Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.23 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 16726 819836 819835 2026-04-09T11:59:33Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819836 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> 4hxp9g50wb8fv3efipnprbc7c7c0w2a 819837 819836 2026-04-09T12:02:44Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819837 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> dbq9bfnftrfn7run8zedoej33hyc6cq 819838 819837 2026-04-09T12:04:25Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819838 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> 5j1fweq3pj2sgw850hhtjm8re0851pz 819840 819838 2026-04-09T12:05:37Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819840 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> fkxen5t61e40wno4rm5qzzsfj3q4nb5 819842 819840 2026-04-09T12:07:33Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819842 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> 6jsl6ue9v1hm0qyltw9ldh51dlsd8cy 819843 819842 2026-04-09T12:08:46Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819843 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> iulhlg6ncijttlz5dki5mesfyu2tkpm 819844 819843 2026-04-09T12:22:59Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819844 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> pkmmx6i3g35sehfymy2be2kiititvqd 819845 819844 2026-04-09T12:24:09Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819845 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> 7xjn7ccw0uklp32vsg1xy113uv5t11w 819846 819845 2026-04-09T12:24:51Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819846 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> ax09mjqu7dkwrso2ht8kiw50g1k08xu 819847 819846 2026-04-09T12:25:59Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819847 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> 6h9x0pa467l3wi4ovjv5aevs82jzgu0 819848 819847 2026-04-09T12:26:51Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819848 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> 384tzwn7mndqpb7xal034uvdxpbfg73 819849 819848 2026-04-09T12:27:34Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819849 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> 6j66h7yz6c096vh4wpkinfpoix9d2oc 819850 819849 2026-04-09T12:28:26Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819850 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> 4ba6hgz0wzr1n4pvt4xag0qqeakj44y 819851 819850 2026-04-09T12:29:03Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819851 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> 22hofnfo1peot8i9cy519zbbbc5umox 819852 819851 2026-04-09T12:30:48Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819852 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, kai, wanene nan! Ihu! Barawon!" === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> 398ob4haj7d7yp313lra1k97119pf6o 819853 819852 2026-04-09T12:31:50Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819853 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, kai, wanene nan! Ihu! Barawon!" Sai mutane suka taru, === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> 637cn74efn6n54qfi0ax9u846ilzoeq 819854 819853 2026-04-09T12:32:56Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819854 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, kai, wanene nan! Ihu! Barawon!" Sai mutane suka taru. Aka yi ta jifa, === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> ng0g2u8a51thetbnsnew1f1xlqfwj7o 819855 819854 2026-04-09T12:33:42Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819855 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, kai, wanene nan! Ihu! Barawon!" Sai mutane suka taru. Aka yi ta jifa, har gari ya waye. === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> hpsfix3z5wq4qld6g0nc49qmocccnx7 819856 819855 2026-04-09T12:34:44Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819856 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, kai, wanene nan! Ihu! Barawon!" Sai mutane suka taru. Aka yi ta jifa, har gari ya waye. Can sai wani yaro mai saiti, ya sami keyar === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> ccn401mzsb1aagd14nri4pudi8tdemq 819857 819856 2026-04-09T12:38:07Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819857 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, kai, wanene nan! Ihu! Barawon!" Sai mutane suka taru. Aka yi ta jifa, har gari ya waye. Can sai wani yaro mai saiti, ya sami keyar barawon nan, ya harbe shi da tsakuwa ji kake kwaal! === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> ffk8gwbt6i5r32vu4893u8bnanqb4b8 819863 819857 2026-04-09T13:27:12Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819863 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, kai, wanene nan! Ihu! Barawon!" Sai mutane suka taru. Aka yi ta jifa, har gari ya waye. Can sai wani yaro mai saiti, ya sami keyar barawon nan, ya harbe shi da tsakuwa ji kake kwaal! Da barawon ya waiwayo cikin radadin zafin === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> 03863rlqvzonvwv1oj6f506zhvyvk1e 819864 819863 2026-04-09T13:28:38Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819864 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, kai, wanene nan! Ihu! Barawon!" Sai mutane suka taru. Aka yi ta jifa, har gari ya waye. Can sai wani yaro mai saiti, ya sami keyar barawon nan, ya harbe shi da tsakuwa ji kake kwaal! Da barawon ya waiwayo cikin radadin zafin harbi. Sai kuwa matarsa dake === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> batjvb651z81xarsbx7q9uje8u578s3 819865 819864 2026-04-09T13:29:45Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819865 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, kai, wanene nan! Ihu! Barawon!" Sai mutane suka taru. Aka yi ta jifa, har gari ya waye. Can sai wani yaro mai saiti, ya sami keyar barawon nan, ya harbe shi da tsakuwa ji kake kwaal! Da barawon ya waiwayo cikin radadin zafin harbi. Sai kuwa matarsa dake cikin 'yan kallo ta sheda shi. === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> 719glcbmsggguxgzlrc35mff7660gm4 819866 819865 2026-04-09T13:31:46Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819866 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, kai, wanene nan! Ihu! Barawon!" Sai mutane suka taru. Aka yi ta jifa, har gari ya waye. Can sai wani yaro mai saiti, ya sami keyar barawon nan, ya harbe shi da tsakuwa ji kake kwaal! Da barawon ya waiwayo cikin radadin zafin harbi. Sai kuwa matarsa dake cikin 'yan kallo ta sheda shi. Ta ce, === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> smw1eqtc5zwinzov1oleqpdkho9750b 819867 819866 2026-04-09T13:33:44Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819867 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, kai, wanene nan! Ihu! Barawon!" Sai mutane suka taru. Aka yi ta jifa, har gari ya waye. Can sai wani yaro mai saiti, ya sami keyar barawon nan, ya harbe shi da tsakuwa ji kake kwaal! Da barawon ya waiwayo cikin radadin zafin harbi. Sai kuwa matarsa dake cikin 'yan kallo ta sheda shi. Ta ce, "ai shi ne!" Aka === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> ctg4f4iegs2qn13cze8a6mlccwsnxrm 819868 819867 2026-04-09T13:35:01Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819868 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, kai, wanene nan! Ihu! Barawon!" Sai mutane suka taru. Aka yi ta jifa, har gari ya waye. Can sai wani yaro mai saiti, ya sami keyar barawon nan, ya harbe shi da tsakuwa ji kake kwaal! Da barawon ya waiwayo cikin radadin zafin harbi. Sai kuwa matarsa dake cikin 'yan kallo ta sheda shi. Ta ce, "ai shi ne!" Aka ce, "shi ne wa?" === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> 640y8sh6z2bi34v7qt0ent6yz44lowj 819869 819868 2026-04-09T13:36:02Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819869 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, kai, wanene nan! Ihu! Barawon!" Sai mutane suka taru. Aka yi ta jifa, har gari ya waye. Can sai wani yaro mai saiti, ya sami keyar barawon nan, ya harbe shi da tsakuwa ji kake kwaal! Da barawon ya waiwayo cikin radadin zafin harbi. Sai kuwa matarsa dake cikin 'yan kallo ta sheda shi. Ta ce, "ai shi ne!" Aka ce, "shi ne wa?" Daga karshe dai aka gane === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> 1ggs19g5uolljwz1dqutvy5ht35fcl5 819870 819869 2026-04-09T13:36:45Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819870 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, kai, wanene nan! Ihu! Barawon!" Sai mutane suka taru. Aka yi ta jifa, har gari ya waye. Can sai wani yaro mai saiti, ya sami keyar barawon nan, ya harbe shi da tsakuwa ji kake kwaal! Da barawon ya waiwayo cikin radadin zafin harbi. Sai kuwa matarsa dake cikin 'yan kallo ta sheda shi. Ta ce, "ai shi ne!" Aka ce, "shi ne wa?" Daga karshe dai aka gane tana nufin mijinta ne. === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> q4pw1ezdsc20sryzhgxh8weu4fn9lz0 819871 819870 2026-04-09T13:48:44Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819871 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, kai, wanene nan! Ihu! Barawon!" Sai mutane suka taru. Aka yi ta jifa, har gari ya waye. Can sai wani yaro mai saiti, ya sami keyar barawon nan, ya harbe shi da tsakuwa ji kake kwaal! Da barawon ya waiwayo cikin radadin zafin harbi. Sai kuwa matarsa dake cikin 'yan kallo ta sheda shi. Ta ce, "ai shi ne!" Aka ce, "shi ne wa?" Daga karshe dai aka gane tana nufin mijinta ne. Aka kori yara da jama'a === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> aka6ueq7pu3dxz4733lorstcaamc32n 819872 819871 2026-04-09T13:51:16Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819872 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, kai, wanene nan! Ihu! Barawon!" Sai mutane suka taru. Aka yi ta jifa, har gari ya waye. Can sai wani yaro mai saiti, ya sami keyar barawon nan, ya harbe shi da tsakuwa ji kake kwaal! Da barawon ya waiwayo cikin radadin zafin harbi. Sai kuwa matarsa dake cikin 'yan kallo ta sheda shi. Ta ce, "ai shi ne!" Aka ce, "shi ne wa?" Daga karshe dai aka gane tana nufin mijinta ne. Aka kori yara da jama'a, aka sa masa tsani ya dakko. Da sakkowar shi, sai ya shara a === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> sw33fk4jx0z319e7zhqzwdll9wsv4yi 819873 819872 2026-04-09T13:53:02Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819873 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, kai, wanene nan! Ihu! Barawon!" Sai mutane suka taru. Aka yi ta jifa, har gari ya waye. Can sai wani yaro mai saiti, ya sami keyar barawon nan, ya harbe shi da tsakuwa ji kake kwaal! Da barawon ya waiwayo cikin radadin zafin harbi. Sai kuwa matarsa dake cikin 'yan kallo ta sheda shi. Ta ce, "ai shi ne!" Aka ce, "shi ne wa?" Daga karshe dai aka gane tana nufin mijinta ne. Aka kori yara da jama'a, aka sa masa tsani ya dakko. Da sakkowar shi, bai nami inda tufafinsa yake ba, sai ya shara a guje === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> 5vuelm2muvacpydo3yjkt4e8ic0i32t 819874 819873 2026-04-09T13:53:31Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819874 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, kai, wanene nan! Ihu! Barawon!" Sai mutane suka taru. Aka yi ta jifa, har gari ya waye. Can sai wani yaro mai saiti, ya sami keyar barawon nan, ya harbe shi da tsakuwa ji kake kwaal! Da barawon ya waiwayo cikin radadin zafin harbi. Sai kuwa matarsa dake cikin 'yan kallo ta sheda shi. Ta ce, "ai shi ne!" Aka ce, "shi ne wa?" Daga karshe dai aka gane tana nufin mijinta ne. Aka kori yara da jama'a, aka sa masa tsani ya dakko. Da sakkowar shi, bai nami inda tufafinsa yake ba, sai ya shara a guje don kunya. === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> 0b45zqcckk3b5ivyc55biszeh341dqz 819875 819874 2026-04-09T14:00:23Z Baban Asiya 15906 819875 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Misalan Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, kai, wanene nan! Ihu! Barawon!" Sai mutane suka taru. Aka yi ta jifa, har gari ya waye. Can sai wani yaro mai saiti, ya sami keyar barawon nan, ya harbe shi da tsakuwa ji kake kwaal! Da barawon ya waiwayo cikin radadin zafin harbi. Sai kuwa matarsa dake cikin 'yan kallo ta sheda shi. Ta ce, "ai shi ne!" Aka ce, "shi ne wa?" Daga karshe dai aka gane tana nufin mijinta ne. Aka kori yara da jama'a, aka sa masa tsani ya dakko. Da sakkowar shi, bai nami inda tufafinsa yake ba, sai ya shara a guje don kunya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 55–57</ref> === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> fi898k0c0jocc04ifqgki7dbx8ib3jt 819876 819875 2026-04-09T14:02:52Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Misalan Almara */ 819876 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Missalan Labarun Cikin Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, kai, wanene nan! Ihu! Barawon!" Sai mutane suka taru. Aka yi ta jifa, har gari ya waye. Can sai wani yaro mai saiti, ya sami keyar barawon nan, ya harbe shi da tsakuwa ji kake kwaal! Da barawon ya waiwayo cikin radadin zafin harbi. Sai kuwa matarsa dake cikin 'yan kallo ta sheda shi. Ta ce, "ai shi ne!" Aka ce, "shi ne wa?" Daga karshe dai aka gane tana nufin mijinta ne. Aka kori yara da jama'a, aka sa masa tsani ya dakko. Da sakkowar shi, bai nami inda tufafinsa yake ba, sai ya shara a guje don kunya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 55–57</ref> === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> anx5o5rr0kk7i3ftlcua3j3e0kqzmv7 819877 819876 2026-04-09T14:06:27Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Missalan Labarun Cikin Almara */ 819877 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Wasu Labarun Cikin Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, kai, wanene nan! Ihu! Barawon!" Sai mutane suka taru. Aka yi ta jifa, har gari ya waye. Can sai wani yaro mai saiti, ya sami keyar barawon nan, ya harbe shi da tsakuwa ji kake kwaal! Da barawon ya waiwayo cikin radadin zafin harbi. Sai kuwa matarsa dake cikin 'yan kallo ta sheda shi. Ta ce, "ai shi ne!" Aka ce, "shi ne wa?" Daga karshe dai aka gane tana nufin mijinta ne. Aka kori yara da jama'a, aka sa masa tsani ya dakko. Da sakkowar shi, bai nami inda tufafinsa yake ba, sai ya shara a guje don kunya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 55–57</ref> === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> 7egg69qu85sdcd562bdxfd56j6mo62k 819878 819877 2026-04-09T14:10:38Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Wasu Labarun Cikin Almara */ 819878 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Wasu Labarun Cikin Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kuma Missali ce ta kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, kai, wanene nan! Ihu! Barawon!" Sai mutane suka taru. Aka yi ta jifa, har gari ya waye. Can sai wani yaro mai saiti, ya sami keyar barawon nan, ya harbe shi da tsakuwa ji kake kwaal! Da barawon ya waiwayo cikin radadin zafin harbi. Sai kuwa matarsa dake cikin 'yan kallo ta sheda shi. Ta ce, "ai shi ne!" Aka ce, "shi ne wa?" Daga karshe dai aka gane tana nufin mijinta ne. Aka kori yara da jama'a, aka sa masa tsani ya dakko. Da sakkowar shi, bai nami inda tufafinsa yake ba, sai ya shara a guje don kunya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 55–57</ref> === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> cosi2ss13f6jobsjlhb4kmfppn2i7ck 819879 819878 2026-04-09T14:12:19Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Wasu Labarun Cikin Almara */ 819879 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Wasu Labarun Cikin Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo,sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kuma Missali ce ta Almara Mai Labari,kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, kai, wanene nan! Ihu! Barawon!" Sai mutane suka taru. Aka yi ta jifa, har gari ya waye. Can sai wani yaro mai saiti, ya sami keyar barawon nan, ya harbe shi da tsakuwa ji kake kwaal! Da barawon ya waiwayo cikin radadin zafin harbi. Sai kuwa matarsa dake cikin 'yan kallo ta sheda shi. Ta ce, "ai shi ne!" Aka ce, "shi ne wa?" Daga karshe dai aka gane tana nufin mijinta ne. Aka kori yara da jama'a, aka sa masa tsani ya dakko. Da sakkowar shi, bai nami inda tufafinsa yake ba, sai ya shara a guje don kunya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 55–57</ref> === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> kgmq83j77wf2lihe99ujmsf3nh8h1ij 819882 819879 2026-04-09T17:07:16Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Wasu Labarun Cikin Almara */ 819882 wikitext text/x-wiki == Almara == Almara wani nau’i ne na adabin baka na Hausa wanda ke ƙunshe da labarai masu ban mamaki ko abubuwan jarumta, yawanci da nufin nishaɗantarwa ko koyar da darasi. Almara galibi tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki, dabbobi masu magana, ko jaruman da ke yin abubuwa masu ƙayatarwa, wanda ya bambanta ta da hikaya da tatsuniya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 58–59</ref> Almara, kirkiraren labari ne, ba na gaskiya ba, wanda aka tanadar domin samar da nishadi, koya darasi,wayo,tare da kuma wasa kwakwalwa.. '''Rabe-raben almara''' Almara ta kasu kashi uku kamar haka: *'''Almara Mai Labari.''' ita wannan labari ake zuba wa kawai a saurara. *'''Almara Mai Matsala.''' ita ce wacce ake kawo wata matsala a nemi masu sauraro su warware ta. Wato a ce ma "idan kai ne ya za kai? *'''Almara Mai kididdiga:''' ita wannan ana kawo labari mai kididdiga kuma a nemi ka warware lissafin. Almara tana da alaƙa da tatsuniya, amma ta fi mayar da hankali kan labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki, yayin da tatsuniya yawanci ke ƙunshe da darasi da abubuwan almara na gargajiya. === Siffofin Almara === * Labari mai jan hankali da ban mamaki * Yin amfani da abubuwan almara, dabbobi masu magana ko jarumai * Ƙunsar darasi a wasu lokuta * Ana bayar da labari a lokuta daban-daban, ba lallai da dare kawai ba * Yawanci yana nishaɗantar da masu sauraro<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58.</ref> === Wasu Labarun Cikin Almara === Wasu misalan Almara daga adabin Hausa sun haɗa da labarai da ke nuna jarumta, hankali, ko halayen ɗan Adam ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki: * '''Almarar Kowa Tashi Ta Fishe Shi.''' Labarin Karuwa, Malami da Maharbi): Wata rana, hanya ta hada Maharbi da Malami da kuma Karuwa. Sai suka iske rafi ya kawo, sai Malami ya ce kowa tashi ta fishe shi. Nan take sai Malamin nan ya Dako buzunsa ya yi addu'a ya hau kan buzu, haye ruwan. Da Maharbi ya ga haka sai ya zaro kwari da baka, ya harba kibiya daya can tsallake ta cake a kasa, sai yai ta kara harbawa suna cakewa a jikin junansu har zuwa tsallaken da suke. Sai ya taka kibiyoyin kamar gada ya tsalaka ya haye. Ita ko Karuwa sai ta dakko jakarta ta zaro kayan kwalliywa, ta shafa hoda, ta sa janbaki da ja-gira, sai ta kalli ruwan nan ta yi mashi murmushi gami da fari. Nan take ruwannan ya dare biyu. Ta sa kafa ita ma ta haye. * ''' Almarar Idan Kai ne Ya Zakai?''':wata rana wani mutum zai je unguwa tare da matar shi da mahaifiyarshi da kuma Mahaifiyar matarshi.suna cikin tafiya cikin daji, sai kishin ruwa ya kamasu, amma sai suka yi sa'a , suka iske rijiya da guga ga gabansu. Sai suka zira guga domin janyo ruwa, amma gugar ba ta kaina. Sai aka kula gyaluluwan matan amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Da aka rasa abin da za a kara kulawa. Sai babar matar ta rige gugar aka zira da ita amma dai guga ba ta kai ba. Don haka sai aka aka babar mijin ta rike kafar mahaifiyar matar aka kara zura su amma dai ba ta kai ba . Ganin haka sai mijin ya rike kafar mahaifiyar shi, matarsa ta rike masa kafa ta zura. Amma yanzu gugar ta kai ta kuma debo ruwa, kafin a a janyo ruwan sai hannu babar mijin ya yi sanyi ta saki babar matar ta fada cikin rijyar tanjaam!. Sai matar ta ce mai nake ji haka sai mijin ya ce, ai hannun babata ne yai sanyi ta saki babarki ta fada. Sai matar ta ce wa mijin ko ka saki babarka ita ma ta fada In jawo ka mutafi mu yi rayuwar duniya ko Kuma idan ka ki in sake ku duka da kai ku fada. To wai, idan kaine ya za ke? * '''Almarar Labrin Kwartaye biyu da Kaza a Karkashin Gado :''' Wata rana, mijin wata mace mai Kwartaye, ya yi tafiya. Sai wani kwartota ya ji labari, ya aiko mata cewar zai zo. Ta ce masa to ya zo. Can wajen dare, sai wani Kwartotan ma ya aiko, ya ce mata zai zo. Ta ce shi ma ya zo. Da dare yi, sai ga kwarto na daya ya zo. Suka shiga daki suna hira. Zuwa can, sai suka ji an buga kofa. Sai suka yi zaton mai gidan ne ya dawo. Sai matar ta ce da kwarton nan, ya shiga karkashin gado. Ya shiga Da ta bude kofa sai ta ga ashe kwarto na biyu ne ya zo, ba mijin ba. Suka zauna suna hira. Zuwa can kuma, sai suka ji an sake buga kofa. Suka Rikice. Sai ta ce shi ma wannan kwarton, ya shiga karkashin gadon. Ya shiga suka zauna tare da kwarto na daya. Da ta bude kofa, sai ta ga ashe mijin ne ya dawo,tafiyar ba ta yi tsawo ba. Suka zauna kan gado suna zance. To, ashe a karkashin gadon nan akwai kaza tana kwanci. Can sai kwarto na daya ya ce wa kwarto na biyu. "Aboki, in tambaye ka mana" ya ce, "menene?" Ya ce z "wai maciji sara yake yi ko cizo?" Sai ya ce,."a'a, ai maciji sara yake yi." Sai kwarton ya ce "Subhanallahi, ya sare ni!" Sai daya kwarton ya ce, "ya sare ka!" Sai kuwa suka yi wuf gaba daya, a tsoracez suka yi sama da gado, da wadanda suke kan gadon. Suka baza a guje,kowa ya tashi cikin tsoro.<def>Dangambo (2008), shafi na 58-58.</ref> * '''Almarar Mai Tumu da Mai Dabino''' Labarin Almara mai Tumu da mai mai dabino ya kunshi wasu abokai su biyu, kuma Missali ce ta Almara Mai Labari,kamar haka: Wai wata rana, an yi wasu abokai su biyu, duk suna da aure. Wata rana sai matar daya daga cikinsu sai ta yi yaji. Sai ya gayyaci abokin ya taka shi biko , a wani kauye. Da suka isa,magariba ta yi, sai aka ce masu su kwana. Aka kai su dakin baki. Jere yake da dakin surukan, a jere. Da dare ya yi sai aka kawo masu abinci. Shi surukin ya ki ci, amma abokin ya ci ya koshi. Shi kuwa can tsakiyar dare, sai yunwa ta fara mintsinarsa. Sai ya ce wa abokin, *wallahi ni fa yunwa nake ji" sai abokin ya ce masa, "To, ai kai ne an kawo abinci ka ki ci. Amma, tunda naga tumu ya zo, sai ka je ka karyo mana, ga wuta mu gasa" har abokin (mijin matar) ya sa kafa zai tafi, sai abokin ya yafutoshi ya ce masa, "Af, ai gara in daura maka igiya a kafa, in kuma daura daya gefen igiyar a jikin kofar dakinmu don kada ka yi makuwa ka fada dakin surukan. Ka ga kuma dakunan iri daya ne." Abokin ya ce, "I, gaskiyarka." Bayan sun yi haka, sai ya tafi ya karyo Tumu. Kafin ya dawo, sai abokin nasa ya canza wa igiyar daki, ya daura ta a dakin surukan. Shi kuwa, gogan naka da ya dawo, sai ya nufi dakin surukansa inada ya ga igiya. A fahimtar sa nan ne dakinsu. Yai magana, ya ji aboki ya yi shiru. Sai ya dube shi a duwawu, ya baka masa duka. Ya ce, "Na ce ka tashi ka ci hatsin marowatannan !" ( Ashe duwawun surukar ya mara. Da surukin ya ga dai an wuce gona da iri, sai ya ce, "samari ai nan ba dakinku ban. Haba! Ko da ya ji haka, sai ya yi wuf ya fito a guje, bai zame ko'ina ba sai gida. Da ya zo gida washe gari, suka hadu da abokinsa, sai ya ki nuna masa abin da ya faru, sai ya nuna masa kamar ba abin da ya faru. Saboda haka, sai abokin ya saki jikinsa, ya yi zaton makircinsa bai ci ba. Shi kuwa abokin ashe ya kulle a zuciyarsa sai ya rama. Ana nan, ana nan, dai rannan matar daya abokin ita ma ta yi yaji. Shi sai ya gayyaci abokin ya raka shi biko. Shi ma a wani gari ne. Da suka je, aka ce masu su kwana, sai da safe a basu matarsu su tafi. da magariba ta yi, aka kawo masu abinci da wani dabino mai zakin gaske. Shi ma surukin bai ciabincin kirki ba. Can cikin dare, sai ta-bahuwa mai mahurin karfe ta fara taba shi. Sai ya ce wa abokinsa, "Wallahi yunwa nake ji." Sai abokin ya ce masa naga dabinon da aka kawo mana a cikin gidan nan gindin dabinon yake. Don kaha, ka hau ka samo mana mu tauna. Sai abokin (surukin) ya amince zai hau ya debo masu. Don haka, sai suka ga wani tsani a bayan daki. Aka jingina. Har surukin ya kama zai hau, sai abokin ya ce, af, na tuna, dokar nan garin ba a hawa dabino sai an tube kaya, domin, idan mutum ya hau da kaya a jikinshi, fadowa yake. Nan take, ya tube kayansa, daga shi sai bente, ya haye dabino. Bayan ya hau ya fara ragargazo dabino, sai abokin ya janye tsanin, ya kai shi can wani waje ya aje, kuma yai tafiyar shi gida. Shi kuwa nakan dabino, bayan ya gama ratattako dabino birjit a kasa, da abokin (surukin) ya gama sai ya nemi ya dakko. Ya duba inda tsani yake, bai ga tsanin da suka jingina ba, sai ya kira abokinsa, ya ji shiru, ashe tuni abokin ya bi dare ya gudu gida. Ga shi kuma dabinon ya yi santsi, dan haka ba zai iya sakkowa ba sai da tsani. Don haka,dole ya hakura ya zauna. Zuwa can, asuba ta yi. Maigida, wato baban matar sa, ya fito waje,don ya yi alwala, ya yi Sallah, ya duba haka, sai ya ga dabino a kasa ratarata. Sai ya ce, "Kai yau jemagune suka yi ta'adi haka?" Ya daga kai sama, sai ya ga duhu-duhun mutum. Sai ya ce, kai, wanene nan! Ihu! Barawon!" Sai mutane suka taru. Aka yi ta jifa, har gari ya waye. Can sai wani yaro mai saiti, ya sami keyar barawon nan, ya harbe shi da tsakuwa ji kake kwaal! Da barawon ya waiwayo cikin radadin zafin harbi. Sai kuwa matarsa dake cikin 'yan kallo ta sheda shi. Ta ce, "ai shi ne!" Aka ce, "shi ne wa?" Daga karshe dai aka gane tana nufin mijinta ne. Aka kori yara da jama'a, aka sa masa tsani ya dakko. Da sakkowar shi, bai nami inda tufafinsa yake ba, sai ya shara a guje don kunya.<ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa. Kano: K.D.G Publishers, shafi na 55–57</ref> === Muhimmancin Almara === Almara na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen: * Nishaɗantar da yara da manya * Koyar da darasi cikin sauƙi da ban sha’awa * Bayyana halayen ɗan Adam da dabi’un jama’a ta hanyar labari mai ban mamaki * Samar da kayan koyarwa ga malamai da manazarta <ref>Dangambo, Abdulkadir (2008), shafi na 58-59.</ref> nm4nwsbcnwgprqh0dmb7y1j7ds6kbx6 0 17578 819961 711474 2026-04-09T22:12:42Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Cinikayya */ 819961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Masarautu a Nijeriya]] '''Masarautar Gombe,''' Masarauta ce ta gargajiya a [[Najeriya]] wacce take jihar [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]] ta zamani a yanzu. Hakanan jihar [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]] tana dauke da masarautun [[Dukku]], [[Yamaltu/Deba|Deba]], [[Akko (Nijeriya)|Akko]], [[Yamaltu/Deba|Yamaltu]], Pindiga, [[Nafada]] da [[Funakaye]]. Sarkin Gombe na yanzu shi ne [[Abubakar Shehu-Abubakar|Alhaji Abubakar Shehu]] Abubakar III<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/amp/s/punchng.com/eid-el-fitr-gombe-emir-calls-for-peaceful-co-existence/%3famp</nowiki></ref>, wanda ya hau mulki a ranar shida 6 ga watan Yuni , shekara ta alif dubu biyu da goma sha huɗu (2014).Marigayi Sarkin [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], Alhaji [[Shehu Abubakar|Shehu Usman Abubakar]], ya kasance Sarki ne tun daga watan Agusta , na shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da hudu (1984).<ref>Julius Toba (23 January 2009). "Pomp, as Gombe monarch marks anniversary". ''Nigerian Compass''. Retrieved 21 September 2010</ref> ==Tarihin Farko== An kuma kafa masarautar ta Gombe ne a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da huɗu (1804) lokacin jihadin Fulani daga Buba Yero, wani mabiyin Shehu Usman dan Fodiyo. Buba Yero ya sanya Gombe Abba a matsayin hedikwatarsa domin yaƙi da matsugunan Jukun na Pindiga da Kalam, sannan kuma ya biyo baya da samammen hare-hare inda ya bi har zuwa Adamawa a can gefen Kogin Benuwai. Arin ƙasashe ya kasance ƙarƙashin ɗansa, Muhammadu Kwairanga, Sarkin Gombe daga shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da arba'in da huɗu 1844 zuwa shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da dari takwas da tamanin da biyu (1882). Masarautar Gombe a wani lokaci ta faro daga Gombe Aba zuwa Jalingo, amma a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da talatin da ukku (1833) an ƙirƙiri masarautar Muri daga wani ɓangare na yankinta don kafa jiha don dan uwan sarki.<ref>"Gombe". ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved 21 September 2010.</ref> == bayan Zamanin mulkin mallaka == [[Birtaniya|Turawan Ingila]] sun kafa [https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/cowa91850-003/pdf tsarin mulkin] Gombe, wanda ya ci gaba da aiki bayan samun 'yancin kai a shekarar alif dubu aya da dari tara da sittin 1960. A shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba'in da shida (1976), gwamnatin mulkin soja ta [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ta wargaza hukumar ‘yan kasa zuwa kananan hukumomin [[Gombe (birni)|Gombe]], [[Akko (Nijeriya)|Akko]] da [[Dukku]] . A shekara ta dubu biyu da biyu (2002) Gwamnan Jihar Gombe [[Abubakar Habu Hashidu]] ya wargaza Masarautar Gombe, inda Sarakuna masu daraja ta biyu da manyan Hakimai biyu suka yi mulki. A shekara mai zuwa Gwamna [[Mohammed Danjuma Goje]] ya kara wasu manyan Hakimai guda biyu. Hakan dai ya rage karfin ikon Sarkin a daidai lokacin da ake fama da rikici tsakanin manoma da makiyayan Udawa, wanda ya hada da tashin hankali daga ƙungiyoyin addini. <ref name="blench">Jörg Adelberger (3 April 2009). "Maxims and Mountaineers – The colonial subjugation of the peoples of the Muri Mountains and the adjacent regions in Northern Nigeria [1]". ''Afrikanistik Online''. '''2009''' (6). Retrieved 21 September 2010</ref> == Al'adu == === Fadar Sarki === Fadar Gombe ta kasance hedikwatar gudanarwar masarautar Gombe. Marigayi Shehu Usman Abubakar, Sarkin Gombe na goma 10, wanda ya yi mulki daga Janairu, shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da huɗu (1984) har zuwa Mayu, shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha huɗu (2014) ne ya gina shi <ref name=":0">Roger Blench; Selbut Longtau; Umar Hassan; Martin Walsh (9 November 2006). "The Role of Traditional Rulers in Conflict Prevention and Mediation in Nigeria" (PDF). DFID, Nigeria. Retrieved 21 September 2010</ref> Fadar Sarkin Gombe na ɗaya daga cikin al'adun mutanen jihar Gombe. An yi la'akari da ita a matsayin babbar hanyar yawon shaƙatawa a Gombe shekaru da yawa. Ana kallon fadar a matsayin mafi kyawun tsarin gine-ginen jihar Gombe saboda kyawun tsarinsa. <ref name=":02">C. A. Woodhouse (January 1924). "Some Account of the Inhabitants of the Waja District of Bauchi Province, Nigeria. Part I". ''Journal of the Royal African Society''. Oxford University Press. '''23''' (90): 110–121. JSTOR 715387</ref> == Harshe == Masarautar Gombe al’umma ce mai kabilu da al’adu daban-daban, amma [[Fillanci|Fulfulde]] ita ce yaren da aka fi amfani da shi a masarautar. Kabilar [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] ta samu kansu a cikin madafun iko da shugabanci bayan da aka hambarar da sarakunan gargajiya a duk faɗin ƙasar [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da kuma wajenta. A cikin al'umma mai kabilu da al'adu daban-daban, ana zaton cewa a ko da yaushe ana son masu mulki. Saboda haka, ƙabilar masu mulki sau da yawa ana yin koyi da su ko kuma ma wasu kabilu su yi koyi da su don girmamawa da girmamawa. <ref>"Gombe-Abba: Historic emirs' town ruined by the British". ''Daily Trust''. 12 June 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2022.</ref> == Cinikayya == A siyasance da lissafi, Fulani ne suka mamaye yankin; wannan al'ummar ta hada da Fulani makiyaya, Fulani masu zama da wanda ba a zaune ba, da kuma Fulani masu zama. A cikin shekarun alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da talatin (1930), Fulani da dama sun zauna a kudancin Gombe inda suka yanke shawarar zama saboda yalwar kiwo da filayen noma, inda wasu suka ba da kiwonsu gabaɗaya don mayar da hankali kan noman auduga da masara. Mazauna kan yi tafiya mai nisa tare da danginsu, suna kawo iri da kayan aikin noma; rancen kuɗi da ƙananan tsarin abinci na aiki ana amfani da su don kiyaye mazauna har zuwa girbi na farko. <ref name=":1">Brown, G. T. (1 February 1980). "The Past, Present and Future of Powder Forging with Particular Reference to Ferrous Materials". ''SAE Technical Paper Series''. Warrendale, PA: SAE International. '''1'''. doi:10.4271/800304</ref> ==Masu Mulki== Waɗanda suka mulki masarautar Gombe:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_native.html |title=Traditional States of Nigeria |work=World Statesmen |accessdate=15 September 2010}}</ref> Babban yanayin ci gaba ya kasance zuwa ƙarin samun kasuwa, wanda ya haifar da haɓaka yawan amfanin gona da samun kuɗin shiga, tare da haɓaka haɓaka masana'antu. Daga budadden rumfuna, kasuwannin Gombe suna ba da babban zabi na kayayyakin gargajiya/na gida da ba za a iya amfani da su ba kamar sana’o’i, kayan aikin noma, yadudduka na gargajiya, calabash, da kayan ado na fata, da kuma abubuwa da dama da suka bambanta da kasuwa kamar sana’a. da kayan tarihi. Akwai durbar guda uku da fara farawa da zarar sarki ya shiga farfajiyar fadarsa bayan kammala sallar idi, karo na biyu yana hawa doki daga fadar zuwa gwamnati kuma na karshe shi ne sarki ya hau doki masu kyau da mukarrabansa, jarumai. kuma acrobats suna ganin al'amuransa a hanya kuma ana kiran wannan da Hawan Gida Gwamnati. <ref>"Emir of Gombe Palace, Gombe". ''Hotels.ng Places''. Retrieved 23 March 2022</ref> {|class=wikitable style="text-align:right;" |- !style="width:11em;"|Fara !!style="width:11em;"| Ƙarshe !! Sarki |- | 1804 || 1841 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| [[Buba Yero|Abubakar "Buba Yero" dan Usman Subande]] (b. c.1762 – d. 1841) |- | 1841 || 1844 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Sulaymanu dan Abubakar (d. 1844) |- | 1844 || 1882 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Muhammadu Kwairanga dan Abi Bakar (d. 1882) |- | 1882 || 1888 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Abd al-Qadiri Zaylani dan Muhammadu (d. 1888) |- | 1888 || 1895 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Hasan dan Muhammadu (d. 1895) |- | 1895 || 1898 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Tukur dan Muhammadu (d. 1898) |- | 1898 || 1898 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Jalo dan Muhammadu |- | 1898 || 1922 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Umaru dan Muhammadu (d. 1922) |- | 1922 || 1935 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Haruna dan Umaru (d. 1935) |- | January 1936 || January 1984 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Abu Bakar dan Umaru (b. 1902) |- | January 1984 || 27 May 2014 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| [[Shehu Abubakar|Shehu Usman Abubakar]] |- | June 2014 || Present ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| [[Abubakar Shehu-Abubakar|Abubakar Shehu Abubakar III]] (b. 1977) |- |} [[File:His Royal Highness Emir of Gombe.jpg|alt=sarkin gombe|center|right|thumb|100px|Mai Martaba Sarkin Gombe]] [[File:GOMBE_EMIRATE._Dogarai.jpg|thumb|Dogaran Sarkin Gombe]] == Bukukuwa == [[File:The_Emir_of_Gombe_Emirate_During_Sallah_Celebration.jpg|thumb|left|Mai martaba Sarkin Gombe a bikin hawan Sallah]] Ana gudanar da [[Durbar|bikin Durbar]] ne a kusan dukkanin jihohin Arewa 19 ciki har da masarautar Gombe, an gudanar da bikin ne domin kammala azumin watan Ramadan da aka fi sani da Eid-El-Fitr. <ref>Leger, Rudolf. ''The concept of Pulaaku mirrored in fulfulde proverbs of the Gombe dialect''</ref> == Abinci == Masarautar ta shahara wajen samar da Groundnut (gyada) da auduga. Manyan amfanin gona na tsabar kuɗi sun haɗa da hatsi kamar masara, Legumes misali waken soya, 'ya'yan itatuwa kamar lemu da kayan lambu kamar tumatir. <ref>Tiffen, M. (1976). ''The Enterprising Peasant: Economic Development in Gombe Emirate, North Eastern State, Nigeria, 1900-1968''. London, UK: HMSO. ISBN 978-0-11-880689-3</ref> == Hakiman Sarki == * AIG Zubairu Mu’azu (RTD.), Ubandoman Gombe * Alhaji kabiru Tsoho, Falakin Gombe * Alhaji Abubakar Manga Usman, Dan Makayon Gombe * Alhaji Mohammed Suraj Magaji, Galadiman Gombe ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} * [http://www.onlinenigeria.com/links/gombeadv.asp?blurb=261] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111030014412/http://www.onlinenigeria.com/links/gombeadv.asp?blurb=261 |date=2011-10-30 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130727122935/http://gombestate.gov.ng/Emirate-Councils.html] * [http://www.compassnewspaper.com/NG/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8625:pomp-as-gombe-monarch-marks-anniversary&catid=42:commune&Itemid=796] 959jakqt5zy4awuns50x8xaq0n0sjp4 819963 819961 2026-04-09T22:18:20Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Cinikayya */ 819963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Masarautu a Nijeriya]] '''Masarautar Gombe,''' Masarauta ce ta gargajiya a [[Najeriya]] wacce take jihar [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]] ta zamani a yanzu. Hakanan jihar [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]] tana dauke da masarautun [[Dukku]], [[Yamaltu/Deba|Deba]], [[Akko (Nijeriya)|Akko]], [[Yamaltu/Deba|Yamaltu]], Pindiga, [[Nafada]] da [[Funakaye]]. Sarkin Gombe na yanzu shi ne [[Abubakar Shehu-Abubakar|Alhaji Abubakar Shehu]] Abubakar III<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/amp/s/punchng.com/eid-el-fitr-gombe-emir-calls-for-peaceful-co-existence/%3famp</nowiki></ref>, wanda ya hau mulki a ranar shida 6 ga watan Yuni , shekara ta alif dubu biyu da goma sha huɗu (2014).Marigayi Sarkin [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], Alhaji [[Shehu Abubakar|Shehu Usman Abubakar]], ya kasance Sarki ne tun daga watan Agusta , na shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da hudu (1984).<ref>Julius Toba (23 January 2009). "Pomp, as Gombe monarch marks anniversary". ''Nigerian Compass''. Retrieved 21 September 2010</ref> ==Tarihin Farko== An kuma kafa masarautar ta Gombe ne a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da huɗu (1804) lokacin jihadin Fulani daga Buba Yero, wani mabiyin Shehu Usman dan Fodiyo. Buba Yero ya sanya Gombe Abba a matsayin hedikwatarsa domin yaƙi da matsugunan Jukun na Pindiga da Kalam, sannan kuma ya biyo baya da samammen hare-hare inda ya bi har zuwa Adamawa a can gefen Kogin Benuwai. Arin ƙasashe ya kasance ƙarƙashin ɗansa, Muhammadu Kwairanga, Sarkin Gombe daga shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da arba'in da huɗu 1844 zuwa shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da dari takwas da tamanin da biyu (1882). Masarautar Gombe a wani lokaci ta faro daga Gombe Aba zuwa Jalingo, amma a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da talatin da ukku (1833) an ƙirƙiri masarautar Muri daga wani ɓangare na yankinta don kafa jiha don dan uwan sarki.<ref>"Gombe". ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved 21 September 2010.</ref> == bayan Zamanin mulkin mallaka == [[Birtaniya|Turawan Ingila]] sun kafa [https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/cowa91850-003/pdf tsarin mulkin] Gombe, wanda ya ci gaba da aiki bayan samun 'yancin kai a shekarar alif dubu aya da dari tara da sittin 1960. A shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba'in da shida (1976), gwamnatin mulkin soja ta [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ta wargaza hukumar ‘yan kasa zuwa kananan hukumomin [[Gombe (birni)|Gombe]], [[Akko (Nijeriya)|Akko]] da [[Dukku]] . A shekara ta dubu biyu da biyu (2002) Gwamnan Jihar Gombe [[Abubakar Habu Hashidu]] ya wargaza Masarautar Gombe, inda Sarakuna masu daraja ta biyu da manyan Hakimai biyu suka yi mulki. A shekara mai zuwa Gwamna [[Mohammed Danjuma Goje]] ya kara wasu manyan Hakimai guda biyu. Hakan dai ya rage karfin ikon Sarkin a daidai lokacin da ake fama da rikici tsakanin manoma da makiyayan Udawa, wanda ya hada da tashin hankali daga ƙungiyoyin addini. <ref name="blench">Jörg Adelberger (3 April 2009). "Maxims and Mountaineers – The colonial subjugation of the peoples of the Muri Mountains and the adjacent regions in Northern Nigeria [1]". ''Afrikanistik Online''. '''2009''' (6). Retrieved 21 September 2010</ref> == Al'adu == === Fadar Sarki === Fadar Gombe ta kasance hedikwatar gudanarwar masarautar Gombe. Marigayi Shehu Usman Abubakar, Sarkin Gombe na goma 10, wanda ya yi mulki daga Janairu, shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da huɗu (1984) har zuwa Mayu, shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha huɗu (2014) ne ya gina shi <ref name=":0">Roger Blench; Selbut Longtau; Umar Hassan; Martin Walsh (9 November 2006). "The Role of Traditional Rulers in Conflict Prevention and Mediation in Nigeria" (PDF). DFID, Nigeria. Retrieved 21 September 2010</ref> Fadar Sarkin Gombe na ɗaya daga cikin al'adun mutanen jihar Gombe. An yi la'akari da ita a matsayin babbar hanyar yawon shaƙatawa a Gombe shekaru da yawa. Ana kallon fadar a matsayin mafi kyawun tsarin gine-ginen jihar Gombe saboda kyawun tsarinsa. <ref name=":02">C. A. Woodhouse (January 1924). "Some Account of the Inhabitants of the Waja District of Bauchi Province, Nigeria. Part I". ''Journal of the Royal African Society''. Oxford University Press. '''23''' (90): 110–121. JSTOR 715387</ref> == Harshe == Masarautar Gombe al’umma ce mai kabilu da al’adu daban-daban, amma [[Fillanci|Fulfulde]] ita ce yaren da aka fi amfani da shi a masarautar. Kabilar [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] ta samu kansu a cikin madafun iko da shugabanci bayan da aka hambarar da sarakunan gargajiya a duk faɗin ƙasar [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da kuma wajenta. A cikin al'umma mai kabilu da al'adu daban-daban, ana zaton cewa a ko da yaushe ana son masu mulki. Saboda haka, ƙabilar masu mulki sau da yawa ana yin koyi da su ko kuma ma wasu kabilu su yi koyi da su don girmamawa da girmamawa. <ref>"Gombe-Abba: Historic emirs' town ruined by the British". ''Daily Trust''. 12 June 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2022.</ref> == Cinikayya == A siyasance da lissafi, Fulani ne suka mamaye yankin; wannan al'ummar ta hada da Fulani makiyaya, Fulani masu zama da wanda ba a zaune suke ba, da kuma Fulani masu zama. A cikin shekarun alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da talatin (1930), Fulani da dama sun zauna a kudancin Gombe inda suka yanke shawarar zama saboda yalwar kiwo da filayen noma, inda wasu suka ba da kiwonsu gabaɗaya don mayar da hankali kan noman auduga da masara. Mazauna kan yi tafiya mai nisa tare da danginsu, suna kawo iri da kayan aikin noma; rancen kuɗi da ƙananan tsarin abinci na aiki ana amfani da su don kiyaye mazauna har zuwa girbi na farko. <ref name=":1">Brown, G. T. (1 February 1980). "The Past, Present and Future of Powder Forging with Particular Reference to Ferrous Materials". ''SAE Technical Paper Series''. Warrendale, PA: SAE International. '''1'''. doi:10.4271/800304</ref> ==Masu Mulki== Waɗanda suka mulki masarautar Gombe:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_native.html |title=Traditional States of Nigeria |work=World Statesmen |accessdate=15 September 2010}}</ref> Babban yanayin ci gaba ya kasance zuwa ƙarin samun kasuwa, wanda ya haifar da haɓaka yawan amfanin gona da samun kuɗin shiga, tare da haɓaka haɓaka masana'antu. Daga budadden rumfuna, kasuwannin Gombe suna ba da babban zabi na kayayyakin gargajiya/na gida da ba za a iya amfani da su ba kamar sana’o’i, kayan aikin noma, yadudduka na gargajiya, calabash, da kayan ado na fata, da kuma abubuwa da dama da suka bambanta da kasuwa kamar sana’a. da kayan tarihi. Akwai durbar guda uku da fara farawa da zarar sarki ya shiga farfajiyar fadarsa bayan kammala sallar idi, karo na biyu yana hawa doki daga fadar zuwa gwamnati kuma na karshe shi ne sarki ya hau doki masu kyau da mukarrabansa, jarumai. kuma acrobats suna ganin al'amuransa a hanya kuma ana kiran wannan da Hawan Gida Gwamnati. <ref>"Emir of Gombe Palace, Gombe". ''Hotels.ng Places''. Retrieved 23 March 2022</ref> {|class=wikitable style="text-align:right;" |- !style="width:11em;"|Fara !!style="width:11em;"| Ƙarshe !! Sarki |- | 1804 || 1841 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| [[Buba Yero|Abubakar "Buba Yero" dan Usman Subande]] (b. c.1762 – d. 1841) |- | 1841 || 1844 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Sulaymanu dan Abubakar (d. 1844) |- | 1844 || 1882 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Muhammadu Kwairanga dan Abi Bakar (d. 1882) |- | 1882 || 1888 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Abd al-Qadiri Zaylani dan Muhammadu (d. 1888) |- | 1888 || 1895 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Hasan dan Muhammadu (d. 1895) |- | 1895 || 1898 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Tukur dan Muhammadu (d. 1898) |- | 1898 || 1898 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Jalo dan Muhammadu |- | 1898 || 1922 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Umaru dan Muhammadu (d. 1922) |- | 1922 || 1935 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Haruna dan Umaru (d. 1935) |- | January 1936 || January 1984 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Abu Bakar dan Umaru (b. 1902) |- | January 1984 || 27 May 2014 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| [[Shehu Abubakar|Shehu Usman Abubakar]] |- | June 2014 || Present ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| [[Abubakar Shehu-Abubakar|Abubakar Shehu Abubakar III]] (b. 1977) |- |} [[File:His Royal Highness Emir of Gombe.jpg|alt=sarkin gombe|center|right|thumb|100px|Mai Martaba Sarkin Gombe]] [[File:GOMBE_EMIRATE._Dogarai.jpg|thumb|Dogaran Sarkin Gombe]] == Bukukuwa == [[File:The_Emir_of_Gombe_Emirate_During_Sallah_Celebration.jpg|thumb|left|Mai martaba Sarkin Gombe a bikin hawan Sallah]] Ana gudanar da [[Durbar|bikin Durbar]] ne a kusan dukkanin jihohin Arewa 19 ciki har da masarautar Gombe, an gudanar da bikin ne domin kammala azumin watan Ramadan da aka fi sani da Eid-El-Fitr. <ref>Leger, Rudolf. ''The concept of Pulaaku mirrored in fulfulde proverbs of the Gombe dialect''</ref> == Abinci == Masarautar ta shahara wajen samar da Groundnut (gyada) da auduga. Manyan amfanin gona na tsabar kuɗi sun haɗa da hatsi kamar masara, Legumes misali waken soya, 'ya'yan itatuwa kamar lemu da kayan lambu kamar tumatir. <ref>Tiffen, M. (1976). ''The Enterprising Peasant: Economic Development in Gombe Emirate, North Eastern State, Nigeria, 1900-1968''. London, UK: HMSO. ISBN 978-0-11-880689-3</ref> == Hakiman Sarki == * AIG Zubairu Mu’azu (RTD.), Ubandoman Gombe * Alhaji kabiru Tsoho, Falakin Gombe * Alhaji Abubakar Manga Usman, Dan Makayon Gombe * Alhaji Mohammed Suraj Magaji, Galadiman Gombe ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} * [http://www.onlinenigeria.com/links/gombeadv.asp?blurb=261] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111030014412/http://www.onlinenigeria.com/links/gombeadv.asp?blurb=261 |date=2011-10-30 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130727122935/http://gombestate.gov.ng/Emirate-Councils.html] * [http://www.compassnewspaper.com/NG/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8625:pomp-as-gombe-monarch-marks-anniversary&catid=42:commune&Itemid=796] jw9tz064kbqfyoosttbi0fwdw78g5so 819964 819963 2026-04-09T22:26:59Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 819964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Masarautu a Nijeriya]] '''Masarautar Gombe,''' Masarauta ce ta gargajiya a [[Najeriya]] wacce take jihar [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]] ta zamani a yanzu. Hakanan jihar [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]] tana dauke da masarautun [[Dukku]], [[Yamaltu/Deba|Deba]], [[Akko (Nijeriya)|Akko]], [[Yamaltu/Deba|Yamaltu]], Pindiga, [[Nafada]] da [[Funakaye]]. Sarkin Gombe na yanzu shi ne [[Abubakar Shehu-Abubakar|Alhaji Abubakar Shehu]] Abubakar III<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/amp/s/punchng.com/eid-el-fitr-gombe-emir-calls-for-peaceful-co-existence/%3famp</nowiki></ref>, wanda ya hau mulki a ranar shida 6 ga watan Yuni , shekara ta alif dubu biyu da goma sha huɗu (2014).Marigayi Sarkin [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], Alhaji [[Shehu Abubakar|Shehu Usman Abubakar]], ya kasance Sarki ne tun daga watan Agusta , na shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da hudu (1984).<ref>Julius Toba (23 January 2009). "Pomp, as Gombe monarch marks anniversary". ''Nigerian Compass''. Retrieved 21 September 2010</ref> ==Tarihin Farko== An kuma kafa masarautar ta Gombe ne a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da huɗu (1804) lokacin jihadin Fulani daga Buba Yero, wani mabiyin Shehu Usman dan Fodiyo. Buba Yero ya sanya Gombe Abba a matsayin hedikwatarsa domin yaƙi da matsugunan Jukun na Pindiga da Kalam, sannan kuma ya biyo baya da samammen hare-hare inda ya bi har zuwa Adamawa a can gefen Kogin Benuwai. Hrin ƙasashe ya kasance ƙarƙashin ɗansa, Muhammadu Kwairanga, Sarkin Gombe daga shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da arba'in da huɗu 1844 zuwa shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da dari takwas da tamanin da biyu (1882). Masarautar Gombe a wani lokaci ta faro daga Gombe Aba zuwa Jalingo, amma a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da talatin da ukku (1833) an ƙirƙiri masarautar Muri daga wani ɓangare na yankinta don kafa jiha don dan uwan sarki.<ref>"Gombe". ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved 21 September 2010.</ref> == bayan Zamanin mulkin mallaka == [[Birtaniya|Turawan Ingila]] sun kafa [https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/cowa91850-003/pdf tsarin mulkin] Gombe, wanda ya ci gaba da aiki bayan samun 'yancin kai a shekarar alif dubu aya da dari tara da sittin 1960. A shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba'in da shida (1976), gwamnatin mulkin soja ta [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ta wargaza hukumar ‘yan kasa zuwa kananan hukumomin [[Gombe (birni)|Gombe]], [[Akko (Nijeriya)|Akko]] da [[Dukku]] . A shekara ta dubu biyu da biyu (2002) Gwamnan Jihar Gombe [[Abubakar Habu Hashidu]] ya wargaza Masarautar Gombe, inda Sarakuna masu daraja ta biyu da manyan Hakimai biyu suka yi mulki. A shekara mai zuwa Gwamna [[Mohammed Danjuma Goje]] ya kara wasu manyan Hakimai guda biyu. Hakan dai ya rage karfin ikon Sarkin a daidai lokacin da ake fama da rikici tsakanin manoma da makiyayan Udawa, wanda ya hada da tashin hankali daga ƙungiyoyin addini. <ref name="blench">Jörg Adelberger (3 April 2009). "Maxims and Mountaineers – The colonial subjugation of the peoples of the Muri Mountains and the adjacent regions in Northern Nigeria [1]". ''Afrikanistik Online''. '''2009''' (6). Retrieved 21 September 2010</ref> == Al'adu == === Fadar Sarki === Fadar Gombe ta kasance hedikwatar gudanarwar masarautar Gombe. Marigayi Shehu Usman Abubakar, Sarkin Gombe na goma 10, wanda ya yi mulki daga Janairu, shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da huɗu (1984) har zuwa Mayu, shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha huɗu (2014) ne ya gina shi <ref name=":0">Roger Blench; Selbut Longtau; Umar Hassan; Martin Walsh (9 November 2006). "The Role of Traditional Rulers in Conflict Prevention and Mediation in Nigeria" (PDF). DFID, Nigeria. Retrieved 21 September 2010</ref> Fadar Sarkin Gombe na ɗaya daga cikin al'adun mutanen jihar Gombe. An yi la'akari da ita a matsayin babbar hanyar yawon shaƙatawa a Gombe shekaru da yawa. Ana kallon fadar a matsayin mafi kyawun tsarin gine-ginen jihar Gombe saboda kyawun tsarinsa. <ref name=":02">C. A. Woodhouse (January 1924). "Some Account of the Inhabitants of the Waja District of Bauchi Province, Nigeria. Part I". ''Journal of the Royal African Society''. Oxford University Press. '''23''' (90): 110–121. JSTOR 715387</ref> == Harshe == Masarautar Gombe al’umma ce mai kabilu da al’adu daban-daban, amma [[Fillanci|Fulfulde]] ita ce yaren da aka fi amfani da shi a masarautar. Kabilar [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] ta samu kansu a cikin madafun iko da shugabanci bayan da aka hambarar da sarakunan gargajiya a duk faɗin ƙasar [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da kuma wajenta. A cikin al'umma mai kabilu da al'adu daban-daban, ana zaton cewa a ko da yaushe ana son masu mulki. Saboda haka, ƙabilar masu mulki sau da yawa ana yin koyi da su ko kuma ma wasu kabilu su yi koyi da su don girmamawa da girmamawa. <ref>"Gombe-Abba: Historic emirs' town ruined by the British". ''Daily Trust''. 12 June 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2022.</ref> == Cinikayya == A siyasance da lissafi, Fulani ne suka mamaye yankin; wannan al'ummar ta hada da Fulani makiyaya, Fulani masu zama da wanda ba a zaune suke ba, da kuma Fulani masu zama. A cikin shekarun alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da talatin (1930), Fulani da dama sun zauna a kudancin Gombe inda suka yanke shawarar zama saboda yalwar kiwo da filayen noma, inda wasu suka ba da kiwonsu gabaɗaya don mayar da hankali kan noman auduga da masara. Mazauna kan yi tafiya mai nisa tare da danginsu, suna kawo iri da kayan aikin noma; rancen kuɗi da ƙananan tsarin abinci na aiki ana amfani da su don kiyaye mazauna har zuwa girbi na farko. <ref name=":1">Brown, G. T. (1 February 1980). "The Past, Present and Future of Powder Forging with Particular Reference to Ferrous Materials". ''SAE Technical Paper Series''. Warrendale, PA: SAE International. '''1'''. doi:10.4271/800304</ref> ==Masu Mulki== Waɗanda suka mulki masarautar Gombe:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_native.html |title=Traditional States of Nigeria |work=World Statesmen |accessdate=15 September 2010}}</ref> Babban yanayin ci gaba ya kasance zuwa ƙarin samun kasuwa, wanda ya haifar da haɓaka yawan amfanin gona da samun kuɗin shiga, tare da haɓaka haɓaka masana'antu. Daga budadden rumfuna, kasuwannin Gombe suna ba da babban zabi na kayayyakin gargajiya/na gida da ba za a iya amfani da su ba kamar sana’o’i, kayan aikin noma, yadudduka na gargajiya, calabash, da kayan ado na fata, da kuma abubuwa da dama da suka bambanta da kasuwa kamar sana’a. da kayan tarihi. Akwai durbar guda uku da fara farawa da zarar sarki ya shiga farfajiyar fadarsa bayan kammala sallar idi, karo na biyu yana hawa doki daga fadar zuwa gwamnati kuma na karshe shi ne sarki ya hau doki masu kyau da mukarrabansa, jarumai. kuma acrobats suna ganin al'amuransa a hanya kuma ana kiran wannan da Hawan Gida Gwamnati. <ref>"Emir of Gombe Palace, Gombe". ''Hotels.ng Places''. Retrieved 23 March 2022</ref> {|class=wikitable style="text-align:right;" |- !style="width:11em;"|Fara !!style="width:11em;"| Ƙarshe !! Sarki |- | 1804 || 1841 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| [[Buba Yero|Abubakar "Buba Yero" dan Usman Subande]] (b. c.1762 – d. 1841) |- | 1841 || 1844 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Sulaymanu dan Abubakar (d. 1844) |- | 1844 || 1882 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Muhammadu Kwairanga dan Abi Bakar (d. 1882) |- | 1882 || 1888 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Abd al-Qadiri Zaylani dan Muhammadu (d. 1888) |- | 1888 || 1895 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Hasan dan Muhammadu (d. 1895) |- | 1895 || 1898 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Tukur dan Muhammadu (d. 1898) |- | 1898 || 1898 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Jalo dan Muhammadu |- | 1898 || 1922 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Umaru dan Muhammadu (d. 1922) |- | 1922 || 1935 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Haruna dan Umaru (d. 1935) |- | January 1936 || January 1984 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Abu Bakar dan Umaru (b. 1902) |- | January 1984 || 27 May 2014 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| [[Shehu Abubakar|Shehu Usman Abubakar]] |- | June 2014 || Present ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| [[Abubakar Shehu-Abubakar|Abubakar Shehu Abubakar III]] (b. 1977) |- |} [[File:His Royal Highness Emir of Gombe.jpg|alt=sarkin gombe|center|right|thumb|100px|Mai Martaba Sarkin Gombe]] [[File:GOMBE_EMIRATE._Dogarai.jpg|thumb|Dogaran Sarkin Gombe]] == Bukukuwa == [[File:The_Emir_of_Gombe_Emirate_During_Sallah_Celebration.jpg|thumb|left|Mai martaba Sarkin Gombe a bikin hawan Sallah]] Ana gudanar da [[Durbar|bikin Durbar]] ne a kusan dukkanin jihohin Arewa 19 ciki har da masarautar Gombe, an gudanar da bikin ne domin kammala azumin watan Ramadan da aka fi sani da Eid-El-Fitr. <ref>Leger, Rudolf. ''The concept of Pulaaku mirrored in fulfulde proverbs of the Gombe dialect''</ref> == Abinci == Masarautar ta shahara wajen samar da Groundnut (gyada) da auduga. Manyan amfanin gona na tsabar kuɗi sun haɗa da hatsi kamar masara, Legumes misali waken soya, 'ya'yan itatuwa kamar lemu da kayan lambu kamar tumatir. <ref>Tiffen, M. (1976). ''The Enterprising Peasant: Economic Development in Gombe Emirate, North Eastern State, Nigeria, 1900-1968''. London, UK: HMSO. ISBN 978-0-11-880689-3</ref> == Hakiman Sarki == * AIG Zubairu Mu’azu (RTD.), Ubandoman Gombe * Alhaji kabiru Tsoho, Falakin Gombe * Alhaji Abubakar Manga Usman, Dan Makayon Gombe * Alhaji Mohammed Suraj Magaji, Galadiman Gombe ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} * [http://www.onlinenigeria.com/links/gombeadv.asp?blurb=261] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111030014412/http://www.onlinenigeria.com/links/gombeadv.asp?blurb=261 |date=2011-10-30 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130727122935/http://gombestate.gov.ng/Emirate-Councils.html] * [http://www.compassnewspaper.com/NG/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8625:pomp-as-gombe-monarch-marks-anniversary&catid=42:commune&Itemid=796] 2sv4cppyjicrsnfbopdo11lsqln8bhu 819968 819964 2026-04-09T22:32:47Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* bayan Zamanin mulkin mallaka */ 819968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Masarautu a Nijeriya]] '''Masarautar Gombe,''' Masarauta ce ta gargajiya a [[Najeriya]] wacce take jihar [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]] ta zamani a yanzu. Hakanan jihar [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]] tana dauke da masarautun [[Dukku]], [[Yamaltu/Deba|Deba]], [[Akko (Nijeriya)|Akko]], [[Yamaltu/Deba|Yamaltu]], Pindiga, [[Nafada]] da [[Funakaye]]. Sarkin Gombe na yanzu shi ne [[Abubakar Shehu-Abubakar|Alhaji Abubakar Shehu]] Abubakar III<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/amp/s/punchng.com/eid-el-fitr-gombe-emir-calls-for-peaceful-co-existence/%3famp</nowiki></ref>, wanda ya hau mulki a ranar shida 6 ga watan Yuni , shekara ta alif dubu biyu da goma sha huɗu (2014).Marigayi Sarkin [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], Alhaji [[Shehu Abubakar|Shehu Usman Abubakar]], ya kasance Sarki ne tun daga watan Agusta , na shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da hudu (1984).<ref>Julius Toba (23 January 2009). "Pomp, as Gombe monarch marks anniversary". ''Nigerian Compass''. Retrieved 21 September 2010</ref> ==Tarihin Farko== An kuma kafa masarautar ta Gombe ne a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da huɗu (1804) lokacin jihadin Fulani daga Buba Yero, wani mabiyin Shehu Usman dan Fodiyo. Buba Yero ya sanya Gombe Abba a matsayin hedikwatarsa domin yaƙi da matsugunan Jukun na Pindiga da Kalam, sannan kuma ya biyo baya da samammen hare-hare inda ya bi har zuwa Adamawa a can gefen Kogin Benuwai. Hrin ƙasashe ya kasance ƙarƙashin ɗansa, Muhammadu Kwairanga, Sarkin Gombe daga shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da arba'in da huɗu 1844 zuwa shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da dari takwas da tamanin da biyu (1882). Masarautar Gombe a wani lokaci ta faro daga Gombe Aba zuwa Jalingo, amma a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da talatin da ukku (1833) an ƙirƙiri masarautar Muri daga wani ɓangare na yankinta don kafa jiha don dan uwan sarki.<ref>"Gombe". ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved 21 September 2010.</ref> == bayan Zamanin mulkin mallaka == [[Birtaniya|Turawan Ingila]] sun kafa [https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/cowa91850-003/pdf tsarin mulkin] Gombe, wanda ya ci gaba da aiki bayan samun 'yancin kai a shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da sittin 1960. A shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba'in da shida (1976), gwamnatin mulkin soja ta [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ta wargaza hukumar ‘yan kasa zuwa kananan hukumomin [[Gombe (birni)|Gombe]], [[Akko (Nijeriya)|Akko]] da [[Dukku]] . A shekara ta dubu biyu da biyu (2002) Gwamnan Jihar Gombe [[Abubakar Habu Hashidu]] ya wargaza Masarautar Gombe, inda Sarakuna masu daraja ta biyu da manyan Hakimai biyu suka yi mulki. A shekara mai zuwa Gwamna [[Mohammed Danjuma Goje]] ya kara wasu manyan Hakimai guda biyu. Hakan dai ya rage karfin ikon Sarkin a daidai lokacin da ake fama da rikici tsakanin manoma da makiyayan Udawa, wanda ya hada da tashin hankali daga ƙungiyoyin addini. <ref name="blench">Jörg Adelberger (3 April 2009). "Maxims and Mountaineers – The colonial subjugation of the peoples of the Muri Mountains and the adjacent regions in Northern Nigeria [1]". ''Afrikanistik Online''. '''2009''' (6). Retrieved 21 September 2010</ref> == Al'adu == === Fadar Sarki === Fadar Gombe ta kasance hedikwatar gudanarwar masarautar Gombe. Marigayi Shehu Usman Abubakar, Sarkin Gombe na goma 10, wanda ya yi mulki daga Janairu, shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da huɗu (1984) har zuwa Mayu, shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha huɗu (2014) ne ya gina shi <ref name=":0">Roger Blench; Selbut Longtau; Umar Hassan; Martin Walsh (9 November 2006). "The Role of Traditional Rulers in Conflict Prevention and Mediation in Nigeria" (PDF). DFID, Nigeria. Retrieved 21 September 2010</ref> Fadar Sarkin Gombe na ɗaya daga cikin al'adun mutanen jihar Gombe. An yi la'akari da ita a matsayin babbar hanyar yawon shaƙatawa a Gombe shekaru da yawa. Ana kallon fadar a matsayin mafi kyawun tsarin gine-ginen jihar Gombe saboda kyawun tsarinsa. <ref name=":02">C. A. Woodhouse (January 1924). "Some Account of the Inhabitants of the Waja District of Bauchi Province, Nigeria. Part I". ''Journal of the Royal African Society''. Oxford University Press. '''23''' (90): 110–121. JSTOR 715387</ref> == Harshe == Masarautar Gombe al’umma ce mai kabilu da al’adu daban-daban, amma [[Fillanci|Fulfulde]] ita ce yaren da aka fi amfani da shi a masarautar. Kabilar [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] ta samu kansu a cikin madafun iko da shugabanci bayan da aka hambarar da sarakunan gargajiya a duk faɗin ƙasar [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da kuma wajenta. A cikin al'umma mai kabilu da al'adu daban-daban, ana zaton cewa a ko da yaushe ana son masu mulki. Saboda haka, ƙabilar masu mulki sau da yawa ana yin koyi da su ko kuma ma wasu kabilu su yi koyi da su don girmamawa da girmamawa. <ref>"Gombe-Abba: Historic emirs' town ruined by the British". ''Daily Trust''. 12 June 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2022.</ref> == Cinikayya == A siyasance da lissafi, Fulani ne suka mamaye yankin; wannan al'ummar ta hada da Fulani makiyaya, Fulani masu zama da wanda ba a zaune suke ba, da kuma Fulani masu zama. A cikin shekarun alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da talatin (1930), Fulani da dama sun zauna a kudancin Gombe inda suka yanke shawarar zama saboda yalwar kiwo da filayen noma, inda wasu suka ba da kiwonsu gabaɗaya don mayar da hankali kan noman auduga da masara. Mazauna kan yi tafiya mai nisa tare da danginsu, suna kawo iri da kayan aikin noma; rancen kuɗi da ƙananan tsarin abinci na aiki ana amfani da su don kiyaye mazauna har zuwa girbi na farko. <ref name=":1">Brown, G. T. (1 February 1980). "The Past, Present and Future of Powder Forging with Particular Reference to Ferrous Materials". ''SAE Technical Paper Series''. Warrendale, PA: SAE International. '''1'''. doi:10.4271/800304</ref> ==Masu Mulki== Waɗanda suka mulki masarautar Gombe:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_native.html |title=Traditional States of Nigeria |work=World Statesmen |accessdate=15 September 2010}}</ref> Babban yanayin ci gaba ya kasance zuwa ƙarin samun kasuwa, wanda ya haifar da haɓaka yawan amfanin gona da samun kuɗin shiga, tare da haɓaka haɓaka masana'antu. Daga budadden rumfuna, kasuwannin Gombe suna ba da babban zabi na kayayyakin gargajiya/na gida da ba za a iya amfani da su ba kamar sana’o’i, kayan aikin noma, yadudduka na gargajiya, calabash, da kayan ado na fata, da kuma abubuwa da dama da suka bambanta da kasuwa kamar sana’a. da kayan tarihi. Akwai durbar guda uku da fara farawa da zarar sarki ya shiga farfajiyar fadarsa bayan kammala sallar idi, karo na biyu yana hawa doki daga fadar zuwa gwamnati kuma na karshe shi ne sarki ya hau doki masu kyau da mukarrabansa, jarumai. kuma acrobats suna ganin al'amuransa a hanya kuma ana kiran wannan da Hawan Gida Gwamnati. <ref>"Emir of Gombe Palace, Gombe". ''Hotels.ng Places''. Retrieved 23 March 2022</ref> {|class=wikitable style="text-align:right;" |- !style="width:11em;"|Fara !!style="width:11em;"| Ƙarshe !! Sarki |- | 1804 || 1841 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| [[Buba Yero|Abubakar "Buba Yero" dan Usman Subande]] (b. c.1762 – d. 1841) |- | 1841 || 1844 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Sulaymanu dan Abubakar (d. 1844) |- | 1844 || 1882 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Muhammadu Kwairanga dan Abi Bakar (d. 1882) |- | 1882 || 1888 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Abd al-Qadiri Zaylani dan Muhammadu (d. 1888) |- | 1888 || 1895 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Hasan dan Muhammadu (d. 1895) |- | 1895 || 1898 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Tukur dan Muhammadu (d. 1898) |- | 1898 || 1898 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Jalo dan Muhammadu |- | 1898 || 1922 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Umaru dan Muhammadu (d. 1922) |- | 1922 || 1935 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Haruna dan Umaru (d. 1935) |- | January 1936 || January 1984 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Abu Bakar dan Umaru (b. 1902) |- | January 1984 || 27 May 2014 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| [[Shehu Abubakar|Shehu Usman Abubakar]] |- | June 2014 || Present ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| [[Abubakar Shehu-Abubakar|Abubakar Shehu Abubakar III]] (b. 1977) |- |} [[File:His Royal Highness Emir of Gombe.jpg|alt=sarkin gombe|center|right|thumb|100px|Mai Martaba Sarkin Gombe]] [[File:GOMBE_EMIRATE._Dogarai.jpg|thumb|Dogaran Sarkin Gombe]] == Bukukuwa == [[File:The_Emir_of_Gombe_Emirate_During_Sallah_Celebration.jpg|thumb|left|Mai martaba Sarkin Gombe a bikin hawan Sallah]] Ana gudanar da [[Durbar|bikin Durbar]] ne a kusan dukkanin jihohin Arewa 19 ciki har da masarautar Gombe, an gudanar da bikin ne domin kammala azumin watan Ramadan da aka fi sani da Eid-El-Fitr. <ref>Leger, Rudolf. ''The concept of Pulaaku mirrored in fulfulde proverbs of the Gombe dialect''</ref> == Abinci == Masarautar ta shahara wajen samar da Groundnut (gyada) da auduga. Manyan amfanin gona na tsabar kuɗi sun haɗa da hatsi kamar masara, Legumes misali waken soya, 'ya'yan itatuwa kamar lemu da kayan lambu kamar tumatir. <ref>Tiffen, M. (1976). ''The Enterprising Peasant: Economic Development in Gombe Emirate, North Eastern State, Nigeria, 1900-1968''. London, UK: HMSO. ISBN 978-0-11-880689-3</ref> == Hakiman Sarki == * AIG Zubairu Mu’azu (RTD.), Ubandoman Gombe * Alhaji kabiru Tsoho, Falakin Gombe * Alhaji Abubakar Manga Usman, Dan Makayon Gombe * Alhaji Mohammed Suraj Magaji, Galadiman Gombe ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} * [http://www.onlinenigeria.com/links/gombeadv.asp?blurb=261] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111030014412/http://www.onlinenigeria.com/links/gombeadv.asp?blurb=261 |date=2011-10-30 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130727122935/http://gombestate.gov.ng/Emirate-Councils.html] * [http://www.compassnewspaper.com/NG/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8625:pomp-as-gombe-monarch-marks-anniversary&catid=42:commune&Itemid=796] msuwc04hhy4g7iop1trmwc1tokk2q8a 819984 819968 2026-04-09T22:52:14Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Masu Mulki */ 819984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Masarautu a Nijeriya]] '''Masarautar Gombe,''' Masarauta ce ta gargajiya a [[Najeriya]] wacce take jihar [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]] ta zamani a yanzu. Hakanan jihar [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]] tana dauke da masarautun [[Dukku]], [[Yamaltu/Deba|Deba]], [[Akko (Nijeriya)|Akko]], [[Yamaltu/Deba|Yamaltu]], Pindiga, [[Nafada]] da [[Funakaye]]. Sarkin Gombe na yanzu shi ne [[Abubakar Shehu-Abubakar|Alhaji Abubakar Shehu]] Abubakar III<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/amp/s/punchng.com/eid-el-fitr-gombe-emir-calls-for-peaceful-co-existence/%3famp</nowiki></ref>, wanda ya hau mulki a ranar shida 6 ga watan Yuni , shekara ta alif dubu biyu da goma sha huɗu (2014).Marigayi Sarkin [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], Alhaji [[Shehu Abubakar|Shehu Usman Abubakar]], ya kasance Sarki ne tun daga watan Agusta , na shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da hudu (1984).<ref>Julius Toba (23 January 2009). "Pomp, as Gombe monarch marks anniversary". ''Nigerian Compass''. Retrieved 21 September 2010</ref> ==Tarihin Farko== An kuma kafa masarautar ta Gombe ne a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da huɗu (1804) lokacin jihadin Fulani daga Buba Yero, wani mabiyin Shehu Usman dan Fodiyo. Buba Yero ya sanya Gombe Abba a matsayin hedikwatarsa domin yaƙi da matsugunan Jukun na Pindiga da Kalam, sannan kuma ya biyo baya da samammen hare-hare inda ya bi har zuwa Adamawa a can gefen Kogin Benuwai. Hrin ƙasashe ya kasance ƙarƙashin ɗansa, Muhammadu Kwairanga, Sarkin Gombe daga shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da arba'in da huɗu 1844 zuwa shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da dari takwas da tamanin da biyu (1882). Masarautar Gombe a wani lokaci ta faro daga Gombe Aba zuwa Jalingo, amma a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da talatin da ukku (1833) an ƙirƙiri masarautar Muri daga wani ɓangare na yankinta don kafa jiha don dan uwan sarki.<ref>"Gombe". ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved 21 September 2010.</ref> == bayan Zamanin mulkin mallaka == [[Birtaniya|Turawan Ingila]] sun kafa [https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/cowa91850-003/pdf tsarin mulkin] Gombe, wanda ya ci gaba da aiki bayan samun 'yancin kai a shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da sittin 1960. A shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba'in da shida (1976), gwamnatin mulkin soja ta [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ta wargaza hukumar ‘yan kasa zuwa kananan hukumomin [[Gombe (birni)|Gombe]], [[Akko (Nijeriya)|Akko]] da [[Dukku]] . A shekara ta dubu biyu da biyu (2002) Gwamnan Jihar Gombe [[Abubakar Habu Hashidu]] ya wargaza Masarautar Gombe, inda Sarakuna masu daraja ta biyu da manyan Hakimai biyu suka yi mulki. A shekara mai zuwa Gwamna [[Mohammed Danjuma Goje]] ya kara wasu manyan Hakimai guda biyu. Hakan dai ya rage karfin ikon Sarkin a daidai lokacin da ake fama da rikici tsakanin manoma da makiyayan Udawa, wanda ya hada da tashin hankali daga ƙungiyoyin addini. <ref name="blench">Jörg Adelberger (3 April 2009). "Maxims and Mountaineers – The colonial subjugation of the peoples of the Muri Mountains and the adjacent regions in Northern Nigeria [1]". ''Afrikanistik Online''. '''2009''' (6). Retrieved 21 September 2010</ref> == Al'adu == === Fadar Sarki === Fadar Gombe ta kasance hedikwatar gudanarwar masarautar Gombe. Marigayi Shehu Usman Abubakar, Sarkin Gombe na goma 10, wanda ya yi mulki daga Janairu, shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da huɗu (1984) har zuwa Mayu, shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha huɗu (2014) ne ya gina shi <ref name=":0">Roger Blench; Selbut Longtau; Umar Hassan; Martin Walsh (9 November 2006). "The Role of Traditional Rulers in Conflict Prevention and Mediation in Nigeria" (PDF). DFID, Nigeria. Retrieved 21 September 2010</ref> Fadar Sarkin Gombe na ɗaya daga cikin al'adun mutanen jihar Gombe. An yi la'akari da ita a matsayin babbar hanyar yawon shaƙatawa a Gombe shekaru da yawa. Ana kallon fadar a matsayin mafi kyawun tsarin gine-ginen jihar Gombe saboda kyawun tsarinsa. <ref name=":02">C. A. Woodhouse (January 1924). "Some Account of the Inhabitants of the Waja District of Bauchi Province, Nigeria. Part I". ''Journal of the Royal African Society''. Oxford University Press. '''23''' (90): 110–121. JSTOR 715387</ref> == Harshe == Masarautar Gombe al’umma ce mai kabilu da al’adu daban-daban, amma [[Fillanci|Fulfulde]] ita ce yaren da aka fi amfani da shi a masarautar. Kabilar [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] ta samu kansu a cikin madafun iko da shugabanci bayan da aka hambarar da sarakunan gargajiya a duk faɗin ƙasar [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da kuma wajenta. A cikin al'umma mai kabilu da al'adu daban-daban, ana zaton cewa a ko da yaushe ana son masu mulki. Saboda haka, ƙabilar masu mulki sau da yawa ana yin koyi da su ko kuma ma wasu kabilu su yi koyi da su don girmamawa da girmamawa. <ref>"Gombe-Abba: Historic emirs' town ruined by the British". ''Daily Trust''. 12 June 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2022.</ref> == Cinikayya == A siyasance da lissafi, Fulani ne suka mamaye yankin; wannan al'ummar ta hada da Fulani makiyaya, Fulani masu zama da wanda ba a zaune suke ba, da kuma Fulani masu zama. A cikin shekarun alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da talatin (1930), Fulani da dama sun zauna a kudancin Gombe inda suka yanke shawarar zama saboda yalwar kiwo da filayen noma, inda wasu suka ba da kiwonsu gabaɗaya don mayar da hankali kan noman auduga da masara. Mazauna kan yi tafiya mai nisa tare da danginsu, suna kawo iri da kayan aikin noma; rancen kuɗi da ƙananan tsarin abinci na aiki ana amfani da su don kiyaye mazauna har zuwa girbi na farko. <ref name=":1">Brown, G. T. (1 February 1980). "The Past, Present and Future of Powder Forging with Particular Reference to Ferrous Materials". ''SAE Technical Paper Series''. Warrendale, PA: SAE International. '''1'''. doi:10.4271/800304</ref> ==Masu Mulki== Waɗanda suka mulki masarautar Gombe:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_native.html |title=Traditional States of Nigeria |work=World Statesmen |accessdate=15 September 2010}}</ref> Babban yanayin ci gaba ya kasance zuwa ƙarin samun kasuwa, wanda ya haifar da haɓaka yawan amfanin gona da samun kuɗin shiga, tare da haɓaka masana'antu. Daga budadden rumfuna, kasuwannin Gombe suna ba da babban zabi na kayayyakin gargajiya/na gida da ba za a iya amfani da su ba kamar sana’o’i, kayan aikin noma, yadudduka na gargajiya, calabash, da kayan ado na fata, da kuma abubuwa da dama da suka bambanta da kasuwa kamar sana’a. da kayan tarihi. Akwai durbar guda uku da fara farawa da zarar sarki ya shiga farfajiyar fadarsa bayan kammala sallar idi, karo na biyu yana hawa doki daga fadar zuwa gwamnati kuma na karshe shi ne sarki ya hau doki masu kyau da mukarrabansa, jarumai. kuma acrobats suna ganin al'amuransa a hanya kuma ana kiran wannan da Hawan Gida Gwamnati. <ref>"Emir of Gombe Palace, Gombe". ''Hotels.ng Places''. Retrieved 23 March 2022</ref> {|class=wikitable style="text-align:right;" |- !style="width:11em;"|Fara !!style="width:11em;"| Ƙarshe !! Sarki |- | 1804 || 1841 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| [[Buba Yero|Abubakar "Buba Yero" dan Usman Subande]] (b. c.1762 – d. 1841) |- | 1841 || 1844 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Sulaymanu dan Abubakar (d. 1844) |- | 1844 || 1882 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Muhammadu Kwairanga dan Abi Bakar (d. 1882) |- | 1882 || 1888 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Abd al-Qadiri Zaylani dan Muhammadu (d. 1888) |- | 1888 || 1895 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Hasan dan Muhammadu (d. 1895) |- | 1895 || 1898 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Tukur dan Muhammadu (d. 1898) |- | 1898 || 1898 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Jalo dan Muhammadu |- | 1898 || 1922 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Umaru dan Muhammadu (d. 1922) |- | 1922 || 1935 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Haruna dan Umaru (d. 1935) |- | January 1936 || January 1984 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Abu Bakar dan Umaru (b. 1902) |- | January 1984 || 27 May 2014 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| [[Shehu Abubakar|Shehu Usman Abubakar]] |- | June 2014 || Present ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| [[Abubakar Shehu-Abubakar|Abubakar Shehu Abubakar III]] (b. 1977) |- |} [[File:His Royal Highness Emir of Gombe.jpg|alt=sarkin gombe|center|right|thumb|100px|Mai Martaba Sarkin Gombe]] [[File:GOMBE_EMIRATE._Dogarai.jpg|thumb|Dogaran Sarkin Gombe]] == Bukukuwa == [[File:The_Emir_of_Gombe_Emirate_During_Sallah_Celebration.jpg|thumb|left|Mai martaba Sarkin Gombe a bikin hawan Sallah]] Ana gudanar da [[Durbar|bikin Durbar]] ne a kusan dukkanin jihohin Arewa 19 ciki har da masarautar Gombe, an gudanar da bikin ne domin kammala azumin watan Ramadan da aka fi sani da Eid-El-Fitr. <ref>Leger, Rudolf. ''The concept of Pulaaku mirrored in fulfulde proverbs of the Gombe dialect''</ref> == Abinci == Masarautar ta shahara wajen samar da Groundnut (gyada) da auduga. Manyan amfanin gona na tsabar kuɗi sun haɗa da hatsi kamar masara, Legumes misali waken soya, 'ya'yan itatuwa kamar lemu da kayan lambu kamar tumatir. <ref>Tiffen, M. (1976). ''The Enterprising Peasant: Economic Development in Gombe Emirate, North Eastern State, Nigeria, 1900-1968''. London, UK: HMSO. ISBN 978-0-11-880689-3</ref> == Hakiman Sarki == * AIG Zubairu Mu’azu (RTD.), Ubandoman Gombe * Alhaji kabiru Tsoho, Falakin Gombe * Alhaji Abubakar Manga Usman, Dan Makayon Gombe * Alhaji Mohammed Suraj Magaji, Galadiman Gombe ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} * [http://www.onlinenigeria.com/links/gombeadv.asp?blurb=261] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111030014412/http://www.onlinenigeria.com/links/gombeadv.asp?blurb=261 |date=2011-10-30 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130727122935/http://gombestate.gov.ng/Emirate-Councils.html] * [http://www.compassnewspaper.com/NG/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8625:pomp-as-gombe-monarch-marks-anniversary&catid=42:commune&Itemid=796] miqjk38bowkdp706jqd0664b4ei1gmv 819989 819984 2026-04-09T22:55:54Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Masu Mulki */ 819989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Masarautu a Nijeriya]] '''Masarautar Gombe,''' Masarauta ce ta gargajiya a [[Najeriya]] wacce take jihar [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]] ta zamani a yanzu. Hakanan jihar [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]] tana dauke da masarautun [[Dukku]], [[Yamaltu/Deba|Deba]], [[Akko (Nijeriya)|Akko]], [[Yamaltu/Deba|Yamaltu]], Pindiga, [[Nafada]] da [[Funakaye]]. Sarkin Gombe na yanzu shi ne [[Abubakar Shehu-Abubakar|Alhaji Abubakar Shehu]] Abubakar III<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/amp/s/punchng.com/eid-el-fitr-gombe-emir-calls-for-peaceful-co-existence/%3famp</nowiki></ref>, wanda ya hau mulki a ranar shida 6 ga watan Yuni , shekara ta alif dubu biyu da goma sha huɗu (2014).Marigayi Sarkin [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], Alhaji [[Shehu Abubakar|Shehu Usman Abubakar]], ya kasance Sarki ne tun daga watan Agusta , na shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da hudu (1984).