98 |pobble_ooley = 14,500 (7,000 Kypree, 7,500 sidooree Goaldagh as nyn lught-thie) |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Thalloo Harrish Mooir Ghoaldagh]] |taghyrt1_bunnit = Bunnit |date1_bunnit = 1960 |argid = [[Euro]] |coad_argid = EUR |traa_ynnydagh = [[Traa ynnydagh yn Oarpey Hiar|EET]] |ashchur_utc = +2 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa souree yn Oarpey Hiar|EEST]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +3 |coad_çhellvane = 357 }} Ta '''Ardjyn Bunvuill Chionedeeagh Akrotiri as Dhekelia''' ny ghaa ard jeh'n [[Yn Cheeprey|Cheeprey]] ta fo stiurey y [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]]. T'ad ymmydit as postyn armee as caggee y Reeriaght Unnaneyssit. Va ny h-ynnydyn shoh freillt ec yn RU ny yei seyrsnys ny Kyprys as e ceaghlid gys pobblaght heyr. Hannee y cahnagh Goaldagh ayn er yn oyr dy vel yn ellan soit ayns ynnyd strateyshagh ny [[Yn Veanvooir|Meanvooir]]. Ta ny h-ynnydyn rheynnit ayns daa veer: Ta Akrotiri ([[Greagish]]: Ακρωτήρι, [[Turkish]]: ''Agrotur'') soit er y choose yiass jeh'n ellan as ta Dhekelia (Greagish: Δεκέλεια, Turkish: ''Dikelya'') soit er y choose shiar yiass. {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{bun}} [[Ronney:Akrotiri as Dhekelia| ]] [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght y Cheeprey]] [[Ronney:Yn Cheeprey as Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'syn Impiraght Ghoaldagh 'sy vlein 1960]] [[Ronney:Scarraghyn magh yn Armee Ghoaldagh]] [[Ronney:Forsaghyn armit Goaldagh 'sy Cheeprey]] [[Ronney:Thallooyn Harrish Mooir Goaldagh|.Akrotiri as Dhekelia]] [[Ronney:Croghaneyn yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Croghaneyn yn Aishey]] [[Ronney:Scarraghyn magh yn Çhirveish Aer Reeoil]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn Bunvuill Chionedeeagh]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1960]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'syn Oarpey 'sy vlein 1960]] [[Ronney:Forsaghyn armit Ardjyn Bunvuill Akrotiri as Dhekelia]] [[Ronney:Croayn sthie as mooie]] {{Coord|34|35|N|32|59|E|type:city|display=title}} mtecw8l242bzn3zhycl6bvyyy3blbra 0 2804 359546 298287 2025-06-22T22:38:22Z MacTire02 219 aacherraghey 359546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Co-unnaneys Dominica |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|{{plainlist| * {{lang|en|Commonwealth of Dominica}} {{small|([[Baarle]])}} * {{lang|crb|Wai'tu kubuli}} {{small|([[Caribish Ellanagh]])}} * Komwèl Donmnik {{small|([[Creeole Dominicagh]])}} * {{lang|aig|Kamonwel a Domineeka}} {{small|([[Kokoy]])}}}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = Dominica |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of Dominica.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Coat_of_arms_of_Dominica.svg |jalloo_caslys = Caribbean_location_map_highlighting_Dominica.svg |jarroo-raa = "Apres Bondie, C'est La Ter"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dominica.gov.dm/about-dominica/national-symbols/coat-of-arms|title=Coat of Arms – Government of the State of Dominica|website=www.dominica.gov.dm|access-date=25 Mean Fouyir 2015|archive-date=29 Boaldyn 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529234156/http://dominica.gov.dm/about-dominica/national-symbols/coat-of-arms|url-status=live}}</ref> ([[Creeole Dominicagh]])<br />"Post Deum terra est" ([[Ladjyn]])<br />"Lurg Jee ta'n Dowan" |arrane_ashoonagh = "[[Isle of Beauty, Isle of Splendour]]"<br/>"Ellan yn Aalid, Ellan y Tullyraght{{parabr}}{{center|[[Coadan:National Anthem of Dominica by US Navy Band.ogg]]}} |arrane_reeoil = |çhengaghyn_oikoil = [[Baarle]] |çhengaghyn_ardjynagh = |preeu-valley = [[Roseau]] |latd=15 |latm=18 |latNS=N |longd=61 |longm=23 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = [[Pobblaght pharlamaidagh unnaneagh]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Dominica |date=2025-05-21 |work=The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/dominica/ |access-date=2025-05-26 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dominica - CLGF |url=https://www.clgf.org.uk/regions/clgf-americas/dominica/ |access-date=2025-05-27 |website=www.clgf.org.uk}}</ref> |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Rolley eaghtyraneyn Dominica|Eaghtyrane]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Sylvanie Burton]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Ard-vinishter Dominica|Ard-vinishter]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Roosevelt Skerrit]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = [[Loayreyder Hie Çhionnal Dominica|Loayreyder Hie yn Çhionnal]] |ennym3_fer-toshee = [[Joseph Isaac]] |dateEUentreilys = |eaghtyr_km2 = 751 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 290 |eaghtyr_rhenk = 184oo |ushtey_sy_cheead = 1.6 |pobble_ooley = 72,514 |blein_ooley_pobble = 2008 |rhenk_ooley_pobble = 195oo |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 105 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 272 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = 95oo |possanyn_kynneeagh = |blein_LTS_CCK = 2018 |LTS_CCK = $688 millioon<ref name="imf2">{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2022&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=35&pr1.y=10&c=311%2C343%2C361%2C321%2C362%2C364%2C328&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Dominica |publisher=[[Tashtey Argidoil Eddyrashoonagh]] |access-date=1 Sauin 2018 |archive-date=27 Jerrey Geuree 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127094332/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2022&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=35&pr1.y=10&c=311%2C343%2C361%2C321%2C362%2C364%2C328&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |url-status=live }}</ref> |rhenk_LTS_CCK = |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = $9,726<ref name=imf2/> |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = |LTS_ennymagh = $485 millioon<ref name=imf2/> |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2018 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = $7,860<ref name=imf2/> |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = |Gini = |blein_Gini = |rhenk_Gini = |ronney_Gini = |blein_ALD = 2022 |ALD = {{increase}} 0.740<ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2023/24|language=en|publisher=[[Claare Lhiasaghey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]]|date=13 Mayrnt 2024|access-date=13 Mayrnt 2024|archive-date=13 Mayrnt 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> |rhenk_ALD = 97oo |ronney_ALD = <span style="color:forestgreen">ard</span> |sorçh_kiondeeaght = Neuchrogheydys |note_kiondeeaght = veih'n [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Co-steatyn ny h-Injyn Sheear]] |date1_bunnit = 1 Mayrnt 1967 |taghyrt2_bunnit = Kionedeeaght as bunraght |date2_bunnit = 3 Sauin 1978 |taghyrt3_bunnit = |date3_bunnit = |argid = [[Dollar y Charib Hiar]] |coad_argid = XCD |traa_ynnydagh = [[Cryss Hraa Chadjinit yn Atlantagh|AST]] |ashchur_utc = –4 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = |ashchur_utc_TTLS = |cctld = [[.dm]] |coad_çhellvane = 1 767 }} She çheer as ellan 'syn [[yn Voir Charibagh|Vooir Charibagh]] ee '''Dominica'''. She [[Roseau]] yn [[preeu-valley]]. ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} {{Yn Americkey Hwoaie}} {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{bun}} {{Coord|15|25|N|61|20|W|type:county_region:DM|display=title}} [[Ronney:Dominica| ]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns America Hwoaie 'sy vlein 1690]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns impiraght choloinagh y Rank 'sy vlein 1690]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'sy Charib ayns ny 1690yn]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'sy Charib ayns ny 1800yn]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns America Hwoaie 'sy vlein 1805]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'syn Impiraght Ghoaldagh 'sy vlein 1805]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'sy Charib ayns ny 1970yn]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns America Hwoaie 'sy vlein 1978]] [[Ronney:Steatyn ard-valjagh]] [[Ronney:Reiltys coloinagh ayns ny h-Injyn Sheear]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn America Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y Charib]] [[Ronney:Aa-choloinyn Frangagh]] [[Ronney:Carib y Rank]] [[Ronney:Volcaanyn boayl çheh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn Dominica]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey yn Voodeeys Caribagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Cho-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Organisation internationale de la Francophonie]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Reagheydys Steatyn y Charib Hiar]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Pobblaghtyn ayns Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] [[Ronney:Steatyn Beggey Ellanagh er Lhiasaghey]] [[Ronney:Pobblaghtyn]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1978]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn volcaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn ny Geayee]] [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit bunnit 'sy vlein 1690]] [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit bunnit 'sy vlein 1805]] [[Ronney:Jee-vunneeaghtyn 'sy vlein 1971]] [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit jee-vunnit 'sy vlein 1971]] pddcx6s401e95wdnhlz9dwcm508fi04 359561 359546 2025-06-23T00:09:07Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 359561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Co-unnaneys Dominica |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|{{plainlist| * {{lang|en|Commonwealth of Dominica}} {{small|([[Baarle]])}} * {{lang|crb|Wai'tu kubuli}} {{small|([[Caribish Ellanagh]])}} * Komwèl Donmnik {{small|([[Creeole Dominicagh]])}} * {{lang|aig|Kamonwel a Domineeka}} {{small|([[Kokoy]])}}}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = Dominica |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of Dominica.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Coat_of_arms_of_Dominica.svg |jalloo_caslys = Caribbean_location_map_highlighting_Dominica.svg |jarroo-raa = "Apres Bondie, C'est La Ter"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dominica.gov.dm/about-dominica/national-symbols/coat-of-arms|title=Coat of Arms – Government of the State of Dominica|website=www.dominica.gov.dm|access-date=25 Mean Fouyir 2015|archive-date=29 Boaldyn 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529234156/http://dominica.gov.dm/about-dominica/national-symbols/coat-of-arms|url-status=live}}</ref> ([[Creeole Dominicagh]])<br />"Post Deum terra est" ([[Ladjyn]])<br />"Lurg Jee ta'n Dowan" |arrane_ashoonagh = "[[Isle of Beauty, Isle of Splendour]]"<br/>"Ellan yn Aalid, Ellan y Tullyraght{{parabr}}{{center|[[Coadan:National Anthem of Dominica by US Navy Band.ogg]]}} |arrane_reeoil = |çhengaghyn_oikoil = [[Baarle]] |çhengaghyn_ardjynagh = |preeu-valley = [[Roseau]] |latd=15 |latm=18 |latNS=N |longd=61 |longm=23 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = [[Pobblaght pharlamaidagh unnaneagh]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Dominica |date=2025-05-21 |work=The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/dominica/ |access-date=2025-05-26 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dominica - CLGF |url=https://www.clgf.org.uk/regions/clgf-americas/dominica/ |access-date=2025-05-27 |website=www.clgf.org.uk}}</ref> |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Rolley eaghtyraneyn Dominica|Eaghtyrane]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Sylvanie Burton]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Ard-vinishter Dominica|Ard-vinishter]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Roosevelt Skerrit]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = [[Loayreyder Hie Çhionnal Dominica|Loayreyder Hie yn Çhionnal]] |ennym3_fer-toshee = [[Joseph Isaac]] |dateEUentreilys = |eaghtyr_km2 = 751 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 290 |eaghtyr_rhenk = 184oo |ushtey_sy_cheead = 1.6 |pobble_ooley = 72,514 |blein_ooley_pobble = 2008 |rhenk_ooley_pobble = 195oo |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 105 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 272 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = 95oo |possanyn_kynneeagh = |blein_LTS_CCK = 2018 |LTS_CCK = $688 millioon<ref name="imf2">{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2022&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=35&pr1.y=10&c=311%2C343%2C361%2C321%2C362%2C364%2C328&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Dominica |publisher=[[Tashtey Argidoil Eddyrashoonagh]] |access-date=1 Sauin 2018 |archive-date=27 Jerrey Geuree 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127094332/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2022&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=35&pr1.y=10&c=311%2C343%2C361%2C321%2C362%2C364%2C328&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |url-status=live }}</ref> |rhenk_LTS_CCK = |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = $9,726<ref name=imf2/> |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = |LTS_ennymagh = $485 millioon<ref name=imf2/> |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2018 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = $7,860<ref name=imf2/> |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = |Gini = |blein_Gini = |rhenk_Gini = |ronney_Gini = |blein_ALD = 2022 |ALD = {{increase}} 0.740<ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2023/24|language=en|publisher=[[Claare Lhiasaghey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]]|date=13 Mayrnt 2024|access-date=13 Mayrnt 2024|archive-date=13 Mayrnt 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> |rhenk_ALD = 97oo |ronney_ALD = <span style="color:forestgreen">ard</span> |sorçh_kiondeeaght = Neuchrogheydys |note_kiondeeaght = veih'n [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Co-steatyn ny h-Injyn Sheear]] |date1_bunnit = 1 Mayrnt 1967 |taghyrt2_bunnit = Kionedeeaght as bunraght |date2_bunnit = 3 Sauin 1978 |taghyrt3_bunnit = |date3_bunnit = |argid = [[Dollar y Charib Hiar]] |coad_argid = XCD |traa_ynnydagh = [[Cryss Hraa Chadjinit yn Atlantagh|AST]] |ashchur_utc = –4 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = |ashchur_utc_TTLS = |cctld = [[.dm]] |coad_çhellvane = 1 767 }} She çheer as ellan 'syn [[yn Voir Charibagh|Vooir Charibagh]] ee '''Dominica'''. She [[Roseau]] yn [[preeu-valley]]. ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} {{Yn Americkey Hwoaie}} {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{bun}} {{Coord|15|25|N|61|20|W|type:county_region:DM|display=title}} [[Ronney:Dominica| ]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns America Hwoaie 'sy vlein 1690]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns impiraght choloinagh y Rank 'sy vlein 1690]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'sy Charib ayns ny 1690yn]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'sy Charib ayns ny 1800yn]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns America Hwoaie 'sy vlein 1805]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'syn Impiraght Ghoaldagh 'sy vlein 1805]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'sy Charib ayns ny 1970yn]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns America Hwoaie 'sy vlein 1978]] [[Ronney:Steatyn ard-valjagh]] [[Ronney:Reiltys coloinagh ayns ny h-Injyn Sheear]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn America Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y Charib]] [[Ronney:Aa-choloinyn Frangagh]] [[Ronney:Yn Charib Rangagh]] [[Ronney:Volcaanyn boayl çheh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn Dominica]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey yn Voodeeys Caribagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Cho-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Organisation internationale de la Francophonie]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Reagheydys Steatyn y Charib Hiar]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Pobblaghtyn ayns Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] [[Ronney:Steatyn Beggey Ellanagh er Lhiasaghey]] [[Ronney:Pobblaghtyn]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1978]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn volcaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn ny Geayee]] [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit bunnit 'sy vlein 1690]] [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit bunnit 'sy vlein 1805]] [[Ronney:Jee-vunneeaghtyn 'sy vlein 1971]] [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit jee-vunnit 'sy vlein 1971]] fkjwuzn9k9b8pphxahzeqdtd49teumm 0 2806 359545 313750 2025-06-22T19:08:16Z MacTire02 219 aacherraghey 359545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Y Phobblaght Ghominicagh |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|República Dominicana {{small|([[Spaainish]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = y Phobblaght Ghominicagh |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic.svg |jalloo_caslys = Dominican Republic (orthographic projection).svg |jarroo-raa = {{lang|es|"Dios, Patria, Libertad"}}<br />"Jee, Çheer Ghooie, Seyrsnys" |arrane_ashoonagh = "[[Arrane Ashoonagh y Phobblaght Ghominicagh|Quisqueyanos valientes]]"<br />{{raise|0.2em|''Quisqueyee Creeoil''&nbsp;{{lower|0.2em|}}}}<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">{{center|[[Coadan:Dominican Republic National Anthem.ogg]]}}</div> |arrane_reeoil = |çhengaghyn_oikoil = [[Spaainish]] |çhengaghyn_ardjynagh = |preeu-valley = [[Santo Domingo|Santo Domingo de Guzmán]] |latd=18 |latm=30 |latNS=N |longd=69 |longm=59 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = [[Corys eaghtyraneagh|Pobblaght eaghtyraneagh]] unnaneagh |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Eaghtyrane y Phobblaght Ghominicagh|Eaghtyrane]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Luis Abinader]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Lhiass-eaghtyrane y Phobblaght Ghominicagh|Lhiass-eaghtyrane]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Raquel Peña de Antuña|Raquel Peña]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 48,730 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 18,815 |eaghtyr_rhenk = 130oo |ushtey_sy_cheead = 1.6 |pobble_ooley = 9,904,000 |blein_ooley_pobble = 2008 |rhenk_ooley_pobble = 82h |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 201 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 523 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = 38oo |possanyn_kynneeagh = |blein_LTS_CCK = 2025 |LTS_CCK = {{increase}} $334.292 billoon<ref name="IMFWEO.DO">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=243,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,PCPIPCH,PCPIEPCH,LUR,GGXWDN_NGDP,GGXWDG_NGDP,&sy=1980&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (DO) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |date=10 Jerrey Fouyir 2024 |access-date=12 Jerrey Fouyir 2024}}</ref> |rhenk_LTS_CCK = 64oo |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = {{increase}} $30,710<ref name="IMFWEO.DO" /> |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = 67oo |LTS_ennymagh = {{increase}} $135.545 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.DO" /> |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = 64oo |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2025 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = {{increase}} $12,452<ref name="IMFWEO.DO" /> |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = 74oo |Gini = 37<ref name="WBgini">{{cite web | url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=DO | title=World Bank Open Data }}</ref> |blein_Gini = 2022 |rhenk_Gini = |ronney_Gini = |blein_ALD = 2023 |ALD = {{increase}} 0.776<ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 Boaldyn 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 Boaldyn 2025 |access-date=6 Boaldyn 2025 |publisher=[[Claare Lhiasaghey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] |language=en}}</ref> |rhenk_ALD = 89oo |ronney_ALD = <span style="color:forestgreen">ard</span> |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Shennaghys y Phobblaght Ghominicagh|Crooaght]] |note_kiondeeaght = |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Pobblaght Haiti Spaaniagh|Neuchrogheydys giare-heiltagh]] |date1_bunnit = 1821–1822 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Yn Chied Phobblaght (y Phobblaght Ghominicagh)|Y Chied Phobblaght]] |date2_bunnit = 1844–1861<ref name=MoyaPons-18AGO1863>{{cite book |title=Historia de la República Dominicana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wor3UqsHkToC&q=Espa%C3%B1a |publisher=Ediciones Doce Calles, S.L. |year=2010 |isbn=978-84-00-09240-5 |access-date=1 Jerrey Souree 2013 |page=409 |ref=En este ambiente de agravios, lpa revolución para restaurar la República estalló el 16 de agosto de 1863 en un poblado de la frontera norte con Haití y recibió amplio apoyo en toda la región del Cibao, como era conocida el norte del país, desafecto a Santana por muchas razones. Campesinos y comerciantes tenían sobrados motivos para aborrecerlo y España no había cumplido con las expectativas soñadas por los dominicanos. En poco No, el país se dividió en dos: los españoles sostenían las regiones sur y este con Santo Domingo de capital, y todo el norte defendía la restauración, con Santiago a la cabeza. |archive-date=11 Jerrey Geuree 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111005659/https://books.google.com/books?id=Wor3UqsHkToC&q=Espa%C3%B1a#v=snippet&q=Espa%C3%B1a&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Yn Nah Phobblaght (y Phobblaght Ghominicagh)|Y Nah Phobblaght]] |date3_bunnit = 1865–1916<ref>{{cite news|title=II República Dominicana|url=https://html.rincondelvago.com/ii-republica-dominicana.html|publisher=Rincon del Vago|date=20 Jerrey Geuree 2013|access-date=20 Jerrey Geuree 2013|archive-date=4 Nollick 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121204032047/http://html.rincondelvago.com/ii-republica-dominicana.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |taghyrt4_bunnit = [[Yn Trass Pobblaght (y Phobblaght Ghominicagh)|Y Trass Pobblaght]] |date4_bunnit = 1924–1965<ref>{{cite news|title=12 de julio de 1924, una fecha relegada al olvido|url=http://www.diariolibre.com/opinion/lecturas/12-de-julio-de-1924-una-fecha-relegada-al-olvido-APDL348392|publisher=Diario Libre|date=18 Luanistyn 2012|access-date=24 Mean Fouyir 2014|archive-date=15 Jerrey Fouyir 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015215308/http://www.diariolibre.com/opinion/lecturas/12-de-julio-de-1924-una-fecha-relegada-al-olvido-APDL348392|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=La Tercera República: La fragua de nuestra contemporaneidad|url=https://hoy.com.do/la-tercera-republica-la-fragua-de-nuestra-contemporaneidad/|publisher=Hoy|date=11 Boaldyn 2013|access-date=11 Boaldyn 2013|archive-date=4 Nollick 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204024853/http://hoy.com.do/la-tercera-republica-la-fragua-de-nuestra-contemporaneidad/|url-status=live}}</ref> |taghyrt5_bunnit = Y Kiarroo Pobblaght |date5_bunnit = 1966–jiu<ref>{{cite book|first=|last=|title=Cuarta República (1966-presente)|url=http://hechoshistoricosrd.blogspot.com/2015/07/cuarta-republica-1966-presente.html?m=1|publisher=Hechos Históricos Republica Dominicana|date=2015|access-date=13 Jerrey Souree 2015|archive-date=21 Nollick 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221181856/http://hechoshistoricosrd.blogspot.com/2015/07/cuarta-republica-1966-presente.html?m=1|url-status=live}}</ref> |argid = [[Peso Dominicagh|Peso]] |coad_argid = DOP |traa_ynnydagh = [[Cryss Hraa Chadjinit yn Atlantagh|AST]] |ashchur_utc = −04:00 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = |ashchur_utc_TTLS = |cctld = [[.do]] |coad_çhellvane = 1 809, +1 829, as +1 849 }} She çheer 'sy [[yn Vooir Charibagh|Vooir Charibagh]] ee '''yn Phobblaght Ghominicagh'''. She [[Santo Domingo]] yn [[preeu-valley]]. ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} {{Yn Americkey Hwoaie}} {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ghominicagh, Yn Phobblaght}} {{bun}} {{Coord|19|00|N|70|40|W|display=title}} [[Ronney:Yn Phobblaght Ghominicagh| ]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns America Hwoaie 'sy vlein 1844]] [[Ronney:Steatyn Creestee]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn America Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y Charib]] [[Ronney:Aa-choloinyn Frangagh]] [[Ronney:Aa-choloinyn Spaainagh]] [[Ronney:Aa-choloinyn ayns America Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Yn Spaainey Noa]] [[Ronney:Ny h-Antillaghyn Mooarey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Pobblaghtyn]] [[Ronney:Steatyn Beggey Ellanagh er Lhiasaghey]] [[Ronney:Injyn Sheear y Spaainey]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns Injyn Sheear y Spaainey ayns ny 1490yn]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'sy Phobblaght Ghominicagh 'sy vlein 1821]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns Haiti 'sy vlein 1822]] [[Ronney:Jee-vunneeaghtyn ayns Haiti 'sy vlein 1844]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns Injyn Sheear y Spaainey ayns ny 1860yn]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns Impiraght y Spaainey 'sy vlein 1861]] [[Ronney:Jee-vunneeaghtyn ayns Injyn Sheear y Spaainey ayns ny 1860yn]] [[Ronney:Jee-vunneeaghtyn ayns Impiraght y Spaainey 'sy vlein 1865]] [[Ronney:Coloinaghyn Spaainagh ayns ny h-Americkyn]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1844]] 1y96ibilh85jp4csfzjacehbpv9j3k0 0 2956 359590 358535 2025-06-23T07:33:46Z 178.51.188.149 Lee Jae-myung 2025 359590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Pobblaght y Chorea |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|대한민국 {{small|([[Koreeish]])}}<br/>大韓民國 {{small|([[Hanja]])<br/>{{transliteration|ko|Daehanminguk}} ([[Romanaghey Lhiasit y Choreeish|RL]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = y Chorea Yiass |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of South Korea.