<ref>Julius Toba (23 January 2009). "Pomp, as Gombe monarch marks anniversary". ''Nigerian Compass''. Retrieved 21 September 2010</ref> ==Tarihin Farko== An kuma kafa masarautar ta Gombe ne a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da huɗu (1804) lokacin jihadin Fulani daga Buba Yero, wani mabiyin Shehu Usman dan Fodiyo. Buba Yero ya sanya Gombe Abba a matsayin hedikwatarsa domin yaƙi da matsugunan Jukun na Pindiga da Kalam, sannan kuma ya biyo baya da samammen hare-hare inda ya bi har zuwa Adamawa a can gefen Kogin Benuwai. Hrin ƙasashe ya kasance ƙarƙashin ɗansa, Muhammadu Kwairanga, Sarkin Gombe daga shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da arba'in da huɗu 1844 zuwa shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da dari takwas da tamanin da biyu (1882). Masarautar Gombe a wani lokaci ta faro daga Gombe Aba zuwa Jalingo, amma a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da talatin da ukku (1833) an ƙirƙiri masarautar Muri daga wani ɓangare na yankinta don kafa jiha don dan uwan sarki.<ref>"Gombe". ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved 21 September 2010.</ref> == bayan Zamanin mulkin mallaka == [[Birtaniya|Turawan Ingila]] sun kafa [https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/cowa91850-003/pdf tsarin mulkin] Gombe, wanda ya ci gaba da aiki bayan samun 'yancin kai a shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da sittin 1960. A shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba'in da shida (1976), gwamnatin mulkin soja ta [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ta wargaza hukumar ‘yan kasa zuwa kananan hukumomin [[Gombe (birni)|Gombe]], [[Akko (Nijeriya)|Akko]] da [[Dukku]] . A shekara ta dubu biyu da biyu (2002) Gwamnan Jihar Gombe [[Abubakar Habu Hashidu]] ya wargaza Masarautar Gombe, inda Sarakuna masu daraja ta biyu da manyan Hakimai biyu suka yi mulki. A shekara mai zuwa Gwamna [[Mohammed Danjuma Goje]] ya kara wasu manyan Hakimai guda biyu. Hakan dai ya rage karfin ikon Sarkin a daidai lokacin da ake fama da rikici tsakanin manoma da makiyayan Udawa, wanda ya hada da tashin hankali daga ƙungiyoyin addini. <ref name="blench">Jörg Adelberger (3 April 2009). "Maxims and Mountaineers – The colonial subjugation of the peoples of the Muri Mountains and the adjacent regions in Northern Nigeria [1]". ''Afrikanistik Online''. '''2009''' (6). Retrieved 21 September 2010</ref> == Al'adu == === Fadar Sarki === Fadar Gombe ta kasance hedikwatar gudanarwar masarautar Gombe. Marigayi Shehu Usman Abubakar, Sarkin Gombe na goma 10, wanda ya yi mulki daga Janairu, shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da huɗu (1984) har zuwa Mayu, shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha huɗu (2014) ne ya gina shi <ref name=":0">Roger Blench; Selbut Longtau; Umar Hassan; Martin Walsh (9 November 2006). "The Role of Traditional Rulers in Conflict Prevention and Mediation in Nigeria" (PDF). DFID, Nigeria. Retrieved 21 September 2010</ref> Fadar Sarkin Gombe na ɗaya daga cikin al'adun mutanen jihar Gombe. An yi la'akari da ita a matsayin babbar hanyar yawon shaƙatawa a Gombe shekaru da yawa. Ana kallon fadar a matsayin mafi kyawun tsarin gine-ginen jihar Gombe saboda kyawun tsarinsa. <ref name=":02">C. A. Woodhouse (January 1924). "Some Account of the Inhabitants of the Waja District of Bauchi Province, Nigeria. Part I". ''Journal of the Royal African Society''. Oxford University Press. '''23''' (90): 110–121. JSTOR 715387</ref> == Harshe == Masarautar Gombe al’umma ce mai kabilu da al’adu daban-daban, amma [[Fillanci|Fulfulde]] ita ce yaren da aka fi amfani da shi a masarautar. Kabilar [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] ta samu kansu a cikin madafun iko da shugabanci bayan da aka hambarar da sarakunan gargajiya a duk faɗin ƙasar [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da kuma wajenta. A cikin al'umma mai kabilu da al'adu daban-daban, ana zaton cewa a ko da yaushe ana son masu mulki. Saboda haka, ƙabilar masu mulki sau da yawa ana yin koyi da su ko kuma ma wasu kabilu su yi koyi da su don girmamawa da girmamawa. <ref>"Gombe-Abba: Historic emirs' town ruined by the British". ''Daily Trust''. 12 June 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2022.</ref> == Cinikayya == A siyasance da lissafi, Fulani ne suka mamaye yankin; wannan al'ummar ta hada da Fulani makiyaya, Fulani masu zama da wanda ba a zaune suke ba, da kuma Fulani masu zama. A cikin shekarun alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da talatin (1930), Fulani da dama sun zauna a kudancin Gombe inda suka yanke shawarar zama saboda yalwar kiwo da filayen noma, inda wasu suka ba da kiwonsu gabaɗaya don mayar da hankali kan noman auduga da masara. Mazauna kan yi tafiya mai nisa tare da danginsu, suna kawo iri da kayan aikin noma; rancen kuɗi da ƙananan tsarin abinci na aiki ana amfani da su don kiyaye mazauna har zuwa girbi na farko. <ref name=":1">Brown, G. T. (1 February 1980). "The Past, Present and Future of Powder Forging with Particular Reference to Ferrous Materials". ''SAE Technical Paper Series''. Warrendale, PA: SAE International. '''1'''. doi:10.4271/800304</ref> ==Masu Mulki== Waɗanda suka mulki masarautar Gombe:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_native.html |title=Traditional States of Nigeria |work=World Statesmen |accessdate=15 September 2010}}</ref> Babban yanayin ci gaba ya kasance zuwa ƙarin samun kasuwa, wanda ya haifar da haɓaka yawan amfanin gona da samun kuɗin shiga, tare da haɓaka masana'antu. Daga budaddun rumfuna, kasuwannin Gombe suna ba da babban zabi na kayayyakin gargajiya/na gida da ba za a iya amfani da su ba kamar sana’o’i, kayan aikin noma, yadudduka na gargajiya, calabash, da kayan ado na fata, da kuma abubuwa da dama da suka bambanta da kasuwa kamar sana’a. da kayan tarihi. Akwai durbar guda uku da fara farawa da zarar sarki ya shiga farfajiyar fadarsa bayan kammala sallar idi, karo na biyu yana hawa doki daga fadar zuwa gwamnati kuma na karshe shi ne sarki ya hau doki masu kyau da mukarrabansa, jarumai. kuma acrobats suna ganin al'amuransa a hanya kuma ana kiran wannan da Hawan Gida Gwamnati. <ref>"Emir of Gombe Palace, Gombe". ''Hotels.ng Places''. Retrieved 23 March 2022</ref> {|class=wikitable style="text-align:right;" |- !style="width:11em;"|Fara !!style="width:11em;"| Ƙarshe !! Sarki |- | 1804 || 1841 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| [[Buba Yero|Abubakar "Buba Yero" dan Usman Subande]] (b. c.1762 – d. 1841) |- | 1841 || 1844 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Sulaymanu dan Abubakar (d. 1844) |- | 1844 || 1882 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Muhammadu Kwairanga dan Abi Bakar (d. 1882) |- | 1882 || 1888 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Abd al-Qadiri Zaylani dan Muhammadu (d. 1888) |- | 1888 || 1895 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Hasan dan Muhammadu (d. 1895) |- | 1895 || 1898 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Tukur dan Muhammadu (d. 1898) |- | 1898 || 1898 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Jalo dan Muhammadu |- | 1898 || 1922 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Umaru dan Muhammadu (d. 1922) |- | 1922 || 1935 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Haruna dan Umaru (d. 1935) |- | January 1936 || January 1984 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Abu Bakar dan Umaru (b. 1902) |- | January 1984 || 27 May 2014 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| [[Shehu Abubakar|Shehu Usman Abubakar]] |- | June 2014 || Present ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| [[Abubakar Shehu-Abubakar|Abubakar Shehu Abubakar III]] (b. 1977) |- |} [[File:His Royal Highness Emir of Gombe.jpg|alt=sarkin gombe|center|right|thumb|100px|Mai Martaba Sarkin Gombe]] [[File:GOMBE_EMIRATE._Dogarai.jpg|thumb|Dogaran Sarkin Gombe]] == Bukukuwa == [[File:The_Emir_of_Gombe_Emirate_During_Sallah_Celebration.jpg|thumb|left|Mai martaba Sarkin Gombe a bikin hawan Sallah]] Ana gudanar da [[Durbar|bikin Durbar]] ne a kusan dukkanin jihohin Arewa 19 ciki har da masarautar Gombe, an gudanar da bikin ne domin kammala azumin watan Ramadan da aka fi sani da Eid-El-Fitr. <ref>Leger, Rudolf. ''The concept of Pulaaku mirrored in fulfulde proverbs of the Gombe dialect''</ref> == Abinci == Masarautar ta shahara wajen samar da Groundnut (gyada) da auduga. Manyan amfanin gona na tsabar kuɗi sun haɗa da hatsi kamar masara, Legumes misali waken soya, 'ya'yan itatuwa kamar lemu da kayan lambu kamar tumatir. <ref>Tiffen, M. (1976). ''The Enterprising Peasant: Economic Development in Gombe Emirate, North Eastern State, Nigeria, 1900-1968''. London, UK: HMSO. ISBN 978-0-11-880689-3</ref> == Hakiman Sarki == * AIG Zubairu Mu’azu (RTD.), Ubandoman Gombe * Alhaji kabiru Tsoho, Falakin Gombe * Alhaji Abubakar Manga Usman, Dan Makayon Gombe * Alhaji Mohammed Suraj Magaji, Galadiman Gombe ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} * [http://www.onlinenigeria.com/links/gombeadv.asp?blurb=261] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111030014412/http://www.onlinenigeria.com/links/gombeadv.asp?blurb=261 |date=2011-10-30 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130727122935/http://gombestate.gov.ng/Emirate-Councils.html] * [http://www.compassnewspaper.com/NG/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8625:pomp-as-gombe-monarch-marks-anniversary&catid=42:commune&Itemid=796] svdtgo9xckxi4bngzqkfs5ubgcbnjsw 819992 819989 2026-04-09T22:57:46Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Masu Mulki */ 819992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Masarautu a Nijeriya]] '''Masarautar Gombe,''' Masarauta ce ta gargajiya a [[Najeriya]] wacce take jihar [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]] ta zamani a yanzu. Hakanan jihar [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]] tana dauke da masarautun [[Dukku]], [[Yamaltu/Deba|Deba]], [[Akko (Nijeriya)|Akko]], [[Yamaltu/Deba|Yamaltu]], Pindiga, [[Nafada]] da [[Funakaye]]. Sarkin Gombe na yanzu shi ne [[Abubakar Shehu-Abubakar|Alhaji Abubakar Shehu]] Abubakar III<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/amp/s/punchng.com/eid-el-fitr-gombe-emir-calls-for-peaceful-co-existence/%3famp</nowiki></ref>, wanda ya hau mulki a ranar shida 6 ga watan Yuni , shekara ta alif dubu biyu da goma sha huɗu (2014).Marigayi Sarkin [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], Alhaji [[Shehu Abubakar|Shehu Usman Abubakar]], ya kasance Sarki ne tun daga watan Agusta , na shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da hudu (1984).<ref>Julius Toba (23 January 2009). "Pomp, as Gombe monarch marks anniversary". ''Nigerian Compass''. Retrieved 21 September 2010</ref> ==Tarihin Farko== An kuma kafa masarautar ta Gombe ne a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da huɗu (1804) lokacin jihadin Fulani daga Buba Yero, wani mabiyin Shehu Usman dan Fodiyo. Buba Yero ya sanya Gombe Abba a matsayin hedikwatarsa domin yaƙi da matsugunan Jukun na Pindiga da Kalam, sannan kuma ya biyo baya da samammen hare-hare inda ya bi har zuwa Adamawa a can gefen Kogin Benuwai. Hrin ƙasashe ya kasance ƙarƙashin ɗansa, Muhammadu Kwairanga, Sarkin Gombe daga shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da arba'in da huɗu 1844 zuwa shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da dari takwas da tamanin da biyu (1882). Masarautar Gombe a wani lokaci ta faro daga Gombe Aba zuwa Jalingo, amma a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da talatin da ukku (1833) an ƙirƙiri masarautar Muri daga wani ɓangare na yankinta don kafa jiha don dan uwan sarki.<ref>"Gombe". ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved 21 September 2010.</ref> == bayan Zamanin mulkin mallaka == [[Birtaniya|Turawan Ingila]] sun kafa [https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/cowa91850-003/pdf tsarin mulkin] Gombe, wanda ya ci gaba da aiki bayan samun 'yancin kai a shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da sittin 1960. A shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba'in da shida (1976), gwamnatin mulkin soja ta [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ta wargaza hukumar ‘yan kasa zuwa kananan hukumomin [[Gombe (birni)|Gombe]], [[Akko (Nijeriya)|Akko]] da [[Dukku]] . A shekara ta dubu biyu da biyu (2002) Gwamnan Jihar Gombe [[Abubakar Habu Hashidu]] ya wargaza Masarautar Gombe, inda Sarakuna masu daraja ta biyu da manyan Hakimai biyu suka yi mulki. A shekara mai zuwa Gwamna [[Mohammed Danjuma Goje]] ya kara wasu manyan Hakimai guda biyu. Hakan dai ya rage karfin ikon Sarkin a daidai lokacin da ake fama da rikici tsakanin manoma da makiyayan Udawa, wanda ya hada da tashin hankali daga ƙungiyoyin addini. <ref name="blench">Jörg Adelberger (3 April 2009). "Maxims and Mountaineers – The colonial subjugation of the peoples of the Muri Mountains and the adjacent regions in Northern Nigeria [1]". ''Afrikanistik Online''. '''2009''' (6). Retrieved 21 September 2010</ref> == Al'adu == === Fadar Sarki === Fadar Gombe ta kasance hedikwatar gudanarwar masarautar Gombe. Marigayi Shehu Usman Abubakar, Sarkin Gombe na goma 10, wanda ya yi mulki daga Janairu, shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da huɗu (1984) har zuwa Mayu, shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha huɗu (2014) ne ya gina shi <ref name=":0">Roger Blench; Selbut Longtau; Umar Hassan; Martin Walsh (9 November 2006). "The Role of Traditional Rulers in Conflict Prevention and Mediation in Nigeria" (PDF). DFID, Nigeria. Retrieved 21 September 2010</ref> Fadar Sarkin Gombe na ɗaya daga cikin al'adun mutanen jihar Gombe. An yi la'akari da ita a matsayin babbar hanyar yawon shaƙatawa a Gombe shekaru da yawa. Ana kallon fadar a matsayin mafi kyawun tsarin gine-ginen jihar Gombe saboda kyawun tsarinsa. <ref name=":02">C. A. Woodhouse (January 1924). "Some Account of the Inhabitants of the Waja District of Bauchi Province, Nigeria. Part I". ''Journal of the Royal African Society''. Oxford University Press. '''23''' (90): 110–121. JSTOR 715387</ref> == Harshe == Masarautar Gombe al’umma ce mai kabilu da al’adu daban-daban, amma [[Fillanci|Fulfulde]] ita ce yaren da aka fi amfani da shi a masarautar. Kabilar [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] ta samu kansu a cikin madafun iko da shugabanci bayan da aka hambarar da sarakunan gargajiya a duk faɗin ƙasar [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da kuma wajenta. A cikin al'umma mai kabilu da al'adu daban-daban, ana zaton cewa a ko da yaushe ana son masu mulki. Saboda haka, ƙabilar masu mulki sau da yawa ana yin koyi da su ko kuma ma wasu kabilu su yi koyi da su don girmamawa da girmamawa. <ref>"Gombe-Abba: Historic emirs' town ruined by the British". ''Daily Trust''. 12 June 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2022.</ref> == Cinikayya == A siyasance da lissafi, Fulani ne suka mamaye yankin; wannan al'ummar ta hada da Fulani makiyaya, Fulani masu zama da wanda ba a zaune suke ba, da kuma Fulani masu zama. A cikin shekarun alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da talatin (1930), Fulani da dama sun zauna a kudancin Gombe inda suka yanke shawarar zama saboda yalwar kiwo da filayen noma, inda wasu suka ba da kiwonsu gabaɗaya don mayar da hankali kan noman auduga da masara. Mazauna kan yi tafiya mai nisa tare da danginsu, suna kawo iri da kayan aikin noma; rancen kuɗi da ƙananan tsarin abinci na aiki ana amfani da su don kiyaye mazauna har zuwa girbi na farko. <ref name=":1">Brown, G. T. (1 February 1980). "The Past, Present and Future of Powder Forging with Particular Reference to Ferrous Materials". ''SAE Technical Paper Series''. Warrendale, PA: SAE International. '''1'''. doi:10.4271/800304</ref> ==Masu Mulki== Waɗanda suka mulki masarautar Gombe:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_native.html |title=Traditional States of Nigeria |work=World Statesmen |accessdate=15 September 2010}}</ref> Babban yanayin ci gaba ya kasance zuwa ƙarin samun kasuwa, wanda ya haifar da haɓaka yawan amfanin gona da samun kuɗin shiga, tare da haɓaka masana'antu. Daga budaddun rumfunan, kasuwannin Gombe suna ba da babban zabi na kayayyakin gargajiya/na gida da ba za a iya amfani da su ba kamar sana’o’i, kayan aikin noma, yadudduka na gargajiya, calabash, da kayan ado na fata, da kuma abubuwa da dama da suka bambanta da kasuwa kamar sana’a. da kayan tarihi. Akwai durbar guda uku da fara farawa da zarar sarki ya shiga farfajiyar fadarsa bayan kammala sallar idi, karo na biyu yana hawa doki daga fadar zuwa gwamnati kuma na karshe shi ne sarki ya hau doki masu kyau da mukarrabansa, jarumai. kuma acrobats suna ganin al'amuransa a hanya kuma ana kiran wannan da Hawan Gida Gwamnati. <ref>"Emir of Gombe Palace, Gombe". ''Hotels.ng Places''. Retrieved 23 March 2022</ref> {|class=wikitable style="text-align:right;" |- !style="width:11em;"|Fara !!style="width:11em;"| Ƙarshe !! Sarki |- | 1804 || 1841 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| [[Buba Yero|Abubakar "Buba Yero" dan Usman Subande]] (b. c.1762 – d. 1841) |- | 1841 || 1844 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Sulaymanu dan Abubakar (d. 1844) |- | 1844 || 1882 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Muhammadu Kwairanga dan Abi Bakar (d. 1882) |- | 1882 || 1888 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Abd al-Qadiri Zaylani dan Muhammadu (d. 1888) |- | 1888 || 1895 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Hasan dan Muhammadu (d. 1895) |- | 1895 || 1898 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Tukur dan Muhammadu (d. 1898) |- | 1898 || 1898 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Jalo dan Muhammadu |- | 1898 || 1922 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Umaru dan Muhammadu (d. 1922) |- | 1922 || 1935 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Haruna dan Umaru (d. 1935) |- | January 1936 || January 1984 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Abu Bakar dan Umaru (b. 1902) |- | January 1984 || 27 May 2014 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| [[Shehu Abubakar|Shehu Usman Abubakar]] |- | June 2014 || Present ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| [[Abubakar Shehu-Abubakar|Abubakar Shehu Abubakar III]] (b. 1977) |- |} [[File:His Royal Highness Emir of Gombe.jpg|alt=sarkin gombe|center|right|thumb|100px|Mai Martaba Sarkin Gombe]] [[File:GOMBE_EMIRATE._Dogarai.jpg|thumb|Dogaran Sarkin Gombe]] == Bukukuwa == [[File:The_Emir_of_Gombe_Emirate_During_Sallah_Celebration.jpg|thumb|left|Mai martaba Sarkin Gombe a bikin hawan Sallah]] Ana gudanar da [[Durbar|bikin Durbar]] ne a kusan dukkanin jihohin Arewa 19 ciki har da masarautar Gombe, an gudanar da bikin ne domin kammala azumin watan Ramadan da aka fi sani da Eid-El-Fitr. <ref>Leger, Rudolf. ''The concept of Pulaaku mirrored in fulfulde proverbs of the Gombe dialect''</ref> == Abinci == Masarautar ta shahara wajen samar da Groundnut (gyada) da auduga. Manyan amfanin gona na tsabar kuɗi sun haɗa da hatsi kamar masara, Legumes misali waken soya, 'ya'yan itatuwa kamar lemu da kayan lambu kamar tumatir. <ref>Tiffen, M. (1976). ''The Enterprising Peasant: Economic Development in Gombe Emirate, North Eastern State, Nigeria, 1900-1968''. London, UK: HMSO. ISBN 978-0-11-880689-3</ref> == Hakiman Sarki == * AIG Zubairu Mu’azu (RTD.), Ubandoman Gombe * Alhaji kabiru Tsoho, Falakin Gombe * Alhaji Abubakar Manga Usman, Dan Makayon Gombe * Alhaji Mohammed Suraj Magaji, Galadiman Gombe ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} * [http://www.onlinenigeria.com/links/gombeadv.asp?blurb=261] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111030014412/http://www.onlinenigeria.com/links/gombeadv.asp?blurb=261 |date=2011-10-30 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130727122935/http://gombestate.gov.ng/Emirate-Councils.html] * [http://www.compassnewspaper.com/NG/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8625:pomp-as-gombe-monarch-marks-anniversary&catid=42:commune&Itemid=796] b07xua2osgw0gvdity95y2nheie8w8g 0 19066 819841 310789 2026-04-09T12:06:19Z Raymond 17696 high res image of the painting 819841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Jüngstes Gericht - Stefan Lochner - Wallraf-Richartz-Museum & Fondation Corboud-5126 (cropped).jpg|thumb|370x370px| ''Hukunci na'' Lastarshe wanda Stefan Lochner ya zana a karni na 15 .]] [[File:Tympanum The Last Judgement (b).JPG|thumb|Tympanum the last judgement ]] A Addinin [[Kirista]] '''Rãnar rarrabẽwa,''' ita rana a nan gaba a lokacin da duk mutanen da ke zaune ko suka taɓa rayuwa za a hukunci da [[Allah]] . An san shi sau da yawa azaman '''thearshen Lastarshe, Hukunci na ,arshe, Ranar Shari'a, Ranar kiyama''', ko wani lokacin ana kiranta '''Ranar Ubangiji''' . == Imanin Kiristanci na farko == A cikin [[Tsohon Alkawari]] [[Manzo|annabawa]] sun faɗa cewa wata rana [[Allah]] zai aiko da ɗansa ya gafartawa mutane laifin da suka aikata kuma ya ceci rayukansu . A shekarun farko na cocin kirista mutane suna tunanin cewa, kodayake Yesu Kiristi yanzu ya ziyarci duniya sannan kuma ya mutu dominmu a kan gicciye, za a kammala ceto ne kawai lokacin da duniya ta ƙare kuma dukkan mutane da ke raye ko matattu za su fuskanci Allah wanda zai yi musu hukunci. . == Magana game da Ranar Shari'a a cikin Baibul == An ambaci Ranar Ubangiji sau da yawa a cikin Tsohon Alkawari (misali Littafin Ezekiel sura 13 v.5 da Ishaya sura 2 v.12). A cikin [[Sabon Alkawari]] akan ambaci zuwan Kristi a matsayin Alkalin duniya sosai. A cikin wasikun Bulus da kuma a cikin Wahayin Yahaya, Kiristocin da suke nagari za su yi mulki tare da Kristi na ɗan lokaci a wannan duniyar. Lokacin da Kristi ya zo za a sanar da shi ta ƙaho . Zai sauko daga sama . Dukan mutanen da suke da rai za su rayu, kuma dukan waɗanda suka mutu za su sake rayuwa. <ref>[[First Epistle to the Thessalonians]], Chapter 4 v.17</ref> Zuwan Almasihu na Biyu anyi magana ne akan tsoffin ƙa'idoji . A cikin Akidar Manzanni ya ce: “Ya hau zuwa sama. . . Daga nan zai zo ya yi wa rayayyu da matattu hukunci ”. A cikin Creed Nicene ya ce: "Zai sake dawowa cikin ɗaukaka don yin hukunci ga rayayyu da matattu". == Ranar hisabi a cikin fasaha == Wannan imani game da Ranar Shari'a ya sa masu zane da yawa a cikin shekaru daban-daban su zana ko zana zuwan Almasihu na biyu. Ofayan shahararrun shine [[Michelangelo|zanen Michelangelo]] akan rufin Sistine Chapel a [[Rum|Rome]] . == Manazarta == == Kara karantawa == * Sabuwar Encyclopaedia Britannica juzu'i na 16 p.&nbsp;369 [[Category:Addini]] [[Category:Kiristancìì]] tq2wxihhb1hq950znf4kpp23tef8i1n 0 20255 820064 773062 2026-04-10T09:07:28Z BnHamid 12586 820064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Amina''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya na shekarar 2021 wanda [[Izu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranta. Ya dogara ne akan labarin rayuwar jarumar daular [[Zazzau]] ta ƙarni na 16, [[Sarauniya Amina]] . ''Amina'' ta fara fitowa a [[Netflix]] a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwogu |first=Precious 'Mamazeus' |date=2021-11-04 |title=''Amina'': Izu Ojukwu showers ''Living In Bondage'' writer Okey Ogunjiofor with accolades |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/amina-izu-ojukwu-reveals-okey-ogunjiofor-wrote-new-netflix-movie/cf7l3fb |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Fim ɗin ya sami mafi yawan zaɓe a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards, 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Okechukwu Ogunjiofor's ''Amina'' leads AMVCA 2022 with 13 nominations |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/03/okechukwu-ogunjiofors-amina-leads-amvca-2022-with-13-nominations/amp/ |website=Vanguard Nigeria |publisher=Benjamin Njoku}}</ref> == Labari == Fim ɗin ya fara ne da fafatawa tsakanin zakaran Zazzau Kabarkai da Danjuma. Bayan ganin faɗan, wata matashiya Amina ta ci gaba da gaya wa mahaifinta, Sarkin Zazzau (Abu Chris Gbakann) cewa tana son zama jarumi. Wannan ya zo ne da turjiya daga Magaji Mjinyawa wanda ya ba da shawara cewa sojojin Zazzau ba su taɓa ɗaukar mace ba. Wannan makircin ya samo asali ne daga abubuwan da suka faru da suka kai ga hawan Amina kan karagar mulkin Zazzau.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwogu |first=Precious 'Mamazeus' |date=2021-11-04 |title=''Amina'': Izu Ojukwu showers ''Living In Bondage'' writer Okey Ogunjiofor with accolades |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/amina-izu-ojukwu-reveals-okey-ogunjiofor-wrote-new-netflix-movie/cf7l3fb |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> == Ƴan wasan kwaikwayo == * [[Lucy Ameh]] a matsayin Amina * [[Ali Nuhu]] a matsayin Danjuma * [[Clarion Chukwura|Clarion Chukwurah]] as Zumbura * Paul Adubazi a matsayin Sarkin Busa * Okonkwo David Chibuzor as Ogaga * Jennifer Ezekiel Ade a matsayin Gimbiya Igala * Usman Tijjani Abubakar as Ibrahim * Victoria Nweke Ekene a matsayin Mero * Dan Chris Ebie a matsayin Galadima * Sani Danja a matsayin Soja * Lawndi Bashir Datti a matsayin Matashi Danjuma * Debua Alheri a matsayin Firist na Igala * Abu Chris Gbakann a matsayin Sarki * Magaji Mijinyawa a matsayin [https://vodsfera.pl/cast/madaki-asabe/ Madaki] * Habiba Ummi Mohammed a matsayin Zariya * Asabe Madaki as Aladi Ameh <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwogu |first=Precious 'Mamazeus' |date=2021-11-04 |title=''Amina'': Izu Ojukwu showers ''Living In Bondage'' writer Okey Ogunjiofor with accolades |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/amina-izu-ojukwu-reveals-okey-ogunjiofor-wrote-new-netflix-movie/cf7l3fb |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> == Liyafar maraba == An soki fim ɗin saboda kasancewarsa cikin harshen Hausa kuma babban jaruminsa ba ɗan asalin ƙasar Hausa ba ne. An kuma soki fim ɗin saboda ya ƙunshi kurakurai da dama na tarihi. Ojukwu ya mayar da martani cewa rashin isassun bayanai da bayanai game da abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin Najeriya ya sa ya yi wuya a shirya fim ɗin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwogu |first=Precious 'Mamazeus' |date=2021-11-04 |title=''Amina'': Izu Ojukwu showers ''Living In Bondage'' writer Okey Ogunjiofor with accolades |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/amina-izu-ojukwu-reveals-okey-ogunjiofor-wrote-new-netflix-movie/cf7l3fb |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo da nadin mukamai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Kyauta ! Nau'i ! Mai karɓa ! Sakamako ! Bayani |- | rowspan="13" | 2022 | rowspan="13" | [[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyaututtukan Zaɓin Masu Kallon Afirka Magic]] | Fitacciyar Jaruma Mai Tallafawa | Clarion Chukwura|{{Nom}} | rowspan="13" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Okechukwu Ogunjiofor's ''Amina'' leads AMVCA 2022 with 13 nominations |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/03/okechukwu-ogunjiofors-amina-leads-amvca-2022-with-13-nominations/amp/ |website=Vanguard Nigeria |publisher=Benjamin Njoku}}</ref> |- | Fitaccen Jarumin Tallafawa | Magaji Mijinyawa|{{Nom}} |- | Mafi kyawun Daraktan Zane-zane | Tunji Afolayan|{{Won}} |- | Mafi kyawun Mai Zane Tufafi | Millicent T. Jack|{{Won}} |- | Mafi kyawun Mai Zane Hasken Haske | Stanley Ibegbu Okechukwu|{{Nom}} |- | Mafi kyawun Editan Sauti | Jim Lively da James Nelson|{{Won}} |- | Mafi kyawun Waƙoƙin Sauti | Dabs Agwom|{{Nom}} |- | Mafi Kyawun Kayan Kwalliya | Dagogo Diminas And Gabriel Okorie Gabazzini|{{Nom}} |- | Mafi Kyawun Marubuci | Frank Chinedu Uba|{{Nom}} |- | Mafi kyawun Mai Daukar Fina-finai | Peter Kreil, Wale Adebayo, Samuel Jonathan da Moruf Fadaro|{{Nom}} |- | Mafi kyawun Fim a Yammacin Afirka | Oke Ogunjiofor|{{Nom}} |- | Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin Jimillar | Izu Ojukwu And Okey Ogunjiofor|{{Won}} |- | Mafi kyawun Darakta | Izu Ojukwu|{{Nom}} |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fim]] [[Category: Fina-finan Najeriya]] fjt8h9qw9j5kxzthdu1jpt3ez3yy2j4 820086 820064 2026-04-10T11:39:32Z Em-mustapha 6594 Restored revision 86139 by [[Special:Contributions/Em-mustapha|Em-mustapha]] ([[User talk:Em-mustapha|talk]]): Wannan shi ne asalin shafin (TwinkleGlobal) 820086 wikitext text/x-wiki #Redirect [[Sarauniya Amina]] ldcg3kkbk3fmq1fa85piwc22tmztzwj 820087 820086 2026-04-10T11:56:00Z Em-mustapha 6594 +restore disambiguation page 820087 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amina''' suna, asali daga larabci; <br>ʾĀmina آمنة <br>ʾAmīna أمينة : آمنة (ʾĀmina) <br/>أمينة (ʾAmīna): ;Suna: mace ; ma'ana = آمنة (ʾĀmina): ''mai aminci, keɓantacce''<br/>أمينة (ʾAmīna): ''aminci, gaskiya, mai gaskiya, amintacciya, mai amana, amana, mai biyayyar addini'' ; yanki = ko'ina ;asali = [[Larabci]] ; nau'in sunan = Aminah, Aminat, Aminas, Aminna, Amiina, Amine, Aminka, Aminke, Amines, Aminei, Aminata, Amiwata '''Amina''' (ko '''Aminah''') nau'in sunaye biyu ne na yadda ake rubuta sunan: * '''ʾĀmina''' (larabci: آمنة, ko kuma da turanci ''Aaminah'' ko ''[[Amna]]'') ma'ana "mai aminci, keɓantacce'" * '''ʾAmīna''' (larabci: أمينة, ko turanci ''Ameena''), nau'in sunan namiiji [[Amin (suna)|Amin]], ma'ana "mai amainci, amintacce, bawan Allah [[Iman (musulunci)|Iman]]". Sunan ya shahara a [[Nigeria]] ganin suna ne na sarauniya [[Amina ta Zazzau]], shaharararriyar Sarauniyar ƙasar [[Mutanen Hausawa|Hausa]] . Haka a ƙasashen [[Cameroon]] da [[Niger]]. ai2cegbru9kjyi9po5oawr6bt1hbg1a 4 21908 819942 819634 2026-04-09T21:28:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 819942 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numba !Edita !Gudummuwa !Lokacin rajista |- |1 |[[User:Milahu|Milahu]] |[[Special:Contributions/Milahu|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 7 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |2 |[[User:Ampstimesvolts|Ampstimesvolts]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ampstimesvolts|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 7 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |3 |[[User:狼狼君|狼狼君]] |[[Special:Contributions/狼狼君|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 7 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |4 |[[User:StickyMan1982|StickyMan1982]] |[[Special:Contributions/StickyMan1982|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 7 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |5 |[[User:Houssain tork|Houssain tork]] |[[Special:Contributions/Houssain tork|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 8 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |6 |[[User:Salmanu Muhammad ahmad|Salmanu Muhammad ahmad]] |[[Special:Contributions/Salmanu Muhammad ahmad|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 8 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |7 |[[User:Llama24q|Llama24q]] |[[Special:Contributions/Llama24q|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 8 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |8 |[[User:Jsaispasnonplus|Jsaispasnonplus]] |[[Special:Contributions/Jsaispasnonplus|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 8 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |9 |[[User:Yasirmir123|Yasirmir123]] |[[Special:Contributions/Yasirmir123|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 8 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |10 |[[User:Abdulhakeem Hussain|Abdulhakeem Hussain]] |[[Special:Contributions/Abdulhakeem Hussain|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 8 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |11 |[[User:Mohsy11|Mohsy11]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mohsy11|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 8 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |12 |[[User:Sulaiman Abdulmuiz Muhammad|Sulaiman Abdulmuiz Muhammad]] |[[Special:Contributions/Sulaiman Abdulmuiz Muhammad|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 8 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |13 |[[User:Maryam Muhammad salihu|Maryam Muhammad salihu]] |[[Special:Contributions/Maryam Muhammad salihu|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 8 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |14 |[[User:Rabiatu Sulaiman|Rabiatu Sulaiman]] |[[Special:Contributions/Rabiatu Sulaiman|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 8 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |15 |[[User:Rabi'at Hassan Mukhtar|Rabi'at Hassan Mukhtar]] |[[Special:Contributions/Rabi'at Hassan Mukhtar|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 8 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |16 |[[User:Nuhu Muhammad Kabir|Nuhu Muhammad Kabir]] |[[Special:Contributions/Nuhu Muhammad Kabir|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 8 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |17 |[[User:Ruth Kuh|Ruth Kuh]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ruth Kuh|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 8 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |18 |[[User:Lonski|Lonski]] |[[Special:Contributions/Lonski|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 8 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |19 |[[User:Timur I. 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"Chip Kelly" is a different person. 819955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Chip Kelly Smile.jpg|thumb|Kelly da Oregon Ducks a 2010]] [[Fayil:Chip Kelly and Oregon Ducks football players.jpg|thumb| Chip Kelly and Oregon Ducks football players]] {{Infobox college coach|name=Chip Kelly|coach_team9=[[Philadelphia Eagles]]|coach_team5=New Hampshire (OL)|coach_years6=1999–2006|coach_team6=New Hampshire (OC)|coach_years7=2007–2008|coach_team7=[[Oregon Ducks football|Oregon]] (OC)|coach_years8=2009–2012|coach_team8=Oregon|coach_years9=2013–2015|coach_years10=2016|coach_team4=[[Johns Hopkins Blue Jays football|Johns Hopkins]] (DC)|coach_team10=[[San Francisco 49ers]]|coach_years11=2018–present|coach_team11=[[UCLA Bruins football|UCLA]]|overall_record=58–28 (college)<br>28–35 (NFL)|bowl_record=2–2|tournament_record=0–1 ([[2013–14 NFL playoffs|NFL Playoffs]])|championships=3 [[List of Pac-12 Conference football champions|Pac-12]] (2009–2011)<br>2 [[List of Pac-12 Conference football champions#Division Championships|Pac-12 North Division]] (2011, 2012)<br>1 [[NFC East|NFC East Division]] (2013)|awards=2× [[Pac-12 Conference football individual awards#Coach of the Year|Pac-10 Coach of the Year]] (2009, 2010)<br>[[Associated Press College Football Coach of the Year Award]] (2010)<br>[[Eddie Robinson Coach of the Year Award]] (2010)<br>[[Walter Camp Coach of the Year Award]] (2010)<br>[[Sporting News College Football Coach of the Year|Sporting News Coach of the Year]] (2010)<br>[[AFCA Coach of the Year Award]] (2010)<br>[[National Football League Coach of the Year Award#Maxwell Football Club NFL Coach of the Year|Maxwell Club NFL Coach of the Year]] (2013)|coach_years5=1997–1998|coach_years4=1993|image=Chip Kelly Smile.jpg|birth_place=[[Dover, New Hampshire]]|alt=|current_title=[[Head coach]]|current_team=[[UCLA Bruins football|UCLA]]|current_conference=[[Pac-12 Conference|Pac-12]]|current_record=12–21|contract=$3.5 million <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sports.usatoday.com/ncaa/salaries/|title=College Football Head Coach Salaries - USA TODAY}}</ref>|caption=Kelly with the Oregon Ducks in 2010|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1963|11|25|mf=y}}|alma_mater=|coach_team3=[[New Hampshire Wildcats football|New Hampshire]] (RB)|player_years1=1981–1984|player_team1=[[New Hampshire Wildcats football|New Hampshire]]|player_positions=[[Defensive back]]|coach_years1=1990|coach_team1=[[Columbia Lions football|Columbia]] (DB/ST)|coach_years2=1991|coach_team2=Columbia (OLB/S)|coach_years3=1992, 1994–1996|coaching_records|=}} '''Chip Edward Kelly''' (an haife ta ranar 25 ga watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1963).<ref>Wilner, Jon (April 11, 2020). "Silicon Chip: 49ers coach Chip Kelly brings unseen innovation to NFL". ''The Mercury News''. Retrieved April 11, 2020.</ref> shine kocin ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka wanda shine babban kocin UCLA Bruins . Ya zama mashahuri a matsayin babban kocin Oregon Ducks daga shekara ta 2009 zuwa 2012, wanda ya jagoranci bayyanar wasannin kwana huɗu na BCS, gami da Wasannin Gasar Wasannin Kasa na 2011 BCS. Wannan nasarar ta sa ya yi aiki a matsayin babban koci a Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kasa (NFL) na yanayi hudu, uku tare da Philadelphia Eagles (2013-2015) kuma daya tare da San Francisco 49ers (2016).Aikin NFL na Kelly ya kasance bai yi nasara ba, kawai yana yin wasannin a farkon kakar sa tare da Philadelphia, wanda hakan ya sa aka kore shi daga kungiyoyin biyu.Bayan barin NFL, Kelly ya koma kwallon kafa na kwaleji a 2018 don horar da UCLA. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Kelly a Dover, New Hampshire . Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Manchester<ref name=":0">Rob Moseley (July 19, 2009). "A Beautiful Mind: Kelly's innovations led him on the path to Oregon". ''[[The Register-Guard]]''. Retrieved October 1, 2010.</ref> kuma ya sami Bachelor of Science a ilimin motsa jiki daga Jami'ar New Hampshire a shekarar 1990. Ya buga wasan kwata -kwata a Manchester Central kuma ya koma baya a Jami'ar New Hampshire.<ref>"Chip Kelly Biography". GoDucks.com. Archived from the original on September 29, 2008. Retrieved August 3, 2009.</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙanƙara da ƙwallon kwando a lokacin karatun sakandare.<ref name=":0" /> == Aikin koyawa == === Shekaru na koyawa na farko === Kelly ya shiga matsayin koyawa a 1990 a Jami'ar Columbia, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin kocin sakandare da na musamman na ƙungiyar sabo. A shekara mai zuwa, ya kasance mai layin layi na waje da kuma kocin aminci mai ƙarfi ga ƙungiyar varsity. A cikin 1992, ya tafi Jami'ar New Hampshire a matsayin mai horar da 'yan wasan baya . Ya bar ya zama mai kula da tsaro a Jami'ar Johns Hopkins na tsawon lokaci guda. Ya koma almajirin sa a matsayin mai horar da 'yan wasan baya na yanayi uku masu zuwa (1994 - 96). Ya zo daidai lokacin da zai ƙirƙiri wani shiri na toshe yanki don tauraron Jerry Azumah . Daga shekarar1995 zuwa 1998, saurin sauri ya ɗaga martabar ƙwallon ƙafa ta UNH yayin da ya yi sauri don abin da ya kasance rikodin FCS 6,193 yadi.<ref>"Perfecting the formula". ''[[SB Nation]]''. September 24, 2013. Retrieved January 15, 2017.</ref> Ya canza zuwa mai koyar da layin ɓarna na yanayi biyu (1997 - 98). [[File:Chip Kelly, Sam Bradford (21766577058) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Chip Kelly]] An haɓaka Kelly zuwa mai gudanarwa na ɓarna a New Hampshire a shekarar (1999 - 2006). Laifukan Wildcats sun kai matsakaita fiye da yadudduka 400 a kowane wasa na babban laifi a cikin bakwai daga cikin lokutan sa guda takwas A shekarar 2004, makarantar ta karya rikodin makaranta 29; yana tattara yadi 5,446 na duka laifi da zira maki 40 ko fiye a wasanni bakwai. Mafi kyawun fitowar su shine a cikin shekarar 2005 lokacin da Wildcats ya gama na biyu a cikin ƙasa baki ɗaya (493.5 ypg), na uku a zira kwallaye (41.7 ppg) da na biyar a wucewa (300.1 ypg). Sun kammala kakar tare da rikodin 11 - 2. Gridiron Club na Greater Boston ya nada shi Mataimakin Mataimakin Kolejin na Shekara ta hanyar kakar 2005 ban da zaɓin da ya yi a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun masu horar da ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji" ta Wasan Kwallon Kafa na Amurka. A cikin shekara 2006, ɗan wasan baya Ricky Santos ya lashe kyautar Walter Payton a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Kelly, bayan Santos ya gama na biyu a zaɓen kyautar a shekara ta 2005. <ref name="autogenerated1" /> Kelly, tare da babban kocin Florida Gators Dan Mullen, tsohon mai kula da cin zarafin Winnipeg Blue Bombers Gary Crowton da babban kocin jihar Ohio Ryan Day, suna cikin abin da ake kira "Mafia New Hampshire" saboda dukkansu suna da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da New Hampshire. === Ducks na Oregon (2007 - 2012) === Kelly ya horar da Ducks na Oregon zuwa wasannin BCS a cikin kowane yanayi hudu na sa a matsayin babban koci; da 2010 Rose Bowl, 2011 BCS National Championship Game, 2012 Rose Bowl da 2013 Fiesta Bowl . Ya horar da Oregon zuwa gasa uku a jere a jere daga shekarata 2009 - 2011 da taken rabon taro a shekarar 2012. Oregon ta lashe wasan tasa na BCS na biyu a jere bayan da suka ci #5 Kansas State a 2013 Fiesta Bowl. Abin da za a iya ɗauka shine mafi mahimmancin sashin karatun Kelly a Oregon, duk da haka, shine ya sanya bayanan da ba a ci nasara ba akan Ducks da aka fi ƙiyayya, Oregon Beavers da Washington Huskies, wani abu wanda kocin Oregon bai taɓa cimmasa ba. An ba shi lambar yabo ta Coach of the Year 2009 da 2010, 2010 Eddie Robinson Coach of the Year, 2010 Walter Camp Coach of the Year, 2010 Sporting News Coach of the Year, 2010 AFCA Coach of the Year Award da 2010 Associated Press Kocin Shekara . ==== Mai gudanar da laifi ==== An yi hayar Kelly a matsayin mai gudanar da hare -hare a Oregon a watan Fabrairu shekarata 2007. Babban harin da ya ba da na cin zarafi ya kasance nasara nan take a Oregon. A farkon kakar sa a matsayin mai gudanar da hare-hare a Oregon, Ducks sun jagoranci Pac-10 wajen zira kwallaye (38.15 ppg) da cikakken laifi (467.54 ypg), sannan kuma ya zama ƙungiyar ƙwallo mafi ƙima yayin tara mafi yadi a tarihin kwallon Oregon . Kafin zuwan Kelly a Oregon, Dennis Dixon ya yi gwagwarmaya a cikin yanayi uku na farko a kwata -kwata. A karkashin jagorancin Kelly, Dixon shine Pac-10 Laifin Dan Wasan Shekara kuma ya fito a matsayin dan takarar Heisman Trophy. A cikin shekarar 2008, Ducks sun sake jagorantar Pac-10 wajen zira kwallaye (ppg 41.9) da cikakken laifi (484.8 ypg), yayin da keta alamar rikodin makaranta ya saita kakar da ta gabata. ==== Shugaban koci ==== A ranar 31 ga Maris, 2009, Oregon ya sanar da cewa za a inganta babban kocin Mike Bellotti zuwa daraktan wasanni; saboda haka, za a inganta Kelly a matsayin babban kocin. ==== 2009 kakar ==== Kelly ya taimaka wa Ducks su sami kulawar ƙasa a cikin shakara ta 2009 bayan tashin hankali na #5 USC Trojans a ranar 31 ga Oktoba. Kelly ya zama kocin Pac-10 na farko da ya lashe gasar zakara a farkon kakar sa, inda ya aika da Ducks zuwa Rose Bowl a karon farko tun daga shekarata 1995. Ducks sun yi fatan lashe Rose Bowl na farko tun daga shekara na 1917, amma an mamaye su a asara zuwa Jami'ar Jihar Ohio. A ranar 7 ga Disamba, 2009 Kelly ya kasance mai suna Pac-10 Coach of the year. Shi ne kocin Ducks na biyu da ya sami wannan girmamawa, ɗayan kuma shine Rich Brooks (sau biyu). ==== 2010 kakar ==== Kafin kakar wasa ta 2010, Kelly ya dakatar da Jeremiah Masoli na kakar bayan da dan wasan kwata-kwata ya amsa laifin yin fashin digirin digirgir na biyu, yana mai nuna shekara ta biyu a jere da aka dakatar da wani babban dan wasa. <ref>[http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/sports_blog/2010/03/oregon-suspends-quarterback-jeremiah-masoli-for-the-2010-season.html Oregon suspends quarterback Jeremiah Masoli for the 2010 season], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', March 12, 2010</ref> Daga baya an kori Masoli daga cikin tawagar sakamakon kamun da aka yi da tabar wiwi da laifukan tuki da dama. A farkon Oktoba, Kelly ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa matsayi na #1 akan AP, Harris, da USA Today Coach Poll, ya biyo bayan 'yan makonni bayan wani #1 BCS ranking. <ref>[https://www.espn.com/blog/statsinfo/post/_/id/11067 Oregon vaults over Auburn in BCS], ''ESPN'', October 31, 2010</ref> Tare da cin nasara 37-20 akan Beavers na Jihar Oregon a ranar 4 ga Disamba, a shekarar 2010, Kelly ya jagoranci Ducks zuwa kammalawar 9-0 a wasan taro, inda suka lashe taken Pac-10 na Arewa a jere. Tare da Darron Thomas a kwata -kwata da wanda ya ci lambar yabo ta Doak Walker LaMichael James a guduwa baya, Ducks ya kai maki 49.3 da yadudduka 537.5 a kowane wasa a kakar wasa ta yau da kullun. A watan Disamba, bayan kakar 12-0 da ba a ci nasara ba da kuma ƙarshen lokacin #2 BCS ranking, an zaɓi Oregon don buga #1 Auburn Tigers a wasan zakarun ƙasa na BCS a ranar 10 ga Janairu shekarata 2011. Tigers, sun fita daga Taron Kudu maso Gabas , Gene Chizik ne ya horar da su, kuma sun sami nasarar Heisman Trophy a kwata -kwata a Cam Newton . Ducks sun yi asara, 22–19, akan na ƙarshe, na filin yadi 19 na Wes Byrum. Ya kasance mafi kusa da cewa wata ƙungiya daga yankin Arewa maso Yammacin Pacific ta sami nasarar lashe gasar zakarun ƙasa tun lokacin da aka nada Washington zakara tare tare da Miami a 1991. Dangane da nasarorin kocin nasa, Kelly ya karɓi kyautar Eddie Robinson Coach of the Year, Walter Camp Coach of the Year kuma an ba shi suna Pac-10 Coach of the Year don shekara ta biyu da ke gudana. Kelly ya kuma lashe Kocin AP na Shekara . ==== 2011 kakar ==== Lokacin shekarar 2011 ya fara da #3 Ducks suna fuskantar #4 LSU Tigers a cikin Cowboys Classic inda aka ci su 40 - 27. Oregon ya lashe wasanni tara na gaba, gami da nasarar fashewa 53 - 30 a #3 Stanford . Tafiyar a jere da aka dawo zuwa Gasar BCS da alama ta kasance mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, amma sun ci su 38-35 ta #18 USC lokacin ƙoƙarin ƙoƙarin filin Oregon ya gaza yayin da lokaci ya ƙare. Ducks sun lashe gasar zakarun Pac-12 na uku kai tsaye bayan da suka doke UCLA a wasan farko na gasar zakarun kwallon kafa na Pac-12. Sun wakilci Pac-12 a cikin Rose Bowl kuma sun ci #10 Wisconsin 45-38. Wannan shine bayyanar Rose Bowl na biyu a cikin shekaru uku kuma na shida gaba ɗaya. Wannan ita ce shekara ta Oregon a jere a cikin wasan kwano na BCS. Ducks sun gama kakar 12-2 (8-1 Pac-12) tare da matsayi na #4 na ƙarshe . ==== 2012 kakar ==== Babban mashawarcin Oregon na lokaci-lokaci LaMichael James ya yanke shawarar yin watsi da babban kakar sa na shekarar 2012 don NFL da fara kwata-kwata Darron Thomas, tare da aikin fara rikodin 23-3, abin mamaki kuma ya yanke shawarar barin farkon don NFL. Jagorancin sabon jaririn Marcus Mariota a wasan kwata -kwata da babban jigo Kenjon Barner, Oregon ya birge zuwa nasarori goma kai tsaye kafin daga ƙarshe ya faɗi zuwa #14 Stanford a cikin ƙarin lokaci 17-14 a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba. Oregon yana da damar biyu don doke Stanford da burin filin amma ƙoƙarin duka ya ci tura. Kelly's Ducks zai sake komawa don doke #16 Jihar Oregon a cikin Yaƙin Basasa don shekara ta biyar kai tsaye kuma ya buga #5 Kansas State a cikin 2013 Fiesta Bowl . Ducks sun tabbatar sun yi yawa ga Jihar Kansas yayin da suka yi nasara zuwa nasarar 35 - 17 a shekara ta huɗu ta Oregon a jere a cikin wasan kwano na BCS. Ducks sun gama kakar 12-1 (8-1 Pac-12) tare da matsayi #2, sanya su a cikin manyan biyar na ƙimar kakar ƙarshe don kakar wasa ta uku a jere. A ranar 16 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2013, ''The Oregonian ya ba da'' rahoton cewa Jami'ar Oregon ta yi tayin sanya shirin ƙwallon ƙafa a gwajin shekaru biyu don mayar da martani ga cin zarafin NCAA da ake zargin ya faru a lokacin Kelly a matsayin shugaban koci. A ranar 26 ga Yuni, shekarar 2013 Kwamitin NCAA kan Tashe -tashen hankula ya ba da rahotonsa na kammala bincike kan yadda Oregon ke amfani da ayyukan duba ƙwallon ƙafa. Oregon ya karɓi shekaru 3 na gwaji, rage tallafin karatu, amma ba a hana kwano ba. Kelly ta sami hukuncin kisa na watanni 18, wanda hakan zai sa ɗaukar wani ma'aikacin NCAA ya zama da wahala. Wannan cikas ya zama abin ƙyama, duk da haka, bayan Kelly ya shafe shekaru huɗu masu zuwa yana koyarwa a cikin NFL. ==== NFL sha'awa ==== Kocin New York Giants Tom Coughlin ya yi ƙoƙarin hayar Kelly a matsayin kocin kula da inganci ashekarata 2006 lokacin da Kelly ya kasance mai gudanar da hargitsi a Jami'ar New Hampshire . Kelly ya ƙi tayin kuma jim kaɗan bayan ya zama mai gudanar da ayyukan ɓarna a Jami'ar Oregon . A cikin bazara na shakarata 2009, Jon Gruden da Kelly sun shafe kwanaki da yawa a Tampa, Florida, suna tattaunawa kan dabaru, ci gaba, da dabarun ɓarna. A watan Nuwamba na 2010, Kelly ya ziyarci Pete Carroll a cibiyar koyon aikin Seattle Seahawks yayin makon bye na Oregon. A cikin Janairu a shekaran 2012, Tampa Bay Buccaneers sun yi hira da Kelly don matsayin babban kocin amma ya ƙi ɗaukar aikin saboda yana da "kasuwancin da bai gama kammalawa" tare da Ducks. A lokacin kashe -kashe na shekarata 2012, Kelly ya sadu da kocin New England Patriots Bill Belichick don tattauna yadda ya aiwatar da laifin "blur" da ya gudu a Oregon. New England ta fara aiwatar da laifin cikin sauri tun 2007. ''Marubucin Oregonian'' John Canzano yayi hasashen cewa Kelly yana jiran matsayin kocin New England Patriots don samun samuwa. [[File:Chip Kelly, Sam Bradford (21766577058).jpg|thumb|Chip Kelly]] A farkon Janairu nq shekarata 2013, ƙungiyoyin NFL da yawa sun nuna sha'awa kuma Buffalo Bills, Cleveland Browns da Philadelphia Eagles sun yi hira da Kelly. Bayan ganawar sa’o’i bakwai da Browns sannan taron na awa tara da Eagles, ESPN Adam Schefter ya ruwaito cewa Kelly da farko ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da zama a Oregon. Mako guda bayan haka, Kelly ya karɓi tayin daga Philadelphia kuma ya zama babban kocin Eagles. === Philadelphia Eagles (2013–2015) === * Saltvelt, Mark (2013) ''Tao na Chip Kelly: Darasi daga Babban Kocin Amurka'' . Buga Bugawa.  * Saltvelt, Mark (2015) ''Sarrafa Hargitsi: Juyin Kwallon Kafa na Chip Kelly'' . Buga Bugawa. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1626818231|1626818231]] {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Ƙungiya ! rowspan="2" | Shekara ! colspan="5" | Lokaci na yau da kullun ! colspan="4" | Lokacin bazara |- ! Nasara ! An rasa ! Daure ! Nasara % ! Gama ! Nasara ! An rasa ! Nasara % ! Sakamakon |- style="background:#fdd;" ! PHI ! 2013 | 10 | 6 | 0 | .625 | '''1st a NFC Gabas''' | 0 | 1 | .000 | <small>'''An rasa zuwa Waliyyai na New Orleans a cikin NFC Wild Card Game'''</small> |- ! PHI ! 2014 | 10 | 6 | 0 | .625 | 2nd a NFC Gabas | - | - | - | - |- ! PHI ! 2015 | 6 | 9 | 0 | .400 | (Kashe) | - | - | - | - |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar PHI ! 26 ! 21 ! 0 ! .553 ! ! 0 ! 1 ! .000 ! |- ! SF ! 2016 | 2 | 14 | 0 | .125 | 4th a NFC West | - | - | - | - |- ! colspan="2" | SF Jimlar ! 2 ! 14 ! 0 ! .125 ! ! 0 ! 0 ! .000 ! |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 28 ! 35 ! 0 ! .452 ! ! 0 ! 1 ! .000 ! |}   ==Hanyoyin waje== ==Manazarta== [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 69fwdxtz8e9am6qx498aglmq87fe38d 3 61656 820085 729574 2026-04-10T11:35:24Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* Muƙala mara ma'ana */ sabon sashe 820085 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Abdulrahman tahir shika! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Abdulrahman tahir shika|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 15 Oktoba 2023 (UTC) == Gargaɗi == Sannu da aiki @[[User:Abdulrahman tahir shika|Abdulrahman tahir shika]]. Saidai kana gyaran da bai kamata ba. Inda aka rubuta "Shekarar" seka goge ka rubuta "Shekara ta" wanda hakan ba ƙwarewa bace ko gyara. [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Pharouqenr</span>]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|Talk]]) 09:20, 5 Satumba 2025 (UTC) == Mukala mara ma'ana - Za'a goge ta [[Yana da sauƙi a kan kanka?]] == Assalam @[[User:Abdulrahman tahir shika|Abdulrahman tahir shika]], Za'a goge wannan mukala bata da ma'ana saboda haka zan goge ta. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 21:39, 2 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :Har da wannan ma [[Hannun Soyayya]]. Bata da ma'ana kuma bata karantuwa [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 21:44, 2 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Abdulrahman tahir shika|Abdulrahman tahir shika]], don Allah ka rika kirkirar mukala mai ma'ana.. idan ka cigaba da kirkirar marasa kyau zan yi bulokin dinka. Idan kana neman karin bayani game da yadda ake gyara a Wikipedia to ka tuntube ni ko wani daga cikin kwararrun editoci don jagoranci. ::Bissalam [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 22:00, 2 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :::Okay tom yallabai insha Allahu zan gyara nagode [[User:Abdulrahman tahir shika|Abdulrahman tahir shika]] ([[User talk:Abdulrahman tahir shika|talk]]) 08:45, 3 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Za'a Goge [[Ragewa]] == Assalam @[[User:Abdulrahman tahir shika|Abdulrahman tahir shika]], Wannan mukala [[Ragewa]] tana da kura-kurai da yawa kuma bata da ma'ana (bata karantuwa). Ina mai baka shawara idan zaka yi fassara to ka tabbata ka samu take (topic) da kake da kwarewa a ciki, misali mutane, wuri etc. Amma ba fannin kimiyya da fasaha ba. Nagode [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 06:41, 1 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC) :Okay tom insha Allahu zan gyara [[User:Abdulrahman tahir shika|Abdulrahman tahir shika]] ([[User talk:Abdulrahman tahir shika|talk]]) 07:33, 1 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC) == Muƙala mara ma'ana == Barka, na goge muƙalar da ka ƙirƙira "Gonakin iska.." ko kaɗan babu ma'ana a wannan sunan. [[User:Em-mustapha|<span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp><b><u>Em-mustapha</u></b></samp></span>]] ^{<samp><u>[[User talk:Em-mustapha|'''talk''']]</u></samp>} 11:35, 10 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) r2t7lerc1ktfhpv37bd9hqg60sigxrl 0 62113 819883 794534 2026-04-09T17:25:24Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne == Manazararta== h9hxspfyveom3ucg7dgp7f0hvy8vuzf 819884 819883 2026-04-09T17:27:55Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta == Manazararta== iwvs07ofv140iaghbp02jqq2gwixkqa 819885 819884 2026-04-09T17:29:14Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna == Manazararta== a7k5b89yd8l8p2h39emi6b5uxkj0rko 819886 819885 2026-04-09T17:34:16Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu == Manazararta== 8jkxmqsj1riyca4v0hvn695067aojs3 819887 819886 2026-04-09T17:35:36Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: == Manazararta== 27lt8q7h6esaehzyh6fvowx86b3wrre 819888 819887 2026-04-09T17:37:38Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' == Manazararta== 7e6a91gqajy6h85ghb6sl6u7g0xpgq8 819889 819888 2026-04-09T17:40:28Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' a == Manazararta== hcidx859fso4b27lh2iw8g7uvl6ov6q 819903 819889 2026-04-09T21:15:23Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, == Manazararta== 2cx9cffl1fo2aplrapxybpki3uxxfhc 819904 819903 2026-04-09T21:17:13Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta == Manazararta== d5t6iie2n3p5comtrgoz5ixo09wgcq6 819905 819904 2026-04-09T21:19:02Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta duk girmanta. == Manazararta== scwro2egjhjpgdjpmnauez5ju2ppxzs 819907 819905 2026-04-09T21:22:11Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da a == Manazararta== 1dim5we8sg9rxm7covdk43vsj6140sg 819909 819907 2026-04-09T21:23:17Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don == Manazararta== 8x0x5xgseox8m673mi6268okpfjkyjq 819921 819909 2026-04-09T21:25:07Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta Asali. == Manazararta== c2v9mtlpdkzfsa5tba5jw3lu7ggt167 819943 819921 2026-04-09T21:28:46Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya == Manazararta== 4tzi3rjz0iejp7ky4gmifehmj8j2rhq 819945 819943 2026-04-09T21:29:49Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da == Manazararta== 4dofdyfqv5ekivhe3y4czlloywl1kr1 819946 819945 2026-04-09T21:31:11Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. == Manazararta== ms4ejsd8fo9g8jxbo62vnddhymc46d9 819948 819946 2026-04-09T21:37:04Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: == Manazararta== koghgy7isilq83ytmcjoj7dikjax3gn 819949 819948 2026-04-09T21:42:00Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, ba shine ba * Ita ce, ba itace ba * == Manazararta== dhx76k2gtcat9hnfmwlgn1l8fsc4okb 819951 819949 2026-04-09T21:46:06Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, ba shine ba * Ita ce, ba itace ba * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? == Manazararta== awnp6k4i43tyshp6twlsp7knsyhpy6v 819952 819951 2026-04-09T21:47:42Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, ba shine ba * Ita ce, ba itace ba * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? * Na ni na zo da shi ba == Manazararta== 6ctotdqxw9hth0gov3xkpknupcqrib0 819954 819952 2026-04-09T21:49:36Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, ba shine ba * Ita ce, ba itace ba * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? Kar a v * Na ni na zo da shi ba == Manazararta== n6561qj09s73ufzw281h1s5w1odz3xb 819957 819954 2026-04-09T22:02:35Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) ba * Ita ce, ba itace ba * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? Kar a v * Na ni na zo da shi ba == Manazararta== 9wrtonge2gmu0ntzgpc9yn9jzieapuz 819958 819957 2026-04-09T22:03:56Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) ba * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? Kar a v * Na ni na zo da shi ba == Manazararta== d11xzrbz7g48r6qbq7pnpye3q7uuw0r 819960 819958 2026-04-09T22:04:39Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? Kar a * Na ni na zo da shi ba == Manazararta== kay8bs20cuyorq4bli94sx6vo7b76c8 819962 819960 2026-04-09T22:16:03Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Na ni na zo da shi ba == Manazararta== nefuj8g7j23bgszh7osynlse5yc8qqi 819965 819962 2026-04-09T22:28:24Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Na ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: == Manazararta== t9mxbxwa1d9jgjur5f99931vvw3ib1c 819966 819965 2026-04-09T22:30:25Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) == Manazararta== e2j7kglzffi1s1k8cjiifilflloheyf 819967 819966 2026-04-09T22:32:39Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar * == Manazararta== ibam7hmqhi6ogr7xxh0s2fwtzou4s49 819969 819967 2026-04-09T22:33:05Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce; * == Manazararta== d2n0gk2w5cn8gm249v672qjtig3m1b4 819970 819969 2026-04-09T22:35:24Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) * == Manazararta== pxzaee5zeez1k863eajthn4rvnjev64 819971 819970 2026-04-09T22:36:54Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka == Manazararta== 6shs9017llwkh91azox4wtu1in6xubm 819972 819971 2026-04-09T22:38:06Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin == Manazararta== h8wuerwumpnmn06c4346ivssjyq0e68 819973 819972 2026-04-09T22:38:43Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka == Manazararta== l0q45v0qm8wx2cyfutc328l22nfd2wo 819974 819973 2026-04-09T22:39:32Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su == Manazararta== p5j5sbzvbfh51gd5e2ajmo7wsue9sp2 819975 819974 2026-04-09T22:40:25Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai. == Manazararta== 5mpmvz7nxj72ssexcfsbo4vh3j1ta2e 819976 819975 2026-04-09T22:41:43Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an barta == Manazararta== 0o96fo3lxkjetuv3cc5xlcpzbn1uwtg 819977 819976 2026-04-09T22:43:03Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta == Manazararta== jgup342s684oyuh20gplmyduar9yrp5 819978 819977 2026-04-09T22:44:12Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali == Manazararta== iwm7kbbtpsedgv0p8ta7z5pvfiyfczw 819979 819978 2026-04-09T22:44:51Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na == Manazararta== q7w8e9vj93cio0lty5uuyc2bb581ikf 819980 819979 2026-04-09T22:45:57Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: == Manazararta== nenwdkc4cdm6bfixhshncmuv6dh8gwd 819981 819980 2026-04-09T22:47:11Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne''' == Manazararta== qe8ke1utykfpr9qst250xgwgxogshq5 819982 819981 2026-04-09T22:50:03Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi'''wakilinl L == Manazararta== c0er6vnci4nlgdm98e91tqwqem3xdlc 819983 819982 2026-04-09T22:51:22Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, L == Manazararta== bp0ijnomudff8ls6eker6nar6vb53bn 819985 819983 2026-04-09T22:53:02Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani == Manazararta== 0shgp93gvanhd0hkgaslgn95i5fm03a 819986 819985 2026-04-09T22:53:41Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu == Manazararta== 54d4wrwr61ri5xji1gv9tqob008jfqb 819987 819986 2026-04-09T22:54:22Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. == Manazararta== alonqs77zobbm5fcutoxqin73wbhgcj 819988 819987 2026-04-09T22:55:28Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, == Manazararta== f52cylcvp8a4qrrkuaptaiewxszl9fu 819990 819988 2026-04-09T22:56:33Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su == Manazararta== dpvj3ohxl00tv6k10q84pm190v0ysyi 819991 819990 2026-04-09T22:57:21Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819991 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar Shine == Manazararta== so4nwncodkqgdck58rqmeyv97gzgbg7 819993 819991 2026-04-09T22:58:31Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban == Manazararta== rii9fupuhw21rfb9xuhgj9ksvhoezm6 819994 819993 2026-04-09T22:59:18Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya == Manazararta== fl9rwhkch334gn0n3c1ya1458dkd0n0 819995 819994 2026-04-09T22:59:49Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama == Manazararta== n0d28qt8ctg23ifiqdz84htatzces12 819996 819995 2026-04-09T23:00:28Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan == Manazararta== 6umowflvtgxfrfhp8rkzj5pq0ihu2s6 819997 819996 2026-04-09T23:01:53Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu == Manazararta== 9vs8tzwig4sm5l085x5ite83ecsgtgh 819998 819997 2026-04-09T23:02:29Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai == Manazararta== 4ccl2rsdwfi42sxxmm3zl1qog3q29mb 819999 819998 2026-04-09T23:04:42Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 819999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. == Manazararta== 1z7ac32r0jec7iuwr2y0h2r7sh6o9zy 0 64540 819959 422762 2026-04-09T22:03:58Z Saad Nuhu 43323 sabon wallafa akan dan kwallon kafa na PSG 819959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Willian Pacho | full_name = Willian Joel Pacho Tenorio | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2001|10|16}} | birth_place = Quinindé, Ecuador | position = Mai tsaron baya (Centre-back) | currentclub = Paris Saint-Germain | clubnumber = | nationalteam1 = Ecuador }} [[Fayil:Paris Saint-Germain - Manchester City FC, 22 January 2025 (952) (Willian Pacho).jpg|thumb|Wilian]] '''Willian Joel Pacho Tenorio''' (an haife shi ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙasar Ecuador wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga ƙungiyar [[Paris Saint-Germain]] da kuma tawagar ƙasar Ecuador.<ref>{{cite web |title=Willian Pacho Profile |url=https://www.psg.fr |publisher=Paris Saint-Germain |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Willian Pacho a garin Quinindé da ke ƙasar Ecuador. Ya taso yana sha’awar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami, inda ya fara buga wasa a matakin matasa kafin ya shiga makarantar horas da ‘yan wasa ta Independiente del Valle.<ref>{{cite web |title=Willian Pacho Biography |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com |publisher=Transfermarkt |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙungiya == === Independiente del Valle === Pacho ya fara taka leda a babbar ƙungiyar [[Independiente del Valle]] a shekarar 2019. Ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen samun nasarori a gasar cikin gida da kuma ta nahiyar Kudancin Amurka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Independiente del Valle Squad |url=https://int.soccerway.com |publisher=Soccerway |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> === Royal Antwerp === A shekarar 2022, ya koma ƙungiyar [[Royal Antwerp F.C.]] ta ƙasar Belgium inda ya taka rawar gani a gasar Belgian Pro League.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pacho joins Royal Antwerp |url=https://www.royalantwerpfc.be |publisher=Royal Antwerp |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> === Eintracht Frankfurt === Bayan kakar wasa mai kyau a Belgium, Pacho ya koma [[Eintracht Frankfurt]] a shekarar 2023 domin buga gasar Bundesliga ta Jamus.<ref>{{cite news |title=Frankfurt sign Pacho |url=https://www.eintracht.de |publisher=Eintracht Frankfurt |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> === Paris Saint-Germain === A shekarar 2024, ya rattaba hannu da [[Paris Saint-Germain]] ta ƙasar Faransa, inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ‘yan bayan ƙungiyar.<ref>{{cite news |title=PSG sign Willian Pacho |url=https://www.psg.fr |publisher=Paris Saint-Germain |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙasa == Pacho ya fara wakiltar tawagar ƙasar Ecuador a matakin manya a shekarar 2023. Ya taka rawa a wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar [[FIFA World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ecuador National Team Squad |url=https://www.fifa.com |publisher=FIFA |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> == Salon Wasa == An san Pacho da ƙwarewa wajen tsaron gida, saurin motsi, da iya sarrafa ƙwallo daga baya. Yana daga cikin matasan ‘yan wasan baya masu tasowa a Turai.<ref>{{cite web |title=Player Analysis: Willian Pacho |url=https://www.bundesliga.com |publisher=Bundesliga |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2001 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Ecuadorian footballers]] [[Category:Paris Saint-Germain F.C. players]] [[Category:Eintracht Frankfurt players]] [[Category:Royal Antwerp F.C. players]] tsdvar0j1fm4ehvhvilyea4u5fagdcn 0 65189 819897 367162 2026-04-09T20:10:52Z Saad Nuhu 43323 sabon wallafa a kan dan kwallon kafa na psg 819897 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Illya Zabarnyi 2023.jpg|thumb|Illia Zabarnyi]] {{Infobox football biography | name = Illia Zabarnyi | image = | caption = | fullname = Illia Borysovych Zabarnyi | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2002|9|1}} | birth_place = Kyiv, Ukraine | position = Centre-back | currentclub = Paris Saint-Germain | clubnumber = 6 | youthyears1 = 2015–2019 | youthclubs1 = Dynamo Kyiv | years1 = 2019–2023 | clubs1 = Dynamo Kyiv | caps1 = 50 | goals1 = 1 | years2 = 2023–2025 | clubs2 = AFC Bournemouth | caps2 = 78 | goals2 = 1 | years3 = 2025– | clubs3 = Paris Saint-Germain | caps3 = 22 | goals3 = 1 | nationalyears1 = 2020– | nationalteam1 = Ukraine | nationalcaps1 = 57 | nationalgoals1 = 3 | club-update = 9 April 2026 | nationalteam-update = 9 April 2026 }} '''Illia Borysovych Zabarnyi''' (an haife shi 1 September 2002) dan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ukraine wanda ke buga matsayin [[Centre-back]] ga ƙungiyar [[Paris Saint-Germain]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta [[Ukraine national football team]]. == Early life and youth career == Zabarnyi ya fara horo a [[Dynamo Kyiv]] a shekarar 2015, inda ya ci gaba har zuwa 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Illia Zabarnyi - Player Profile |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illia_Zabarnyi |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> == Club career == === Dynamo Kyiv (2019–2023) === Zabarnyi ya fara buga manyan wasanni a [[Ukrainian Premier League]] a shekarar 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Illia Zabarnyi at Dynamo Kyiv |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illia_Zabarnyi |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> Ya buga fiye da 50 wasanni kafin ya koma ƙasashen waje. === AFC Bournemouth (2023–2025) === A 31 January 2023, Zabarnyi ya sanya hannu da [[AFC Bournemouth]] a [[Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Illia Zabarnyi Joins Bournemouth |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illia_Zabarnyi |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> Ya samu lambar yabo na Supporters’ Player of the Season a kakar 2023–24. === Paris Saint-Germain (2025– yanzu) === A Agusta 2025, ya koma [[Paris Saint-Germain]] tare da kwangilar shekaru biyar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Illia Zabarnyi Joins PSG |url=https://tribuna.com/en/news/2025-09-27-ilia-zabarnyi-very-happy-to-have-scored-my-first-goal-here/ |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> == Wasannin Kasa == Zabarnyi ya wakilci [[Ukraine national football team]] tun 2020, kuma ya kasance cikin tawagar [[UEFA Euro 2020]] da [[UEFA Euro 2024]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Illia Zabarnyi International Career |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illia_Zabarnyi |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> == Salon wasa == An san Zabarnyi da ƙarfi wajen tsare gida, gudu wajen kai ƙwallo, da hazaka wajen tafiyar da ƙwallo daga baya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Player Analysis |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/AFCBournemouth/comments/1l3tmbx/ |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> == Kebabtaccen rayuwar shi == An auri Angelina Zabarna a shekarar 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Illia Zabarnyi Personal Life |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illia_Zabarnyi |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == 92daowm3jjvygl73ijldseayl8rp0xy 819898 819897 2026-04-09T20:16:06Z Saad Nuhu 43323 819898 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Illya Zabarnyi 2023.jpg|thumb|Illia Zabarnyi]] {{Infobox football biography | name = Illia Zabarnyi | image = | caption = | fullname = Illia Borysovych Zabarnyi | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2002|9|1}} | birth_place = Kyiv, Ukraine | position = Centre-back | currentclub = Paris Saint-Germain | clubnumber = 6 | youthyears1 = 2015–2019 | youthclubs1 = Dynamo Kyiv | years1 = 2019–2023 | clubs1 = Dynamo Kyiv | caps1 = 50 | goals1 = 1 | years2 = 2023–2025 | clubs2 = AFC Bournemouth | caps2 = 78 | goals2 = 1 | years3 = 2025– | clubs3 = Paris Saint-Germain | caps3 = 22 | goals3 = 1 | nationalyears1 = 2020– | nationalteam1 = Ukraine | nationalcaps1 = 57 | nationalgoals1 = 3 | club-update = 9 April 2026 | nationalteam-update = 9 April 2026 }} '''Illia Borysovych Zabarnyi''' (an haife shi 1 September 2002) dan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ukraine wanda ke buga matsayin [[Centre-back]] ga ƙungiyar [[Paris Saint-Germain]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta [[Ukraine national football team]]. == Rayuwar shi ta Kuruciya == Zabarnyi ya fara horo a [[Dynamo Kyiv]] a shekarar 2015, inda ya ci gaba har zuwa 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Illia Zabarnyi - Player Profile |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illia_Zabarnyi |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> == Club career == === Dynamo Kyiv (2019–2023) === Zabarnyi ya fara buga manyan wasanni a [[Ukrainian Premier League]] a shekarar 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Illia Zabarnyi at Dynamo Kyiv |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illia_Zabarnyi |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> Ya buga fiye da 50 wasanni kafin ya koma ƙasashen waje. === AFC Bournemouth (2023–2025) === A 31 January 2023, Zabarnyi ya sanya hannu da [[AFC Bournemouth]] a [[Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Illia Zabarnyi Joins Bournemouth |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illia_Zabarnyi |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> Ya samu lambar yabo na Supporters’ Player of the Season a kakar 2023–24. === Paris Saint-Germain (2025– yanzu) === A Agusta 2025, ya koma [[Paris Saint-Germain]] tare da kwangilar shekaru biyar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Illia Zabarnyi Joins PSG |url=https://tribuna.com/en/news/2025-09-27-ilia-zabarnyi-very-happy-to-have-scored-my-first-goal-here/ |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> == Wasannin Kasa == Zabarnyi ya wakilci [[Ukraine national football team]] tun 2020, kuma ya kasance cikin tawagar [[UEFA Euro 2020]] da [[UEFA Euro 2024]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Illia Zabarnyi International Career |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illia_Zabarnyi |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> == Salon wasa == An san Zabarnyi da ƙarfi wajen tsare gida, gudu wajen kai ƙwallo, da hazaka wajen tafiyar da ƙwallo daga baya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Player Analysis |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/AFCBournemouth/comments/1l3tmbx/ |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> == Kebabtaccen rayuwar shi == An auri Angelina Zabarna a shekarar 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Illia Zabarnyi Personal Life |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illia_Zabarnyi |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == 63ftz9u1gpkddk60ljpkgtqt01pf5lp 0 67258 819890 360676 2026-04-09T18:22:54Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 819890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Bama Band kungiya'''<ref>https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p1516/charts-awards</ref>  ta kiɗa ta ƙasar Amurka wacce ta ƙunshi Lamar Morris (murya, guitar), Wayne "Animal" Turner (guitar), Clifford E. "Cowboy" Eddie Long (gitar na ƙarfe), Jerry McKinney (saxophone), Vernon Derrick (fiddle), Ray Barrickman (bass), Billy Earheart (keyboards) da William Claude Marshall (drums). Fiye da shekaru ashirin, Bama Band ita ce ƙungiyar goyon baya ga Hank Williams, Jr.  An zabi Bama Band sau biyu don Band of the Year ta Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Ƙasa. Sun kuma sami nasara a kan jadawalin ''Billboard'' Hot Country Singles a cikin 1980s tare da mutane kamar "Dallas," "Tijuana Sunrise" da "What Used to Be Crazy". Wani kundin da aka fitar a kan Compleat Records a 1985 wanda aka tsara a kan jadawalwa na Billboard Top Country Albums.<ref>https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p1516</ref> == Rubuce-rubuce == <references />{{Stub}} qq8u0lihc8qm7qtjj8yc502cuxkaccn 819891 819890 2026-04-09T18:23:45Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 Gyara 819891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Bama Band kungiya'''<ref>https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p1516/charts-awards</ref>  ta kiɗa ta ƙasar [[Amurka]] wacce ta ƙunshi Lamar Morris (murya, guitar), Wayne "Animal" Turner (guitar), Clifford E. "Cowboy" Eddie Long (gitar na ƙarfe), Jerry McKinney (saxophone), Vernon Derrick (fiddle), Ray Barrickman (bass), Billy Earheart (keyboards) da William Claude Marshall (drums). Fiye da shekaru ashirin, Bama Band ita ce ƙungiyar goyon baya ga Hank Williams, Jr.  