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Coat of arms of South Korea.svg |jalloo_caslys = South Korea (orthographic projection).svg |jarroo-raa = |arrane_ashoonagh = 애국가<br/>{{transliteration|ko|Aegukga}}<br/>"Yn Arrane Çheer-ghraihagh"{{parabr}}{{center|[[Coadan:National anthem of South Korea, performed by the United States Navy Band.wav]]}} |çhengaghyn_oikoil = {{ubl|[[Koreeish]] ([[Glare Chadjinit y Chorea Yiass|Pyojuneo]])|[[Glare Chowree yn Chorea]]}} |çhengaghyn_ardjynagh = |possanyn_kynneeagh = |preeu-valley = [[Seoul]] |latd=37 |latm=35 |latNS=N |longd=127 |longm=00 |longEW=E |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Hiar |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = [[Pobblaght eaghtyraneagh]] unnaneagh |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Eaghtyrane y Chorea Yiass|Eaghtyrane]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Lee Jae-myung]] <br/>[[]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Ard-vinishter y Chorea Yiass|Ard-vinishter]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Han Duck-soo]] (pooaryn as currymyn er croghey)<br/> |enmys3_fer-toshee = |ennym3_fer-toshee = |eaghtyr_km2 = 100,032 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 38,622 |eaghtyr_rhenk = 108oo |ushtey_sy_cheead = 0.3 |pobble_ooley = 49,044,790 |blein_ooley_pobble = |rhenk_ooley_pobble = 24oo |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 493 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 1,274 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = 12h |quaiyl = |blein_LTS_CCK = 2007 |LTS_CCK = $1.201 trillioon |rhenk_LTS_CCK = 13oo |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = $24,800 |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = 28oo |LTS_ennymagh = $981.9 billioon |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = 13oo |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2007 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = $19,983 |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = 28oo |Gini = 35.1 |blein_Gini = 2006 |ronney_Gini = |rhenk_Gini = |blein_ALD = 2007 |ALD = {{bishaghey}} 0.921 |rhenk_ALD = 26oo |ronney_ALD = <span style="color:#090">ard</span> |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Shennaghys y Chorea Yiass|Bunneeaght]] |note_kiondeeaght = |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Gaecheonjeol|Laa yn Vunneeaght Ashoonagh]] |date1_bunnit = 3 Jerrey Fouyir 2333 RC |taghyrt2_bunnit = Fogrey yn Teyrsnys |date2_bunnit = 1 Mayrnt 1919 |taghyrt3_bunnit = Reiltys shallidagh |date3_bunnit = 13 Averil 1919 |taghyrt4_bunnit = Seyrsnys |date4_bunnit = 15 Luanistyn 1945 |taghyrt5_bunnit = Yn Chied Phobblaght |date5_bunnit = 15 Luanistyn 1948 |taghyrt6_bunnit = Er enney |date6_bunnit = 12 Nollick 1948 |argid = [[Won y Chorea Yiass|Won]] |coad_argid = KRW |traa_ynnydagh = [[Traa chadjinit y Chorea|KST]] |ashchur_utc = +9 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = |ashchur_utc_TTLS = |cctld = [[.kr]] |coad_çhellvane = 82 }} She çheer 'syn [[yn Aishey|Aishey]] ee '''yn Chorea Yiass'''. T'ee çhemmit liorish [[yn Chorea Twoaie|y Chorea Twoaie]] da'n twoaie. She [[Seoul]] y [[preeu-valley]]. ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} {{Yn Aishey}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{Coord|36|N|128|E|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Chorea Yiass, Yn}} [[Ronney:Yn Chorea Yiass| ]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'sy Chorea Yiass 'sy vlein 1948|*]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Aishey Hiar]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Aishey]] [[Ronney:Aa-choloinyn Shapaanagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y G20]] [[Ronney:Yn Chorea| ]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Aishey Hiar Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey yn RCTL]] [[Ronney:Pobblaghtyn]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1948]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as lieh-enney oc]] {{bun}} bli5frzbv569idsiq0x7yjw9el40oij 0 3022 359544 358377 2025-06-22T19:03:53Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 359544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Pobblaght ny h-Ellanyn Philippeenagh |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|{{lang|en|Republic of the Philippines}} {{small|([[Baarle]])}}<br/>{{lang|fil|Republika ng Pilipinas}} {{small|([[Philippeenish]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = ny h-Ellanyn Philippeenagh |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of the Philippines.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Coat of Arms of the Philippines.svg |jalloo_caslys = PHL_orthographic.svg |jarroo-raa = "[[Maka-Diyos, Maka-tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa]]"<br/>"Er son Jee, y Phobble, y Croo Dooghyssagh, as y Çheer" |arrane_ashoonagh = "[[Lupang Hinirang]]"<br/>"Y Thalloo Reiht" |çhengaghyn_oikoil = {{hlist|[[Philippeenish]]|[[Baarle]]}} |çhengaghyn_ardjynagh = {{rolley yn-filley|title=Rolley:|[[Aklanonish]]|[[Arabish]]|[[Bikolish Veanagh]]|[[Cebuano (çhengey)|Cebuano]]|[[Çhavacanoish]]|[[Hiligaynonish]]|[[Bahasapilish]]|[[Ibanagish]]|[[Ilocanoish]]|[[Ivatanish]]|[[Karay-a (çhengey)|Karay-a]]|[[Maguindanaoish]]|[[Maranaoish]]|[[Pangasinanish]]|[[Sambalish]]|[[Spaanish]]|[[Surigaononish]]|[[Tagalogish]]|[[Tausūgish]]|[[Warayish]]|[[Yakanish]]}} |possanyn_kynneeagh = |preeu-valley = [[Manila]] |latd=14 |latm=35 |latNS=N |longd=121 |longm=0 |longEW=E |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Hiar |balley_smoo = [[Quezon City]] |sorçh_reiltys = [[Pobblaght eaghtyraneagh]] [[steat unnaneagh|unnaneagh]] |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Eaghtyrane ny h-Ellanyn Philippeenagh|Eaghtyrane]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Bongbong Marcos]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Lhiass-eaghtyrane ny h-Ellanyn Philippeenagh|Lhiass-eaghtyrane]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Sara Duterte]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 300,000 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 115,831 |eaghtyr_rhenk = 72h |ushtey_sy_cheead = 0.61 |pobble_ooley = 90,500,000 |blein_ooley_pobble = 2008 |rhenk_ooley_pobble = 12h |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 295 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 765 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = 32h |quaiyl = |blein_LTS_CCK = 2006 |LTS_CCK = $299.62 billioon |rhenk_LTS_CCK = 37oo |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = $3,378 |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = 122oo |LTS_ennymagh = $117.56 billioon |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = 47oo |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2006 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = $1,351 |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = 117oo |Gini = 44.5 |blein_Gini = 2003 |ronney_Gini = <font color="#FFCC00">meanagh</font> |blein_ALD = 2007/2008 |ALD = {{bishaghey}} 0.771 |rhenk_ALD = 90oo |ronney_ALD = <font color="#ffcc00">meanagh</font> |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Irree magh Philippeenagh|Seyrsnys]] |note_kiondeeaght = veih'n [[Yn Spaainey|Spaainey]]<br />veih ny [[Steatyn Unnaneysit]] |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Injyn Hiar y Spaainey|Bunnit]] |date1_bunnit = 1565 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Fogrey yn Teyrsnys (ny h-Ellanyn Philippeenagh)|Fogrit magh]] |date2_bunnit = 12 Mean Souree 1898 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Slattys Tydings-McDuffie|Hene-reiltys]] |date3_bunnit = 24 Mayrnt 1934 |taghyrt4_bunnit = [[Conaant Manila (1946)|Er enney]] |date4_bunnit = 4 Jerrey Souree 1946 |taghyrt5_bunnit = [[Bunraght ny h-Ellanyn Philippeenagh|Bunraght roie]] |date5_bunnit = 2 Toshiaght Arree 1987 |argid = [[Peso Philippeenagh|Peso]] |coad_argid = PHP |traa_ynnydagh = [[Traa Chadjinit Philippeenagh]] |ashchur_utc = +8 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = |ashchur_utc_TTLS = |cctld = [[.ph]] |coad_çhellvane = 63 }} She çheer as ellanragh ayns [[yn Aishey]] ad '''ny h-Ellanyn Philippeenagh'''. She [[Manila]] yn [[preeu-valley]]. ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} {{Yn Aishey}} {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{coord|13|N|122|E|type:country_region:PH|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Philippeenagh, Ny h-Ellanyn}} {{bun}} [[Ronney:Ny h-Ellanyn Philippeenagh| ]] [[Ronney:Aa-choloinyn 'syn Aishey]] [[Ronney:Aa-choloinyn Spaainagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Yn Aishey Hiar Yiass Varrey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ASEAN]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn noa-hynskylit]] [[Ronney:Pobblaghtyn]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Aishey Hiar Yiass]] [[Ronney:Injyn Shiar y Spaainey]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1565]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1898]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1946]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn arc volcaanagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Aishey]] [[Ronney:Aa-choloinyn Shapaanagh]] bndh5n82xuxyd5i598de9bripylj3qm 0 3046 359543 358176 2025-06-22T19:03:35Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 359543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Pobblaght Palau |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|Beluu er a Belau {{small|([[Palauish]])}}<br/>Republic of Palau {{small|([[Baarle]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = Palau |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of Palau.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Seal_of_Palau.svg |jalloo_caslys = Palau_on_the_globe_(Southeast_Asia_centered)_(small_islands_magnified).svg |jarroo-raa = |arrane_ashoonagh = {{lang|pau|"[[Belau rekid]]"}}<br />"Palau Ain"{{parabr}}{{center|[[Coadan:Belau rekid (instrumental).oga]]}} |çhengaghyn_oikoil = {{hlist|[[Baarle]]|[[Palauish]]}} |çhengaghyn_ardjynagh = {{hlist|[[Shapaanish]]|[[Sonsorolish]]|[[Tobish]]}} |possanyn_kynneeagh = |preeu-valley = [[Ngerulmud]] |latd=7 |latm=21 |latNS=N |longd=134 |longm=28 |longEW=E |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Hiar |balley_smoo = [[Koror]] |sorçh_reiltys = [[Pobblaght eaghtyraneagh]] [[steat unnaneagh|unnaneagh]] fo [[deynlaghys neu-pharteenagh]] |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Eaghtyrane Palau|Eaghtyrane]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Surangel Whipps Jr.]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Lhiass-eaghtyrane Palau|Lhiass-eaghtyrane]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Raynold Oilouch]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = |ennym3_fer-toshee = |dateEUentreilys = |eaghtyr_km2 = 459 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 177 |eaghtyr_rhenk = 195-oo |ushtey_sy_cheead = |pobble_ooley = 20,000 |blein_ooley_pobble = 2009 |rhenk_ooley_pobble = 211-d |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 43.6 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 113 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = 155-oo |quaiyl = |blein_LTS_CCK = 2008 |LTS_CCK = $164 millioon |rhenk_LTS_CCK = |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = $8,100 |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = |LTS_ennymagh = |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = |blein_LTS_ennymagh = |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = |Gini = |blein_Gini = |ronney_Gini = |rhenk_Gini = |blein_ALD = 2003 |ALD = 0.864 |rhenk_ALD = |ronney_ALD = |sorçh_kiondeeaght = Seyrsnys |note_kiondeeaght = veih ny [[Steatyn Unnaneysit]] as y [[Steatyn Conastit y Vynneeys|Vynneeys]] |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Thalloo Hreishtit Ellanyn y Cheayn Sheealtagh|Treishteilaght]] |date1_bunnit = 18 Jerrey Souree 1947 |taghyrt2_bunnit = Bunraght |date2_bunnit = 2 Averil 1979 |taghyrt3_bunnit = Bunneeaght Phobblaght Palau |date3_bunnit = 1 Jerrey Geuree 1981 |taghyrt4_bunnit = [[Coardail cour Co-heshaght Heyr]] |date4_bunnit = 2 Averil 1979 |argid = [[Dollar Americaanagh]] |coad_argid = USD |traa_ynnydagh = |ashchur_utc = +9 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = |ashchur_utc_TTLS = |cctld = [[.pw]] |coad_çhellvane = 680 }} Ta '''Palau''', ny '''Pobblaght Phalau''' dy h-oikoil ({{lang-pau|Beluu er a Belau}}, {{lang-en|Republic of Palau}}), ny [[çheer ellanagh]] 'sy [[Yn Keayn Sheealtagh|Cheayn Sheealtagh]], mygeayrt 500 meeilaghyn (800&nbsp;km) çheu hiar jeh [[ny h-Ellanyn Philippeenagh]] as 2,000 meeilaghyn (3,200&nbsp;km) çheu yiass veih [[Tokyo]]. She [[Ngerulmud]] [[preeu-valley]] ny çheerey, agh she [[Koror]] y balley smoo 'syn ellanragh. Hooar y steat beg e neuchrogheydys veih [[Coonseil Hreishteilaght ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit|Treishteilaght]] [[ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] (fo reirey ec [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]]) 'sy vlein 1994, as ta'n steat coontit nish myr nane jeh ny steatyn s'loo as s'aa.<ref>Nelson's World Gazetteer and Geographical Dictionary, ed. J. Gunn, Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd, Lunnin, 1935</ref> ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} {{Yn Faarkeydys}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{Coord|7|30|N|134|30|E|display=title}} {{bun}} [[Ronney:Palau| ]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'syn Aarkeylann 'sy vlein 1994]] [[Ronney:Ellanree 'sy Cheayn Sheealtagh]] [[Ronney:Steatyn co-heshaghtagh ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Ny h-Ellanyn Caroleenagh|*]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y Vynneeys]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Aarkeylann]] [[Ronney:Aa-choloinyn 'syn Aarkeylann]] [[Ronney:Aa-choloinyn Germaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aa-choloinyn Shapaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aa-choloinyn Spaainagh]] [[Ronney:Guinea Noa Ghermaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn ellanagh ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn yn Aarkeylann]] [[Ronney:Pobblaghtyn]] [[Ronney:Olteynyn Reagheydys ny h-Ashoonyn as Sleih gyn Tuarystallys]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Steatyn Beggey Ellanagh er Lhiasaghey]] [[Ronney:Anney yn Vooir Yiass]] [[Ronney:Injyn Shiar y Spaainey]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1994]] [[Ronney:Thalloo Hreishtit Ellanyn y Cheayn Sheealtagh]] 03hbsg9ucannoufu3rdsw7wlina0quc 0 3591 359535 327882 2025-06-22T18:21:13Z MacTire02 219 enmyssyn 'sy chishtey fys, +GE, enmys clowan 359535 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Nerin Hwoaie |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|Northern Ireland {{small|([[Baarle]])}}<br />Tuaisceart Éireann {{small|([[Yernish]])}}<br />Norlin Airlann {{small|([[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = Nerin |jalloo_brattagh = |jalloo_cleinney = |jalloo_caslys = Europe location N-IRL2.png |arrane_ashoonagh = |çhengaghyn_oikoil = [[Baarle]] <small>''de facto''</small>, [[Yernish]] as [[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh]] |preeu-valley = [[Beeal Feirshtey]] |latd=54 |latm=35.456 |latNS=N |longd=5 |longm=50.4 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = [[Reeriaght vunraghtoil]]<br />[[Co-heshaghtaghys]] |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Monarkaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Chied-vinishter Nerin Hwoaie|Y Chied-vinishter]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Michelle O'Neill]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = [[Lhiass Chied-vinishter Nerin Hwoaie|Y Lhiass Chied-vinishter]] |ennym3_fer-toshee = [[Emma Little-Pengelly]] |enmys4_fer-toshee = [[Screeudeyr Steat ry hoi Nerin Hwoaie|Screeudeyr Steat]] |ennym4_fer-toshee = [[Shailesh Vara]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 13,843 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 5,345 |pobble_ooley = 1,759,000 |blein_ooley_pobble = 2008 |pobble_coontey = 1,685,267 |blein_coontey_pobble = 2001 |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 122 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 315 |blein_LTS_CCK = 2002 |LTS_CCK = £33.2 billioon |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = £19,603 |blein_ALD = |ALD = |rhenk_ALD = |ronney_ALD = |sorçh_kiondeeaght = Bunneeaght |note_kiondeeaght = |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Aght er Reiltys Nerin 1920|Aght&nbsp;er&nbsp;Reiltys&nbsp;Nerin]] |date1_bunnit = [[3 Boaldyn]] [[1921]] |argid = [[punt Sostynagh]] |coad_argid = GBP |traa_ynnydagh = GMT |ashchur_utc = +0 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = BST |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +1 |cctld = [[.uk]]² |coad_çhellvane = 44 |note_coad_çhellvane = ³ |ard_noo = [[Noo Perick]]⁴ |fo-note1 = [[Çhengaghyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhengaghyn oikoil]]: Cha nel çhengey oikoil ayns Nerin Hwoaie; ta Baarle ymmydit rere tosheeaght. Ta enney oikoil currit er Yernish as er Baarle Albinagh Ultagh myr çhengaghyn mynlagh |fo-note2 = [[.ie]], myrane lesh [[Pobblaght Nerin]], as [[.eu]], er y fa dy vel yn RU 'syn [[Yn Unnaneys Oarpagh|Unnaneys Oarpagh]]. She [[GB]] yn [[ISO 3166-1]], agh cha nel [[.gb]] ymmydit. |fo-note3 = Shegin 28 dy yeeley ny yei +44 as shiu cur fys er çhellvaneyn thie. She 028 y coad çheu sthie jeh'n RU as 048 ass [[Pobblaght Nerin]]. |fo-note4 = Myrane lesh [[Pobblaght Nerin]]. |}} Ta '''Nerin Hwoaie''' ([[Baarle]]: ''Northern Ireland'', [[Yernish]]: ''Tuaisceart Éireann'', [[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh]]: ''Norlin Airlann'') ny çheer 'sy [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]]<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020329130655/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp The Countries of the UK] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 10 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008. Ta'n [[Northern Ireland Act 1998]] soilshey Nerin Hwoaie magh myr "cooid jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit". Ta'n enmys "[[çheer cho-ayrnagh]]" currit er Nerin Hwoaie ny keayrtyn liorish [[Unnaneyseyr (Nerin)|Unnaneyseyryn]] as moiryn Goaldagh.&nbsp;[http://www.opsi.gov.uk/ACTS/en2003/2003en33.htm] [https://web.archive.org/web/20050318104438/http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/bbcandyou/accountable/charterrev4.shtml].</ref> as t'ee ny lhie ayns shiar hwoaie [[Nerin]]. Ta joarey eck lesh [[Pobblaght Nerin]] 'sy neear as 'sy jiass. Rere staydraa coontey-pobble yn RU 'sy vlein 2001, va 1,685,000 cummaltee 'sy çheer, as ad jannoo seose eddyr kiarroo as treeoo jeh sleih-earroo yn ellan as 3% jeh sleih-earroo yn RU. Ta Nerin Hwoaie jeant seose jeh [[Coondaeghyn Nerin Hwoaie|shey]] ass ny nuy coondaeghyn tradishoonagh ayns [[Queiggey Ulley]]. V'ee crooit myr [[Aarheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|aarheynn er lheh jeh'n RU]] er 3 Boaldyn 1921 fo [[Slattys Reiltys Nerin 1920]], agh ta'n bunneydys bunraghtoil ny lhie ayns [[Slattys Unnaneys 1800]] eddyr y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin. Va [[Reiltys Nerin Hwoaie|reiltys]] [[Reiltys jeeveanit|jeeveanit]] as [[Parlamaid Nerin Hwoaie|parlamaid]] eck er feie 50 bleeaney. Va ny h-undinyssyn shen castit ayns 1972 as astyrit ayns 1973. Ny yei eiyrtyssyn as aa-eiyrtyssyn hene-reiltys y chur er bun reesht va [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie]] noa-emshyragh bunnit. == Çheer-oaylleeaght == === Coondaeghyn === {{ardart|Coondaeghyn Nerin Hwoaie}} Ta Nerin Hwoaie jeant seose jeh shey [[Coondaeghyn Nerin|coondaeghyn]] shendeeagh: [[Coontae Aontrym]], [[Coontae Ard Maghey]], [[Coontae yn Doon]], [[Coontae 'er Managh]], [[Coontae Ghoirrey]], as [[Coontae Heer Eoin]]. [[Coadan:SilentValley.jpg|thumb|left|[[Doour Ghleann an Chiúnais]], [[Coontae yn Doon]].]] Cha nel ny coondaeghyn shen ymmydit ry hoi gurneilys ynnydagh nish, ansherbee; ayns nyn ynnydyn, ta Nerin Hwoaie rheynnit magh ayns shey [[Slystyn Nerin Hwoaie|slystyn]] as feed, as rheaymyssaghtyn çheer-oaylleeagh anchasley oc, eer ec ny coondaeghyn as enmyn ny slystyn çheet magh assdaue. Ta [[Coonseil Slystagh 'er Managh]] goll eiyrt er joaraghyn y choontae tradishoonagh son y chooid. Er y laue elley, ta [[Coonseil Slystagh Chooil Rhennee]] çheet magh ass ennym y valley Cooill Rhennee ayns Coontae Ghoirrey. [[Coadan:Lower lough erne.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Logh Éirne Heese, [[Coontae 'er Managh]]]] Ga nagh vel ny coondaeghyn ymmydit ry hoi cooishyn reiltyssagh, t'ad tannaghtyn myr cur sheese ennoil soiaghey buill. T'ad ymmydit dy h-oikoil da sleih as ad shirrey [[kied troailt Yernagh]], as y çheer ruggyree ry-laccal ayn. Ta ennym y choontae ry-akin ayns [[Yernish]] as [[Baarle]] er duillag fysseree yn chied troailt, ayns cosoylaght rish y valley ny ard-valley ruggyree ayns kied troailt y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Ta [[Commyn Roortaghys Gaeil]] goaill ymmyd jeh ny coondaeghyn tradishoonagh myr preeu-aght reagheydys as ta fwirranyn reihdagh as dagh [[coontae yn CRG]] glackit. Ta ny joaraghyn coontae foast ry-akin er caslyssyn çheerey yn Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland as ayns ny h-atlassyn Phillips Street Atlases. Lesh tuittym ymmyd oikoil, dy mennick ta mestid ayn mychione baljyn as ard-valjyn ta nyn lhie faggys da joaraghyn coontae, lheid as [[Beeal Feirshtey]] as [[Lis ny Garvagh]], quoi ta rheynnit eddyr coondaeghyn y Doon as Aontrym (ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n daa valley ny lhie ayns Coontae Aontrym, ansherbee). [[Coadan:City Hall Belfast Queen Victoria.jpg|thumb|125px|right|Halley Ard-valjey Veeal Feirshtey]] == Imraaghyn == {{rolleyimraaghyn}} {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{bun}} [[Ronney:Nerin Hwoaie| ]] [[Ronney:Shennaghys Nerin]] [[Ronney:Reill Thie 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'sy vlein 1921]] 6r3j1qkudwt491e4da8pekgocadz0f3 0 4016 359536 328199 2025-06-22T18:21:44Z MacTire02 219 ++ 359536 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Bailiwick of Jersey<br />Bailliage de Jersey |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= ''Bayleeaght Yersee'' |ennym_gienneydagh = Yersee |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of Jersey.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Coat of Arms of Jersey.svg |jalloo_caslys = Channel Islands - Jersey.PNG |arrane_ashoonagh = ''[[God Save the King]]'' |çhengaghyn_oikoil = [[Baarle]], [[Frangish]] |çhengaghyn_ardjynagh = [[Jerseeish|Jèrriais]] |preeu-valley = [[Saint Helier]] |latd=49 |latm=11.4 |latNS=N |longd=2 |longm=06.6 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = [[Deynlaghys ard-whaiylagh]], [[Reeriaght vunraghtoil]], [[Croghane-Crooin]] |enmys1_fer-toshee = Toshiagh y steat |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III, Duic ny Norman]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Lhiass-chiannoort Yersee|Lhiass-chiannoort]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Andrew Ridgway]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = [[Rolley Bayleeyn Yersee|Baylee]] |ennym3_fer-toshee = [[Philip Bailhache]] |enmys4_fer-toshee = [[Arrey Toshee Yersee|Arrey Toshee]] |ennym4_fer-toshee = [[Frank Walker (politickeyr Jerseeagh)|Frank Walker]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 116 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 45 |eaghtyr_rhenk = 219-oo |ushtey_sy_cheead = 0 |pobble_ooley = 90,800 |blein_ooley_pobble = 2007 |rhenk_ooley_pobble = 190-oo |pobble_coontey = |blein_coontey_pobble = |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 780 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 2,018 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = 12-oo |blein_LTS_CCK = 2003 |LTS_CCK = £3.6 billioon |rhenk_LTS_CCK = 167-oo |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = £40,000 |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = 6-oo |sorçh_kiondeeaght = Staydys |note_kiondeeaght = Croghane-Crooin Goaldagh |taghyrt1_bunnit = Scarrey veih'n Norman Vooarheeragh |date1_bunnit = 1204 |taghyrt2_bunnit = Seyrsnys veih cummaltys ny Germaan |date2_bunnit = [[9 Boaldyn]] [[1945]] |argid = [[Punt Jerseeagh]] |coad_argid = GBP |traa_ynnydagh = [[Traa Mean Ghreenwich|GMT]] |ashchur_utc = +0 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa Souree Goaldagh|BST]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +1 |cctld = [[.je]] |coad_çhellvane = 44-1534 |ard_noo = [[Noo Helier]] }} Ta '''Jersee''' ny '''Bayleeaght Yersee''' ({{lang-en|Bailiwick of Jersey}}, {{lang-fr|Bailliage de Jersey}}, [[Jerseeish]]: ''Bailliage dé Jèrri'') ny ellan as [[Croghane-Crooin]] [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Goaldagh]] ayns [[Mooir yn Eeaght]], 22.5 km magh veih coose hwoaie ny [[Yn Rank|Frank]]. She [[Saint Helier]] y [[preeu-valley]] as y balley smoo er yn ellan. {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{bun}} [[Ronney:Jersee| ]] frj4cwzxcg999vtzycujrk1ampzstbe 10 8041 359526 290336 2025-06-22T18:10:32Z MacTire02 219 aght noa 359526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Navbox|navbox |name = Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |title = Çheeraghyn, thallooyn, as croghaneyn y [[Yn Chrooin|Chrooin Ghoaldagh]] |style = text-align:left; |image = |group1 = [[Çheeraghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çheeraghyn]] y [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] |list1 = {{hlist|[[Bretyn]]|[[Nalbin]]|[[Nerin Hwoaie]]|[[Sostyn]]}} |group2 = Ny [[Croghaneyn-crooin|Croghaneyn-crooin]] |list2 = {{hlist|[[Bayleeaght Guernsey]] ([[Alderney]]{{·}} [[Guernsey]]{{·}} [[Yn Tark|y Tark]])|[[Jersee|Bayleeaght Yersee]]|[[Mannin]]}} |group3 = Ny [[Thallooyn Harrish Mooir Goaldagh|thallooyn harrish mooir]] |list3 = {{hlist|[[Akrotiri as Dhekelia]]{{sup|1}}|[[Anguilla]]|[[Ny Bermioodee]]|[[Ellanyn Cayman]]|[[Yn Çhorshey Yiass as Ellanyn Sandwich Yiass|y Çhorshey Yiass as Ellanyn Sandwich Yiass]]|[[Gibraaltar]]|[[Helena Noo, Ellan ny Frastyl, as Tristan da Cunha]] ([[Ellan ny Frastyl]]{{·}}[[Ellan Helena Noo]]{{·}} [[Tristan da Cunha]] ([[Ellan Gough]]))|[[Ny Malveenaghyn]]|[[Montserrat]]|[[Ellanyn Pitcairn|Ellanyn Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie, as Oeno]]|''[[Thalloo Ghoaldagh yn Antarctagh]]''{{sup|2}}|[[Thalloo Ghoaldagh y Cheayn Injinagh]]|[[Ellanyn ny Turkee as Caicos]]|[[Ellanyn Goaldagh y Voidyn]]}} |group4 = Aa-choloinyn |list4 = [[Rolley çheeraghyn hooar neuchrogheydys veih'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] |below = {{sup|1}} [[Akrotiri as Dhekelia|Ardjyn Bun-ynnydyn Kionedeeagh]]. {{sup|2}} Ta'n chionedeeaght er ny ve lieh-chroghit kyndagh rish [[Corys Chonaant yn Antarctagh|Conaant yn Antarctagh]]. }}<noinclude> [[Ronney:Kishtaghyn stiuree bentyn rish politickaght as reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] </noinclude> 7nbodo8fwffm20xu7tvrctrv77hutov 359528 359526 2025-06-22T18:12:47Z MacTire02 219 MacTire02 moved page [[Clowan:Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] to [[Clowan:Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] without leaving a redirect: aght ny s'cruinn 359526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Navbox|navbox |name = Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |title = Çheeraghyn, thallooyn, as croghaneyn y [[Yn Chrooin|Chrooin Ghoaldagh]] |style = text-align:left; |image = |group1 = [[Çheeraghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çheeraghyn]] y [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] |list1 = {{hlist|[[Bretyn]]|[[Nalbin]]|[[Nerin Hwoaie]]|[[Sostyn]]}} |group2 = Ny [[Croghaneyn-crooin|Croghaneyn-crooin]] |list2 = {{hlist|[[Bayleeaght Guernsey]] ([[Alderney]]{{·}} [[Guernsey]]{{·}} [[Yn Tark|y Tark]])|[[Jersee|Bayleeaght Yersee]]|[[Mannin]]}} |group3 = Ny [[Thallooyn Harrish Mooir Goaldagh|thallooyn harrish mooir]] |list3 = {{hlist|[[Akrotiri as Dhekelia]]{{sup|1}}|[[Anguilla]]|[[Ny Bermioodee]]|[[Ellanyn Cayman]]|[[Yn Çhorshey Yiass as Ellanyn Sandwich Yiass|y Çhorshey Yiass as Ellanyn Sandwich Yiass]]|[[Gibraaltar]]|[[Helena Noo, Ellan ny Frastyl, as Tristan da Cunha]] ([[Ellan ny Frastyl]]{{·}}[[Ellan Helena Noo]]{{·}} [[Tristan da Cunha]] ([[Ellan Gough]]))|[[Ny Malveenaghyn]]|[[Montserrat]]|[[Ellanyn Pitcairn|Ellanyn Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie, as Oeno]]|''[[Thalloo Ghoaldagh yn Antarctagh]]''{{sup|2}}|[[Thalloo Ghoaldagh y Cheayn Injinagh]]|[[Ellanyn ny Turkee as Caicos]]|[[Ellanyn Goaldagh y Voidyn]]}} |group4 = Aa-choloinyn |list4 = [[Rolley çheeraghyn hooar neuchrogheydys veih'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] |below = {{sup|1}} [[Akrotiri as Dhekelia|Ardjyn Bun-ynnydyn Kionedeeagh]]. {{sup|2}} Ta'n chionedeeaght er ny ve lieh-chroghit kyndagh rish [[Corys Chonaant yn Antarctagh|Conaant yn Antarctagh]]. }}<noinclude> [[Ronney:Kishtaghyn stiuree bentyn rish politickaght as reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] </noinclude> 7nbodo8fwffm20xu7tvrctrv77hutov 14 9087 359549 314001 2025-06-22T22:52:57Z MacTire02 219 ronnaghyn elley 359549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Dominica}} {{catmore}} [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y Charib]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn America Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn ny Geayee]] [[Ronney:Pobblaghtyn]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey yn Voodeeys Caribagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Cho-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States]] [[ROnney:Aa-choloinyn Frangagh]] [[Ronney:Yn Charib Rangagh]] kk2sg8eqzj2jac58ggu56h49e0sywwn 359550 359549 2025-06-22T22:53:15Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 359550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Dominica}} {{catmore}} [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y Charib]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn America Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn ny Geayee]] [[Ronney:Pobblaghtyn]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey yn Voodeeys Caribagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Cho-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Reagheydys Steatyn y Charib Hiar]] [[ROnney:Aa-choloinyn Frangagh]] [[Ronney:Yn Charib Rangagh]] 96npbwkbe5g6dl45u4kj66ncr0j7c0v 0 13506 359537 328198 2025-06-22T18:22:14Z MacTire02 219 ++ 359537 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Bailiwick of Guernsey<br />Bailliage de Guernesey |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= ''Bayleeaght Ghuernsey'' |ennym_gienneydagh = Ghuernsey |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of Guernsey.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Coat of arms of Guernsey.svg |jalloo_caslys = Uk map guernsey.png |arrane_ashoonagh = ''[[God Save the King]]'' |çhengaghyn_oikoil = [[Baarle]], [[Frangish]] |çhengaghyn_ardjynagh = [[Guernésiais]], [[Sercquiais]] (Ta [[Auregnais]] marroo nish) |preeu-valley = [[Saint Peter Port]] |latd=49 |latm=27 |latNS=N |longd=2 |longm=33 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = [[Deynlaghys ard-whaiylagh]], [[Reeriaght vunraghtoil]], [[Croghane-Crooin]] |enmys1_fer-toshee = Toshiagh y steat |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III, Duic ny Norman]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Lhiass-chiannoort Ghuernsey|Lhiass-chiannoort]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Fabian Malbon]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = [[Rolley Bayleeyn Ghuernsey|Baylee]] |ennym3_fer-toshee = [[Geoffrey Rowland]] |enmys4_fer-toshee = [[Shirveishagh Toshee Ghuernsey|Shirveishagh Toshee]] |ennym4_fer-toshee = [[Lyndon Trott]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 78 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 30.1 |eaghtyr_rhenk = 223-oo |ushtey_sy_cheead = 0 |pobble_ooley = 65,573 |blein_ooley_pobble = 2007 |rhenk_ooley_pobble = 197-oo |pobble_coontey = |blein_coontey_pobble = |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 836.3 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 2,166 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = 12-oo |blein_LTS_CCK = 2003 |LTS_CCK = $2.59 billioon |rhenk_LTS_CCK = 176-oo |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = $40,000 |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = 9-oo |sorçh_kiondeeaght = Staydys |note_kiondeeaght = [[Croghane-Crooin|Croghane-Crooin Goaldagh]] |taghyrt1_bunnit = Scarrey veih'n Norman Vooarheeragh |date1_bunnit = 1204 |taghyrt2_bunnit = Seyrsnys veih cummaltys ny Germaan |date2_bunnit = [[9 Boaldyn]] [[1945]] |argid = [[Punt Guernseyagh]] |coad_argid = GBP |traa_ynnydagh = [[Traa Mean Ghreenwich|GMT]] |ashchur_utc = +0 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa Souree Goaldagh|BST]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +1 |cctld = [[.gg]] |coad_çhellvane = 44-1481 |ard_noo = }} Ta '''Guernsey''' ny '''Bayleeaght Ghuernsey''' ([[Baarle]]: ''Bailiwick of Guernsey'', [[Frangish]]: ''Bailliage de Guernesey'', [[Guernésiais]]: ''Bailliage dé Guernési'', [[Sercquiais]]: ''Bailliage dë Gyernëzi'') ny [[Croghane-Crooin]] [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Goaldagh]] ayns [[Mooir yn Eeaght]] magh veih coose ny [[Yn Norman|Norman]], [[Yn Rank|y Rank]]. Ta'n Croghane-Crooin goaill stiagh yn ellan hene Guernsey, myrane lesh [[Alderney]], [[Herm]], [[Jethou]], [[Brecqhou]], [[Burhou]], [[Lihou]], [[Sark]] as ellanyn beggey elley. Cha nel Guernsey ny cooid jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit - ta staydys eck cosoylagh rish [[Mannin]] as [[Jersee]]. Cha nel ee ny cooid jeh'n [[Unnaneys Oarpagh]] chammah. Ta'n ellan rheynnit ayns 10 skeeraghyn. Myrane lesh Jersee, ta ny h-ellanyn shoh enmyssit [[Ellanyn Vooir Eeaght]]. {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{bun}} [[Ronney:Guernsey| ]] j38lp8989yd34n4fkes0euekef4pxvr 0 13780 359523 342402 2025-06-22T17:33:34Z MacTire02 219 aacherraghey 359523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Ny Bermioodee |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|Bermuda {{small|([[Baarle]])}}<br/>Bermy {{small|([[Creeole Bermioodagh]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = ny Bermioodee |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of Bermuda.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Coat_of_arms_of_Bermuda.svg |jalloo_caslys = United_Kingdom_on_the_globe_(Bermuda_special)_(Americas_centered).svg |jarroo-raa = "Quo Fata Ferunt" (<small>[[Ladjyn]]</small>)<br />(Gaelg: "Raad Erbee ta ny Kynoauinyn Gymmyrkey [Shin]") |arrane_ashoonagh = |arrane_reeoil = "[[God Save the King]]"<br/>"Dy Sauiail Jee yn Ree"{{parabr}}{{center|[[Coadan:United States Navy Band - God Save the King.oga]]}}{{parabr}}'''Arrane ashoonagh:''' "[[Hail to Bermuda]]"<br/>(Gaelg: "Dy Bannee da ny Bermioodee"){{parabr}}{{center|[[Coadan:Hail to Bermuda.ogg]]}} |çhengaghyn_oikoil = [[Baarle]] |sorçh_çhengaghyn = Çhegey chadjin |çhengaghyn = [[Creeole Bermioodagh]] |preeu-valley = [[Hamilton, ny Bermioodee|Hamilton]] |latd=32 |latm=18 |latNS=N |longd=64 |longm=47 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = [[St. George's, ny Bermioodee|St. George's]] |sorçh_reiltys = [[Croghane]] [[corys parlamaidagh]] fo [[monarkaght vunraghtoil]] |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Monarkaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Monark]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Kiannoort ny Bermioodee|Kiannoort]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Andrew Murdoch (diploamagh)|Andrew Murdoch]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = [[Toshiagh ny Bermioodee|Toshiagh]] |ennym3_fer-toshee = [[Edward David Burt]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 53.2 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 20.5 |eaghtyr_rhenk = 224oo |ushtey_sy_cheead = 27 |pobble_ooley = 67,837<ref name=cia>{{cite web |author=Central Intelligence Agency |authorlink=Central Intelligence Agency |publisher=[[The World Factbook]] |title=Bermuda |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bd.html |year=2009 |accessdate=17 Jerrey Souree 2010 |archivedate=2020-06-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604143735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bd.html }}</ref> |blein_ooley_pobble = 2009 |rhenk_ooley_pobble = 199oo |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 1,275 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 3,293 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = 7oo |possanyn_kynneeagh = |blein_LTS_CCK = 2007 |LTS_CCK = |rhenk_LTS_CCK = |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = |LTS_ennymagh = US$7.484&nbsp;billoon<ref name="Bermuda {{!