An zabi Bama Band sau biyu don Band of the Year ta Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Ƙasa. Sun kuma sami nasara a kan jadawalin ''Billboard'' Hot Country Singles a cikin 1980s tare da mutane kamar "Dallas," "Tijuana Sunrise" da "What Used to Be Crazy". Wani kundin da aka fitar a kan Compleat Records a 1985 wanda aka tsara a kan jadawalwa na Billboard Top Country Albums.<ref>https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p1516</ref> == Rubuce-rubuce == <references />{{Stub}} sjr4w01uydfayjupr7kudhro3qrueh7 0 67485 819892 819416 2026-04-09T18:28:32Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 Gyara 819892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Arinn Dembo'''<ref>http://www.mobygames.com/game/windows/sword-of-the-stars/credits</ref> (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 1970) marubuci ne na [[Amurka]] a halin yanzu yana rayuwa da rubutu a Vancouver, British Columbia, [[Kanada]]. Dembo an fi saninta da aikinta tare da Vancouver-basedAyyukan Kerberos, inda ta kasance jagorar marubuciya kuma ta yi aiki a kan tarihin baya don ''Takobin Taurari'' jerin da ''Fort Zombie''.<ref>http://www.gamespot.com/pc/strategy/swordofthestarscollectorsedition/news.html?sid=6185240&tag=stitialclk%3Bgamespace</ref> == Rubuce-rubuce == <references />{{Stub}} 31hq1iiz6be1qryzyrnm73jq70zoyw5 0 68144 819894 651122 2026-04-09T18:34:34Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 819894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox person | name = Benson Sunday Agadaga | birth_place = Bayelsa | nationality = Nigeria | occupation = * Dan siyasar [[Najeriya]] | notable_works = * Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman kan kafa gwamnati a gwamnatin Gwamna, Seriake Dickson. | party = People Democratic party }} '''Benson Sunday Agadaga''' [[ɗan siyasa]] [[Najeriya]] ne kuma sanata daga Gundumar Sanata ta Gabashin Bayelsa.<ref>https://sunnewsonline.com/nass-results-diris-men-sweep-apc-away-in-bayelsa/</ref> == Ayyukan siyasa == Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman kan kafawa a cikin gwamnatin Gwamna, [[Henry Dickson|Seriake Dickson]] na Jihar Bayelsa. cikin shekarar 2019, ya bayyana niyyarsa ta tsaya takarar gwamna na Jihar Bayelsa amma daga baya ya bar burinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/news/ex-president-jonathans-kinsman-agadaga-joins-bayelsa-governorship-race/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-01-30 |archive-date=2023-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505065335/https://guardian.ng/news/ex-president-jonathans-kinsman-agadaga-joins-bayelsa-governorship-race/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> nada Agadaga a matsayin shugaban ma'aikata<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/south-south-regional/378283-bayelsa-gov-appoints-ssg-chief-of-staff-others.html?tztc=1</ref> ga gwamnan Jihar Bayelsa, [[Douye Diri]] a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 2020 kuma ya yi aiki har zuwa 2022 lokacin da ya yi murabus daga nadin sa don tsayawa takarar kujerar Sanata ta Gabashin Bayelsa. lashe zaɓen jam'iyyar [[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]], PDP tare da kuri'u 67 inda ya doke Rex Jude Ogbuku wanda ya samu kuri'u 41 da Nyenami Odual wanda ya samu zabe biyu kawai.<ref>https://tribuneonlineng.com/pdp-primaries-dickson-agadaga-get-bayelsa-west-east-senatorial-tickets/</ref> A cikin zaɓen Majalisar Dattijai na 25 ga Fabrairun shekarar 2023, Agadaga ya yi ƙuri'a 22,517 ya kayar da Sanata Fremieyo Degi na All-Progressives Congress, APC.<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/south-south-regional/586105-pdp-wins-all-senatorial-seats-in-bayelsa.html</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 7vmauutlf35mnkgjoptnw6f24376xp4 3 89210 820084 640054 2026-04-10T11:32:44Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* Ƙirƙirat muƙalu marasa ma'ana */ sabon sashe 820084 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, ADAMU JOUDO! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/ADAMU JOUDO|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 16 Disamba 2024 (UTC) == Shawarar goge shafi [[Makaman nukiliya reactor]] == Assalam @[[User:Adamu mc|Adamu mc]], Za'a goge wannan shafi [[Makaman nukiliya reactor]] saboda bata da ma'ana kuma bata karantuwa. Bissalam. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 20:49, 20 ga Janairu, 2025 (UTC) :Ku rika kokari kuna gyara shafuka masu saukin fassara ko kuma wadanda kuke da zurfin fahimta a kai. Wannan mukala tana da manyan turanci wanda sai mutum yana da zurfin ilimi a kan kimiyya da fassarar manyan kalmomi kafin ya iya fassara ta yadda za'a fahimta. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 20:51, 20 ga Janairu, 2025 (UTC) :Ok badamuwa a goge [[User:Adamu mc|Adamu mc]] ([[User talk:Adamu mc|talk]]) 20:51, 20 ga Janairu, 2025 (UTC) == Neman Goyon baya (Support) a zaben UC4C == Assalam @[[User:Adamu mc|Adamu mc]] Ina neman goyon bayanka (support) son zama daya daga cikin mambobin UC4C a zaben Kwamitin UC4C na 2025. Ka zabi (support) wa Uncle Bash007 a wannan shafin na zabe: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/403 [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 06:26, 16 ga Yuni, 2025 (UTC) :Ok zan  dongala ma insha'allah bash [[User:Adamu mc|Adamu mc]] ([[User talk:Adamu mc|talk]]) 06:44, 16 ga Yuni, 2025 (UTC) :Na dongola [[User:Adamu mc|Adamu mc]] ([[User talk:Adamu mc|talk]]) 06:46, 16 ga Yuni, 2025 (UTC) == Ƙirƙirat muƙalu marasa ma'ana == Barka, ina son jan hankalin ka game da muƙaloli marasa ma'ana da kake ƙirƙira, na goge guda biyu a bisa rashin cancanta da ma'anarsu, musamman ganin fassarar bai yi daidai dana asalin muƙalun ba. Dafatan zaka gyara ka fara rubutu mai inganci. [[User:Em-mustapha|<span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp><b><u>Em-mustapha</u></b></samp></span>]] ^{<samp><u>[[User talk:Em-mustapha|'''talk''']]</u></samp>} 11:32, 10 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) e102uk8450pbwtvlr53wi256i9144o7 0 107924 820066 673346 2026-04-10T09:08:23Z BnHamid 12586 820066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Environmental Trust kungiya ce mai zaman kanta a jihar New South Wales (NSW) ta Australiya wacce babban aikinta shine a matsayin hukumar tallafawa ayyukan da ke da niyyar inganta yanayin jihar. An kafa Amincewa ta ''[http://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/maintop/view/inforce/act+82+1998+cd+0+N Dokar Amincewa ta Muhalli ta 1998]'' tare da abubuwa: * Inganta ayyukan sabuntawa da farfadowa a cikin bangarorin jama'a da masu zaman kansu wanda zai, ko kuma zai iya, rage gurɓataccen yanayi, kwararar sharar gida ko lalacewar muhalli. * Inganta bincike kan matsalolin muhalli a bangarorin jama'a da masu zaman kansu; * Inganta ayyukan ilimin muhalli a bangarorin jama'a da masu zaman kansu, da kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da batutuwan muhalli; da * Gudanar da kudade don sayen ƙasa don wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa. Ofishin Muhalli da Tarihi ne ke gudanar da Amincewa, a cikin Ma'aikatar Firayim Minista da Ma'aikatu. Hakanan ana amfani da kuɗin da ke cikin Trust don dalilai na Dokar Sake Tsarin Gandun daji da Tsarin Tsarin Halitta na 1995, wanda aka gyara sau da yawa kuma a halin yanzu yana ba da kuɗin kashe yankin Riverina har zuwa iyakar $45,813,000 har zuwa 30 ga Yuni 2015. Amincewa ta kunshi mambobi biyar masu zuwa: # Ministan Muhalli, wanda shine Shugaban # Sakataren Baitulmalin New South Wales # Darakta Janar na Ma'aikatar Firayim Minista da Ma'aikatu (wanda aka ba da izini ga Babban Darakta na Ofishin Muhalli da Tarihi) # mutum daya da Ministan ya nada daga kwamitin mutane uku da [[Nature Conservation Council of NSW|Majalisar Kare Yanayi]] ta zaba # mutum daya da Ministan ya nada daga kwamitin mutane uku da [[Local Government and Shires Associations|Ƙananan Hukumomi da Ƙungiyoyin Shires]] suka zaba ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyi ]] 782d9o487vmolv425ncu60u5hedpam5 0 108073 820020 674074 2026-04-10T08:38:13Z BnHamid 12586 820020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yarjejeniyar [[Amurka]] kan 'Yancin Dan Adam''' (ACHR), anda aka fi sani da '''Yarjejeniyar [[Costa Rica]]">San Jose''' ko kuma sunan Mutanen Espanya da aka yi amfani da shi a mafi yawan kasashe masu sanya hannu, Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos, kayan aiki ne na kasa da kasa na 'yancin dan adam.Kasashe da yawa a Amurka sun karbe shi a San José, Costa Rica, a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba 1969. Ya fara aiki ne bayan an sanya kayan aiki na goma sha ɗaya na tabbatarwa (na [[Grenada]]) a ranar 18 ga Yuli 1978. Hukumomin da ke da alhakin kula da bin yarjejeniyar su ne Hukumar Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta Inter-Amurka da Kotun Kare Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta Inter-Amurka, dukkansu sassan Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Amirka (OAS). == Abun ciki da manufar == Bisa ga jigon ta, manufar Yarjejeniyar ita ce "dole a cikin wannan yanki, a cikin tsarin cibiyoyin dimokiradiyya, tsarin 'yancin kai da adalci na zamantakewa bisa mutunta muhimman hakkokin dan Adam".<ref name="ACHR">{{Cite web |title=American Convention on Human Rights, "Pact of San José, Costa Rica" (B-32) |url=https://www.oas.org/dil/treaties_b-32_american_convention_on_human_rights.pdf |access-date=19 July 2024 |website=Organization of American States}}</ref> Babi na 1 ya tabbatar da wajibcin da ya rataya a wuyan jam’iyyun jahohi na kiyaye haƙƙin da aka gindaya a cikin yarjejeniyar ga duk mutanen da ke ƙarƙashin ikonsu, da kuma daidaita dokokinsu na cikin gida don daidaita su da yarjejeniyar. Shafukan 23 na Babi na II sun ba da jerin sunayen haƙƙin ɗan adam da na siyasa na kowane mutum, gami da haƙƙin rayuwa “gaba ɗaya, tun daga lokacin da aka ɗaukaka” ga kulawa ta ɗan adam, ga shari'a mai kyau, ga sirri, ga' 'yancin lamiri, [[Yancin taro|'yancin taro]],' [['Yanci na motsi|'yancin motsi]], da dai sauransu. Mataki na 13 ya haramta "kowane farfaganda don yaƙi da duk wani goyon bayan kasa, launin fata, ko ƙiyayya ta addini wanda ya zama mai laifi ga kowane irin wannan mataki ga kowane mutum a kan kowane dalili ciki harshe". An kafa wannan tanadin ne a ƙarƙashin tasirin Mataki na 20 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa ta 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa. Labari guda ɗaya a Babi na III yana magana ne game da haƙƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, da al'adu. An faɗaɗa ɗan gajeren maganin da aka ba wannan fitowar a nan bayan shekaru goma tare da '''Yarjejeniyar San Salvador''' (duba ƙasa). Babi na IV ya bayyana waɗancan yanayin da za a iya dakatar da wasu haƙƙoƙi na ɗan lokaci, kamar a lokacin yanayi na gaggawa, da ka'idojin da za a bi don wannan dakatarwar ta kasance mai inganci. Duk da haka, ba ta ba da izinin dakatar da Mataki na 3 (haƙƙin mutum na shari'a), Mataki na 4 (haƙƙin rayuwa), Mataki na 5 (haƙƙin kula da mutuntaka), Mataki na 6 ('yanci daga bautar), Mataki na 9 ('yanci daga dokokin da suka gabata na baya-bayan nan), Mataki na 12 ('yanci na lamiri da addini), Mataki na 17 (haƙƙin iyali), Mataki na ashirin da 18), haƙƙin sunan (haƙƙin ɗan'adam), Mataki na 18), haƙƙin suna (haƙƙin ɗan adam) 18. kasa), Mataki na ashirin da 22 (haƙƙin mafaka da rashin sakewa) ko Mataki na ashirin da uku (yancin shiga cikin gwamnati). Babi na V, tare da nuna ma'auni tsakanin hakkoki da ayyuka da aka tanadar a cikin sanarwar farko ta Amurka game da Hakkoki da Ayyukan Dan Adam, ya nuna cewa daidaikun mutane suna da nauyi da hakki. Babi na VI, VII, VIII, da IX sun ƙunshi tanadi don ƙirƙira da aiki na ƙungiyoyin biyu da ke da alhakin kula da bin Yarjejeniyar: Hukumar Inter-American, mai tushe a Washington, D.C., Amurka, da Kotun Inter-American, mai hedikwata a San José, Costa Rica. Babi na X yana magana ne game da hanyoyin tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar, gyara shi ko sanya ajiya a ciki, ko kuma hukunta shi. An tsara tanadi daban-daban na wucin gadi a Babi na XI. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, jihohin da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar Amurka sun kara tanadinta da ƙarin ladabi guda biyu. Na farko, ƙarin yarjejeniya ga Yarjejeniyar Amurka akan Haƙƙin ɗan Adam a fannin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, da yancin al'adu (wanda aka fi sani da "Protocol of San Salvador"), an buɗe shi don sanya hannu a cikin birnin San Salvador, El Salvador, a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1988. Ya wakilci ƙoƙarin ɗaukar tsakanin Amurkawa ta hanyar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam zuwa matakin na biyu - wanda ake kira tsarin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam na biyu. fannin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, da al'adu. Kundin tsarin ya kunshi bangarori kamar yancin yin aiki, hakkin kiwon lafiya, hakkin abinci, da yancin ilimi. Ya fara aiki a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 1999 kuma kasashe 16 ne suka amince da shi (duba ƙasa).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Multilateral Treaties - Department of International Law - OAS |url=http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/sigs/a-52.html |access-date=2019-06-27 |website=www.oas.org}}</ref> Na biyu, Yarjejeniyar Yarjejeniyar Amurka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam don kawar da hukuncin kisa, an karbe ta a Asunción, [[Paraguay]], a ranar 8 ga Yuni 1990. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff writer |year=2024 |title=Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights to Abolish the Death Penalty |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100025196 |url-access= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=18 January 2025 |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |format= |via= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |quote= |trans-quote= |ref= |postscript= |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online}}</ref> Duk da yake Mataki na 4 na Yarjejeniyar Amurka ya riga ya sanya takunkumi mai tsanani a kan ikon jihohin na sanya hukuncin kisa - wanda ya dace kawai ga manyan laifuka; babu sake dawowa da zarar an soke shi; kada a yi amfani da shi don laifukan siyasa ko laifuka na yau da kullun; kada a amfani da shi ga waɗanda suka kai shekara 18 ko sama da 70, ko kuma mata masu juna biyu - sanya hannu kan wannan yarjejeniyar ta tabbatar da alkawura mai tsanani na jihar don kauce wa yin amfani da hukuncin kisa a kowane yanayi na zaman lafiya.<ref name="ACHR">{{Cite web |title=American Convention on Human Rights, "Pact of San José, Costa Rica" (B-32) |url=https://www.oas.org/dil/treaties_b-32_american_convention_on_human_rights.pdf |access-date=19 July 2024 |website=Organization of American States}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.oas.org/dil/treaties_b-32_american_convention_on_human_rights.pdf "American Convention on Human Rights, "Pact of San José, Costa Rica" (B-32)"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Organization of American States''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Har zuwa yau kasashe 13 ne suka tabbatar da shi (duba ƙasa). <ref>{{Cite web |title=:: Multilateral Treaties > Department of International Law > OAS :: |url=http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/Sigs/a-53.html |access-date=2019-06-27 |website=www.oas.org}}</ref> === Fassarar Kotun Amurka === Kotun Inter-American ta yi fa'ida mai fa'ida game da Yarjejeniyar Amurka. Yana fassara shi bisa ga ƙa'idar pro homine, cikin yanayin haɓakawa da yin amfani da wasu yarjejeniyoyin da doka mai laushi. Sakamakon shine, a aikace, Kotun Inter-Amurka ta canza abun cikin Yarjejeniyar Amurka. == Tabbatar da shi == [[Fayil:AmericanConventiononHumanRights-map.svg|right|thumb|300x300px|     {{legend|#00ff00|Ratified ACHR only}}{{legend|#0000ff|Ratified ACHR and 1st Protocol}}{{legend|#ffff00|Ratified ACHR and 2nd Protocol}}{{legend|#ff0000|Ratified ACHR and both Protocols}}{{legend|#800080|Denounced the ACHR}}]] Ya zuwa shekarar 2020, kasashe 25 daga cikin 35 na OAS sun amince da yarjejeniyar, yayin da biyu suka yi fatali da shi daga baya, kuma daya daga cikin biyun ya sake amincewa da shi, wanda ya bar jam'iyyu 24 masu aiki: <ref>{{Cite web |title=American Convention on Human Rights "Pact of San Jose, Costa Rica" – Signatories and Ratifications |url=http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/sigs/b-32.html |website=www.oas.org}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Kasar !Ranar tabbatarwa !1st ƙarin yarjejeniya !Ƙarin Yarjejeniya game da Hukuncin Mutuwa !Bayyanawa |- |[[Argentina]] |14 ga watan Agusta 1984 |30 Yuni 2003 |18 Yuni 2008 | |- |[[Barbados]] |5 ga Disamba 1981 | | | |- |[[Bolibiya|Bolivia]] |20 Yuni 1979 |12 ga Yuli 2006 | | |- |[[Brazil]] |9 ga Yulin 1992 |8 ga watan Agusta 1996 |31 ga Yulin 1996 | |- |[[Chile]] |8 ga watan Agusta 1990 | |4 ga watan Agusta 2008 | |- |[[Kolombiya|Colombia]] |28 ga Mayu 1973 |10 ga Oktoba 1997 | | |- |[[Costa Rica]] |2 ga Maris 1970 |9 ga Satumba 1999 |30 Maris 1998 | |- |[[Dominika|Dominica]] |3 Yuni 1993 | | | |- |[[Jamhuriyar Dominika|Jamhuriyar Dominica]] |21 ga Janairu 1978 | |27 Janairu 2011 | |- |[[Ecuador]] |8 ga Disamba 1997 |2 ga Fabrairu 1993 |5 ga Fabrairu 1998 | |- |[[Salvador|El Salvador]] |20 Yuni 1978 |4 ga Mayu 1995 | | |- |[[Grenada]] |14 ga Yuli 1978 | | | |- |[[Guatemala (ƙasa)|Guatemala]] |27 ga Afrilu 1978 |30 ga Mayu 2000 | | |- |[[Haiti]] |14 Satumba 1977 | | | |- |[[Honduras]] |5 ga Satumba 1977 |14 Satumba 2011 |10 Nuwamba 2011 | |- |[[Jamaika|Jamaica]] |19 ga Yulin 1978 | | | |- |[[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]] |2 Maris 1981 |8 Maris 1996 |28 Yuni 2007 | |- |[[Nicaragua]] |25 ga Satumba 1979 |15 ga Disamba 2009 |24 Maris 1999 | |- |[[Panama (ƙasa)|Panama]] |8 ga Mayu 1978 |28 ga Oktoba 1992 |27 Yuni 1991 | |- |[[Paraguay]] |18 ga watan Agusta 1989 |28 ga Mayu 1997 |31 ga Oktoba 2000 | |- |[[Peru]] |12 ga Yuli 1978 |17 ga Mayu 1995 | | |- |[[Suriname]] |12 Disamba 1987 |28 Fabrairu 1990 | | |- |[[Trinidad da Tobago]] |4 ga Afrilu 1991 | | |26 ga Mayu 1998 |- |[[Uruguay]] |26 Maris 1985 |21 ga Disamba 1995 |8 ga Fabrairu 1994 | |- |[[Venezuela]] |23 Yuni 1977, 31 Yuli 2019 | |24 ga watan Agusta 1992 |10 Satumba 2012 |} === Kanada === Yarjejeniyar a buɗe take ga duk ƙasashe membobin OAS, kodayake har yau Kanada ko ƙasashen Caribbean da dama na Ingilishi ba su amince da ita ba. Amurka ta rattaba hannu a kanta a shekarar 1977, amma ba ta ci gaba da amincewa ba, inda aka yi zaman karshe a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, 1979. <ref>{{Cite web |title=AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS |url=https://www.congress.gov/treaty-document/95th-congress/21/all-info#actions |access-date=July 19, 2024 |website=congress.gov}}</ref> Kanada ta yi la'akari da tabbatarwa sosai a wani lokaci, amma ta yanke shawara a kan shi, duk da cewa, bisa ka'ida, tana goyon bayan irin wannan yarjejeniya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=Senate of |title=Committees (44th Parliament, 1st Session) |url=https://sencanada.ca/en/content/sen/committee/372/huma/rep/rep04may03-e |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=SenCanada |language=en}}</ref> ACHR, wanda yawancin al'ummomin Roman Katolika na Latin Amurka ne suka tsara shi, ya ƙunshi tanadin rigakafin zubar da ciki, musamman, Mataki na 4.1: {{Cquote|Kowane mutum na da hakkin a mutunta rayuwarsa. Wannan haƙƙin doka ta kiyaye shi kuma, a gaba ɗaya, daga lokacin da aka ɗauka. Ba wanda za a tauye rayuwarsa ba bisa ka’ida ba.<ref>To understand the breadth of this statement see [https://ssrn.com/abstract=1776922 Controversial Conceptions: The Unborn in the American Convention on Human Rights]</ref>}} Wannan ya sabawa doka ta yanzu ta zubar da ciki a Kanada. Kodayake Kanada na iya tabbatar da yarjejeniyar tare da ajiya game da zubar da ciki (kamar yadda Mexico ta yi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Basic Documents – Ratifications of the Convention |url=http://www.cidh.org/Basicos/English/Basic4.Amer.Conv.Ratif.htm |access-date=2019-06-27 |website=www.cidh.org}}</ref>),wanda hakan zai sabawa adawar da Kanada ta bayyana na yin watsi da yarjejeniyoyin kare hakkin dan adam. Wata mafita kuma ita ce sauran jihohin su cire dokar hana zubar da ciki, amma hakan ba zai yiwu ba saboda tsananin adawa da zubar da ciki a kasashen. == Tsarin zargi == Sashe na 78 na yarjejeniyar ya nuna cewa majalisun dokoki sun amince da haramtacciyar haramtacciya / janyewa na shekaru biyar; a cikin shekaru biyar na farko bayan shigar da yarjejeniyar idan sun nemi yin korafi daga yarjejeniyar. <blockquote>Bisa ga labarin 78 na Yarjejeniyar Amurka akan Haƙƙin Dan Adam: Ƙungiyoyin Jihohi na iya yin Allah wadai da wannan Yarjejeniyar a ƙarshen wa'adin shekaru biyar daga ranar da aka fara aiki da kuma ta hanyar sanarwar da aka bayar a shekara guda gaba.</blockquote>Yarjejeniyar ta doka ta kuma tanadi a karkashin sashin da ya gabata cewa duk wani yunƙuri na yin Allah wadai da shi dole ne a aika da shi zuwa ga Sakatare Janar na OAS wanda zai sanar da sauran ƙasashe membobin OAS, a lokacin ne majalisar wakilai ta ƙasa ta jira lokacin faɗuwar rana ta shekara ɗaya na wajibi na doka har yanzu a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar.<blockquote>Sanarwa na tozartawa za a aika zuwa ga Sakatare Janar na Kungiyar, wanda zai sanar da sauran Jam'iyyun Jihohi.</blockquote>Bugu da ari, wannan labarin ya haramta ƙarƙashin sashe na 78 duk wani ikon yin watsi da ikirarin take haƙƙin ɗan adam na kowane lokaci kafin wannan lokacin faɗuwar rana na shekara guda.<blockquote>Irin wannan zargi ba zai yi tasiri na sakin Jam'iyyar Jiha da abin ya shafa daga wajibcin da ke cikin wannan Yarjejeniyar ba dangane da duk wani aiki da zai iya zama saba wa wajibai da kuma wanda wannan jihar ta dauka kafin ranar da za ta fara aiki.</blockquote> === Yunkurin zargi === Trinidad da Tobago sun yi tir da Yarjejeniyar a ranar 26 ga Mayu 1998 (wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 26 ta Mayu 1999) kan batun hukuncin kisa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Notice to Denounce the American Convention on Human Rights |url=https://www.oas.org/dil/treaties_B-32_American_Convention_on_Human_Rights_sign.htm#Trinidad%20and%20Tobago |access-date=6 January 2013}}</ref> Venezuela ta yi tir da Yarjejeniyar a ranar 10 ga Satumba 2012 tana zargin Kotun Inter-American da Hukumar da ta lalata kwanciyar hankali ta Gwamnatinta ta hanyar tsoma baki cikin harkokin cikin gida. An toshe gyare-gyaren da ake bukata na ma'aikatar. Saboda haka, daga nan gaba za ta kara hadin gwiwa tare da Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Zargin, bisa ga Mataki na 78 na ACHR, ya zama mai tasiri shekara guda bayan an ayyana shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=OAS |date=2009-08-01 |title=OAS - Organization of American States: Democracy for peace, security, and development |url=https://www.oas.org/en/iachr/media_center/preleases/2013/064.asp |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=www.oas.org |language=en}}</ref> Ba sa sakin jam'iyyar jihar daga wajibai da suka haifar da ayyukan da suka faru kafin ranar da aka yi zargin. A cikin 2019, Venezuela (Juan Guaidó) ta sake tabbatar da taron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=:: Multilateral Treaties > Department of International Law > OAS :: |url=http://www.oas.org/dil/treaties_B-32_American_Convention_on_Human_Rights_sign.htm |website=www.oas.org}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|'Yancin Dan Adam]] ** [[Hakkin jarirai|Hakkin tayin]] ** [[Haƙƙoƙin Mata|'Yancin mata]] ** [[Dokar 'yancin dan adam ta kasa da kasa]] * Sanarwar Amurka game da 'Yancin Mutum da Ayyukan Mutum * Hukumar Kasa da Kasa da ke yaki da hukuncin kisa (ICDP) == Bayani == kd5con0nip9l6dgonyxac4yet7ehxba 0 108481 820045 677114 2026-04-10T08:56:17Z BnHamid 12586 820045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Girnar_Jain_temple_-_Dharamchand_Hemchand_temple_(1).jpg|thumb|Haikali na Jain da ke cikin tsaunukan Girnar]] '''Yanayi a [[Gujarat]]''' ya ƙunshi yanayi daban-daban.{{Convert|12|°C|°F}} Filayen [[Gujarat]] suna da zafi sosai kuma suna da [[danshi]] a lokacin rani kuma suna da sanyi kuma sun bushe a lokacin sanyi. Lokacin bazara ya fi sauƙi a yankunan tsaunuka da bakin teku. Matsakaicin zafin rana a lokacin hunturu yana kusa da {{Convert|29|°C|°F}} ° C (84 ° F) kuma a cikin dare yana kusa da 12 ° C (54 ° F). A lokacin bazara, zafin rana yana kusa da {{Convert|49|°C|°F}} ° C (120 ° F) kuma da dare ba ƙasa da {{Convert|30|°C|°F}} ° C (86 ° F). Lokacin damina yana daga Yuni zuwa Satumba.  Yawancin Gujarat suna samun ƙarancin ruwan sama.  Kudancin Gujarat da yankunan tuddai suna samun ruwan sama mai yawa a lokacin damina tare da zafi mai yawa wanda ke sa iska ta ji zafi.  Akwai kwanciyar hankali lokacin da damina ta fara (wajen tsakiyar watan Yuni).  Ana rage zafin rana amma zafi yana da girma sosai kuma dare yana kusa da 27 °C (81 °F).  Yawancin ruwan sama na faruwa a wannan lokacin, kuma ruwan sama na iya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa mai tsanani.  Ana yawan rufe rana a lokacin damina.  Ko da yake galibi ya bushe, yana da hamada a arewa maso yamma, kuma yana jika a gundumomin kudanci saboda tsananin damina. Gujarat, wanda ke kan iyakar yammacin Indiya, yana da tasiri daga guguwa mai zafi wanda ya samo asali mafi yawa a cikin Tekun Larabawa. Akwai kyakkyawan yanayi a cikin mitar da tsananin aikin guguwa tsakanin 2001 da 2019. == Bayanan yanayi == {{Weather box}} nmf90fs2kxb5qa74tcpllyn47v2ktg2 0 108550 820046 677428 2026-04-10T08:57:37Z BnHamid 12586 820046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Moncks Corner wani gari ne a cikin kuma kujerar gundumar Berkeley County, South Carolina, Amurka . <ref name="GR6">{{Cite web |title=Find a County |url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=June 7, 2011 |publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref> Yawan jama'a ya kai 7,885 a ƙidayar 2010. <ref name="Census 2010">{{Cite web |title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Moncks Corner town, South Carolina |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US4547275 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212200102/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US4547275 |archive-date=February 12, 2020 |access-date=April 4, 2014 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder}}</ref> Kamar yadda Ofishin Ƙididdigar Amurka ya bayyana, an haɗa Moncks Corner a cikin Charleston-North Charleston, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. == Tarihi == An zaunar da ƴan asalin ƙasar tsawon dubban shekaru, yankin Moncks Corner ya kasance mutanen Edistow mai tarihi, ƙabilar Cusabo ne suka mamaye. Rukunin sa daban-daban sun raba yare daban-daban da na manyan iyalai na harshe a cikin jihar ta yau: Algonquian, Siouan, da Iroquoian, gami da Cherokee. Ko da yake yanzu bacewa a matsayin kabila, Etiwan, Edisto, Cherokee, da zuriyar Catawba sun ƙunshi iyalai takwas na Wassamasaw Tribe na Varnertown Indiya, al'umma da ke tsakanin Moncks Corner da Summerville. Kabilar mai membobi 1,500 jihar ta amince da su a matsayin kabilar Indiya a cikin 2009. A lokacin mulkin mallaka, Moncks Corner ya zama babban yanki na Huguenots na Protestant na Faransa, waɗanda suka zo Kudancin Carolina tsakanin 1684 da 1688 a matsayin 'yan gudun hijira saboda tsanantawar addini a Faransa. Yawancin sunayen dangi a Berkeley da yankunan da ke kusa da su sun fito ne daga asalin Faransa. Ba da daɗewa ba Huguenots suka fara yin aure tare da masu mulkin mallaka na Ingila. Yaƙin Monck's Corner ya samo asali ne daga shekara ta 1728 kuma an sanya masa suna ne don mai mallakar ƙasa Thomas Monck, mai bautar da ya yi wa bayinsa da suka tsere a kirjinsa da sunansa "T Monck. " Garin ya fara ne a matsayin wurin Kasuwanci tare da wasu gidajen cin abinci da shagunan. An yi yakin Monck's Corner a nan a cikin 1780, wanda ke da alaƙa da Siege na Charleston . [[Fayil:Street_view_Monck's_Corner_South_Carolina_1904.jpg|left|thumb|210x210px|Hoton titin Moncks Corner, 1904]] Hanyar jirgin kasa ta Arewa maso gabas, wacce ke gudana tsakanin Charleston, South Carolina, da Siler City, North Carolina, ta shimfiɗa waƙoƙinta a 1856, kuma tashar jirgin ƙasa ta zama cibiyar sabon garin Moncks Corner. An yi hayar garin Moncks Corner a ranar 26 ga Disamba, 1885, kuma an kafa shi a ranar 15 ga Disamba. An ba Moncks Corner alamar kasuwanci "Babban birnin Santee Cooper Country" ta Sakataren Gwamnatin Kudancin Carolina Satumba 9, 1999, da kuma Oktoba 21, 2004. Alamar kasuwanci alama ce ta yawan ayyukanta na waje, kamar hawan doki, tafiya, wasanni na ruwa, jirgin ruwa da kamun kifi.  Moncks Corner kuma shine gidan hadadden ofishi na Santee Cooper. Ruins na Ikilisiyar Biggin, Gundumar Tarihin Kogin Cooper, Lewisfield Plantation, Mulberry Plantation, Santee Canal, da Strawberry Chapel da Childsbury Town Site an jera su a cikin National Register of Historic Places . == Yanayin ƙasa == Moncks Corner yana kusa da tsakiyar Berkeley County a 33°12′N 80°0′W / 33.200°N 80.000°W / 33.-200; -80.000 (33.1966, -80.0067). <ref name="GR1">{{Cite web |date=February 12, 2011 |title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990 |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html |access-date=April 23, 2011 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> Yankin ya kai gabas zuwa Yammacin Yammacin Kogin Cooper, kilomita 3 (kilomita 5) kudu da tashar Lake Moultrie. US 52 ita ce babbar hanyar da ta ratsa garin, tana jagorantar kudu {{Convert|32|mi}} zuwa Charleston da arewa {{Convert|80|mi}} zuwa Florence. US 17 Alt kuma yana wucewa ta garin, yana jagorantar gabas mai nisan kilomita 49 (kilomita 79) zuwa Georgetown da kudu maso yamma mai nisan mil 26 (kilominta 26) zuwa Summerville. SC 6 tana jagorantar arewa maso yamma daga Moncks Corner tare da kudanci da yammacin Lakes Moultrie da Marion {{Convert|39|mi}} zuwa I-95 a Santee. A cewar , Moncks Corner yana da jimlar yanki na murabba'in kilomita 7.4 (19. ), wanda murabba'i kilomita 7.3 (18.9 km) ƙasa ne kuma murabba'insa kilomita 0.12 (0.3 km2), ko 1.81%, ruwa ne.<ref name="Census 2010">{{Cite web |title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Moncks Corner town, South Carolina |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US4547275 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212200102/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US4547275 |archive-date=February 12, 2020 |access-date=April 4, 2014 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder}}</ref> == Yanayi == Moncks Corner yanayi ne mai zafi (Cfa) bisa ga tsarin rarraba yanayi na Köppen. Ya yi kama da Charleston game da yanayin da aka ambata, wanda Moncks Corner yanki ne na kewayen. Koyaya, saboda nisan daga bakin tekun idan aka kwatanta da Charleston, yana da zafi sosai a lokacin rani. {{Weather box}} {{US Census population|1890=118|1900=202|1910=232|1920=309|1930=623|1940=1165|1950=1818|1960=2030|1970=2314|1980=4179|1990=5607|2000=5952|2010=7885|2020=13297}} {| class="wikitable" |+Moncks Tsarin launin fata na kusurwa <ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4547275&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |access-date=December 15, 2021 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> !Tseren !Num. !Fitar da shi |- |Fararen fata (ba na Hispanic ba) |7,297 |54.88% |- |Baƙar fata ko Baƙar fata Baƙar fata (ba na Hispanic ba) |4,397 |33.07% |- |'Yan asalin Amurka |59 |0.44% |- |Asiya |169 |1.27% |- |Mutumin tsibirin Pacific |10 |0.08% |- |Sauran / Haɗe |634 |4.77% |- |Hispanic ko Latino |731 |5.5% |} Ya zuwa Ƙididdigar Amurka ta 2020, akwai mutane 13,297, gidaje 3,774, da iyalai 2,796 da ke zaune a garin. === Ƙididdigar shekara ta 2000 === Ya zuwa ƙidayar jama'a _4-1" rf">[./Moncks_Corner,_South_Carolina#cite_note-GR2-4 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>] na 2000, akwai mutane 5,952, gidaje 2,103, da iyalai 1,491 da ke zaune a garin. Yawan jama'a ya kasance mazauna 1,333.1 a kowace murabba'in mil (514.7/km2). Akwai gidaje 2,334 a matsakaicin matsakaicin 522.8 a kowace murabba'in mil (201.9/km2). Tsarin launin fata na garin ya kasance 57.33% fari, 36.59% Ba'amurke, 0.64% 'Yan asalin Amurka, 0.55% Asiya, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 2.97% daga wasu kabilu, da 1.86% daga kabilu biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowane kabila sun kasance 4.20% na yawan jama'a. Akwai gidaje 2,103, daga cikinsu kashi 40.6% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 da ke zaune tare da su, kashi 43.6% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 23.1% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 29.1% kuma ba iyali ba ne.  Kashi 25.6% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance mutane ne, kuma kashi 9.6% na da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka.  Matsakaicin girman gida shine 2.61 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 3.09. A cikin garin, yawan jama'a ya bazu, tare da 28.9% a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, 10.5% daga 18 zuwa 24, 30.0% daga 25 zuwa 44, 18.1% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 12.5% waɗanda suka kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 32. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 87.5. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 da sama da haka, akwai maza 81.8. Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na gida a cikin garin shine $31,711, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na dangi shine $37,335.  Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $30,634 sabanin $21,796 na mata.  Kudin shiga kowane mutum na garin shine $15,202.  Kusan 16.5% na iyalai da 17.6% na yawan jama'a sun kasance ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da 26.6% na waɗanda ke ƙasa da shekaru 18 da 11.7% na waɗanda shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. == Ilimi == Moncks Corner yana da ɗakin karatu na jama'a, reshe na Berkeley County Library System . <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Carolina libraries and archives |url=https://www.sciway.net/lib/counties.html |access-date=June 7, 2019 |publisher=SCIWAY}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sa7ls5ve6hyz9t4gyzpanmnyn0n8uqi 0 109315 820019 682892 2026-04-10T08:37:51Z BnHamid 12586 +Databox 820019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Paraná_River_Floodplain.jpg|thumb|350x350px|Kogin Paraná, a inda ya haɗu da kogin Paranaíba (a dama) da Kogin Verde, kusa da Panorama, Brazil]] [[Fayil:Floodislewight.jpg|right|thumb|Filin ambaliyar ruwa bayan ambaliyar shekara guda 10 a Tsibirin Wight]] [[Fayil:Alaska_Floodplain_1902.jpg|right|thumb|Ruwan ruwa na kogi mai dusar ƙanƙara kusa da Dutsen Snow a [[Alaska]], 1902]] [[Fayil:Laramie_River_floodplain_1949.jpg|right|thumb|Kogin Laramie ya ratsa ambaliyar ruwa a cikin Albany County, Wyoming, 1949]] [[Fayil:Animas_Valley_CO_1903.jpg|right|thumb|Wannan ambaliyar ruwa mai zurfi na karamin rafi mai laushi a cikin La Plata County, Colorado, an kafa shi ne ta hanyar yashi da aka ajiye a sama da madatsar ruwa da aka kafa ta hanyar moraine na ƙarshe da Wisconsin Glacier ya bari.]] [[Fayil:Flood_plain_7991.JPG|right|thumb|Shuke-shuke na bakin teku a kan ambaliyar Kogin Lynches, kusa da Johnsonville, South Carolina. Wadannan bishiyoyin tupelo da cypress suna nuna alamar ambaliyar ruwa.]] Filin ambaliya ko fili ko ƙasa[] yanki ne na ƙasar da ke kusa da kogi.  Ambaliyar ruwa ta tashi daga bakin kogi zuwa gindin kwarin da ke kewaye, kuma suna fuskantar ambaliya a lokutan da ake yawan zubar da ruwa.[] Ƙasar yawanci tana kunshe da yumbu, tarkace, yashi, da tsakuwa da aka ajiye a lokacin ambaliya.. Saboda ambaliya na yau da kullun, wuraren ambaliya akai-akai suna da yawan amfanin ƙasa tun lokacin da aka ajiye abubuwan gina jiki tare da ruwan ambaliya.  Wannan na iya ƙarfafa noma;[1] wasu muhimman yankuna na noma, irin su kogin Nilu da kogin Mississippi, suna cin gajiyar filayen ambaliyar ruwa.  Yankunan noma da na birane sun bunƙasa a kusa da ko kan filayen ambaliya don cin gajiyar ƙasa mai albarka da ruwan sha.  Duk da haka, haɗarin ambaliya ya haifar da ƙara ƙoƙari don shawo kan ambaliyar ruwa Yawancin filayen ambaliyar ruwa an kafa su ne ta hanyar ajiyewa a cikin kogin kogin da kuma kwararar ruwa.<ref name="wolman-leopold-1957">{{Cite journal |last=Wolman |first=M. Gordon |last2=Leopold |first2=Luna B. |date=1957 |title=River Flood Plains: Some Observations On Their Formation |journal=U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper |series=Professional Paper |volume=282-C |page=87 |doi=10.3133/pp282C |doi-access=free}}</ref> Duk inda kogin ya kewaya, ruwan da ke gudana yana lalata bakin kogin a waje da kogin. A lokaci guda, ana ajiye turɓaya a lokaci guda a cikin mashaya a cikin meander. An bayyana wannan a matsayin karuwar gefe tun lokacin da aka ɗora shi a gefe a cikin kogin. Rushewa a waje na meander yawanci yana daidaitawa a ciki don tashar ta sauya a cikin jagorancin meander ba tare da canzawa sosai a fadin ba. An gina mashaya har zuwa matakin da ke kusa da na bakin kogi. Babban lalacewar tarkace yana faruwa ne kawai lokacin da meander ya yanke zuwa ƙasa mafi girma. Sakamakon gabaɗaya shine cewa, kamar yadda kogin ke kewaye, yana haifar da ambaliyar ruwa wanda ya ƙunshi mafi yawa daga ajiyar ma'auni. Adadin da tashar ke canzawa ya bambanta sosai, tare da rahotanni da suka fito daga jinkiri don auna zuwa kusan ƙafa 2,400 (730 a kowace shekara don Kogin Kosi na Indiya.{{Sfn|Wolman|Leopold|1957}} Ruwan da ya wuce gona da iri yana faruwa ne lokacin da kogin ya cika da ruwa fiye da yadda tashar kogin zai iya saukarwa.  Yawo a kan bankunan kogin yana ajiye wani siriri mai laushi na laka wanda ya fi tsayi kuma mafi kauri kusa da tashar.  Ana bayyana wannan a matsayin haɓakawa a tsaye, tun da ma'ajin ajiya suna haɓaka sama.  A cikin tsarin kogin da ba a tada hankali ba, yawan kwararar ruwa yakan yi yawa, yawanci yana faruwa kowace shekara ɗaya zuwa biyu, ba tare da la'akari da yanayi ko yanayin yanayin ba.[7]  Adadin raguwar ambaliyar ruwa na kwanaki uku na Meuse da Rhine Rivers a cikin 1993 sun sami matsakaicin adadin laka a cikin ambaliya tsakanin 0.57 da 1.0 kg/m2.  An sami mafi girman ƙima akan leve (4 kg/m2 ko fiye) da kuma kan ƙananan wurare (1.6 kg/m2) Rashin ruwa daga kwararar da ke kan iyakar yana mai da hankali kan raƙuman ruwa na halitta, raguwa, da kuma a cikin wuraren da ke da ruwa da tabkuna masu zurfi na tafkunan ambaliyar ruwa. Rashin ruwa na halitta sune tuddai a gefen kogin da suka samo asali ne daga saurin sauka daga kwararar da ke kan iyaka. Yawancin yashi da aka dakatar ana ajiye shi a kan raƙuman ruwa, yana barin yashi da yumbu da za a ajiye su a matsayin laka mai ambaliyar ruwa daga kogi. Levees yawanci ana gina su sosai don a yi amfani da su sosai idan aka kwatanta da wuraren da ke kusa, kuma dives a cikin yanayin da ba na busasshiyar yanayi galibi suna da tsire-tsire masu yawa. An kafa haɗuwa ta hanyar abubuwan da suka faru daga babban tashar kogi. Kogin ya fadi, kuma ambaliyar ruwa ta kwashe tashar. Rashin ruwa daga tsagewar ya bazu a matsayin ajiyar siffar [[Delta]] tare da tashoshin rarrabawa da yawa. Tsarin raguwa ya fi yawa a sassan koguna inda kogin ke tara turɓaya (ƙara). {{Sfn|Leeder|2011}} Ambaliyar ruwa da aka maimaita a ƙarshe ta gina wani tudun alluvial, wanda raƙuman ruwa na halitta da kuma hanyoyin da aka watsar na iya tsayawa sama da mafi yawan ambaliyar ruwa.{{Sfn|Leeder|2011}} Yankin da ke cikin ruwa yana saman belin tashar da aka kafa ta hanyar tsararraki masu zuwa na ƙaura da kuma yankewa. A lokutan da suka fi tsayi, kogin na iya barin belin tashar kuma ya gina sabon a wani matsayi a kan ambaliyar ruwa. Wannan tsari ana kiransa avulsion kuma yana faruwa a tsakanin shekaru 10-1000. Tarihin tarihi wanda ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa sun hada da ambaliwar Kogin Yellow na 1855 da ambaliar Kogin Kosi na 2008.{{Sfn|Leeder|2011}} Filayen ambaliyar ruwa na iya samuwa a kusa da koguna na kowane nau'i ko girman. Ko da madaidaiciyar kogin suna iya samar da ambaliyar ruwa. Tsakanin tashar sanduna a cikin koguna masu laushi suna ƙaura zuwa ƙasa ta hanyar matakai masu kama da waɗanda ke cikin sanduna masu layin koguna kuma suna iya gina filin ambaliyar ruwa.{{Sfn|Wolman|Leopold|1957}} Yawan turɓaya a cikin ambaliyar ruwa ya wuce nauyin kogin turɓaya. Don haka, filayen ambaliyar ruwa muhimmiyar wurin ajiya ce ga turɓaya yayin jigilar su daga inda aka samar da su zuwa mafi kyawun yanayin su.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lewin |first=John |date=October 1978 |title=Floodplain geomorphology |journal=Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=408–437 |bibcode=1978PrPG....2..408L |doi=10.1177/030913337800200302 |s2cid=220950870}}</ref> Lokacin da adadin da kogin ke raguwa ya zama babba don haka kwararar bakin teku ba ta zama mai yawa ba, an ce kogin ya watsar da ambaliyar ruwa. Za a iya adana wasu sassan ambaliyar da aka watsar a matsayin wuraren kogi.{{Sfn|Wolman|Leopold|1957}} == Muhalli == Filayen ambaliyar ruwa suna tallafawa tsarin halittu daban-daban da masu amfani.<ref name="IUFRO">{{Cite web |last=Kulhavy |first=Jiri |last2=Cater |first2=Matjaz |title=Floodplain forest ecosystems |url=https://www.iufro.org/science/divisions/division-8/80000/80100/80105/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521212848/https://www.iufro.org/science/divisions/division-8/80000/80100/80105/ |archive-date=21 May 2023 |access-date=15 November 2021 |publisher=International Union of Forest Research Organizations}}</ref><ref name="KlimoHager2001">{{Cite book|edition=Herbert}}</ref> Ana nuna su da bambancin da ke cikin sararin samaniya da lokaci, wanda hakan ke samar da wasu daga cikin nau'ikan halittu masu arziki.<ref name="WardEtal1999">{{Cite journal |last=Ward |first=J. V. |last2=Tockner |first2=K. |last3=Schiemer |first3=F. |date=1999 |title=Biodiversity of floodplain river ecosystems: ecotones and connectivity1 |journal=Regulated Rivers: Research & Management |volume=15 |issue=1–3 |pages=125–139 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(199901/06)15:1/3<125::AID-RRR523>3.0.CO;2-E}}</ref> Daga hangen nesa na muhalli, mafi kyawun bangare na ambaliyar ruwa shine bugun ambaliyar da ke da alaƙa da ambaliyar shekara-shekara, don haka an bayyana tsarin yanayin ambaliyar a matsayin wani ɓangare na kwarin kogi wanda ke ambaliyar sau da yawa kuma ya bushe.<ref name="Bayley1995">{{Cite journal |last=Bayley |first=Peter B. |date=March 1995 |title=Understanding Large River: Floodplain Ecosystems |journal=BioScience |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=153–158 |doi=10.2307/1312554 |jstor=1312554}}</ref> Ambaliyar ruwa tana kawo kayan da ke da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki kuma tana fitar da abubuwan gina jiki daga ƙasa mai bushe yayin da ambaliyar ruwa ta cika. Rushewar tsire-tsire na ƙasa da ambaliyar ruwa ta nutse yana ƙarawa ga samar da abinci mai gina jiki. Yankin ambaliyar ruwa na kogin (yanki mafi kusa da bakin kogin) yana ba da kyakkyawan yanayi ga nau'ikan ruwa da yawa, don haka lokacin kifi sau da yawa ya dace da farawar ambaliyar. Dole ne kifi ya girma da sauri a lokacin ambaliyar don ya tsira daga raguwar ruwa. Yayin da ambaliyar ruwa ta ragu, bakin teku suna fuskantar furanni na microorganisms, yayin da bakin kogin ya bushe kuma tsire-tsire na ƙasa suka tsiro don daidaita bankin.<ref name="Bayley1995">{{Cite journal |last=Bayley |first=Peter B. |date=March 1995 |title=Understanding Large River: Floodplain Ecosystems |journal=BioScience |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=153–158 |doi=10.2307/1312554 |jstor=1312554}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBayley1995">Bayley, Peter B. (March 1995). "Understanding Large River: Floodplain Ecosystems". ''BioScience''. '''45''' (3): <span class="nowrap">153–</span>158. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/1312554|10.2307/1312554]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1312554 1312554].</cite></ref> [[Fayil:Achterwehr_(129456655).jpeg|thumb|268x268px|Wani filin da ke ƙasa a Achterwehr Jamus ya cika da ambaliyar ruwa daga hanyar ruwa da ke kusa.]] Biota na ambaliyar ruwa yana da girma mai girma na shekara-shekara da yawan mace-mace, wanda ke da fa'ida ga saurin mulkin mallaka na manyan yankuna na ambaliwar ruwa. Wannan yana ba su damar amfani da sauyawa na yanayin ambaliyar ruwa.<ref name="Bayley1995">{{Cite journal |last=Bayley |first=Peter B. |date=March 1995 |title=Understanding Large River: Floodplain Ecosystems |journal=BioScience |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=153–158 |doi=10.2307/1312554 |jstor=1312554}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBayley1995">Bayley, Peter B. (March 1995). "Understanding Large River: Floodplain Ecosystems". ''BioScience''. '''45''' (3): <span class="nowrap">153–</span>158. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/1312554|10.2307/1312554]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1312554 1312554].</cite></ref> Misali, itatuwan ambaliyar ruwa suna girma da sauri kuma suna jure wa rikicewar tushen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ferreira |first=Leandro Valle |last2=Stohlgren |first2=Thomas J. |date=1999-09-01 |title=Effects of river level fluctuation on plant species richness, diversity, and distribution in a floodplain forest in Central Amazonia |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050893 |journal=Oecologia |volume=120 |issue=4 |pages=582–587 |bibcode=1999Oecol.120..582F |doi=10.1007/s004420050893 |issn=1432-1939 |pmid=28308309 |s2cid=10195707 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Masu amfani da dama (kamar tsuntsaye) suna janyo hankalin wadataccen abinci da ambaliyar ta bayar.<ref name="IUFRO">{{Cite web |last=Kulhavy |first=Jiri |last2=Cater |first2=Matjaz |title=Floodplain forest ecosystems |url=https://www.iufro.org/science/divisions/division-8/80000/80100/80105/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521212848/https://www.iufro.org/science/divisions/division-8/80000/80100/80105/ |archive-date=21 May 2023 |access-date=15 November 2021 |publisher=International Union of Forest Research Organizations}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFKulhavyCater">Kulhavy, Jiri; Cater, Matjaz. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230521212848/https://www.iufro.org/science/divisions/division-8/80000/80100/80105/ "Floodplain forest ecosystems"]. International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Archived from [https://www.iufro.org/science/divisions/division-8/80000/80100/80105/ the original] on 21 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Tsarin halittu na ambaliyar ruwa yana da yankuna daban-daban. A Turai, yayin da mutum ke motsawa daga kogi, al'ummomin shuke-shuke masu zuwa sune shuke-huke na banki (yawanci na shekara-shekara); shuke-tsuke na willow; gandun daji na willow-poplar; gandun dajin oak-ash; da gandun daji mai laushi. Rikicin ɗan adam yana haifar da filayen rigar da ke maye gurbin yawancin yanayin halittu na asali.<ref name="Suchara2019">{{Cite journal |last=Suchara |first=Ivan |date=11 January 2019 |title=The Impact of Floods on the Structure and Functional Processes of Floodplain Ecosystems |journal=Journal of Soil and Plant Biology |volume=2019 |issue=1 |pages=28–44 |doi=10.33513/JSPB/1801-03 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2025 |s2cid=207914841 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Yankunan halittu suna nuna danshi na ƙasa da gradient na iskar oxygen wanda hakan ya dace da gradient din ambaliyar ruwa.<ref name="Hughes1997">{{Cite journal |last=Hughes |first=Francine M.R. |date=December 1997 |title=Floodplain biogeomorphology |journal=Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=501–529 |bibcode=1997PrPG...21..501H |doi=10.1177/030913339702100402 |s2cid=220929033}}</ref> Kayan gandun daji na farko na ambaliyar Turai sun mamaye itacen oak (60%) elm (20%) da hornbeam (13%), amma tashin hankali na ɗan adam ya canza kayan shafa zuwa toka (49%) tare da maple yana ƙaruwa zuwa 14% kuma itacen oaks yana raguwa zuwa 25% .<ref name="KlimoHager2001">{{Cite book|edition=Herbert}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFKlimoHager2001">Klimo, Emil; Hager, Herbert, eds. (2001). [https://books.google.com/books?id=nCGbpTCAeJAC&dq=klimo+hager+2001&pg=PR3 ''The floodplain forests in Europe : current situations and perspectives'']. Leiden: Brill. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9789004119581|<bdi>9789004119581</bdi>]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Yankunan ambaliyar Semiarid suna da ƙananan nau'o'in jinsuna. Dabbobi sun saba da fari da ambaliyar ruwa. Kashewa mai tsanani na iya lalata ikon yanayin yanayin ambaliyar ruwa don canzawa zuwa yanayin rigar lafiya lokacin ambaliyar.<ref name="ColloffBaldwin2010">{{Cite journal |last=Colloff |first=Matthew J. |last2=Baldwin |first2=Darren S. |date=2010 |title=Resilience of floodplain ecosystems in a semi-arid environment |journal=The Rangeland Journal |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=305 |doi=10.1071/RJ10015}}</ref> dazuzzukan ambaliyar ruwa sun kasance kashi 1% na yanayin Turai a cikin 1800s. Yawancin wannan an share su ta hanyar ayyukan ɗan adam, kodayake gandun daji na ambaliyar ruwa sun shafi ƙasa da sauran nau'ikan gandun daji. Wannan ya sa su zama mafaka masu mahimmanci ga bambancin halittu.<ref name="KlimoHager2001">{{Cite book|edition=Herbert}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFKlimoHager2001">Klimo, Emil; Hager, Herbert, eds. (2001). [https://books.google.com/books?id=nCGbpTCAeJAC&dq=klimo+hager+2001&pg=PR3 ''The floodplain forests in Europe : current situations and perspectives'']. Leiden: Brill. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9789004119581|<bdi>9789004119581</bdi>]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="IUFRO">{{Cite web |last=Kulhavy |first=Jiri |last2=Cater |first2=Matjaz |title=Floodplain forest ecosystems |url=https://www.iufro.org/science/divisions/division-8/80000/80100/80105/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521212848/https://www.iufro.org/science/divisions/division-8/80000/80100/80105/ |archive-date=21 May 2023 |access-date=15 November 2021 |publisher=International Union of Forest Research Organizations}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFKulhavyCater">Kulhavy, Jiri; Cater, Matjaz. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230521212848/https://www.iufro.org/science/divisions/division-8/80000/80100/80105/ "Floodplain forest ecosystems"]. International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Archived from [https://www.iufro.org/science/divisions/division-8/80000/80100/80105/ the original] on 21 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Halakar mutum na yanayin yanayin ambaliyar ruwa galibi sakamakon kula da ambaliyar mmiri ne, ci gaban hydroelectric (kamar tafkuna), da kuma sauya ambaliyar ambaliyar zuwa amfani da noma.<ref name="Bayley1995">{{Cite journal |last=Bayley |first=Peter B. |date=March 1995 |title=Understanding Large River: Floodplain Ecosystems |journal=BioScience |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=153–158 |doi=10.2307/1312554 |jstor=1312554}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBayley1995">Bayley, Peter B. (March 1995). "Understanding Large River: Floodplain Ecosystems". ''BioScience''. '''45''' (3): <span class="nowrap">153–</span>158. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/1312554|10.2307/1312554]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1312554 1312554].</cite></ref><ref name="KlimoHager2001" /> Sufuri da zubar da sharar gida suma suna da mummunar sakamako.<ref name="Bayley1995" /> Sakamakon shi ne raguwar waɗannan yanayin halittu, wanda ke haifar da asarar yawan jama'a da bambancin <ref name="KlimoHager2001" /> da kuma haɗari ga sauran raguwar yanayin halittu. <ref name="WardEtal1999">{{Cite journal |last=Ward |first=J. V. |last2=Tockner |first2=K. |last3=Schiemer |first3=F. |date=1999 |title=Biodiversity of floodplain river ecosystems: ecotones and connectivity1 |journal=Regulated Rivers: Research & Management |volume=15 |issue=1–3 |pages=125–139 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(199901/06)15:1/3<125::AID-RRR523>3.0.CO;2-E}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFWardTocknerSchiemer1999">Ward, J. V.; Tockner, K.; Schiemer, F. (1999). "Biodiversity of floodplain river ecosystems: ecotones and connectivity1". ''Regulated Rivers: Research & Management''. '''15''' (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>3): <span class="nowrap">125–</span>139. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291099-1646%28199901%2F06%2915%3A1%2F3%3C125%3A%3AAID-RRR523%3E3.0.CO%3B2-E 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(199901/06)15:1/3&#x3C;125::AID-RRR523&#x3E;3.0.CO&#x3B;2-E].</cite></ref> Kula da ambaliyar ruwa yana haifar da iyaka mai kaifi tsakanin ruwa da ƙasa fiye da a cikin ambaliyar ambaliyar da ba a dame ta ba, yana rage bambancin jiki.<ref name="Bayley1995" /> dazuzzuka na ambaliyar ruwa suna kare hanyoyin ruwa daga rushewa da gurɓata kuma suna rage tasirin ambaliyar.<ref name="KlimoHager2001" /> Rashin jituwa da mutane ke yi a cikin yanayin ambaliyar ruwa yana rushe ƙoƙarin fahimtar halayensu na halitta. Koguna masu zafi ba su da tasiri daga mutane kuma suna ba da samfuran yanayin ambaliyar ruwa, waɗanda ake zaton suna raba yawancin halayen muhalli.<ref name="Bayley1995">{{Cite journal |last=Bayley |first=Peter B. |date=March 1995 |title=Understanding Large River: Floodplain Ecosystems |journal=BioScience |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=153–158 |doi=10.2307/1312554 |jstor=1312554}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBayley1995">Bayley, Peter B. (March 1995). "Understanding Large River: Floodplain Ecosystems". ''BioScience''. '''45''' (3): <span class="nowrap">153–</span>158. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/1312554|10.2307/1312554]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1312554 1312554].</cite></ref> == Kula da ambaliyar ruwa == Ban da yunwa da annoba, wasu bala'o'i mafi muni a tarihi] (wanda aka auna ta hanyar asarar rayuka) sun kasance ambaliyar kogi, musamman a kogin Yellow na kasar Sin - duba jerin ambaliyar ruwa mafi muni.  Mafi munin waɗannan, kuma mafi munin bala'i (ban da yunwa da annoba), shi ne ambaliya na 1931 na kasar Sin, wanda aka kiyasta ya kashe miliyoyin.  Wannan an riga shi ambaliya ta 1887 kogin Yellow, wanda ya kashe mutane kusan miliyan daya kuma shine bala'i na biyu mafi muni a tarihi.. Girman ambaliyar ruwa ya dogara da wani bangare akan girman ambaliyar, wanda aka bayyana ta Lokacin dawowa. A {asar Amirka, Hukumar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta Tarayya (FEMA) ce ke kula da Shirin Inshorar Ruwa ta Ƙasa (NFIP).  NFIP tana ba da inshora ga kaddarorin da ke cikin yankin da ke fama da ambaliya, kamar yadda taswirar Inshorar Inshorar Ruwa (FIRM) ta ayyana, wanda ke nuna haɗarin ambaliya iri-iri ga al'umma.  FIRM yawanci tana mai da hankali kan ƙayyadadden yanki na ambaliyar ruwa na shekaru 100, wanda kuma aka sani a cikin NFIP a matsayin Yankin Hatsarin Ruwa na Musamman. Inda aka yi cikakken nazarin hanyar ruwa, ambaliyar ruwa ta shekaru 100 za ta haɗa da ambaliyar, ɓangaren ambaliyar da ya haɗa da tashar rafi da duk wuraren da ke kusa da su waɗanda dole ne a kiyaye su ba tare da mamayewa ba wanda zai iya toshe ambaliyar ko ƙuntata ajiyar ruwan ambaliyar. Wani lokaci da aka saba fuskanta shi ne Yankin Hadarin Ambaliyar Ruwa na Musamman, wanda shine kowane yanki da ambaliyar ruwa ta shekaru 100 ta mamaye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=44 CFR 59.1 – Definitions. |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/44/59.1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829162835/https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/44/59.1 |archive-date=2017-08-29 |access-date=2017-01-13 |website=LII / Legal Information Institute}}</ref> Matsalar ita ce duk wani canji na ruwa mai zurfi na batun da ake tambaya na iya shafar ikon ruwa don sarrafa ruwa, kuma ta haka ne yana iya shafar matakan ambaliyar lokaci. Babban cibiyar cin kasuwa da filin ajiye motoci, alal misali, na iya haɓaka matakan shekaru 5, shekaru 100, da sauran ambaliyar ruwa, amma taswirar ba a daidaita su da yawa kuma ana sauya su sau da yawa ta hanyar ci gaba. Domin kadarorin da ke fama da ambaliyar ruwa su cancanci samun inshorar da gwamnati ke ba da tallafi, dole ne al’ummar yankin su ɗauki doka da ke kare hanyar ambaliyar kuma ta buƙaci sabbin gine-ginen da aka gina a Wurare na Musamman na Hadarin Ambaliyar ruwa zuwa aƙalla matakin ambaliya na shekaru 100.  Ana iya ɗaukaka tsarin kasuwanci ko hana ambaliya zuwa ko sama da wannan matakin.  A wasu wuraren ba tare da cikakkun bayanan nazari ba, ana iya buƙatar tsarukan da za a ɗaga su zuwa akalla ƙafa biyu sama da matakin da ke kewaye.] Yawancin gwamnatocin Jihohi da na ƙananan hukumomi sun amince da ƙa'idodin gina filayen ambaliyar ruwa waɗanda suka fi ƙuntata fiye da waɗanda NFIP ta umarta.  Gwamnatin Amurka kuma tana tallafawa kokarin rage haɗarin ambaliya don rage tasirin ambaliya.  Shirin Rage Hazari na California shine tushen tallafi don ayyukan ragewa.  Garuruwa da yawa kamar Ingilishi, Indiana, an ƙaura gaba ɗaya don kawar da su daga ambaliyar.  Sauran ƙananan yunƙurin rage ɓangarorin sun haɗa da samun da ruguza gine-ginen da ke fama da ambaliya ko tabbatar da ambaliyar ruwa. A wasu wuraren ambaliya, irin su Neja Delta na cikin gida na Mali, abubuwan da ke faruwa a kowace shekara, wani bangare ne na yanayin muhalli da tattalin arzikin yankunan karkara, wanda ke ba da damar noman amfanin gona ta hanyar noma ta koma bayan tattalin arziki.  Koyaya, a Bangladesh, mai mamaye yankin Ganges Delta, fa'idodin da ke tattare da yalwar ƙasa mai ɗanɗano na kwararowar ambaliya yana da matuƙar wahala sakamakon yawan ambaliyar ruwa da guguwa da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ke haifarwa.  Wadannan matsanancin yanayi na haifar da mummunar tabarbarewar tattalin arziki da asarar rayukan mutane a yankin da ke da yawan jama'a. [[Fayil:Flooding_of_Pampanga_River_after_Typhoon_Quinta_(Molave),_Santa_Rosa,_Nueva_Ecija.jpg|center|thumb|500x500px|Ambaliyar ruwa na Kogin Pampanga bayan Typhoon Quinta, 2020 (gani daga Santa Rosa, gadar Nueva Ecija).]] == Yankin da ke cike da ambaliyar ruwa == Abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa na ambaliyar ruwa na musamman ne kuma ya bambanta sosai bisa ga microtopography. dazuzzuka masu ambaliyar ruwa suna da bambancin yanayin ƙasa wanda ke haifar da bambancin yanayi a cikin yanayin ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=De Jager |first=Nathan R. |last2=Thomsen |first2=Meredith |last3=Yin |first3=Yao |date=April 2012 |title=Threshold effects of flood duration on the vegetation and soils of the Upper Mississippi River floodplain, USA |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.01.023 |journal=Forest Ecology and Management |volume=270 |pages=135–146 |doi=10.1016/j.foreco.2012.01.023 |issn=0378-1127 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin ruwa a cikin saman 30 cm na bayanin ƙasa kuma ya bambanta sosai bisa ga microtopography, wanda ke shafar wadatar oxygen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Krumbach |first=A. W. |date=October 1959 |title=Effects of microrelief on distribution of soil moisture and bulk density |url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/JZ064i010p01587 |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |volume=64 |issue=10 |pages=1587–1590 |bibcode=1959JGR....64.1587K |doi=10.1029/JZ064i010p01587 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hupp |first=Cliff R. |last2=Osterkamp |first2=W. R. |date=June 1985 |title=Bottomland Vegetation Distribution along Passage Creek, Virginia, in Relation to Fluvial Landforms |url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2307/1940528 |journal=Ecology |volume=66 |issue=3 |pages=670–681 |bibcode=1985Ecol...66..670H |doi=10.2307/1940528 |issn=0012-9658 |jstor=1940528 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ƙasa mai ambaliyar ruwa tana kasancewa cikin iska na dogon lokaci tsakanin abubuwan ambaliyar, amma a lokacin ambaliyar ƙasa, ƙasa mai cike da iskar oxygen na iya zama mai ƙarancin iskar oxygen idan ta tsaya na dogon lokaci. Ana samun karin iskar oxygen a wurare masu tsawo da ke nesa da kogi. dazuzzuka na ambaliyar ruwa gabaɗaya suna fuskantar sauyawa na aikin microbe na ƙasa da anaerobic, yana shafar ci gaban tushe mai kyau da bushewa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Keeley |first=Jon E. |date=March 1979 |title=Population Differentiation along a Flood Frequency Gradient: Physiological Adaptations to Flooding in Nyssa sylvatica |url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2307/1942574 |journal=Ecological Monographs |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=89–108 |bibcode=1979EcoM...49...89K |doi=10.2307/1942574 |issn=0012-9615 |jstor=1942574 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jones |first=Robert H. |last2=Lockaby |first2=B. Graeme |last3=Somers |first3=Greg L. |date=1996 |title=Effects of Microtopography and Disturbance on Fine-Root Dynamics in Wetland Forests of Low-Order Stream Floodplains |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2426631 |journal=The American Midland Naturalist |volume=136 |issue=1 |pages=57–71 |doi=10.2307/2426631 |issn=0003-0031 |jstor=2426631 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Phosphorus keken keke a cikin ambaliyar ƙasa === Filayen ambaliyar ruwa suna da babban ƙarfin buffering don phosphorus don hana asarar abinci mai gina jiki ga fitowar kogi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Arenberg |first=Mary R. |last2=Liang |first2=Xinqiang |last3=Arai |first3=Yuji |date=2020-10-01 |title=Immobilization of agricultural phosphorus in temperate floodplain soils of Illinois, USA |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-020-00696-1 |journal=Biogeochemistry |volume=150 |issue=3 |pages=257–278 |bibcode=2020Biogc.150..257A |doi=10.1007/s10533-020-00696-1 |issn=1573-515X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Gudanar da abinci mai gina jiki na phosphorus matsala ce a cikin tsarin ruwa mai laushi. Yawancin phosphorus a cikin tsarin ruwa mai laushi ya fito ne daga tsire-tsire masu tsabtace ruwa na gari da kuma ragowar aikin gona.<ref name="Schönbrunner 329–337">{{Cite journal |last=Schönbrunner |first=Iris M. |last2=Preiner |first2=Stefan |last3=Hein |first3=Thomas |date=August 2012 |title=Impact of drying and re-flooding of sediment on phosphorus dynamics of river-floodplain systems |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.025 |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=432 |issue=10 |pages=329–337 |bibcode=2012ScTEn.432..329S |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.025 |issn=0048-9697 |pmc=3422535 |pmid=22750178}}</ref> Haɗin rafi yana sarrafa ko cycling na phosphorus yana shiga tsakani ta hanyar ambaliyar ruwa ko ta hanyoyin waje.<ref name="Schönbrunner 329–337" /> A karkashin yanayin haɗin rafi, phosphorus ya fi dacewa a sake shi, kuma ana iya riƙe turɓaya da abubuwan gina jiki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Noe |first=Gregory B. |last2=Hupp |first2=Cliff R. |last3=Rybicki |first3=Nancy B. |date=2013-01-01 |title=Hydrogeomorphology Influences Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Mineralization in Floodplain Wetlands |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-012-9597-0 |journal=Ecosystems |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=75–94 |bibcode=2013Ecosy..16...75N |doi=10.1007/s10021-012-9597-0 |issn=1435-0629 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ruwa a cikin koguna na ruwa mai laushi ya ƙare a cikin ajiya na ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin shuke-shuke ko algae ko na dogon lokaci a cikin turɓaya.<ref name="Schönbrunner 329–337" /> Ruwa / bushe cycling a cikin ambaliyar ruwa yana da tasiri sosai ga wadatar phosphorus saboda yana canza matakin ruwa, yanayin redox, pH, da kuma kayan jiki na ma'adanai.<ref name="Schönbrunner 329–337" /> Ƙasa mai bushewa da aka ambaliya a baya sun rage wadatar phosphorus kuma sun kara kusanci don samun phosphorum.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Baldwin |first=D.S. |last2=Mitchell |first2=A.M. |date=September 2000 |title=The effects of drying and re-flooding on the sediment and soil nutrient dynamics of lowland river-floodplain systems: a synthesis |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1099-1646(200009/10)16:53.0.CO;2-B |journal=Regulated Rivers: Research & Management |language=en |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=457–467 |doi=10.1002/1099-1646(200009/10)16:5<457::AID-RRR597>3.0.CO;2-B |issn=0886-9375 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Canje-canje na ambaliyar ruwa na ɗan adam kuma yana tasiri ga sake zagayowar phosphorus.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Baldwin |first=D.S. |last2=Mitchell |first2=A.M. |date=September 2000 |title=The effects of drying and re-flooding on the sediment and soil nutrient dynamics of lowland river-floodplain systems: a synthesis |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1099-1646(200009/10)16:53.0.CO;2-B |journal=Regulated Rivers: Research & Management |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=457–467 |doi=10.1002/1099-1646(200009/10)16:5<457::AID-RRR597>3.0.CO;2-B |issn=0886-9375 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Particulate phosphorus da soluble reactive phosphorum (SRP) na iya ba da gudummawa ga algal fure da guba a cikin hanyoyin ruwa lokacin da aka canza nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios zuwa sama.<ref name="Jarvie 123–132">{{Cite journal |last=Jarvie |first=Helen P. |last2=Johnson |first2=Laura T. |last3=Sharpley |first3=Andrew N. |last4=Smith |first4=Douglas R. |last5=Baker |first5=David B. |last6=Bruulsema |first6=Tom W. |last7=Confesor |first7=Remegio |date=January 2017 |title=Increased Soluble Phosphorus Loads to Lake Erie: Unintended Consequences of Conservation Practices? |journal=Journal of Environmental Quality |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=123–132 |bibcode=2017JEnvQ..46..123J |doi=10.2134/jeq2016.07.0248 |issn=0047-2425 |pmid=28177409 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A yankunan da nauyin phosphorus shine mafi yawan phosphorum, kamar Kogin Mississippi, hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa don cire phosphoros sama da ruwa sune sedimentation, ƙaruwar ƙasa, da binnewa. A cikin kwari inda SRP shine ainihin nau'in phosphorus, ɗaukar halittu a cikin gandun daji na ambaliyar ruwa shine hanya mafi kyau ta cire abubuwan gina jiki.<ref name="Jarvie 123–132" /> Phosphorus na iya canzawa tsakanin SRP da ƙwayoyin phosphorus dangane da yanayin yanayi ko matakai kamar lalacewa, ɗaukar halittu, sakin redoximorphic, da kuma sedimentation da accretion.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hoffmann |first=Carl Christian |last2=Kjaergaard |first2=Charlotte |last3=Uusi-Kämppä |first3=Jaana |last4=Hansen |first4=Hans Christian Bruun |last5=Kronvang |first5=Brian |date=September 2009 |title=Phosphorus Retention in Riparian Buffers: Review of Their Efficiency |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0087 |journal=Journal of Environmental Quality |volume=38 |issue=5 |pages=1942–1955 |bibcode=2009JEnvQ..38.1942H |doi=10.2134/jeq2008.0087 |issn=0047-2425 |pmid=19704138 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> A cikin ko dai nau'in phosphorus, gandun daji na ambaliyar ruwa suna da fa'ida a matsayin sinks na phosphorum, kuma rabuwar da mutum ya haifar tsakanin ambaliyar ambaliyar da koguna yana kara yawan phosphorurus.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pagano |first=T. C. |date=2014-07-17 |title=Evaluation of Mekong River commission operational flood forecasts, 2000–2012 |journal=Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |volume=18 |issue=7 |pages=2645–2656 |bibcode=2014HESS...18.2645P |doi=10.5194/hess-18-2645-2014 |issn=1607-7938 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Masu gurɓata muhalli a cikin ƙasa mai ambaliyar ruwa === Ƙasa mai ambaliyar ruwa tana da yawa a cikin gurɓataccen muhalli, musamman gurɓatawar gurɓatacciyar halitta (POP).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Skála |first=Jan |last2=Vácha |first2=Radim |last3=Čupr |first3=Pavel |date=June 2018 |title=Which Compounds Contribute Most to Elevated Soil Pollution and the Corresponding Health Risks in Floodplains in the Headwater Areas of the Central European Watershed? |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |volume=15 |issue=6 |pages=1146 |doi=10.3390/ijerph15061146 |issn=1660-4601 |pmc=6025328 |pmid=29865159 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Fahimtar da ta dace game da rarraba gurɓataccen ƙasa yana da rikitarwa saboda babban bambanci a cikin microtopography da yanayin ƙasa a cikin ambaliyar ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rinklebe |first=Jörg |last2=Franke |first2=Christa |last3=Neue |first3=Heinz-Ulrich |date=October 2007 |title=Aggregation of floodplain soils based on classification principles to predict concentrations of nutrients and pollutants |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.06.001 |journal=Geoderma |volume=141 |issue=3–4 |pages=210–223 |bibcode=2007Geode.141..210R |doi=10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.06.001 |issn=0016-7061 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Alluvial plain - Yankin da koguna suka ajiye turɓaya * Flood-meadow - Ƙasar da ke kusa da kogi da ke ƙarƙashin ambaliyar yanayi * Water-meadow - Yankin da aka yi ban ruwa da shi * Red River Floodway - Hanyar kula da ambaliyar ruwa ta wucin gadi a Manitoba, Kanada a matsayin misali mai kyau na hanyar ambaliyar. * Floodplain restoration - Maido da ambaliyar kogi * Flood opening - Hanyar rage tasirin ambaliyar ruwa a kan gine-gine ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] omtw2krvv7hbueacqq1tre50snosvhg 0 110235 820028 688387 2026-04-10T08:43:17Z BnHamid 12586 820028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Solomon Islands ƙasa ce ta tsibirin a Kudancin Tekun Pacific, wanda ke [[gabas]] [[Sabuwar Gini Papuwa|Papua New Guinea]] . == Tsibirin ==   Babban bangare na ƙasar ''Solomon Islands'' shine Tsibirin dutsen wuta na Solomon Islands (archipelago), wanda ya haɗa da Choiseul, Tsibirin Shortland, Tsibirin New Georgia, Santa Isabel, Tsibirin Russell, Tsibirin Florida, Tulagi, Malaita, Maramasike, Ulawa, Owaraha (Santa Ana), Makira (San Cristobal), da babban tsibirin Guadalcanal. (Tsibiran mafi girma a cikin tsibirin shine [[Tsibirin Bougainville|Bougainville]], amma yanki ne mai cin gashin kansa na siyasa na makwabciyar kasar [[Sabuwar Gini Papuwa|Papua New Guinea]].) Tsibirin Solomon sun hada da tsibirai masu ƙasƙanci da tsibannin dutsen wuta kamar Sikaiana, Rennell Island, Bellona Island, Tsibirin Santa Cruz da kuma nesa, ƙananan ƙananan waje, Tikopia, Anuta, da Fatutaka. Nisa tsakanin mafi yawan yammaci da mafi yawan tsibiran gabas kusan kilomita 1,500 (930 mi).  Musamman tsibirin Santa Cruz, arewacin Vanuatu, sun keɓe a fiye da kilomita 200 (120 mi) daga sauran tsibiran.  Jimlar girman ƙasar shine murabba'in kilomita 29,000 (sq mi 11,000).  Tana da yanki na Musamman na Tattalin Arziki na Musamman na 22 na murabba'in kilomita 1,589,477 (613,701 sq mi). == Geology da muhalli == [[Fayil:Share_Of_Forest_Area_In_Total_Land_Area,_Top_Countries_(2021).svg|thumb|330x330px|Kasuwancin yankin gandun daji a cikin jimlar yankin ƙasa, manyan ƙasashe (2021). Tsibirin Solomon suna da kashi na shida mafi girma na gandun daji a duniya.]] [[Dutsen Volcano|Dutsen wuta]] tare da matakai daban-daban na aiki suna kan wasu manyan tsibirai, yayin da yawancin ƙananan tsibirai ƙananan tsibannin ne da aka rufe da yashi da itatuwan dabino. Binciken asali na bambancin halittu na ruwa a cikin Tsibirin Solomon wanda aka gudanar a shekara ta 2004, ya sami nau'ikan murjani 474 a cikin Solomons da kuma nau'ikan tara waɗanda zasu iya zama sabo ga kimiyya. Wannan shi ne na biyu mafi girma iri-iri na murjani a Duniya, na biyu kawai ga Raja Ampat Islands a gabashin Indonesia.   Yanayin yanayi ne na [[Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)|wurare masu zafi]], kodayake yanayin zafi ba shi da yawa saboda iska mai sanyaya da ke hurawa daga tekun da ke kewaye. Yanayin zafi na rana yawanci 25 zuwa 32 . Daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba (lokacin fari), iskar kasuwanci ta kudu maso gabas tana busawa, a wasu lokuta har zuwa {{Convert|30|kn|km/h}} km / h) ko fiye. Nuwamba zuwa Maris shine lokacin rigar - arewa maso yammacin ruwan sama - yawanci mai dumi da rigar. Cyclones suna tasowa a cikin Tekun Coral da yankin Solomon Islands, amma yawanci suna juyawa zuwa [[Vanuatu]] da New Caledonia ko ƙasa da bakin tekun Australia.{{Weather box}} == Kididdiga == [[Fayil:Solomon_Islands_and_Oceania.jpg|thumb|416x416px|Tsibirin Solomon dangane da sauran Oceania.]] '''Yankin:'''''jimillar:''{{Convert|29,000|km2|sqmi}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Solomon Islands: Geography |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/solomon-islands/#geography |access-date=25 July 2023 |publisher=CIA Factbook}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2023 |title=Solomon Islands country profile |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15896396 |access-date=17 October 2023 |website=BBC News}}</ref>''ƙasa:''{{Convert|27,986|km2|sqmi}}''ruwa:''{{Convert|1,014|km2|sqmi}} '''Yankin bakin teku:''' kilomita 5,313&nbsp; '''Maritime claims:''' Measured from claimed archipelagic baselines ''continental shelf:'' &nbsp; {{Convert|200|nmi|mi km|-1}} ''exclusive economic zone:'' &nbsp; {{Convert|1,589,477|km2|mi2}} (200 nmi) ''territorial sea:'' &nbsp; {{Convert|12|nmi|mi km|0}} '''Yankin:''' Mafi yawan duwatsu masu tsawo tare da wasu ƙananan murjani Matsayi mai tsanani: ''mafi ƙasƙanci:'' Tekun Pacific 0 m mafi girma: Dutsen Popomanaseu {{Convert|2,332|m|ft}} (ba Dutsen Makarakomburu ba) &nbsp; '''Albarkatun halitta:''' [[kifi]], [[Gandun Daji|gandun daji]], [[Zinare|zinariya]], Bauxite, phosphate, gubar, [[zinc]], nickel '''Amfani da ƙasa:''' ƙasa mai noma: 0.62% ''amfanin gona na dindindin:'' 2.04% wasu: 97.34% (2005) '''Yankin da ake ban ruwa:''' NA '''Hadarin halitta:''' Guguwa mai zafi, ruwan sama mai tsanani, [[Ambaliya|ambaliyar ruwa]], tsunami; girgizar ƙasa; aikin [[Dutsen Volcano|dutsen wuta]] '''Muhalli - batutuwan yanzu:''' [[Gandun daji|Kashe daji]]; Rushewar ƙasa; yawancin coral reefs da ke kewaye da su sun mutu ko suna mutuwa '''Muhalli - yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa:''' ''jam'iyya zuwa: Diversity, Climate Change, Climate Canjin-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Canjin Muhalli, Dokokin Teku, Jibgar Ruwa, Kare Kifi na Marine, Kariyar Layer Ozone, Whaling'' == Abubuwa masu tsanani == Wannan jerin manyan wurare ne na [[Tsibiran Solomon|Tsibirin Solomon]], wuraren da ke arewa, kudu, gabas ko yamma fiye da kowane wuri. * Yankin arewacin - Ontong Java Atoll, Lardin Malaita * Yankin Gabas - Fatutaka, Tsibirin Santa Cruz, Lardin Temotu * Yankin Kudancin - Kudancin Reef, Indispensable Reef, Rennell da Lardin BellonaLardin Rennell da Bellona * Yammacin Yamma - Tsibirin Mono, Tsibirin Baitulmalin, Lardin YammaYankin Yamma [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kiesacq6q1et1yo5xm0dp3ovpfxlmck 820029 820028 2026-04-10T08:43:31Z BnHamid 12586 820029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Solomon Islands ƙasa ce ta tsibirin a Kudancin Tekun Pacific, wanda ke [[gabas]] [[Sabuwar Gini Papuwa|Papua New Guinea]] . == Tsibirin ==   Babban bangare na ƙasar ''Solomon Islands'' shine Tsibirin dutsen wuta na Solomon Islands (archipelago), wanda ya haɗa da Choiseul, Tsibirin Shortland, Tsibirin New Georgia, Santa Isabel, Tsibirin Russell, Tsibirin Florida, Tulagi, Malaita, Maramasike, Ulawa, Owaraha (Santa Ana), Makira (San Cristobal), da babban tsibirin Guadalcanal. (Tsibiran mafi girma a cikin tsibirin shine [[Tsibirin Bougainville|Bougainville]], amma yanki ne mai cin gashin kansa na siyasa na makwabciyar kasar [[Sabuwar Gini Papuwa|Papua New Guinea]].) Tsibirin Solomon sun hada da tsibirai masu ƙasƙanci da tsibannin dutsen wuta kamar Sikaiana, Rennell Island, Bellona Island, Tsibirin Santa Cruz da kuma nesa, ƙananan ƙananan waje, Tikopia, Anuta, da Fatutaka. Nisa tsakanin mafi yawan yammaci da mafi yawan tsibiran gabas kusan kilomita 1,500 (930 mi).  Musamman tsibirin Santa Cruz, arewacin Vanuatu, sun keɓe a fiye da kilomita 200 (120 mi) daga sauran tsibiran.  Jimlar girman ƙasar shine murabba'in kilomita 29,000 (sq mi 11,000).  Tana da yanki na Musamman na Tattalin Arziki na Musamman na 22 na murabba'in kilomita 1,589,477 (613,701 sq mi). == Geology da muhalli == [[Fayil:Share_Of_Forest_Area_In_Total_Land_Area,_Top_Countries_(2021).svg|thumb|330x330px|Kasuwancin yankin gandun daji a cikin jimlar yankin ƙasa, manyan ƙasashe (2021). Tsibirin Solomon suna da kashi na shida mafi girma na gandun daji a duniya.]] [[Dutsen Volcano|Dutsen wuta]] tare da matakai daban-daban na aiki suna kan wasu manyan tsibirai, yayin da yawancin ƙananan tsibirai ƙananan tsibannin ne da aka rufe da yashi da itatuwan dabino. Binciken asali na bambancin halittu na ruwa a cikin Tsibirin Solomon wanda aka gudanar a shekara ta 2004, ya sami nau'ikan murjani 474 a cikin Solomons da kuma nau'ikan tara waɗanda zasu iya zama sabo ga kimiyya. Wannan shi ne na biyu mafi girma iri-iri na murjani a Duniya, na biyu kawai ga Raja Ampat Islands a gabashin Indonesia.   Yanayin yanayi ne na [[Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)|wurare masu zafi]], kodayake yanayin zafi ba shi da yawa saboda iska mai sanyaya da ke hurawa daga tekun da ke kewaye. Yanayin zafi na rana yawanci 25 zuwa 32 . Daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba (lokacin fari), iskar kasuwanci ta kudu maso gabas tana busawa, a wasu lokuta har zuwa {{Convert|30|kn|km/h}} km / h) ko fiye. Nuwamba zuwa Maris shine lokacin rigar - arewa maso yammacin ruwan sama - yawanci mai dumi da rigar. Cyclones suna tasowa a cikin Tekun Coral da yankin Solomon Islands, amma yawanci suna juyawa zuwa [[Vanuatu]] da New Caledonia ko ƙasa da bakin tekun Australia.{{Weather box}} == Kididdiga == [[Fayil:Solomon_Islands_and_Oceania.jpg|thumb|416x416px|Tsibirin Solomon dangane da sauran Oceania.]] '''Yankin:'''''jimillar:''{{Convert|29,000|km2|sqmi}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Solomon Islands: Geography |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/solomon-islands/#geography |access-date=25 July 2023 |publisher=CIA Factbook}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2023 |title=Solomon Islands country profile |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15896396 |access-date=17 October 2023 |website=BBC News}}</ref>''ƙasa:''{{Convert|27,986|km2|sqmi}}''ruwa:''{{Convert|1,014|km2|sqmi}} '''Yankin bakin teku:''' kilomita 5,313&nbsp; '''Maritime claims:''' Measured from claimed archipelagic baselines ''continental shelf:'' &nbsp; {{Convert|200|nmi|mi km|-1}} ''exclusive economic zone:'' &nbsp; {{Convert|1,589,477|km2|mi2}} (200 nmi) ''territorial sea:'' &nbsp; {{Convert|12|nmi|mi km|0}} '''Yankin:''' Mafi yawan duwatsu masu tsawo tare da wasu ƙananan murjani Matsayi mai tsanani: ''mafi ƙasƙanci:'' Tekun Pacific 0 m mafi girma: Dutsen Popomanaseu {{Convert|2,332|m|ft}} (ba Dutsen Makarakomburu ba) &nbsp; '''Albarkatun halitta:''' [[kifi]], [[Gandun Daji|gandun daji]], [[Zinare|zinariya]], Bauxite, phosphate, gubar, [[zinc]], nickel '''Amfani da ƙasa:''' ƙasa mai noma: 0.62% ''amfanin gona na dindindin:'' 2.04% wasu: 97.34% (2005) '''Yankin da ake ban ruwa:''' NA '''Hadarin halitta:''' Guguwa mai zafi, ruwan sama mai tsanani, [[Ambaliya|ambaliyar ruwa]], tsunami; girgizar ƙasa; aikin [[Dutsen Volcano|dutsen wuta]] '''Muhalli - batutuwan yanzu:''' [[Gandun daji|Kashe daji]]; Rushewar ƙasa; yawancin coral reefs da ke kewaye da su sun mutu ko suna mutuwa '''Muhalli - yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa:''' ''jam'iyya zuwa: Diversity, Climate Change, Climate Canjin-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Canjin Muhalli, Dokokin Teku, Jibgar Ruwa, Kare Kifi na Marine, Kariyar Layer Ozone, Whaling'' == Abubuwa masu tsanani == Wannan jerin manyan wurare ne na [[Tsibiran Solomon|Tsibirin Solomon]], wuraren da ke arewa, kudu, gabas ko yamma fiye da kowane wuri. * Yankin arewacin - Ontong Java Atoll, Lardin Malaita * Yankin Gabas - Fatutaka, Tsibirin Santa Cruz, Lardin Temotu * Yankin Kudancin - Kudancin Reef, Indispensable Reef, Rennell da Lardin BellonaLardin Rennell da Bellona * Yammacin Yamma - Tsibirin Mono, Tsibirin Baitulmalin, Lardin YammaYankin Yamma ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] duupskcrrp7t3nu3guy3cp3eh5x83us 0 111173 820057 754841 2026-04-10T09:03:40Z BnHamid 12586 820057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Amanda America Dickson (20 ga Nuwamba, 1849 - 11 ga Yuni, Shekara ta 1893) 'yar Afirka ce ta Afirka a Georgia wacce ta zama sananniya a matsayin daya daga cikin mata masu arziki na Afirka na karni na 19 bayan ta gaji babban dukiya daga mahaifinta farar fata.<ref>https://archive.org/details/womanofcolordaug00lesl</ref> An haife ta a cikin Bautar, ita ce 'yar David Dickson, fararen shuka, da Julia Frances Lewis (Dickson), yarinya da ya bautar, wacce take da shekaru goma sha uku lokacin da aka haifi 'yarta. Elizabeth Sholars Dickson ce ta haifi Amanda, tsohuwar tsohuwar tsohuwa da kuma uwargidan shari'a (mai mallakar). Ta sami ilimi kuma ta sami ilimi a cikin ƙwarewar zamantakewa na ajin mahaifinta, kuma ya taimaka mata ta ji daɗin rayuwa mai daraja daga mummunan gaskiyar bautar kafin 'yanci bayan Yaƙin basasar Amurka. A ƙarshen shekarunta na 20, Dickson ta halarci Makarantar al'ada ta Jami'ar Atlanta, kwalejin baƙar fata na tarihi, daga 1876 zuwa 1878. Bayan rasuwar mahaifinta a 1885, Amanda Dickson ta gaji dukiyarsa. Iyalansa masu farin sun kalubalanci nufin amma Dickson ya ci nasara a cikin shari'ar. Gidajensa sun hada da kadada 17,000 na ƙasa a yankunan Hancock da Washington a Georgia. Ta yi aure sau biyu: Mijinta na farko fari ne, yayin da mijinta na biyu ya kasance mai arziki, mai ilimi, kuma mai launin fata. ==Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi== An haifi Amanda America Dickson a cikin bautar a cikin [[Hancock County,]] Jojiya. Mahaifiyarta, Julia Frances Lewis Dickson, tana da shekara 13 kawai lokacin da aka haife ta. Mahaifinta, David Dickson (1809-1885), <ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-Dickson</ref> fararen shuka ne kuma mai gonar bawa wanda ya mallaki mahaifiyarta; yana ɗaya daga cikin masu gonar takwas mafi arziki a cikin gundumar. Lokacin da yake dan shekara 40, David Dickson ya yi wa Julia Dickson fyade mai shekaru 12, kuma ta yi juna biyu.<ref>http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/amanda-america-dickson-1849-1893</ref> Bayan an yaye Amanda, an ɗauke ta daga mahaifiyarta mai bautar da kakarta, Rose, don a girma a gidan mai shi, kakarta Mai shuka Elizabeth Sholars Dickson. Yayin da Amanda ta girma, kakarta ta yi amfani da ita a matsayin ma'aikaciyar gida.[3]: 47 :47 ==Manzarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1893]] hrh9mkn93zg8i9royoldul8kj7xfuod 0 112140 820036 694347 2026-04-10T08:49:39Z BnHamid 12586 820036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Mana_Mokopuna_logo,_2024.png|thumb|250x250px|Alamar Hukumar Yara da Matasa]] Hukumar Yara da Matasa ('''''Mana Mokopuna''''') kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da Gwamnatin New Zealand ta kafa a watan Yulin 2023 a matsayin magajin tsohon Ofishin Kwamishinan Yara. Kamar wanda ya riga shi, Mana Mokopuna ya ba da shawara ga haƙƙin yara a New Zealand, ya ba da shawarwari da jagora ga gwamnati da hukumomi, kuma ya yi kira ga yara a cikin tsarin yanke shawara.<ref name="About us">{{Cite web |date=2 March 2022 |title=About us |url=https://www.manamokopuna.org.nz/about/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215021114/https://www.manamokopuna.org.nz/about/ |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=25 December 2023 |publisher=Mana Mokopuna}}</ref> Hukumar ta kunshi Babban Kwamishinan Yara na cikakken lokaci, mataimakin, da Kwamishinoni uku. A ƙarshen Yuni 2025, Gwamnatin Kasa ta shida ta zartar da dokar da ta soke Hukumar da kuma dawo da Kwamishinan Yara. == Jagora da ayyuka == Mana Mokopuna ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta. Ya zuwa Afrilu 2025, ya kunshi Babban Kwamishinan Yara Dokta Claire Achmad, Mataimakin Kwamishinan yara [[Donna Matahaere-Atariki]], da Kwamishinan Ijoollee Dokta [[Julie Wharewera-Mika]], [[Ronelle Baker]] da Josiah Tualamali'i.<ref name="About us">{{Cite web |date=2 March 2022 |title=About us |url=https://www.manamokopuna.org.nz/about/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215021114/https://www.manamokopuna.org.nz/about/ |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=25 December 2023 |publisher=Mana Mokopuna}}</ref> Tsarin tsarin hukumar shine Dokar Hukumar Yara da Matasa ta 2022 da kuma abokin kula da Dokar Tsarin Oranga Tamariki ta 2022. A karkashin Kula da Dokar Oranga Tamariki, Hukumar ta riƙe alhakin saka idanu kan mazaunan matasa na Oranga Tamarini a karkashin Yarjejeniyar Zaɓuɓɓuka ga Yarjejeniyar kan Torture (OPCAT), gami da amfani da ziyarar da aka shirya da ba a shirya ba. Hukumar ta kuma yi aiki tare da Mai Kula da Yara Masu Zaman Kansu, wanda kuma ya ɗauki ayyukan sa ido na tsohon Ofishin Kwamishinan Yara.<ref name="RNZ Ruth Hill" /> Hukumar ta mayar da hankali kan bayar da shawarwari ga yara da matasa. == Tarihi == A ranar 24 ga watan Agustan 2022, Gwamnatin Kwadago ta shida ta zartar da Dokar Hukumar Yara da Matasa ta 2022, wanda ya maye gurbin Ofishin Kwamishinan Yara da Hukumar Yara da matasa. Dukkanin jam'iyyun sun yi adawa da canjin dokar, ban da Jam'iyyar Labour Party mai mulki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sepuloni |first=Carmel |date=24 August 2022 |title=Government strengthens oversight for children in state care |url=https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/government-strengthens-oversight-children-state-care |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903215535/https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/government-strengthens-oversight-children-state-care |archive-date=3 September 2022 |access-date=25 December 2023 |website=Beehive.govt.nz |publisher=[[New Zealand Government]]}}</ref> Hukumar ta kasance a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2023, tana ɗaukar ayyukan Ofishin Kwamishinan Yara. Kwamishinan yara na karshe, Alkalin Frances Eivers, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Kwamishinan Yara na farko har zuwa 31 ga Oktoba 2023. Dokta Achmad ne ya gaje ta, wanda Matahaere-Atariki, Dokta Wharewera-Mika, Tualamali'i, da Baker suka haɗu da ita.<ref name="Beehive">{{Cite web |date=1 July 2023 |title=Government strengthens advocacy for all children with new Commission |url=https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/government-strengthens-advocacy-all-children-new-commission |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225104731/https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/government-strengthens-advocacy-all-children-new-commission |archive-date=25 December 2023 |access-date=25 December 2023 |website=Beehive.govt.nz |publisher=[[New Zealand Government]]}}</ref> Tsakanin 13 da 15 ga Fabrairu 2024, Mana Mokopuna ya gudanar da ziyarar da ba a sanar da ita ba zuwa gidan shari'ar matasa na Oranga Tamariki a [[South Auckland|Kudancin Auckland]]. A ranar 30 ga watan Yunin 2024, Mana Mokopuna ta fitar da wani rahoto da ke zargin cewa ma'aikatan sun kai hari ga mazauna, sun shiga cikin dangantaka mara kyau, sun ba su smuggling, kuma sun yarda da al'adun zalunci da tashin hankali tsakanin mazauna. Tsakanin Oktoba 2023 da Fabrairu 2024, akwai fiye da 20 da aka rubuta abubuwan da suka faru na mazauna da aka samu suna shan sigari ko suna da kwayoyi. A tsakiyar watan Yulin 2024, rahoton Mana Mokopuna ya haifar da binciken 'yan sanda, dakatarwa a shigar da mutane a gidan Whakatakapokai da kuma korar ma'aikata da yawa. A ranar 26 ga Yuni 2025, Gwamnatin New Zealand ta shida ta zartar da Dokar Kula da Tsarin Dokar Oranga Tamariki ta 2025, wanda ya rushe Hukumar kuma ya sake dawo da Ofishin Kwamishinan Yara. A karkashin dokar, Dokta Achmad zai kasance a matsayin Kwamishinan Yara daga 1 ga Agusta 2025. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ksdm1vpqyw9fccxlxjrqbt4bpf5ge9t 0 114015 820042 699521 2026-04-10T08:55:03Z BnHamid 12586 820042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Cignature''' (Yaren mutanen Koriya: 시그니처; wanda aka saba sawa a duk ƙananan haruffa) ƙungiyar 'yan matan Koriya ta Kudu ce ta ƙunshi Chaesol, Jeewon, Seline, Chloe, Belle, Semi, da Dohee. C9 Entertainment ne suka kafa kuma aka sarrafa su a ƙarƙashin keɓaɓɓen rukunin yarinyar su mai suna J9 Entertainment, ƙungiyar sun fara halarta a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 2020, tare da ɗayansu na farko "Nun Nu Nan Na". Kungiyar ta watse a hukumance a ranar 3 ga Disamba, 2024. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} kgjz7jvwp2n5uq86d83czd0pcgg1m3c 0 115854 820025 711635 2026-04-10T08:41:55Z BnHamid 12586 820025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dannawa''' ko '''Klick''' na iya nufin:Danna  == Jirgin sama == * Click Airways, kamfanin jirgin sama na UAE * Clickair, kamfanin jirgin sama na Mutanen Espanya * MexicanaClick, kamfanin jirgin sama na Mexico == Fasaha, nishaɗi, da kafofin watsa labarai == === Hotuna na almara === * Klicks, tseren baƙi a cikin ''Star Drive'' * Danna, ƙaramin hali a cikin Rock-afire Explosion Music Stage Show === Fim din === * Danna (fim na 2006), wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka wanda Adam Sandler ya fito * Danna (fim na 2010), fim mai ban tsoro na Hindi * Danna fim din (fim na 2024) fim din wasan kwaikwayo na Indiya na yaren Kannada === Waƙoƙi === * Danna waƙar * Le Click, Jamusanci Eurodance duo * The Click (band), ƙungiyar hip hop ta Amurka ==== Fitarwa ==== * The Click (album) , wani kundi na 2017 na ƙungiyar pop AJR * "Click" (Waƙar ClarS) , 2014 * "Click" (waƙar Charlie XCX) , 2019 * "The Click", waƙar Good Charlotte daga Good Charlotte''Charlotte mai kyau'' * "Click", waƙar Anahi, Ale Sergi da Jay de la CuevaJay na kogon * "Click", waƙar Little Boots from Hands''Hannun hannu'' === Bugawa === * <nowiki><i id="mwQw">Dannawa</i></nowiki> (wasan kwaikwayo) * Danna (littafi) * ''Danna!'' , jaridar Romania * ''Dannawa'', mujallar kimiyya don yara ta masu bugawa na Spider''gizo-gizo'' * "Click", wani ɗan gajeren labari na R. L. Stine a cikin littafin Tales to Give You Goosebumps''Labaran da za a ba ka Goosebumps'' * ''Dannawa'', mujallar da ba ta da masaniya da aka buga ta Triangle PublicationsLittattafan Triangle === Rediyo === * <nowiki><i id="mwVw">Dannawa</i></nowiki> (shiryen rediyo) * Dannawa da Clack, rundunonin Car Talk''Magana da Motar'' === Talabijin === * Danna (jerin talabijin na Kanada), jerin koyarwa * <nowiki><i id="mwYg">Dannawa</i></nowiki> (wasan kwaikwayo) * Danna (wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin na Philippines), wasan kwaikwayo na matasa * Danna (shirin talabijin), shirin labarai game da fasaha * The Click (Hacks), karo na goma sha shida na ''Hacks'' * "Click", wani yanayi na 3 Goosebumps episodekakar wasa ta 3 <nowiki><i id="mwbw">Goosebumps</i></nowiki> episode * "Klick" (Mafi Kyawun Kira Saul), ƙarshen kakar 2 na Better Call Saul''Zai fi Kiran Saul'' == Kwamfuta == * Apache Click, tsarin aikace-aikacen yanar gizo * Clik! , na'urar fitar da faifai * Point and click, alama ce da aka yi da na'urar shigar da kwamfuta kamar linzamin kwamfuta * ClickSoftware, kamfanin software yanzu mallakar Salesforce * Danna, mai sarrafa kunshin da Ubuntu Touch ya yi amfani da shi == Mutane == * Click Bishop (an haife shi a shekara ta 1957), ɗan siyasan Amurka * Danny Click (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960), mawaƙin mawaƙa da kuma guitarist na Amurka * Gary Click (an haife shi a shekara ta 1965), ɗan siyasan Amurka * James Click (an haife shi a shekara ta 1978), babban jami'in kwallon kwando na Amurka * Shannan Click (an haife ta a shekara ta 1983), samfurin Amurka == Sauran amfani == * Danna, Llano County, Texas, Amurka * Danna ilmin sunadarai, falsafar sunadarai * Danna ma'anar magana * Danna waƙar, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a rikodin sauti * Danna (acoustics) , kayan aikin sauti * Clicks, jerin kantin magani na Afirka ta Kudu, wani ɓangare na New Clicks Holdings LimitedSabbin Clicks Holdings Limited * Zuciya ta danna, alamar zuciya * [[Hyundai Getz|Hyundai Click]], mota * Danna (alama), alamar gidan Bunnings Warehouse * Danna! Cibiyar sadarwa, mai ba da talabijin da Intanet a Jihar Washington, Amurka * Snap (fingers), aikin ƙirƙirar sauti mai fashewa da yatsun mutum * Wani bangare na ratchet * Wani sashi na tallace-tallace na Kasuwar Acme FreshKasuwar Sabuntawa ta Acme * Klick, yaren soja na Amurka na kilomita daya * Klick Photoshop, alama ce ta Timpson (mai siyarwa) , Burtaniya * Danna taron koli na Asiya == Dubi kuma == * Klik (disambiguation) * Dannawa (disambiguation) {{Disambig}} pwndznv5i8entsx36edjs7kkyy8wiwu 0 116454 820058 714331 2026-04-10T09:04:10Z BnHamid 12586 820058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}Amar Akbar Anthony fim ne na masala na harshen Hindi na Indiya na 1977 wanda Manmohan Desai ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar kuma Kader Khan ya rubuta shi. An sake shi a Indiya a ranar 27 ga Mayu 1977, fim din ya fito ne daga Vinod Khanna, Rishi Kapoor, Amitabh Bachchan, Neetu Singh, Parveen Babi, Shabana Azmi, Nirupa Roy da Pran. Makircin yana mai da hankali kan 'yan'uwa uku da suka rabu tun suna yara waɗanda iyalai na addinai daban-daban suka karɓa; Hindu, Islama da Kiristanci. Sun girma sun zama Jami'in 'yan sanda, mawaƙi na qawwali da kuma mai mallakar mashaya na ƙasa, bi da bi. Laxmikant-Pyarelal ne ya kirkiro kundin sauti kuma Anand Bakshi ne ya rubuta kalmomin. Fim din ya samu ₹155 miliyan (US $ 17.69 miliyan) a ofishin jakadancin Indiya, ya zama Fim din Indiya mafi girma a wannan shekarar, Tare da Dharam Veer da Hum Kisise Kum Naheen .<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20121012163829/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=183&catName=MTk3Nw%3D%3D</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fim]] 9r1ja9fw0pn9d2dwe4jfl35zuh0ueun 0 117058 820065 717419 2026-04-10T09:07:47Z BnHamid 12586 820065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Amina bint al-Hajj ʿAbd al-Latif''' ( Arabic ; fl. 1802 - 1812) masanin shari'a ne kuma marubuci dan Morocco, wanda ya yi aiki a Tetouan a cikin karni na sha tara. == Tarihin Rayuwa == A karni na goma sha tara ya zama ruwan dare mazane a duniyar Islama suke aikin rubuce-rubuce fiye da mata. Sai dai a Spain da arewacin Afirka mata da dama sun yi aikinsu. Daya daga cikin irin wadannan matan ita ce Amina bint al-Hajj 'Abd al-Latif, Koda yake ba a san yadda ta yi kuruciyarta ba, ana danganta samun horarwar da ''Tarikh Titwan (History of Tetouan)'' na Muhammad Da'ud (1908-1984). A nan Dauda ya ba da labarin cewa mahaifinta ya koyar da ita ilimin Shari'a da aikin rubutu. An san cewa ta yi aiki a Tetouan a lokacin mulkin [[Slimane na Moroko|Sultan Sulayman]], kuma akwai ayyuka biyu da aka san ta hakaito da suka tsira. Na farko shine sashin karshe na ''At-Targhib wat-Tarhib ,'' tarin zantuka na Annabi; Rubutun an rubuta shi a shekarar 1802. Na biyu shi ne kwafin [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alƙur'ani]] mai kwanan wata zuwa 1812. Ta kasance sananne saboda salon da ta yi kwafin rubutun. Duk da yake ba a san ranar mutuwarta ba, an san cewa an binne ta a gidanta da ke ''Hawmat al-Mataymar'' (Metámar Quarter). == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} l2kav63wvf9t97j25cnjdylrxg0zy1s 0 117837 820061 729849 2026-04-10T09:05:27Z BnHamid 12586 820061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Lekki_flooding_2024.jpg|thumb]] A ranar 4 ga Yuli 2024, ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya ya haifar da ambaliya a Lekki, wani birni a jihar Legas, Najeriya.<ref name="u522">{{Cite web |last=Sunday |first=Ochogwu |date=3 Jul 2024 |title=Flood takes over residential areas in Ibeju-Lekki [VIDEO] |url=https://dailypost.ng/2024/07/03/flood-takes-over-residential-areas-in-ibeju-lekki-video/ |access-date=11 Jul 2024 |website=Daily Post Nigeria}}</ref> Ambaliyar ta yi mummunar barna a wuraren zama a Ibeju-Lekki da sauran wuraren da abin ya shafa.<ref name="n509">{{Cite web |last=George |first=Godfrey |date=7 Jul 2024 |title=10-hour rainfall: Lekki, Ikoyi residents flee luxury mansions as flood ravages homes, streets |url=https://punchng.com/10-hour-rainfall-lekki-ikoyi-residents-flee-luxury-mansions-as-flood-ravages-homes-streets/ |access-date=10 Jul 2024 |website=Punch Newspapers}}</ref> Ruwa ya lullube titunan, gine-gine sun ruguje, an kuma kwashe motoci.<ref name="i162">{{Cite web |last=Daramola |first=Kunle |date=3 Jul 2024 |title=PHOTOS: Commuters stranded, homes submerged as flood ravages Lagos |url=https://www.thecable.ng/photos-commuters-stranded-homes-submerged-as-flood-ravages-lagos/amp/ |access-date=11 Jul 2024 |website=TheCable}}</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Lekki birni ne, da ke a jihar Legas, a ƙasar Najeriya . Tana kudu maso gabashin birnin Legas. Tsibirin da aka kafa ta dabi'a, da ke iyaka da yammacinta akwai gundumar Victoria Island da gundumar Ikoyi na Legas, tare da Tekun Atlantika a kudu, Lagon Legas a arewa, da tafkin Lekki a gabas; tare da kudu maso gabas na birnin, wanda ya ƙare a gefen yammacin tsibirin Refuge, yana iyaka da gabashin Ibeju-Lekki LGA.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-18 |title=Lagos State Government |url=http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/pagelinks.php?p=19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018091652/http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/pagelinks.php?p=19 |archive-date=2015-10-18 |access-date=2024-07-11}}</ref> == Ambaliyar ruwa == A safiyar ranar 4 ga watan Yuli, ruwan sama mai yawa ya fara wanda bai tsaya ba har sai bayan sa'o'i goma.<ref name="c884">{{Cite web |last=Kegbegbe |first=Ibrahim |date=7 Jul 2024 |title=Nigeria's Rainy Season: Can Lagos Lead the Fight Against Floods? |url=https://sunrise.ng/nigerias-rainy-season-can-lagos-lead-the-fight-against-floods/ |access-date=11 Jul 2024 |website=Sunrise News}}</ref><ref name="t948">{{Cite web |date=7 Jul 2024 |title=10-Hour Rainfall Floods Luxury Mansions in Lekki and Ikoyi, Forcing Residents to Flee |url=https://vmtnews.ng/10-hour-rainfall-floods-luxury-mansions-in-lekki-and-ikoyi-forcing-residents-to-flee/ |access-date=11 Jul 2024 |website=VMT News}}</ref> Ambaliyar ruwa da ta haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga yankin. Ambaliyar ruwa ta lalata gidaje da yawa, kasuwanni, hanyoyi, da wuraren tarihi.<ref name="e298">{{Cite web |date=3 Jul 2024 |title=Torrential Rain Causes Widespread Flooding in Lagos – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/07/03/torrential-rain-causes-widespread-flooding-in-lagos/ |access-date=11 Jul 2024 |website=THISDAYLIVE – Truth and Reason}}</ref> == Sakamakon haka == An dai shafe kwanaki ana toshe hanyoyin a yayin da ‘yan kasuwa da mazauna garin ke tsaftacewa daga ambaliyar ruwa tare da fara gyara gine-ginen da suka lalace. Wasu mazauna garin dole ne su ƙaura daga gidajensu don dawowa kawai bayan.<ref name="t747">{{Cite web |date=3 Jul 2024 |title=Flood takes over residential areas in Ibeju-Lekki |url=https://ads.thenationonlineng.net/flood-takes-over-residential-areas-in-ibeju-lekki/amp/?utm_source=auto-read-also&utm_medium=web |access-date=11 Jul 2024 |website=The Nation Newspaper |archive-date=11 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711013957/https://ads.thenationonlineng.net/flood-takes-over-residential-areas-in-ibeju-lekki/amp/?utm_source=auto-read-also&utm_medium=web |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="b684">{{Cite web |last=Trust |first=Daily |date=3 Jul 2024 |title=Flood takes over houses, roads in Lagos |url=https://dailytrust.com/flood-takes-over-houses-roads-in-lagos/ |access-date=11 Jul 2024 |website=Daily Trust}}</ref> A ziyarar da kwamishinan muhalli da albarkatun ruwa na jihar Legas Tokunbo Wahab ya kai a jihar Legas, ya alakanta yawaitar ambaliyar ruwa ga al’adar gina gine-ginen da jama’a da gwamnati ke yi wa jama’a, inda ya jaddada cewa jihar ba za ta nade hannunta ba tare da barin wasu mutane don neman riba su lalata kayayyakin more rayuwa da jama’a da gwamnati ke samarwa.<ref name="l813">{{Cite web |last=Bankole |first=Idowu |date=27 Jun 2024 |title=48hrs rainfall: Agungi, Lekki environs in Lagos submerge in flood |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/06/48hrs-rainfall-agungi-lekki-environs-in-lagos-submerge-in-flood/ |access-date=11 Jul 2024 |website=Vanguard News}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} ea05lhriqjbnmkw0p1kern9fhcem6rz 820062 820061 2026-04-10T09:05:30Z KiranBOT 35988 cire bin AMP daga URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|cikakkun bayanai]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|rahoton kuskure]]) v2.2.9s 820062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Lekki_flooding_2024.jpg|thumb]] A ranar 4 ga Yuli 2024, ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya ya haifar da ambaliya a Lekki, wani birni a jihar Legas, Najeriya.<ref name="u522">{{Cite web |last=Sunday |first=Ochogwu |date=3 Jul 2024 |title=Flood takes over residential areas in Ibeju-Lekki [VIDEO] |url=https://dailypost.ng/2024/07/03/flood-takes-over-residential-areas-in-ibeju-lekki-video/ |access-date=11 Jul 2024 |website=Daily Post Nigeria}}</ref> Ambaliyar ta yi mummunar barna a wuraren zama a Ibeju-Lekki da sauran wuraren da abin ya shafa.<ref name="n509">{{Cite web |last=George |first=Godfrey |date=7 Jul 2024 |title=10-hour rainfall: Lekki, Ikoyi residents flee luxury mansions as flood ravages homes, streets |url=https://punchng.com/10-hour-rainfall-lekki-ikoyi-residents-flee-luxury-mansions-as-flood-ravages-homes-streets/ |access-date=10 Jul 2024 |website=Punch Newspapers}}</ref> Ruwa ya lullube titunan, gine-gine sun ruguje, an kuma kwashe motoci.<ref name="i162">{{Cite web |last=Daramola |first=Kunle |date=3 Jul 2024 |title=PHOTOS: Commuters stranded, homes submerged as flood ravages Lagos |url=https://www.thecable.ng/photos-commuters-stranded-homes-submerged-as-flood-ravages-lagos/ |access-date=11 Jul 2024 |website=TheCable}}</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Lekki birni ne, da ke a jihar Legas, a ƙasar Najeriya . Tana kudu maso gabashin birnin Legas. Tsibirin da aka kafa ta dabi'a, da ke iyaka da yammacinta akwai gundumar Victoria Island da gundumar Ikoyi na Legas, tare da Tekun Atlantika a kudu, Lagon Legas a arewa, da tafkin Lekki a gabas; tare da kudu maso gabas na birnin, wanda ya ƙare a gefen yammacin tsibirin Refuge, yana iyaka da gabashin Ibeju-Lekki LGA.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-18 |title=Lagos State Government |url=http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/pagelinks.php?p=19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018091652/http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/pagelinks.php?p=19 |archive-date=2015-10-18 |access-date=2024-07-11}}</ref> == Ambaliyar ruwa == A safiyar ranar 4 ga watan Yuli, ruwan sama mai yawa ya fara wanda bai tsaya ba har sai bayan sa'o'i goma.<ref name="c884">{{Cite web |last=Kegbegbe |first=Ibrahim |date=7 Jul 2024 |title=Nigeria's Rainy Season: Can Lagos Lead the Fight Against Floods? |url=https://sunrise.ng/nigerias-rainy-season-can-lagos-lead-the-fight-against-floods/ |access-date=11 Jul 2024 |website=Sunrise News}}</ref><ref name="t948">{{Cite web |date=7 Jul 2024 |title=10-Hour Rainfall Floods Luxury Mansions in Lekki and Ikoyi, Forcing Residents to Flee |url=https://vmtnews.ng/10-hour-rainfall-floods-luxury-mansions-in-lekki-and-ikoyi-forcing-residents-to-flee/ |access-date=11 Jul 2024 |website=VMT News}}</ref> Ambaliyar ruwa da ta haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga yankin. Ambaliyar ruwa ta lalata gidaje da yawa, kasuwanni, hanyoyi, da wuraren tarihi.<ref name="e298">{{Cite web |date=3 Jul 2024 |title=Torrential Rain Causes Widespread Flooding in Lagos – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/07/03/torrential-rain-causes-widespread-flooding-in-lagos/ |access-date=11 Jul 2024 |website=THISDAYLIVE – Truth and Reason}}</ref> == Sakamakon haka == An dai shafe kwanaki ana toshe hanyoyin a yayin da ‘yan kasuwa da mazauna garin ke tsaftacewa daga ambaliyar ruwa tare da fara gyara gine-ginen da suka lalace. Wasu mazauna garin dole ne su ƙaura daga gidajensu don dawowa kawai bayan.<ref name="t747">{{Cite web |date=3 Jul 2024 |title=Flood takes over residential areas in Ibeju-Lekki |url=https://ads.thenationonlineng.net/flood-takes-over-residential-areas-in-ibeju-lekki/amp/?utm_source=auto-read-also&utm_medium=web |access-date=11 Jul 2024 |website=The Nation Newspaper |archive-date=11 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711013957/https://ads.thenationonlineng.net/flood-takes-over-residential-areas-in-ibeju-lekki/amp/?utm_source=auto-read-also&utm_medium=web |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="b684">{{Cite web |last=Trust |first=Daily |date=3 Jul 2024 |title=Flood takes over houses, roads in Lagos |url=https://dailytrust.com/flood-takes-over-houses-roads-in-lagos/ |access-date=11 Jul 2024 |website=Daily Trust}}</ref> A ziyarar da kwamishinan muhalli da albarkatun ruwa na jihar Legas Tokunbo Wahab ya kai a jihar Legas, ya alakanta yawaitar ambaliyar ruwa ga al’adar gina gine-ginen da jama’a da gwamnati ke yi wa jama’a, inda ya jaddada cewa jihar ba za ta nade hannunta ba tare da barin wasu mutane don neman riba su lalata kayayyakin more rayuwa da jama’a da gwamnati ke samarwa.<ref name="l813">{{Cite web |last=Bankole |first=Idowu |date=27 Jun 2024 |title=48hrs rainfall: Agungi, Lekki environs in Lagos submerge in flood |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/06/48hrs-rainfall-agungi-lekki-environs-in-lagos-submerge-in-flood/ |access-date=11 Jul 2024 |website=Vanguard News}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} ozpt32eqdecwc2sdbatrlk0obf6ibfr 0 120073 820063 732544 2026-04-10T09:06:50Z BnHamid 12586 820063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Amélie''' ([[Faransanci]]: Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain, mai suna [lə fabylø t'stɛ̃ d‿'''''Ameliya''''' pulɛ̃], lit. 'The Fabulous Destiny of Amélie Poulain') fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na harshen [[Faransanci]] na 2001 wanda Jean-Pierre Jeunet ya jagoranta.Jeunet ne ya rubuta shi Tare da Guillaume Laurant, fim din hoto ne mai ban sha'awa game da rayuwar [[Faris|Paris]] ta zamani,wanda aka kafa a Montmartre.Ya ba da labarin Amélie Poulain,wanda Audrey Tautou ta buga, mai jin kunya kuma mai ban sha'awa wanda ya yanke shawarar canza rayuwar waɗanda ke kewaye da ita don mafi kyau yayin da yake hulɗa da kansa keɓewa. Fim din ya ƙunshi rukuni na tallafi, ciki har da Mathieu Kassovitz, Rufus, Lorella Cravotta, Serge Merlin,Jamel Debbouze, Claire Maurier, Clotilde Mollet, Isabelle Nanty, Dominique Pinon, Artus na Penguern, Yolande Moreau, Urbain Cancelier, da Maurice Bénichou.{{IPA|fr|lə fabylø dɛstɛ̃ d‿ameli pulɛ̃|pron}}{{IPA|fr|lə fabylø dɛstɛ̃ d‿ameli pulɛ̃|pron}}{{IPA|fr|lə fabylø dɛstɛ̃ d‿ameli pulɛ̃|pron}}<span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x2009;</span> An saki Amélie a wasan kwaikwayo a [[Faransa]] a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 2001 ta hanyar UGC-Fox Distribution kuma a Jamus a ranar 16 ga Agusta 2001 ta hanyar Prokino Filmverleih . Fim din ya sami yabo mai yawa, tare da yabo ga aikin Tautou, fim, gani, ƙirar samarwa, ƙirar sauti, gyara, ƙididdigar kiɗa, rubutu da jagorancin Jeunet. Amélie ta lashe kyautar Fim mafi kyau a European Film Awards, César Awards guda hudu, ciki har da Fim mafi kyau da kuma Darakta Mafi Kyawu, da kuma lambar yabo ta fina-finai ta British Academy guda biyu, ciki har le Best Original Screenplay. An zabi shi don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin guda biyar, gami da Mafi kyawun Fim na Harshen Ƙasashen Waje da Mafi kyawun Hoton asali. Fim din ya kasance babbar nasara ta kasuwanci, ya tara dala miliyan 174.2 a duk duniya a kan kasafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 10, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan nasarorin duniya don fim din [[Faransa]]. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fim]] a9g7r0ah4j2gpvzn8f7ye4lrd86itm5 0 121000 820051 737602 2026-04-10T08:59:43Z BnHamid 12586 820051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tashar jiragen ruwa na New York da New Jersey gundumar tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ce ta yankin New York-Newark <ref>{{Cite web |title=Latitude and longitude of Port of New York and New Jersey In United States |url=https://latitude.to/articles-by-country/us/united-states/7811/port-of-new-york-and-new-jersey |website=LATITUDE}}</ref> wanda ke kewaye da yankin da ke da nisan kusan mil 25 (kilomita 40) na Babban Mutuwar 'Yanci ta Kasa. Ya haɗa da tsarin hanyoyin ruwa da ake kewayawa a cikin Estuary Harbour New York – New Jersey, wanda ke tafiyar sama da mil 770 (kilomita 1,240) na bakin teku a kusa da birnin New York da arewa maso gabashin New Jersey. kuma an dauke shi ɗayan manyan tashar jiragen ruwa a duniya. Da yake ya kasance tashar jirgin ruwa mafi yawan jama'a a Gabashin Gabas <ref>{{Cite web |title=Port of NY/NJ Becomes Country's Second Largest Container Port |url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/port-of-ny-nj-becomes-country-s-second-largest-container-port}}</ref> ya zama tashar jiragen sama mafi yawan jamaʼa ta hanyar jigilar kaya a Amurka a cikin 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2023 |title=Port of NY and NJ is now busiest nationwide |url=https://njbiz.com/port-of-ny-and-nj-is-now-busiest-nationwide/}}</ref> kuma babbar injiniyar tattalin arziki ce ga yankin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Port of New York and New Jersey Monthly Cargo Volumes |url=https://www.panynj.gov/port/en/our-port/facts-and-figures.html |access-date=December 10, 2022 |publisher=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vanessa Yurkevich |date=December 9, 2022 |title=The busiest port in America is no longer on the West Coast |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/09/business/port-los-angeles-new-york-supply-chain/index.html |access-date=December 10, 2022 |publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ann LoRocco |first=Lori |date=September 24, 2022 |title=New York is now the nation's busiest port in a historic tipping point for U.S.-bound trade |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/09/24/new-york-now-no-1-port-in-us-as-sea-change-in-trade-hits-west-coast.html |access-date=November 7, 2022 |publisher=CNBC}}</ref> Tashoshin jiragen saman yankin sun mayar da tashar ta zama babbar kofa ta ƙasa don zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na ƙasa da ƙasa da kuma cibiyarta mafi yawan zirga-zirgar fasinja da jigilar jiragen sama. Akwai yankuna biyu na kasuwancin waje (FTZ) a cikin tashar jiragen ruwa. == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:PortNewYorkNewJersey.jpg|right|thumb|Hoton NASA na yankin Newark da New York mafi girma, gami da gundumar tashar jiragen ruwa]] === Gundumar tashar jiragen ruwa === Ya ƙunshi yanki mai nisan kusan mil 25 (kilomita 40) na Babban Monument na 'Yanci na Kasa, gundumar tashar jiragen ruwa ta ƙunshi duka ko ɓangaren gundumomi goma sha bakwai a yankin. Taran da ke cikin gundumar sune Hudson, Bergen, Essex, Union (a New Jersey), da gundumomi biyar na New York City, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da gundumomin New York, Bronx, Sarakuna, Queens, da Richmond. Abutting sassan Passaic, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, da Somerset a New Jersey, da Nassau, Westchester, da Rockland a New York suma suna cikin gundumar. === Hanyoyin ruwa === ==== Jikin ruwa ==== Tashar jiragen ruwa ta New York tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa a duniya. Tekun Atlantika yana kudu maso gabashin tashar. Tekun da ke ƙofar tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ana kiranta New York Bight; Ya ta'allaka ne tsakanin mashigin Sandy Hook da Rockaway. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=October 8, 1992 |title=United States Coast Pilot: Atlantic Coast. Cape Cod to Sandy Hook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mBsv2XKa2J0C&dq=shoreline+mileage+port+of+new+york+new+jersey&pg=PA217 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |via=Google Books}}</ref> In Lower New York Bay and its western arm, Raritan Bay, vessels orient themselves for passage to the west into Arthur Kill or Raritan River or to the north to The Narrows. To the east lies the Rockaway Inlet, which leads to Jamaica Bay. The Narrows connects to the Upper New York Bay at the mouth of the Hudson River,<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=October 8, 1992 |title=United States Coast Pilot: Atlantic Coast. Cape Cod to Sandy Hook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mBsv2XKa2J0C&dq=shoreline+mileage+port+of+new+york+new+jersey&pg=PA217 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |via=Google Books}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://books.google.com/books?id=mBsv2XKa2J0C&dq=shoreline+mileage+port+of+new+york+new+jersey&pg=PA217 "United States Coast Pilot: Atlantic Coast. Cape Cod to Sandy Hook"]. U.S. Government Printing Office. October 8, 1992 &#x2013; via Google Books.</cite></ref> which is sometimes (particularly in navigation) called the North River. Large ships are able to navigate upstream to the Port of Albany-Rensselaer. To the west lies Kill van Kull, the strait leading to Newark Bay, fed by the Passaic River and Hackensack River, and the northern entrance of Arthur Kill.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Ana shigar da tashar Gowanus Canal da Tashar Milk daga gabas. Kogin Gabas wani yanki ne mai fadi wanda ke tafiya arewa zuwa Newtown Creek da Kogin Harlem, yana juya gabas a Ƙofar Jahannama kafin buɗewa zuwa Long Island Sound, wanda ke ba da hanyar shiga teku.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> ==== Hanyoyin sadarwa ==== [[Fayil:Deepening_the_Kill_Van_Kull_channel.jpg|left|thumb|Rashin zurfin Kill van Kull <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-11-23 |title=Dredging Today – Dredging Operations to Continue in Kill van Kull (USA) |url=https://www.dredgingtoday.com/2010/11/23/dredging-operations-to-continue-in-kill-van-kull-usa/ |access-date=2012-08-03 |publisher=Dredgingtoday.com}}</ref>]] tashar jiragen ruwa ta kunshi wani hadaddun kusan kilomita 240 (kilomita 386) na tashoshin jigilar kayayyaki, da tashar jiragen ruwa da wuraren tashar jiragen kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Army Corps of Engineers map of channels |url=http://www.nan.usace.army.mil/images/map4.jpg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613224209/http://www.nan.usace.army.mil/images/map4.jpg |archive-date=2011-06-13 |access-date=2010-08-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Controlling Depth Reports and Surveys |url=https://www.nan.usace.army.mil/Missions/Navigation/Controlling-Depth-Reports/ |access-date=2013-03-15 |publisher=United States Army Corps of Engineers (New York District)}}</ref> Yawancin jiragen ruwa suna buƙatar pilotage, kuma manyan jiragen ruwa suna neman taimakon Jirgin ruwa don juyawa mafi kaifi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sandy Hook Pilots Association – Home Page |url=https://www.sandyhookpilots.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060527042615/https://www.sandyhookpilots.com/ |archive-date=May 27, 2006 |website=www.sandyhookpilots.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wertenbaker |first=William |date=September 14, 1968 |title=Reporter at Large |url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/1968/09/14/1968_09_14_135_TNY_CARDS_000292437 |access-date=2011-02-14 |website=The Sandy Hook Pilots |publisher=The New Yorker}}</ref> Ambrose yana jagorantar daga teku zuwa Upper Bay, inda ya zama Anchorage Channel . Tashoshin da ke haɗa su ne Bay Ridge, Red Hook, Buttermilk, Claremont, Port Jersey, Kill Van Kull, Newark Bay, Port Newark, Elizabeth, da Arthur Kill. Anchorages an san su da Stapleton, Bay Ridge da Gravesend.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 24, 1998 |title=Intent To Prepare a Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) for the New York and New Jersey Harbor Navigation Study: Feasibility Phase |url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-1998-03-24/html/98-7621.htm |access-date=2014-08-31 |website=Federal Register Volume 63 |publisher=Government Printing Office}}</ref> Rashin zurfin tashar jiragen ruwa yana da kimanin ƙafa 17 (5 , amma an zurfafa shi tsawon shekaru, zuwa zurfin iko na kimanin ƙafa 24 (7 a cikin 1880. A shekara ta 1891, Babban Tashar Jirgin ya kasance mai zurfi {{Convert|30|ft|m|0}} . Biye da Dokar Koguna da Harbors na 1899 an ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 1.2 na kudade na farko don hawan tashoshi masu zurfi 40 ft (12.2 a Bay Ridge, Red Hook, da Sandy Hook. A shekara ta 1914, Ambrose Channel ya zama babban ƙofar tashar jiragen ruwa, a zurfin ƙafa 40 (12 da faɗin ƙafa 2,000 (600 . A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu an haƙa babban tashar zuwa zurfin mita 45 (14 m) don saukar da manyan jiragen ruwa har zuwa girman Panamax.&nbsp; A cikin 2016, Rundunar Sojojin Injiniyoyi sun kammala aikin zurfafa dala biliyan 2.1, zurfafa tashoshin tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa ƙafa 50 (15 m) don ɗaukar tasoshin kwantena na Post-Panamax, waɗanda za su iya wucewa ta hanyar Faɗaɗɗen Canal na Panama da Suez Canal. Wannan ya kasance tushen damuwar muhalli tare da tashoshi masu haɗa kayan kwantena a Port Newark zuwa Tekun Atlantika. PCBs da sauran gurɓatattun abubuwa suna kwance a cikin bargo kusa da ƙasa. A cikin Yuni 2009 an ba da sanarwar cewa 200,000 cubic yadi na PCBs da aka bushe za a "tsabta" kuma a adana su gaba ɗaya a wurin tsohon filin wasa na Yankee da kuma a Brooklyn Bridge Park.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2012 |title=Thompson: City Dumping Tons of Possibly Toxic Sludge in Parks, Elsewh… |url=http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/2009/06/thompson_city_d.php |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120530202642/http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/2009/06/thompson_city_d.php |archive-date=30 May 2012 |access-date=21 January 2019 |website=archive.is}}</ref> A wurare da yawa an tono ƙasan yashi har zuwa dutse kuma yanzu yana buƙatar fashewa. Kayan aikin toshewa daga nan sai su ɗauki dutsen su jefar da shi. A wani lokaci a cikin 2005, akwai nau'ikan kayan aikin bushewa guda 70 waɗanda ke aiki don zurfafa tashoshi, mafi girman jirgin ruwa na kayan aikin bushewa a ko'ina cikin duniya.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Tashar Hudson ita ce Anchorage Channel kuma tana da zurfin mita 50 a tsakiyar Upper Bay.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Fleet Register |url=https://www.clarksons.net/wfr/dredgers |access-date=21 January 2019 |website=www.clarksons.net}}</ref> An fara aikin maye gurbin manyan ruwa guda biyu tsakanin Brooklyn da Staten Island, wanda zai ba da izinin hako tashar zuwa kusan {{Convert|100|ft|m}} , a watan Afrilun 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 13, 2013 |title=Replacement of Anchorage Channel Water Siphons |url=http://www.nycedc.com/project/replacement-anchorage-channel-water-siphons |access-date=2012-03-15 |publisher=New York City Economic Development Commission}}</ref> Sojojin Sojoji sun ba da shawarar cewa a kiyaye mafi yawan tashoshin jiragen ruwa a zurfin ƙafa 50.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chiefs report |url=http://www.usace.army.mil/Portals/2/docs/civilworks/Chiefs_Report/ny_nj_harbor.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916052051/http://www.usace.army.mil/Portals/2/docs/civilworks/Chiefs_Report/ny_nj_harbor.pdf |archive-date=September 16, 2012 |access-date=2020-05-03 |publisher=www.usace.army.mil}}</ref> An kammala zubar da magudanar ruwa zuwa ƙafa 50 a watan Agustan shekara ta 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2016 |title=NY-NJ port completes 50-foot channel project - JOC.com |url=https://www.joc.com/port-news/us-ports/port-new-york-and-new-jersey/ny-nj-port-completes-50-foot-channel-project_20160902.html,%20/port-news/us-ports/port-new-york-and-new-jersey/ny-nj-port-completes-50-foot-channel-project_20160902.html |access-date=21 January 2019 |website=www.joc.com}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Harbor Deepening – Port Redevelopment – Port of New York and New Jersey – The Port Authority of NY & NJ |url=http://www.panynj.gov/port/harbor-deepening.html |access-date=21 January 2019 |website=www.panynj.gov}}</ref> Tashoshin sun hada da gadoji waɗanda ke iyakance tsawo na jiragen ruwa waɗanda zasu iya amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa. Ginin Verrazzano-Narrows yana da sarari na {{Convert|228|ft|m|1}} a matsakaicin ruwa mai girma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Verrazano-Narrows Bridge (I-278) |url=http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/verrazano-narrows/ |access-date=May 28, 2007}}</ref> Brooklyn Bridge yana da {{Convert|135|ft|m|1}} na sharewa, yayin da Bayonne Bridge ya tashi daga {{Convert|155|ft|m|1}} zuwa {{Convert|215|ft|m|1}} . ==== Jirgin sama ==== [[Fayil:Downtown_Manhattan_From_Aeroplane.jpg|right|thumb|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta New York da New Jersey sun girma daga tashar jiragen ruwa na asali a wurin haɗuwa da Kogin Hudson da Kogin Gabas a Upper New York Bay.]] Matukan jirgin na Sandy Hook matukin jirgi ne masu lasisi da ke tafiya cikin jiragen ruwa, masu jigilar fasinja, dakon kaya, da tankunan ruwa kuma suna da alhakin kewaya manyan jiragen ruwa ta gundumar tashar jiragen ruwa.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=October 8, 1992 |title=United States Coast Pilot: Atlantic Coast. Cape Cod to Sandy Hook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mBsv2XKa2J0C&dq=shoreline+mileage+port+of+new+york+new+jersey&pg=PA217 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |via=Google Books}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://books.google.com/books?id=mBsv2XKa2J0C&dq=shoreline+mileage+port+of+new+york+new+jersey&pg=PA217 "United States Coast Pilot: Atlantic Coast. Cape Cod to Sandy Hook"]. U.S. Government Printing Office. October 8, 1992 &#x2013; via Google Books.</cite></ref> eguiiyfrxdv0jrc44dk9qigf9eyncy7 820052 820051 2026-04-10T09:00:01Z BnHamid 12586 820052 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tashar jiragen ruwa na New York da New Jersey gundumar tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ce ta yankin New York-Newark <ref>{{Cite web |title=Latitude and longitude of Port of New York and New Jersey In United States |url=https://latitude.to/articles-by-country/us/united-states/7811/port-of-new-york-and-new-jersey |website=LATITUDE}}</ref> wanda ke kewaye da yankin da ke da nisan kusan mil 25 (kilomita 40) na Babban Mutuwar 'Yanci ta Kasa. Ya haɗa da tsarin hanyoyin ruwa da ake kewayawa a cikin Estuary Harbour New York – New Jersey, wanda ke tafiyar sama da mil 770 (kilomita 1,240) na bakin teku a kusa da birnin New York da arewa maso gabashin New Jersey. kuma an dauke shi ɗayan manyan tashar jiragen ruwa a duniya. Da yake ya kasance tashar jirgin ruwa mafi yawan jama'a a Gabashin Gabas <ref>{{Cite web |title=Port of NY/NJ Becomes Country's Second Largest Container Port |url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/port-of-ny-nj-becomes-country-s-second-largest-container-port}}</ref> ya zama tashar jiragen sama mafi yawan jamaʼa ta hanyar jigilar kaya a Amurka a cikin 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2023 |title=Port of NY and NJ is now busiest nationwide |url=https://njbiz.com/port-of-ny-and-nj-is-now-busiest-nationwide/}}</ref> kuma babbar injiniyar tattalin arziki ce ga yankin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Port of New York and New Jersey Monthly Cargo Volumes |url=https://www.panynj.gov/port/en/our-port/facts-and-figures.html |access-date=December 10, 2022 |publisher=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vanessa Yurkevich |date=December 9, 2022 |title=The busiest port in America is no longer on the West Coast |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/09/business/port-los-angeles-new-york-supply-chain/index.html |access-date=December 10, 2022 |publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ann LoRocco |first=Lori |date=September 24, 2022 |title=New York is now the nation's busiest port in a historic tipping point for U.S.-bound trade |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/09/24/new-york-now-no-1-port-in-us-as-sea-change-in-trade-hits-west-coast.html |access-date=November 7, 2022 |publisher=CNBC}}</ref> Tashoshin jiragen saman yankin sun mayar da tashar ta zama babbar kofa ta ƙasa don zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na ƙasa da ƙasa da kuma cibiyarta mafi yawan zirga-zirgar fasinja da jigilar jiragen sama. Akwai yankuna biyu na kasuwancin waje (FTZ) a cikin tashar jiragen ruwa. == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:PortNewYorkNewJersey.jpg|right|thumb|Hoton NASA na yankin Newark da New York mafi girma, gami da gundumar tashar jiragen ruwa]] === Gundumar tashar jiragen ruwa === Ya ƙunshi yanki mai nisan kusan mil 25 (kilomita 40) na Babban Monument na 'Yanci na Kasa, gundumar tashar jiragen ruwa ta ƙunshi duka ko ɓangaren gundumomi goma sha bakwai a yankin. Taran da ke cikin gundumar sune Hudson, Bergen, Essex, Union (a New Jersey), da gundumomi biyar na New York City, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da gundumomin New York, Bronx, Sarakuna, Queens, da Richmond. Abutting sassan Passaic, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, da Somerset a New Jersey, da Nassau, Westchester, da Rockland a New York suma suna cikin gundumar. === Hanyoyin ruwa === ==== Jikin ruwa ==== Tashar jiragen ruwa ta New York tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa a duniya. Tekun Atlantika yana kudu maso gabashin tashar. Tekun da ke ƙofar tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ana kiranta New York Bight; Ya ta'allaka ne tsakanin mashigin Sandy Hook da Rockaway. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=October 8, 1992 |title=United States Coast Pilot: Atlantic Coast. Cape Cod to Sandy Hook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mBsv2XKa2J0C&dq=shoreline+mileage+port+of+new+york+new+jersey&pg=PA217 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |via=Google Books}}</ref> In Lower New York Bay and its western arm, Raritan Bay, vessels orient themselves for passage to the west into Arthur Kill or Raritan River or to the north to The Narrows. To the east lies the Rockaway Inlet, which leads to Jamaica Bay. The Narrows connects to the Upper New York Bay at the mouth of the Hudson River,<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=October 8, 1992 |title=United States Coast Pilot: Atlantic Coast. Cape Cod to Sandy Hook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mBsv2XKa2J0C&dq=shoreline+mileage+port+of+new+york+new+jersey&pg=PA217 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |via=Google Books}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://books.google.com/books?id=mBsv2XKa2J0C&dq=shoreline+mileage+port+of+new+york+new+jersey&pg=PA217 "United States Coast Pilot: Atlantic Coast. Cape Cod to Sandy Hook"]. U.S. Government Printing Office. October 8, 1992 &#x2013; via Google Books.</cite></ref> which is sometimes (particularly in navigation) called the North River. Large ships are able to navigate upstream to the Port of Albany-Rensselaer. To the west lies Kill van Kull, the strait leading to Newark Bay, fed by the Passaic River and Hackensack River, and the northern entrance of Arthur Kill.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Ana shigar da tashar Gowanus Canal da Tashar Milk daga gabas. Kogin Gabas wani yanki ne mai fadi wanda ke tafiya arewa zuwa Newtown Creek da Kogin Harlem, yana juya gabas a Ƙofar Jahannama kafin buɗewa zuwa Long Island Sound, wanda ke ba da hanyar shiga teku.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> ==== Hanyoyin sadarwa ==== [[Fayil:Deepening_the_Kill_Van_Kull_channel.jpg|left|thumb|Rashin zurfin Kill van Kull <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-11-23 |title=Dredging Today – Dredging Operations to Continue in Kill van Kull (USA) |url=https://www.dredgingtoday.com/2010/11/23/dredging-operations-to-continue-in-kill-van-kull-usa/ |access-date=2012-08-03 |publisher=Dredgingtoday.com}}</ref>]] tashar jiragen ruwa ta kunshi wani hadaddun kusan kilomita 240 (kilomita 386) na tashoshin jigilar kayayyaki, da tashar jiragen ruwa da wuraren tashar jiragen kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Army Corps of Engineers map of channels |url=http://www.nan.usace.army.mil/images/map4.jpg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613224209/http://www.nan.usace.army.mil/images/map4.jpg |archive-date=2011-06-13 |access-date=2010-08-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Controlling Depth Reports and Surveys |url=https://www.nan.usace.army.mil/Missions/Navigation/Controlling-Depth-Reports/ |access-date=2013-03-15 |publisher=United States Army Corps of Engineers (New York District)}}</ref> Yawancin jiragen ruwa suna buƙatar pilotage, kuma manyan jiragen ruwa suna neman taimakon Jirgin ruwa don juyawa mafi kaifi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sandy Hook Pilots Association – Home Page |url=https://www.sandyhookpilots.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060527042615/https://www.sandyhookpilots.com/ |archive-date=May 27, 2006 |website=www.sandyhookpilots.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wertenbaker |first=William |date=September 14, 1968 |title=Reporter at Large |url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/1968/09/14/1968_09_14_135_TNY_CARDS_000292437 |access-date=2011-02-14 |website=The Sandy Hook Pilots |publisher=The New Yorker}}</ref> Ambrose yana jagorantar daga teku zuwa Upper Bay, inda ya zama Anchorage Channel . Tashoshin da ke haɗa su ne Bay Ridge, Red Hook, Buttermilk, Claremont, Port Jersey, Kill Van Kull, Newark Bay, Port Newark, Elizabeth, da Arthur Kill. Anchorages an san su da Stapleton, Bay Ridge da Gravesend.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 24, 1998 |title=Intent To Prepare a Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) for the New York and New Jersey Harbor Navigation Study: Feasibility Phase |url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-1998-03-24/html/98-7621.htm |access-date=2014-08-31 |website=Federal Register Volume 63 |publisher=Government Printing Office}}</ref> Rashin zurfin tashar jiragen ruwa yana da kimanin ƙafa 17 (5 , amma an zurfafa shi tsawon shekaru, zuwa zurfin iko na kimanin ƙafa 24 (7 a cikin 1880. A shekara ta 1891, Babban Tashar Jirgin ya kasance mai zurfi {{Convert|30|ft|m|0}} . Biye da Dokar Koguna da Harbors na 1899 an ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 1.2 na kudade na farko don hawan tashoshi masu zurfi 40 ft (12.2 a Bay Ridge, Red Hook, da Sandy Hook. A shekara ta 1914, Ambrose Channel ya zama babban ƙofar tashar jiragen ruwa, a zurfin ƙafa 40 (12 da faɗin ƙafa 2,000 (600 . A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu an haƙa babban tashar zuwa zurfin mita 45 (14 m) don saukar da manyan jiragen ruwa har zuwa girman Panamax.&nbsp; A cikin 2016, Rundunar Sojojin Injiniyoyi sun kammala aikin zurfafa dala biliyan 2.1, zurfafa tashoshin tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa ƙafa 50 (15 m) don ɗaukar tasoshin kwantena na Post-Panamax, waɗanda za su iya wucewa ta hanyar Faɗaɗɗen Canal na Panama da Suez Canal. Wannan ya kasance tushen damuwar muhalli tare da tashoshi masu haɗa kayan kwantena a Port Newark zuwa Tekun Atlantika. PCBs da sauran gurɓatattun abubuwa suna kwance a cikin bargo kusa da ƙasa. A cikin Yuni 2009 an ba da sanarwar cewa 200,000 cubic yadi na PCBs da aka bushe za a "tsabta" kuma a adana su gaba ɗaya a wurin tsohon filin wasa na Yankee da kuma a Brooklyn Bridge Park.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2012 |title=Thompson: City Dumping Tons of Possibly Toxic Sludge in Parks, Elsewh… |url=http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/2009/06/thompson_city_d.php |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120530202642/http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/2009/06/thompson_city_d.php |archive-date=30 May 2012 |access-date=21 January 2019 |website=archive.is}}</ref> A wurare da yawa an tono ƙasan yashi har zuwa dutse kuma yanzu yana buƙatar fashewa. Kayan aikin toshewa daga nan sai su ɗauki dutsen su jefar da shi. A wani lokaci a cikin 2005, akwai nau'ikan kayan aikin bushewa guda 70 waɗanda ke aiki don zurfafa tashoshi, mafi girman jirgin ruwa na kayan aikin bushewa a ko'ina cikin duniya.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Tashar Hudson ita ce Anchorage Channel kuma tana da zurfin mita 50 a tsakiyar Upper Bay.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Fleet Register |url=https://www.clarksons.net/wfr/dredgers |access-date=21 January 2019 |website=www.clarksons.net}}</ref> An fara aikin maye gurbin manyan ruwa guda biyu tsakanin Brooklyn da Staten Island, wanda zai ba da izinin hako tashar zuwa kusan {{Convert|100|ft|m}} , a watan Afrilun 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 13, 2013 |title=Replacement of Anchorage Channel Water Siphons |url=http://www.nycedc.com/project/replacement-anchorage-channel-water-siphons |access-date=2012-03-15 |publisher=New York City Economic Development Commission}}</ref> Sojojin Sojoji sun ba da shawarar cewa a kiyaye mafi yawan tashoshin jiragen ruwa a zurfin ƙafa 50.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chiefs report |url=http://www.usace.army.mil/Portals/2/docs/civilworks/Chiefs_Report/ny_nj_harbor.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916052051/http://www.usace.army.mil/Portals/2/docs/civilworks/Chiefs_Report/ny_nj_harbor.pdf |archive-date=September 16, 2012 |access-date=2020-05-03 |publisher=www.usace.army.mil}}</ref> An kammala zubar da magudanar ruwa zuwa ƙafa 50 a watan Agustan shekara ta 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2016 |title=NY-NJ port completes 50-foot channel project - JOC.com |url=https://www.joc.com/port-news/us-ports/port-new-york-and-new-jersey/ny-nj-port-completes-50-foot-channel-project_20160902.html,%20/port-news/us-ports/port-new-york-and-new-jersey/ny-nj-port-completes-50-foot-channel-project_20160902.html |access-date=21 January 2019 |website=www.joc.com}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Harbor Deepening – Port Redevelopment – Port of New York and New Jersey – The Port Authority of NY & NJ |url=http://www.panynj.gov/port/harbor-deepening.html |access-date=21 January 2019 |website=www.panynj.gov}}</ref> Tashoshin sun hada da gadoji waɗanda ke iyakance tsawo na jiragen ruwa waɗanda zasu iya amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa. Ginin Verrazzano-Narrows yana da sarari na {{Convert|228|ft|m|1}} a matsakaicin ruwa mai girma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Verrazano-Narrows Bridge (I-278) |url=http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/verrazano-narrows/ |access-date=May 28, 2007}}</ref> Brooklyn Bridge yana da {{Convert|135|ft|m|1}} na sharewa, yayin da Bayonne Bridge ya tashi daga {{Convert|155|ft|m|1}} zuwa {{Convert|215|ft|m|1}} . ==== Jirgin sama ==== [[Fayil:Downtown_Manhattan_From_Aeroplane.jpg|right|thumb|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta New York da New Jersey sun girma daga tashar jiragen ruwa na asali a wurin haɗuwa da Kogin Hudson da Kogin Gabas a Upper New York Bay.]] Matukan jirgin na Sandy Hook matukin jirgi ne masu lasisi da ke tafiya cikin jiragen ruwa, masu jigilar fasinja, dakon kaya, da tankunan ruwa kuma suna da alhakin kewaya manyan jiragen ruwa ta gundumar tashar jiragen ruwa.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=October 8, 1992 |title=United States Coast Pilot: Atlantic Coast. Cape Cod to Sandy Hook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mBsv2XKa2J0C&dq=shoreline+mileage+port+of+new+york+new+jersey&pg=PA217 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |via=Google Books}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://books.google.com/books?id=mBsv2XKa2J0C&dq=shoreline+mileage+port+of+new+york+new+jersey&pg=PA217 "United States Coast Pilot: Atlantic Coast. Cape Cod to Sandy Hook"]. U.S. Government Printing Office. October 8, 1992 &#x2013; via Google Books.</cite></ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 9m015mfole9icv359b1ptp2t6pnqihe 0 121258 820047 739418 2026-04-10T08:58:14Z BnHamid 12586 820047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Beilschmiedia berteroana''''' (itace na kudancin, belloto del sur a cikin Mutanen Espanya) itace mai barazanar ne a cikin iyalin Lauraceae da ke cikin [[Chile]] a 35 zuwa 37 ° S. == Bayyanawa == Zai iya auna 30 m a tsawo da mita daya a diamita. Akwatin madaidaiciya ne kuma reshe, kuma bark din yana da launin toka tare da fissures masu tsayi. Bishiyoyi suna da tsayayya da kuma tsayayya, elliptical zuwa aovate-elliptical, kuma suna da dukkan gefen; suna da kore mai haske a sama kuma suna da glaucous a ƙasa. A saman ne zagaye ko dan kadan emarginated kuma tushe ne dan kadan wedge-shaped. Shafuka suna da kimanin 3-7.5 cm tsawo da 2-4 cm fadi, tare da pubescent pecioles 2-5 mm tsawo. Ana shirya furanni na hermaphrodite a cikin inflorescences kimanin 5-6 cm tsawo. Fure-fure na pedicellate suna da 4-6 mm kuma suna da launin kore-jaune. 'Ya'yan itace mai cin abinci kore ne, globose drupe tare da iri ɗaya, 1.5-2 cm a diamita, tare da ma'ana a saman.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; == Muhalli == Yana girma a tsawo har zuwa 1800 m sama da matakin teku, kuma yana da haƙuri mai ƙanƙara a cikin wannan mafi yawan nau'in wurare masu zafi. Wani takamaiman misali na abin da ya faru yana cikin La Campana National Park na tsakiyar [[Chile]] kuma a cikin Cerro La Campana da ke kusa; a wannan wurin yana da alaƙa da dabino na ruwan inabi na Chile, itace da ke da rarrabawar prehistoric fiye da yanzu. == Amfani da noma == [[Fayil:Belloto_del_sur_fruto.jpg|200x200px|fruit]] 'Ya'yan itace masu cin abinci, tare da dandano mai dadi; na amfani da gida, tare da yiwuwar' ya'yan itaci. Yankin B. berteroana yana da amfani don fata. Sau da yawa ana amfani dashi azaman itace mai ban sha'awa a Chile. Yana fure tsakanin Yuli da Agusta (Kudancin Hemisphere). Ana amfani da furanni ta hanyar gabatar da ƙudan zuma na Turai don samar da zuma mai daɗi sosai. Itacen yana da kyau sosai kuma yana da wuya. Zai iya girma har zuwa Yankin USDA 9b. An dasa itacen kuma an daidaita shi a Spain, amma ba a yawan ganin shi a can.[1] == Dubi kuma == * ''Gomortega keule'' * ''Avellanita bustillosii'' * ''Cryptocarya alba'' * ''Peumus boldus'' == Manazarta == * [Hasiya] An yi amfani da kalmar nan "Echeverría", kuma an yi amfani da ita a lokacin da aka yi amfani da wannan kalmar. 2005. Tsire-tsire masu barazana na Tsakiyar Kudancin Chile. Rarraba, kiyayewa da yaduwa. Buga na farko. Jami'ar Austral ta Chile da Royal Botanical Garden na Edimburgo, Valdivia. 188 shafi na. * C. Michael Hogan (2008) Furen ruwan inabi na Chile: Jubaea chilensis, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121017013207/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=82831 N. Stromberg] * {{Cite web |title=''Beilschmiedia berteroana'' |url=http://www.patagoniaplants.com/products/trees/beilschmiedia-berteroana/detailed-product-flyer.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402035124/http://www.patagoniaplants.com/products/trees/beilschmiedia-berteroana/detailed-product-flyer.html |archive-date=2010-04-02 |access-date=2009-06-27 |website=Patagonian Plants}} * R. Rodríguez, da kuma M. Quezada. 2001. Laurales. A cikin C. Marticorena da R. Rodríguez [eds.], Flora de Chile Vol. 2, shafuffuka 10-19. Jami'ar Concepción, Concepción. == Bayanan layi == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.florachilena.cl/Niv_tax/Angiospermas/Ordenes/Laurales/Lauraceae/Beilschmiedia/B.%20berteroana/Belloto%20del%20Sur.htm ''Beilschmiedia berteroana'' a cikin Enciclopedia de la Flora Chilena] {{Taxonbar|from=Q4881246}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 81ce0kl3iswvirs4qpu59zlna6pdqhh 0 121858 820024 741515 2026-04-10T08:41:21Z BnHamid 12586 820024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Calix Limited kamfani ne na fasaha na Ostiraliya wanda fasaharsa ta asali "wuta" ce da aka gina a Bacchus Marsh wanda ke samar da "sabon zuma na ma'adinai". Fasahar Calix ta haɗa da aiki kan kama CO2 don magance ƙalubalen dorewar duniya a fannoni da dama, ciki har da maganin sharar gida, kiwon kamun kifi, adana makamashi mai zurfi da kuma samar da siminti/lemun tsami. [ana buƙatar ambato] == Kayayyakin == Kayayyakin Calix sun hada da ACTI-Mag, BOOSTER-Mag da AQUA-Cal+. * ACTI-Mag - Gudanar da Ruwa * AQUA-Cal+ - Noma mai ɗorewa, tafkin & gyaran tafkin * BOOSTER-Mag - Kare amfanin gona == Tarihi == Asalin Calix ya fara ne a shekarar 2005, tare da aikin gyaran na'urar walƙiya. A shekarar 2007, an gina cibiyar gwajin na'urar farko don gwada abin da zai yiwu tare da cikakken kamfanin calciner na CFC 850 a Bacchus Marsh a shekarar 2011. A shekarar 2012, Calix ta sami wuraren haƙar ma'adinai a Myrtle Springs, Kudancin Ostiraliya. Tsakanin 2013 da 2017, Calix ta kafa masana'anta a Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya kuma ta sami kyaututtuka da kuɗaɗe da dama don fasahohin da suka ɗorewa, gami da binciken Battery mai zurfi, da aikace-aikacen Noma. Calix ta shiga cikin kasuwar musayar kuɗi ta Australiya (ASX) a shekarar 2018 kuma tare da haɗin gwiwar aikin LEILAC (Ƙananan Fitar da Iskar Gas da Siminti) a Turai, ta fara gina masana'antar gwaji a Lixhe, Belgium. A shekarar 2019, Calix ta mallaki kamfanin Inland Empire Resources da ke Amurka. [ana buƙatar ci gaba] == Shirin LEILAC == Calix babban abokin tarayya ne a, kuma yana ba da mahimmancin fasaha ga, Project LEILAC (Low Emissions Intensity Lime & Cement), a matsayin wani ɓangare na Horizon 2020, shirin da Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LEILAC Technology &#124; Direct Separation of Emissions from Lime & Cement |url=https://www.project-leilac.eu/the-core-technology |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011145550/https://www.project-leilac.eu/the-core-technology |archive-date=11 October 2022 |access-date=28 October 2019}}</ref> == Bayanan kudi == Calix Limited is a listed Australian public company, having listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) in 2018. Prior to its listing, Calix was backed by investors including Och-Ziff Capital Management Group and Washington H Soul Pattinson. Since its foundation in 2005, Calix Limited has to date committed more than $40 million to commercialising its technologies and processes.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} *   * [http://www.&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]Smithsonian.com/science-nature/Building-a-Better-World-With-Green-Cement.html" id="mwQQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Gina Duniya mafi kyau tare da Green Cement, By Michael Rosenwald. Smithsonian, Disamba 2011 == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://www.calix.global/}} * [https://www.leilac.com/ Shirin LEILAC] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] be2ataiu7vixedlbj0l2rj4i27sr64b 0 123547 820041 748848 2026-04-10T08:54:38Z BnHamid 12586 820041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Deborah_Linsley.png|thumb|Deborah Linsley]] A yammacin 23 ga Maris 1988, an kashe '''Deborah Linsley''' a cikin jirgin kasa tsakanin Petts Wood da Landan Victoria tashoshin a Greater London. Kodayake akwai kimanin mutane 70 a cikin jirgin, kuma Linsley a bayyane ya yi yaƙi kuma ya ji wa wanda ya kai mata hari rauni, fasinja ɗaya ne kawai ya ba da rahoton jin wani abu mai tuhuma. Ba a gano mai kisan ba. Shaidar jini da aka adana daga wurin ya ba da damar sake nazarin shari'ar shekaru goma bayan haka ta amfani da fasahar DNA, kuma a cikin 2002 an sake buɗe shi tare da babban kamfen ɗin talla. Ana ba da lada ga 'yan sanda. == Tarihi == An haifi Deborah "Debbie" Ann Linsley a Bromley, Kent, a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1961 ga Arthur da Marguerite Linsley . Mahaifinta ya kasance Mai ba da inshora mai ritaya, kuma Marguerite ta bincika zamba ga Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Jama'a.{{Sfn|Rayner|2003}} A shekara ta 1988, Deborah ta ƙaura kuma tana zaune da aiki a [[Edinburgh]] a matsayin Manajan otal.{{Sfn|BBC News|2013}}{{Sfn|STV|2018}} Ta koma London don halartar karatun gudanar da otal, kuma ta zauna a gidan iyayenta a Bromley. {{Sfn|Tanna|2013}}{{Sfn|Boseley|1988}} Ta kuma ziyarci ɗan'uwanta Gordon, a bikin aurensa a cikin makonni biyu za ta kasance budurwa.{{Sfn|BBC News|2013}} A yammacin ranar Laraba 23 ga watan Maris, {{Sfn|Rayner|2003}} Gordon ya ba Deborah ɗagawa zuwa tashar Petts Wood, {{Sfn|BBC News|2013}} inda ta shiga jirgin Orpington-to-London a karfe 14:16.{{Sfn|Illustrated London News|1988}} Tsakanin tsayawa a kan hanyar zuwa London sune Bickley, Bromley South, Shortlands, Beckenham Junction, Kent House, Penge East, Sydenham Hill, West Dulwich, Herne Hill da Brixton, tare da isowa a Victoria da aka shirya don 14:50 .{{Sfn|Boseley|1988}}{{Sfn|BBC News|2013}} Jirgin ya kasance lambar lantarki mai yawa ta 4EPB 5115 tare da kayan ɗaki {{Sfn|Rayner|2003}} wanda ya ƙunshi cakuda nau'ikan kaya.{{Sfn|NSERS|2016}} Wasu karusai suna da cikakkiyar budewa tare da tsakiya na tsakiya wanda ke gudana da cikakken tsawon kowane karusa; wasu suna da ɗakunan da ba a haɗa su ba da cikakken faɗin da ke zaune goma sha biyu, kowannensu yana da ƙofa a kowane gefe yana buɗewa kai tsaye zuwa waje kuma babu hanyar motsawa daga ɗaki zuwa ɗaki a cikin jirgin.{{Sfn|STV|2018}}{{Sfn|Newcastle Journal|1988}}{{Sfn|BellyTelly|2018}} Jirgin motar na biyu da Linsley ke ciki (lambar 15084) na irin wannan ne, kuma tana iya zabar shi saboda yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan kalilan da aka ba da izinin shan sigari.{{Sfn|The Times|1988c}} Bayan kisan, British Rail ta jaddada cewa jiragen kasa koyaushe suna da aƙalla wasu motocin da ke cikin gangami don ba fasinjoji zaɓi na gangami ko wuraren da ba na gangami ba.{{Sfn|Boseley|1988}} == Mutuwa == [[Fayil:BR_4-EPB_5115.jpg|alt=EPB Train no. 5115, the one which Linsley was killed, seen approaching London Victoria station two years later|right|thumb|Jirgin kasa na British Rail 4EPB na 5115, wanda aka kashe Linsley, a cikin 1990]] A wani lokaci kafin tafiyar ta ƙare, an yi wa Linsley wuka har ya mutu. Ta sami raunuka goma sha ɗaya {{Sfn|Rayner|2003}} a fuska, wuyansa da ciki, {{Sfn|BBC News|2013}} wanda akalla biyar sun kasance a yankin da ke kusa da zuciya.{{Sfn|Tanna|2013}} Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan raunuka shine dalilin mutuwa.{{Sfn|Tanna|2013}} Lokacin da jirgin ya isa Platform 2 a Victoria da karfe 14:50, wani mai ɗaukar Jirgin kasa na Burtaniya (kamar yadda aka saba) ya bincika jirgin.{{Sfn|BellyTelly|2018}}{{Sfn|Tanna|2013}} An rufe bene da wurin zama da jini.{{Sfn|BBC News|2013}} An gano wasu daga cikin wadannan na mai kisan Linsley ne, wanda ya ji rauni a cikin gwagwarmaya.{{Sfn|BBC News|2013}} Linsley tana da raunuka na karewa a hannunta, kuma mai magana da yawun Scotland Yard ya ce tana iya ƙoƙarin kare kanta daga harin jima'i, {{Sfn|BBC News|2013}} kodayake 'yan sanda ba su sami wata shaida ta tsangwama ta jima'i ba.{{Sfn|Sapsted|1988}}{{Sfn|O'Hanlon|1988}} An yi jana'izar Linsley a Cocin Triniti Mai Tsarki, Bromley a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, kuma an binne ta a wani makabartar da ke kusa. An haɗa ƙungiyar tare da 'yan sanda tsakanin coci da makabartar, inda aka binne Deborah Linsley a cikin rigar amarya da za ta sa a bikin auren ɗan'uwanta. {{Sfn|LBC|1988b}}{{Sfn|Tanna|2013}} British Rail ta kasance a hankali tana fitar da motocin irin wannan wanda Linsley ya mutu, kuma a cikin mako guda na kisan ya sanar da cewa adadin da aka yi amfani da shi a kan ayyukan da ba su da yawa - kamar Linsley yana tafiya - za a rage shi don rage damar da fasinjoji ke warewa.{{Sfn|The Guardian|1988}} An zana jan band mai zurfi tare da cantrail na kocin ba tare da ganguna ba don ba da damar fasinjoji su gano su kafin shiga.{{Sfn|NSERS|2016}} [[Fayil:Midland_Railway_composite_carriage_1885.jpg|thumb|Hoton shimfidar ciki na kocin ɗaki ba tare da wata hanya ba]] == Bincike == Babban jami'in bincike na 'yan sanda na Metropolitan, Superintendent Guy Mills, ya bayyana laifin a matsayin "mai zalunci da zalunci".{{Sfn|Boseley|1988}}{{Sfn|BBC News|2013}} Ya nuna cewa saboda ɗakin da Linsley ke tafiya a ciki ba shi da wata hanya, ba ta da hanyar tserewa, "sai dai ta ƙofofin gefe a kan hanya".{{Sfn|Boseley|1988}} Saboda tsananin harin, Mills ya ba da shawarar cewa ba zai yiwu ba ne ya zama na farko na mai kisan.{{Sfn|BBC News|2013}} Takaitaccen lokacin tafiyar Brixton-Victoria - minti shida - ya nuna cewa Linsley na iya sanin mai kai mata hari.{{Sfn|Rayner|2003}}{{Spaced en dash}}{{Spaced en dash}} [[Fayil:Victoria_Station_geograph-4047117-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg|alt=London Victoria station in May 1988|thumb|Gidan gasa Victoria Station (Mayu 1988) da aka gani daga kusa da dandamali 2, inda jirgin Linsley ya isa]] Kodayake kimanin mutane 70 sun shiga kuma sun bar jirgin a lokacin da ya isa Victoria, {{Sfn|Rayner|2003}} kawai mai shaida {{Sfn|BBC News|2013}} ya bayyana cewa shi ne ɗan Faransa mai suna au pair {{Sfn|Rayner|2003}} wanda ya ba da rahoton jin kukan ƙarfi jim kadan bayan jirgin ya tashi daga Brixton.{{Sfn|BBC News|2013}} Abubuwan da ke da sha'awa ga 'yan sanda sune mutane masu zuwa: * Wani fasinja ya bayyana a matsayin "wani ɗan gajeren mutum mai tsayi da aka gani yana tsalle daga jirgin ƙasa" a Victoria.{{Sfn|Newcastle Journal|1988}} * Wani mutum da aka gani yana barin wani sashi na jirgin kasa a Penge East, kafin ya sake shiga, mai yiwuwa a cikin kocin Linsley.{{Sfn|The Times|1988b}} * Wani fasinja da 'yan sanda suka bayyana a matsayin "mutumin da ba shi da kyau tare da gashi mai launin gashi" wanda ya sauka daga jirgin kasa a Penge East. 'Yan sanda sun fitar da Ra'ayi na mai zane game da wannan mutumin.{{Sfn|The Observer|1988}} * Wani mutum da aka gani yana kallon mata da ke shiga jirgin kasa a Orpington.{{Sfn|Boseley|1988}} Ba a sami makamin ba, amma an yi imanin cewa ya kasance inci biyar zuwa bakwai da rabi tare da tsayi mai nauyi.{{Sfn|BBC News|2013}} Binciken 'yan sanda na 1988 ya samar da shaidu 1200; an yi wa mutane 650 tambayoyi kuma an fitar da su.{{Sfn|STV|2018}}{{Sfn|BellyTelly|2018}} An gabatar da shari'ar a cikin shirin sake fasalin aikata laifuka na ''Crimewatch UK'' a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 1988.{{Sfn|The Times|1988d}} An gudanar da bincike a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 1988. Ma'aurata da suka ji harin sun soki Coroner saboda rashin jan igiyar sadarwa, duk da cewa sun yi imanin cewa ana yi wa wani fyade. Ta ce an "manne ta a wurin zama" kuma ta tuntubi 'yan sanda ne kawai bayan ta san cewa kisan kai ya faru. Mai binciken ya nuna cewa, kodayake fasinjoji sun ba da rahoton jin "hargitsi", babu wanda ya bincika. Binciken ya dawo da hukuncin kisan kai ba bisa ka'ida ba.{{Sfn|O'Hanlon|1988}} Dangane da kisan Linsley, Yankin Gabashin British Rail ya umarci masu tsaro da su yi sintiri da jiragen su kuma su kasance masu lura musamman ga mata da ke tafiya kadai. Hakazalika, 'yan sanda sun ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata fasinjoji su kasance masu faɗakarwa a kan hanyar jirgin ƙasa gabaɗaya, amma musamman don "guje wa [karusai] inda kawai hanyar tserewa ta kasance kai tsaye a kan layin ko dandamali".{{Sfn|Newcastle Journal|1988}} === An sake buɗe shari'ar === Mai kisan Linsley ya sami rauni kuma ya bar jini a wurin, wanda aka tattara kuma aka adana shi. Kimiyya ta DNA ta kasance a cikin jariri a cikin 1988, amma tare da ci gaba a cikin fasahar rarraba DNA, an sake buɗe shari'ar a cikin 2002 {{Sfn|BBC News|2013}} kuma an gina cikakken Bayanan DNA daga samfurin.{{Sfn|BBC Newsnight|2009}} An gabatar da shari'ar Linsley a shirin Tonight with Trevor MacDonald wanda aka watsa a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2002.{{Sfn|The Times|2002}} An ba da sabon shari'ar binciken ga sashen binciken shari'ar sanyi na Met, wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 2000.{{Sfn|Rayner|2003}} An kaddamar da kamfen ɗin talla mai zurfi a tashar Victoria, kuma akwai sake nuna laifukan talabijin na lokaci-lokaci.{{Sfn|BBC News|2002}} A cikin 2013 babban jami'in da ke kan shari'ar ya kira shi "mai rikitarwa" cewa DNA na mai kisan Linsley, wanda shine "mai yiwuwa mai aikata laifuka mai maimaitawa" ba a daidaita shi da kowa a cikin bayanan DNA ba.[1] A wannan shekarar, 'yan sanda sun ba da lada na £ 20,000 don bayani wanda ya haifar da kamawa da kuma tabbatar da mai kisan. [1][1] Sabon binciken ya sake nazarin matakan da aka dauka a binciken da ya gabata, gami da gano 'yan uwan Linsley saba'in a wannan rana; 'yan sanda sun ce sun san asalin akalla hamsin daga cikinsu.[1] Iyayen Deborah Linsley sun yi kira sau da yawa a bainar jama'a don taimakon jama'a wajen warware kisan ta.{{Sfn|STV|2018}} Mahaifiyarta ta mutu a shekara ta 2013.{{Sfn|Tanna|2013}} Wani mai bincike ya ba da shawarar kwanan nan cewa ba wai kawai mai kai farmaki ya ji rauni ba kuma mai yiwuwa ya zubar da jini amma mai yiwuwa "ya yi aiki a wata hanya daban bayan kisan", wanda abokai ko dangi na iya lura da shi a lokacin.