}} Data" /> |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = 161d |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2019 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = US$117,097 |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = 4oo |blein_ALD = 2013 |ALD = {{increase}} 0.981 |rhenk_ALD = |ronney_ALD = |argid = [[Dollar ny Bermioodee]] |coad_argid = BMD |traa_ynnydagh = [[Cryss Hraa Chadjinit yn Atlantagh|AST]] |ashchur_utc = – 04:00 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa Hollys y Laa Atlantagh|ADT]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = – 03:00 |cctld = [[.bm]] |coad_çhellvane = 1-441 |fo-note1 = |fo-note2 = }} Ta '''ny Bermioodee''' ({{lang-en|Bermuda}}), ny '''Ellanyn Somers''' ({{lang|en|''Somers Isles''}} keayrtyn) nyn [[Thallooyn harrish Mooir Ghoaldagh|Dhallooyn harrish Mooir Goaldagh]] 'sy [[Yn Keayn Sheear|Cheayn Sheear]]. T'ad nyn soie magh veih coose hiar [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] as she [[Cape Hatteras]] ayns [[Carolina Hwoaie]] y thalloo s'girrey da ny h-ellanyn, ga nagh vel y boayl shen ny hoie agh 1,030 kilomeadaryn sheear sheear hwoaie veih ny h-ellanyn. T'ad soit 1,373 km yiass veih [[Halifax, Nalbin Noa|Halifax]], [[Nalbin Noa]], [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]], as 1,770 km shiar hwoaie veih [[Miami]], [[Florida]]. She [[Hamilton, ny Bermioodee|Hamilton]] y [[preeu-valley]]. == Imraaghyn == {{reflist}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{commonscat}} * {{Official website|https://www.gov.bm/|Ynnyd-eggey oikoil}} [[Reiltys ny Bermioodee]] * [http://www.gotobermuda.com/ Turrysid ny Bermioodee] * [http://www.bermuda.com/ Stiurag da ny Bermioodee] * [http://www.parliament.bm/ Parlamaid ny Bermioodee] {{Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{bun}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bermioodee, Ny}} [[Ronney:Ny Bermioodee| ]] [[Ronney:Volcaanyn ayns ny Bermioodee]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns America Hwoaie 'sy vlein 1612]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'syn Impiraght Ghoaldagh 'sy vlein 1612]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1612]] [[Ronney:Ellanree 'sy Cheayn Sheear]] [[Ronney:Troorane ny Bermioodee]] [[Ronney:America Hwoaie Ghoaldagh]] [[Ronney:Thallooyn Harrish Mooir Goaldagh]] [[Ronney:Coirraghyn volcaanagh ayns America Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Croghaneyn America Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Coloinaghey Sostynagh ayns ny h-Americkyn]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn ny Bermioodee| ]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn America Hwoaie rere croghane]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn ayns twoaie yn Cheayn Sheear]] [[Ronney:Volcaanaghys roie-Holoseenagh]] [[Ronney:Twoaie America]] {{Coord|32.32|N|64.74|W|type:country_region:BM|display=title}} etduy4avzsg1lphinkpoxd6o5rn7l4l 359524 359523 2025-06-22T17:36:02Z MacTire02 219 imraa kiartit 359524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Ny Bermioodee |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|Bermuda {{small|([[Baarle]])}}<br/>Bermy {{small|([[Creeole Bermioodagh]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = ny Bermioodee |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of Bermuda.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Coat_of_arms_of_Bermuda.svg |jalloo_caslys = United_Kingdom_on_the_globe_(Bermuda_special)_(Americas_centered).svg |jarroo-raa = "Quo Fata Ferunt" (<small>[[Ladjyn]]</small>)<br />(Gaelg: "Raad Erbee ta ny Kynoauinyn Gymmyrkey [Shin]") |arrane_ashoonagh = |arrane_reeoil = "[[God Save the King]]"<br/>"Dy Sauiail Jee yn Ree"{{parabr}}{{center|[[Coadan:United States Navy Band - God Save the King.oga]]}}{{parabr}}'''Arrane ashoonagh:''' "[[Hail to Bermuda]]"<br/>(Gaelg: "Dy Bannee da ny Bermioodee"){{parabr}}{{center|[[Coadan:Hail to Bermuda.ogg]]}} |çhengaghyn_oikoil = [[Baarle]] |sorçh_çhengaghyn = Çhegey chadjin |çhengaghyn = [[Creeole Bermioodagh]] |preeu-valley = [[Hamilton, ny Bermioodee|Hamilton]] |latd=32 |latm=18 |latNS=N |longd=64 |longm=47 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = [[St. George's, ny Bermioodee|St. George's]] |sorçh_reiltys = [[Croghane]] [[corys parlamaidagh]] fo [[monarkaght vunraghtoil]] |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Monarkaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Monark]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Kiannoort ny Bermioodee|Kiannoort]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Andrew Murdoch (diploamagh)|Andrew Murdoch]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = [[Toshiagh ny Bermioodee|Toshiagh]] |ennym3_fer-toshee = [[Edward David Burt]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 53.2 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 20.5 |eaghtyr_rhenk = 224oo |ushtey_sy_cheead = 27 |pobble_ooley = 67,837<ref name=cia>{{cite web |author=Central Intelligence Agency |authorlink=Central Intelligence Agency |publisher=[[The World Factbook]] |title=Bermuda |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bd.html |year=2009 |accessdate=17 Jerrey Souree 2010 |archivedate=2020-06-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604143735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bd.html }}</ref> |blein_ooley_pobble = 2009 |rhenk_ooley_pobble = 199oo |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 1,275 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 3,293 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = 7oo |possanyn_kynneeagh = |blein_LTS_CCK = 2007 |LTS_CCK = |rhenk_LTS_CCK = |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = |LTS_ennymagh = US$7.484&nbsp;billoon<ref>{{cite web |title=Data |series=Bermuda |publisher=Yn Banc Dowanagh |url=https://data.worldbank.org/country/BM |url-status=live |access-date=9 Luanistyn 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809152352/https://data.worldbank.org/country/BM |archive-date=9 Luanistyn 2021 }}</ref> |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = 161d |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2019 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = US$117,097 |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = 4oo |blein_ALD = 2013 |ALD = {{increase}} 0.981 |rhenk_ALD = |ronney_ALD = |argid = [[Dollar ny Bermioodee]] |coad_argid = BMD |traa_ynnydagh = [[Cryss Hraa Chadjinit yn Atlantagh|AST]] |ashchur_utc = – 04:00 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa Hollys y Laa Atlantagh|ADT]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = – 03:00 |cctld = [[.bm]] |coad_çhellvane = 1-441 |fo-note1 = |fo-note2 = }} Ta '''ny Bermioodee''' ({{lang-en|Bermuda}}), ny '''Ellanyn Somers''' ({{lang|en|''Somers Isles''}} keayrtyn) nyn [[Thallooyn harrish Mooir Ghoaldagh|Dhallooyn harrish Mooir Goaldagh]] 'sy [[Yn Keayn Sheear|Cheayn Sheear]]. T'ad nyn soie magh veih coose hiar [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] as she [[Cape Hatteras]] ayns [[Carolina Hwoaie]] y thalloo s'girrey da ny h-ellanyn, ga nagh vel y boayl shen ny hoie agh 1,030 kilomeadaryn sheear sheear hwoaie veih ny h-ellanyn. T'ad soit 1,373 km yiass veih [[Halifax, Nalbin Noa|Halifax]], [[Nalbin Noa]], [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]], as 1,770 km shiar hwoaie veih [[Miami]], [[Florida]]. She [[Hamilton, ny Bermioodee|Hamilton]] y [[preeu-valley]]. == Imraaghyn == {{reflist}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{commonscat}} * {{Official website|https://www.gov.bm/|Ynnyd-eggey oikoil}} [[Reiltys ny Bermioodee]] * [http://www.gotobermuda.com/ Turrysid ny Bermioodee] * [http://www.bermuda.com/ Stiurag da ny Bermioodee] * [http://www.parliament.bm/ Parlamaid ny Bermioodee] {{Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{bun}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bermioodee, Ny}} [[Ronney:Ny Bermioodee| ]] [[Ronney:Volcaanyn ayns ny Bermioodee]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns America Hwoaie 'sy vlein 1612]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'syn Impiraght Ghoaldagh 'sy vlein 1612]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1612]] [[Ronney:Ellanree 'sy Cheayn Sheear]] [[Ronney:Troorane ny Bermioodee]] [[Ronney:America Hwoaie Ghoaldagh]] [[Ronney:Thallooyn Harrish Mooir Goaldagh]] [[Ronney:Coirraghyn volcaanagh ayns America Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Croghaneyn America Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Coloinaghey Sostynagh ayns ny h-Americkyn]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn ny Bermioodee| ]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn America Hwoaie rere croghane]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn ayns twoaie yn Cheayn Sheear]] [[Ronney:Volcaanaghys roie-Holoseenagh]] [[Ronney:Twoaie America]] {{Coord|32.32|N|64.74|W|type:country_region:BM|display=title}} k2wycdg5luf0hl4gckfueo262r7s62i 359525 359524 2025-06-22T17:36:40Z MacTire02 219 cair-screeu 359525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Ny Bermioodee |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|Bermuda {{small|([[Baarle]])}}<br/>Bermy {{small|([[Creeole Bermioodagh]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = ny Bermioodee |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of Bermuda.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Coat_of_arms_of_Bermuda.svg |jalloo_caslys = United_Kingdom_on_the_globe_(Bermuda_special)_(Americas_centered).svg |jarroo-raa = "Quo Fata Ferunt" (<small>[[Ladjyn]]</small>)<br />(Gaelg: "Raad Erbee ta ny Kynoauinyn Gymmyrkey [Shin]") |arrane_ashoonagh = |arrane_reeoil = "[[God Save the King]]"<br/>"Dy Sauiail Jee yn Ree"{{parabr}}{{center|[[Coadan:United States Navy Band - God Save the King.oga]]}}{{parabr}}'''Arrane ashoonagh:''' "[[Hail to Bermuda]]"<br/>(Gaelg: "Dy Bannee da ny Bermioodee"){{parabr}}{{center|[[Coadan:Hail to Bermuda.ogg]]}} |çhengaghyn_oikoil = [[Baarle]] |sorçh_çhengaghyn = Çhegey chadjin |çhengaghyn = [[Creeole Bermioodagh]] |preeu-valley = [[Hamilton, ny Bermioodee|Hamilton]] |latd=32 |latm=18 |latNS=N |longd=64 |longm=47 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = [[St. George's, ny Bermioodee|St. George's]] |sorçh_reiltys = [[Croghane]] [[corys parlamaidagh]] fo [[monarkaght vunraghtoil]] |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Monarkaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Monark]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Kiannoort ny Bermioodee|Kiannoort]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Andrew Murdoch (diploamagh)|Andrew Murdoch]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = [[Toshiagh ny Bermioodee|Toshiagh]] |ennym3_fer-toshee = [[Edward David Burt]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 53.2 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 20.5 |eaghtyr_rhenk = 224oo |ushtey_sy_cheead = 27 |pobble_ooley = 67,837<ref name=cia>{{cite web |author=Central Intelligence Agency |authorlink=Central Intelligence Agency |publisher=[[The World Factbook]] |title=Bermuda |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bd.html |year=2009 |accessdate=17 Jerrey Souree 2010 |archivedate=2020-06-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604143735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bd.html }}</ref> |blein_ooley_pobble = 2009 |rhenk_ooley_pobble = 199oo |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 1,275 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 3,293 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = 7oo |possanyn_kynneeagh = |blein_LTS_CCK = 2007 |LTS_CCK = |rhenk_LTS_CCK = |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = |LTS_ennymagh = US$7.484&nbsp;billoon<ref>{{cite web |title=Data |series=Bermuda |publisher=Yn Banc Dowanagh |url=https://data.worldbank.org/country/BM |url-status=live |access-date=9 Luanistyn 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809152352/https://data.worldbank.org/country/BM |archive-date=9 Luanistyn 2021 }}</ref> |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = 161d |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2019 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = US$117,097 |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = 4oo |blein_ALD = 2013 |ALD = {{increase}} 0.981 |rhenk_ALD = |ronney_ALD = |argid = [[Dollar ny Bermioodee]] |coad_argid = BMD |traa_ynnydagh = [[Cryss Hraa Chadjinit yn Atlantagh|AST]] |ashchur_utc = – 04:00 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa Hollys y Laa Atlantagh|ADT]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = – 03:00 |cctld = [[.bm]] |coad_çhellvane = 1-441 |fo-note1 = |fo-note2 = }} Ta '''ny Bermioodee''' ({{lang-en|Bermuda}}), ny '''Ellanyn Somers''' ({{lang|en|''Somers Isles''}}) keayrtyn, nyn [[Thallooyn harrish Mooir Ghoaldagh|Dhallooyn harrish Mooir Goaldagh]] 'sy [[Yn Keayn Sheear|Cheayn Sheear]]. T'ad nyn soie magh veih coose hiar [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] as she [[Cape Hatteras]] ayns [[Carolina Hwoaie]] y thalloo s'girrey da ny h-ellanyn, ga nagh vel y boayl shen ny hoie agh 1,030 kilomeadaryn sheear sheear hwoaie veih ny h-ellanyn. T'ad soit 1,373 km yiass veih [[Halifax, Nalbin Noa|Halifax]], [[Nalbin Noa]], [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]], as 1,770 km shiar hwoaie veih [[Miami]], [[Florida]]. She [[Hamilton, ny Bermioodee|Hamilton]] y [[preeu-valley]]. == Imraaghyn == {{reflist}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{commonscat}} * {{Official website|https://www.gov.bm/|Ynnyd-eggey oikoil}} [[Reiltys ny Bermioodee]] * [http://www.gotobermuda.com/ Turrysid ny Bermioodee] * [http://www.bermuda.com/ Stiurag da ny Bermioodee] * [http://www.parliament.bm/ Parlamaid ny Bermioodee] {{Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{bun}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bermioodee, Ny}} [[Ronney:Ny Bermioodee| ]] [[Ronney:Volcaanyn ayns ny Bermioodee]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns America Hwoaie 'sy vlein 1612]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'syn Impiraght Ghoaldagh 'sy vlein 1612]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1612]] [[Ronney:Ellanree 'sy Cheayn Sheear]] [[Ronney:Troorane ny Bermioodee]] [[Ronney:America Hwoaie Ghoaldagh]] [[Ronney:Thallooyn Harrish Mooir Goaldagh]] [[Ronney:Coirraghyn volcaanagh ayns America Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Croghaneyn America Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Coloinaghey Sostynagh ayns ny h-Americkyn]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn ny Bermioodee| ]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn America Hwoaie rere croghane]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn ayns twoaie yn Cheayn Sheear]] [[Ronney:Volcaanaghys roie-Holoseenagh]] [[Ronney:Twoaie America]] {{Coord|32.32|N|64.74|W|type:country_region:BM|display=title}} ha22gl5hgc7dr49n04jlluo34jd68p5 359538 359525 2025-06-22T18:22:34Z MacTire02 219 enmy y chlowan 359538 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Ny Bermioodee |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|Bermuda {{small|([[Baarle]])}}<br/>Bermy {{small|([[Creeole Bermioodagh]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = ny Bermioodee |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of Bermuda.