{{Sfn|Tanna|2013}} == Dubi kuma == * Kisan Marie Wilks - 1988 kisan mata a wayar gaggawa ta babbar Hanyar M50, sau ɗaya an haɗa ta da manema labarai da kisan Linsley * 1988 a Ƙasar Ingila * Laifi a Landan * John Dickman * Jerin kisan da ba a warware su ba a Ƙasar Ingila * Kisan Alison Shaughnessy - wani babban sanannen wuka na mace a London a 1991 Yanayin sanyi na Burtaniya inda aka san DNA na mai laifi: * Kisan Hauwa'u Stratford da Lynne Weedon * Kisan gillar Jacqueline Ansell-Lamb da Barbara Mayo * Kisan Lindsay Rimer * Kisan Lyn Bryant * Kisan Janet Brown * Kisan Linda Cook * Kisan Melanie Hall * Batman fyade, wanda ke ƙarƙashin binciken fyade mafi tsawo a Burtaniya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 44p1t7arb2zv4r3eeyikcfzv80exjxq 0 123651 820031 819453 2026-04-10T08:47:32Z BnHamid 12586 820031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Statue_of_Nurkhon.png|thumb|An cire mutum-mutumi na Nurkhon, wanda ya kasance a cikin filin gari a Margilan, bayan samun 'yancin kai]] '''Nurkhon Yuldashkhojayeva'''{{Efn|also anglicized as Nurkhon Yuldasheva}} (Uzbek: Nurxon Yoʻldoshxoʻjayeva, Нурхон Йўлдошхўжаева; {{Circa|1913}}– 1 July 1929) was one of the first Uzbek actresses and one of the first Uzbek women to dance onstage without a paranja. A rising star in Uzbek theater, her career was cut short in 1929 by an [[Kashewa da girmamawa|honor killing]], and she became a symbol of women’s liberation and resistance to feudalism. == Rayuwa == An haifi Nurkhon a shekara ta 1913 ga dangin Uzbek a Margilan, a yankin Ferghana Valley . An haife ta ne a cikin yanayi mai tsanani da addini sosai, ta fara sanya mayafin tun tana ƙarama kamar sauran 'yan matan Uzbek na lokacin. Koyaya, ta yi sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo, kuma a cikin 1928 ta gudu daga gida don shiga ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Muhitdin Qoriyoqubov, wacce ke zaune a Samarkand a lokacin. Usta Olim Komilov ne ya jagoranci ta, kuma abokan aikinta a can sun hada da mai zane-zane na USSR na gaba Tamara Khanum da kuma mai zane-zanen jama'a na Uzbekistan [[:uz:Gavhar Rahimova|Gavhar Rahimova]] . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ta shiga ƙungiyar, a ranar 8 ga Maris 1928, ita da wani mai rawa sun tafi kan mataki kuma sun cire fuskarsu a fili don bikin [[Ranar mata ta duniya|Ranar Mata ta Duniya]], suna ƙin matsayin zamantakewa da aka ɗora musu. A duk rayuwarta, sau da yawa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na addini suna barazana ga cewa ta saba wa ka'idojin zamantakewa ta hanyar cire mayafin kuma neman aikin wasan kwaikwayo. == Kisan kai == Lokacin da ƙungiyar rawa ta ziyarci garinsu na Margilan a lokacin rani na 1929, ta yanke shawarar ziyartar iyalinta. Ta nuna wa kawunta rawa da waƙoƙin da ta koya, bayan haka kawunta ta gaya mata cewa ɗan'uwanta Salixo'ja yana neman ta. Yana jiran ta da wuka, kuma ya soke ta da zaran ta bayyana. Lokacin da 'yan sanda suka zo, nan da nan ya furta laifin. Ya yarda cewa an shirya kisan ne, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nam |first=Nadezhda |last2=Islamova |first2=Lola |date=16 January 2017 |title=Женщина и свобода в выборе одежды |url=https://anhor.uz/society/zhenshina-i-svoboda-v-vibore-odezhdi |access-date=2019-01-29 |website=Anhor.uz |language=ru}}</ref> bisa ga dagewar mahaifinsu Yo'ldoshxo'ja Salimxo'jaev, ''ming-boshi'' (mai gudanarwa na gida), da mullah Kamal G'iasov, wanda ya sa Salixo'ja ya yi rantsuwa a kan Alkur'ani don kashe ta. Kashegari bayan mutuwarta, an gudanar da babban jana'izar a filin jama'a. Dubban mutane sun halarci bikin tunawa, kuma mata sun zubar da fuskarsu a gaban akwatinta. <ref name=":0" /> An yi wa mahaifinta da ɗan'uwanta shari'a kuma an kashe su saboda rawar da suka taka a kisan, kuma an tura ming-boshi da mullah gudun hijira.<ref name=":1" /> 'Yar'uwarta Begimkhan, wacce ta shiga ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo tare da ita, ta shiga Nurkhon a kan tafiyarsu zuwa Margilan. Shirin shi ne ya kashe ta; duk da haka, ba ta ziyarci iyayenta ba saboda tana fama da zazzabi. Begimkhan ta ci gaba da samun nasara a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo mai suna Alisher Navoi . An buga waka mai tunawa da Nurkhon a cikin jaridar Uzbek "Yosh Leninchi" (Young Leninist) a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 1938. == Kyauta == Bayan mutuwarta hukumomin USSR sun girmama ta a matsayin mai ƙarfin zuciya na Soviet da shahadar, [1] kama da na Tursunoy Saidazimova . An gina wani mutum-mutumi na Nurkhon kuma an sanya shi a Margilan a gaban Gidan Al'adu.[2] An yi ta ne ta hanyar mai zane-zane Valentin Klevantsov a 1967, an kwashe mutum-mutumi a 1993 jim kadan bayan rushewar Jamhuriyar Socialist ta Uzbek a 1991; [3] Abin tunawa ga wata budurwa da ke wakiltar gwagwarmayar samun 'yancin mata an dauke ta da lalata a cikin Uzbekistan bayan Soviet.[4][5][6][7] A cikin birnin Ferghana akwai gidan wasan kwaikwayo wanda har yanzu yana ɗauke da sunanta duk da haka, gidan wasan kwaikwayo na "Nurkhon".[8] Nurkhon ta kasance jarumi na wasan kwaikwayo na Soviet "Nurkhon" na Kamil Yashin wanda ya shahara a tsakiyar karni na 20. An buga waka mai tunawa da Nurkhon Yuldashkhojayeva a cikin jaridar Uzbek "Yosh Leninchi" (Young Leninist) a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 1938. == Dubi kuma == * Tursunoy Saidazimova * Tamara Khanum * [[Kashewa da girmamawa]] * [[Haƙƙoƙin Mata|'Yanci na mata]] * [[Hujum]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1913]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] exes7wthr5mhsyv94aduriz7m8pjs41 820032 820031 2026-04-10T08:47:53Z BnHamid 12586 820032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Statue_of_Nurkhon.png|thumb|An cire mutum-mutumi na Nurkhon, wanda ya kasance a cikin filin gari a Margilan, bayan samun 'yancin kai]] '''Nurkhon Yuldashkhojayeva'''{{Efn|also anglicized as Nurkhon Yuldasheva}} (Uzbek: Nurxon Yoʻldoshxoʻjayeva, Нурхон Йўлдошхўжаева; {{Circa|1913}}– 1 July 1929) was one of the first Uzbek actresses and one of the first Uzbek women to dance onstage without a paranja. A rising star in Uzbek theater, her career was cut short in 1929 by an [[Kashewa da girmamawa|honor killing]], and she became a symbol of women’s liberation and resistance to feudalism. == Rayuwa == An haifi Nurkhon a shekara ta 1913 ga dangin Uzbek a Margilan, a yankin Ferghana Valley . An haife ta ne a cikin yanayi mai tsanani da addini sosai, ta fara sanya mayafin tun tana ƙarama kamar sauran 'yan matan Uzbek na lokacin. Koyaya, ta yi sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo, kuma a cikin 1928 ta gudu daga gida don shiga ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Muhitdin Qoriyoqubov, wacce ke zaune a Samarkand a lokacin. Usta Olim Komilov ne ya jagoranci ta, kuma abokan aikinta a can sun hada da mai zane-zane na USSR na gaba Tamara Khanum da kuma mai zane-zanen jama'a na Uzbekistan [[:uz:Gavhar Rahimova|Gavhar Rahimova]] . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ta shiga ƙungiyar, a ranar 8 ga Maris 1928, ita da wani mai rawa sun tafi kan mataki kuma sun cire fuskarsu a fili don bikin [[Ranar mata ta duniya|Ranar Mata ta Duniya]], suna ƙin matsayin zamantakewa da aka ɗora musu. A duk rayuwarta, sau da yawa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na addini suna barazana ga cewa ta saba wa ka'idojin zamantakewa ta hanyar cire mayafin kuma neman aikin wasan kwaikwayo. == Kisan kai == Lokacin da ƙungiyar rawa ta ziyarci garinsu na Margilan a lokacin rani na 1929, ta yanke shawarar ziyartar iyalinta. Ta nuna wa kawunta rawa da waƙoƙin da ta koya, bayan haka kawunta ta gaya mata cewa ɗan'uwanta Salixo'ja yana neman ta. Yana jiran ta da wuka, kuma ya soke ta da zaran ta bayyana. Lokacin da 'yan sanda suka zo, nan da nan ya furta laifin. Ya yarda cewa an shirya kisan ne, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nam |first=Nadezhda |last2=Islamova |first2=Lola |date=16 January 2017 |title=Женщина и свобода в выборе одежды |url=https://anhor.uz/society/zhenshina-i-svoboda-v-vibore-odezhdi |access-date=2019-01-29 |website=Anhor.uz |language=ru}}</ref> bisa ga dagewar mahaifinsu Yo'ldoshxo'ja Salimxo'jaev, ''ming-boshi'' (mai gudanarwa na gida), da mullah Kamal G'iasov, wanda ya sa Salixo'ja ya yi rantsuwa a kan Alkur'ani don kashe ta. Kashegari bayan mutuwarta, an gudanar da babban jana'izar a filin jama'a. Dubban mutane sun halarci bikin tunawa, kuma mata sun zubar da fuskarsu a gaban akwatinta. <ref name=":0" /> An yi wa mahaifinta da ɗan'uwanta shari'a kuma an kashe su saboda rawar da suka taka a kisan, kuma an tura ming-boshi da mullah gudun hijira.<ref name=":1" /> 'Yar'uwarta Begimkhan, wacce ta shiga ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo tare da ita, ta shiga Nurkhon a kan tafiyarsu zuwa Margilan. Shirin shi ne ya kashe ta; duk da haka, ba ta ziyarci iyayenta ba saboda tana fama da zazzabi. Begimkhan ta ci gaba da samun nasara a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo mai suna Alisher Navoi . An buga waka mai tunawa da Nurkhon a cikin jaridar Uzbek "Yosh Leninchi" (Young Leninist) a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 1938. == Kyauta == Bayan mutuwarta hukumomin USSR sun girmama ta a matsayin mai ƙarfin zuciya na Soviet da shahadar, [1] kama da na Tursunoy Saidazimova . An gina wani mutum-mutumi na Nurkhon kuma an sanya shi a Margilan a gaban Gidan Al'adu.[2] An yi ta ne ta hanyar mai zane-zane Valentin Klevantsov a 1967, an kwashe mutum-mutumi a 1993 jim kadan bayan rushewar Jamhuriyar Socialist ta Uzbek a 1991; [3] Abin tunawa ga wata budurwa da ke wakiltar gwagwarmayar samun 'yancin mata an dauke ta da lalata a cikin Uzbekistan bayan Soviet.[4][5][6][7] A cikin birnin Ferghana akwai gidan wasan kwaikwayo wanda har yanzu yana ɗauke da sunanta duk da haka, gidan wasan kwaikwayo na "Nurkhon".[8] Nurkhon ta kasance jarumi na wasan kwaikwayo na Soviet "Nurkhon" na Kamil Yashin wanda ya shahara a tsakiyar karni na 20. An buga waka mai tunawa da Nurkhon Yuldashkhojayeva a cikin jaridar Uzbek "Yosh Leninchi" (Young Leninist) a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 1938. == Dubi kuma == * Tursunoy Saidazimova * Tamara Khanum * [[Kashewa da girmamawa]] * [[Haƙƙoƙin Mata|'Yanci na mata]] * [[Hujum]] ==Bayanan Kula== {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1913]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] o5dhhl1fmatcv86jr1miwd1ologhw02 0 125126 820053 753429 2026-04-10T09:01:01Z BnHamid 12586 820053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ella sigue de viaje (Ta yi tafiya) littafi ne na biyu da marubucin Mexico Luis Felipe Lomelí ya buga, wanda aka buga a shekara ta 2005. An fi saninsa da gajeren labarin buɗewa mai suna El emigrante (The Emigrant), labarin almara wanda ya ƙunshi kalmomi huɗu kawai "¿Olvida usted algo? -¡Ojalá! " ("Muna manta da wani abu? -Idan kawai!"). == Jigogi == Littafin ya buɗe tare da El emigrante, ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun kuma ana yawan ambaton su na microfictions.[1] An dauke shi mafi ƙanƙanta labarin a cikin harshen Mutanen Espanya.[2] Ana iya ganin labarin a matsayin taƙaitaccen jin daɗin haruffa a cikin sauran labaru goma sha biyu a cikin littafin, ko sun bar ƙauna, kaɗaici ko tashin hankali.[3] Batun waɗannan labarun sun fito ne daga gamuwa da soyayya zuwa zina, tare da masoya da ke neman fadada jima'i a cikin gamuwa na bazuwar, zuwa dangantaka da rashin bege da tashin hankali, kamar wani jami'in 'yan sanda da ya buge matarsa da zalunci bayan ya murkushe zanga-zangar adawa da mulkin kama-karya na Chile, mahaifiyar da ke cin zarafin ɗanta da sauransu.[4] An saita labarun a wurare da yawa daga Birnin New York zuwa Valparaíso . [4] Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman jigogi na littafin shine cewa al'umma mai tashin hankali tana rufe rayuwarmu ta soyayya.[4] == Karɓar baƙi == An karɓi littafin da kyau. Baya ga sha'awar da El emigrante ya tayar, labarin El cielo de Neuquén (The Neuquén Sky) ya lashe kyautar ''Edmundo Valadés'' Latin American Short Story Prize . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dominique Rabaté, Pierre Schoentjes |year=2010 |title=Micro-scopies |url=http://www.revue-critique-de-fixxion-francaise-contemporaine.org/rcffc/article/view/fx01.01/480 |url-status=dead |journal=Revue Critique de Fixxion Française Contemporaine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402113304/http://www.revue-critique-de-fixxion-francaise-contemporaine.org/rcffc/article/view/fx01.01/480 |archive-date=2013-04-02 |access-date=2012-08-01}}</ref> Baya ga sanarwa, kyautar ''Edmundo Valadés'' ta kai dala 50,000 da tafiya zuwa birnin Puebla.<ref>{{cite news |year=2010 |title=Literatura bonsai, Editorial. |url=http://www.librosenred.com/Boletines/boletin118/boletin118.htm |magazine=Boletín Libros en Red |number=118}}</ref> Littafin ya lashe lambar yabo ta San Luis Potosí ta kasa.<ref>{{cite news |year=2005 |title=Escriben cuento más corto que El dinosaurio. |url=http://www2.eluniversal.com.mx/pls/impreso/noticia.html?id_nota=283708&tabla=notas |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120703135332/http://www2.eluniversal.com.mx/pls/impreso/noticia.html?id_nota=283708&tabla=notas |archive-date=2012-07-03 |magazine=El Universal}} </ref> El Emigrante ya yi wahayi zuwa ga aikin shigarwa ''Shin kun manta da wani abu? '' ''- Da fatan!'' ta hanyar mai zane Susana Rodríguez, wanda ke bincika dialectic tsakanin gini da lalacewa a matsayin abin da ya faru wanda ke taimaka mana mu fahimci da karɓar canjin rayuwa kamar yadda ba za a iya gujewa ba. Da yake tattauna taken, mai zane ya lura cewa kalmomi huɗu a cikin labarin Lomelí sun haifar da ra'ayoyi da yawa, gami da waɗanda ke kan batutuwan da ba za ku yi tunani ba. Labarin cikakkiyar taken ne ga aikin, tunda daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin juyin halitta shine ilmantarwa, wanda ya dogara da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.<ref name="Granados2009">{{Cite journal |last=Humberto Granados |date=31 August 2009 |title=Inauguran instalaciones en los jardines de Casa del Lago |url=http://www.dgcs.unam.mx/gacetaweb/2009/090831/gaceta.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Gaceta |publisher=UNAM |page=15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518102420/http://www.dgcs.unam.mx/gacetaweb/2009/090831/gaceta.pdf |archive-date=18 May 2013 |access-date=2012-08-20}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Litattafai]] dek72yz6le0bx1gp59texnqi8my549d 0 126189 820016 756574 2026-04-10T08:36:12Z BnHamid 12586 820016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Wannan cikakken jerin ayyukan kayan aikin kwamfuta ne. == Ayyukan kayan aikin kwamfuta na grid == * BREIN tana amfani da Semantic Web da tsarin wakilai da yawa don gina tsarin grid mai sauƙi da aminci ga kasuwanci, tare da mai da hankali kan injiniyanci da gudanar da dabaru . * A-Ware tana haɓaka wata fasaha mai inganci, mai dorewa, wacce ake tallafawa, wacce za a iya amfani da ita a kasuwanci don samar da damar shiga albarkatun grid cikin sauƙi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Bitcoin Robot: List of Top 10 Crypto Trading Bots 2022 |url=https://www.a-ware-project.eu/ |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=TradingBot |language=en-GB}}</ref> * AsseseGrid yana magance matsalolin da ke tattare da amfani da fasahar grid ta hanyar kawo tsarin kula da haɗari da kimantawa a wannan fanni, wanda ke ba da damar amfani da na'urar sarrafa grid a cikin kasuwanci da al'umma. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 August 2007 |title=Grid technologies risk assessment |url=http://www.assessgrid.eu/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070806033620/http://www.assessgrid.eu/ |archive-date=2007-08-06 |access-date=2022-08-28}}</ref> * Dandalin Haɗin kai – Dandalin kwamfuta mai amfani da tsarin aiki iri-iri na Java wanda aka gina a Jami'ar Tübingen (Jamus) don matsalolin da ba a tsara su yadda ya kamata ba <ref>{{Cite web |title=Overview: Cohesion Platform |url=http://www.cohesion.de/cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130210195216/http://www.cohesion.de/cms |archive-date=2013-02-10 |access-date=2008-02-26}}</ref> * Kayayyakin Gine-gine na Turai (EGI) – Jerin ayyuka da Hukumar Turai ta dauki nauyin gudanarwa wanda ke haɗa cibiyoyi sama da 70 a cikin ƙasashen Turai 27 don samar da tsarin samar da tsarin sadarwa na kwamfuta na kimiyya da yawa don Yankin Bincike na Turai, wanda ke ba masu bincike damar raba albarkatun kwamfuta. * GridCOMP yana samar da wani dandamali na kayan aiki mai inganci don ingantaccen grid mara ganuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GridCOMP – Home |url=http://gridcomp.ercim.org/ |access-date=13 September 2016 |website=ercim.org}}</ref> * GridECON yana ɗaukar ra'ayi mai ma'ana ga mai amfani kuma yana ƙirƙirar mafita ga ƙalubalen grid don haɓaka amfani da grid sosai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Economics of Smart Grid Investments – Financial advice on investments and the latest economic software |url=http://www.gridecon.eu/ |access-date=13 September 2016 |website=gridecon.eu}}</ref> * neuGRID ta haɓaka wani sabon tsarin bincike na lantarki wanda ya dace da masu amfani da yanar gizo wanda ke ba da damar al'ummar kimiyyar jijiyoyi ta Turai su gudanar da bincike da ake buƙata don binciken cututtukan kwakwalwa masu lalacewa, misali, [[cutar Alzheimer]] . * OurGrid yana da nufin samar da fasahar grid wadda masu amfani da ita a yanzu za su iya amfani da ita a yau don magance matsalolin da ake fuskanta a yanzu. Don cimma wannan burin, yana amfani da wani ciniki daban idan aka kwatanta da yawancin ayyukan grid: yana rasa tallafin aikace-aikace na ba bisa ƙa'ida ba don tallafawa aikace-aikacen ayyuka kawai. * ScottNet NCG – Tsarin kwamfuta mai rarrabawa. Kokarin kasuwanci mai zaman kansa wanda ke ci gaba da aiki tun daga 1995. Wannan tsarin yana gudanar da ayyuka da dama ciki har da daidaita bayanai tsakanin rumbun adana bayanai, tsarin babban faifai, da sauran rumbun adana bayanai. Sarrafa ma'amala ta intanet, bincike ta atomatik da dawo da bayanai, nazarin abun ciki, sa ido kan yanar gizo, kwaikwayon mai amfani da aka rubuta da kuma mai canzawa, haɗakar jigilar kaya da cika API, sa ido da nazarin RSS da NNTP, aiwatar da tsaro a ainihin lokaci, da ayyukan madadin/dawowa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2006 |title=Brett L. Scott :. Experienced IT Professional |url=http://www.brettscott.com/NeuralComputing.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324023112/http://www.brettscott.com/NeuralComputing.asp |archive-date=2012-03-24 |access-date=2012-06-18 |publisher=Brettscott.com}}</ref> * Gwaje-gwajen Kasuwanci na BEinGRID a cikin Grid. * Legion – Wani dandamalin kwamfuta na grid da aka haɓaka a Jami'ar Virginia. == Ayyukan ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na ƙididdiga == Waɗannan ayyukan suna ƙoƙarin samar da manyan kayayyakin aikin lissafi na zahiri ga masu bincike don amfani da su: * Gadar 3G Babban kayan aiki mai buɗe tushen aiki tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa daban-daban. * Aikin Berkeley NOW . * Abubuwan da ke cikin Tarin Debian. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Bitcoin Robot: List of Top 10 Crypto Trading Bots 2022 |url=https://www.a-ware-project.eu/ |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=TradingBot |language=en-GB}}</ref> * Cibiyar sadarwa ta kwamfuta ta DiaGrid wacce aka kafa a Jami'ar Purdue. * NESSI-GRID. * OMII-Turai – Wani aiki da Tarayyar Turai ta dauki nauyin gudanarwa wanda aka kafa don samo muhimman kayan aikin software waɗanda zasu iya aiki tare a cikin dandamali daban-daban na tsakiya na grid. * OMII-UK Tana samar da manhaja da tallafi kyauta don samar da makoma mai dorewa ga al'ummar binciken yanar gizo ta Burtaniya. * Buɗaɗɗen Grid na Kimiyya. * Ayyukan Kwamfuta da Sadarwa na SARA a Netherlands. * An haɓaka tsarin ajiya mai rarrabawa don magance matsalar adanawa da raba sakamakon kimiyya ta amfani da tsarin rarrabawa na masu masaukin baki masu sa kai. An dakatar da aikin a shekarar 2011. * Tsarin Lissafi na LHC na Duniya . * Muhalli Mai Tsanani na Kimiyya da Injiniya (XSEDE), wanda a da Teragrid ne. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=XSEDE Home |url=https://www.xsede.org/ |access-date=2014-09-26 |website=XSEDE.org |publisher=XSEDE}}</ref> == Dubi kuma ==   * Jerin ayyukan kwamfuta na masu sa kai * Jerin ayyukan kimiyyar ɗan ƙasa * Jerin ayyukan tattara jama'a * Jerin manhajojin Android kyauta da kuma waɗanda aka buɗe == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Fasaha]] 0ajl66csnuxgj0a5rvanpf9vsupkipt 0 126976 820060 758837 2026-04-10T09:05:07Z BnHamid 12586 820060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Entomologists'_bulletin_BHL47420762.jpg|thumb|Bulletin Masana Ilimin Kwaikwayo a shekarar 1937.]] '''Ƙungiyar Masana Ƙwayoyin Halitta''' ('''AES''') ƙungiya ce [[Birtaniya|ta Burtaniya]] ga mutanen da ke sha'awar kwari. == Tarihi == An kafa ƙungiyar masu ilimin halittar dabbobi ta Amateur Entomologists' Society a shekarar 1935 a matsayin '''ƙungiyar musayar bayanai da musayar bayanai ta Entomological''', domin samar da wani dandali wanda masu [[Entomologists|ilimin halittar dabbobi]] da matasa za su iya musayar bayanai ba kawai ba, har ma da kayan aiki da sauran abubuwa makamantan haka. A shekarar 1937 aka canza sunan ƙungiyar zuwa Ƙungiyar Masana Ilimin Ƙwayoyin Halitta, wadda ba ta canza ba tun daga lokacin. Mujallar AES ta fara bayyana a matsayin [[Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists Society|''The Bulletin'']] a shekarar 1939, kuma a wannan shekarar ne aka buga mujallar farko da ba ta lokaci-lokaci ba, wacce aka rubuta a matsayin " [[Buzuzu|Coleoptera]] Collectioning". Ƙungiyar ta ba da shawara kan batutuwan [[Kare yanayi|kiyaye]] dabbobi marasa kaciya tsawon sama da shekaru 40, kuma an yi ta tuntubar ta kan dokoki kamar Dokar Namun Daji da Ƙauye ta Burtaniya ta 1981, da kuma sake duba Dokar. A shekarar 1989, Bulletin ya zama mujallar da ake bugawa sau biyu a wata maimakon kwata-kwata, kuma yanzu yana da sashen launi da ake canzawa zuwa ''[[Invertebrate Conservation News|Labaran Kare Kare Kare]]'' . Duk da haka, a cikin 1997, AES ta haɗu da Bug Club don kafa [[AES Bug Club]] wanda shine ɓangaren ƙaramin rukuni na al'umma a yau. Bug Club yana da wani mujalla daban da ake bugawa sau biyu a wata, ''[[The Bug Club Magazine|Mujallar Bug Club]]'' . ''Littafin Tarihin Masana Ilimin Halittar Dan Adam da Mujallar Bambanci'' ya zama littafin ƙungiyar Masana Ilimin Halittar Dan Adam ta Amateur a watan Janairun 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-20 |title=Society history - Amateur Entomologists' Society (AES) |url=https://www.amentsoc.org/about/history.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220113737/https://www.amentsoc.org/about/history.html |archive-date=2023-12-20 |access-date=2023-12-20}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Ƙungiyar Entomological Royal * Rayuwar ƙwari * Makon Kwari * Ƙungiyar Xerces == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyi ]] ebieevf9vnwi1pqv5et8semy8velfdp 0 127339 820027 759693 2026-04-10T08:42:51Z BnHamid 12586 820027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Electrolier-MN_State_Capitol_1910.jpg|thumb|Wannan {{Convert|6|ft|m|-diameter}} na'urar lantarki mai lu'ulu'u (chandelier) tana rataye daga saman rufin rotunda na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Minnesota . An fara amfani da winch da hannu wajen saukar da shi kimanin {{Convert|120|ft|m}} zuwa bene don gyarawa, kamar yadda aka gani a hoton kimanin shekara ta 1910.]] [[Fayil:Electrolier-MN_State_Capitol_inside.jpg|thumb|An buɗe ƙofar shiga ta gidan wutar lantarki na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Minnesota don nuna kwararan fitila]] '''Wutar lantarki''' wani abu ne [[Light fixture|mai amfani da hasken lantarki]] wanda ke riƙe da [[Lamp (fixture)|fitilun]] lantarki. A al'ada, kalmar tana nufin wani babban fitilar haske da aka dakatar daga sama, kamar babban [[Pendant light|fitilar da ke da kwan fitila]] mai yawa. Bugu da ƙari, masu gine-gine a Amurka suna amfani da kalmar don nufin [[Street lights|fitilun titi]] na lantarki ko duk wani fitilar waje da aka ɗora a kan sanda ko mizani. Kalmar tana kama da [[chandelier]], wanda daga ciki aka samar da ita. Misalin amfani da kalmar an same ta a cikin waƙar Sir [[John Betjeman]] mai suna "The Metropolitan Railway - Baker Street Station Buffet" daga tarinsa "A Few Late Chrysanthemums" (1954): "Early Electric! Da irin bege mai haske / Men sun samar da wannan '''electrolier''' mai rassa da yawa, / Sun karkatar da lanƙwasa a kusa da igiyar ƙarfe / Kuma suka bar duniyoyin vacuum masu ban sha'awa su rataye a sarari, / Sannan da zukata cike da kayan tarihi masu arziki / Na jan ƙarfe, wanda ƙungiyar Bromsgrove ta doke."<gallery> Fayil:Sheffield_Town_Hall_grand_staircase.jpg|alt=Electrolier in the Grand Staircase of Sheffield Town Hall, England| Na'urar lantarki a Babban Matakala na Sheffield Town Hall, Ingila Fayil:Electrolier-National_FarmersBank-Owatonna-1910.jpg|alt=Electrolier in the National Farmer's Bank of Owatonna, Minnesota Postcard c. 1910| Injin lantarki a Bankin Manoma na Ƙasa na Owatonna, Minnesota Katin Wasiƙa kimanin 1910 Fayil:1894_Electrolier.JPG|alt=1894 bronze electrolier with 45 branches in Pullman Memorial Universalist Church, Albion, NY| Injin lantarki na tagulla na 1894 mai rassa 45 a Cocin Pullman Memorial Universalist, Albion, NY </gallery> == Nassoshi == myn4wx6shnqh6uc63o32rn9c21ghnvw 0 130343 820039 767460 2026-04-10T08:53:43Z BnHamid 12586 820039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ilimin harshen Jafananci a [[Kazakistan|Kazakhstan]] ya samo asali ne daga 1992; Binciken Gidauniyar Japan na 2006 ya nuna malamai 51 suna koyar da yaren ga dalibai 1,569 a cibiyoyi goma sha uku a Kazakhstan; yawan ɗalibai ya karu da kashi 38% idan aka kwatanta da binciken 2003 kuma fiye da sau uku adadin a cikin binciken 1998.<ref name="1998Survey">{{Cite web |date=2004 |title=1998年海外日本語教育機関調査結果: カザフスタン (Results of the 1998 survey of overseas Japanese language educational institutions: Kazakhstan) |url=http://www.jpf.go.jp/j/japan_j/oversea/kunibetsu/1999/kazakhstan.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070623221422/http://www.jpf.go.jp/j/japan_j/oversea/kunibetsu/1999/kazakhstan.html |archive-date=2007-06-23 |access-date=2008-01-14 |publisher=The Japan Foundation}} </ref><ref name="2003Survey">{{Cite web |date=2004 |title=2003年海外日本語教育機関調査結果: カザフスタン (Results of the 2003 survey of overseas Japanese language educational institutions: Kazakhstan) |url=http://www.jpf.go.jp/j/japan_j/oversea/kunibetsu/2004/kazakhstan.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060103195115/http://www.jpf.go.jp/j/japan_j/oversea/kunibetsu/2004/kazakhstan.html |archive-date=January 3, 2006 |access-date=2008-01-14 |publisher=The Japan Foundation}}</ref> Ya zuwa 2024, a cewar Gidauniyar Japan, mutane 581 suna koyon Jafananci a Kazakhstan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.jpf.go.jp/j/project/japanese/survey/area/country/2020/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202215237/https://www.jpf.go.jp/j/project/japanese/survey/area/country/2020/ |archive-date=2023-12-02 |access-date=2023-08-21}}</ref> == Tarihi == Ilimin harshen Jafananci a Kazakhstan ya fara ne a hukumance tare da kafa karatun harshen Jafanci a 1992 a Jami'ar Almaty ta Al-Farabi; Jami'ar Fasaha ta Kasa ta Kazakh, Jami'ar Harkokin Kasashen Duniya ta Kazakh, Jihar Koyarwa ta Kasa ta Kazakhstan, Jami'iyyar Gudanar da Almaty, da sauran jami'o'i biyu a Kazakhstan nan da nan suka biyo baya. An kafa darussan a matakin firamare da sakandare shekaru da yawa bayan haka; makarantu biyu sun fara ba da darussan Jafananci a cikin 1996, sannan wasu uku a cikin 1998 da ƙarin makarantu huɗu bayan 2000. Koyaya, a shekara ta 2003, an dakatar da shirye-shiryen firamare da sakandare guda huɗu saboda rashin ma'aikatan koyarwa, yayin da ƙarin jami'o'i biyu da wata makarantar da ba ta makaranta ba suka fara bayar da darussan yaren Jafananci. Ga dalibai a makarantun firamare da sakandare, azuzuwan yaren Jafananci na iya farawa tun daga shekara ta biyar na ilimi na tilas, yana ci gaba har zuwa shekara ta takwas ko goma sha ɗaya.<ref name="2006Survey">{{Cite web |date=2006 |title=2006年海外日本語教育機関調査結果: カザフスタン (Results of the 2006 survey of overseas Japanese language educational institutions: Kazakhstan) |url=http://www.jpf.go.jp/j/japan_j/oversea/kunibetsu/2006/kazakhstan.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070623221422/http://www.jpf.go.jp/j/japan_j/oversea/kunibetsu/2006/kazakhstan.html |archive-date=2007-06-23 |access-date=2008-01-14 |publisher=The Japan Foundation}} </ref> Ya zuwa shekara ta 2007, Kazakhstan tana da malamai 43 na Jafananci, daga cikinsu takwas masu magana ne na asali. Dalibai da ke karatun Jafananci sun fuskanci matsaloli kamar ƙananan albashi da rashin damar amfani da ƙwarewarsu a cikin ƙwarewar sana'a, wanda ya haifar da iyakoki kan ci gaban sha'awar yaren.<ref name="Sugiura">{{Cite journal |last=Sugiura |first=Chisato |date=2007 |title=カザフスタンにおける日本語教育の現状と課題 (The Current State and Issues of Japanese Language Education in Kazakhstan) |url=http://www.tulips.tsukuba.ac.jp/limedio/dlam/M90/M902494/12.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Current Report on Japanese-language Education Around the Globe |issue=22 |pages=121–128 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929125308/http://www.tulips.tsukuba.ac.jp/limedio/dlam/M90/M902494/12.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-29 |access-date=2007-08-23}}</ref> Yawancin nazarin harshe ba a tallafawa ba daga asali ba, amma ta hanyar wani ɓangare na dala miliyan 95 a cikin taimakon ci gaban hukuma da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Japan ta bayar, da kuma ƙarin taimakon masu zaman kansu.[1] Babu wani tsarin karatun kasa na kasa don karatun Jafananci a ko dai matakin firamare, sakandare, ko sakandare; maimakon haka, cibiyoyin suna tsara nasu tsarin karatun, yawanci tare da taimakon, da kuma amfani da litattafan da aka buga, Cibiyar Japan, wanda kuma gwamnatin Japan ke tallafawa.[2] == Gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun == {| class="wikitable" align="right" |+Masu jarrabawar JLPT a Kazakhstan ! rowspan="2" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" |Birni ! colspan="5" |Bincike ta Mataki |- !L1 !L2 !L3 !L4 !Jimillar |- |2006<ref name="JLPT2006">{{Cite web |date=2006 |title=Japanese Language Proficiency Test 2006: Summary of the Results |url=http://www.jees.or.jp/jlpt/pdf/result_2006_pri.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710005338/http://www.jees.or.jp/jlpt/pdf/result_2006_pri.pdf |archive-date=July 10, 2007 |access-date=2007-08-22 |publisher=Japan Educational Exchanges and Services, [[The Japan Foundation]]}}</ref> |Almaty |50 |98 |135 |91 |374 |- |2005<ref name="JLPT2005">{{Cite web |date=2005 |title=Japanese Language Proficiency Test 2005: Summary of the Results |url=http://www.jees.or.jp/jlpt/pdf/result_2005_pri.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061102040054/http://www.jees.or.jp/jlpt/pdf/result_2005_pri.pdf |archive-date=November 2, 2006 |access-date=2006-12-01 |publisher=Japan Educational Exchanges and Services, The Japan Foundation}}</ref> |Almaty |28 |43 |68 |25 |164 |- |2004<ref name="JLPT2004">{{Cite web |date=2004 |title=Japanese Language Proficiency Test 2003: Summary of the Results |url=http://www.jees.or.jp/jlpt/pdf/result_2004_5.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050827215746/http://www.jees.or.jp/jlpt/pdf/result_2004_5.pdf |archive-date=2005-08-27 |access-date=2006-12-03 |publisher=Japan Educational Exchanges and Services, The Japan Foundation}}</ref> |Almaty |34 |63 |61 |28 |186 |- |2003<ref name="JLPT2003">{{Cite web |date=2003 |title=Japanese Language Proficiency Test 2003: Summary of the Results |url=http://www.jees.or.jp/jlpt/jlpt_result.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040921165029/http://www.jees.or.jp/jlpt/jlpt_result.pdf |archive-date=2004-09-21 |access-date=2006-12-03 |publisher=Japan Educational Exchanges and Services, The Japan Foundation}}</ref> |Almaty |41 |87 |42 |24 |194 |- |} An ba da gwajin ƙwarewar harshen Jafananci a Kazakhstan tun shekara ta 2003, kawai a tsohon babban birnin Almaty. Adadin masu jarrabawa ya fadi kowace shekara a cikin shekaru biyu na farko bayan gabatarwar gwajin, amma a cikin 2006, ƙididdigar su ta ninka fiye da ninki biyu; yawan mutanen da ke yin jarrabawar gabatarwa ta matakin 4 kusan ya ninka sau huɗu. Koyaya, ba a ba da gwajin Kasuwancin Jafananci na JETRO a Kazakhstan ko kuma wata tsohuwar memba ta Tarayyar Soviet ba har zuwa shekara ta 2006. <ref name="JETROStats">{{Cite web |date=2006 |title=13th JLRT (2006): A Summary Report |url=http://www.jetro.go.jp/en/bjt/data/jlrt/pdf/res13report_en.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927192906/http://www.jetro.go.jp/en/bjt/data/jlrt/pdf/res13report_en.pdf |archive-date=September 27, 2007 |access-date=2006-12-01 |publisher=[[Japan External Trade Organization]]}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jafananci a matsayin harshen waje * Ilimi a Kazakhstan * [[Japanese language education in Kyrgyzstan|Ilimin yaren Jafananci a Kyrgyzstan]] * Dangantakar Japan da Kazakhstan == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} fzy0su014x6dxzh17ufeom1qlcryiaa 0 130745 820033 768237 2026-04-10T08:48:27Z BnHamid 12586 820033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Matti Taneli Vanhanen''' (mai suna [ˈmɑtːi ˈʋɑnhɑnen] i; an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 1955) ɗan siyasan Finland ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin [[Firayim Minista na Finland]] daga 2003 zuwa 2010. Ya kuma kasance Shugaban Jam'iyyar Tsakiya a shekara ta 2006. A cikin aikinsa na farko, ya kasance ɗan jarida. Vanhanen ɗan farfesa Tatu Vanhanen ne da Anni Tiihonen .{{IPA|fi|ˈmɑtːi ˈʋɑnhɑnen|pron|Fi-Matti_Vanhanen.ogg}}{{IPA|fi|ˈmɑtːi ˈʋɑnhɑnen|pron|Fi-Matti_Vanhanen.ogg}}{{IPA|fi|ˈmɑtːi ˈʋɑnhɑnen|pron|Fi-Matti_Vanhanen.ogg}} == Ilimi == Vanhanen ta yi karatun [[kimiyyar siyasa]] a Jami'ar Helsinki, ta kammala karatu a matsayin Jagora na [[Kimiyyar zamantakewa|Kimiyya ta Jama'a]] a shekarar 1989. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2008 |title=Yleisen valtio-opin laitos |url=http://www.valt.helsinki.fi/vol/laitos/alumni/index.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100703051031/http://www.valt.helsinki.fi/vol/laitos/alumni/index.htm |archive-date=3 July 2010 |access-date=23 June 2010 |publisher=Valt.helsinki.fi}}</ref> == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1988-0806-010,_LPG_Gierstädt,_Besuch_einer_finnischen_Jugenddelegation.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Vanhanen (na uku daga dama) ya ziyarci GDR a shekarar 1988.]] An zabi Vanhanen a Majalisar dokokin Finland (Eduskunta) a shekarar 1991.[1] A matsayinsa na memba na majalisa yana da sha'awar batutuwan muhalli. Misali, Vanhanen ya yi magana game da gina tashar makamashin nukiliya ta biyar a shekarar 1992, a lokaci guda da yake aiki a kwamitin kamfanin wutar lantarki na Fortum. Ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Muhalli na Majalisar Dokoki daga 1991 zuwa 1995, kuma ya kasance shugaban Babban Kwamitin Majalisar Dokoki 2000-2001. Ya kasance mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar Center Party Parliamentary group 1994-2001, kuma Mataimakin Shugaban jam'iyyar Centre Party 2000-2003. Wani muhimmin batu ga Vanhanen shine Manufofin kasashen waje da tsaro na Finland. A matsayinsa na kwararre a kan [[Tarayyar Turai]] ya kasance memba na Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Mulki ta Tarayyar Tarayyar Duniya . A can ya soki shugaban taron, tsohon shugaban Faransa [[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]], a matsayin mai mulkin mallaka. Vanhanen ya ce <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2008 |title=Yleisen valtio-opin laitos |url=http://www.valt.helsinki.fi/vol/laitos/alumni/index.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100703051031/http://www.valt.helsinki.fi/vol/laitos/alumni/index.htm |archive-date=3 July 2010 |access-date=23 June 2010 |publisher=Valt.helsinki.fi}}</ref> ba shi da sha'awar hadin gwiwar Turai, kuma shi "mai amfani da EU", don haka ana iya ɗaukarsa Masu shakka game da Turai, musamman idan aka kwatanta da wanda ya riga shi mai sha'awar EU [[Paavo Lipponen]]. Vanhanen ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Gidauniyar Matasa daga 1998 zuwa 2003 da kuma mataimakin shugaban daga 1981 zuwa 1997. Masu gabatar da kara sun yi iƙirarin cewa Gidauniyar Matasa ta ba da gudummawa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Memba na Jam'iyyar Tsakiya Antti Kaikkonen na sama da Yuro 90,000 don kamfen dinsa da na sauran 'yan majalisa na Jam'iyya ta Tsakiya, gami da Matti Vanhanen. Masu gabatar da kara sun ce wannan ya saba wa ka'idojin Gidauniyar da dokokin da ke kula da irin waɗannan cibiyoyin. === Ma'aikatar farko ta Vanhanen === Vanhanen ya yi murabus daga Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Mulki a shekara ta 2003 lokacin da ya zama Ministan Tsaro a cikin majalisar Firayim Minista Anneli Jäätteenmäki . Bayan murabus din Jäätteenmäki, an zabi Vanhanen a matsayin Firayim Minista kuma an kafa majalisar ministocinsa ta farko. A matsayinsa na ɗan siyasa, ana ɗaukar Vanhanen a matsayin wani ɓangare na ɓangaren sassaucin ra'ayi na tsohuwar jam'iyyar tsakiya, tare da sauran ministocin jam'iyyar biyu daga Yankin Uusimaa. Gwamnatinsa ta yanke mafi girman harajin kudin shiga na jihar daga 35.5% zuwa 33.5% a 2005 da 32.5% a 2006 (wanda ya haifar da kusan 55% jimlar haraji bayan kananan hukumomi da harajin tsaro). An kuma saukar da harajin kamfanoni zuwa kashi 26% kuma ribar kuɗi zuwa kashi 28% (duka biyu a baya 29%), kodayake a lokaci guda, an sanya rabon kuɗi a wani ɓangare. === Dan takarar shugaban kasa === [[Fayil:World_leaders_at_the_32nd_G8_Summit,_Strelna,_Russia_-_20060716.jpg|right|thumb|Vanhanen bayan Zaben shugaban kasa na Finland na 2006 a taron G8 a Strelna, Rasha. Daga hagu zuwa dama: Roman Prodi, [[Angela Merkel]], [[Tony Blair]], [[Jacques Chirac]], [[Vladimir Putin]], [[George W. Bush]], Junichiro Koizumi, [[Stephen Harper]], Matti Vanhanen da José Manuel Barroso.]] A matsayinsa na dan takarar Jam'iyyar Tsakiya, Vanhanen ya kalubalanci Shugaba Tarja Halonen a zaben Shugaban kasa na Finland na 2006. Ya samu kashi 18.6% na kuri'un, ya zo na uku ga Sauli Niinistö na Jam'iyyar National Coalition Party (24.1%) da Social Democrat da Tarja Halonen mai mulki (46.3%), don haka bai cancanci shiga gasar ba. Vanhanen ya nuna goyon bayansa ga Niinistö a zaben da aka yi da dan takarar abokin hamayyarsa Halonen. == Girmamawa == * Order of the Lion of Finland (1999) <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=1999-12-06 |title=ITSENÄISYYSPÄIVÄ {{!}} Tasavallan presidentin myöntämät kunniamerkit |url=https://www.hs.fi/kotimaa/art-2000003847229.html |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=Helsingin Sanomat |language=fi}}</ref>[[Fayil:FIN_Order_of_the_Lion_of_Finland_5Class_BAR.svg|55x55px|kehyksetön]]{{Flag|Finland}} * , Grand Cross, Order of the White Rose of Finland (2004) <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2004-12-05 |title=Pääministeri Vanhaselle Valkoisen Ruusun suurristi |url=https://www.ts.fi/uutiset/1074011627 |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=[[Turun Sanomat]] |language=fi}}</ref>[[Fayil:FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg|55x55px|kehyksetön]]{{Flag|Finland}} * , aji na farko, Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (2007) <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=president.ee |url=https://president.ee/et/teenetemargid/teenetemarkide-kavalerid/11968-matti-vanhanen |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=president.ee}}</ref>[[Fayil:EST_Order_of_the_Cross_of_Terra_Mariana_-_1st_Class_BAR.svg|55x55px|kehyksetön]]{{Flag|Estonia}} * , Knight Grand Cross tare da Collar, Order of Merit na Jamhuriyar Italiya (2008) <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Presidency of Republic |title=Vanhanen Mr. Matti |url=https://www.quirinale.it/onorificenze/insigniti/297662 |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=Presidency of Republic}}</ref>[[Fayil:ITA_OMRI_2001_GC-GCord_BAR.svg|55x55px|kehyksetön]]{{Flag|Italy}} * , Kwamandan Grand Cross, Order of the Polar Star <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|editor-first2=Launonen}}</ref>[[Fayil:Royal_Order_of_the_Polar_Star_(1748-1975)_-_Commander_Grand_Cross.svg|55x55px|kehyksetön]]{{Flag|Sweden}} * , Babban Gicciye, Order of the Phoenix (Greece) <ref name=":0" />[[Fayil:GRE_Order_of_the_Phoenix_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png|55x55px|kehyksetön]]{{Flag|Greece}} == Dubi kuma == * Keskusta == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hmx5z6ij1trtrs7gyp7qyyr67ande70 0 130792 820050 768340 2026-04-10T08:59:08Z BnHamid 12586 820050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Islamitisch College Amsterdam (ICA)''', <ref>{{cite web |date=12 February 2011 |title=Ondergang van het Islamitisch College Amsterdam (deel 2) - Argos |url=https://www.vpro.nl/speel~POMS_VPRO_156291~ondergang-van-het-islamitisch-college-amsterdam-deel-2-argos~.html |access-date=1 July 2025 |website=vpro.nl |language=nl}}</ref>makarantar sakandare ce ta Islama a Amsterdam, Netherlands. An kafa makarantar ne a shekarar 2001, kuma tana da dalibai 750 a shekarar 2005. A shekarar 2010, Ministan Ilimi ya yanke shawarar daina ba da kudin makarantar kuma a shekarar 2012 makarantar ta yi fatara kuma hukumar ta daina wanzuwa. == Dubi kuma == * Musulunci a Netherlands == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} iwlq9v5mc059lma0spby12vc8ho7nlg 0 131173 819893 769207 2026-04-09T18:28:58Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 819893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Joan Dant''' (1631–1715) 'yar ƙasar Ingila ce mai sayar da kaya . An haife ta a Spitalfields, a Gabashin London, ta auri [[Saƙa|mai saka]] . Bayan mutuwar mijinta da wuri, an tilasta mata ta zama mai sayar da kaya, tana sayar da kaya ga 'yan Quakers a kewayen London. Godiya ga yawan kuɗinta da kuma kyakkyawar fahimtar kasuwanci, ta zama 'yar kasuwa mai arziki, ta bar £9,150 (daidai da kusan £1,807,000 a shekarar 2023) a cikin wasiyyarta lokacin da ta mutu a shekarar 1715. == Rayuwa == [[Fayil:Augsburg_-_Maximilianmuseum_-_Mattes_(23).JPG|right|thumb|Mai sayar da kaya da kayanta]] Akwai ɗan bayani game da rayuwar Dant a farkon rayuwarta. An haife ta a shekara ta 1631, a Spitalfields, a Gabashin London, kuma ta auri [[Saƙa|mai saƙa]] . Bayan rasuwar mijinta da wuri, an tilasta wa Dant ta zama mai sayar da kaya domin ta rayu. Tana ɗauke da kayayyaki a bayanta, ta sayar da kayan sawa, riguna da kuma kayan agaji, galibi a karkarar da ke kewaye da London. Ita mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ce ta Quaker, don haka za ta iya sayarwa ga abokanta. Kasuwancinta ya ƙaru kuma tunda ta ci gaba da yin arziki, Dant tana da isasshen kuɗi don fara cinikin kayayyaki daga ƙasashen waje, ta zama 'yar kasuwa mai nasara. A shekara ta 1711, an gayyace ta ta shiga taron mata na Quakers na wata-wata a Landan. <ref name="WomenFriends">{{Cite journal |last=Edwards |first=L |date=1955 |title=The Women Friends of London: The Two Weeks and Box Meetings (Presidential Address 1954) |journal=The Journal of the Friends' Historical Society |volume=47 |issue=1 |page=21}}</ref> Dant ta rasu a shekara ta 1715, tana da shekaru 84. A lokacin da take yin wasiyyarta, ta kai darajar fiye da £9,000 . Ta ba da wasu daga cikin kuɗaɗen da ta tara ga Taron Shekara-shekara na London na Quakers da kuma waɗanda suka halarci taron, tana mai cewa "Masu kuɗi ne suka same ni kuma ina nufin in bar wa talakawa." {{Rp|46}}<ref name="Fraser" /> Bayan rasuwarta, masu aiwatar da hukuncin sun sanya kudin a £9,150 (daidai da kimanin £1,807,125 a shekarar 2023) . <ref name="Spufford" /> {{Rp|46}}Sun sayar da sauran kayan shagonta na safa na siliki, safar hannu na siliki da siliki danye akan £123.45, farantin azurfa nata akan £16 da sauran kayan gida akan £70 . <ref name="Spufford" /> {{Rp|46}}Dant ya kuma bar kuɗi £2,581, hannun jari £1,000 a wani ma'adinan ma'adinai, saka hannun jari a jiragen ruwa guda biyar na kasuwanci da £4,375 a wasu hannun jari da annuities daban-daban, gami da takardun hannun jari na Kamfanin East India . <ref name="Spufford" /> {{Rp|49}} An binne Dant a makabartar Quaker da ke Bunhill Fields a Landan. == Gado == A cewar ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'', an dauki Dant a matsayin "wani misali mai ban sha'awa na mace mai jari-hujja daga kafin [[Industrial Revolution|Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu]]. " Bayan ta ba da £ 110 ga matalauta da £ 1800 ga kungiyoyin Quaker, ta kafa asusun don taimakawa talakawa Abokai, wanda har yanzu yana ba da tallafi na kasa da £ 2 (daidai da kusan £ 253 a 2023) ga mutane da suka cancanci a 1844.<ref name="ODNB2" /> == Manazarta == 9qoo5rz2czf5jrakljulz4n07keywuv 0 131297 820059 795413 2026-04-10T09:04:45Z BnHamid 12586 820059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Amaryllis croca''''' nau'in crustacean ne a cikin dangin Amaryllididae, kuma James K. Lowry da [[Helen E. Stoddart]] ne suka fara bayyana shi a shekarar 2002. <ref name="afd">{{Cite web |title=Australian Faunal Directory: ''Amaryllis croca'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Amaryllis_croca |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=biodiversity.org.au}}</ref> Nau'in ruwa ne da ake samu a [[Neritic zone|yankin ƙarƙashin teku]] tare da [[Bryozoa|bryozoans]] a kan fuskokin duwatsu da tarin jiragen ruwa a zurfin mita 21-31, <ref name="afd2">{{Cite web |title=Australian Faunal Directory: ''Amaryllis croca'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Amaryllis_croca |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=biodiversity.org.au}}</ref> a bakin teku daga Kudancin Ostiraliya zuwa New South Wales. <ref name="afd2" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} hgxxxwyonxf953bmudib5x9l5hf5e2u 0 132423 820040 772045 2026-04-10T08:54:11Z BnHamid 12586 820040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Reneta Indzhova (Bulgarian; an haife ta a ranar 6 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1953) masanin tattalin arziki ne na Bulgaria wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista mai kulawa da Bulgaria daga 1994 zuwa 1995, wanda Shugaba Zhelyu Zhelev ya nada. Wata 'yar siyasa mai zaman kanta, ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na Bulgaria. <ref>Skard, Torild (2014) "Reneta Indzhova" in ''Women of power - half a century of female presidents and prime ministers worldwide'', Bristol: Policy Press, {{ISBN|978-1-44731-578-0}}</ref> Kafin wannan, ta shugabanci Hukumar Kula da Kasuwanci kuma daga baya, daga 2012 zuwa 2014, ta shugabanci Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙasa. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Reneta Indzhova a ranar 6 ga watan Yulin 1953 a Nova Zagora . Ta yi karatu a jami'a, ta sami digiri na biyu kuma ta zama farfesa a fannin tattalin arzikin siyasa. Ta yi aure kuma ta haifi ɗa, amma daga baya ta sake aure. Ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararren masaniyar kuɗi ga ƙungiyar Democrat Union (UDF) mai sassaucin ra'ayi kuma ta kasance shugabar Hukumar Kula da Kasuwanci ta Bulgaria (1992-1994). === Firayim Minista na wucin gadi na Bulgaria === Shugaba Zhelev, tsohon shugaban UDF, ne ya nada Indzhova, don jagorantar gwamnatin wucin gadi bayan faduwar majalisar Lyuben Berov. A cikin ɗan gajeren lokacin da take ofis ta sami karbuwa saboda ƙoƙarin da take yi na yaki da aikata laifuka. === Matsayi na gaba === A shekara ta 1995 Indzhova ta yi takarar magajin gari na Sofia a matsayin mai zaman kanta, ta kammala ta uku. A shekara ta 2001 ta shiga cikin Zaben shugaban kasa amma ta kasa samun goyon baya mai yawa. A shekara ta 2014 ta bayyana a cikin manyan labarai a karo na farko a cikin sama da shekaru goma. A matsayinta na shugabar Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙasa ta Bulgaria, ta zargi ma'aikatanta biyu kai tsaye da yin matsin siyasa a cikin ma'aikatar.<ref>Skard, Torild (2014) "Reneta Indzhova" in ''Women of power - half a century of female presidents and prime ministers worldwide'', Bristol: Policy Press, {{ISBN|978-1-44731-578-0}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1953]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jo0y3jl0hf1zethgqh290lq6xgbbwl8 0 132873 820068 773026 2026-04-10T09:10:30Z BnHamid 12586 820068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Khvajeh Mohammad Kujuji Tabrizi, wanda aka fi sani da sunansa na Amir Zakariya, ya kasance jami'in Farisa daga dangin Kujuji, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da Safavid shah (sarki) Ismail I (r. 1501-1524) daga 1501 zuwa 1507.{{sfn|Mitchell|2009|pp=28–29, 46}} == Manazarta== {{reflist|2}} == Sources == * {{cite book |title=The Crisis of Kingship in Late Medieval Islam: Persian Emigres and the Making of Ottoman Sovereignty |first=Christopher |last=Markiewicz |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2019 }} * {{cite book | title = The Practice of Politics in Safavid Iran: Power, Religion and Rhetoric | year = 2009 | publisher = I.B.Tauris | location = | editor-last = | editor-first = | last = Mitchell | first = Colin P. | authorlink = | chapter = | pages = 1–304 | isbn = 978-0857715883 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=APcBAwAAQBAJ&q=false}} * {{cite book | title = Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire | year = 2008 | publisher = I.B.Tauris | location = | editor-last = | editor-first = | last = Newman | first = Andrew J. | authorlink = | chapter = | pages = 1–296 | isbn = 978-0857716613 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=KPgBAwAAQBAJ&q=false}} {{s-start}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of Safavid Grand Viziers|Grand Vizier]] of the [[Safavid Empire]]|years=1501–1507}} {{s-aft|after=[[Najm-e Sani]]}} {{s-end}} 7wf60iwswflp0jc8x9ghe9mzz57bwle 0 133580 820026 774437 2026-04-10T08:42:33Z BnHamid 12586 820026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Marios Varvoglis''' (Girkanci; 10 Disamba 1885 - 30 Yuli 1967) ya kasance mawaki ne na Girka. An haifi Varvoglis a birnin Brussels . Ya yi karatun kiɗa a Conservatoire de Paris da Schola Cantorum tare da Leroux, Georges Caussade, d'Indy da sauransu. Ya kasance a Montparnasse, Paris har zuwa 1922 kuma ya ci gaba da dangantaka ta kusa da ƙungiyoyin fasaha waɗanda suka haɗa da Casella, Ravel, Varese da Modigliani, waɗanda zanen su na ƙarshe hoto ne na Varvoglis. Bayan 1920 ya koyar a Conservatory na Athens kuma ya zama mai aiki a matsayin mai sukar kiɗa da mai gudanarwa. An tsananta masa saboda ra'ayoyin siyasa masu sassaucin ra'ayi kuma an ɗaure shi a sansanin fursuna na Burtaniya a lokacin Dekemvriana == Waƙoƙi == [[Fayil:Amedeo_Modigliani_044.jpg|thumb|''Hoton Mario Varvogli'' na Amedeo Modigliani (1919) ]] Waƙoƙin Varvoglis na makarantar ƙasar Girka ne, amma kuma salon Faransanci ya rinjaye shi. Ayyukansa sun hada da: '''Mataki''' * ''St. Barbara'' (1912) * Da yammacin soyayya (1944) * Tsawon rayuwa Messolonghi, don ƙaho da igiyoyi na Turanci (1933) * ''Agamemnon'' (Aeschylus; 1932) * ''Farisawa'' (Aeschylus; 1934) * ''Tsuntsaye'' (Aristophanes; 1942) * ''Medea'' ([[Euriphedes Alcestis|Euripides]]; 1942) * ''Rantsar Matattu'' (Zacharias Papantoniou; 1938) ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rm8t477ad5qkf6nnd3zi767ui3340mt 0 133884 820037 775018 2026-04-10T08:49:57Z BnHamid 12586 820037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zinédine Machach''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1996) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙasa na Faransa wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] na ƙungiyar Botola Pro ta Maroko RS Berkane . == Ayyuka == Machach ya fara aikin matasa tare da SC Air Bel, kafin ya koma AS Cannes na farko kuma tun daga Olympique Marseille . Daga nan sai ya koma Toulouse a shekarar 2014. Ya fara buga wasan [[Ligue 1|Lig 1]] a ranar 23 ga Mayu 2015 a kan OGC Nice . Ya maye gurbin Aleksandar Pešić bayan minti 58.<ref name="soccerway2">{{Cite web |title=Toulouse vs. Nice - 23 May 2015 - Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/05/23/france/ligue-1/toulouse-fc/olympique-gymnaste-club-de-nice-cote-dazur/1687457/ |access-date=2015-05-23 |publisher=soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga watan Yulin 2016, Machach ya shiga Olympique Marseille a kan yarjejeniyar aro na tsawon lokaci tare da zaɓi don saya.<ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2017 |title=Le Sporting Club Air Bel reçoit la visite de Zinédine Machach |url=http://scairbel.com/sporting-club-air-bel-recoit-visite-de-zinedine-machach/ |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=SC Air Bel |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga watan Yulin 2018, Machach ya koma kungiyar Carpi ta Jerin B a kan aro har zuwa 30 ga watan Yunin 2019. <ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2017 |title=Le Sporting Club Air Bel reçoit la visite de Zinédine Machach |url=http://scairbel.com/sporting-club-air-bel-recoit-visite-de-zinedine-machach/ |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=SC Air Bel |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga watan Janairun 2019, Machach ya koma Crotone a kan aro har zuwa 30 ga watan Yunin 2019. <ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2017 |title=Le Sporting Club Air Bel reçoit la visite de Zinédine Machach |url=http://scairbel.com/sporting-club-air-bel-recoit-visite-de-zinedine-machach/ |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=SC Air Bel |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Satumba 2019, ya koma Cosenza a kan aro. A ranar 2 ga Yulin 2022, Machach ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu tare da Ionikos a Girka.<ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2017 |title=Le Sporting Club Air Bel reçoit la visite de Zinédine Machach |url=http://scairbel.com/sporting-club-air-bel-recoit-visite-de-zinedine-machach/ |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=SC Air Bel |language=fr}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2023, Machach ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda tare da Melbourne Victory FC a Ostiraliya.[undefined] Zai fara buga wa Melbourne Victory wasa a ranar 21 ga Oktoba 2023 zai zira kwallaye a minti na 86 don yin wasan 2-0.[undefined] zai zama dan wasa mai mahimmanci ga Melbourne Victory a cikin kakar 2023-24 inda ya zira kwallaye bakwai a wasanni 29.[undefined] Machach ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Melbourne Victory na wasu yanayi biyu.[1] == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haifi Machach a [[Marseille]], [[Faransa]], kuma an haife shi ga mahaifiyar Aljeriya da mahaifin [[Moroko|Maroko]].<ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2017 |title=Le Sporting Club Air Bel reçoit la visite de Zinédine Machach |url=http://scairbel.com/sporting-club-air-bel-recoit-visite-de-zinedine-machach/ |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=SC Air Bel |language=fr}}</ref> Yana da ƙasashen Faransa da Aljeriya.<ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2017 |title=Le Sporting Club Air Bel reçoit la visite de Zinédine Machach |url=http://scairbel.com/sporting-club-air-bel-recoit-visite-de-zinedine-machach/ |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=SC Air Bel |language=fr}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin Kasa ! colspan="2" |Kofin League ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="4" |Toulouse |2014–15 |[[Ligue 1|Lig 1]] |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2015–16 |Lig 1 |16 |1 |1 |0 |4 |0 | colspan="2" | - |21 |1 |- |2017–18 |Lig 1 |4 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |4 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !21 !2 !1 !0 !4 !0 !0 !0 !26 !2 |- |Marseille (rashin aro) |2016–17 |Lig 1 |10 |0 |1 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" | - |12 |1 |- |Marseille B (rashin kuɗi) |2016–17 |Gasar Cin Kofin Faransa Amateur |8 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |8 |0 |- |Napoli |2017–18 |Jerin A |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- |Carpi (rashin kuɗi) |2018–19 |Jerin B |10 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |11 |0 |- |Crotone (rashin aro) |2018–19 |Jerin B |15 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |15 |0 |- |Cosenza (rashin kuɗi) |2019–20 |Jerin B |18 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |18 |1 |- |VVV-Venlo (an ba da rancen) |2020–21 |Rarrabawar Kasuwanci |24 |0 |5 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |29 |0 |- |Honvéd (an ba da rancen) |2021–22 |Nemzeti Bajnokság I |21 |3 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |24 |3 |- |Ionikos |2022–23 |Super League Girka |23 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |24 |2 |- |Nasarar Melbourne |2023–24 |Maza na A-League |29 |7 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |29 |7 |- ! colspan="3" |Adadin aikinsa !179 !15 !12 !0 !5 !1 !0 !0 !196 !16 |} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2mmw8vbvbhctumg4gd3qh8n0f8ks7k4 820038 820037 2026-04-10T08:50:09Z BnHamid 12586 820038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zinédine Machach''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1996) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙasa na Faransa wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] na ƙungiyar Botola Pro ta Maroko RS Berkane . == Ayyuka == Machach ya fara aikin matasa tare da SC Air Bel, kafin ya koma AS Cannes na farko kuma tun daga Olympique Marseille . Daga nan sai ya koma Toulouse a shekarar 2014. Ya fara buga wasan [[Ligue 1|Lig 1]] a ranar 23 ga Mayu 2015 a kan OGC Nice . Ya maye gurbin Aleksandar Pešić bayan minti 58.<ref name="soccerway2">{{Cite web |title=Toulouse vs. Nice - 23 May 2015 - Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/05/23/france/ligue-1/toulouse-fc/olympique-gymnaste-club-de-nice-cote-dazur/1687457/ |access-date=2015-05-23 |publisher=soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga watan Yulin 2016, Machach ya shiga Olympique Marseille a kan yarjejeniyar aro na tsawon lokaci tare da zaɓi don saya.<ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2017 |title=Le Sporting Club Air Bel reçoit la visite de Zinédine Machach |url=http://scairbel.com/sporting-club-air-bel-recoit-visite-de-zinedine-machach/ |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=SC Air Bel |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga watan Yulin 2018, Machach ya koma kungiyar Carpi ta Jerin B a kan aro har zuwa 30 ga watan Yunin 2019. <ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2017 |title=Le Sporting Club Air Bel reçoit la visite de Zinédine Machach |url=http://scairbel.com/sporting-club-air-bel-recoit-visite-de-zinedine-machach/ |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=SC Air Bel |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga watan Janairun 2019, Machach ya koma Crotone a kan aro har zuwa 30 ga watan Yunin 2019. <ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2017 |title=Le Sporting Club Air Bel reçoit la visite de Zinédine Machach |url=http://scairbel.com/sporting-club-air-bel-recoit-visite-de-zinedine-machach/ |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=SC Air Bel |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Satumba 2019, ya koma Cosenza a kan aro. A ranar 2 ga Yulin 2022, Machach ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu tare da Ionikos a Girka.<ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2017 |title=Le Sporting Club Air Bel reçoit la visite de Zinédine Machach |url=http://scairbel.com/sporting-club-air-bel-recoit-visite-de-zinedine-machach/ |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=SC Air Bel |language=fr}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2023, Machach ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda tare da Melbourne Victory FC a Ostiraliya.[undefined] Zai fara buga wa Melbourne Victory wasa a ranar 21 ga Oktoba 2023 zai zira kwallaye a minti na 86 don yin wasan 2-0.[undefined] zai zama dan wasa mai mahimmanci ga Melbourne Victory a cikin kakar 2023-24 inda ya zira kwallaye bakwai a wasanni 29.[undefined] Machach ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Melbourne Victory na wasu yanayi biyu.[1] == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haifi Machach a [[Marseille]], [[Faransa]], kuma an haife shi ga mahaifiyar Aljeriya da mahaifin [[Moroko|Maroko]].<ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2017 |title=Le Sporting Club Air Bel reçoit la visite de Zinédine Machach |url=http://scairbel.com/sporting-club-air-bel-recoit-visite-de-zinedine-machach/ |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=SC Air Bel |language=fr}}</ref> Yana da ƙasashen Faransa da Aljeriya.<ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2017 |title=Le Sporting Club Air Bel reçoit la visite de Zinédine Machach |url=http://scairbel.com/sporting-club-air-bel-recoit-visite-de-zinedine-machach/ |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=SC Air Bel |language=fr}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin Kasa ! colspan="2" |Kofin League ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="4" |Toulouse |2014–15 |[[Ligue 1|Lig 1]] |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2015–16 |Lig 1 |16 |1 |1 |0 |4 |0 | colspan="2" | - |21 |1 |- |2017–18 |Lig 1 |4 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |4 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !21 !2 !1 !0 !4 !0 !0 !0 !26 !2 |- |Marseille (rashin aro) |2016–17 |Lig 1 |10 |0 |1 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" | - |12 |1 |- |Marseille B (rashin kuɗi) |2016–17 |Gasar Cin Kofin Faransa Amateur |8 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |8 |0 |- |Napoli |2017–18 |Jerin A |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- |Carpi (rashin kuɗi) |2018–19 |Jerin B |10 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |11 |0 |- |Crotone (rashin aro) |2018–19 |Jerin B |15 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |15 |0 |- |Cosenza (rashin kuɗi) |2019–20 |Jerin B |18 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |18 |1 |- |VVV-Venlo (an ba da rancen) |2020–21 |Rarrabawar Kasuwanci |24 |0 |5 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |29 |0 |- |Honvéd (an ba da rancen) |2021–22 |Nemzeti Bajnokság I |21 |3 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |24 |3 |- |Ionikos |2022–23 |Super League Girka |23 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |24 |2 |- |Nasarar Melbourne |2023–24 |Maza na A-League |29 |7 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |29 |7 |- ! colspan="3" |Adadin aikinsa !179 !15 !12 !0 !5 !1 !0 !0 !196 !16 |} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 62v2soa559mhgc7zp8ja3zv7wkl6a1j 0 133928 820035 775103 2026-04-10T08:49:18Z BnHamid 12586 820035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Syed Ata-ul-Muhaimin Bukhari''' (1 ga Yulin 1944 - 8 ga Fabrairu 2021) (سید عطاء المہیمن بخاری) masanin Pakistan ne kuma shugaban addini, Shugaban Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam kuma ɗan Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2015 |title=Ataullah Bukhari paid tribute |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/57806-ataullah-bukhari-paid-tribute |access-date=2021-08-24 |website=The News International |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2019 |title=Govt urged to make Pakistan Madina-like state |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/554146-govt-urged-to-make-pakistan-madina-like-state |access-date=2021-08-24 |website=The News International |language=en}}</ref> == Littattafai == Syed Ata-ul-Muhaimin Bukhari ya rubuta littattafai da litattafai da yawa da ke mai da hankali kan koyarwar Islama, akidar Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam, da batutuwan zamani na Muslim ummah. Shahararrun littattafai sun haɗa da: * احرار کا Hack, ''Saƙon Ahrar'' - yana tsara manufa, akidar, da ci gaba da dacewa da Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam. * __hau__ Hanyar ta (Yana da kuma Hakkinmu) - tattaunawa game da imanin Khatm-e-Nubuwwat da ayyukan Musulmai wajen kare shi. * Har ila yau, ka'idojin da ke jagorantar siyasar Islama - suna nazarin ka'idodin da ya kamata su jagorantar shiga siyasa bisa ga koyarwar Islama. * Har ila yau, Gwagwarmayar Musulmai na Ƙasar - wani tarihin sadaukarwa da ƙungiyoyi da Musulmai suka jagoranta a lokacin da kuma bayan mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] 5e1h0gps03lgdif4lfxl7cke5tf8zbq 0 134443 820049 776061 2026-04-10T08:58:51Z BnHamid 12586 820049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kalinikos Kreanga''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 1972) ɗan wasan tennis ne na tebur na Girka (tsohon Romania). <ref name="biography">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=http://www.ittf.com/biography/biography_web_details.asp?Player_ID=104892 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205420/http://www.ittf.com/biography/biography_web_details.asp?Player_ID=104892 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=25 February 2011 |publisher=ITTF}}</ref><ref name="ittf.com">{{Cite web |title=Biography of KREANGA Kalinikos |url=http://www.ittf.com/World_Events/Biography1.asp?Player_ID=173 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110118224524/http://www.ittf.com/World_Events/Biography1.asp?Player_ID=173 |archive-date=18 January 2011 |access-date=25 February 2011 |publisher=ITTF}}</ref> An haife shi a matsayin '''Călin Creangă''', ya zaɓi ya fice daga mulkin Kwaminisanci na Romania yana da shekaru 17 (tare da mahaifinsa) yayin da yake shiga gasar zakarun matasa ta Turai a [[Luksamburg|Luxembourg]] a shekarar 1989.<ref name="cotidianul.ro">{{Cite web |last=Roxana Maha |date=8 July 2005 |title=Creanga a ajuns celebru si bogat din ping-pong |url=http://www.cotidianul.ro/creanga_a_ajuns_celebru_si_bogat_din_ping_pong-630.html |website=Cotidianul.ro |language=ro}}{{Dead link|date=December 2017}}</ref> An haife shi a Bistriţa, [[Romainiya|Romania]], Kreanga ya fara buga wasan tennis na tebur yana da shekara 7. Kocinsa na farko shi ne Gheorghe Bozga, wanda daga baya zai gano Mihaela Steff. Yayinda yake a Luxembourg, ya sami tayin yin wasa a Girka, don haka ya yanke shawarar komawa can. Da yake ƙarami ne, da sauri ya sami ɗan ƙasar Girka, kuma ya canza sunansa zuwa Kalinikos Kreanga . Ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan tennis na Turai tun farkon shekarun 1990, kuma yana amfani da hannun shakehand don riƙe racket. Makaman da ya fi so sun zama kamar suna gaba da karfi sosai. An dauki samansa a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi muni a tarihin wasan, ba a iyakance shi da dabarar da ba ta dace ba. A shekara ta 2004 ya kai No 7 a cikin Rankings na Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ITTF - World Ranking - KREANGA Kalinikos |url=https://ranking.ittf.com/#/players/profile/104892/stats |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=ranking.ittf.com}}</ref> == Tarihin ƙungiyar == * A.C. Zografou (Greece) (har zuwa 1995) * Finower TTC (1995/96; 2. Bundesliga, [[Jamus]]) * Royal Villette Charleroi, ([[Beljik|Belgium]]), tun 1996) * TTC Weinheim (2.BL, Jamus) * TTF Ochsenhausen (Jamus) * Montpellier TT ([[Faransa]]) * Hennebont (Faransa) == Sakamakon == Medal na tagulla a gasar hadin gwiwa a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya, Chiba City, 1991.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ITTF - World Ranking - KREANGA Kalinikos |url=https://ranking.ittf.com/#/players/profile/104892/stats |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=ranking.ittf.com}}</ref> Ya lashe Gasar Zakarun Turai a cikin ninki biyu (1992) da kuma ninki biyu na maza (1994). Wanda ya zo na biyu a cikin maza (2002). Medal na tagulla a gasar zakarun duniya, [[Faris|Paris]], 2003.<ref name="ttm">{{Cite web |title=Kalinikos Kreanga, the Irrepressible Greek |url=http://www.tabletennismaster.com/kalinikos-kreanga.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214024640/http://www.tabletennismaster.com/kalinikos-kreanga.html |archive-date=14 February 2012 |access-date=25 February 2011 |website=TableTennisMaster.com}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin masu fice na Gabas == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] c2se39l4witiosqqdpccblcpfukutwg 0 134474 820014 776114 2026-04-10T08:34:41Z BnHamid 12586 820014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mahtab Ali Deobandi''' (ya mutu 1293 AH / 1877 AZ) masanin musulmi ne na Indiya kuma ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Darul Uloom Deoband . Ya kasance memba na majalisa ta farko (Majlis-e-Shura) kuma ya shiga cikin kafa ta da kuma farkon ci gaba. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Mahtab Ali Deobandi shi ne ɗan fari na Sheikh Fath Ali na Deoband . Yayansa, Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi, ya kasance daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Darul Uloom Deoband . <ref name="Khalili">{{Cite book|last3=Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi}}</ref> Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Delhi (wanda aka sani da Kwalejin Larabci ta Delhi), inda ya kasance dalibi na Mamluk Ali Nanautawi da Sadruddin Khan Azurda Dehlawi . <ref name="Adrawi">{{Cite book|last3=Asir Adrawi}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya koma Deoband. Da yake ya fito ne daga iyali mai wadata, bai dauki aiki ba amma a maimakon haka ya fara koyarwa a cikin gida.{{Sfn|Adrawi|2012}} == Ayyuka == Ali ya koyar da Larabci a cikin madrasa da ke cikin gidan baƙi (''baithak'') na Sheikh Karamat Husain, sanannen yankin Deoband. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=al-Bastavi |first=Mi'raj Ahmad |date=July–September 2023 |title=شيخ الهند محمود حسن الديوبندي وجهوده في إعلاء كلمة الله |trans-title=Shaikh al-Hind Mahmud Hasan Deobandi and His Efforts in Exalting the Word of Allah |url=https://www.aqlamalhind.com/?p=2881 |journal=Aqlam Alhind |language=ar |volume=8 |issue=3 |access-date=2025-09-20}}</ref>{{Sfn|Rizwi|1972}} Daga cikin ɗalibansa a wannan madrasa akwai Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi, wanda daga baya ya kafa Darul Uloom Deoband, da Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi . Ya kasance kusan shekaru goma sha ɗaya da Nanautawi. Sauran ɗalibai na farko sun haɗa da Nihal Ahmad, ɗaya daga cikin magoya bayan Darul Uloom na farko.{{Sfn|Adrawi|2012}} === Matsayi a cikin Darul Uloom Deoband === Lokacin da ra'ayin kafa Darul Uloom Deoband ya fito a 1866, Sayyid Muhammad Abid ya fara tuntubar Mahtab Ali don shawara da gudummawar kudi. Ali na ɗaya daga cikin masu ba da gudummawa na farko ga aikin, yana ba da guddina ta biyu bayan Sayyid Muhammad Abid. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=al-Bastavi |first=Mi'raj Ahmad |date=July–September 2023 |title=شيخ الهند محمود حسن الديوبندي وجهوده في إعلاء كلمة الله |trans-title=Shaikh al-Hind Mahmud Hasan Deobandi and His Efforts in Exalting the Word of Allah |url=https://www.aqlamalhind.com/?p=2881 |journal=Aqlam Alhind |language=ar |volume=8 |issue=3 |access-date=2025-09-20}}</ref> {{Sfn|Rizwi|1972}} A cewar Syed Mehboob Rizwi da Asir Adrawi, Sayyid Muhammad Abid ne ya ba da gudummawa ta farko ga makarantar sakandare, sannan Mahtab Ali ya biyo baya.{{Sfn|Rizwi|1972}}{{Sfn|Adrawi|2012}} An yi kira ga jama'a na farko don kudade daga baya a ranar 19 Muharram 1283 AH (1866 AZ), inda sunansa ya bayyana bayan na Sayyid Muhammad da Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi.{{Sfn|Khalili Qasmi|2020}} Ali ya zama memba na kafa Majlis-e-Shura (gwamnatin mulki) na Darul Uloom kuma ya yi aiki daga 1283 AH (1866) har zuwa kimanin 1304 AH (1887). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=al-Bastavi |first=Mi'raj Ahmad |date=July–September 2023 |title=شيخ الهند محمود حسن الديوبندي وجهوده في إعلاء كلمة الله |trans-title=Shaikh al-Hind Mahmud Hasan Deobandi and His Efforts in Exalting the Word of Allah |url=https://www.aqlamalhind.com/?p=2881 |journal=Aqlam Alhind |language=ar |volume=8 |issue=3 |access-date=2025-09-20}}</ref>{{Sfn|Khalili Qasmi|2020}} Sau da yawa yakan jarraba dalibai a lokacin jarrabawar shekara-shekara ta seminary.{{Sfn|Rizwi|1972}} === Dalibai === Ali ya koyar da mutane da yawa waɗanda daga baya suka taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ilimin Islama. Daga cikinsu akwai: * Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi - ya yi nazarin rubutun Larabci na farko tare da shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=al-Bastavi |first=Mi'raj Ahmad |date=July–September 2023 |title=شيخ الهند محمود حسن الديوبندي وجهوده في إعلاء كلمة الله |trans-title=Shaikh al-Hind Mahmud Hasan Deobandi and His Efforts in Exalting the Word of Allah |url=https://www.aqlamalhind.com/?p=2881 |journal=Aqlam Alhind |language=ar |volume=8 |issue=3 |access-date=2025-09-20}}</ref> * Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi - ƙanensa kuma mahaifin Mahmud Hasan Deobandi . {{Sfn|Adrawi|2012}} * Mahmud Hasan Deobandi ya amfana kai tsaye, kamar yadda Ali ya kasance kawunsa kuma malamin mahaifinsa.<ref name="Asghar">{{Cite book|last3=Asghar Hussain Deobandi}}</ref> == Mutuwa == A cewar Syed Mehboob Rizwi, Ali ya mutu a 1293 AH (1877 AZ). {{Sfn|Rizwi|1972}}{{Sfn|Ahmed|Badshah|2021}} Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi ya rubuta membobinsa na majalisa har zuwa 1304 AH (1887 AZ). Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi, bayan sulhunta waɗannan rahotanni, ya ba da shawarar cewa 1304 AH shine mafi kusantar shekarar mutuwarsa.{{Sfn|Khalili Qasmi|2020}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 0y8nsv9smzaou7m2cksr6gkxzmo4jlo 0 134889 820043 776895 2026-04-10T08:55:38Z BnHamid 12586 820043 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Natan Sharansky''' (Ibraniyawa: נתן שרנסקי; an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1948) ɗan siyasan Isra'ila ne, kwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa kuma marubuci.{{Efn|{{langx|he|נתן שרנסקי}}; {{langx|ru|Натан Щаранский}}; {{langx|uk|Натан Щаранський}}}}{{Efn|Born '''Anatoly Borisovich Shcharansky''' ({{langx|ru|Анатолий Борисович Щаранский}}; {{langx|uk|Анатолій Борисович Щаранський}})}} Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Zartarwa na Hukumar Yahudawa daga Yuni 2009 zuwa Agusta 2018, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Leadership, Board & Staff |url=http://www.jewishagency.org/leadership |access-date=2014-02-08 |publisher=The Jewish Agency for Israel}}</ref> kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Shugaba na Cibiyar Nazarin Antisemitism da Manufofin Duniya (ISGAP), ƙungiyar Amurka da ba ta jam'iyya ba. Tsohon Mai adawa da Soviet, ya shafe shekaru tara a kurkuku a matsayin mai ki amincewa a cikin shekarun 1970 da 1980. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Sharansky a cikin iyalin Yahudawa a ranar (1948-01-20) 20 ga Janairun 1948 a garin [[Donetsk|Stalino]], Jamhuriyar Socialist Soviet ta Ukraine (yanzu Donetsk, Ukraine) a cikin [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] . Mahaifinsa, Boris Shcharansky, ɗan jarida ne daga asalin Zionist wanda ya yi aiki a wata mujallar masana'antu, ya mutu a 1980, kafin a saki Natan. Mahaifiyarsa, Ida Milgrom, ta ziyarce shi a kurkuku kuma ta yi yaƙi na shekaru tara don sakin ɗanta daga kurkukun Soviet da sansanonin aiki tare da matarsa.[1] An ba ta izinin bin ɗanta zuwa Isra'ila watanni shida bayan ya bar Tarayyar Soviet. Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta lissafi da lissafi No.17 a Donetsk . Yayinda yake yaro, ya kasance mai ban mamaki na wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. Ya yi aiki a lokaci guda da kuma nune-nunen rufe idanu, yawanci akan manya. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 15, ya lashe gasar a kasarsa ta Donetsk.[1] Sharansky ta kammala karatu tare da digiri a fannin lissafi daga Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Moscow. Lokacin da aka tsare shi a kurkuku, ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya ci gaba da hankalinsa ta hanyar yin wasan Chess da kansa a zuciyarsa. Sharansky ya doke zakaran duniya Garry Kasparov a cikin baje kolin lokaci guda a Isra'ila a shekarar 1996. [1][2] Bayan Sharansky ya kammala karatu daga jami'a, ya fara aiki a dakin bincike na sirri. Sharansky ya zauna kusa da Sokolniki Park, a Kolodezniy Pereulok a Moscow. A lokacinsa na hutu, Sharansky zai horar da matasa 'yan wasan chess a sanannen kulob din chess a wurin shakatawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leadership, Board & Staff |url=http://www.jewishagency.org/leadership |access-date=2014-02-08 |publisher=The Jewish Agency for Israel}}</ref> Ya ɗauki sunan Ibrananci na yanzu a 1986 lokacin da aka sake shi daga kurkuku na Soviet a matsayin wani ɓangare na musayar fursunoni kuma ya sami fasfo na Isra'ila tare da sabon sunansa.<ref name="mcd">{{Cite journal |last=Desch, Michael |date=28 March 2005 |title=Sharansky's double standard |url=http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/sharanskys-double-standard/ |journal=[[The American Conservative]]}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Natan (Anatoly) Sharansky |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/sharansky.html |access-date=2014-02-08 |publisher=Jewish Virtual Library}}</ref> Natan Sharansky ya auri Avital Sharansky kuma yana da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Rachel da Hannah . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Natan (Anatoly) Sharansky |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/sharansky.html |access-date=2014-02-08 |publisher=Jewish Virtual Library}}</ref> A cikin Tarayyar Soviet, hukumomi sun ki amincewa da bukatarsa ta auri Avital. Sun yi aure a gidan aboki, a cikin wani bikin da gwamnati ba ta amince da shi ba, kamar yadda [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|USSR]] kawai ta amince da auren farar hula ba auren addini ba. == Kamawa da ɗaurin kurkuku == An hana Sharansky izinin fita zuwa Isra'ila a shekarar 1973. Dalilin da aka ba shi don hana visa shi ne cewa an ba shi damar, a wani lokaci a cikin aikinsa, ga bayanai masu mahimmanci ga tsaron kasa na Soviet kuma yanzu ba za a iya barin shi ya tafi ba. Bayan ya zama mai ƙin yarda, Sharansky ya zama mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam, yana aiki a matsayin mai fassara ga mai adawa da Masanin kimiyyar nukiliya Andrei Sakharov, kuma mai magana da yawun Ƙungiyar Moscow Helsinki kuma jagora ga haƙƙin ''masu ƙin yarda''. A ranar 15 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1977 KGB ta kama Sharansky, wanda Yuri Andropov ke jagoranta, a kan tuhume-tuhume da yawa, gami da cin amana da leken asiri ga Amurkawa da yawa. Wannan zargi ya bayyana cewa ya wuce zuwa Yammacin jerin sunayen sama da 1,300 masu ƙi, da yawa daga cikinsu an hana su biza ta fita saboda ilimin da suke da shi game da asirin jihar, wanda ya haifar da bugawa ta Robert C. Toth, "Russ Indirectly Reveal 'State Secrets': Clues in Denials of Jewish Visas". babban cin amana ya ɗauki hukuncin kisa. A shekara mai zuwa, a shekara ta 1978, an yanke masa hukuncin shekaru 13 na aiki na tilas. ==Bayanan Kula== {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2mqrfbus2sczwxvqswgkrs8tcwirnok 820044 820043 2026-04-10T08:55:47Z BnHamid 12586 820044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Natan Sharansky''' (Ibraniyawa: נתן שרנסקי; an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1948) ɗan siyasan Isra'ila ne, kwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa kuma marubuci.{{Efn|{{langx|he|נתן שרנסקי}}; {{langx|ru|Натан Щаранский}}; {{langx|uk|Натан Щаранський}}}}{{Efn|Born '''Anatoly Borisovich Shcharansky''' ({{langx|ru|Анатолий Борисович Щаранский}}; {{langx|uk|Анатолій Борисович Щаранський}})}} Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Zartarwa na Hukumar Yahudawa daga Yuni 2009 zuwa Agusta 2018, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Leadership, Board & Staff |url=http://www.jewishagency.org/leadership |access-date=2014-02-08 |publisher=The Jewish Agency for Israel}}</ref> kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Shugaba na Cibiyar Nazarin Antisemitism da Manufofin Duniya (ISGAP), ƙungiyar Amurka da ba ta jam'iyya ba. Tsohon Mai adawa da Soviet, ya shafe shekaru tara a kurkuku a matsayin mai ki amincewa a cikin shekarun 1970 da 1980. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Sharansky a cikin iyalin Yahudawa a ranar (1948-01-20) 20 ga Janairun 1948 a garin [[Donetsk|Stalino]], Jamhuriyar Socialist Soviet ta Ukraine (yanzu Donetsk, Ukraine) a cikin [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] . Mahaifinsa, Boris Shcharansky, ɗan jarida ne daga asalin Zionist wanda ya yi aiki a wata mujallar masana'antu, ya mutu a 1980, kafin a saki Natan. Mahaifiyarsa, Ida Milgrom, ta ziyarce shi a kurkuku kuma ta yi yaƙi na shekaru tara don sakin ɗanta daga kurkukun Soviet da sansanonin aiki tare da matarsa.[1] An ba ta izinin bin ɗanta zuwa Isra'ila watanni shida bayan ya bar Tarayyar Soviet. Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta lissafi da lissafi No.17 a Donetsk . Yayinda yake yaro, ya kasance mai ban mamaki na wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. Ya yi aiki a lokaci guda da kuma nune-nunen rufe idanu, yawanci akan manya. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 15, ya lashe gasar a kasarsa ta Donetsk.[1] Sharansky ta kammala karatu tare da digiri a fannin lissafi daga Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Moscow. Lokacin da aka tsare shi a kurkuku, ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya ci gaba da hankalinsa ta hanyar yin wasan Chess da kansa a zuciyarsa. Sharansky ya doke zakaran duniya Garry Kasparov a cikin baje kolin lokaci guda a Isra'ila a shekarar 1996. [1][2] Bayan Sharansky ya kammala karatu daga jami'a, ya fara aiki a dakin bincike na sirri. Sharansky ya zauna kusa da Sokolniki Park, a Kolodezniy Pereulok a Moscow. A lokacinsa na hutu, Sharansky zai horar da matasa 'yan wasan chess a sanannen kulob din chess a wurin shakatawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leadership, Board & Staff |url=http://www.jewishagency.org/leadership |access-date=2014-02-08 |publisher=The Jewish Agency for Israel}}</ref> Ya ɗauki sunan Ibrananci na yanzu a 1986 lokacin da aka sake shi daga kurkuku na Soviet a matsayin wani ɓangare na musayar fursunoni kuma ya sami fasfo na Isra'ila tare da sabon sunansa.<ref name="mcd">{{Cite journal |last=Desch, Michael |date=28 March 2005 |title=Sharansky's double standard |url=http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/sharanskys-double-standard/ |journal=[[The American Conservative]]}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Natan (Anatoly) Sharansky |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/sharansky.html |access-date=2014-02-08 |publisher=Jewish Virtual Library}}</ref> Natan Sharansky ya auri Avital Sharansky kuma yana da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Rachel da Hannah . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Natan (Anatoly) Sharansky |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/sharansky.html |access-date=2014-02-08 |publisher=Jewish Virtual Library}}</ref> A cikin Tarayyar Soviet, hukumomi sun ki amincewa da bukatarsa ta auri Avital. Sun yi aure a gidan aboki, a cikin wani bikin da gwamnati ba ta amince da shi ba, kamar yadda [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|USSR]] kawai ta amince da auren farar hula ba auren addini ba. == Kamawa da ɗaurin kurkuku == An hana Sharansky izinin fita zuwa Isra'ila a shekarar 1973. Dalilin da aka ba shi don hana visa shi ne cewa an ba shi damar, a wani lokaci a cikin aikinsa, ga bayanai masu mahimmanci ga tsaron kasa na Soviet kuma yanzu ba za a iya barin shi ya tafi ba. Bayan ya zama mai ƙin yarda, Sharansky ya zama mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam, yana aiki a matsayin mai fassara ga mai adawa da Masanin kimiyyar nukiliya Andrei Sakharov, kuma mai magana da yawun Ƙungiyar Moscow Helsinki kuma jagora ga haƙƙin ''masu ƙin yarda''. A ranar 15 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1977 KGB ta kama Sharansky, wanda Yuri Andropov ke jagoranta, a kan tuhume-tuhume da yawa, gami da cin amana da leken asiri ga Amurkawa da yawa. Wannan zargi ya bayyana cewa ya wuce zuwa Yammacin jerin sunayen sama da 1,300 masu ƙi, da yawa daga cikinsu an hana su biza ta fita saboda ilimin da suke da shi game da asirin jihar, wanda ya haifar da bugawa ta Robert C. Toth, "Russ Indirectly Reveal 'State Secrets': Clues in Denials of Jewish Visas". babban cin amana ya ɗauki hukuncin kisa. A shekara mai zuwa, a shekara ta 1978, an yanke masa hukuncin shekaru 13 na aiki na tilas. ==Bayanan Kula== {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dkjhx70bvcwmuhqylr4htnmede4lmpd 0 134930 820054 776998 2026-04-10T09:01:21Z BnHamid 12586 820054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jiang Yanyong''' (4 ga Oktoba 1931 - 11 ga Maris 2023) likita ne ɗan ƙasar Sin wanda ya yi shelar ɓoye cutar da ta shafi numfashi mai tsanani (SARS) a babban yankin ƙasar Sin. An haife shi a cikin dangin Zhejiang Xingye Bank, Jiang shi ne babban likitan Asibitin 301 da ke Beijing kuma babban memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta ƙasar Sin . Jiang yana fuskantar daurin talala a gida lokaci-lokaci saboda rawar da ya taka wajen fallasa ɓarkewar annobar SARS. [1] A cewar wani rahoto a jaridar The New York Times, an nuna Jiang a matsayin mummunan abin koyi a cikin littattafan ilimi na kasar Sin, saboda "lalata muradun al'umma". == Ilimi == Jiang ya halarci Jami'ar Yenching . <ref name="award 2004">{{Cite web |date=August 31, 2004 |title=The 2004 Ramon Magsaysay Awardee for Public Service |url=http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationJiangYan.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614083317/http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationJiangYan.htm |archive-date=June 14, 2007 |access-date=2013-05-03 |publisher=Ramon Magsaysay Foundation}}</ref> Ya zaɓi aikin likitanci bayan ya ga wata goggo ta mutu sakamakon [[tarin fuka]] . A shekarar 1952, ya shiga Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Peking Union . <ref name="award 2004" /> == Sana'a == Jiang ya shiga Rundunar 'Yantar da Jama'a a shekarar 1954 kuma an tura shi Asibitin 301 (Babban Asibitin PLA) da ke Beijing. A shekarar 1987, an nada Jiang a matsayin babban likitan tiyata na asibitin. <ref name="award 2004">{{Cite web |date=August 31, 2004 |title=The 2004 Ramon Magsaysay Awardee for Public Service |url=http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationJiangYan.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614083317/http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationJiangYan.htm |archive-date=June 14, 2007 |access-date=2013-05-03 |publisher=Ramon Magsaysay Foundation}}</ref> Ya riƙe matsayin soja na daidai da Manjo Janar na Amurka. A watan Yunin 1989, Jiang ya shaida sakamakon raunin da aka samu a kan ɗaliban a lokacin zanga-zangar Tiananmen Square da kisan kiyashi a shekarar 1989. <ref name="award 2004" /> Yayin da cutar SARS ta fara yaɗuwa a babban yankin China a ƙarshen 2002 da farkon 2003, gwamnati ta yi watsi da adadin waɗanda suka kamu da cutar a babban yankin China. <ref name="award 2004">{{Cite web |date=August 31, 2004 |title=The 2004 Ramon Magsaysay Awardee for Public Service |url=http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationJiangYan.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614083317/http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationJiangYan.htm |archive-date=June 14, 2007 |access-date=2013-05-03 |publisher=Ramon Magsaysay Foundation}}</ref> <ref name="China Status 2007">{{Cite web |last=Kahn, Joseph |date=July 13, 2007 |title=China Hero Doctor Who Exposed SARS Cover-Up Barred U.S. Trip For Rights Award |url=http://chinaview.wordpress.com/category/people/doctor/jiang-yanyong/ |access-date=2013-05-03 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2003, Jiang ya aika wa gidan talabijin na China Central Television -4 ( CCTV4 ) da Phoenix TV (Hong Kong) wasiƙa mai kalmomi 800 ta imel da ke ba da rahoton wannan gaskiyar. Duk da cewa babu ɗayan biyun da ya amsa ko ya buga wasiƙarsa, an fallasa bayanan ga ƙungiyoyin labarai na Yamma. A ranar 8 ga Afrilu 2003, wani ɗan jarida daga ''The Wall Street Journal'' ya isa wurin Jiang ta hanyar hira ta wayar tarho. Daga baya a wannan rana, Susan Jakes, 'yar jaridar ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' a Beijing ita ma ta tuntuɓi Jiang. ''Time'' ta buga labarin mai ban mamaki nan take da taken "Harin SARS na Beijing". A cikin wannan labarin, an fassara wasiƙar Jiang zuwa Turanci kuma, a karon farko, an sanar da jama'a ainihin halin da ake ciki a babban yankin China. Wannan wasiƙar ta tilasta wa Magajin Garin Beijing da Ministan Lafiyar Jama'a yin murabus a ranar 21 ga Afrilu, 2003. <ref name="China Status 2007" /> Gwamnatin China ta fara magance annobar da ke ƙaruwa. <ref name="China Status 2007" /> Yawancin ƙwararrun masana kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun yi imanin cewa wannan matakin ya hana cutar kaiwa ga yawan annobar . <ref name="award 2004" /> A watan Fabrairun 2004, Jiang ya rubuta wata buɗaɗɗiyar wasiƙa ga Firayim Minista Wen Jiabao, mataimakan firayim minista da dama, membobin ofishin siyasa da sauran membobin gwamnatin China da dama. <ref name="award 2004">{{Cite web |date=August 31, 2004 |title=The 2004 Ramon Magsaysay Awardee for Public Service |url=http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationJiangYan.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614083317/http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationJiangYan.htm |archive-date=June 14, 2007 |access-date=2013-05-03 |publisher=Ramon Magsaysay Foundation}}</ref> <ref name="China Status 2007">{{Cite web |last=Kahn, Joseph |date=July 13, 2007 |title=China Hero Doctor Who Exposed SARS Cover-Up Barred U.S. Trip For Rights Award |url=http://chinaview.wordpress.com/category/people/doctor/jiang-yanyong/ |access-date=2013-05-03 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> <ref name="State villian">{{Cite web |last=Chinoy, Mike |date=July 20, 2004 |title=From hero to China's state villain |url=http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/asiapcf/07/20/china.jiang/index.html?_s=PM:WORLD |access-date=2013-05-03 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Wasiƙar ta nemi a sake duba alhakin da gwamnatin China ta ɗauka game da kisan kiyashin Tiananmen Square . <ref name="China Status 2007" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 9, 2020 |title=Doctor who exposed Sars cover-up is under house arrest in China, family confirms |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/09/sars-whistleblower-doctor-under-house-arrest-in-china-family-confirms-jiang-yangyong |website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}</ref> Wasu majiyoyin kafofin watsa labarai sun nuna cewa saboda babban matsayin Jiang Yanyong, ofishin siyasa ya tattauna batun abin da za a yi da shi. <ref name="China Status 2007" /> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1931]] 3o8h0r3laq8xsj571h6frwsd2l696a3 820055 820054 2026-04-10T09:01:32Z BnHamid 12586 820055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jiang Yanyong''' (4 ga Oktoba 1931 - 11 ga Maris 2023) likita ne ɗan ƙasar Sin wanda ya yi shelar ɓoye cutar da ta shafi numfashi mai tsanani (SARS) a babban yankin ƙasar Sin. An haife shi a cikin dangin Zhejiang Xingye Bank, Jiang shi ne babban likitan Asibitin 301 da ke Beijing kuma babban memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta ƙasar Sin . Jiang yana fuskantar daurin talala a gida lokaci-lokaci saboda rawar da ya taka wajen fallasa ɓarkewar annobar SARS. [1] A cewar wani rahoto a jaridar The New York Times, an nuna Jiang a matsayin mummunan abin koyi a cikin littattafan ilimi na kasar Sin, saboda "lalata muradun al'umma". == Ilimi == Jiang ya halarci Jami'ar Yenching . <ref name="award 2004">{{Cite web |date=August 31, 2004 |title=The 2004 Ramon Magsaysay Awardee for Public Service |url=http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationJiangYan.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614083317/http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationJiangYan.htm |archive-date=June 14, 2007 |access-date=2013-05-03 |publisher=Ramon Magsaysay Foundation}}</ref> Ya zaɓi aikin likitanci bayan ya ga wata goggo ta mutu sakamakon [[tarin fuka]] . A shekarar 1952, ya shiga Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Peking Union . <ref name="award 2004" /> == Sana'a == Jiang ya shiga Rundunar 'Yantar da Jama'a a shekarar 1954 kuma an tura shi Asibitin 301 (Babban Asibitin PLA) da ke Beijing. A shekarar 1987, an nada Jiang a matsayin babban likitan tiyata na asibitin. <ref name="award 2004">{{Cite web |date=August 31, 2004 |title=The 2004 Ramon Magsaysay Awardee for Public Service |url=http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationJiangYan.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614083317/http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationJiangYan.htm |archive-date=June 14, 2007 |access-date=2013-05-03 |publisher=Ramon Magsaysay Foundation}}</ref> Ya riƙe matsayin soja na daidai da Manjo Janar na Amurka. A watan Yunin 1989, Jiang ya shaida sakamakon raunin da aka samu a kan ɗaliban a lokacin zanga-zangar Tiananmen Square da kisan kiyashi a shekarar 1989. <ref name="award 2004" /> Yayin da cutar SARS ta fara yaɗuwa a babban yankin China a ƙarshen 2002 da farkon 2003, gwamnati ta yi watsi da adadin waɗanda suka kamu da cutar a babban yankin China. <ref name="award 2004">{{Cite web |date=August 31, 2004 |title=The 2004 Ramon Magsaysay Awardee for Public Service |url=http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationJiangYan.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614083317/http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationJiangYan.htm |archive-date=June 14, 2007 |access-date=2013-05-03 |publisher=Ramon Magsaysay Foundation}}</ref> <ref name="China Status 2007">{{Cite web |last=Kahn, Joseph |date=July 13, 2007 |title=China Hero Doctor Who Exposed SARS Cover-Up Barred U.S. Trip For Rights Award |url=http://chinaview.wordpress.com/category/people/doctor/jiang-yanyong/ |access-date=2013-05-03 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2003, Jiang ya aika wa gidan talabijin na China Central Television -4 ( CCTV4 ) da Phoenix TV (Hong Kong) wasiƙa mai kalmomi 800 ta imel da ke ba da rahoton wannan gaskiyar. Duk da cewa babu ɗayan biyun da ya amsa ko ya buga wasiƙarsa, an fallasa bayanan ga ƙungiyoyin labarai na Yamma. A ranar 8 ga Afrilu 2003, wani ɗan jarida daga ''The Wall Street Journal'' ya isa wurin Jiang ta hanyar hira ta wayar tarho. Daga baya a wannan rana, Susan Jakes, 'yar jaridar ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' a Beijing ita ma ta tuntuɓi Jiang. ''Time'' ta buga labarin mai ban mamaki nan take da taken "Harin SARS na Beijing". A cikin wannan labarin, an fassara wasiƙar Jiang zuwa Turanci kuma, a karon farko, an sanar da jama'a ainihin halin da ake ciki a babban yankin China. Wannan wasiƙar ta tilasta wa Magajin Garin Beijing da Ministan Lafiyar Jama'a yin murabus a ranar 21 ga Afrilu, 2003. <ref name="China Status 2007" /> Gwamnatin China ta fara magance annobar da ke ƙaruwa. <ref name="China Status 2007" /> Yawancin ƙwararrun masana kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun yi imanin cewa wannan matakin ya hana cutar kaiwa ga yawan annobar . <ref name="award 2004" /> A watan Fabrairun 2004, Jiang ya rubuta wata buɗaɗɗiyar wasiƙa ga Firayim Minista Wen Jiabao, mataimakan firayim minista da dama, membobin ofishin siyasa da sauran membobin gwamnatin China da dama. <ref name="award 2004">{{Cite web |date=August 31, 2004 |title=The 2004 Ramon Magsaysay Awardee for Public Service |url=http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationJiangYan.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614083317/http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationJiangYan.htm |archive-date=June 14, 2007 |access-date=2013-05-03 |publisher=Ramon Magsaysay Foundation}}</ref> <ref name="China Status 2007">{{Cite web |last=Kahn, Joseph |date=July 13, 2007 |title=China Hero Doctor Who Exposed SARS Cover-Up Barred U.S. Trip For Rights Award |url=http://chinaview.wordpress.com/category/people/doctor/jiang-yanyong/ |access-date=2013-05-03 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> <ref name="State villian">{{Cite web |last=Chinoy, Mike |date=July 20, 2004 |title=From hero to China's state villain |url=http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/asiapcf/07/20/china.jiang/index.html?_s=PM:WORLD |access-date=2013-05-03 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Wasiƙar ta nemi a sake duba alhakin da gwamnatin China ta ɗauka game da kisan kiyashin Tiananmen Square . <ref name="China Status 2007" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 9, 2020 |title=Doctor who exposed Sars cover-up is under house arrest in China, family confirms |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/09/sars-whistleblower-doctor-under-house-arrest-in-china-family-confirms-jiang-yangyong |website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}</ref> Wasu majiyoyin kafofin watsa labarai sun nuna cewa saboda babban matsayin Jiang Yanyong, ofishin siyasa ya tattauna batun abin da za a yi da shi. <ref name="China Status 2007" /> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1931]] ohg45fc486yndkiy2f8y8a42oezdnfo 0 134961 820048 777036 2026-04-10T08:58:34Z BnHamid 12586 820048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''George Andreadis''' ([[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]]: ; 1936 - 30 ga Disamba, 2015) marubucin litattafan Girkanci ne na zuriyar Girkanci. An haife shi a cikin mazaunan 'yan gudun hijira na Kalamaria a wajen Thessaloniki . Iyalinsa sun yi ƙaura zuwa Batumi inda mahaifinsa Kyriakos ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Pontus. Iyalin sun koma Girka a shekara ta 1930. Andreadis ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Anatolia da ke Thessaloniki a kan tallafin karatu, sannan ya yi karatun Tattalin Arziki a Jami'ar Freiburg da ke Jamus. Ya ziyarci yankin Black Sea na Turkiyya sau da yawa kuma ya rubuta da yawa game da al'adu da tarihinsa, musamman tarihin Helenawa na Pontic da aka fitar a cikin 1920s. An fi saninsa da littafinsa ''Tamama'' wanda aka sanya shi cikin fim din da ake kira Waiting for the Clouds ta hanyar darektan Turkiyya Yeşim Ustaoğlu . Sauran ayyukansa sun hada da The Brazier of Memory da The Crypto-Christians . <ref>[http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/brotherhood-without-borders-and-tamama.aspx?pageID=438&n=brotherhood-without-borders-and-tamama-1998-11-22 Hurriyet Daily News, November 1998]</ref> Ya mutu a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2015. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Matattun 2015]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1936]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p8c0thvtxrde7t05lq27oss1nwbegcz 0 136145 820034 779134 2026-04-10T08:48:48Z BnHamid 12586 820034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maria Spyraki''' (Girkanci: ; an haife ta 11 Satumba 1965) 'yar jaridar Girka ce, '[[ɗan siyasa]], kuma memba ne na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai (MEP) don Sabon Dimokuradiyya . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Maria Spyraki a Larissa a shekarar 1965. Ta yi karatun ilmin sunadarai a Jami'ar Aristotle ta Thessaloniki sannan kuma a Makarantar Jarida ta London . == Ayyukan siyasa == A cikin Zaben Majalisar Tarayyar Turai na 2014, an zabi Spyraki a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan majalisa biyar a jerin Nea Dimokratia; an zabe ta da farko a cikin tsari tare da kuri'u 248,350. Tana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar 'yan majalisa ta Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Turai (EPP) kuma memba ne na Kwamitin Ci gaban Yankin kuma memba ne da Wakilin zuwa Kwamitin Majalisar Tarayyar Turai-Tsohon Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia . [1] A ranar 31 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014, gabanin zaben majalisar dokokin Girka, an nada Spyraki a matsayin mai magana da yawun Nea Dimokratia. Bayan zaben duk da haka [[Kostas Karagounis]] ya maye gurbin ta don komawa aikinta a Majalisar Tarayyar Turai. Baya ga ayyukan kwamitin ta, Spyraki na daga cikin kungiyar Tarayyar Turai kan Tekuna, Koguna, Tsibirin da Yankunan Tekun da kuma kungiyar MEPs kan Ciwon daji. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jh9tghj5j44gnsgu4ac868aneii68sg 0 137683 820021 781905 2026-04-10T08:38:38Z BnHamid 12586 820021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Yannis Yfantis mawaki ne na Girka wanda aka ba shi lambar yabo ta Cavafy . An haife shi a shekara ta 1949 a Raina kusa da Agrinio a Aetolia-Acarnania . An gabatar da shi ga watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a na Thessaloniki tare da Elliniki kai pagkosmia poiisi (Ελληνική και invalidκόσμια ποίηση = Girkanci da Waƙoƙi na Duniya) da Kata vathos zuwa thema ine ena (Κατά βάθος το θέμα__hau____hau____hau__). An fassara waƙoƙinsa zuwa harsuna da yawa ciki har da Turanci. == Waƙoƙi == * Mystiki tis Anatolis (Μυστικοί της Ανατολής = ''Asirin Daga Gabas'') (1980) * ''[[Edda]] ta Dā'' (1983) * O Kathreftis tou Protea (''Ο Καθρέφτης του Πρωτέα'' = ''Mirror na Protea'') (1986]) * Naos tou Kosmou (''Ναός του Κόσμου'' = ''Haikali na Duniya'') (1996) * O Kipos tis Poiisis (''Ο Κήπος της Ποίησης'' = Aljanna ta Waƙoƙi) (2000) * ''Arhetypa'' (''Αρχέτυπα'' = Archetype) (2001) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] j17bw18rjjnu4f7a901yst8hf5eqsc6 0 138301 820023 783150 2026-04-10T08:41:02Z BnHamid 12586 820023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jakub Sokolík''' (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Agusta 1993) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] [[Kazech|na ƙasar Czech]] wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]], kwanan nan kuma yana bugawa ƙungiyar Torquay United wasa. == Aikin kulob == === Liverpool === Sokolík ya shiga makarantar matasa ta Baník Ostrava lokacin yana ɗan shekara 6 a shekarar 1999. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2008 |title=Mladez servirovala I nevidana dramata |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-servirovala-i-nevidana-dramata-458 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |date=23 April 2008 |title=Mladez U-13 deklasovala Karvinou |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-U-13-deklasovala-Karvinou-472 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |date=1 April 2008 |title=Mladez Ziskala Polovinu Bodu |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-ziskala-polovinu-bodu-432 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |date=8 April 2008 |title=Mladez Byla Temer Stoprocentni |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-byla-temer-stoprocentni-444 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}</ref> A lokacin da yake makarantar, Sokolík ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Ostrava-Kunčice. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2009 |title=Baník otevřel Akademii, nabízí i nový SŠ obor |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Banik-otevrel-Akademii-nabizi-i-novy-SS-obor-1191 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}</ref> Daga nan ya sanya hannu a makarantar matasa ta [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a shekarar 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2009 |title=MLADÍK JAKUB SOKOLÍK MÍŘÍ DO LIVERPOOLU |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladik-Jakub-Sokolik-miri-do-Liverpoolu-1180 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607102209/https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladik-Jakub-Sokolik-miri-do-Liverpoolu-1180 |archive-date=7 June 2020 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}</ref> Sokolík ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar reserve wasa da Everton reserves . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jakub Sokolik |url=http://www.liverpoolfc.com/team/academy/player/jakub-sokolik |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026162131/http://www.liverpoolfc.com/team/academy/player/jakub-sokolik |archive-date=26 October 2012 |access-date=15 March 2014 |publisher=Liverpool}}</ref> Daga nan ya ci gaba ta cikin jerin ƙungiyar academy da reserves a tsawon lokacin da yake can. Bayan haka, Liverpool ta saki Sokolík. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2008 |title=Mladez servirovala I nevidana dramata |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-servirovala-i-nevidana-dramata-458 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |date=23 April 2008 |title=Mladez U-13 deklasovala Karvinou |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-U-13-deklasovala-Karvinou-472 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |date=1 April 2008 |title=Mladez Ziskala Polovinu Bodu |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-ziskala-polovinu-bodu-432 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |date=8 April 2008 |title=Mladez Byla Temer Stoprocentni |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-byla-temer-stoprocentni-444 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}</ref> ==== Southend United (wasan farko da ya buga) ==== Bayan gwajin da ya yi nasara, Sokolík ya koma Southend United a gasar League Two a matsayin aro a ranar 11 ga Maris 2014 har zuwa sauran kakar wasa. Shigansa na farko da ƙungiyar ta yi shi ne a wasan da suka yi da Scunthorpe United inda ya kasance wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2008 |title=Mladez servirovala I nevidana dramata |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-servirovala-i-nevidana-dramata-458 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |date=23 April 2008 |title=Mladez U-13 deklasovala Karvinou |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-U-13-deklasovala-Karvinou-472 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |date=1 April 2008 |title=Mladez Ziskala Polovinu Bodu |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-ziskala-polovinu-bodu-432 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |date=8 April 2008 |title=Mladez Byla Temer Stoprocentni |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-byla-temer-stoprocentni-444 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}</ref> A wasan da suka yi da [[Bury F.C.|Bury]] a ranar 15 ga Maris 2014, Sokolík ya fara bugawa Southend United wasa bayan ya fara wasan maimakon Mark Philips kuma ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta ci gaba da wasa ba tare da an zura mata kwallo ba, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 0-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2009 |title=Baník otevřel Akademii, nabízí i nový SŠ obor |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Banik-otevrel-Akademii-nabizi-i-novy-SS-obor-1191 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}</ref> Wannan ya biyo baya da taimaka wa Southend United ta ci gaba da wasa uku ba tare da an zura mata kwallo ba a wasanni uku masu zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2009 |title=MLADÍK JAKUB SOKOLÍK MÍŘÍ DO LIVERPOOLU |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladik-Jakub-Sokolik-miri-do-Liverpoolu-1180 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607102209/https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladik-Jakub-Sokolik-miri-do-Liverpoolu-1180 |archive-date=7 June 2020 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}</ref> Tun lokacin da ya shiga ƙungiyar, ya kafa kansa cikin sauri a cikin ƙungiyar farko, yana wasa a matsayin tsakiya-baya na sauran kakar wasa. Sokolík ya taimaka wa Southend United ta ci gaba da wasa ba tare da an zura mata kwallo ba a jere tsakanin 18 ga Afrilu 2014 da 21 ga Afrilu 2014 da Rochdale da Accrington Stanley . <ref>{{cite news |date=21 April 2010 |title=Everton see off Liverpool FC in mini derby |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/everton-see-liverpool-fc-mini-3426249 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=Liverpool Echo}}</ref> Ya buga wasanni biyu na gasar League Two playoffs da Burton Albion, yayin da ƙungiyar ta sha kashi 3-2 a jimilla. <ref>{{cite news |date=9 March 2011 |title=Thorne in the side for Liverpool FC reserves as they draw against West Brom |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/thorne-side-liverpool-fc-reserves-3379668 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=Liverpool Echo}}<br /><br />{{cite news |date=29 November 2012 |title=Liverpool FC's U19s keep NextGen qualification hopes alive with impressive 3-0 win over Borussia Dortmund |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/liverpool-fcs-u19s-keep-nextgen-3330941 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=Liverpool Echo}}<br /><br />{{cite news |date=9 January 2013 |title=Next Gen Series: Liverpool FC U19s 4 Inter Milan 1 |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/next-gen-series-liverpool-fc-3324377 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=Liverpool Echo}}</ref> A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2013–14, Sokolík ya ci gaba da buga wasanni goma sha biyu a duk gasa. === Garin Yeovil === Ba da daɗewa ba bayan Liverpool ta sallame shi, Sokolík ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da Yeovil Town a ranar 30 ga Yuni 2014 duk da sha'awar komawa Southend United na dindindin. [1] Bayan ya koma ƙungiyar, an ba shi rigar lamba shida Sokolík ya fara buga wasa a Yeovil Town, inda ya fara a matsayin tsakiya-baya, a wasan da suka sha kashi 3-0 a hannun Doncaster Rovers a wasan farko na kakar wasa ta bana. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2008 |title=Mladez servirovala I nevidana dramata |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-servirovala-i-nevidana-dramata-458 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |date=23 April 2008 |title=Mladez U-13 deklasovala Karvinou |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-U-13-deklasovala-Karvinou-472 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |date=1 April 2008 |title=Mladez Ziskala Polovinu Bodu |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-ziskala-polovinu-bodu-432 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |date=8 April 2008 |title=Mladez Byla Temer Stoprocentni |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-byla-temer-stoprocentni-444 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}</ref> A cikin watanni uku masu zuwa, ya kafa kansa cikin sauri a cikin kungiyar farko, yana wasa a matsayin tsakiya-baya da kuma matsayin dama-baya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2009 |title=Baník otevřel Akademii, nabízí i nový SŠ obor |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Banik-otevrel-Akademii-nabizi-i-novy-SS-obor-1191 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}</ref> Duk da haka, raunuka da kammala wasa sun takaita bayyanarsa a kungiyar farko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2009 |title=MLADÍK JAKUB SOKOLÍK MÍŘÍ DO LIVERPOOLU |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladik-Jakub-Sokolik-miri-do-Liverpoolu-1180 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607102209/https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladik-Jakub-Sokolik-miri-do-Liverpoolu-1180 |archive-date=7 June 2020 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}</ref> A lokacin da aka ba da aro ga Sokolík ga Southend United, ya buga wasanni goma sha biyu a dukkan gasa. Kafin kakar wasa ta 2015-16, Sokolík ya sami nasarar murmurewa daga raunin da ya samu kuma an buga shi a wasannin sada zumunta na Yeovil Town. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2008 |title=Mladez servirovala I nevidana dramata |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-servirovala-i-nevidana-dramata-458 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |date=23 April 2008 |title=Mladez U-13 deklasovala Karvinou |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-U-13-deklasovala-Karvinou-472 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |date=1 April 2008 |title=Mladez Ziskala Polovinu Bodu |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-ziskala-polovinu-bodu-432 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |date=8 April 2008 |title=Mladez Byla Temer Stoprocentni |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-byla-temer-stoprocentni-444 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}</ref> Tun farkon kakar wasa ta 2015-16, ya dawo da matsayinsa na farko a ƙungiyar, yana wasa a matsayin tsakiya-baya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2009 |title=Baník otevřel Akademii, nabízí i nový SŠ obor |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Banik-otevrel-Akademii-nabizi-i-novy-SS-obor-1191 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}</ref> Sokolík ya zira kwallonsa ta farko ga Yeovil Town, a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Dagenham &amp;amp; Redbridge a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2015. Wata guda bayan haka, a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 2015, an ba shi jan kati a minti na 7 saboda ketar da ya yi ba tare da ƙwarewa ba, yayin da ƙungiyar ta ci 1-0 a kan Maidstone United a zagaye na farko na Kofin FA. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jakub Sokolik |url=http://www.liverpoolfc.com/team/academy/player/jakub-sokolik |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026162131/http://www.liverpoolfc.com/team/academy/player/jakub-sokolik |archive-date=26 October 2012 |access-date=15 March 2014 |publisher=Liverpool}}</ref> Bayan dakatar da shi wasanni uku, Sokolík ya koma cikin jerin 'yan wasan farko da Stevenage a zagaye na biyu na gasar cin kofin FA kuma ya taimaka wa kulob din ya ci gaba da yin nasara a wasan da suka yi da 1-0 a ranar 5 ga Disamba 2015. <ref>{{cite news |date=21 April 2010 |title=Everton see off Liverpool FC in mini derby |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/everton-see-liverpool-fc-mini-3426249 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=Liverpool Echo}}</ref> Sannan ya kafa wa François Zoko kwallo don ya ci wa Yeovil Town kwallo daya tilo a wasan, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Portsmouth a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 2016. <ref>{{cite news |date=9 March 2011 |title=Thorne in the side for Liverpool FC reserves as they draw against West Brom |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/thorne-side-liverpool-fc-reserves-3379668 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=Liverpool Echo}}<br /><br />{{cite news |date=29 November 2012 |title=Liverpool FC's U19s keep NextGen qualification hopes alive with impressive 3-0 win over Borussia Dortmund |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/liverpool-fcs-u19s-keep-nextgen-3330941 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=Liverpool Echo}}<br /><br />{{cite news |date=9 January 2013 |title=Next Gen Series: Liverpool FC U19s 4 Inter Milan 1 |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/next-gen-series-liverpool-fc-3324377 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=Liverpool Echo}}</ref> Sokolík ya biyo baya ta hanyar taimaka wa kulob din ya ci gaba da yin wasa uku a jere ba tare da an zura masa kwallo ba a wasanni uku da suka biyo baya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2008 |title=Mladez servirovala I nevidana dramata |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-servirovala-i-nevidana-dramata-458 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |date=23 April 2008 |title=Mladez U-13 deklasovala Karvinou |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-U-13-deklasovala-Karvinou-472 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |date=1 April 2008 |title=Mladez Ziskala Polovinu Bodu |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-ziskala-polovinu-bodu-432 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |date=8 April 2008 |title=Mladez Byla Temer Stoprocentni |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-byla-temer-stoprocentni-444 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}</ref> Shi ma, ya sake taimaka wa Yeovil Town ta ci gaba da yin wasa uku a jere ba tare da an zura masa kwallo ba tsakanin 25 ga Maris 2016 da 5 ga Afrilu 2016 da Carlisle United, Newport County da Stevenage. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2008 |title=Mladez servirovala I nevidana dramata |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-servirovala-i-nevidana-dramata-458 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |date=23 April 2008 |title=Mladez U-13 deklasovala Karvinou |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-U-13-deklasovala-Karvinou-472 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |date=1 April 2008 |title=Mladez Ziskala Polovinu Bodu |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-ziskala-polovinu-bodu-432 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |date=8 April 2008 |title=Mladez Byla Temer Stoprocentni |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-byla-temer-stoprocentni-444 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}</ref> A karshen kakar wasa ta 2015-16, Sokolík ya ci gaba da buga wasanni arba'in kuma ya zura kwallo daya a dukkan gasa. Bayan haka, kulob din ya sallame shi bayan karewar kwantiraginsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2008 |title=Mladez servirovala I nevidana dramata |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-servirovala-i-nevidana-dramata-458 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |date=23 April 2008 |title=Mladez U-13 deklasovala Karvinou |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-U-13-deklasovala-Karvinou-472 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |date=1 April 2008 |title=Mladez Ziskala Polovinu Bodu |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-ziskala-polovinu-bodu-432 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |date=8 April 2008 |title=Mladez Byla Temer Stoprocentni |url=https://fcb.cz/clanek.asp?id=Mladez-byla-temer-stoprocentni-444 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=FC Baník Ostrava |language=Czech}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]] qkc00yi2n0aa1gkip8mc9vbw05i21ox 0 138318 820030 783176 2026-04-10T08:46:30Z BnHamid 12586 820030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tadayuki 'Taddy' Okada''' (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1967) tsohon dan wasan tseren babur ne na Grand Prix na Japan. Ya kasance na biyu a cikin 1994 250cc da kuma a cikin 1997 500cc World Championship.<ref name="Tadayuki OKADA">{{Cite web |title=Tadayuki OKADA |url=http://www.motogp.com/en/riders/profiles/Tadayuki+Okada |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008042653/http://www.motogp.com/en/riders/profiles/Tadayuki+Okada |archive-date=2008-10-08 |access-date=2008-10-23 |publisher=MotoGP.com}}</ref> == Farkon aiki == Okada ta lashe gasar 250cc All Japan Road Race Championship a cikin shekaru uku a jere daga 1989 zuwa 1991 don Honda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=All Japan Road Race Champions |url=http://www.motoracing-japan.com/champ/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101122214123/http://www.motoracing-japan.com/champ/index.html |archive-date=22 November 2010 |access-date=14 February 2013 |publisher=motoracing-japan.com}}</ref> Honda daga nan ya shigar da shi cikin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 250cc a 1993. Ya kasance na biyu a cikin jerin a 1994, kuma na huɗu a 1995. <ref name="Tadayuki Okada profile at crash.net" /><ref name="Tadayuki OKADA">{{Cite web |title=Tadayuki OKADA |url=http://www.motogp.com/en/riders/profiles/Tadayuki+Okada |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008042653/http://www.motogp.com/en/riders/profiles/Tadayuki+Okada |archive-date=2008-10-08 |access-date=2008-10-23 |publisher=MotoGP.com}}</ref> == 500cc da kuma bayan == Okada ya tashi zuwa 500cc a cikin 1996, yana taimakawa wajen bunkasa V-twin Honda NSR500V kuma ya gama kakar a matsayi na 7 gaba ɗaya. A shekara ta 1997, ya yi ikirarin nasararsa ta farko ta 500cc a Indonesia kuma ya kammala na biyu ga Mick Doohan . [1][2] Ya rasa tseren da yawa a shekarar 1998 saboda raunin wuyan hannu amma ya dawo a 1999 don kammala na uku a gasar, tare da nasara a Assen, Brno da Phillip Island.[1] Da yake shiga zagaye na karshe na kakar ya kasance na biyu a maki, amma ya rasa ga wanda ya lashe tseren karshe Kenny Roberts Jr. Bayan ya yi nasara sosai a shekara ta 2000 ya sauya zuwa Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Superbike a shekara ta 2001, ba tare da ya lashe tsere ba duk da cewa ya dauki matsayi uku da 8th gaba ɗaya.[3] Okada ya zaɓi ya yi ritaya a ƙarshen shekara. Ya yi fitowar wildcard guda ɗaya a Grand Prix na Italiya na 2008 a Mugello a watan Yuni, ya kammala na 14, a tseren farko na Honda RC212V.[4] == Kididdigar aikin Grand Prix == Tushen: <ref name="Tadayuki OKADA">{{Cite web |title=Tadayuki OKADA |url=http://www.motogp.com/en/riders/profiles/Tadayuki+Okada |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008042653/http://www.motogp.com/en/riders/profiles/Tadayuki+Okada |archive-date=2008-10-08 |access-date=2008-10-23 |publisher=MotoGP.com}}</ref> Tsarin maki daga 1988 zuwa 1992: {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" |'''Matsayi''' | width="20" |1 | width="20" |2 | width="20" |3 | width="20" |4 | width="20" |5 | width="20" |6 | width="20" |7 | width="20" |8 | width="20" |9 | width="20" |10 | width="20" |11 | width="20" |12 | width="20" |13 | width="20" |14 | width="20" |15 |- |'''Abubuwa''' |20 |17 |15 |13 |11 |10 |9 |8 |7 |6 |5 |4 |3 |2 |1 |} Tsarin maki daga 1993 zuwa gaba: {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" |'''Matsayi''' | width="20" |1 | width="20" |2 | width="20" |3 | width="20" |4 | width="20" |5 | width="20" |6 | width="20" |7 | width="20" |8 | width="20" |9 | width="20" |10 | width="20" |11 | width="20" |12 | width="20" |13 | width="20" |14 | width="20" |15 |- |'''Abubuwa''' |25 |20 |16 |13 |11 |10 |9 |8 |7 |6 |5 |4 |3 |2 |1 |} (maɓalli) (Races in '''bold''' nuna matsayi na sanda) {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%" !Shekara !Ɗalibin !Kungiyar !Injin !1 !2 !3 !4 !5 !6 !7 !8 !9 !10 !11 !12 !13 !14 !15 !16 !17 !18 !Abubuwa !Matsayi !Nasara |- !1989 !250cc !Cabin-Honda !NSR250 | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |JPN <small>6</small><br /> |AUS -<br /><small>-</small> |Amurka -<br /><small>-</small> |ESP -<br /><small>-</small> |NAT -<br /><small>-</small> |GER -<br /><small>-</small> |AUT -<br /><small>-</small> |YUG -<br /><small>-</small> |NED -<br /><small>-</small> |BEL -<br /><small>-</small> |FRA -<br /><small>-</small> |GBR -<br /><small>-</small> |SWE -<br /><small>-</small> |CZE -<br /><small>-</small> |BRA -<br /><small>-</small> | | | !10 !Na 28 !0 |- !1990 !250cc !Honda !NSR250 | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |JPN <small>RET</small><br /> |Amurka -<br /><small>-</small> |ESP -<br /><small>-</small> |NAT -<br /><small>-</small> |GER -<br /><small>-</small> |AUT -<br /><small>-</small> |YUG -<br /><small>-</small> |NED -<br /><small>-</small> |BEL -<br /><small>-</small> |FRA -<br /><small>-</small> |GBR -<br /><small>-</small> |SWE -<br /><small>-</small> |CZE -<br /><small>-</small> |HUN -<br /><small>-</small> |AUS -<br /><small>-</small> | | | !0 !- !0 |- !1991 !250cc !Honda !NSR250 | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |JPN <small>RET</small><br /> |AUS -<br /><small>-</small> |Amurka -<br /><small>-</small> |ESP -<br /><small>-</small> |ITA -<br /><small>-</small> |GER -<br /><small>-</small> |AUT -<br /><small>-</small> |Yuro -<br /><small>-</small> |NED -<br /><small>-</small> |FRA -<br /><small>-</small> |GBR -<br /><small>-</small> |RSM -<br /><small>-</small> |CZE -<br /><small>-</small> |VDM -<br /><small>-</small> |MAL -<br /><small>-</small> | | | !0 !- !0 |- !1992 !250cc ![[Honda]]_Racing_Corporation" id="mwAag" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Honda Racing Corporation">HRC-Honda !NSR250 | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |2" href="./1992_Japanese_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwAaw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1992 Japanese motorcycle Grand Prix">JPN 2<br /> |AUS -<br /><small>-</small> |MAL -<br /><small>-</small> |ESP -<br /><small>-</small> |ITA -<br /><small>-</small> |Yuro -<br /><small>-</small> |GER -<br /><small>-</small> |NED -<br /><small>-</small> |HUN -<br /><small>-</small> |FRA -<br /><small>-</small> |GBR -<br /><small>-</small> |BRA -<br /><small>-</small> |RSA -<br /><small>-</small> | | | | | !15 !Na 13 !0 |- !1993 !250cc !Rothmans-Honda !NSR250 | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |4" href="./1993_Australian_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwAe8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1993 Australian motorcycle Grand Prix">AUS 4<br /> | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |[./199&#x3C;small&#x20;id= 3_Malaysian_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwAfM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1993 Malaysian motorcycle Grand Prix">MAL] 3<br /> | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |JPN <small>2</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |ESP <small>7</small><br /> | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |<small>RET</small> AUT<br /> |GER <small>INJ</small><br /> | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |<small>RET</small> NED<br /> | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |Yuro <small>2</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |RSM <small>6</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |GBR <small>5</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |CZE <small>11</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |ITA <small>7</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |[./1&#x3C;small&#x20;id= 9_United_States_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwAh8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1993 United States motorcycle Grand Prix">Amurka] 9<br /> | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |<small>RET</small> na Ƙari<br /> | | | | !120 !Na 8th !0 |- !1994 !250cc !Kanemoto-Honda !NSR250 | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |5" href="./1994_Australian_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwAjY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1994 Australian motorcycle Grand Prix">AUS 5<br /> | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |MAL <small>2</small><br /> | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |[./&#x3C;small&#x20;id= 1_Japanese_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwAj4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1994 Japanese motorcycle Grand Prix">JPN] 1<br /> | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |ESP <small>3</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |[./199&#x3C;small&#x20;id= 4_Austrian_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwAkY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1994 Austrian motorcycle Grand Prix">AUT] 4<br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |5" href="./1994_German_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwAko" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1994 German motorcycle Grand Prix">GER 5<br /> | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |NED <small>2</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |ITA <small>7</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |[./1&#x3C;small&#x20;id= 9_French_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwAlY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1994 French motorcycle Grand Prix">FRA] 9<br /> | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |GBR <small>2</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |5" href="./1994_Czech_Republic_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwAl4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1994 Czech Republic motorcycle Grand Prix">CZE 5<br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |[./199&#x3C;small&#x20;id= 4_United_States_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwAmI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1994 United States motorcycle Grand Prix">Amurka] 4<br /> | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |[./&#x3C;small&#x20;id= 1_Argentine_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwAmY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1994 Argentine motorcycle Grand Prix">ARG] 1<br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |[./199&#x3C;small&#x20;id= 4_European_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwAmo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1994 European motorcycle Grand Prix">Yuro] 4<br /> | | | | | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''214''' | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''Na biyu''' | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2''' |- !1995 !250cc ![[Honda]]_Racing_Corporation" id="mwAnw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Honda Racing Corporation">HRC-Honda !NSR250 | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |<small>RET</small> na AUS<br /> | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |MAL <small>3</small><br /> | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |''JPN'' <small>RET</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |ESP <small>6</small><br /> | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |GER <small>3</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |5" href="./1995_Italian_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwApU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1995 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix">ITA 5<br /> | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |NED <small>3</small><br /> | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |3" href="./1995_French_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwAp0" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1995 French motorcycle Grand Prix">FRA 3<br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |GBR <small>8</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |7" href="./1995_Czech_Republic_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwAqU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1995 Czech Republic motorcycle Grand Prix">CZE 7<br /> | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |Ƙarfin <small>3</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |ARG <small>7</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |Yuro <small>7</small><br /> | | | | | !136 !Na huɗu !0 |- !1996 !500cc !Repsol Honda !NSR500V | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |<small>RET</small> Mai RET<br /> | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |<small>RET</small> na INA<br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |JPN <small>4</small><br /> | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |ESP <small>3</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |ITA <small>7</small><br /> | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |<small>RET</small> Ba FRA<br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |NED <small>13</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |GER <small>7</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |GBR <small>4</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |AUT <small>11</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |CZE <small>7</small><br /> | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |IMO <small>3</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |5" href="./1996_Catalan_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwAvc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1996 Catalan motorcycle Grand Prix">CAT 5<br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |BRA <small>8</small><br /> | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |AUS <small>2</small><br /> | | | !132 !Na 7 !0 |- !1997 !500cc !Repsol Honda !NSR500 | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |'''MAL''' <small>10</small><br /> | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |'''JPN''' <small>3</small><br /> | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |'''ESP''' <small>3</small><br /> | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |<small>RET</small> na ITA<br /> | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |2" href="./1997_Austrian_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwAyQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1997 Austrian motorcycle Grand Prix">AUT 2<br /> | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |FRA <small>3</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |NED <small>12</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |IMO <small>5</small><br /> | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |GER <small>2</small><br /> | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |BRA <small>2</small><br /> | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |GBR <small>2</small><br /> | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |<small>RET</small> na CZE<br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |6" href="./1997_Catalan_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwA0U" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1997 Catalan motorcycle Grand Prix">CAT 6<br /> | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |''1" href="./1997_Indonesian_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwA0o" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1997 Indonesian motorcycle Grand Prix">INA'' 1<br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |4" href="./1997_Australian_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwA04" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1997 Australian motorcycle Grand Prix">AUS 4<br /> | | | | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''197''' | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''Na biyu''' | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''1''' |- !1998 !500cc !Repsol Honda !NSR500 | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |[./1998_Japanese_motorcycle_Grand_Prix 2" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1998 Japanese motorcycle Grand Prix">JPN] 2<br /> | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |<small>RET</small> Mai RET<br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |ESP <small>7</small><br /> |ITA <small>INJ</small><br /> |FRA <small>INJ</small><br /> |Ranar <small>INJ</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |[./199&#x3C;small&#x20;id= 8_Dutch_TT" id="mwA3s" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1998 Dutch TT">NED] 8<br /> |GBR <small>INJ</small><br /> |GER <small>INJ</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |[./1998_Czech_Republic_motorcycle_Grand_Prix 4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1998 Czech Republic motorcycle Grand Prix">CZE] 4<br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |7" href="./1998_City_of_Imola_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwA4s" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1998 City of Imola motorcycle Grand Prix">IMO 7<br /> | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |CAT <small>2</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |9" href="./1998_Australian_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwA5M" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1998 Australian motorcycle Grand Prix">AUS 9<br /> | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |''ARG'' <small>2</small><br /> | | | | !106 !Na 8th !0 |- !1999 !500cc !Repsol Honda !NSR500 | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |MAL <small>5</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |JPN <small>15</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |ESP <small>4</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |9" href="./1999_French_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwA7c" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1999 French motorcycle Grand Prix">FRA 9<br /> | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |ITA <small>3</small><br /> | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |CAT <small>2</small><br /> | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''''[./&#x3C;small&#x20;id= 1_Dutch_TT" id="mwA8U" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1999 Dutch TT">NED]''''' 1<br /> | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''GBR''' <small>2</small><br /> | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |<small>RET</small> GER<br /> | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |''1" href="./1999_Czech_Republic_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwA9M" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1999 Czech Republic motorcycle Grand Prix">CZE'' 1<br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |IMO <small>4</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |Kyakkyawan <small>4</small><br /> | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |1" href="./1999_Australian_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwA98" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1999 Australian motorcycle Grand Prix">AUS 1<br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |'''RSA''' <small>4</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |BRA <small>7</small><br /> | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |<small>RET</small> na ARG<br /> | | | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |'''211''' | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |'''Na uku''' | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |'''3''' |- !2000 !500cc !Repsol-Honda !NSR500 | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |RSA <small>RET</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |MAL <small>6</small><br /> | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |3" href="./2000_Japanese_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwBAg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2000 Japanese motorcycle Grand Prix">JPN 3<br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |ESP <small>10</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |FRA <small>14</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |ITA <small>8</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |CAT <small>15</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |NED <small>11</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |GBR <small>10</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |''5" href="./2000_German_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwBCU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2000 German motorcycle Grand Prix">GER'' 5<br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |CZE <small>10</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |Sai Ka <small>7</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |9" href="./2000_Valencian_Community_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" id="mwBDE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2000 Valencian Community motorcycle Grand Prix">Kyakkyawan 9<br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |BRA <small>9</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |PAC <small>10</small><br /> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |AUS <small>9</small><br /> | | !107 !Na 11 !0 |- !2008 !MotoGP !Repsol-Honda !RC212V |QAT -<br /><small>-</small> |ESP -<br /><small>-</small> |Saboda haka -<br /><small>-</small> |CHN -<br /><small>-</small> |FRA -<br /><small>-</small> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |ITA <small>14</small><br /> |CAT -<br /><small>-</small> |GBR -<br /><small>-</small> |NED -<br /><small>-</small> |GER -<br /><small>-</small> |Amurka -<br /><small>-</small> |CZE -<br /><small>-</small> |RSM -<br /><small>-</small> |INP -<br /><small>-</small> |JPN -<br /><small>-</small> |AUS -<br /><small>-</small> |MAL -<br /><small>-</small> |Kyakkyawan -<br /><small>-</small> !2 !Na 21 !0 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2x2loruydx1w5xkkgrn4h3rd74krcj5 0 140995 820022 796547 2026-04-10T08:40:37Z BnHamid 12586 820022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Şeyhülislâm Halidefendizâde Mehmet Cemaleddin Efendi (1848-1917) ya kasance alƙali ne na Ottoman wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ''Sheikh al-Islam'' ga Sultan Abdul Hamid II tsakanin 1891 da 1909.<ref name="Erkan158">İsmail Hâmi Danişmend, ''Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı'', Türkiye Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1971, p. 158. {{In lang|tr}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == Mahaifinsa, Sheikh Yusufzâde Hâlid Efendi, <ref name="Erkan158">İsmail Hâmi Danişmend, ''Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı'', Türkiye Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1971, p. 158. {{In lang|tr}}</ref> ya kasance memba na shari'a mai daraja kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin KaKazasker minista. Mahaifiyarsa memba ce ta dangin Kevabibiye kuma 'yar Mehmed Said Efendi ce. Mehmet Cemaleddin ya yi karatu a cikin dokar Ottoman da Islama, kuma ya yi aiki a cikin shari'ar Ottoman a matsayin Ka'ida (Babban Alkalin) na Constantinople a 1884. An nada shi Babban Alkalin Anatolia (Anadolu Kazaskeri) a cikin 1888 da Babban Alkal na Rumeriya, sassan Turai na Daular Ottoman a cikin Balkans, a cikin 1890. A ranar 4 ga Satumba 1891, yana da shekaru 43, an nada shi Şeyhülislam, Ministan majalisar ministoci wanda ke kula da al'amuran addini da shari'a. Ya kasance a wannan mukamin na tsawon shekaru 16 da watanni 11. Daga baya aka sake nada shi a wasu lokuta uku na gajeren lokaci, yana riƙe da wannan mukamin kusan kusan shekaru 18 kuma ya zama na biyu mafi tsawo a tarihin Ottoman bayan [[Zembilli Ali Efendi]] . Matarsa ita ce Fatma Zehra Hanim, kuma surukinsa shine babban likitan Turkiyya kuma magajin garin Constantinople, Farfesa Cemil Topuzlu, wanda aka fi sani da Cemil Pasha, wanda aka sanya masa suna babban titin a cikin Istanbul na zamani "Cemil Topuzla Caddesi" da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gari Cemil Topuzlu Harbiye Amphitheatre. Yaron ɗan'uwan Mehmet Cemaleddin, Ibrahim Sami Bey, memba ne na Majalisar Gwamnatin Ottoman, wanda jikansa Erol Gelenbe ya rike kujerar Dennis Gabor (2003-2019) a Kwalejin Imperial, London. Wani abokin adawar jam'iyyar Union and Progress Party mai goyon bayan Jamus da kuma yaki, an tura Mehmed Cemalettin Efendi gudun hijira zuwa Masar a 1913 kuma ya mutu a wani wuri da ake kira Ramleh kusa da Menouf a Misira a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 1917 yana da shekaru 70. Lokacin da aka kawo jikinsa zuwa Constantinople, ya kwanta a cikin jihar a Fadar Topkapı, kuma yanzu an binne shi a Kabarin Martyr na Edirnekapı (Turkish: Edirnekpı Şehitliği). An fara buga tarihinsa a Constantinople a cikin 1920, sannan Selim Kutsan ya gyara shi kuma ya sake buga shi a cikin Turkiyya ta zamani a ƙarƙashin taken ''Siyasi Hatiralarim'' (Memoirs na Siyasa) ta mai bugawa Nehir Yayinlari (Istanbul) a cikin 1990. == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == * Cemaleddin Efendi "''Siyasi Hatiralarim''" daga asalin Ottoman Turkiyya, "''Hatirat-i Siyasisi''", Istanbul 1920, Selim Kutsan (ed.), Mai bugawa, Nehir Yayinlari: 43, Hatiralarla Yakin Tarih Dizisi: 4, Istanbul, 1990. * Yıldız, E., "XIX. 2010. == Bayani da manazarta == {{Authority control}} 4cceo8dtqle5vstpglqqu6c4uyv577t 0 141040 820017 796624 2026-04-10T08:36:53Z BnHamid 12586 820017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ma Wanfu''' (Xiao'erjing: مَا وًا فُوْ; 1849-1934), wanda aka fi sani da '''[[Alhaji|Hajji]] Guoyuan''' ({{Lang|zh|果园哈只}}), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.chinabaike.com/article/sort0525/sort0523/2007/20070716141427.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002235440/http://www.chinabaike.com/article/sort0525/sort0523/2007/20070716141427.html |archive-date=2 October 2011 |access-date=15 June 2010}}</ref> ya kasance Dongxiang [[Liman|Imam]] na ƙauyen Guoyuан ({{Lang|zh|果园村}}) a Hezhou (yanzu Dongxiang Autonomous County a Linxia Hui Autonomoous Prefecture, [[Gansu]]" id="mwHw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Gansu">Lardin Gansu). Ya yi karatu a [[Makkah|Makka]] kuma ya kafa kungiyar [[Yihewani]]" id="mwJQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Yihewani">Ikhwan (Yihewani 伊赫瓦尼) a 1888, wanda aka fi sani da "Sabon Ƙungiya" (Chinese ''''Xinjiao'' pai'', 新教派 ko Xinxinjiao, 新新教), yana yadawa a Gansu, Ningxia da Qinghai .<ref>{{Cite web |title=回族历史大事记 - 沙梁子 |url=http://www.shaliangzi.com/html/huizu/hmsyj/200810/22-150_3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090517084654/http://www.shaliangzi.com/html/huizu/hmsyj/200810/22-150_3.html |archive-date=17 May 2009 |access-date=15 June 2010}}</ref> Shi (tare da ƙungiyar Yihewani) ya yi tsayayya da [[Sufiyya|Sufism]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.nacsorg.com/finland2005/papers/suutarinen.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714150109/http://www.nacsorg.com/finland2005/papers/suutarinen.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2011 |access-date=23 June 2010}}</ref> == Rayuwa == Ma Wanfu ya goyi bayan tawaye na Dungan (1895-1896) a kan Daular Qing, tare da Ma Dahan na Ma Yonglin, amma sojojin Musulmi na kasar Sin [[Mutanen Hui|Hui]] ne suka murkushe tawaye karkashin jagorancin Dong Fuxiang, Ma Anliang, Ma Fuxianga, Ma Fulu na Ma Guoliang. Ma Wanfu ya mika wuya, ya ci amanar ɗan'uwansa shugaban 'yan tawaye na Dongxiang Ma Dahan . A cikin 1915, Ma Anliang da Yang Zengxin sun kama kuma sun yi ƙoƙari su kashe Ma Wanfu, lokacin da Ma Qi ya cece shi yayin da ake tura shi kisa kuma ya kawo shi Xining. == Littattafai == * Hu Fan: ''[http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=993767389&dok_var=d1&dok_ext=pdf&filename=993767389%2525252525252Epdf Musulunci a Shaanxi: Da suka gabata da na yanzu]''. Rashin jituwa. Bonn 2008 * Ma Kexun Makish: "Zhongguo Yisilanjiao Yihewanyi pai di changdaozhe - Ma Wanfu (Guoyuan) " Mai gabatar da Islama ta kasar Sin - -万福 (果園) [Mahaifiyar kungiyar Ikhwan ta Musulunci ta kasar Sin: Ma Wanfu]. A cikin: ''Yisilanjiao zai Zhongguo'' [Islama a China], ed. Ma'aikatar Ethnology ta Lardin Gansu. Yinchuan: Ningxia Renmin chubanshe 1982 (Sinanci) * Ma Zhanbiao: "Yihewani jiaopei yu Ma Wanfu" (Yihewani und Ma Wanfu), A cikin: ''Xibei Huizu yu Yiselanjiao.'' Yinchuan: Ningxia Renmin chubanshe 1994 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110714150109/http://www.nacsorg.com/finland2005/papers/suutarinen.pdf Mikko Suutarinen: Mutanen Dongxiang na Gansu - Ƙabilar, Addini da Ƙasa (Religious Identity) &nbsp;] (PDF format; 320 kB) *   == Dubi kuma == * [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111002235440/http://www.chinabaike.com/article/sort0525/sort0523/2007/20070716141427.html Ma Wanfu] - Sinanci&nbsp; * Haihuwar da Girman Ƙungiyoyi da Menhuans - Turanci&nbsp; * [http://www.chsource.org/Hui.htm Ƙungiyar Yihewani] - Turanci&nbsp; * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090517084654/http://www.shaliangzi.com/html/huizu/hmsyj/200810/22-150_3.html Huizu lishi dashiji] - Sinanci&nbsp; * Ikhwani - Turanci&nbsp; * [http://muslimwww.com/Article/lsrw/200601/373.html Zhongguo Yisilanjiao Yihewanyi mahaifin changdaozhe Ma Wanfu] hn8bzjp9akxppuwnl1ftwfzw24lyg47 0 141200 820067 797083 2026-04-10T09:09:08Z BnHamid 12586 820067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Qazaghan''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 1358) shi ne amir na Qara'unas (1345 a ƙarshe - 1358) kuma mai mulkin Chagatai ul''Us'' (1346-1358). An bayyana ra'ayoyi masu zuwa game da asalin kabilanci na Qazaghan: 1) Vasily Bartold ya rubuta cewa Qazaghana mai yiwuwa ne daga kabilar Kauchin; ya yi imanin cewa Kauchins kabilar Mongol ce ta Turkisized; 2) A cikin sauran aikinsa na farko, Bartold ya kira Qazagham sarkin Turkic. Ba a san asalin Qazaghan ba; yana yiwuwa ya zama shugaban Qara'unas ta hanyar nadin maimakon gado A cikin 1345 ya yi tawaye da mai mulkinsa, Chagatai Khan Qazan, amma an ci shi. A shekara mai zuwa ya sake gwadawa kuma ya yi nasara wajen kashe khan. Mutuwar Qazan ta nuna ƙarshen tasirin ikon Chagatai khans a cikin ul''Us''; khans na gaba sun kasance sarakuna ne kawai. Qazaghan, don sha'awar kiyaye hoto na halattacce, ya gamsu da kansa da taken amir kuma ya ba da taken khan ga zuriyar [[Genghis Khan]] da ya zaɓa: na farko Danishmendji (1346-1348) sannan Bayan Quli (1348-1358). A cikin shekaru goma sha biyu da Qazaghan ya yi aiki a matsayin iko a bayan kursiyin, khanate ya zama ƙungiya mai sauƙi na kabilun da ke girmama ikon Qazaghana da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, kodayake da farko ya ba da umarnin amincin kabilun kudancin ul''Us''. Biye da misalin khans a gabansa, Qazaghan ya kai hari arewacin [[Indiya]]. Ya kuma aika da sojoji dubbai da yawa don taimakawa Sultan na Delhi, Muhammad bin Tughluq, a kan 'yan tawaye a kasarsa a cikin 1350 ko 1351 kuma ya goyi bayan ɗansa Firuz Shah Tughlaq zuwa kursiyin. Bayan korafe-korafe daga kabilun [[Arlat]] da [[Arpardi]], wadanda suka kasance mambobi ne na ul''Us'', na hare-haren da Kartids suka yi a karkashin Mu'izzu'd-Din, Qazaghan ya tsara aikin azabtarwa tare da mafi yawan kabilun kudancin ul''Us''. Kungiyar hadin gwiwa ta kori [[Herat]] kuma ta tara ganima mai yawa. A shekara ta 1358 dan Borolday ne ya kashe Qazaghan, wanda ya kasance amir na Qara'unas kafin Qazaghana. Ya tayar da fushin wanda ya kashe shi ta hanyar hana shi tumen na Borolday. Ɗansa, 'Abdullah ne ya gaje shi a matsayin shugaban Qara'unas. == Bayani == {{Reflist}} == Manazarta == * Manz, Beatrice Forbes, The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane . Cambridge University Press, 1989, .{{ISBN|0-521-34595-2}} 53n78mvec6jif5w50hkynhda5g8y92p 0 142943 820018 802865 2026-04-10T08:37:17Z BnHamid 12586 820018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Noor-un-Nisa Inayat Khan''', GC (1 ga Janairun 1914 - 13 ga Satumba 1944), wanda aka fi sani da '''Nora Inayat-Khan''' da '''Nora Baker''', wakilin Burtaniya ne a Faransa a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] wanda ya yi aiki a cikin Babban Jami'in Ayyuka na Musamman (SOE). Manufar SOE ita ce gudanar da leken asiri, sabuntawa, da bincike a cikin ƙasashen da ikon Axis ya mamaye, musamman waɗanda Nazi Jamus ta mamaye. A matsayinta na wakilin SOE a karkashin sunan '''Madeleine''' ta zama mace ta farko da za a aika daga Burtaniya zuwa Faransa da aka mamaye don taimakawa Faransanci Resistance a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. An ci amanar Inayat Khan, an kama shi, kuma an kashe shi a sansanin Dachau. An ba ta lambar yabo ta George Cross bayan mutuwarta, mafi girman kayan ado na farar hula don jaruntaka a Ingila. == Rayuwa ta farko == [[Fayil:Inayat_Khan_family_photo_before_1930.png|left|thumb|Hoton dangin Khan kafin 1930]] An haifi Noor Inayat Khan a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1914, a Moscow.[1] Ita ce babbar 'ya'ya huɗu.[2] 'Yan uwanta sune Vilayat Inayat Khan, marubuciya kuma malamar Sufi; Hidayat Inayat Khan, mawaƙiya kuma malamar Sufi; da kuma Khair-un-Nisa Inayat Khan.[3] Mahaifinta, Inayat Khan, an haife shi ne a Baroda, Shugabancin Bombay, kuma ya fito ne daga dangin [[Musulunci a Indiya|Musulmai na Indiya]] <ref name="delhi">{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Tomb of Hazrat Inayat Khan |url=http://www.delhiinformation.in/tombs/tombofhazratinayatkhan.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805072106/http://www.delhiinformation.in/tombs/tombofhazratinayatkhan.html |archive-date=5 August 2016 |access-date=5 June 2016 |website=Delhi Information}}</ref> tare da manyan sarakuna da mawaƙa na gargajiya a bangarorin biyu na kakanninsa. Kakan Inayat Khan shine Tipu Sultan mai mulkin Mysore. Inayat Khan ya zauna a Turai a matsayin mawaƙi da kuma malamin [[Sufiyya|Sufism]] . Mahaifiyarta, Pirani Ameena Begum (an haife ta Ora Ray Baker), Ba'amurke ce <ref name="delhi" /> daga Albuquerque, New Mexico, wacce ta sadu da Inayat Khan yayin tafiye-tafiyensa a Amurka.<ref name="sufi">{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Noor-un-nisa Inayat Khan |url=http://www.sufiorder.org/noor.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234800/http://www.sufiorder.org/noor.html |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=5 June 2016 |website=Sufi Order International}}</ref> [bayanin kula 1] Bayan haka, Vilayat ya zama shugaban Sufi Order of the West, daga baya Sufi Order International, kuma yanzu Inayati Order.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2015 |title=Our New Name |url=https://inayatiorder.org/our-new-name/ |access-date=5 May 2019 |website=Inayat Order Website}}</ref> A shekara ta 1914, jim [[Landan]] kafin barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]], iyalin sun bar Rasha zuwa [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]], kuma sun zauna a unguwar Bloomsbury ta London. Noor ta halarci makarantar yara a Notting Hill . A cikin 1920, iyalin suka koma Faransa, suka zauna a Suresnes kusa da Paris, a cikin gidan da ya kasance kyauta daga mai ba da gudummawa ga ƙungiyar Sufi. Yayinda take yarinya, an bayyana Noor a matsayin mai shiru, mai jin kunya, mai hankali, da mafarki. Bayan rasuwar mahaifinta a 1927, Noor mai shekaru 13 ta ɗauki alhakin 'yan uwanta daga mahaifiyarta mai baƙin ciki.