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Coat_of_arms_of_Bermuda.svg |jalloo_caslys = United_Kingdom_on_the_globe_(Bermuda_special)_(Americas_centered).svg |jarroo-raa = "Quo Fata Ferunt" (<small>[[Ladjyn]]</small>)<br />(Gaelg: "Raad Erbee ta ny Kynoauinyn Gymmyrkey [Shin]") |arrane_ashoonagh = |arrane_reeoil = "[[God Save the King]]"<br/>"Dy Sauiail Jee yn Ree"{{parabr}}{{center|[[Coadan:United States Navy Band - God Save the King.oga]]}}{{parabr}}'''Arrane ashoonagh:''' "[[Hail to Bermuda]]"<br/>(Gaelg: "Dy Bannee da ny Bermioodee"){{parabr}}{{center|[[Coadan:Hail to Bermuda.ogg]]}} |çhengaghyn_oikoil = [[Baarle]] |sorçh_çhengaghyn = Çhegey chadjin |çhengaghyn = [[Creeole Bermioodagh]] |preeu-valley = [[Hamilton, ny Bermioodee|Hamilton]] |latd=32 |latm=18 |latNS=N |longd=64 |longm=47 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = [[St. George's, ny Bermioodee|St. George's]] |sorçh_reiltys = [[Croghane]] [[corys parlamaidagh]] fo [[monarkaght vunraghtoil]] |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Monarkaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Monark]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Kiannoort ny Bermioodee|Kiannoort]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Andrew Murdoch (diploamagh)|Andrew Murdoch]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = [[Toshiagh ny Bermioodee|Toshiagh]] |ennym3_fer-toshee = [[Edward David Burt]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 53.2 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 20.5 |eaghtyr_rhenk = 224oo |ushtey_sy_cheead = 27 |pobble_ooley = 67,837<ref name=cia>{{cite web |author=Central Intelligence Agency |authorlink=Central Intelligence Agency |publisher=[[The World Factbook]] |title=Bermuda |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bd.html |year=2009 |accessdate=17 Jerrey Souree 2010 |archivedate=2020-06-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604143735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bd.html }}</ref> |blein_ooley_pobble = 2009 |rhenk_ooley_pobble = 199oo |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 1,275 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 3,293 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = 7oo |possanyn_kynneeagh = |blein_LTS_CCK = 2007 |LTS_CCK = |rhenk_LTS_CCK = |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = |LTS_ennymagh = US$7.484&nbsp;billoon<ref>{{cite web |title=Data |series=Bermuda |publisher=Yn Banc Dowanagh |url=https://data.worldbank.org/country/BM |url-status=live |access-date=9 Luanistyn 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809152352/https://data.worldbank.org/country/BM |archive-date=9 Luanistyn 2021 }}</ref> |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = 161d |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2019 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = US$117,097 |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = 4oo |blein_ALD = 2013 |ALD = {{increase}} 0.981 |rhenk_ALD = |ronney_ALD = |argid = [[Dollar ny Bermioodee]] |coad_argid = BMD |traa_ynnydagh = [[Cryss Hraa Chadjinit yn Atlantagh|AST]] |ashchur_utc = – 04:00 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa Hollys y Laa Atlantagh|ADT]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = – 03:00 |cctld = [[.bm]] |coad_çhellvane = 1-441 |fo-note1 = |fo-note2 = }} Ta '''ny Bermioodee''' ({{lang-en|Bermuda}}), ny '''Ellanyn Somers''' ({{lang|en|''Somers Isles''}}) keayrtyn, nyn [[Thallooyn harrish Mooir Ghoaldagh|Dhallooyn harrish Mooir Goaldagh]] 'sy [[Yn Keayn Sheear|Cheayn Sheear]]. T'ad nyn soie magh veih coose hiar [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] as she [[Cape Hatteras]] ayns [[Carolina Hwoaie]] y thalloo s'girrey da ny h-ellanyn, ga nagh vel y boayl shen ny hoie agh 1,030 kilomeadaryn sheear sheear hwoaie veih ny h-ellanyn. T'ad soit 1,373 km yiass veih [[Halifax, Nalbin Noa|Halifax]], [[Nalbin Noa]], [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]], as 1,770 km shiar hwoaie veih [[Miami]], [[Florida]]. She [[Hamilton, ny Bermioodee|Hamilton]] y [[preeu-valley]]. == Imraaghyn == {{reflist}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{commonscat}} * {{Official website|https://www.gov.bm/|Ynnyd-eggey oikoil}} [[Reiltys ny Bermioodee]] * [http://www.gotobermuda.com/ Turrysid ny Bermioodee] * [http://www.bermuda.com/ Stiurag da ny Bermioodee] * [http://www.parliament.bm/ Parlamaid ny Bermioodee] {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{bun}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bermioodee, Ny}} [[Ronney:Ny Bermioodee| ]] [[Ronney:Volcaanyn ayns ny Bermioodee]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns America Hwoaie 'sy vlein 1612]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'syn Impiraght Ghoaldagh 'sy vlein 1612]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1612]] [[Ronney:Ellanree 'sy Cheayn Sheear]] [[Ronney:Troorane ny Bermioodee]] [[Ronney:America Hwoaie Ghoaldagh]] [[Ronney:Thallooyn Harrish Mooir Goaldagh]] [[Ronney:Coirraghyn volcaanagh ayns America Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Croghaneyn America Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Coloinaghey Sostynagh ayns ny h-Americkyn]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn ny Bermioodee| ]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn America Hwoaie rere croghane]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn ayns twoaie yn Cheayn Sheear]] [[Ronney:Volcaanaghys roie-Holoseenagh]] [[Ronney:Twoaie America]] {{Coord|32.32|N|64.74|W|type:country_region:BM|display=title}} qjjoimv9t5lqzzsoid9jji9aubvv2uf 14 18401 359582 285711 2025-06-23T02:12:25Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 359582 wikitext text/x-wiki {{commonscat}} {{Catmore}} [[Ronney:Dooghys]] [[Ronney:Baght]] qgkntlv2rk3yipa2k2jmheoyos1q0r8 359583 359582 2025-06-23T02:13:15Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 359583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{commonscat}} {{Catmore}} [[Ronney:Dooghys]] [[Ronney:Tastey]] fleyv9csggy4p8var0z8rwudrjb9y5u 0 26203 359574 348207 2025-06-23T01:55:45Z MacTire02 219 ronnaghyn elley 359574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | fo-heidyl = Co-chaslys lurg baase jeh Columbus liorish [[Sebastiano del Piombo]], 1519. Cha nel co-chaslyssyn firrinagh jeh Columbus ayn.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lester |first1=Paul M. |title=Looks are deceiving: The portraits of Christopher Columbus |journal=Visual Anthropology |date=Jerrey Geuree 1993 |volume=5 |issue=3–4 |pages=211–227 |doi=10.1080/08949468.1993.9966590 }}</ref> | ennym_ruggyr = Cristoforo Corombo | boayl_ruggyr = [[Genova]], [[Pobblaght Genova]] | date_ruggyr = 1451 | date_baaish = 20 Boaldyn 1506 | boayl_baaish = [[Valladolid]], [[Crooin y Chashteel|y Chashteel]] }} '''Christopher Columbus''' (ruggit eddyr 25 Luanistyn as 31 Jerrey Fouyir 1451, hooar baase 20 Boaldyn 1506), she ronseyder as shiaulteyr Iddaalagh ren [[Marrinyssyn Christopher Columbus|kiare marrinyssyn harrish y Cheayn Sheear]] fo gialdynys [[Monarkyn Catoleagh y Spaainey]], foshley yn bollagh da [[Eash y Ronsaghey Magh|ronsaghey]] as [[Coloinaghey America|coloinaghey Oarpagh America]]. Ta ny marrinyssyn echey coontit myr y chied cheayrt ren ny h-Oarpee cur fys er y Charib, America Veanagh, as America Yiass. Ta'n ennym ''Christopher Columbus'' çheet ass {{lang|la|Christophorus Columbus}} y Ladjyn. Ta scoillaryn coardail dy row Columbus ruggit ayns [[Pobblaght Genova]] as dy loayr eh abbyt y [[Ligoorish]] myr çhengey ny mayrey echey. Hie eh magh er y vooir tra v'eh foast aeg as ren eh jurnaaghey dy lheeadagh, cha foddey twoaie as [[ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh]] as cha foddey jiass as thalloo t'er enney jiu myr [[Yn Ghaney|y Ghaney]]. Phoose eh rish y ven ooasle Phortiugagh [[Filipa Moniz Perestrelo]], rug y mac echey Diego, as v'eh bunnit ayns Lisbon feie shiartanse dy vleeantyn. Ny s'anmey, ghow eh lhiannan Cashteelagh, [[Beatriz Enríquez de Arana]], rug y mac echey, Fernando (er n'enmyssey Hernando chammah).<ref name="Fernández-Armesto2010">{{cite book |last1=Fernández-Armesto |first1=Felipe |title=Columbus on Himself |year=2010 |publisher=Hackett Publishing |isbn=978-1-60384-317-1 |page=270 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jZmOBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA270 }}</ref><ref name="Taviani201624">{{cite book |last1=Taviani |first1=Paolo Emilio |editor1-last=Bedini |editor1-first=Silvio A. |title=The Christopher Columbus Encyclopedia |year=2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-349-12573-9 |pages=24–25 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gmmMCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24 |chapter=Beatriz de Arana}}</ref> Son y chooid smoo, va Columbus hene-ynsit, as s'lheeadagh ren Columbus lhaih y çheer-oaylleeaght, y rollageydys, as y shennaghys. Lhiassee eh cummey bollagh marrey sheear y gheddyn da [[ny h-Injyn Shiar]], geearree vondeish y gheddyn voish [[traght ny spisyn|traght vondeishagh ny spisyn]]. Lurg [[Caggey Granada]], as erreish da ren Columbus cur shilley er ram reeriaghtyn, ren ny Monarkyn Catoleagh [[Ysbal I y Chashteel|Benrein Ysbal I]] as [[Fernando II Aragón|Ree Fernando II]] coardail cummal seose marrinys sheear. Daag Columbus y Chashteel ayns Luanistyn 1492 as tree lhong echey as ren eh roshtyn mooar-rheynn America er 12 Jerrey Fouyir, cur jerrey rish eash chummaltys deiney v'ayn t'er enney jiu myr [[yn eash roie-Cholombagh]]. She ellan ayns [[ny Bahamaghyn]] va'n boayl tarlheimagh echey, v'er enney ec ny dooghyssee myr [[Guanahani]]. Lurg shen, ren eh keayrt er ny h-ellanyn t'er enney jiu myr [[Yn Choobey|y Choobey]] as [[Hispaniola]], raad chur eh [[La Navidad|coloin]] er bun ayns boayl ta coontit jiu myr ayrn jeh Haiti. Haink Columbus er ash dys y Chashteel ayns 1493, gymmyrkey kuse dy gheiney dooghyssagh goit lesh. Er y gherrid, hie [[Lettyr Columbus er y chied varrinys|naight y varrinys echey]] er ny skeayley feie'n Oarpey. Ren Columbus tree marrinys elley dys America, ronsaghey [[ny h-Antillaghyn Beggey]] ayns 1493, [[Yn Trinaid (ellan)|y Trinaid]] as coose hwoaie America Yiass ayns 1498, as coose hiar America Veanagh ayns 1502. Hug eh enmyn da ram cummaghyn thalloin, ellanyn er lheh, as t'ad foast ayn jiu. Hug eh yn ennym ''indios'' ("Injinee") dys [[Sleih dooghyssagh mooar-rheynn America|sleih dooghyssagh]] chur eh fys er. Cha nel eh baghtal my row eh credjal dy nee mooar-rheynn er lheh va America. Myr kiannoort coloinagh, ren co-emshiree echey cassid er Columbus er y veishtallys trome-cheeallagh as v'eh goit ass yn oik. Myr eiyrtys er y vooinjerys sheeynt rish [[Crooin y Chashteel]] as ny kiannoortyn pointit ayns America, va Columbus goit as arrit ass Hispaniola ayns 1500. Ren marrinyssyn Columbus cur eash ronsee, varriaght, as choloinee er bun hie er mayrn feie keeadyn dy vleeantyn, tayrn America stiagh ayns cruinney cummaght yn Oarpey. Ta livrey-ys earraghtyn, eieyn, as deiney eddyr y [[Yn Shenn Theihll|y Çhenn Theihll]] as [[Yn Seihll Noa|y Seihll Noa]] lurg e chied varrinys goll er enney myr [[Yn coonrey Colombagh|y coonrey Colombagh]]. Va Columbus kelloorit dy lheeadagh lurg e vaaish, agh ta'n barel theayagh er ny vrishey car y 21d eash er-yn-oyr dy vel scoillaryn cur fys er h-asseeyn va jeant fo'n chiannoortys echey, goaill stiagh jee-chummaltys ny deiney dooghyssagh [[Taíno]] as y [[sleabaght|cleabaght]] oc ayns Hispaniola. Ta ram buill foast gymmyrkey yn ennym echey, goaill stiagh [[Yn Cholombey|y Cholombey]], [[Slyst y Cholombey]], as [[Yn Cholombey Ghoaldagh|y Cholombey Ghoaldagh]]. ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Commons|Christophorus Columbus|Christopher Columbus}} {{Wikiquote}} {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Columbus, Christopher}} [[Ronney:Christopher Columbus| ]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1451]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1506]] [[Ronney:Yn Choobey ayns ny 1490yn]] [[Ronney:Yn Charib ayns ny 1490yn]] [[Ronney:America Hwoaie 'sy vlein 1492]] [[Ronney:Ronsaghey magh Spaainagh car yn Eash Chronnee]] [[Ronney:Kiannoortyn coloinagh Santo Domingo]] [[Ronney:Mooinjer Columbus]] [[Ronney:Ronseyderyn er America Veanagh]] [[Ronney:Shennaghys Hispaniola]] [[Ronney:Shennaghys y Charib]] [[Ronney:Ronseyderyn Iddaalagh]] ivyx86jvyacsjbjwpmmznguhjqkb82s 0 32770 359576 351925 2025-06-23T01:56:58Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 359576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys shenn-çheer |mooar-rheynn = America Hwoaie |ard = |stayd = |çheer = |eash = [[Coloinaghey Frangagh ny h-Americkyn|Coloinagh]]/[[Caggey ny Frangee as ny h-Injinee|Caggey ny Frangee as ny {{nowrap|h-Injinee}}]] |sorçh_reiltys = [[Lhiass-reeriaght]] jeh [[Reeriaght y Rank]] |tammylt = 1534–1763 |blein_hoshee = 1534 |blein_yerrinagh = 1763 |ennym_gienneydagh= y Rank Noa |ennym_dooghyssagh= <small>''Nouvelle-France''{{barnaghyn|2}}{{aahowse|75%|([[Frangish|fr]])}}</small> |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtit = Y Rank Noa |taghyrt_toshiaght= Toshiaght ronsaghey magh [[yn Chanadey]] lesh [[Jacques Cartier]] |date_toshee = 24 Jerrey Souree 1534 |taghyrt_jerrey = Rere [[Conaant Phaarys (1763)|Conaant Phaarys]], lhig [[Louisagh XV]] y Rank Noa da'n [[Reeriaght y Vretyn Vooar|Vretyn Vooar]] |date_jerrinagh = 10 Toshiaght Arree 1763 |taghyrt1 = Ren [[Louisagh XIV]] mestey yn Rank Noa stiagh 'sy çhiarnys reeoil, chur eh [[Coonseil Ard-reeoil y Rank Noa|reireydys]] noa er bun, as vunnee eh [[Colught Frangagh yn Injey Heear]] |date_taghyrt1 = 18 Mean Fouyir 1663 |taghyrt2 = Rere [[Conaant Utrecht]], lhig [[Reeriaght y Rank|y Rank]] y chooid smoo jeh [[Acadia]] da [[Reeriaght y Vretyn Vooar]] chammah as e aggyrtyssyn er [[Thalloo yn Eeast (ellan)|Thalloo yn Eeast]] as [[Baie Hudson]] |date_taghyrt2 = 11 Averil 1713 |caslys_brattagh = Royal_flag_of_France.svg |caslys_cowrey = Coat_of_Arms_of_Kingdom_of_France.svg |sorçh_cowrey = Armys |caslys_çheerey = New_France_(orthographic_projection).svg |preeu-valley = [[Québec]] |jarroo-raa_ashoonagh = ''[[Montjoie Saint Denis!]]'' |çhengaghyn_cadjin= [[Frangish]] |craueeaght = [[Catoleaghys Raueagh]] |argid = [[livre tournois]] |enmys_fer-toshee = [[Rolley monarkyn y Rank|Ree]] |fer-toshee1 = [[Frank I y Rank]] (y chied) |blein_fer-toshee1= 1534–1547 |fer-toshee2 = {{nowrap|[[Louisagh XV]] (jerrinagh)}} |blein_fer-toshee2= 1715–1763 |enmys_lhiass = [[Rolley ard-chiannoortyn y Chanadey|Lhiass-rhee yn Rank Noa]] |lhiass1 = [[Jacques Cartier]] (y chied; myr Kiannoort y Rank Noa) |blein_lhiass1 = 1534–1541 |lhiass2 = [[Pierre de Rigaud de Vaudreuil]] (jerrinagh) |blein_lhiass2 = 1755–1760 |quaiyl = [[Coonseil Ard-reeoil y Rank Noa|Y Choonseil Ard-reeoil]] |staydraa_eaghtyr1= 8000000 }} Ta'n '''Rank Noa''' ({{lang-fr|Nouvelle-France}}) çheet er y thalloo v'er ny choloinaghey liorish y [[Reeriaght y Rank|Rank]] ayns [[America Hwoaie]], goaill toshiaght rish ronsaghey magh [[Lhoob Laurys Noo]] liorish [[Jacques Cartier]] ayns 1534 as goaill jerrey rish coyrt seose y Rank Noa da'n [[Reeriaght y Vretyn Vooar|Vretyn Vooar]] as y [[Shennaghys y Spaainey (1700–1808)|Spaainey]] ayns 1763 fo [[Conaant Phaarys (1763)|Conaant Phaarys]]. Va'n Rank Noa ny [[lhiass-reeriaght]] feer vooar va jeant seose jeh queig coloinyn ec e mullagh ayns 1712, lesh reireydys hene ec dagh coloin: [[yn Chanadey (y Rank Noa)|y Chanadey]], y coloin smoo lhiassit va rhennit magh ayns ny slystyn Québec (mygeayrt [[Caayr Québec]]), [[Trois-Rivières]], as [[Montréal]]; [[Baie Hudson]]; [[Acadia]] 'sy niar hwoaie; [[Terre-Neuve (y Rank Noa)|Terre-Neuve]] er ellan [[Thalloo yn Eeast (ellan)|Halloo yn Eeast]]; as [[Louisiana (y Rank Noa)|Louisiana]].<ref name=Francis2009>{{cite book |first1=R. Douglas |last1=Francis |first2=Richard |last2=Jones |first3=Donald B. |last3=Smith |title=Journeys: A History of Canada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GbbZRIOKclsC&pg=PA51 |year=2009 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-0-17-644244-6 |page=51}}</ref><ref name=Territoire>{{cite web |url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/nllefce/fr/intro.htm |title=La Nouvelle France: Le Territoire |trans-title=New France: The Territory |publisher=Reiltys y Rank |language=fr |access-date=16 Jerrey Geuree 2017 |archive-date=20 Mean Fouyir 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920111912/http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/nllefce/fr/intro.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Heeyn eh magh veih Thalloo yn Eeast dys [[Faasaghyn Faiyr y Chanadey]] as veih Baie Hudson dys [[Lhoob Veksico]], goaill stiagh dagh fer jeh [[Loghyn Mooarey America Hwoaie]]. 'Sy 16oo eash, ren ny coloinee ymmyd jeh ny thallooyn son tayrn magh cooid najooragh, lheid as shehghyn, trooid traght lesh sleih bun-dooghyssagh eigsoylagh. 'Sy 17oo eash, hoshee troggalys er baljyn rahoil ayns Acadia as Québec. Rere [[Shee Utrecht|Conaant Utrecht ayns 1713]], lhig y Rank e aggyrtys harrish Acadia vooar-heeragh, Baie Hudson, as Thalloo yn Eeast da'n Vretyn Vooar. Ayns ynnyd shen, vunnee yn Rank coloin [[Île-Royale (y Rank Noa)|Île Royale]] er [[Eilean Cheap Bhreatainn]], raad hrogg ad [[Peeley Louisbourg]].<ref name=Johnston2001>{{cite book |title=Control and Order in French Colonial Louisbourg, 1713–1758 |first=Andrew John Bayly |last=Johnston |year=2001 |publisher=MSU Press |pages=8–9 |isbn=978-0-8701-3570-5 |jstor=10.14321/j.ctt7zt68f |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JIV6AAAAMAAJ}}</ref><ref name=Louisbourg>{{cite web |url=http://www.fortressoflouisbourg.ca/Overview/mid/12 |title=History |publisher=Fortress of Louisbourg Association |access-date=23 Averil 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723021109/http://www.fortressoflouisbourg.ca/Overview/mid/12 |archive-date=23 Jerrey Souree 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dirree earroo yn phobble dy moal agh dy shickyr. Ayns 1754, va pobble y Rank Noa jeant seose ass 10,000 [[Acadee]], 55,000 ''[[Canadee Rangagh|Canadiens]]'', as mysh 4,000 coloinee ayns [[Louisiana (y Rank Noa)|Louisiana heese as heose]]; 69,000 'sy clane.<ref>{{cite web |first=Jacques |last=Leclerc|author-link=:fr:Jacques Leclerc (linguiste) |url=https://www.uottawa.ca/clmc/linguistic-history/arrival-europeans |title=Arrival of the Europeans: Canada at the Time of New France |series=Linguistic History of Canada |publisher=University of Ottawa online |year=2018}}</ref> Cheau ny Goaldee ny h-Acadee magh 'sy [[Ruightey ny h-Acadee|Vusthaa Mooar]] eddyr 1755 as 1764, t'er ny ve cooilleeinit er [[Eam Reeoil 2003|28 Jerrey Souree]] dagh blein veih 2003. Ta ny sluightee skeaylt magh harrish [[ny Queiggaghyn Mooiragh|Queiggaghyn Mooiragh]] y Chanadey as ayns [[Maine]] as [[Louisiana]], lesh pobbylyn beggey ayns [[Chéticamp, Nalbin Noa]], as [[Ellanyn Valaine#Shennaghys|Ellanyn Valaine]]. Hie fir jeu dys y Rank chammah. Lurg [[Caggey ny Shiaght Bleeaney]] (ghow stiagh [[Caggey ny Frangee as ny h-Injinee]] ayns America), lhig y Rank y chooid elley jeh'n Rank Noa da'n Vretyn Vooar as y Spaainey ayns [[Conaant Phaarys (1763)|Conaant Phaarys]] ayns 1763 (faagail magh ny h-ellanyn ayns [[Saint Pierre as Miquelon]]). Hooar y Vretyn Vooar y Chanadey, Acadia, as Louisiana Rangagh çheu hiar jeh [[Awin Mississippi]], faagail magh [[Île d'Orléans, Louisiana|Île d'Orléans]], va giootit da'n Spaainey lesh y thalloo 'sy neear. Ayns 1800, hug y Spaainey [[Louisiana (y Spaainey Noa)|e chooid jeh Louisiana]] er ash dys y Rank fo [[Trass Conaant San Ildefonso|Conaant San Ildefonso]] folliaghtagh, as ren [[Napoléon Bonaparte]] creck eh dys ny Steatyn Unnaneysit ayns [[Kionneeaght Louisiana]] ayns 1803, red chur jerrey beayn rish eabyn coloinagh y Rank er mooar-heer America. Haink y Rank Noa dy ve mestit stiagh ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit as 'sy Chanadey. She [[Saint Pierre as Miquelon]], [[co-chadjinys harrish mooir]], yn ynrican lorg jeh reirey yn Rank ta faagit, ga dy vel y chooid smoo jeh pobble Québec foast nyn Vrangisheyryn. Ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit, ta eiraght y Rank Noa goaill stiagh [[Rolley boayl-enmyn jeh bun Frangagh ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|ram boayl-enmyn]] chammah as bluckanyn dy [[Frangish ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|phobbylyn Frangish]]. ==Imraaghyn== {{commonscat|New France|y Rank Noa}} {{reflist}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rank Noa}} [[Ronney:Yn Rank Noa| ]] [[Ronney:America Hwoaie 'sy 16oo eash]] [[Ronney:America Hwoaie 'sy 17oo eash]] [[Ronney:America Hwoaie 'sy 18oo eash]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns America Hwoaie 'sy vlein 1534]] [[Ronney:Jee-vunneeaghtyn ayns America Hwoaie 'sy vlein 1763]] [[Ronney:Laaraghyn coloinagh ayns America Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Shennaghys coloinaghey ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Coloinaghey Oarpagh ayns America Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Coloinaghey Frangagh ayns ny h-Americkyn|*]] [[Ronney:Ronsaghey magh Frangagh car yn Eash Chronnee]] [[Ronney:Aa-choloinyn ayns America Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Yn Chanadey roie-Chochianglagh]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1534]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn jee-vunnit 'sy vlein 1763]] [[Ronney:Lhiass-reeriaghtyn]] [[Ronney:Yn Chanadey Hiar]] b1rcz5pr8ytwsdgisnzba6gy39bxog4 14 38323 359570 351254 2025-06-23T01:34:46Z MacTire02 219 +ronney 359570 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Shennaghys y choloinaghys| Oarpagh]] [[Ronney:Shennaghys yn Oarpey rere bun-chooish|Choloinaghys]] [[Ronney:Arraghyn shenndeeagh]] [[Ronney:Kynneeaghys 'syn Oarpey]] 2s9wtpaey2wda77d0sgz78491og8eqx 14 40854 359539 2025-06-22T18:23:10Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 359539 wikitext text/x-wiki {{state est cat|1612}} iitv85agtf88lde656sxth146qyap1l 14 40855 359540 2025-06-22T18:24:28Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 359540 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stateestdecade|16|1|17oo}} s596de9f5yeqhpoqdzngpan7fakqunv 14 40856 359541 2025-06-22T18:25:49Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 359541 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|1610s establishments|Bunneeaghtyn ayns ny 1610yn}} [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'sy 17oo eash| 10]] [[Ronney:Toshiaghtyn ayns ny 1610yn]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn rere jeihaght|1610]] [[Ronney:Taghyrtyn ayns ny 1610yn]] k0kbwbkkcslwe0idsuwp40hrvp6x3wc 14 40857 359542 2025-06-22T18:27:10Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 359542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|1612 establishments|Bunneeaghtyn 'sy vlein 1612}} [[Ronney:Toshiaghtyn 'sy vlein 1612]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns ny 1610yn| 2]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn rere blein|1612]] 7dwddtfgckfa9mhm1fhw0qc2x57t7y5 14 40858 359547 2025-06-22T22:47:24Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 359547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{cat more|Reagheydys Steatyn y Charib Hiar}} [[Ronney:Reagheydys Steatyn y Charib Hiar|Cheeraghyn]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn rere reagheydys eddyrashoonagh|Reagheydys Steatyn y Charib Hiar]] j5vpvmlu10bg7ptvpe6jdgh9r8nif61 14 40859 359548 2025-06-22T22:50:11Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 359548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons cat|Windward Islands|Ellanyn ny Geayee}} {{catmore}} [[Ronney:Ny h-Antillaghyn Beggey| Geayee]] ph66djgf3uqufd8lcg24fjtuh3dl68l 14 40860 359551 2025-06-22T22:54:48Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 359551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Catmore}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Charib}} [[Ronney:Coloinaghyn Frangagh ayns ny h-Americkyn]] [[Ronney:America Hwoaie Rangagh]] [[Ronney:Injyn Sheear y Rank]] kq8cuu3y70qbrffg26coj2zxcl4q8h7 359552 359551 2025-06-22T23:42:40Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 359552 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Catmore}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Charib}} [[Ronney:Coloinaghey Frangagh ayns ny h-Americkyn]] [[Ronney:America Hwoaie Rangagh]] [[Ronney:Injyn Sheear y Rank]] lxx1dxxc3fc4s0yiltubcipvj6rzmp3 14 40861 359553 2025-06-22T23:44:10Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 359553 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Reiltys coloinagh ayns ny h-Injyn Sheear|Rank]] [[Ronney:Aa-choloinyn ayns America Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Aa-heeraghyn y Charib]] [[Ronney:Impiraght choloinagh y Rank]] 9iamokvaz5vh6qzhqv8ybifmh7rizg0 14 40862 359554 2025-06-22T23:47:19Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 359554 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Ny h-Injyn Sheear]] [[Ronney:Shennaghys y Charib|+]] [[Ronney:Aa-choloinyn ayns America Hwoaie|Injyn 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