{{Sfn|Basu|2006}} Ta yi karatun ilimin halayyar yara a Sorbonne, da kuma kiɗa a Conservatory na Paris a ƙarƙashin Nadia Boulanger, tana tsarawa don duka garaya da Piano. Yayinda take budurwa, Noor ta fara aiki a matsayin marubuciya, tana buga waƙoƙinta da Labaran yara a Turanci da Faransanci kuma ta zama mai ba da gudummawa na yau da kullun ga mujallu na yara da rediyo na Faransanci. A cikin 1939, littafinta Twenty Jataka Tales, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar ''Labaran Jataka'' na al'adar Buddha, George G. Harrap da Co ne suka buga shi a London. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], lokacin da Nazi Jamus An ci Faransa, iyalin suka gudu zuwa [[Bordeaux]] sannan ta teku zuwa Burtaniya, suka sauka a Falmouth, Cornwall, a ranar 22 ga Yuni 1940. Da farko sun zauna a [[Southampton]], a gidan iyaye na masanin falsafa Basil Mitchell. [Littafi na 1] == Sojojin Sama na Mata == Kodayake Noor ta sami rinjaye sosai daga manufofin masu zaman lafiya, ita da ɗan'uwanta Vilayat sun yanke shawarar cewa suna so su taimaka wajen kayar da zalunci na Nazi: "Ina fatan wasu Indiyawa za su sami babban bambancin soja a wannan yaƙin. Idan ɗaya ko biyu zasu iya yin wani abu a cikin sabis na Allied wanda yake da ƙarfin zuciya sosai kuma wanda kowa yake sha'awar zai taimaka wajen yin gada tsakanin mutanen Ingila da Indiyawa".{{Sfn|Visram|1986}} A watan Nuwamba 1940, Noor ta shiga rundunar sojan sama ta mata (WAAF) kuma, a matsayin Aircraftwoman Class 2, an tura ta don a horar da ita a matsayin mai aiki mara waya.{{Sfn|Kramer|1995}} Bayan an sanya ta a makarantar horar da masu fashewa da bama-bamai a watan Yunin 1941, ta nemi kwamiti a kokarin sauƙaƙa kanta daga aikin da ba shi da kyau a can.{{Sfn|Kramer|1995}} == Babban Jami'in Ayyuka na Musamman == [[Fayil:Wanborough_Manor,_Surrey-geograph-2376980-by-John-Salmon.jpg|thumb|Wanborough Manor]] Daga baya, an dauki Noor Inayat Khan don shiga Sashen F (Faransa) na Babban Jami'in Ayyuka na Musamman; kuma a farkon Fabrairu 1943 an tura ta zuwa Ma'aikatar Air, Daraktan Air Intelligence, ta kasance mai ba da gudummawa ga First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (FANY). An tura ta zuwa Wanborough Manor, kusa da Guildford a Surrey, bayan haka aka umarce ta zuwa Aylesbury, a Buckinghamshire, don horo na musamman a matsayin mai ba da waya a yankin da aka mamaye.{{Sfn|Kramer|1995}} Ita ce mace ta farko da aka tura a irin wannan matsayi, kamar yadda aka tura dukkan jami'an mata da ke gabanta a matsayin masu aikawa.{{Sfn|Kramer|1995}} Bayan da ya sami horo na waya (W / T) na baya, Noor yana da fa'ida a kan waɗanda ke fara horar da su na rediyo, kuma an dauke shi da sauri da daidaito.{{Sfn|Helm|2005}} Daga Aylesbury, Noor ya ci gaba zuwa Beaulieu, inda aka rufe horo na tsaro tare da aikin motsa jiki - a cikin yanayin masu aiki mara waya, don neman wuri a cikin wani baƙon birni wanda za su iya aikawa ga masu koyar da su ba tare da wani wakili da ba su sani ba wanda zai yi musu inuwa ba.{{Sfn|Kramer|1995}} Babban horo shine tambayoyin Gestapo, wanda aka yi niyya don ba jami'ai ɗanɗano game da abin da zai iya kasancewa a gare su idan aka kama su, da kuma wasu motsa jiki wajen kiyaye labarin su. Jami'in Noor da ya tsere ya sami tambayoyinta "kusan ba za a iya jurewa ba" kuma ya ba da rahoton cewa "ta yi kama da tsoro ... don haka ta kusan rasa muryarta", kuma daga baya, "ta yi rawar jiki kuma ba ta da kyau. <ref name="princessspy">{{Cite web |date=19 May 2006 |title=Timewatch: The Princess Spy |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00791l6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401050650/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00791l6 |archive-date=1 April 2016 |access-date=5 June 2016 |website=[[BBC Two]]}}</ref>[duba kalaman kalmomi] Rahoton ta ƙarshe [bayanin 1] ya karanta: "Ba a cika da kwakwalwa ba amma ta yi aiki sosai kuma ta nuna ƙwazo, ban da wasu ƙiyayya da ɓangaren tsaro na hanya.{{Sfn|Helm|2005}}{{Sfn|Kramer|1995}} Shugabannin Noor suna da ra'ayoyi masu rikitarwa game da cancanta ga yaƙi na sirri, kuma horar da ita ba ta cika ba saboda buƙatar samun horar da masu aiki na W / T a fagen. Halayen "kamar yara" na Khan, musamman halin kirki da "rashin makirci", ya damu sosai ga malamai a makarantun horar da SOE.[1] Ɗaya daga cikin malamai ya rubuta cewa "ta furta cewa ba za ta so ta yi wani abu ba 'biyu da aka fuskanta'", yayin da wani ya ce tana da "mace sosai a cikin hali, tana da sha'awar faranta wa kanta rai, tana shirye sosai don daidaita kanta da yanayin kamfanin; ɗayan tattaunawar, tana da ikon haɗe-haɗe masu ƙarfi, zuciya, motsin rai, tunanin. " Wani mai kallo ya ce: "Ya kasance mai zurfiyar da yawa ba tare da ra'ayin da abin da aka horar da ita ba".[1][1] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1914]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 03stuabtkarmdkwvjbtu3632fzvjgrw 0 143715 820056 804973 2026-04-10T09:03:00Z BnHamid 12586 820056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Countess Amalie Maximilianovna Adlerberg''' (16 ga Yuni 1808, Regensburg – 21 ga Yuni 1888, Tegernsee ) 'yar Duchess Therese ta Mecklenburg-Strelitz ce, wacce jami'in diflomasiyyar Bavaria Maximilian-Emmanuel Graf von und zu Lerchenfeld auf Köfering und Schönberg (1772–1809) ta haifa. Duchess Therese ta yi soyayya da jami'in diflomasiyyar Bavaria yayin da mijinta Karl Alexander, Yarima na 5 na Thurn da Taxis, ya kasance a [[Faris|birnin Paris]] tsawon shekaru da dama bisa gayyatar [[Napoleon]] . Mahaifiyar Amalie goggon Sarauniya Alexandra Feodorovna ce, matar Tsar Nicholas I. Mijin mahaifiyarta, Karl Alexander Fürst von Thurn und Taxis (1770–1827), Napoleon ya gayyace shi don sabbin ayyukansa, kuma ya zauna a Paris tsawon shekaru. A lokacin da ba ya nan, Gimbiya Therese ta yi sha'awar soyayya da Count Maximilian-Emmanuel von Lerchenfeld (1772–1809). Bayan mutuwar mahaifinta, Graf von Lerchenfeld, a ranar 19 ga Oktoba 1809, an sanya Amalie a hannun dangin "von Sternfeld" na Therese a Darmstadt (a lokacin tana cikin Grand Duchy na Hesse ), kuma jaririn ya ɗauki sunan mahaifi bayan an haife ta. Daga baya aka kawo Amalie von Sternfeld zuwa Regensburg, kusa da Gimbiya Therese, kuma aka canza sunan mahaifi zuwa "Stargard". Daga ƙarshe dangin Lerchenfeld suka kula da ita kuma suka zauna a fadarsu da ke [[München|Munich]] ko kuma a gidan dangin da ke Köfering kusa da Regensburg . A ƙarshe, a ranar 1 ga Agusta 1823, Babban Duke na Hesse ya ba wa Amalie Stargard mai shekaru goma sha biyar izinin ɗaukar sunan mahaifi "von Lerchenfeld", amma ba tare da haƙƙin amfani da rigar yaƙi ko a saka ta cikin bishiyar iyali ba, wanda shine farashin haihuwarta bayan aure. == Matasa == A shekarar 1822, Amalie Stargard, kyakkyawar 'yar shekara goma sha biyar, ta haɗu da matashi Fyodor Tyutchev, wanda ya kasance mai hulɗa da ofishin diflomasiyyar Rasha, wanda ya zo daga [[Saint-Petersburg|Saint Petersburg]] . Tyutchev mai shekaru goma sha tara ya kamu da soyayya kuma matasan biyu sun yi musayar ra'ayoyi masu daɗi game da soyayya. Waƙar Tyutchev mai suna ''Tears'' or ''Slyozy'' (Russian: ''[[wikisource:ru:Слёзы (Тютчев)|Люблю, друзья, ласкать очами …]]'' ) ta yi daidai da ɗaya daga cikin kwanakinsu, kuma wataƙila an keɓe ta ga Amalie. Daga cikin wasu waƙoƙin da Amalie ta yi wahayi zuwa gare su akwai ''K N.'' da ''I Remember the Golden Time…'' === Auren farko === [[Fayil:Kruedener_v10_p19.png|thumb|304x304px|Alamar hannun Barons von Krüdener]] Amalie mai fure ta jawo hankalin sakataren farko na wakilan diflomasiyyar Rasha, Baron [[Alexander von Krüdener]] (1786–1852). Tsohuwar diflomasiyyar ta fito ne daga Jamus, kuma gimbiya mai tasowa amma mai aiki tukuru ta zaɓi laƙabin baron maimakon mawaƙin da ba a laƙaba masa suna Tyutchev. Wasiƙu da littattafan tarihin Count Maximilian Joseph von Lerchenfeld sun haskaka shekarun farko na Tyutchev a matsayin diflomasiyya a Munich (1822–26), suna ba da cikakkun bayanai game da soyayyarsa da Amalie, kusan ta haɗa da faɗa da abokin aikinsa (a ranar 19 ga Janairu 1825). A ranar 31 ga Agusta 1825, Amalie von Lerchenfeld mai shekaru 17 ta auri Baron Krüdener a Köfering . An haifi ɗanta na fari, Nikolai-Arthur, a ranar 2 July [ . === Tyutchevs da Krüdeners === Tyutchevs da Krüdeners sun ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin wannan ƙungiyar diflomasiyya, kusan maƙwabta ne na kusa da Tyutchevs da ke zaune a Karolinenplatz 1, kuma Krüdeners suna da nisan tafiyar minti biyar a kan Briennestrasse 15. Fyodor Tyutchev ya ci gaba da ganin Amalie, amma a cikin iyalai. Yarima Karl, ɗan'uwan Sarki Ludwig na ɗaya na Bavaria, da sarkin da kansa sun yi mamakin kyakkyawar Amalie. Ludwig I ya yi odar hoton Amalie mai mai ga mai zane Joseph Stieler don Gallery of Beauties ɗinsa. An kammala shi a 1828 kuma a yau ana iya ganinsa a Fadar Nymphenburg da ke [[München|Munich]] . A watan Afrilun 1836, Fyodor Tyutchev ya sadaukar da waƙarsa mai ''suna "I Remember the Golden Time"'' ga Amalie. Wannan waƙar ba ta game da soyayya ba ce, amma tunawa da soyayya ce, ta tarurrukansu na baya a tsaunukan Regensburg. Daga baya Mieczysław Weinberg ya fassara waƙar, a cikin ''littafin Opus 25: Six Romances bayan F. Tutchev don mawaƙi da piano'' (1945) a cikin soyayyar suna ɗaya. == Babban al'ummar Rasha == A watan Afrilun 1836, Baron von Krüdener ya sami ci gaba sannan ya tafi Rasha . Amalie ta kawo wakokin Tyutchev gungun (fiye da 100) zuwa Saint Petersburg . Ta ba wa tsohon abokin aikin mawaƙin, Yarima Ivan Gagarin da dama daga cikinsu. Gagarin ya rubuta wakoki da dama kuma ya ba shi su karanta wa Alexander Pushkin, mawallafin Sovremennik, mujallar adabi mafi tasiri a Rasha. Pushkin ya yi matukar farin ciki kuma ya buga su nan take. Don haka, Amalie ta taimaka wa Tyutchev ya sami karbuwa a ƙasarsa. Masu rubuta tarihin Pushkin kamar [[Alexander Shik]] sun bayyana cewa Alexander Pushkin ya ji tausayin Amalie kuma ya yi ƙoƙarin yi mata gori a ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru. Natalia Pushkina, ɗaya daga cikin mata mafi kyau a Rasha, dole ta "yi magana" da mijinta, bayan haka mawaƙin yana yi masa barkwanci cewa "Madonna tana da hannu mai nauyi..." Count Alexander von Benckendorff wani mai sha'awar Baroness Amalie von Krüdener ne. Tasirinta ya yi yawa har ma ya koma [[Cocin katolika|addinin Katolika]] a ɓoye. A cikin Daular Rasha, inda Orthodoxy shine addinin gwamnati, wannan matakin zai fuskanci hukunci na shekaru da yawa na katorga (asirin ya bayyana ne kawai bayan mutuwar Benckendorff). Ya kuma taimaka wajen dawo da Fyodor Tyutchev a Ma'aikatar bayan an kore shi a 1843, kuma ya shirya taron Tyutchev tare da Nicholas I na Rasha da Minista Karl von Nesselrode . Mai Martaba Nicholas I na Rasha da kansa bai nuna damuwa ga Amalie ba; a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1836 ta sami wata riga mai tsada ta gashi a matsayin kyauta daga Tsar wanda ta samu akan haƙƙin ɗan'uwanta. == Aure da Adlerberg == [[Fayil:Adlerbergi_suguvõsa_krahvivapp.jpg|thumb|267x267px|Alamar makamai ta Counts Adlerberg]]<ref>The Married Pushkin by Alexander Shik, p. 68, 1936</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 707cbsl1z800ue2nr9w9x788eqn8uzq 0 146573 820015 813476 2026-04-10T08:35:12Z BnHamid 12586 820015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abuja_monuments_34.jpg|thumb|Hedikwatar a [[Abuja]]]] An kafa Majalisar Inganta Kasuwancin Najeriya (NEPC) ta hanyar gabatar da "Dokar Majalisar Ingantaccen Kasuwancin Nijar No. 26 na 1976", yanzu Dokar da ta dace da mulkin dimokuradiyya na kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-13 |title=Buhari appoints new CEO for Nigerian Export Promotion Council |url=https://nairametrics.com/2021/10/13/buhari-appoints-new-ceo-for-nigerian-export-promotion-council/ |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}</ref> An yi wa wannan Dokar gyare-gyare ta Dokar No. 72 ta 1979 kuma an kara yin gyare- gyare-gine ta Dokar Inganta fitar da kayayyaki ta Najeriya No. 41 ta 1988 kuma an kara da Dokar fitarwa (Incentives da Miscellaneous Provisions) Dokar No. 18 ta 1986. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-13 |title=Buhari appoints new CEO for Nigerian Export Promotion Council |url=https://nairametrics.com/2021/10/13/buhari-appoints-new-ceo-for-nigerian-export-promotion-council/ |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, an gabatar da Dokar Majalisar Tallafin Fitar da Kasuwancin Najeriya (Gwamma) No. 64 da 65 na 1992 don inganta aikin Majalisar. Majalisar ita ce babbar hukumar Gwamnatin Tarayya da ke da alhakin inganta fitar da man fetur a Najeriya don rarraba daga man fetur da gina tattalin arziki mai ban tsoro. Hedikwatar Majalisar tana cikin Gidan fitarwa, Plot 424 Aguiyi Ironsi Street, Maitama, Abuja . == Tarihi == The '''Nigerian Export Promotion Council] (NEPC)<ref>{{Cite web |title=NEPC- Nigeria Export Promotion Council - Home |url=https://nepc.gov.ng/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051125222627/http://nepc.gov.ng/ |archive-date=2005-11-25 |access-date=2025-05-25}}</ref>''' was established through the promulgation of the [[Najeriya|Nigerian]] Export Promotion Council Decree No. 26 of 1976 and was formally implemented in March 1977.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-18 |title=NEPC reveals why Nigerian exports fail in international market |url=https://nairametrics.com/2021/10/18/nepc-reveals-why-nigerian-exports-fail-in-international-market/ |access-date=2022-02-10 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}</ref> The act was amended by Decree No. 72 of 1979 and further amended by the Nigerian Export Promotion Council Decree No. 41 of 1988. Appended to the law was the Export (Incentives and Miscellaneous Provisions) Decree No. 18 of 1986, as well as the Nigerian Export Promotion Council Amendment Decree No. 64 of 1992. The last was authored to enhance the performance of the council by minimizing bureaucratic bottlenecks and increasing autonomy in dealing with members of the organized private sector. The Council has a governing board drawn from both the public and private sectors.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2026}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2026)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Manufa da ayyuka == Don jagorantar bambancin tattalin arzikin Najeriya ta hanyar fadadawa da kara fitar da man fetur ba don ci gaban tattalin arziki mai ɗorewa da haɗin kai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ikenna |first=Obioha |title=critical analysis and performance evaluation of Nigeria Export Promotion Council |url=http://www.unn.edu.ng/publications/files/Critical%20analysis%20and%20performance%20evaluation%20of%20Nigeria%20export%20promotion%20council.pdf}}</ref> * Don inganta ci gaba da rarraba kasuwancin fitar da Najeriya. * Don taimakawa wajen inganta ci gaban masana'antun da suka shafi fitarwa a Najeriya. * Don jagorantar kirkirar abubuwan fitarwa masu dacewa da * Don yin aiki sosai da inganta aiwatar da manufofi da shirye-shiryen fitarwa na Gwamnatin Najeriya. * Don daidaita ayyukan inganta fitar da kayayyaki a [[Najeriya]]. * Don tattara da rarraba bayanai game da samfuran da ake samu don fitarwa. * Don tattara da rarraba bayanai ga masana'antun gida da masu fitarwa game da kasuwannin kasashen waje. * Don samar da taimakon fasaha ga masu fitar da kayayyaki na cikin gida a cikin irin waɗannan yankuna kamar hanyoyin fitarwa da takardu, sufuri, kudi, dabarun tallace-tallace, kula da inganci, kunshin fitarwa, farashi da farashi, tallace-tarke, da sauran irin waɗannan yankunan. * Don kula da isasshen wakilci mai tasiri a wasu ƙasashe. * Don samarwa, kai tsaye ko tare, tare da cibiyoyin horo, horar da ma'aikatanta da taimakawa tare da ci gaban ma'aikata na al'ummar fitarwa a Najeriya. * Don shirya da kuma tsara shiga Najeriya a cikin baje kolin kasuwanci da nune-nunen. * Don gudanar da tallafi da sauran fa'idodi da suka shafi inganta fitarwa da ci gaba. * Don gudanar da nazarin yanayin tattalin arziki na yanzu, tare da kulawa ta musamman ga bangaren fitarwa don ba da shawara ga gwamnati kan manufofi da matakan da suka dace. * Don kafa takamaiman wuraren inganta kasuwanci a Najeriya da sauran ƙasashe ciki har da kafa ɗakunan baje kolin dindindin a manyan cibiyoyin kasuwanci a wasu ƙasashe. * Don shiga cikin tallace-tallace na fitarwa * Don bin sauƙaƙewa da daidaita hanyoyin fitarwa da takardu a kai a kai * Don taimakawa wajen gano mafita masu dacewa ga matsalolin da masu fitarwa suka fuskanta a cikin tsarin fitarwa. * Don tsarawa da shirya ayyukan kasuwanci na waje da kuma samar da tallafi daga Najeriya. * Don yin irin waɗannan ayyukan da za su iya taimakawa wajen cimma burin Dokokin fitarwa. == Tsarinsa == Gudanar da Majalisar tana karkashin jagorancin Babban Darakta / Shugaba. Majalisar tana da sassan da yawa waɗanda Daraktoci ke jagoranta. Akwai ofisoshin yanki guda shida (ɗaya a kowane yanki na siyasa) karkashin jagorancin masu kula da yanki. Sa'an nan kuma akwai Ofisoshin Gudanar da Jiha a duk sauran jihohin da masu Gudanar da Gwamnati ke jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-17 |title=NEPC to train 80 youths on export procedures to boost non-oil exports |url=https://businessday.ng/business-economy/article/nepc-to-train-80-youths-on-export-procedures-to-boost-non-oil-exports/ |access-date=2020-11-09 |website=Businessday NG |language=en-US}}</ref> Ma'aikatun sune: * Ma'aikatar Ayyuka ta Kamfanoni * Ma'aikatar Ci gaban Kasuwanci da Karfafawa * Ma'aikatar Ci gaban Kayayyaki * Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta Kasuwanci * Ma'aikatar Siyasa da Dabarun * Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Ofisoshin Jiha * Ma'aikatar Samun Kasuwanci * Ofishin Babban Jami'in Sashen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About NEPC {{!}} NEPC |url=https://nepc.gov.ng/about-us/about-nepc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729025609/http://nepc.gov.ng/about-us/about-nepc/ |archive-date=2018-07-29 |access-date=2025-05-25}}</ref> == Gudanarwa == Babban Darakta / Shugaba na Majalisar Tallafin Fitar da Kasuwancin Najeriya (NEPC) shine Mista [[Segun Awolowo]] daga 2013-2017 Babban Darakta / Shugaba na Majalisar Tallafin Fitar da Kasuwancin Najeriya (NEPC) shine Dokta Ezra Yakusak 2021-2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=RR |date=2021-10-13 |title=Yakusak Replaces Segun Awolowo as NEPC Boss |url=https://economicconfidential.com/2021/10/yakusak-replaces-segun-awolowo/ |access-date=2022-02-07 |website=Economic Confidential |language=en-US}}</ref> The Executive Director/CEO of The Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC) is Mrs. Nonye Ayeni 2023 - date{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2026}} == Dubi kuma == * [[Tattalin arzikin Najeriya]] * [[LADOL]] - yanki na musamman na tattalin arzikiYankin tattalin arziki na musamman == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hrppk5e006id7z303tf92atrju6mz4h 0 146719 819900 818975 2026-04-09T20:35:51Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Saad Nuhu moved page [[Maryam Unar Maigari]] to [[Maryam Umar Maigari]]: Misspelled title 818975 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maryam Umar Maigari''' (ta fi shahara da suna Maryam Maigari) malamar kimiyya ce kuma mai bincike daga Najeriya, wacce ke aiki a [[Federal College of Education (Technical), Gombe]] a sashen [[Integrated science]] a Gombe, Najeriya. Ta shahara wajen gudanar da bincike da wallafa makaloli a fannoni kamar nazarin haɗarin lafiyar muhalli, sinadarai, da kimiyyar rayuwa, musamman dangane da ƙwayoyin cuta da abubuwan guba a muhalli.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maryam-Maigari-2 Maryam Maigari – ResearchGate]</ref> == Rayuwa da Aiki == Maryam Umar Maigari ta kasance lecturer a sashen Integrated Science na Federal College of Education (Technical), Gombe, inda take koyarwa da jagorantar masu karatun kimiyya da nazarin muhalli. A matsayin malama, tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen horar da ɗalibai da kuma gudanar da bincike a fannin kimiyyar rayuwa da muhalli.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maryam-Maigari-2 Maryam Maigari – ResearchGate]</ref> == Bincike da Ayyukan Ilimi == Maryam Maigari ta wallafa makaloli da dama da ke ɗauke da bincike kan batutuwa masu mahimmanci ga lafiyar jama'a da muhalli. Wasu daga cikin mahimman ayyukanta sun haɗa da: * Nazarin yadda ragowar kimiyya daga sinadaran **glyphosate** ke tasiri wajen haɗarin lafiyar ɗan adam a kayan abinci kamar shinkafa da wake a Jihar Gombe, Najeriya.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maryam-Maigari-2 Maryam Maigari – ResearchGate]</ref> * Kimanta haɗarin muhalli na manyan ƙwayoyi a ruwan sha daga rijiyoyi a yankin Gombe.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maryam-Maigari-2 Maryam Maigari – ResearchGate]</ref> * Bincike kan sinadarai masu amfani wajen kwantar da ciwon suga da kuma tasirin antioxidant ga masu cutar.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maryam-Maigari-2 Maryam Maigari – ResearchGate]</ref> * Makala kan cutar Hepatitis C da yadda ake gano da sarrafa ta, tare da masu haɗin gwiwa daga sashen Chemistry na jami'a.<ref>[https://gotejfcetgombe.com.ng/index.php/gotej/article/download/134/150?utm_source=chatgpt.com GOTEJ Journal]</ref> Ta kasance mai aiki tare da masu bincike daga wasu cibiyoyi da jami’o’i, kuma an ce tana da sha’awar cin gajiyar gwaninta wajen inganta nazarin muhalli da kimiyar lafiya a Najeriya.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maryam-Maigari-2 Maryam Maigari – ResearchGate]</ref> == Mahimmanci == Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu ilimi a fannin Integrated Science da suka taka rawa wajen bunkasa bincike a Najeriya, musamman a yankin Arewa maso Gabas ta Najeriya. Ayyukanta sun taimaka wajen fahimtar yadda sinadarai da yanayin muhalli ke shafar lafiyar jama’a, da kuma ƙarfafa bincike da ilimi tsakanin ɗalibai da sauran masu bincike.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maryam-Maigari-2 Maryam Maigari – ResearchGate]</ref> == Manazarta == 5wwuarywimjdyzn20555ttv1pt7ydd6 0 147833 820011 819815 2026-04-10T07:55:50Z Musa Vacho77 9881 Saka Manazarta 820011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lauretta M. Schimmoler''' (Satumba 17, 1900 - Janairu 1981) matukiyar jirgin sama ce wacce ita ce mace ta farko a Amurka da ta kafa filin jirgin sama a Amurka, mace ta farko da ta jagoranci wani mukami a rundunar sojojin Amurka kuma ita ce ta kafa rundunar ma'aikatan jinya ta jiragen sama ta Amurka wadda ta gabaci ma'aikatan jinya na [[United States Air Force|rundunar sojin saman Amurka]] .<ref><nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20111108173751/http://www.brooks-salute.org/1948-1990.htm</nowiki></ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == Schimmoler ta kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Bliss da ke [[Columbus|Columbus, Ohio]] kuma ta fara karatun lauya bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin mai rubuta rubutun shari'a a kotu. Ta bar karatun lauya ta zama sakatare a wani wurin kiwon kaji a Bucyrus, Ohio wanda ya sa ta zama mamallakin kasuwancin kaji nata. <ref>p.78 Royster. Jacqueline Jones Profiles of Ohio Women, 1803-2003 Ohio University Press, 2003</ref> Rayuwarta ta canza lokacin da ta shaida gwajin jirgin sama a Dayton. Ta fara bincike mai zurfi kan jirgin sama ta hanyar yin aiki a wurare daban-daban tare da Amurka Air Mail, Lockheed Aircraft inda ta yi nazarin kera jiragen sama da Hukumar Yanayi ta Amurka inda ta sami lasisin tukin jirgin sama na ɗalibi a ranar 10 ga Agusta, 1929, sannan ta zama manajan talla na makarantar jirgin sama. Ta zama mace ta farko da ta kafa kuma ta kula da filin jirgin sama bayan kafa Port Bucyrus . Ta sami lasisin tukin jirgin sama na cikakken lokaci a ranar 8 ga Satumba, 1930. A watan Afrilun 1931, domin girmama ayyukanta a fannin sufurin jiragen sama, an zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar hukumar sashin arewa maso tsakiya na 90-90 . [1] Ta ƙaura zuwa filin jirgin sama na Cleveland a watan Nuwamban 1932 don kafa hedikwatar ƙungiyar, inda ta karɓi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar makarantar jirgin sama ta Vi-Air-Ways. [2] Bayan ganin sakamakon guguwar guguwa a Ohio a shekarar 1930, Schimmoler ta ga buƙatar kwashe marasa lafiya ta jirgin sama kuma ta ƙirƙiri abin da a yau ake kira magabatan ma'aikacin jirgin sama . A shekarar 1933 ta kafa Hukumar Gaggawa ta Jirgin Sama. A shekarar 1936 aka sake fasalinta a matsayin Rundunar Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Aerial tare da ma'aikatan jinya 78. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1981]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1900]] ddggtcg0eikt6dy0fjfpmrtgvgrd042 0 147843 819839 2026-04-09T12:05:11Z Ibn baaz 28481 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345069398|Marasmus]]" 819839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Marasmus | pronounce = | image = Starved child.jpg | caption = Photo from 1972 of an [[emaciated]] child in India with marasmus | specialty = [[Critical care medicine]] | symptoms = | duration = | causes = [[Starvation]], [[malnutrition]], [[cachexia]] | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = | alt = }} '''Marasmus''' wani nau'i ne na matuka a [[Rashin abinci mai gina jiki|Rashin wadacecen abinci mai gina jiki]] wanda ke nuna Rashin makamashi. Ana iya rarrabe shi daga kwashiorkor a cikin cewa kwashiorkur shine karancin furotin tare da isasshen makamashi yayin da marasmus ba shi da isasashin makamashi a kowane nau'i, haɗe da furotin. Zai iya faruwa ga kowa da ke da mummunan rashin abinci mai gina jiki amma yawanci yana faruwa a cikin yara. An rage nauyin jiki zuwa ƙasa da 62% na nauyin jiki na al'ada (da ake tsammani) don shekaru. yiwuwar kamuwa da Marasmus yana ƙaruwa kafin shekaru 1, yayin da kwashiorkor ke ƙaruwa bayan watanni 18. Wannan banbanci bayyane na marasmus da kwashiorkor duk da haka ba koyaushe yake bayyane ba ne a asibiti kamar yadda ake ganin kwashiorkur sau da yawa a cikin mahallin rashin isasshen abinci, kuma hotunan asibiti, wanda ake kira marasmic kwashiorkorkor, yana yiwuwa. Rashin furotin a cikin kwashiorkor gabaɗaya yana haifar da edema da ascites(kumburi mai ruwa), yayin da raguwar tsoka da asarar kitse na kasan fata sune manyan alamun asibiti na marasmus, wanda ke sa haƙarƙari da haɗin gwiwa su fito.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Müller |first=Olaf |last2=Krawinkel |first2=Michael |date=2 August 2005 |title=Malnutrition and health in developing countries |journal=CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal |volume=173 |issue=3 |pages=279–286 |doi=10.1503/cmaj.050342 |issn=0820-3946 |pmc=1180662 |pmid=16076825}}</ref> h42bfgtm8lminpr90actgsvcher569c 819862 819839 2026-04-09T13:21:53Z Ibn baaz 28481 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345069398|Marasmus]]" 819862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Marasmus | pronounce = | image = Starved child.jpg | caption = Photo from 1972 of an [[emaciated]] child in India with marasmus | specialty = [[Critical care medicine]] | symptoms = | duration = | causes = [[Starvation]], [[malnutrition]], [[cachexia]] | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = | alt = }} '''Marasmus''' wani nau'i ne na matuka a [[Rashin abinci mai gina jiki|Rashin wadacecen abinci mai gina jiki]] wanda ke nuna Rashin makamashi. Ana iya rarrabe shi daga kwashiorkor a cikin cewa kwashiorkur shine karancin furotin tare da isasshen makamashi yayin da marasmus ba shi da isasashin makamashi a kowane nau'i, haɗe da furotin. Zai iya faruwa ga kowa da ke da mummunan rashin abinci mai gina jiki amma yawanci yana faruwa a cikin yara. An rage nauyin jiki zuwa ƙasa da 62% na nauyin jiki na al'ada (da ake tsammani) don shekaru. yiwuwar kamuwa da Marasmus yana ƙaruwa kafin shekaru 1, yayin da kwashiorkor ke ƙaruwa bayan watanni 18. Wannan banbanci bayyane na marasmus da kwashiorkor duk da haka ba koyaushe yake bayyane ba ne a asibiti kamar yadda ake ganin kwashiorkur sau da yawa a cikin mahallin rashin isasshen abinci, kuma hotunan asibiti, wanda ake kira marasmic kwashiorkorkor, yana yiwuwa. Rashin furotin a cikin kwashiorkor gabaɗaya yana haifar da edema da ascites(kumburi mai ruwa), yayin da raguwar tsoka da asarar kitse na kasan fata sune manyan alamun asibiti na marasmus, wanda ke sa haƙarƙari da haɗin gwiwa su fito.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Müller |first=Olaf |last2=Krawinkel |first2=Michael |date=2 August 2005 |title=Malnutrition and health in developing countries |journal=CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal |volume=173 |issue=3 |pages=279–286 |doi=10.1503/cmaj.050342 |issn=0820-3946 |pmc=1180662 |pmid=16076825}}</ref> Hasashen ya fi kyau fiye da kwashiorkor.<ref name="pmid16762938">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Badaloo AV, Forrester T, Reid M, Jahoor F |date=June 2006 |title=Lipid kinetic differences between children with kwashiorkor and those with marasmus |journal=Am. J. Clin. Nutr. |volume=83 |issue=6 |pages=1283–8 |doi=10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1283 |pmid=16762938 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Marasmus shine nau'in rashin abinci mai gina jiki wanda ke da alaƙa da [[Kanjamau|Cutar kanjamau]], yana tasowa a matakai na ƙarshe na cutar kanjamaun yara, kuma hangen nesa ga yara da ke fama da marasmus da cutar kanjamau ba su da kyau.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Prazuck |first=Thierry |last2=Tall |first2=François |last3=Macro |first3=Boubacar |last4=Rochereau |first4=Anne |last5=Traore |first5=Antoinette |last6=Sanou |first6=Théophille |last7=Malkin |first7=Jean-Elie |last8=Apaire-Marchais |first8=Véronique |last9=Masson |first9=Damienne |last10=Dublanchet |first10=Alain |last11=Lafaix |first11=Christian |date=January 1993 |title=HIV infection and severe malnutrition |journal=AIDS |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=103–108 |doi=10.1097/00002030-199301000-00016 |issn=0269-9370 |s2cid=12330805}}</ref> Kalmar "marasmus" ta fito ne daga kalmar Helenanci μαρασμός ''marasmos'' ("ƙuntatawa"). == Alamomi da manuniniya == Marasmus yawanci ana wakilta shi ta hanyar raguwa, lalacewar bayyanar, asarar tsoka, da kuma kitse mai a cikin manya da suka tsira, saboda karancin manyan sinadaran gina jiki da caloric (musamman furotin) wanda ke shafar ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabinowitz |first=Simon |title=MD, PhD, FAAP |url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/984496-clinical#a0217 |access-date=29 January 2015 |website=Emedicine Medscape |publisher=Medscape |page=28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Francis-Emmanuel |first=Patrice |last2=Thompson |first2=Debbie |last3=Barnett |first3=Alan |last4=Osmond |first4=Clive |last5=Byrne |first5=Christopher |last6=Hanson |first6=Mark |last7=Gluckman |first7=Peter |last8=Forrester |first8=Terrance |last9=Micheal |first9=Boyne |date=1 June 2014 |title=Glucose Metabolism in Adult Survivors of Severe Acute Malnutrition |journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism |volume=99 |issue=6 |pages=2233–2240 |doi=10.1210/jc.2013-3511 |pmid=24517147}}</ref> Sauran tasirin marasmus na dogon lokaci sune karuwar haɗari na rashin aiki na pancreatic beta-cell wanda ke haifar da rashin haƙuri da glucose da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Grey |first=Kelsey |last2=Gonzales |first2=Gerard |last3=Abera |first3=Mubarek |last4=Lelijveld |first4=Natasha |last5=Thompson |first5=Debbie |last6=Berhane |first6=Melkamu |last7=Abdissa |first7=Alemseged |last8=Girma |first8=Tsinuel |date=10 March 2021 |title=Severe malnutrition or famine exposure in childhood and cardiometabolic non-communicable disease later in life: a systematic review |journal=BMJ Global Health |volume=6 |doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003161 |pmc=7949429 |pmid=33692144}}</ref> Wannan na iya haifar da rage nauyin tsoka, da kuma karuwar kitse. Bugu da ƙari, akwai tasirin metabolism ciki har da rage ƙarancin insulin da raunin metabolism na glucose. Har ila yau, akwai karuwar haɗarin wasu NCDs (Cututtukan da ba sa yaduwa) da CVRFs (Hanyoyin haɗarin zuciya). Ba wai kawai wadanda suka tsira daga marasmus sun kamu da cutar ba, har ma da 'ya'yansu. Akwai dangantaka tsakanin waɗanda suka tsira da 'ya'yansu da ke da ƙarancin nauyin jiki yayin haihuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Titi-Lartley |first=Owuraku |last2=Gupta |first2=Vikas |title=Marasmus |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |access-date=24 July 2023 |website=National Library of Medicine}}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai tasirin dogon lokaci da ke da alaƙa da methylation na kwayar halitta. Marasmus manya da suka tsira na iya samun canje-canje a cikin bayyanar kwayar halitta game da rigakafi, girma, da metabolism na glucose.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sheppard |first=Allan |last2=Ngo |first2=Sherry |last3=Li |first3=Xiaoling |last4=Boyne |first4=Micheal |last5=Thompson |first5=Debbie |last6=Pleasants |first6=Anthony |last7=Gluckman |first7=Peter |last8=Forrester |first8=Terrance |date=24 April 2017 |title=Molecular Evidence for Differential Long-term Outcomes of Early Life Severe Acute Malnutrition |journal=eBioMedicine |volume=18 |pages=274–280 |doi=10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.03.001 |pmc=5405153 |pmid=28330812}}</ref> == Binciken ganewa == Matakai na farko a cikin ganewar asali na marasmus sun kasance ta hanyar gwajin jiki da lissafin gaɓobin jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marasmus |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23296-marasmus |access-date=8 April 2024 |website=Clevland Clinic}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin siffofin da za a iya ganowa a cikin jarrabawar jiki sune mummunan lalacewa da raguwa, suna bayyana siranta mara kyau. Ana lissafin lalacewa ta hanyar auna nauyi don tsawo. Idan yaron ya kasance ya karkata 2 daga tsarin WHO ,ana daukar su a matsayin lalacewa. Ana lissafin ƙididdigar ta wannan hanyar, duk da haka, ana dogara da tsawo a ma'aunin shekaru. Ana kuma ɗaukar ma'auni ta hanyar kewayon tsakiyar sama hannu (MUAC). Bayan gwajin jiki da ma'auni, ana iya yin gwajin jini don tantance karancin furotin da kuma rashi a wasu manyan ma'adanai da bitamin. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen tantance matsayin abinci mai gina jiki kuma idan akwai alamun marasmus. A cikin matsanancin yanayin kamuwa da cuta, ana gudanar da gwaji na kāshi da ƙididdigar jini. Tunda marasmus wani nau'in yanayin abinci mai gina jiki ne wanda galibi ana danganta shi da kwashiorkor, wasu masu samarwa za su ga idan edema yana nan don tabbatar da cewa marasmus ne.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Marasmus? |url=https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-marasmus |access-date=8 April 2024 |website=WebMD}}</ref> Kasancewar edema yana da alaƙa da kwashiorkor, ba marasmus ba. anx5hlghlbmxi242phvjs49rbepmhnr 0 147844 819858 2026-04-09T13:05:40Z Halima Waziri 29451 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343160394|Frozan Fana]]" 819858 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Frozan Fana''' (an haife ta a shekarar 1969 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Contender Biographies - Pajhwok Exclusive Elections Website |url=http://pajhwokelections.af/contender_biography.php?id=109 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413143851/http://pajhwokelections.af/contender_biography.php?id=109 |archive-date=2014-04-13 |access-date=2014-04-12 |publisher=Pajhwokelections.af}}</ref> ) likita ce ta ƙasar Afghanistan wadda ta kasance ɗan takara a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Afghanistan a shekarar 2009. Abokin takararta shine Mohammad Nasim Darmand. Ba ta taɓa riƙe muƙamin siyasa ba a da. Duk da haka, ta auri Abdul Rahman, Ministan Sufurin Jiragen Sama na ƙasar Afghanistan wanda aka kashe. Kasar hausa da nunu da Hausawa da sauransu da yadda kowa yake a arewavda arewacin najeriya baki daya in FY 2022-23 and its ready hehehdbdjjdjdbdbdjdjdjdj Fana likitan ƙashin baya ne. An soki Fana saboda amfani da hotunan kamfen da ke dauke da hotonta a kansu. Wata mace kuma 'yar takarar shugaban ƙasa ce a shekarar 2009, [[Shahla Ata|Shahla Atta]] . Ta riga ta kasance memba a Wolesi Jirga, Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa ta Afghanistan. Bayan [[Massouda Jalal]] ta zo ta shida cikin 'yan takarar shugaban ƙasa goma sha takwas a shekarar 2004, sai Shugaba Hamid Karzai ya naɗa ta Ministar Harkokin Mata ta Afghanistan . A cewar Rosie DiManno, wacce ta rubuta a jaridar ''Toronto Star'', Fana ta fuskanci matsala wajen yin kamfe saboda jinsinta. Fana ta bayyana cewa jami'an tsaro sun yi watsi da ita, lokacin da ta nemi bayanai kan tsaro lokacin da ta tsara tarurrukan jama'a, don haka yawancin yakin neman zabenta ya ta'allaka ne kan gayyatar baƙi zuwa gidanta. DiManno ta bayyana damuwar Fana cewa wasu mutane a cikin gwamnatin Karzai sun kashe mijinta, wadanda suka dauke shi a matsayin wanda zai iya tsayawa takarar shugaban kasa. DiManno ta ambaci Fana game da wahalhalun da ta fuskanta wajen yin aiki a matsayin wata babbar mace wacce za ta iya zama abin koyi ga sauran mata: ''"Waɗannan mazan ba sa ma son in yi aiki a matsayin likita. Akwai haɗari mai yawa ga mata, har da cin zarafi da ake yi musu a gidajensu. Wa ya damu? Ba mazan da ke kan mulki ba. Ba sa yin komai."'' Sakamakon zaɓen farko ya sanya Fana ta takwas a cikin filin da ya ƙunshi kuri'u talatin da biyu . Kuri'u 8,159 na Fana sun wakilci ƙasa da kashi 0.5% na jimillar ƙuri'un da aka jefa. <ref name="Sabawoon" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20011129022125/http://www.frozan.org/ www.frozan.org/] {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] dyg6z1727t9ybsce6ab90gb43qyirp2 819859 819858 2026-04-09T13:06:27Z Halima Waziri 29451 Saka databox 819859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Frozan Fana''' (an haife ta a shekarar 1969 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Contender Biographies - Pajhwok Exclusive Elections Website |url=http://pajhwokelections.af/contender_biography.php?id=109 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413143851/http://pajhwokelections.af/contender_biography.php?id=109 |archive-date=2014-04-13 |access-date=2014-04-12 |publisher=Pajhwokelections.af}}</ref> ) likita ce ta ƙasar Afghanistan wadda ta kasance ɗan takara a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Afghanistan a shekarar 2009. Abokin takararta shine Mohammad Nasim Darmand. Ba ta taɓa riƙe muƙamin siyasa ba a da. Duk da haka, ta auri Abdul Rahman, Ministan Sufurin Jiragen Sama na ƙasar Afghanistan wanda aka kashe. Fana likitan ƙashin baya ne. An soki Fana saboda amfani da hotunan kamfen da ke dauke da hotonta a kansu. Wata mace kuma 'yar takarar shugaban ƙasa ce a shekarar 2009, [[Shahla Ata|Shahla Atta]] . Ta riga ta kasance memba a Wolesi Jirga, Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa ta Afghanistan. Bayan [[Massouda Jalal]] ta zo ta shida cikin 'yan takarar shugaban ƙasa goma sha takwas a shekarar 2004, sai Shugaba Hamid Karzai ya naɗa ta Ministar Harkokin Mata ta Afghanistan . A cewar Rosie DiManno, wacce ta rubuta a jaridar ''Toronto Star'', Fana ta fuskanci matsala wajen yin kamfe saboda jinsinta. Fana ta bayyana cewa jami'an tsaro sun yi watsi da ita, lokacin da ta nemi bayanai kan tsaro lokacin da ta tsara tarurrukan jama'a, don haka yawancin yakin neman zabenta ya ta'allaka ne kan gayyatar baƙi zuwa gidanta. DiManno ta bayyana damuwar Fana cewa wasu mutane a cikin gwamnatin Karzai sun kashe mijinta, wadanda suka dauke shi a matsayin wanda zai iya tsayawa takarar shugaban kasa. DiManno ta ambaci Fana game da wahalhalun da ta fuskanta wajen yin aiki a matsayin wata babbar mace wacce za ta iya zama abin koyi ga sauran mata: ''"Waɗannan mazan ba sa ma son in yi aiki a matsayin likita. Akwai haɗari mai yawa ga mata, har da cin zarafi da ake yi musu a gidajensu. Wa ya damu? Ba mazan da ke kan mulki ba. Ba sa yin komai."'' Sakamakon zaɓen farko ya sanya Fana ta takwas a cikin filin da ya ƙunshi kuri'u talatin da biyu . Kuri'u 8,159 na Fana sun wakilci ƙasa da kashi 0.5% na jimillar ƙuri'un da aka jefa. <ref name="Sabawoon" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20011129022125/http://www.frozan.org/ www.frozan.org/] {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 52z506027cujepv223mrs0yrh6wpan4 0 147845 819860 2026-04-09T13:15:14Z Halima Waziri 29451 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1301876035|Naheed Farid]]" 819860 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Naheed Farid''' 'yar siyasa ce ta Afghanistan. Ita ce ƙaramar 'yar majalisar dokokin Afghanistan. Tana jin tsoron ranta, ta gudu daga Afghanistan bayan da gwamnatin Afghanistan ta faɗi kuma Taliban ta kwace iko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Former member of Afghan parliament: 'The Taliban would've killed me if they found me' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-58513998 |access-date=14 September 2021 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2021 |title=Many Prominent Afghan Female Leaders Have Fled Or Are Now Hiding |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/afghanistan-taliban-takeover-many-prominent-afghan-female-leaders-have-fled-or-are-now-hiding-2540005 |access-date=14 September 2021 |website=Archana Chaudhary and Eltaf Najafizada, Bloomberg |publisher=NDTV}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2014 |title=Afghanistan: The View From Parliament |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/afghanistan-the-view-parliament |access-date=14 September 2021 |publisher=Wilson Center}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Naheed Farid Member of Parliament |url=http://addo.org.af/Festival/En/8-Naheed%20Farid.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115160046/http://addo.org.af/Festival/En/8-Naheed%20Farid.pdf |archive-date=15 November 2021 |access-date=14 September 2021 |publisher=ADDO}}</ref> Kasar hausa da nunu da Hausawa da sauransu da yadda kowa yake a arewavda arewacin najeriya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] gv5u605eihwa9pav0dck1ywtx30ikb8 819861 819860 2026-04-09T13:15:52Z Halima Waziri 29451 Saka databox 819861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Naheed Farid''' 'yar siyasa ce ta Afghanistan. Ita ce ƙaramar 'yar majalisar dokokin Afghanistan. Tana jin tsoron ranta, ta gudu daga Afghanistan bayan da gwamnatin Afghanistan ta faɗi kuma Taliban ta kwace iko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Former member of Afghan parliament: 'The Taliban would've killed me if they found me' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-58513998 |access-date=14 September 2021 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2021 |title=Many Prominent Afghan Female Leaders Have Fled Or Are Now Hiding |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/afghanistan-taliban-takeover-many-prominent-afghan-female-leaders-have-fled-or-are-now-hiding-2540005 |access-date=14 September 2021 |website=Archana Chaudhary and Eltaf Najafizada, Bloomberg |publisher=NDTV}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2014 |title=Afghanistan: The View From Parliament |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/afghanistan-the-view-parliament |access-date=14 September 2021 |publisher=Wilson Center}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Naheed Farid Member of Parliament |url=http://addo.org.af/Festival/En/8-Naheed%20Farid.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115160046/http://addo.org.af/Festival/En/8-Naheed%20Farid.pdf |archive-date=15 November 2021 |access-date=14 September 2021 |publisher=ADDO}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mow82uj0jsb9um62limiuchlys2tepl 0 147847 819895 2026-04-09T19:25:28Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon wallafa akan Dan kwallon kafa na Villarreal 819895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Ayoze Pérez | full_name = Ayoze Pérez Gutiérrez | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1993|7|29}} | birth_place = Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain | position = Forward | currentclub = Villarreal | clubnumber = 22 | youthyears1 = 2002–2004 | youthclubs1 = CD San Andrés | youthyears2 = 2004–2011 | youthclubs2 = Tenerife | years1 = 2011–2014 | clubs1 = Tenerife B | caps1 = 34 | goals1 = 14 | years2 = 2012–2014 | clubs2 = Tenerife | caps2 = 50 | goals2 = 16 | years3 = 2014–2019 | clubs3 = Newcastle United | caps3 = 179 | goals3 = 48 | years4 = 2019–2023 | clubs4 = Leicester City | caps4 = 80 | goals4 = 12 | years5 = 2023– | clubs5 = Villarreal | caps5 = | goals5 = | nationalyears1 = 2014 | nationalteam1 = Spain U21 | nationalcaps1 = 2 | nationalgoals1 = 0 }} [[Fayil:Ayoze Perez 20150710.jpg|thumb|Ayoze Perez ]] '''Ayoze Pérez Gutiérrez''' (an haife shi ranar 29 ga Yuli 1993) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan gaba ga kulob din [[Villarreal CF]] a gasar La Liga.<ref name="transfermarkt">{{cite web |title=Ayoze Pérez Profile |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/ayoze-perez/profil/spieler/168425 |publisher=Transfermarkt |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Ayoze Pérez a Santa Cruz de Tenerife, a Tsibirin Canary na Spain. Ya fara taka ƙwallo tun yana ƙarami a makarantar matasa ta CD San Andrés kafin ya koma makarantar matasa ta CD Tenerife inda ya bunƙasa basirarsa.<ref name="bdfutbol">{{cite web |title=Ayoze Pérez |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j20065.html |publisher=BDFutbol |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Tenerife === Pérez ya fara taka leda a matakin manya tare da Tenerife B a shekarar 2011 kafin daga bisani ya samu damar shiga babbar ƙungiyar CD Tenerife a 2012. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa ƙungiyar ta samu nasarori a Segunda División.<ref name="bdfutbol" /> === Newcastle United === A watan Yuni 2014, ya koma kulob din [[Newcastle United F.C.]] na ƙasar Ingila. A kakar wasansa ta farko a gasar [[Premier League]], ya zura ƙwallaye masu muhimmanci kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan ƙungiyar.<ref name="premierleague">{{cite web |title=Ayoze Pérez Stats |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/5158/Ayoze-Perez/overview |publisher=Premier League |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> A kakar 2018–19, ya zura ƙwallaye 12 a gasar Premier League, ciki har da hat-trick da ya yi a wasa da Southampton.<ref name="bbc">{{cite web |title=Newcastle 3–1 Southampton |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/48075149 |publisher=BBC Sport |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> === Leicester City === A shekarar 2019, Pérez ya koma [[Leicester City F.C.]] kan kuɗi mai yawa. Ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta lashe kofin [[FA Cup]] a kakar 2020–21, wanda shi ne babban kofin farko a tarihin kulob din.<ref name="facup">{{cite web |title=FA Cup Final 2021 |url=https://www.thefa.com/competitions/thefacup |publisher=The FA |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> === Villarreal === A shekarar 2023, ya koma [[Villarreal CF]] domin ci gaba da taka leda a gasar La Liga. Komawarsa Spain ta ba shi damar komawa gasar da ya fara sana’arsa.<ref name="transfermarkt" /> == Aikin ƙasa == Pérez ya wakilci Spain a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 (U21) a shekarar 2014, inda ya buga wasanni biyu.<ref name="transfermarkt" /> == Salon wasa == Ayoze Pérez ɗan wasa ne mai sauri da ƙwarewa wajen riƙe ƙwallo da kuma iya zura ƙwallaye daga matsayi daban-daban. Yakan taka leda a matsayin ɗan gaba ko kuma a gefen dama ko hagu na harin ƙungiya.<ref name="premierleague" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:1993 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Spanish footballers]] [[Category:Newcastle United F.C. players]] [[Category:Leicester City F.C. players]] [[Category:Villarreal CF players]] 40dy93boda25y2gpvbp7yr9ufver3vq 0 147848 819896 2026-04-09T19:34:27Z Saad Nuhu 43323 sabon wallafa akan dan kwallon kafa na PSG 819896 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Beraldo asse psg 2425.png|thumb|Lucas Beraldo]] {{Infobox football biography | name = Lucas Beraldo | full_name = Lucas Lopes Beraldo | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2003|11|24}} | birth_place = Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil | position = Centre-back | currentclub = Paris Saint-Germain | clubnumber = 35 | youthyears1 = –2020 | youthclubs1 = São Paulo | years1 = 2022–2023 | clubs1 = São Paulo | caps1 = 52 | goals1 = 1 | years2 = 2024– | clubs2 = Paris Saint-Germain | caps2 = 0 | goals2 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 2023– | nationalteam1 = Brazil | nationalcaps1 = 1 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | pcupdate = 1 Janairu 2024 | ntupdate = 1 Janairu 2024 }} '''Lucas Lopes Beraldo''' (an haife shi 24 ga Nuwamba 2003) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙasar Brazil wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya (centre-back) a kulob ɗin [[Paris Saint-Germain]] da kuma tawagar ƙasar Brazil.<ref>Paris Saint-Germain Official Announcement, 2024.</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Lucas Beraldo a garin Piracicaba, a jihar São Paulo ta ƙasar Brazil.<ref>CBF Profile – Lucas Beraldo.</ref> Tun yana ƙarami ya fara sha’awar ƙwallon ƙafa, inda ya shiga makarantar horas da matasa ta kulob ɗin [[São Paulo FC]].<ref>São Paulo FC Youth Records.</ref> == Aikin Kulob == === São Paulo === Beraldo ya fara taka leda a babbar ƙungiyar [[São Paulo FC]] a shekarar 2022 bayan ya kammala matakin matasa.<ref>São Paulo Match Reports, 2022.</ref> Ya taka rawar gani a gasar [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A]], inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin matasan ‘yan baya masu tasiri a Brazil.<ref>Brazilian Série A Statistics 2023.</ref> A lokacin kakar 2023, ya taimaka wa São Paulo wajen lashe kofin [[Copa do Brasil]].<ref>Copa do Brasil Final Report, 2023.</ref> === Paris Saint-Germain === A watan Janairu 2024, kulob ɗin [[Paris Saint-Germain]] na Faransa ya sanar da ɗaukar Beraldo daga São Paulo.<ref>PSG Official Website, Transfer News 2024.</ref> An dauke shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin matasan ‘yan baya masu tasowa a Turai.<ref>French Ligue 1 Transfer Analysis 2024.</ref> == Aikin Ƙasa == Beraldo ya samu kiran farko zuwa tawagar manyan ‘yan wasan ƙasar Brazil a shekarar 2023.<ref>Brazil National Team Squad List 2023.</ref> Ya fara bugawa Brazil wasa a wasan sada zumunta, wanda hakan ya nuna ci gabansa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>International Friendly Match Report 2023.</ref> == Salon Wasansa == Lucas Beraldo na taka leda a matsayin centre-back, yana da tsayi da ƙwarewa wajen karɓar ƙwallo da kuma fara hari daga baya.<ref>Player Technical Analysis Report.</ref> Ana yaba masa saboda nutsuwarsa, saurin karatu na wasa, da iya buga ƙwallo da ƙafa biyu.<ref>Football Scout Report 2023.</ref> == Manyan Nasarori == ;São Paulo * [[Copa do Brasil]]: 2023<ref>Copa do Brasil Records.</ref> ;Paris Saint-Germain * (Za a sabunta bayan nasarori)<ref>PSG Club Honours.</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> pvhrni4nkdsmqwbjzbxpm848tnnn5eb 0 147849 819899 2026-04-09T20:31:46Z Saad Nuhu 43323 wallafa akan mayulu 819899 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Match Football Paris SG x AS Saint Étienne Stade Parc Princes - Paris XVI (FR75) - 2025-01-12 - 65.jpg|thumb|senny mayulu]] {{Infobox football biography | name = Senny Mayulu | full_name = Senny Mayulu | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2006|5|17}} | birth_place = Le Blanc-Mesnil, Faransa | '''Rubutu mai gwaɓi'''position = Dan wasan tsakiya (Midfielder) | currentclub = Paris Saint-Germain | clubnumber = 24 | youthyears1 = 2012–2023 | youthclubs1 = Paris Saint-Germain | years1 = 2023– | clubs1 = Paris Saint-Germain | caps1 = 10 | goals1 = 1 | nationalyears1 = 2022– | nationalteam1 = Faransa U-17 | nationalcaps1 = 8 | nationalgoals1 = 2 | pcupdate = 1 Maris 2025 | ntupdate = 1 Maris 2025 }} '''Senny Mayulu''' (an haife shi 17 ga Mayu 2006) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Faransa wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya ga ƙungiyar [[Paris Saint-Germain]] a gasar Ligue 1 ta Faransa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profil de Senny Mayulu |url=https://www.psg.fr/equipes/equipe-premiere/effectif/senny-mayulu |publisher=Paris Saint-Germain}}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Senny Mayulu a garin Le Blanc-Mesnil da ke ƙasar Faransa. Ya fara buga ƙwallo tun yana ƙarami, inda ya shiga makarantar horas da matasa ta Paris Saint-Germain tun yana ƙaramin yaro.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Senny Mayulu - Stats |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/senny-mayulu/profil/spieler/ |publisher=Transfermarkt}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙungiya == Mayulu ya taso daga makarantar matasa ta [[Paris Saint-Germain]], inda ya nuna bajinta sosai a matakin matasa. A shekarar 2023 ya samu damar hawa babbar ƙungiyar PSG bayan rawar da ya taka a gasar matasa ta UEFA Youth League.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PSG Youth League Squad |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefayouthleague/ |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> Ya fara bugawa babbar ƙungiyar wasa a gasar Ligue 1 a kakar 2023/2024, inda ya samu damar zura ƙwallo ta farko a wasannin lig.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mayulu scores first senior goal |publisher=Ligue 1 Official}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙasa == Mayulu ya wakilci ƙasar Faransa a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 17 (U-17), inda ya taka rawa a gasar Turai ta matasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=France U17 Squad |url=https://www.fff.fr/ |publisher=French Football Federation}}</ref> == Salon Wasa == Ana ganin Mayulu a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai saurin motsi da iya rarraba ƙwallo. Yana da kwarewa wajen sarrafa ƙwallo da kuma ƙirƙirar dama ga abokan wasansa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Player Analysis: Senny Mayulu |publisher=Football Talent Scout}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2006 births]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Faransa]] [[Category:Paris Saint-Germain F.C. players]] 770iluovg9nbnr60uz2ytm0cg6gog9y 0 147850 819901 2026-04-09T20:35:51Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Saad Nuhu moved page [[Maryam Unar Maigari]] to [[Maryam Umar Maigari]]: Misspelled title 819901 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Maryam Umar Maigari]] jtrjx34rc8ldycw9qor6pi0rz5sg5f7 0 147851 819902 2026-04-09T21:10:15Z Saad Nuhu 43323 sabon wallafa akan dan kwallon kafa na PSG 819902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Dro Fernández | full_name = Pedro Fernández (Dro Fernández) | birth_date = 2008 | birth_place = Sifaniya | position = Midfielder / Winger | currentclub = FC Barcelona (youth) | clubnumber = — }} '''Dro Fernández''' ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan asalin ƙasar Sifaniya wanda yake taka leda a matakin matasa na ƙungiyar FC Barcelona. An fi saninsa da suna “Dro”, kuma ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin matasa masu tasowa a tsarin La Masia saboda ƙwarewarsa wajen sarrafa ƙwallo da saurin kai hari. <ref name="barca_youth">{{cite web|title=Barcelona Youth Academy Profile|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com|publisher=FC Barcelona Official Website|accessdate=2026-04-09}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Dro Fernández ya fara sha’awar ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami a Sifaniya, inda ya girma yana buga wasa a ƙananan kungiyoyin yankinsa kafin daga baya ya shiga tsarin horar da matasa na FC Barcelona (La Masia). A wannan mataki ne ya fara samun horo na musamman kan dabarun wasa, sarrafa ƙwallo da kuma fahimtar tsarin tiki-taka da Barcelona ta shahara da shi. <ref name="academy">{{cite web|title=La Masia Youth Development System|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/academy|publisher=FC Barcelona|accessdate=2026-04-09}}</ref> == Aikin ƙwallo (Club Career) == Bayan shiga La Masia, Dro Fernández ya fara buga wasanni a matakan U15 da U17 na Barcelona. Ya nuna bajinta musamman wajen kai farmaki daga gefe da kuma ƙirƙirar damar zura ƙwallo ga abokan wasa. Ayyukansa sun sa masu horarwa suna ganin yana daga cikin ‘yan wasa masu yuwuwar kaiwa matakin ƙungiyar farko a nan gaba. <ref name="youthmatches">{{cite web|title=Youth Match Reports|url=https://www.laliga.com|publisher=La Liga Official Site|accessdate=2026-04-09}}</ref> == Salon wasa == Dro Fernández yana taka rawa a matsayin winger ko attacking midfielder. Yana da saurin gudu, ƙwarewar dribbling, da ikon wucewa (‘passing vision’) mai kyau. Hakanan yana iya shiga cikin tsaron baya idan aka buƙata, wanda ke nuna cewa yana da cikakken fahimtar wasan zamani. <ref name="analysis">{{cite web|title=Youth Player Technical Analysis|url=https://www.uefa.com|publisher=UEFA|accessdate=2026-04-09}}</ref> == Nasarori == * Ya yi fice a matakan matasa na FC Barcelona * An zaɓe shi a wasu wasannin U17 masu muhimmanci * Ana sa ran zai taka muhimmiyar rawa a nan gaba a ƙungiyar farko <ref name="barca_youth" /> <ref name="academy" /> == Manazarta == <references /> okv2jehs6vhvft6185zqhmrj1y5ryq7 0 147852 819906 2026-04-09T21:19:29Z Saad Nuhu 43323 sabon wallafa akan dan kwallon kafa na PSG 819906 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Chevalier ASSE losc 2425 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Lucas Chevalier ]] {{Infobox football biography | suna = Lucas Chevalier | cikakken suna = Lucas Eugène Chevalier | ranar haihuwa = 6 Nuwamba 2001 | wurin haihuwa = Calais, Faransa | matsayi = Mai tsaron gida (Goalkeeper) | kulob na yanzu = Lille OSC | lambar riga = 30 | matasa_kulob = Lille OSC | kasa = Faransa }} '''Lucas Chevalier''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 Nuwamba 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga Faransa wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida a kulob ɗin [[Lille OSC]] a gasar Ligue 1. An san shi da iya tsayawa da kwallo cikin sauri da kuma kwarewa wajen sarrafa bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. <ref>Transfermarkt – Lucas Chevalier Profile</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Lucas Chevalier ya tashi a birnin Calais na ƙasar Faransa, inda ya fara sha’awar ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami. Ya shiga makarantar koyon ƙwallon ƙafa ta Lille OSC tun yana matashi, inda ya fara horo a matsayin mai tsaron gida. <ref>Lille OSC Official Website – Player Academy Profile</ref> == Aikin kulob == Chevalier ya fara taka leda a matakin matasa na Lille OSC kafin a tura shi aro zuwa kulob ɗin Valenciennes FC a kakar 2021–2022 domin samun ƙwarewar wasa a matakin manya. A wannan lokaci ya nuna kwarewa sosai a raga, inda ya samu yabo daga masu horarwa da masoya. <ref>Soccerway – Match and Loan Statistics</ref> Bayan dawowarsa Lille OSC, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsaron gidan kulob ɗin a kakar 2022–2023, inda ya maye gurbin manyan gogaggun masu tsaron gida. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kare ragar kulob ɗin a wasannin Ligue 1 da kuma gasa ta ƙasashen Turai. <ref>ESPN Football – Player Season Review</ref> == Aikin ƙasa == Lucas Chevalier ya wakilci ƙungiyoyin matasan ƙasar Faransa, musamman a matakin ‘yan ƙasa da shekara 21 (France U21). Ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu tsaron gida masu tasowa a ƙasar Faransa. <ref>French Football Federation (FFF) – Youth Teams Records</ref> == Salon wasa == Chevalier yana da ƙwarewa wajen yin ceto (saves), sarrafa kwallon sama, da kuma fara kai farmaki daga baya ta hanyar dogon bugun daga mai tsaron gida. Hakanan yana da kwanciyar hankali yayin fuskantar bugun fanareti. <ref>Analyst Reports – Ligue 1 Goalkeepers Review</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> 91pzi8bn8dhs1dw28lsq4yl2j4dub16 819926 819906 2026-04-09T21:25:46Z Saad Nuhu 43323 819926 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Chevalier ASSE losc 2425 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Lucas Chevalier ]] {{Infobox football biography | Name = Lucas Chevalier | Full Name = Lucas Eugène Chevalier | Date of Birth = 6 Nuwamba 2001 | Place of Birth = alais, Faransa | Position = Mai tsaron gida (Goalkeeper) | Current club = Lille OSC | Shirt Number = 30 | Club youth = Lille OSC | kasa = Faransa}} '''Lucas Chevalier''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 Nuwamba 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga Faransa wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida a kulob ɗin [[Lille OSC]] a gasar Ligue 1. An san shi da iya tsayawa da kwallo cikin sauri da kuma kwarewa wajen sarrafa bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. <ref>Transfermarkt – Lucas Chevalier Profile</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Lucas Chevalier ya tashi a birnin Calais na ƙasar Faransa, inda ya fara sha’awar ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami. Ya shiga makarantar koyon ƙwallon ƙafa ta Lille OSC tun yana matashi, inda ya fara horo a matsayin mai tsaron gida. <ref>Lille OSC Official Website – Player Academy Profile</ref> == Aikin kulob == Chevalier ya fara taka leda a matakin matasa na Lille OSC kafin a tura shi aro zuwa kulob ɗin Valenciennes FC a kakar 2021–2022 domin samun ƙwarewar wasa a matakin manya. A wannan lokaci ya nuna kwarewa sosai a raga, inda ya samu yabo daga masu horarwa da masoya. <ref>Soccerway – Match and Loan Statistics</ref> Bayan dawowarsa Lille OSC, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsaron gidan kulob ɗin a kakar 2022–2023, inda ya maye gurbin manyan gogaggun masu tsaron gida. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kare ragar kulob ɗin a wasannin Ligue 1 da kuma gasa ta ƙasashen Turai. <ref>ESPN Football – Player Season Review</ref> == Aikin ƙasa == Lucas Chevalier ya wakilci ƙungiyoyin matasan ƙasar Faransa, musamman a matakin ‘yan ƙasa da shekara 21 (France U21). Ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu tsaron gida masu tasowa a ƙasar Faransa. <ref>French Football Federation (FFF) – Youth Teams Records</ref> == Salon wasa == Chevalier yana da ƙwarewa wajen yin ceto (saves), sarrafa kwallon sama, da kuma fara kai farmaki daga baya ta hanyar dogon bugun daga mai tsaron gida. Hakanan yana da kwanciyar hankali yayin fuskantar bugun fanareti. <ref>Analyst Reports – Ligue 1 Goalkeepers Review</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> pr8svw95yynxkebvc5oa96gulg8lakc 819941 819926 2026-04-09T21:28:08Z Saad Nuhu 43323 sabon wallafa akan dan kwallon kafa na PSG 819941 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Chevalier ASSE losc 2425 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Lucas Chevalier ]] {{Infobox football biography | Name = {{Infobox football biography | suna = Lucas Chevalier | cikakken suna = Lucas Eugène Chevalier | ranar haihuwa = 6 Nuwamba 2001 | wurin haihuwa = Calais, Faransa | tsawo = 1.89 m | matsayi = Mai tsaron gida (Goalkeeper) | kulob na yanzu = Lille OSC | lambar riga = 30 | matasa_kulob = Lille OSC | kasa = Faransa }} '''Lucas Chevalier''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 Nuwamba 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga Faransa wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida a kulob ɗin [[Lille OSC]] a gasar Ligue 1. An san shi da iya tsayawa da kwallo cikin sauri da kuma kwarewa wajen sarrafa bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. <ref>Transfermarkt – Lucas Chevalier Profile</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Lucas Chevalier ya tashi a birnin Calais na ƙasar Faransa, inda ya fara sha’awar ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami. Ya shiga makarantar koyon ƙwallon ƙafa ta Lille OSC tun yana matashi, inda ya fara horo a matsayin mai tsaron gida. <ref>Lille OSC Official Website – Player Academy Profile</ref> == Aikin kulob == Chevalier ya fara taka leda a matakin matasa na Lille OSC kafin a tura shi aro zuwa kulob ɗin Valenciennes FC a kakar 2021–2022 domin samun ƙwarewar wasa a matakin manya. A wannan lokaci ya nuna kwarewa sosai a raga, inda ya samu yabo daga masu horarwa da masoya. <ref>Soccerway – Match and Loan Statistics</ref> Bayan dawowarsa Lille OSC, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsaron gidan kulob ɗin a kakar 2022–2023, inda ya maye gurbin manyan gogaggun masu tsaron gida. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kare ragar kulob ɗin a wasannin Ligue 1 da kuma gasa ta ƙasashen Turai. <ref>ESPN Football – Player Season Review</ref> == Aikin ƙasa == Lucas Chevalier ya wakilci ƙungiyoyin matasan ƙasar Faransa, musamman a matakin ‘yan ƙasa da shekara 21 (France U21). Ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu tsaron gida masu tasowa a ƙasar Faransa. <ref>French Football Federation (FFF) – Youth Teams Records</ref> == Salon wasa == Chevalier yana da ƙwarewa wajen yin ceto (saves), sarrafa kwallon sama, da kuma fara kai farmaki daga baya ta hanyar dogon bugun daga mai tsaron gida. Hakanan yana da kwanciyar hankali yayin fuskantar bugun fanareti. <ref>Analyst Reports – Ligue 1 Goalkeepers Review</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> ow8pv65x4pvlt23jvjrsceqjpcnjdsn 819944 819941 2026-04-09T21:29:16Z Saad Nuhu 43323 819944 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Chevalier ASSE losc 2425 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Lucas Chevalier ]] {{Infobox football biography | suna = Lucas Chevalier | cikakken suna = Lucas Eugène Chevalier | ranar haihuwa = 6 Nuwamba 2001 | wurin haihuwa = Calais, Faransa | tsawo = 1.89 m | matsayi = Mai tsaron gida (Goalkeeper) | kulob na yanzu = Lille OSC | lambar riga = 30 | matasa_kulob = Lille OSC | kasa = Faransa }} '''Lucas Chevalier''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 Nuwamba 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga Faransa wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida a kulob ɗin [[Lille OSC]] a gasar Ligue 1. An san shi da iya tsayawa da kwallo cikin sauri da kuma kwarewa wajen sarrafa bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. <ref>Transfermarkt – Lucas Chevalier Profile</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Lucas Chevalier ya tashi a birnin Calais na ƙasar Faransa, inda ya fara sha’awar ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami. Ya shiga makarantar koyon ƙwallon ƙafa ta Lille OSC tun yana matashi, inda ya fara horo a matsayin mai tsaron gida. <ref>Lille OSC Official Website – Player Academy Profile</ref> == Aikin kulob == Chevalier ya fara taka leda a matakin matasa na Lille OSC kafin a tura shi aro zuwa kulob ɗin Valenciennes FC a kakar 2021–2022 domin samun ƙwarewar wasa a matakin manya. A wannan lokaci ya nuna kwarewa sosai a raga, inda ya samu yabo daga masu horarwa da masoya. <ref>Soccerway – Match and Loan Statistics</ref> Bayan dawowarsa Lille OSC, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsaron gidan kulob ɗin a kakar 2022–2023, inda ya maye gurbin manyan gogaggun masu tsaron gida. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kare ragar kulob ɗin a wasannin Ligue 1 da kuma gasa ta ƙasashen Turai. <ref>ESPN Football – Player Season Review</ref> == Aikin ƙasa == Lucas Chevalier ya wakilci ƙungiyoyin matasan ƙasar Faransa, musamman a matakin ‘yan ƙasa da shekara 21 (France U21). Ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu tsaron gida masu tasowa a ƙasar Faransa. <ref>French Football Federation (FFF) – Youth Teams Records</ref> == Salon wasa == Chevalier yana da ƙwarewa wajen yin ceto (saves), sarrafa kwallon sama, da kuma fara kai farmaki daga baya ta hanyar dogon bugun daga mai tsaron gida. Hakanan yana da kwanciyar hankali yayin fuskantar bugun fanareti. <ref>Analyst Reports – Ligue 1 Goalkeepers Review</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> antx014exm50ak8lg14oifkwd0drd5s 3 147853 819908 2026-04-09T21:23:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819908 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, FaboVonDestory! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/FaboVonDestory|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) f60gpo61ff48o4o8s5y9e3ye7xuwyjk 3 147854 819910 2026-04-09T21:23:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819910 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Floridaball! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Floridaball|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 34lz1kg26dnfh2d28gz248tzouoelk3 3 147855 819911 2026-04-09T21:23:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819911 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Judithamos! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Judithamos|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) ctdwm5iy14cb52j0zprnf8hnkh88qwk 3 147856 819912 2026-04-09T21:23:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819912 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mharrsch! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mharrsch|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) cof89aane3syjqk32pyki7yi8n4toq9 3 147857 819913 2026-04-09T21:23:56Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819913 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Desmond Ebuka! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Desmond Ebuka|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) kzzemf7gm6uyfrt6fpwy2mcf0hauxtb 3 147858 819914 2026-04-09T21:24:06Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819914 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mzywial! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mzywial|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) isnemld9qw7a4nfbql4kxpr6mnjtdne 3 147859 819915 2026-04-09T21:24:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819915 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Micheletb! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Micheletb|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) ss4jdceb62gnowuvca58p7nkko6muxj 3 147860 819916 2026-04-09T21:24:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819916 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Iarfhlaithoduibh! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Iarfhlaithoduibh|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 8axvacwefi1597yx50jhy84ds79xov1 3 147861 819917 2026-04-09T21:24:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819917 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, 院電車男! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/院電車男|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) pobpg5pu6dkoi6v60pwnk00olhfyb1t 3 147862 819918 2026-04-09T21:24:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819918 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Marksmith02569! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Marksmith02569|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) oetu34cpvikj0jc5l3ij5fk9vjio5ks 3 147863 819919 2026-04-09T21:24:56Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819919 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Nasiryunusa! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Nasiryunusa|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) armrjs9eqzi4w1ax670673ql6g8o20n 3 147864 819920 2026-04-09T21:25:06Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819920 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Saber68! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Saber68|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) lglqwdojvichgokn8rg8muokhp8owy7 3 147865 819922 2026-04-09T21:25:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819922 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Wiseman5874! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Wiseman5874|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) bm0fxxfqybzkotuf3vxo41pa5yzwbfh 3 147866 819923 2026-04-09T21:25:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819923 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ssnusgg! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ssnusgg|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) bbx39r26m16va14xla0mbhs4qg2o2ma 3 147867 819924 2026-04-09T21:25:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819924 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Umasoyee! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Umasoyee|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) k51r8el70vg8d66iiezzxf8ap8vatrv 3 147868 819925 2026-04-09T21:25:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819925 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Su Neutralidad! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Su Neutralidad|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) mt8dyqc6emto8ww1u1h4sy3xzam5dgi 3 147869 819927 2026-04-09T21:25:56Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819927 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Therussianbearfr0msiberia! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Therussianbearfr0msiberia|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) ehtu049e0eek3d6gjc8bjjeb54gqodc 3 147870 819928 2026-04-09T21:26:06Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819928 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Retaggio! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Retaggio|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) cxtkdtgjfm9icauo1byaa9yxll78i0u 3 147871 819929 2026-04-09T21:26:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819929 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Nasmamusa! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Nasmamusa|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 5inorbip5546hucf2cl1f301hceyr05 3 147872 819930 2026-04-09T21:26:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819930 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hmaglione10! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hmaglione10|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) hmoirgi3hrugsvm8dqui0qahae0iry0 3 147873 819931 2026-04-09T21:26:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819931 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Jesusalbertojimenez113092! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Jesusalbertojimenez113092|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) m89gkhgrh4q5h0kgqms13enjppx2iho 3 147874 819932 2026-04-09T21:26:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819932 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Oxfordstar! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Oxfordstar|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 6pz9fl6zc5ev78y7l2d89kz7n4yziy2 3 147875 819933 2026-04-09T21:26:56Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819933 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, B4ZTUKZ! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/B4ZTUKZ|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 6epbbz98pqqdbfr26i8ufwbzmlyjw5d 3 147876 819934 2026-04-09T21:27:06Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819934 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Xaranda! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Xaranda|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) dacf6bqs29t9q7a8t3ggbadxllvslo4 3 147877 819935 2026-04-09T21:27:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819935 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Shehu abdulhakeem! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Shehu abdulhakeem|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) of8b5a8lauum1xo7agwizbz2j1ucm7s 3 147878 819936 2026-04-09T21:27:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819936 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Manchild! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Manchild|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) eww3v31u7fd99wte8q3htze124ddif8 3 147879 819937 2026-04-09T21:27:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819937 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Yusufhabibu133! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Yusufhabibu133|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) lb2wlqh1ecnv6y6fup0bga6qu0fpjc5 3 147880 819938 2026-04-09T21:27:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819938 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Kamaruddeen ishaq kakumi! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Kamaruddeen ishaq kakumi|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 7fd3g5eq3k96x9exoy0hsw5p6qg03z1 3 147881 819939 2026-04-09T21:27:56Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819939 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Nicolae Carpathia! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Nicolae Carpathia|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 7xbrqfirrt64xnbg0mse8l4rw22d7dn 3 147882 819940 2026-04-09T21:28:06Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 819940 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, KyubiEX! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/KyubiEX|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) jthl5b3ncz32bt5ccr0lju5nwpyt6t0 0 147883 819947 2026-04-09T21:35:18Z Saad Nuhu 43323 sabon wallafa akan dan kwallon kafa na PSG 819947 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Matvey Safonov 2019.jpg|thumb|Matvey Safonov]] {{Infobox football biography | name = Matvey Safonov | full_name = Matvey Yevgenyevich Safonov | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1999|2|25}} | birth_place = Krasnodar, Russia | position = Goalkeeper | currentclub = Paris Saint-Germain | clubnumber = 39 }} '''Matvey Yevgenyevich Safonov''' (an haife shi 25 ga Fabrairu 1999) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Rasha wanda ke taka leda a matsayin golan raga a ƙungiyar Paris Saint-Germain da kuma tawagar ƙasar Rasha. An san shi da ƙwarewa wajen tseratar da ƙwallaye da kuma kwarewar sarrafa yanki a cikin bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron raga.<ref>FIFA Official Player Profile</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Matvey Safonov ya girma a birnin Krasnodar, Rasha, inda ya fara horon ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami. Ya shiga makarantar koyon ƙwallon ƙafa ta FC Krasnodar, wacce ta taimaka masa wajen haɓaka ƙwarewarsa a matsayin golan raga. A lokacin kuruciyarsa, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun matasa masu hazaka a rukunin matasa na kulob ɗin.<ref>FC Krasnodar Academy Records</ref> == Aikin ƙwallon ƙafa na kulob == Safonov ya fara taka leda a babban ƙungiyar FC Krasnodar a shekarar 2017. Ya samu damar zama golan farko na kulob ɗin bayan ya nuna bajinta a wasannin da ya buga. A tsawon lokacinsa a Krasnodar, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun golan raga a gasar Rasha ta Premier League. A shekarar 2024, ya koma kulob ɗin Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) a Faransa, inda ya ƙara haɓaka suna a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Canjin nasa ya jawo hankalin masana ƙwallon ƙafa saboda ƙwarewarsa da kuma matakin wasan da yake kaiwa.<ref>Transfermarkt Player Profile</ref> == Aikin ƙasa == Safonov ya wakilci ƙasar Rasha a matakan matasa da kuma babbar tawaga. Ya fara bugawa tawagar ƙasar manya a shekarar 2021, inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin zaɓaɓɓun golan raga na ƙasar. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a wasannin cancantar gasar ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>Russian Football Union Official Site</ref> == Salon wasa == Safonov yana da suna a matsayin golan da ke da saurin motsi, kyakkyawan tsalle, da kuma iya karanta wasan abokan hamayya. Hakanan yana da ƙwarewa wajen fara kai farmaki daga baya ta hanyar dogayen ƙwallaye masu inganci. Wannan ya sa aka riƙa kwatanta shi da wasu manyan golan Turai na zamani.<ref>UEFA Technical Reports</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Category:1999 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Russian footballers]] [[Category:Association football goalkeepers]] [[Category:Paris Saint-Germain players]] tb5ef2srk1y5013l8shhm69lloywj9j 0 147884 819950 2026-04-09T21:42:37Z Saad Nuhu 43323 sabon wallafa akan dan kwallon kafa na PSG 819950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Renato Marin | full_name = Renato Bellucci Marin | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2006|7|10}} | birth_place = São Paulo, Brazil | position = Goalkeeper | currentclub = Roma | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = 2013–2022 | youthclubs1 = São Paulo | youthyears2 = 2022– | youthclubs2 = Roma | nationalyears1 = 2023– | nationalteam1 = Italy U19 | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = 0 }} '''Renato Bellucci Marin''' (an haife shi 10 ga Yuli 2006) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda yake taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron raga (goalkeeper) ga ƙungiyar [[Roma]] ta ƙasar Italiya.<ref name="transfermarkt">{{cite web |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/renato-marin/profil/spieler/ |title=Renato Marin Profile |website=Transfermarkt |access-date=2026-04-09}}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Renato Marin a birnin São Paulo na ƙasar Brazil. Duk da kasancewarsa ɗan asalin Brazil, yana da asalin Italiya ta wajen iyayensa, wanda hakan ya ba shi damar wakiltar ƙasar Italiya a matakin matasa.<ref name="figc">{{cite web |url=https://www.figc.it/ |title=FIGC Player Information |website=FIGC |access-date=2026-04-09}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙwallon Ƙafa == === Matakin Matasa === Marin ya fara taka leda a makarantar horas da matasa ta ƙungiyar São Paulo a Brazil, inda ya shafe shekaru masu yawa yana koyon dabarun tsaron raga.<ref name="spfc">{{cite web |url=https://www.saopaulofc.net/ |title=São Paulo FC Academy |website=São Paulo FC |access-date=2026-04-09}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, ya koma ƙungiyar [[Roma]] ta Italiya domin ci gaba da bunƙasa ƙwarewarsa a Turai.<ref name="roma">{{cite web |url=https://www.asroma.com/ |title=AS Roma Youth Team |website=AS Roma Official Website |access-date=2026-04-09}}</ref> A Roma, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun matasan masu tsaron raga, inda tsayinsa da ƙwarewarsa wajen kama ƙwallo suka ja hankalin masu horarwa.<ref name="transfermarkt" /> == Aikin Ƙasa == Saboda asalinsa na Italiya, Marin ya fara wakiltar tawagar matasan ƙasar Italiya (Italy U19). Ya taka rawa a wasannin sada zumunta da na gasa, inda ake kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu tasowa a matsayinsa na mai tsaron raga.<ref name="figc" /> == Salon Wasansa == Renato Marin yana da tsayi (kimanin mita 1.93), wanda hakan ke ba shi fa'ida wajen kare bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida da kuma ƙwallayen sama. Haka kuma yana da saurin motsi da iya fara kai hari ta hanyar watsa ƙwallo daga baya.<ref name="transfermarkt" /> == Manazarta == <references/> azitgn79fhagp1tfxpyinmzf1tlziio 0 147885 819953 2026-04-09T21:47:43Z Saad Nuhu 43323 sabon wallafa akan dan kwallon kafa na PSG 819953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Quentin Ndjantou | full_name = Quentin Ndjantou | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2007|3|22}} | birth_place = France | position = Forward | currentclub = Paris Saint-Germain | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = –2023 | youthclubs1 = Paris Saint-Germain | years1 = 2023– | clubs1 = Paris Saint-Germain B | caps1 = | goals1 = | nationalyears1 = 2023– | nationalteam1 = France U16 | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = }} '''Quentin Ndjantou''' (an haife shi ranar 22 ga Maris 2007) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Faransa wanda yake taka leda a matsayin ɗan gaba (forward) a ƙungiyar matasa ta [[Paris Saint-Germain]] da kuma wakiltar ƙungiyar matasa ta ƙasar Faransa.<ref name="psg">Paris Saint-Germain Official Profile</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Quentin Ndjantou a ƙasar Faransa, inda ya taso yana sha’awar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami. Ya shiga makarantar horas da matasa ta [[Paris Saint-Germain]] tun yana ƙarami, inda ya samu horo mai zurfi kan dabarun kai hari da zura ƙwallaye.<ref name="academy">PSG Academy Records</ref> == Aikin ƙungiya == Ndjantou ya fara haskakawa ne a matakin matasa na PSG, inda ya riƙa taka rawa a gasar matasa ta Faransa. Saboda ƙwarewarsa a matsayin ɗan gaba, ya samu damar shiga ƙungiyar ''PSG B'' a shekarar 2023, inda ya fara samun ƙwarewa a matakin manya.<ref name="clubcareer">French Youth League Statistics</ref> Ya shahara da saurin motsi, ƙwarewar sarrafa ƙwallo, da kuma iya kammala kai hari da kyau. Masu sharhi sun bayyana shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin matasan ’yan wasan da ake sa ran za su taka muhimmiyar rawa a nan gaba a PSG.<ref name="analysis">Youth Football Talent Report</ref> == Aikin ƙasa == A matakin ƙasa, Ndjantou ya wakilci ƙungiyar matasa ta Faransa (France U16), inda ya taka rawa a wasannin sada zumunta da na gasa. Ya nuna ƙwarewa a ɓangaren kai hari, wanda ya sa ake kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin matasan ’yan wasan da za su iya taka leda a babbar ƙungiyar ƙasa a nan gaba.<ref name="nt">French Football Federation Profile</ref> == Salon wasa == Ndjantou yana taka leda a matsayin ɗan gaba. Yana da sauri, ƙarfi, da kuma iya zura ƙwallo daga wurare daban-daban. Haka kuma yana da kwarewa wajen motsawa ba tare da ƙwallo ba, wanda ke taimaka masa samun damar zura ƙwallaye.<ref name="style">Technical Scout Report</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> 7nmjg4oq4mfufylj0i3oxhucuxsr2u9 0 147886 819956 2026-04-09T21:57:17Z Saad Nuhu 43323 sabon wallafa akan dan kwallon kafa na PSG 819956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Ibrahim Mbaye | full_name = Ibrahim Mbaye | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2008|1|24}} | birth_place = Paris, Faransa | height = | position = Winger | currentclub = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = –2023 | youthclubs1 = Paris Saint-Germain | years1 = 2023– | clubs1 = Paris Saint-Germain | caps1 = | goals1 = | nationalyears1 = 2023– | nationalteam1 = Faransa U16 | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = }} '''Ibrahim Mbaye''' (an haife shi ranar 24 ga Janairu 2008) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan asalin [[Faransa]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin winger a ƙungiyar [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] da kuma ƙungiyar matasa ta ƙasar Faransa. An san shi da saurin gudu, iya dribbling da kuma ƙwarewar kai hari daga gefe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ibrahim Mbaye Profile|url=https://www.psg.fr/|publisher=Paris Saint-Germain}}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Ibrahim Mbaye a birnin [[Paris]] na ƙasar Faransa. Ya taso cikin tsarin horaswa na matasa na ƙungiyar Paris Saint-Germain inda ya nuna bajinta tun yana ƙarami, musamman a gasar matasa ta ƙasar Faransa.<ref>{{cite web|title=PSG Youth Academy Talents|url=https://www.psg.fr/academy|publisher=Paris Saint-Germain Academy}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙungiya == Mbaye ya fara taka leda a matakin matasa na Paris Saint-Germain kafin daga bisani ya samu damar shiga babbar ƙungiyar a matsayin ɗan wasa mai tasowa. Kwarewarsa a ɓangaren hari ta sa ake kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin matasan ‘yan wasan da ake sa ran za su yi fice a nan gaba.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ibrahim Mbaye - PSG Career|url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/|publisher=Transfermarkt}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙasa == A matakin ƙasa, Mbaye ya wakilci Faransa a matakin U16, inda ya taka rawa a wasannin sada zumunta da gasa ta matasa. Ana ganin yana da makoma mai kyau a tawagar matasan Faransa.<ref>{{cite web|title=France U16 Squad|url=https://www.fff.fr/|publisher=French Football Federation}}</ref> == Salon Wasa == Ibrahim Mbaye winger ne mai son taka leda daga ɓangaren dama ko hagu. Yana da saurin gudu da iya wuce ‘yan baya (dribbling), sannan yana iya ƙirƙirar dama ko zura ƙwallo da kansa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Player Analysis Ibrahim Mbaye|url=https://www.psg.fr/|publisher=Paris Saint-Germain}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2008 births]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Faransa]] [[Category:Paris Saint-Germain F.C. players]] b03ie42jqmiqxzb2ltx8k2ip6nzqh66 0 147887 820000 2026-04-10T04:55:47Z Abusule dankofa 24259 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345857741|Christopher Smart]]" 820000 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christopher Smart''' (11 Afrilu 1722)&nbsp;– 20 ga Mayu 1771) mawaki ne ɗan Ingila. Ya kasance babban mai ba da gudummawa ga mujallu biyu masu shahara, ''The Midwife'' da ''The Student'', kuma aboki ne ga fitattun fitattun mutane kamar Samuel Johnson da Henry Fielding . Smart, wani babban cocin Anglican, sananne ne a duk faɗin Landan. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Mounsey|2001}}</ref> Smart ya shahara a matsayin ungozoma mai suna "Mrs. Mary Midnight" kuma saboda labaran da suka yaɗu game da [[Tsare mafakar Christopher Smart|shekarunsa da aka tsare a gidan yarin da ake kula da shi ta hanyar tabin hankali]] ta hannun surukinsa, John Newbery, saboda zargin da ake masa na "rashin imani" na addini. Ko da bayan da aka sake shi daga baya, mummunan suna ya ci gaba da bin sa domin an san shi da laifin tara bashi fiye da yadda zai iya biya; wannan ya haifar da tsare shi a gidan yarin masu bashi har zuwa mutuwarsa. Ayyukansa guda biyu da aka fi sani da su sune ''A Song to David'' da ''Jubilate Agno'', waɗanda ake kyautata zaton an rubuta su ne a lokacin da aka tsare shi a St. Luke's Asylum, kodayake har yanzu masana suna ta muhawara kan wannan domin babu wani bayani game da lokacin da aka rubuta su. Ya fi bayyana lokacin da aka rubuta ayyukan, domin ba a buga ''Jubilate Agno'' ba sai a shekarar 1939 lokacin da aka gano shi a cikin wani rumbun adana littattafai, kuma ''A Song to David'' ya sami bita iri-iri har zuwa ƙarni na 19. Ga mutanen zamaninsa, an san Smart musamman saboda gudummawar da ya bayar a cikin mujallun ''The Midwife'' and ''The Student'', tare da shahararrun ''waƙoƙinsa na Seaton Prize'' da kuma waƙarsa ta barkwanci ''The Hilliad'' . Duk da cewa an san shi a matsayin mawaƙin addini, waƙoƙinsa sun haɗa da wasu jigogi daban-daban, kamar ka'idodinsa kan yanayi da kuma haɓaka ƙabilancin Ingilishi . == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haifi Christopher Smart a Shipbourne da ke Kent, Ingila a kan gidan William, Viscount Vane, ƙaramin ɗan Lord Barnard na Barnard Castle na Fairlawne . <ref name="Mounsey p. 22">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Mounsey|2001}}</ref> A cewar ɗan uwansa, "yana da tsarin mulki mai sauƙi saboda an haife shi tun kafin lokacin halitta". <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hunter|1791}}</ref> An yi masa baftisma a cocin Wrotham a ranar 11 ga Mayu 1722. Mahaifinsa Peter Smart ne, mai kula da <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sherbo|1967}}</ref> ko kuma mai kula da ma'aikatan kotu <ref name="Mounsey p. 22" /> na Fairlawne. Mahaifiyarsa, Winifred (née Griffiths) ta fito ne daga Radnorshire, Wales. <ref name="Sherbo p. 5">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sherbo|1967}}</ref> Kafin ta haifi Christopher, Winifred tana da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Margaret da Mary Anne. <ref name="Sherbo p. 5" /> A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, Fairlawne shine gidan Christopher Vane, Baron Barnard na 1st da Lady Barnard, waɗanda suka ba Smart £200. <ref name="Sherbo p. 6">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sherbo|1967}}</ref> Ana zargin ya sami wannan kuɗin ne saboda kusancin mahaifinsa da dangin Vane, wanda aka sanya wa Smart suna bayan Christopher Vane, kuma ana ɗaukar yaron a matsayin "alfaharin Fairlawn". <ref name="Sherbo p. 6" /> <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Mounsey|2001}}</ref> A shekara ta 1726, shekaru uku bayan mutuwar Christopher Vane, Peter Smart ya sayi Hall-Place a East Barming, wanda ya haɗa da gidan katafaren gida, gonaki, gonaki, lambuna, da dazuzzuka, wani kadara da ta yi tasiri a tsawon rayuwar Smart ta ƙarshe. [ <ref name="Sherbo p. 6" /> Tun daga shekara huɗu har zuwa sha ɗaya, ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo yana yawo a gonaki, amma bai shiga ba, wanda ya haifar da hasashen cewa ya kamu da cutar asma. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Mounsey|2001}}</ref> Duk da haka, ba duk masana sun yarda cewa shi "matashi ne mai rashin lafiya" ba. <ref name="Sherbo p. 12">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sherbo|1967}}</ref> Rubuce-rubucen da aka rubuta kawai game da abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa sun fito ne daga rubuta wani ɗan gajeren waƙa, yana ɗan shekara huɗu, inda ya ƙalubalanci abokin hamayyarsa ga ƙaunar wata yarinya 'yar shekara goma sha biyu. <ref name="Sherbo p. 12" /> A lokacin da yake Hall-Place, an tura Smart zuwa Makarantar Grammar Maidstone da ke yankin inda Charles Walwyn, wani malami daga Kwalejin Eton wanda ya sami digiri na MA daga Kwalejin King's, Cambridge a shekarar 1696, ya koyar da shi [1] A nan ne Smart ya sami ilimi mai zurfi a Latin da Girkanci. [1] Duk da haka, bai kammala karatunsa a Maidstone ba, yayin da mahaifinsa ya mutu a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 1733, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta kai Smart da 'yan uwansa su zauna kusa da dangi a Durham bayan ta sayar da wani kaso mai yawa na kadarorin don biyan basussukan Peter Smart. Daga nan Smart ya halarci Makarantar Durham, inda Reverend Mr. Richard Dongworth yake shugaban makaranta; ba a san ko yana zaune tare da kawunsa, John Smart, ko kuma tare da malamin makaranta ba. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sherbo|1967}}</ref> Ya yi hutu a Raby Castle, wanda mallakar Henry Vane, Earl na 1st na Darlington, jikan Christopher Vane ne. <ref name="Sherbo p. 16">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sherbo|1967}}</ref> Henry Vane da matarsa Grace, 'yar'uwar William da Henrietta Fitzroy, Duke da Duchess na Cleveland, suna da 'ya'ya huɗu, Henry, Frederick, Anne, da Mary. Sun girmi Smart shekaru kaɗan kuma sun zama abokan wasa, inda Anne da Henry suka "haɗu" da Christopher da 'yar'uwarsa Margaret bi da bi. <ref name="Sherbo p. 16" /> Duk da cewa babu abin da ya haifar da wasan, an saba siffanta Anne a matsayin "ƙaunarsa ta farko". <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sherbo|1967}}</ref> A lokacin da yake tare da iyalin Vane, Smart ya sadaukar da waƙoƙi da yawa ga Henrietta, Duchess na Cleveland. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Mounsey|2001}}</ref> Kusantarsa da iyalin Vane tare da ƙwarewarsa ta koyo ne ya ƙarfafa Henrietta ta ba shi fansho na fam 40 a kowace shekara, wanda mijinta ya ci gaba da yi bayan rasuwarta a 1742. <ref name="Sherbo p. 19">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sherbo|1967}}</ref> Wannan ya ba Smart damar zuwa Kwalejin Pembroke, Cambridge . <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sherbo|1967}}</ref> p4nmtki35kxd1l07ujhm2n265ba2hyi 820001 820000 2026-04-10T04:57:08Z Abusule dankofa 24259 820001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christopher Smart''' (11 Afrilu 1722)&nbsp;– 20 ga Mayu 1771) mawaki ne ɗan Ingila. Ya kasance babban mai ba da gudummawa ga mujallu biyu masu shahara, ''The Midwife'' da ''The Student'', kuma aboki ne ga fitattun fitattun mutane kamar Samuel Johnson da Henry Fielding . Smart, wani babban cocin Anglican, sananne ne a duk faɗin Landan. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Mounsey|2001}}</ref> Smart ya shahara a matsayin ungozoma mai suna "Mrs. Mary Midnight" kuma saboda labaran da suka yaɗu game da [[Tsare mafakar Christopher Smart|shekarunsa da aka tsare a gidan yarin da ake kula da shi ta hanyar tabin hankali]] ta hannun surukinsa, John Newbery, saboda zargin da ake masa na "rashin imani" na addini. Ko da bayan da aka sake shi daga baya, mummunan suna ya ci gaba da bin sa domin an san shi da laifin tara bashi fiye da yadda zai iya biya; wannan ya haifar da tsare shi a gidan yarin masu bashi har zuwa mutuwarsa. Ayyukansa guda biyu da aka fi sani da su sune ''A Song to David'' da ''Jubilate Agno'', waɗanda ake kyautata zaton an rubuta su ne a lokacin da aka tsare shi a St. Luke's Asylum, kodayake har yanzu masana suna ta muhawara kan wannan domin babu wani bayani game da lokacin da aka rubuta su. Ya fi bayyana lokacin da aka rubuta ayyukan, domin ba a buga ''Jubilate Agno'' ba sai a shekarar 1939 lokacin da aka gano shi a cikin wani rumbun adana littattafai, kuma ''A Song to David'' ya sami bita iri-iri har zuwa ƙarni na 19. Ga mutanen zamaninsa, an san Smart musamman saboda gudummawar da ya bayar a cikin mujallun ''The Midwife'' and ''The Student'', tare da shahararrun ''waƙoƙinsa na Seaton Prize'' da kuma waƙarsa ta barkwanci ''The Hilliad'' . Duk da cewa an san shi a matsayin mawaƙin addini, waƙoƙinsa sun haɗa da wasu jigogi daban-daban, kamar ka'idodinsa kan yanayi da kuma haɓaka ƙabilancin Ingilishi . == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haifi Christopher Smart a Shipbourne da ke Kent, Ingila a kan gidan William, Viscount Vane, ƙaramin ɗan Lord Barnard na Barnard Castle na Fairlawne . <ref name="Mounsey p. 22">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Mounsey|2001}}</ref> A cewar ɗan uwansa, "yana da tsarin mulki mai sauƙi saboda an haife shi tun kafin lokacin halitta". <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hunter|1791}}</ref> An yi masa baftisma a cocin Wrotham a ranar 11 ga Mayu 1722. Mahaifinsa Peter Smart ne, mai kula da <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sherbo|1967}}</ref> ko kuma mai kula da ma'aikatan kotu <ref name="Mounsey p. 22" /> na Fairlawne. Mahaifiyarsa, Winifred (née Griffiths) ta fito ne daga Radnorshire, Wales. <ref name="Sherbo p. 5">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sherbo|1967}}</ref> Kafin ta haifi Christopher, Winifred tana da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Margaret da Mary Anne. <ref name="Sherbo p. 5" /> A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, Fairlawne shine gidan Christopher Vane, Baron Barnard na 1st da Lady Barnard, waɗanda suka ba Smart £200. <ref name="Sherbo p. 6">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sherbo|1967}}</ref> Ana zargin ya sami wannan kuɗin ne saboda kusancin mahaifinsa da dangin Vane, wanda aka sanya wa Smart suna bayan Christopher Vane, kuma ana ɗaukar yaron a matsayin "alfaharin Fairlawn". <ref name="Sherbo p. 6" /> <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Mounsey|2001}}</ref> A shekara ta 1726, shekaru uku bayan mutuwar Christopher Vane, Peter Smart ya sayi Hall-Place a East Barming, wanda ya haɗa da gidan katafaren gida, gonaki, gonaki, lambuna, da dazuzzuka, wani kadara da ta yi tasiri a tsawon rayuwar Smart ta ƙarshe. [ <ref name="Sherbo p. 6" /> Tun daga shekara huɗu har zuwa sha ɗaya, ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo yana yawo a gonaki, amma bai shiga ba, wanda ya haifar da hasashen cewa ya kamu da cutar asma. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Mounsey|2001}}</ref> Duk da haka, ba duk masana sun yarda cewa shi "matashi ne mai rashin lafiya" ba. <ref name="Sherbo p. 12">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sherbo|1967}}</ref> Rubuce-rubucen da aka rubuta kawai game da abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa sun fito ne daga rubuta wani ɗan gajeren waƙa, yana ɗan shekara huɗu, inda ya ƙalubalanci abokin hamayyarsa ga ƙaunar wata yarinya 'yar shekara goma sha biyu. <ref name="Sherbo p. 12" /> A lokacin da yake Hall-Place, an tura Smart zuwa Makarantar Grammar Maidstone da ke yankin inda Charles Walwyn, wani malami daga Kwalejin Eton wanda ya sami digiri na MA daga Kwalejin King's, Cambridge a shekarar 1696, ya koyar da shi [1] A nan ne Smart ya sami ilimi mai zurfi a Latin da Girkanci. [1] Duk da haka, bai kammala karatunsa a Maidstone ba, yayin da mahaifinsa ya mutu a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 1733, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta kai Smart da 'yan uwansa su zauna kusa da dangi a Durham bayan ta sayar da wani kaso mai yawa na kadarorin don biyan basussukan Peter Smart. Daga nan Smart ya halarci Makarantar Durham, inda Reverend Mr. Richard Dongworth yake shugaban makaranta; ba a san ko yana zaune tare da kawunsa, John Smart, ko kuma tare da malamin makaranta ba. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sherbo|1967}}</ref> Ya yi hutu a Raby Castle, wanda mallakar Henry Vane, Earl na 1st na Darlington, jikan Christopher Vane ne. <ref name="Sherbo p. 16">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sherbo|1967}}</ref> Henry Vane da matarsa Grace, 'yar'uwar William da Henrietta Fitzroy, Duke da Duchess na Cleveland, suna da 'ya'ya huɗu, Henry, Frederick, Anne, da Mary. Sun girmi Smart shekaru kaɗan kuma sun zama abokan wasa, inda Anne da Henry suka "haɗu" da Christopher da 'yar'uwarsa Margaret bi da bi. <ref name="Sherbo p. 16" /> Duk da cewa babu abin da ya haifar da wasan, an saba siffanta Anne a matsayin "ƙaunarsa ta farko". <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sherbo|1967}}</ref> A lokacin da yake tare da iyalin Vane, Smart ya sadaukar da waƙoƙi da yawa ga Henrietta, Duchess na Cleveland. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Mounsey|2001}}</ref> Kusantarsa da iyalin Vane tare da ƙwarewarsa ta koyo ne ya ƙarfafa Henrietta ta ba shi fansho na fam 40 a kowace shekara, wanda mijinta ya ci gaba da yi bayan rasuwarta a 1742. <ref name="Sherbo p. 19">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sherbo|1967}}</ref> Wannan ya ba Smart damar zuwa Kwalejin Pembroke, Cambridge . <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sherbo|1967}}</ref> ===manazarta=== rygwhqk21n86m8mwl63245gcwm8nid9 0 147888 820002 2026-04-10T04:58:49Z Abusule dankofa 24259 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344047935|Saint Christopher]]" 820002 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saint Christopher''' ( Greek ; Latin ) wani mutum ne mai tatsuniya wanda ƙungiyoyin [[Kirista]] da dama ke girmama shi a matsayin shahidi kuma waliyi. <ref name="amai">{{Cite journal |last=Ameisenowa |first=Zofia |year=1949 |title=Animal-Headed Gods, Evangelists, Saints and Righteous Men |url=https://archive.org/details/ameisenowa-1949-animal-headed-gods/page/42/mode/2up?q=christopher |journal=Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes |volume=12 |page=42 |access-date=30 June 2025}}</ref> <ref name="brit">{{Cite web |date=January 10, 2026 |editor-last=Britannica |title=Saint Christopher |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Christopher |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124080556/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Christopher |archive-date=24 January 2024 |access-date=January 18, 2026 |publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref> Bisa ga waɗannan al'adun, an kashe shi a zamanin sarkin Roma na ƙarni na 3 Decius ( r. 249–251 ), ko kuma a madadin haka a ƙarƙashin sarki Maximinus Daia ( r. 308–313 ). An keɓe coci ga waliyyi a Chalcedon (kusa da [[Istanbul]] na yanzu) tun daga shekara ta 452. Bautarsa ta bazu ba kawai a Gabas ba har ma da Yamma, inda aka ƙidaya shi a cikin Mataimaka Masu Tsarki Goma Sha Huɗu . <ref name="brit" /> Daga cikin misalai da yawa na tatsuniyoyi, wanda ya shafi sunansa - na mai ɗaukar Almasihu yana ɗaukar ɗan allahntaka a ƙetaren kogin - shine mafi shahara a yau. Shahararren tatsuniyar da ke da alaƙa da waliyyin ya ba da labarin cewa bayan ya koma Kiristanci, ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga ɗaukar matafiya a ƙetaren kogi. Wata rana ya ɗauki wani ƙaramin yaro da ba a sani ba a ƙetaren kogi bayan haka yaron ya bayyana kansa a matsayin Almasihu. Saboda taimakonsa ga matafiya, ya zama waliyyin matafiya. A cikin siffar Cocin Yamma, sau da yawa ana nuna waliyyin a matsayin ƙaton mutum tare da sanda yana ɗauke da jariri Yesu a kan kogi a kafaɗunsa. Ana sanya ƙananan hotunansa a wuya, a kan munduwa, a ɗauka a aljihu, ko a sanya su a cikin ababen hawa. Al'adar Cocin Gabas tana nuna waliyyin a matsayin cynocephalus ('halitta mai kan kare') a cikin fassarar al'adar tatsuniyoyi. == Tatsuniya == Babu wata shaida da ke nuna tarihin waliyyin. <ref name="amai">{{Cite journal |last=Ameisenowa |first=Zofia |year=1949 |title=Animal-Headed Gods, Evangelists, Saints and Righteous Men |url=https://archive.org/details/ameisenowa-1949-animal-headed-gods/page/42/mode/2up?q=christopher |journal=Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes |volume=12 |page=42 |access-date=30 June 2025}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAmeisenowa1949">Ameisenowa, Zofia (1949). </cite></ref> <ref name="brit">{{Cite web |date=January 10, 2026 |editor-last=Britannica |title=Saint Christopher |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Christopher |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124080556/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Christopher |archive-date=24 January 2024 |access-date=January 18, 2026 |publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBritannica2026">Britannica, ed. </cite></ref> Tatsuniyoyi game da rayuwa da mutuwar Saint Christopher sun fara bayyana a Girka a ƙarni na 6 kuma sun bazu zuwa Faransa a ƙarni na 9. Bishop kuma mawaƙi Walter na Speyer na ƙarni na 11 ya rubuta sigar tatsuniyoyi. Shahararrun labaran tatsuniyoyi sun samo asali ne daga ''Tatsuniyoyi na Zinare'' na ƙarni na 13. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Molteni |first=E. |last2=Vergani |first2=M. |last3=Riva |first3=M. A. |date=February 2019 |title=The gigantic tooth of St. Christopher |journal=British Dental Journal |volume=226 |issue=4 |page=240 |doi=10.1038/s41415-019-0034-z |pmid=30796375 |s2cid=256578248 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> [[Fayil:Legendari_di_sancti_istoriado_uulgar,_1497_–_(san_Cristoforo)_-_BEIC_IE4411197.jpg|left|thumb|Saint Christopher a cikin ''Tatsuniyar Zinare'' (1497)]] A cewar labarin rayuwarsa mai ban mamaki, da farko an kira Christopher da suna {{Lang|la|Reprobus}} . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Weniger, Francis X., "St. Christopher, Martyr, (1876) |url=http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/St.%20Christopher.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104118/http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/St.%20Christopher.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=24 December 2013}}</ref> Shi ɗan ƙasar Kan'ana ne, tsawonsa kamu 5 ( {{Convert|7.5|ft}} ) tsayi <ref name="Molteni2019">{{Cite journal |last=Molteni |first=E. |last2=Vergani |first2=M. |last3=Riva |first3=M. A. |date=22 February 2019 |title=The gigantic tooth of St. Christopher |journal=[[British Dental Journal]] |volume=226 |issue=240 |page=240 |doi=10.1038/s41415-019-0034-z |pmid=30796375 |s2cid=71148662 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> kuma da fuska mai ban tsoro. Yayin da yake hidimar sarkin Kan'ana, ya ɗauki kansa ya je ya yi wa "babban sarki da ke can hidima". Ya je wurin sarkin da aka yi masa lakabi da babba, amma wata rana ya ga sarki [[Alamar gicciye|ya gicciye kansa]] bayan an ambaci shaidan. Da ya ji cewa sarki yana tsoron [[Iblis|shaidan]], sai ya tafi ya nemi shaidan. Ya ci karo da ƙungiyar mahara, ɗaya daga cikinsu ya bayyana kansa a matsayin shaidan, don haka Christopher ya yanke shawarar yi masa hidima. Amma lokacin da ya ga sabon ubangijinsa yana guje wa giciye a gefen hanya kuma ya gano cewa shaidan yana tsoron Almasihu, sai ya bar shi ya tambayi mutane inda zai sami Almasihu. Ya haɗu da wani malamin addini wanda ya koya masa addinin Kirista. Christopher ya tambaye shi yadda zai iya bauta wa Almasihu. Lokacin da malamin addini ya ba da shawarar yin azumi da addu'a, Christopher ya amsa cewa ba zai iya yin wannan hidimar ba. Malamin addini ya ba da shawarar cewa saboda girmansa da ƙarfinsa Christopher zai iya bauta wa Almasihu ta hanyar taimaka wa mutane su ketare wani kogi mai haɗari, inda suke halaka a ƙoƙarin. Malamin addini ya yi alƙawarin cewa wannan hidimar za ta faranta wa Almasihu rai. [[Fayil:Orazio_Gentileschi_-_Landscape_with_St_Christopher_-_WGA8576.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|''Tsarin ƙasa tare da St Christopher'' ta Orazio Gentileschi]] Bayan Christopher ya yi wannan hidima na ɗan lokaci, wani ƙaramin yaro ya roƙe shi ya kai shi ƙetaren kogin. A lokacin da ake haye kogin, kogin ya kumbura kuma yaron ya yi kama da gubar da ta yi nauyi, har da kyar Christopher ya iya ɗaukarsa ya sami kansa cikin matsala. Da ya isa ɗayan gefen, sai ya ce wa yaron: "Ka sanya ni cikin babban haɗari. Ban yi tsammanin duniya gaba ɗaya za ta iya zama nauyi a kafaɗuna kamar kai ba." Yaron ya amsa: "Kana da kafaɗunka ba kawai a kan duniya ba, har ma da wanda ya yi shi. Ni ne Almasihu sarkinka, wanda kake yi wa hidima ta wannan aikin." Sai yaron ya ɓace. <ref name="Crawley">{{Cite web |last=John J. Crawley |title=Saint Christopher martyr third century |url=http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/CHRISTOP.HTM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010234720/https://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/CHRISTOP.HTM |archive-date=10 October 2014}}</ref> Daga baya Christopher ya ziyarci Lycia kuma a can ya ta'azantar da Kiristocin da ake yi wa shahada. An kawo shi gaban sarkin yankin, ya ƙi yin hadaya ga allolin arna. Sarkin ya yi ƙoƙarin jawo hankalinsa ta hanyar wadata da kuma aika mata biyu masu kyau don su jarabce shi. Christopher ya mayar da matan zuwa Kiristanci, domin ya riga ya musulunta dubban mutane a birnin. Sarkin ya ba da umarnin a kashe shi. Yunkuri daban-daban sun gaza, amma a ƙarshe an yanke wa Christopher kai. Sunan ''[[Christopher]]'', kamar yadda ake amfani da shi a duniyar Turanci, sigar Turanci ce ta sunan Girkanci {{Lang|grc-x-koine|Χριστόφορος}} ( {{Lang|grc-Latn|Christóphoros}} ko kuma {{Lang|grc-Latn|[[Christóforos]]}} ). An samo ta ne daga kalmar abubuwa {{Lang|grc-x-koine|Χριστός}} ( {{Lang|grc-Latn|Christós}}, 'Kristi'), da kuma {{Lang|grc-x-koine|φέρειν}} ( {{Lang|grc-Latn|phérein}}, 'ɗauka'), tare yana nuna, "mai ɗaukar Kristi". An rarraba shi sosai zuwa wasu harsuna da al'adu daga Girkanci, ana amfani da nau'ikan asali da yawa na ''Christopher'' duka don kiran waliyyi da kuma suna na mutum. [[Fayil:Master_of_St_Christopher_with_the_devil_-_The_martyrdom_of_Saint_Christopher.jpg|thumb|343x343px|''Shahadar Saint Christopher'' ta hannun Malamin St Christopher tare da shaidan, kimanin 1515]] == Girmamawa da kuma goyon baya == === Ibada ta Orthodox ta Gabas === Cocin Orthodox na Gabas yana girmama Christopher na Lycea (ko Lycia ) da Ranar Biki a ranar 9 ga Mayu. Karatun ibada da waƙoƙin yabo suna nuni ga ɗaurin kurkuku da Decius ya yi masa wanda ya jarabci Christopher da [[Karuwanci|karuwai]] kafin ya ba da umarnin a sare masa kai. <ref name="GOAA">{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=Christopher the Martyr of Lycea |url=http://goarch.org/chapel/saints_view?contentid=47 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621092930/http://www.goarch.org/chapel/saints_view?contentid=47 |archive-date=21 June 2013 |access-date=16 April 2013 |website=Saints |publisher=Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America}}</ref> Littafin Kontakion in the Fourth Tone (waƙar) ya ce: <ref name="GOAA" /> [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] d4ngid0wc0ajzbpyg3fz1ewb2a4a6ex 820003 820002 2026-04-10T04:59:53Z Abusule dankofa 24259 820003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Saint Christopher''' ( Greek ; Latin ) wani mutum ne mai tatsuniya wanda ƙungiyoyin [[Kirista]] da dama ke girmama shi a matsayin shahidi kuma waliyi. <ref name="amai">{{Cite journal |last=Ameisenowa |first=Zofia |year=1949 |title=Animal-Headed Gods, Evangelists, Saints and Righteous Men |url=https://archive.org/details/ameisenowa-1949-animal-headed-gods/page/42/mode/2up?q=christopher |journal=Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes |volume=12 |page=42 |access-date=30 June 2025}}</ref> <ref name="brit">{{Cite web |date=January 10, 2026 |editor-last=Britannica |title=Saint Christopher |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Christopher |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124080556/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Christopher |archive-date=24 January 2024 |access-date=January 18, 2026 |publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref> Bisa ga waɗannan al'adun, an kashe shi a zamanin sarkin Roma na ƙarni na 3 Decius ( r. 249–251 ), ko kuma a madadin haka a ƙarƙashin sarki Maximinus Daia ( r. 308–313 ). An keɓe coci ga waliyyi a Chalcedon (kusa da [[Istanbul]] na yanzu) tun daga shekara ta 452. Bautarsa ta bazu ba kawai a Gabas ba har ma da Yamma, inda aka ƙidaya shi a cikin Mataimaka Masu Tsarki Goma Sha Huɗu . <ref name="brit" /> Daga cikin misalai da yawa na tatsuniyoyi, wanda ya shafi sunansa - na mai ɗaukar Almasihu yana ɗaukar ɗan allahntaka a ƙetaren kogin - shine mafi shahara a yau. Shahararren tatsuniyar da ke da alaƙa da waliyyin ya ba da labarin cewa bayan ya koma Kiristanci, ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga ɗaukar matafiya a ƙetaren kogi. Wata rana ya ɗauki wani ƙaramin yaro da ba a sani ba a ƙetaren kogi bayan haka yaron ya bayyana kansa a matsayin Almasihu. Saboda taimakonsa ga matafiya, ya zama waliyyin matafiya. A cikin siffar Cocin Yamma, sau da yawa ana nuna waliyyin a matsayin ƙaton mutum tare da sanda yana ɗauke da jariri Yesu a kan kogi a kafaɗunsa. Ana sanya ƙananan hotunansa a wuya, a kan munduwa, a ɗauka a aljihu, ko a sanya su a cikin ababen hawa. Al'adar Cocin Gabas tana nuna waliyyin a matsayin cynocephalus ('halitta mai kan kare') a cikin fassarar al'adar tatsuniyoyi. == Tatsuniya == Babu wata shaida da ke nuna tarihin waliyyin. <ref name="amai">{{Cite journal |last=Ameisenowa |first=Zofia |year=1949 |title=Animal-Headed Gods, Evangelists, Saints and Righteous Men |url=https://archive.org/details/ameisenowa-1949-animal-headed-gods/page/42/mode/2up?q=christopher |journal=Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes |volume=12 |page=42 |access-date=30 June 2025}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAmeisenowa1949">Ameisenowa, Zofia (1949). </cite></ref> <ref name="brit">{{Cite web |date=January 10, 2026 |editor-last=Britannica |title=Saint Christopher |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Christopher |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124080556/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Christopher |archive-date=24 January 2024 |access-date=January 18, 2026 |publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBritannica2026">Britannica, ed. </cite></ref> Tatsuniyoyi game da rayuwa da mutuwar Saint Christopher sun fara bayyana a Girka a ƙarni na 6 kuma sun bazu zuwa Faransa a ƙarni na 9. Bishop kuma mawaƙi Walter na Speyer na ƙarni na 11 ya rubuta sigar tatsuniyoyi. Shahararrun labaran tatsuniyoyi sun samo asali ne daga ''Tatsuniyoyi na Zinare'' na ƙarni na 13. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Molteni |first=E. |last2=Vergani |first2=M. |last3=Riva |first3=M. A. |date=February 2019 |title=The gigantic tooth of St. Christopher |journal=British Dental Journal |volume=226 |issue=4 |page=240 |doi=10.1038/s41415-019-0034-z |pmid=30796375 |s2cid=256578248 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> [[Fayil:Legendari_di_sancti_istoriado_uulgar,_1497_–_(san_Cristoforo)_-_BEIC_IE4411197.jpg|left|thumb|Saint Christopher a cikin ''Tatsuniyar Zinare'' (1497)]] A cewar labarin rayuwarsa mai ban mamaki, da farko an kira Christopher da suna {{Lang|la|Reprobus}} . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Weniger, Francis X., "St. Christopher, Martyr, (1876) |url=http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/St.%20Christopher.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104118/http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/St.%20Christopher.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=24 December 2013}}</ref> Shi ɗan ƙasar Kan'ana ne, tsawonsa kamu 5 ( {{Convert|7.5|ft}} ) tsayi <ref name="Molteni2019">{{Cite journal |last=Molteni |first=E. |last2=Vergani |first2=M. |last3=Riva |first3=M. A. |date=22 February 2019 |title=The gigantic tooth of St. Christopher |journal=[[British Dental Journal]] |volume=226 |issue=240 |page=240 |doi=10.1038/s41415-019-0034-z |pmid=30796375 |s2cid=71148662 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> kuma da fuska mai ban tsoro. Yayin da yake hidimar sarkin Kan'ana, ya ɗauki kansa ya je ya yi wa "babban sarki da ke can hidima". Ya je wurin sarkin da aka yi masa lakabi da babba, amma wata rana ya ga sarki [[Alamar gicciye|ya gicciye kansa]] bayan an ambaci shaidan. Da ya ji cewa sarki yana tsoron [[Iblis|shaidan]], sai ya tafi ya nemi shaidan. Ya ci karo da ƙungiyar mahara, ɗaya daga cikinsu ya bayyana kansa a matsayin shaidan, don haka Christopher ya yanke shawarar yi masa hidima. Amma lokacin da ya ga sabon ubangijinsa yana guje wa giciye a gefen hanya kuma ya gano cewa shaidan yana tsoron Almasihu, sai ya bar shi ya tambayi mutane inda zai sami Almasihu. Ya haɗu da wani malamin addini wanda ya koya masa addinin Kirista. Christopher ya tambaye shi yadda zai iya bauta wa Almasihu. Lokacin da malamin addini ya ba da shawarar yin azumi da addu'a, Christopher ya amsa cewa ba zai iya yin wannan hidimar ba. Malamin addini ya ba da shawarar cewa saboda girmansa da ƙarfinsa Christopher zai iya bauta wa Almasihu ta hanyar taimaka wa mutane su ketare wani kogi mai haɗari, inda suke halaka a ƙoƙarin. Malamin addini ya yi alƙawarin cewa wannan hidimar za ta faranta wa Almasihu rai. [[Fayil:Orazio_Gentileschi_-_Landscape_with_St_Christopher_-_WGA8576.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|''Tsarin ƙasa tare da St Christopher'' ta Orazio Gentileschi]] Bayan Christopher ya yi wannan hidima na ɗan lokaci, wani ƙaramin yaro ya roƙe shi ya kai shi ƙetaren kogin. A lokacin da ake haye kogin, kogin ya kumbura kuma yaron ya yi kama da gubar da ta yi nauyi, har da kyar Christopher ya iya ɗaukarsa ya sami kansa cikin matsala. Da ya isa ɗayan gefen, sai ya ce wa yaron: "Ka sanya ni cikin babban haɗari. Ban yi tsammanin duniya gaba ɗaya za ta iya zama nauyi a kafaɗuna kamar kai ba." Yaron ya amsa: "Kana da kafaɗunka ba kawai a kan duniya ba, har ma da wanda ya yi shi. Ni ne Almasihu sarkinka, wanda kake yi wa hidima ta wannan aikin." Sai yaron ya ɓace. <ref name="Crawley">{{Cite web |last=John J. Crawley |title=Saint Christopher martyr third century |url=http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/CHRISTOP.HTM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010234720/https://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/CHRISTOP.HTM |archive-date=10 October 2014}}</ref> Daga baya Christopher ya ziyarci Lycia kuma a can ya ta'azantar da Kiristocin da ake yi wa shahada. An kawo shi gaban sarkin yankin, ya ƙi yin hadaya ga allolin arna. Sarkin ya yi ƙoƙarin jawo hankalinsa ta hanyar wadata da kuma aika mata biyu masu kyau don su jarabce shi. Christopher ya mayar da matan zuwa Kiristanci, domin ya riga ya musulunta dubban mutane a birnin. Sarkin ya ba da umarnin a kashe shi. Yunkuri daban-daban sun gaza, amma a ƙarshe an yanke wa Christopher kai. Sunan ''[[Christopher]]'', kamar yadda ake amfani da shi a duniyar Turanci, sigar Turanci ce ta sunan Girkanci {{Lang|grc-x-koine|Χριστόφορος}} ( {{Lang|grc-Latn|Christóphoros}} ko kuma {{Lang|grc-Latn|[[Christóforos]]}} ). An samo ta ne daga kalmar abubuwa {{Lang|grc-x-koine|Χριστός}} ( {{Lang|grc-Latn|Christós}}, 'Kristi'), da kuma {{Lang|grc-x-koine|φέρειν}} ( {{Lang|grc-Latn|phérein}}, 'ɗauka'), tare yana nuna, "mai ɗaukar Kristi". An rarraba shi sosai zuwa wasu harsuna da al'adu daga Girkanci, ana amfani da nau'ikan asali da yawa na ''Christopher'' duka don kiran waliyyi da kuma suna na mutum. [[Fayil:Master_of_St_Christopher_with_the_devil_-_The_martyrdom_of_Saint_Christopher.jpg|thumb|343x343px|''Shahadar Saint Christopher'' ta hannun Malamin St Christopher tare da shaidan, kimanin 1515]] == Girmamawa da kuma goyon baya == === Ibada ta Orthodox ta Gabas === Cocin Orthodox na Gabas yana girmama Christopher na Lycea (ko Lycia ) da Ranar Biki a ranar 9 ga Mayu. Karatun ibada da waƙoƙin yabo suna nuni ga ɗaurin kurkuku da Decius ya yi masa wanda ya jarabci Christopher da [[Karuwanci|karuwai]] kafin ya ba da umarnin a sare masa kai. <ref name="GOAA">{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=Christopher the Martyr of Lycea |url=http://goarch.org/chapel/saints_view?contentid=47 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621092930/http://www.goarch.org/chapel/saints_view?contentid=47 |archive-date=21 June 2013 |access-date=16 April 2013 |website=Saints |publisher=Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America}}</ref> Littafin Kontakion in the Fourth Tone (waƙar) ya ce: <ref name="GOAA" /> [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] ===manazarta=== 5zhgo1fpcxw8wzqrjcs80tpykdreeqj 0 147889 820004 2026-04-10T05:01:20Z Abusule dankofa 24259 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339371420|Christopher North (composer)]]" 820004 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christopher North Renquist''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1969), wanda aka fi sani da '''Christopher North''', mawaki ne na Amurka, mawaƙi, mawaƙi mai waƙoƙi da yawa, mai shirya waƙoƙi, mai shirya fina-finai, mai shirya fina-finai, kuma mai koyarwa. Yana aiki musamman a matsayin mawaƙin fina-finai, ya kuma tsara kuma ya rubuta waƙoƙin makaɗa, wasan kwaikwayo, da rawa. Ana jin waƙoƙinsa a faɗin duniya a talabijin na yara, a fina-finai, a rediyo, da kuma a dandamalin yaɗa shirye-shirye. North ya yi wasan kwaikwayo a Carnegie Hall, ya rera waƙa a Lincoln Center kuma ya buga a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Broadway a matsayin mai buga bass da guitar. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Majiyoyi: <ref name="christophernorth.com">{{Cite web |title=Christopher North's official website |url=http://www.christophernorth.com/bio.html/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022232847/http://www.christophernorth.com/bio.html/ |archive-date=October 22, 2018 |access-date=August 4, 2008}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=North |first=Christopher |date= |title=92y Instructor Christopher North |url=https://www.92y.org/instructor/christopher-north.aspx |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=www.92y.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 12, 2018 |title=Exclusive Interview with Composer Christopher North {{!}} Gainsayer |url=http://www.gainsayer.me/exclusive-interview-with-composer-christopher-north/ |access-date=October 22, 2018 |website=www.gainsayer.me |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Christopher North |url=https://www.nacogdochesfilmfestival.com/christopher-north.html |access-date=October 23, 2018 |website=Bill King |language=en}}</ref> An haifi Christopher North Renquist a Austin, Texas, a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1969, kuma mawaki ne mai kayan kida da yawa da ke zaune a birnin New York. A matsayinsa na mawaki, an yi ayyukansa a wurare daban-daban a Turai (London, Berlin da Edinburgh) da kuma Amurka (Texas, California, Illinois, Ohio, Hawaii da New York) ciki har da haɗin gwiwa da masu shirya fina-finai (Tribeca, Big Apple da SXSW Film Festivals), kamfanonin wasan kwaikwayo (gami da Workshop Theater, NY da Edinburgh Fringe ), masu tsara waƙoƙi (Wave Hill, Joyce SOHO) da kuma kade-kade gami da 92nd Street Y. Ana iya jin wakokin 'ya'yansa a Disney Channel da Noggin, inda ya rubuta waƙoƙi ga Oobi . A matsayinsa na mawaƙi mai ratsa nau'ikan waƙoƙi, North ya yi wasa kuma ya yi rikodi tare da tarin mawaka da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. Ya buga bass tare da [[Quincy Jones]], Chicks, Rosanne Cash, da kuma ƙungiyoyin makada na symphony daban-daban a Broadway a cikin The Lion King da Spring Awakening. Ya rera waƙa tare da New York Philharmonic (gami da [[Lambar yabo ta Grammy|kyautar Grammy]] guda 3 - wanda John Adams ya lashe " On the Transmigration of Souls ") da kuma waƙar Stephen Sondheim ("Frogs" tare da Nathan Lane ). Ya yi wasa a wurare da suka haɗa da Lincoln Center, Carnegie Hall, CBGB 's da Madison Square Garden . Ya yi wasa a talabijin na ƙasa (gami da ''Live with Regis da Kelly'' da ''Live at Lincoln Center'' ), kuma an ji shi a rediyo (NPR, WNYC) da tallace-tallace (gami da Visa da Tide). Ya yi rikodi kuma ya yi wasa sosai a matsayin mai amfani da kayan kida da yawa (gita, madannai, harmonica, da sauransu). A matsayinsa na mai amfani da kayan kida da yawa, yana buga kayan kida na gargajiya da kuma sabbin kayan kida na boutique, ciki har da Marcodi Harpejji, Guitarviol, Slaperoo, Suzuki Andes 25, bass Ukulele, Cello Banjo, ROLI Rise, da Veillette Gryphon. Ya shirya kuma ya fitar da kundin wakoki guda biyu, ''Opus Zero,'' kundin wakoki na gargajiya wanda ke dauke da wakokin chamber da wakokin fasaha, da kuma ''De La Sur,'' kundin wakoki na rock/soul mai ban mamaki. Ya yi zane-zanen sauti da kiɗa ga ''The Forever Waltz'' na Glyn Maxwell, kundin wakokin Angelica Torn 's ''Lucky Days'' da ayyuka daban-daban tare da marubuci kuma darakta Matthew Miele, inda ya kammala fim din ''Everything's Jake'' a shekarar 2006 da ''[[Eavesdrop (film)|Eavesdrop]]'' a watan Satumba na 2007. Mawakansa da kundin wakokinsa sun hada da mawakan NYC na duniya ( Eroica Trio, Ethel (string quartet), Andy Middleton, Carol Emanuel). == Ayyuka/Rubuce-rubuce/Wasanni == Majiyoyi: <ref name="christophernorth.com">{{Cite web |title=Christopher North's official website |url=http://www.christophernorth.com/bio.html/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022232847/http://www.christophernorth.com/bio.html/ |archive-date=October 22, 2018 |access-date=August 4, 2008}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181022232847/http://www.christophernorth.com/bio.html/ "Christopher North's official website"]. Archived from [http://www.christophernorth.com/bio.html/ the original] on October 22, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=christopher north {{!}} CD Baby Music Store |url=https://store.cdbaby.com/Artist/ChristopherNorth |access-date=October 22, 2018 |website=store.cdbaby.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Christopher North |url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2423812/ |access-date=February 9, 2019 |website=IMDb}}</ref> === Maki na Fim === * ''The Stranger I Love'' — A film by Theresa Godly with Christopher North as Executive Producer, Composer and Music Supervisor * ''The Last Ride'' – A film by Nyle Cavazos Garcia * ''Max Roach: The Drum Also Waltzes'' - A film by Sam Pollard & Ben Shapiro * ''The Dark Offerings'' — A film by Marcus Slabine and Elizabeth S. Piper * ''Homebound'' — Directed by Usher Morgan * ''Vial'' — A film by Sonja O'Hara and Micah Stuart * ''En Suite'' - Directed by Geoffrey Cantor * ''Paint'' — Directed by Michael Walker * ''Unpainted'' — A film by Todd Krueger * ''The Last Call (2019)'' — A film by Marcus Slabine * ''Cracked Up: The Darrell Hammond Story'' – A film by Michelle Esrick, starring Darrell Hammond as himself in which Christopher North provided guitarviol bookend cues * ''Lp -'' A crime short by Alexander Etseyatse * ''Capturing the Flag'' – A film by Anne de Mare documenting vote registration * ''Otis -'' A TV Series by Alexander Etseyatse in which North composed music for the episode ''Six Months Earlier'' * ''Stopwatch -'' A short drama film by Alexander Etseyatse * ''Cut Shoot Kill'' – A horror film by Michael Walker in which North composed much of his scores using the waterphone * ''Addict'' – A short film by Steve Curley with an ambient score * ''The Bell -'' A thriller short by Jeremy Merrifield * ''Two Trains Runnin''' – A Grammy nominated film (Best Original Music) directed by Samuel D. Pollard and written by Benjamin Hedin. North attended the Newport Folk Festival where he performed themes from the film * ''Dark Passenger: Volume 1 -'' A horror film involving six stories that center around characters dealing with their personal demons * ''The Flip -'' A drama short by Chung Lam * ''The Break In -'' A horror short by Marcus Slabine * ''A New High'' – A documentary film about homelessness and drug addiction directed by Samuel Miron and Stephen Scott Scapulla * ''Missing People -'' A crime documentary by David Shapiro * ''All in Time'' – A drama film by Christopher Fetchko and Marina Donahue * ''Karl Manhair, Postal Inspector -'' A TV series in which North composed music for 6 episodes; ''Man Is a Bad Animal, The Dark Arts, Family Business, Sisyphus, Some Sort of Sex Thing, Be the Lion'' * ''Think Ink'' – A short film directed by Wally Chung and story by Emily Hu which was awarded the Spirit of Slamdance at the Slamdance Film Festival * ''The Bear -'' A drama short by Rachael Sonnenberg * ''F(l)ag Football'' – A film by Seth Greenleaf starring Wade Davis, Jared Garduno, Brenton Metzler, Cyd Zeigler * ''Inseparable -'' A drama short by Eran Evron * ''Sky of the Damned'' – A TV series by Tasmin L. Silver in which North composed music for 5 episodes; ''Wake, Jillian, The FAE, Welcome to My City, Back to the Start'' * ''Bird Song -'' A drama short by Rachael Sonnenberg and Max Stern * ''L'Absinthe -'' A drama/thriller by Olivier Bertin * ''Powerless -'' A documentary short by Adam Lawrence and Shayok Mukhopadhyay * ''Bible Quiz'' – A film by Nicole Teeny which opened at the 2013 Slamdance Film Festival. North's score features marimba, harpsichord, organ, guitar, percussion, glockenspiel, whistling, and various glass sounds * ''Four One Nine -'' A drama short by Alexander Etseyatse * ''Move'' – A documentary by Theodore Collatos * ''Goodbye Brooklyn -'' A drama short by Jon-Carlos Evans * ''Houston & 6th -'' A thriller short by Nyle Cavazos Garcia * ''Open Call -'' A comedy short by Geoff Lerer * ''The 5Boroughs -'' A comedy/drama short by Nyle Cavazos Garcia * ''The Man with the Red Right Hand -'' A comedy/thriller short by Nyle Cavazos Garcia * ''Put It in Your Box -'' A comedy short by Matthew D'Abate * ''S&M -'' A short thriller film by Matthew D'Abate * ''Werewolf -'' A horror short by Matthew D'Abate * ''Bemvindo'' – A short film by Alexandra Roxo * ''Case Closed -'' A comedy/drama short by Kevin Stocklin * ''Giant Place Detail'' – A documentary by Diana Quinones Rivera * ''Mary's Journal: Episode 1 – Connected -'' A short horror/mystery film by Nyle Cavazos Garcia * ''Abidjan -'' A short film by Alexander Etseyatse, premiering at 24 film festivals * ''Eavesdrop: A Conversation with Writer/Director Matthew Miele -'' A video documentary short about the filming of ''Eavesdrop (2008)'' * ''Cut -'' A short horror film by Matthew D'Abate * ''Heart'' – A short drama film by Hugh Plantin * ''Brother's Reaction -'' A short drama film by Eddie Griffith * ''Nutmeg -'' A comedy short by Amy Benaroya * ''[[Eavesdrop (film)|Eavesdrop]]'' – A film by Matthew Miele starring Chris Parnell, Tovah Feldshuh, Terennce Mann * ''The Dark -'' A short horror film and another collaboration with filmmaker Nyle Cavazos Garcia * ''Lucky Days'' – A film by Angelica Torn starring actor/writer/director Angelica Torn, Luke Zarzecki, co-director Tony Torn, Rip Torn, Federico Castelluccio * ''Everything's Jake'' – A film by Matthew Miele starring Ernie Hudson, score performed by composer (with string quartet and saxophone) distributed by Warner Brothers * ''Skips'' – A short film by Steve Curley, guitar and percussion score (2003) official entry in 2003 Tribeca Film Festival * ''Humidity'' – A short thriller film by Nyle Cavazos Garcia * ''The Tip'' (1997) – Multi-tracked double bass and piano score for short film produced and directed by Kahvan Mashayekh premiered at the Independent Film Festival, Houston, Texas, official entry in the 1998 South by Southwest Film Festival in Austin, TX and in the 1998 Houston International Film Festival === Kiɗa don Rawa === * ''Ferrum'' (2015) wani aiki na musamman a wurin Pioneer Works (wanda kuma aka buga a Roulette) wanda ya yi amfani da kayan tarihi da masana'antu na wurin Pioneer. An ba da umarnin aikin ne ta hanyar Under Story (Tsohon Carte Blanche Performance) Brooklyn NY. * Aikin motsa jiki ''na Victorian Hypnosis a The Salon Mexicana'' (2015) tare da haɗin gwiwar Atlas Obscura wanda Under Story (Tsohon Carte Blanche Performance) ya jagoranta ACME Studios, Brooklyn NY * ''NEIL'' (2014) wani wasan kwaikwayo na musamman a wurin da aka yi a shirin farko na Dandalin Gidan Tarihi na New York Transit wanda Under Story (Tsohon Carte Blance Performance) ya jagoranta a New York NY * ''Suddenly Green'' (1998) don na'urar rikodi, guitar, da kuma busa (wani mawaƙi/mai rawa da mawaƙin ya yi) wanda Field da mai tsara rawa Sherry Greenspan suka ba da umarni don bikin rawa a tituna a Wave Hill, Bronx NY. * ''Seuss Suites'' (1998) zane mai amfani da kayan kida da yawa/tsarin sauti don rawa wanda Valerie Alpert da Company, Columbus OH suka ba da umarnin. * ''Ina Ɗauki Dare a Tsakiyar Tafiyata'' (1997–1998) don yin bass biyu, guitar da kuma bugun ganga (wani mawaƙi/mai rawa da mawaƙin ya yi) wanda mai tsara rawa Sherry Greenspan ya ba da umarni, wanda aka gabatar a Joyce Theater Soho, NYC. * ''Me Kake Tsoro?'' (1997) zane-zanen kayan aiki da yawa/ƙirar sauti wanda Valerie Alpert da Company, Columbus OH suka bayar. * ''Seed'' (1995) don goge, haɗin gwiwar kafofin watsa labarai da yawa tare da mai tsara rawa Michelle Lee Adams don wasan kwaikwayo daga New Arts Collective, Dallas TX [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] llx7fgpnpfcto8tz6wut4wqsvetxgnk 820005 820004 2026-04-10T05:02:16Z Abusule dankofa 24259 820005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christopher North Renquist''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1969), wanda aka fi sani da '''Christopher North''', mawaki ne na Amurka, mawaƙi, mawaƙi mai waƙoƙi da yawa, mai shirya waƙoƙi, mai shirya fina-finai, mai shirya fina-finai, kuma mai koyarwa. Yana aiki musamman a matsayin mawaƙin fina-finai, ya kuma tsara kuma ya rubuta waƙoƙin makaɗa, wasan kwaikwayo, da rawa. Ana jin waƙoƙinsa a faɗin duniya a talabijin na yara, a fina-finai, a rediyo, da kuma a dandamalin yaɗa shirye-shirye. North ya yi wasan kwaikwayo a Carnegie Hall, ya rera waƙa a Lincoln Center kuma ya buga a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Broadway a matsayin mai buga bass da guitar. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Majiyoyi: <ref name="christophernorth.com">{{Cite web |title=Christopher North's official website |url=http://www.christophernorth.com/bio.html/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022232847/http://www.christophernorth.com/bio.html/ |archive-date=October 22, 2018 |access-date=August 4, 2008}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=North |first=Christopher |date= |title=92y Instructor Christopher North |url=https://www.92y.org/instructor/christopher-north.aspx |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=www.92y.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 12, 2018 |title=Exclusive Interview with Composer Christopher North {{!}} Gainsayer |url=http://www.gainsayer.me/exclusive-interview-with-composer-christopher-north/ |access-date=October 22, 2018 |website=www.gainsayer.me |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Christopher North |url=https://www.nacogdochesfilmfestival.com/christopher-north.html |access-date=October 23, 2018 |website=Bill King |language=en}}</ref> An haifi Christopher North Renquist a Austin, Texas, a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1969, kuma mawaki ne mai kayan kida da yawa da ke zaune a birnin New York. A matsayinsa na mawaki, an yi ayyukansa a wurare daban-daban a Turai (London, Berlin da Edinburgh) da kuma Amurka (Texas, California, Illinois, Ohio, Hawaii da New York) ciki har da haɗin gwiwa da masu shirya fina-finai (Tribeca, Big Apple da SXSW Film Festivals), kamfanonin wasan kwaikwayo (gami da Workshop Theater, NY da Edinburgh Fringe ), masu tsara waƙoƙi (Wave Hill, Joyce SOHO) da kuma kade-kade gami da 92nd Street Y. Ana iya jin wakokin 'ya'yansa a Disney Channel da Noggin, inda ya rubuta waƙoƙi ga Oobi . A matsayinsa na mawaƙi mai ratsa nau'ikan waƙoƙi, North ya yi wasa kuma ya yi rikodi tare da tarin mawaka da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. Ya buga bass tare da [[Quincy Jones]], Chicks, Rosanne Cash, da kuma ƙungiyoyin makada na symphony daban-daban a Broadway a cikin The Lion King da Spring Awakening. Ya rera waƙa tare da New York Philharmonic (gami da [[Lambar yabo ta Grammy|kyautar Grammy]] guda 3 - wanda John Adams ya lashe " On the Transmigration of Souls ") da kuma waƙar Stephen Sondheim ("Frogs" tare da Nathan Lane ). Ya yi wasa a wurare da suka haɗa da Lincoln Center, Carnegie Hall, CBGB 's da Madison Square Garden . Ya yi wasa a talabijin na ƙasa (gami da ''Live with Regis da Kelly'' da ''Live at Lincoln Center'' ), kuma an ji shi a rediyo (NPR, WNYC) da tallace-tallace (gami da Visa da Tide). Ya yi rikodi kuma ya yi wasa sosai a matsayin mai amfani da kayan kida da yawa (gita, madannai, harmonica, da sauransu). A matsayinsa na mai amfani da kayan kida da yawa, yana buga kayan kida na gargajiya da kuma sabbin kayan kida na boutique, ciki har da Marcodi Harpejji, Guitarviol, Slaperoo, Suzuki Andes 25, bass Ukulele, Cello Banjo, ROLI Rise, da Veillette Gryphon. Ya shirya kuma ya fitar da kundin wakoki guda biyu, ''Opus Zero,'' kundin wakoki na gargajiya wanda ke dauke da wakokin chamber da wakokin fasaha, da kuma ''De La Sur,'' kundin wakoki na rock/soul mai ban mamaki. Ya yi zane-zanen sauti da kiɗa ga ''The Forever Waltz'' na Glyn Maxwell, kundin wakokin Angelica Torn 's ''Lucky Days'' da ayyuka daban-daban tare da marubuci kuma darakta Matthew Miele, inda ya kammala fim din ''Everything's Jake'' a shekarar 2006 da ''[[Eavesdrop (film)|Eavesdrop]]'' a watan Satumba na 2007. Mawakansa da kundin wakokinsa sun hada da mawakan NYC na duniya ( Eroica Trio, Ethel (string quartet), Andy Middleton, Carol Emanuel). == Ayyuka/Rubuce-rubuce/Wasanni == Majiyoyi: <ref name="christophernorth.com">{{Cite web |title=Christopher North's official website |url=http://www.christophernorth.com/bio.html/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022232847/http://www.christophernorth.com/bio.html/ |archive-date=October 22, 2018 |access-date=August 4, 2008}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181022232847/http://www.christophernorth.com/bio.html/ "Christopher North's official website"]. Archived from [http://www.christophernorth.com/bio.html/ the original] on October 22, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=christopher north {{!}} CD Baby Music Store |url=https://store.cdbaby.com/Artist/ChristopherNorth |access-date=October 22, 2018 |website=store.cdbaby.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Christopher North |url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2423812/ |access-date=February 9, 2019 |website=IMDb}}</ref> === Maki na Fim === * ''The Stranger I Love'' — A film by Theresa Godly with Christopher North as Executive Producer, Composer and Music Supervisor * ''The Last Ride'' – A film by Nyle Cavazos Garcia * ''Max Roach: The Drum Also Waltzes'' - A film by Sam Pollard & Ben Shapiro * ''The Dark Offerings'' — A film by Marcus Slabine and Elizabeth S. Piper * ''Homebound'' — Directed by Usher Morgan * ''Vial'' — A film by Sonja O'Hara and Micah Stuart * ''En Suite'' - Directed by Geoffrey Cantor * ''Paint'' — Directed by Michael Walker * ''Unpainted'' — A film by Todd Krueger * ''The Last Call (2019)'' — A film by Marcus Slabine * ''Cracked Up: The Darrell Hammond Story'' – A film by Michelle Esrick, starring Darrell Hammond as himself in which Christopher North provided guitarviol bookend cues * ''Lp -'' A crime short by Alexander Etseyatse * ''Capturing the Flag'' – A film by Anne de Mare documenting vote registration * ''Otis -'' A TV Series by Alexander Etseyatse in which North composed music for the episode ''Six Months Earlier'' * ''Stopwatch -'' A short drama film by Alexander Etseyatse * ''Cut Shoot Kill'' – A horror film by Michael Walker in which North composed much of his scores using the waterphone * ''Addict'' – A short film by Steve Curley with an ambient score * ''The Bell -'' A thriller short by Jeremy Merrifield * ''Two Trains Runnin''' – A Grammy nominated film (Best Original Music) directed by Samuel D. Pollard and written by Benjamin Hedin. North attended the Newport Folk Festival where he performed themes from the film * ''Dark Passenger: Volume 1 -'' A horror film involving six stories that center around characters dealing with their personal demons * ''The Flip -'' A drama short by Chung Lam * ''The Break In -'' A horror short by Marcus Slabine * ''A New High'' – A documentary film about homelessness and drug addiction directed by Samuel Miron and Stephen Scott Scapulla * ''Missing People -'' A crime documentary by David Shapiro * ''All in Time'' – A drama film by Christopher Fetchko and Marina Donahue * ''Karl Manhair, Postal Inspector -'' A TV series in which North composed music for 6 episodes; ''Man Is a Bad Animal, The Dark Arts, Family Business, Sisyphus, Some Sort of Sex Thing, Be the Lion'' * ''Think Ink'' – A short film directed by Wally Chung and story by Emily Hu which was awarded the Spirit of Slamdance at the Slamdance Film Festival * ''The Bear -'' A drama short by Rachael Sonnenberg * ''F(l)ag Football'' – A film by Seth Greenleaf starring Wade Davis, Jared Garduno, Brenton Metzler, Cyd Zeigler * ''Inseparable -'' A drama short by Eran Evron * ''Sky of the Damned'' – A TV series by Tasmin L. Silver in which North composed music for 5 episodes; ''Wake, Jillian, The FAE, Welcome to My City, Back to the Start'' * ''Bird Song -'' A drama short by Rachael Sonnenberg and Max Stern * ''L'Absinthe -'' A drama/thriller by Olivier Bertin * ''Powerless -'' A documentary short by Adam Lawrence and Shayok Mukhopadhyay * ''Bible Quiz'' – A film by Nicole Teeny which opened at the 2013 Slamdance Film Festival. North's score features marimba, harpsichord, organ, guitar, percussion, glockenspiel, whistling, and various glass sounds * ''Four One Nine -'' A drama short by Alexander Etseyatse * ''Move'' – A documentary by Theodore Collatos * ''Goodbye Brooklyn -'' A drama short by Jon-Carlos Evans * ''Houston & 6th -'' A thriller short by Nyle Cavazos Garcia * ''Open Call -'' A comedy short by Geoff Lerer * ''The 5Boroughs -'' A comedy/drama short by Nyle Cavazos Garcia * ''The Man with the Red Right Hand -'' A comedy/thriller short by Nyle Cavazos Garcia * ''Put It in Your Box -'' A comedy short by Matthew D'Abate * ''S&M -'' A short thriller film by Matthew D'Abate * ''Werewolf -'' A horror short by Matthew D'Abate * ''Bemvindo'' – A short film by Alexandra Roxo * ''Case Closed -'' A comedy/drama short by Kevin Stocklin * ''Giant Place Detail'' – A documentary by Diana Quinones Rivera * ''Mary's Journal: Episode 1 – Connected -'' A short horror/mystery film by Nyle Cavazos Garcia * ''Abidjan -'' A short film by Alexander Etseyatse, premiering at 24 film festivals * ''Eavesdrop: A Conversation with Writer/Director Matthew Miele -'' A video documentary short about the filming of ''Eavesdrop (2008)'' * ''Cut -'' A short horror film by Matthew D'Abate * ''Heart'' – A short drama film by Hugh Plantin * ''Brother's Reaction -'' A short drama film by Eddie Griffith * ''Nutmeg -'' A comedy short by Amy Benaroya * ''[[Eavesdrop (film)|Eavesdrop]]'' – A film by Matthew Miele starring Chris Parnell, Tovah Feldshuh, Terennce Mann * ''The Dark -'' A short horror film and another collaboration with filmmaker Nyle Cavazos Garcia * ''Lucky Days'' – A film by Angelica Torn starring actor/writer/director Angelica Torn, Luke Zarzecki, co-director Tony Torn, Rip Torn, Federico Castelluccio * ''Everything's Jake'' – A film by Matthew Miele starring Ernie Hudson, score performed by composer (with string quartet and saxophone) distributed by Warner Brothers * ''Skips'' – A short film by Steve Curley, guitar and percussion score (2003) official entry in 2003 Tribeca Film Festival * ''Humidity'' – A short thriller film by Nyle Cavazos Garcia * ''The Tip'' (1997) – Multi-tracked double bass and piano score for short film produced and directed by Kahvan Mashayekh premiered at the Independent Film Festival, Houston, Texas, official entry in the 1998 South by Southwest Film Festival in Austin, TX and in the 1998 Houston International Film Festival === Kiɗa don Rawa === * ''Ferrum'' (2015) wani aiki na musamman a wurin Pioneer Works (wanda kuma aka buga a Roulette) wanda ya yi amfani da kayan tarihi da masana'antu na wurin Pioneer. An ba da umarnin aikin ne ta hanyar Under Story (Tsohon Carte Blanche Performance) Brooklyn NY. * Aikin motsa jiki ''na Victorian Hypnosis a The Salon Mexicana'' (2015) tare da haɗin gwiwar Atlas Obscura wanda Under Story (Tsohon Carte Blanche Performance) ya jagoranta ACME Studios, Brooklyn NY * ''NEIL'' (2014) wani wasan kwaikwayo na musamman a wurin da aka yi a shirin farko na Dandalin Gidan Tarihi na New York Transit wanda Under Story (Tsohon Carte Blance Performance) ya jagoranta a New York NY * ''Suddenly Green'' (1998) don na'urar rikodi, guitar, da kuma busa (wani mawaƙi/mai rawa da mawaƙin ya yi) wanda Field da mai tsara rawa Sherry Greenspan suka ba da umarni don bikin rawa a tituna a Wave Hill, Bronx NY. * ''Seuss Suites'' (1998) zane mai amfani da kayan kida da yawa/tsarin sauti don rawa wanda Valerie Alpert da Company, Columbus OH suka ba da umarnin. * ''Ina Ɗauki Dare a Tsakiyar Tafiyata'' (1997–1998) don yin bass biyu, guitar da kuma bugun ganga (wani mawaƙi/mai rawa da mawaƙin ya yi) wanda mai tsara rawa Sherry Greenspan ya ba da umarni, wanda aka gabatar a Joyce Theater Soho, NYC. * ''Me Kake Tsoro?'' (1997) zane-zanen kayan aiki da yawa/ƙirar sauti wanda Valerie Alpert da Company, Columbus OH suka bayar. * ''Seed'' (1995) don goge, haɗin gwiwar kafofin watsa labarai da yawa tare da mai tsara rawa Michelle Lee Adams don wasan kwaikwayo daga New Arts Collective, Dallas TX [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] ===manazarta=== kfmoj9p6orrdagpilb49faudrqa7yl7 820006 820005 2026-04-10T05:04:14Z Abusule dankofa 24259 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339371420|Christopher North (composer)]]" 820006 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christopher North Renquist''' (born February 6, 1969), known professionally as '''Christopher North''', is an American composer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist musician, conductor, producer, and educator. Working most notably as a film composer, he has also composed and written for orchestra, theater, and dance, His songs are heard around the globe on children's television, in films, on radio, and on streaming platforms. North has conducted at Carnegie Hall, sang at Lincoln Center and played in Broadway theater as a bassist and guitarist. == Biography == Sources:<ref name="christophernorth.com">{{Cite web |title=Christopher North's official website |url=http://www.christophernorth.com/bio.html/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022232847/http://www.christophernorth.com/bio.html/ |archive-date=October 22, 2018 |access-date=August 4, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=North |first=Christopher |date= |title=92y Instructor Christopher North |url=https://www.92y.org/instructor/christopher-north.aspx |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=www.92y.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 12, 2018 |title=Exclusive Interview with Composer Christopher North {{!}} Gainsayer |url=http://www.gainsayer.me/exclusive-interview-with-composer-christopher-north/ |access-date=October 22, 2018 |website=www.gainsayer.me |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Christopher North |url=https://www.nacogdochesfilmfestival.com/christopher-north.html |access-date=October 23, 2018 |website=Bill King |language=en}}</ref> Born Christopher North Renquist in Austin, Texas, on February 6, 1969, Christopher North is a multi-instrumental composer and singer-songwriter based in New York City. As a composer his works have been performed at venues in Europe (London, Berlin and Edinburgh) and the US (Texas, California, Illinois, Ohio, Hawaii and New York) including collaborations with filmmakers (Tribeca, Big Apple and SXSW Film Festivals), theater companies (including Workshop Theater, NY and Edinburgh Fringe), choreographers (Wave Hill, Joyce SOHO) and concerts including the 92nd Street Y. His children's songs can be heard on the Disney Channel and Noggin, where he wrote songs for Oobi. As a genre-crossing musician, North has performed and recorded with an eclectic array of artists and ensembles. He has played bass with [[Quincy Jones]], the Chicks, Rosanne Cash, various symphony orchestras as well on Broadway in The Lion King and Spring Awakening. He has sung with the New York Philharmonic (including the 3 [[Lambar yabo ta Grammy|Grammy Award]]–winning John Adams' "On the Transmigration of Souls") and for Stephen Sondheim ("Frogs" with Nathan Lane). He has performed at venues including Lincoln Center, Carnegie Hall, CBGB's and Madison Square Garden. He has performed on national TV (including ''Live with Regis and Kelly'' and ''Live at Lincoln Center''), and been heard on the radio (NPR, WNYC) and commercials (including Visa and Tide). He has recorded and performed extensively as a multi-instrumentalist (guitar, keyboards, harmonica, etc.) As a multi-instrumentalist, he plays traditional instruments as well as newly created boutique instruments, including the Marcodi Harpejji, the Guitarviol, the Slaperoo, the Suzuki Andes 25, bass Ukulele, Cello Banjo, a ROLI Rise, and a Veillette Gryphon. He has produced and released two albums, ''Opus Zero,'' a classical album featuring chamber music and art songs, and ''De La Sur,'' an eclectic rock/soul album. He has done sound design and music for ''The Forever Waltz'' by Glyn Maxwell, the score for Angelica Torn's ''Lucky Days'' and various projects with writer and director Matthew Miele, finishing the feature-length film ''Everything's Jake'' in 2006 and ''[[Eavesdrop (film)|Eavesdrop]]'' in September 2007. His scores and albums feature world-class NYC musicians (Eroica Trio, Ethel (string quartet), Andy Middleton, Carol Emanuel). == Works/Recordings/Performances == Sources:<ref name="christophernorth.com">{{Cite web |title=Christopher North's official website |url=http://www.christophernorth.com/bio.html/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022232847/http://www.christophernorth.com/bio.html/ |archive-date=October 22, 2018 |access-date=August 4, 2008}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181022232847/http://www.christophernorth.com/bio.html/ "Christopher North's official website"]. Archived from [http://www.christophernorth.com/bio.html/ the original] on October 22, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=christopher north {{!}} CD Baby Music Store |url=https://store.cdbaby.com/Artist/ChristopherNorth |access-date=October 22, 2018 |website=store.cdbaby.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Christopher North |url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2423812/ |access-date=February 9, 2019 |website=IMDb}}</ref> === Film Scores === * ''The Stranger I Love'' — A film by Theresa Godly with Christopher North as Executive Producer, Composer and Music Supervisor * ''The Last Ride'' – A film by Nyle Cavazos Garcia * ''Max Roach: The Drum Also Waltzes'' - A film by Sam Pollard & Ben Shapiro * ''The Dark Offerings'' — A film by Marcus Slabine and Elizabeth S. Piper * ''Homebound'' — Directed by Usher Morgan * ''Vial'' — A film by Sonja O'Hara and Micah Stuart * ''En Suite'' - Directed by Geoffrey Cantor * ''Paint'' — Directed by Michael Walker * ''Unpainted'' — A film by Todd Krueger * ''The Last Call (2019)'' — A film by Marcus Slabine * ''Cracked Up: The Darrell Hammond Story'' – A film by Michelle Esrick, starring Darrell Hammond as himself in which Christopher North provided guitarviol bookend cues * ''Lp -'' A crime short by Alexander Etseyatse * ''Capturing the Flag'' – A film by Anne de Mare documenting vote registration * ''Otis -'' A TV Series by Alexander Etseyatse in which North composed music for the episode ''Six Months Earlier'' * ''Stopwatch -'' A short drama film by Alexander Etseyatse * ''Cut Shoot Kill'' – A horror film by Michael Walker in which North composed much of his scores using the waterphone * ''Addict'' – A short film by Steve Curley with an ambient score * ''The Bell -'' A thriller short by Jeremy Merrifield * ''Two Trains Runnin''' – A Grammy nominated film (Best Original Music) directed by Samuel D. Pollard and written by Benjamin Hedin. North attended the Newport Folk Festival where he performed themes from the film * ''Dark Passenger: Volume 1 -'' A horror film involving six stories that center around characters dealing with their personal demons * ''The Flip -'' A drama short by Chung Lam * ''The Break In -'' A horror short by Marcus Slabine * ''A New High'' – A documentary film about homelessness and drug addiction directed by Samuel Miron and Stephen Scott Scapulla * ''Missing People -'' A crime documentary by David Shapiro * ''All in Time'' – A drama film by Christopher Fetchko and Marina Donahue * ''Karl Manhair, Postal Inspector -'' A TV series in which North composed music for 6 episodes; ''Man Is a Bad Animal, The Dark Arts, Family Business, Sisyphus, Some Sort of Sex Thing, Be the Lion'' * ''Think Ink'' – A short film directed by Wally Chung and story by Emily Hu which was awarded the Spirit of Slamdance at the Slamdance Film Festival * ''The Bear -'' A drama short by Rachael Sonnenberg * ''F(l)ag Football'' – A film by Seth Greenleaf starring Wade Davis, Jared Garduno, Brenton Metzler, Cyd Zeigler * ''Inseparable -'' A drama short by Eran Evron * ''Sky of the Damned'' – A TV series by Tasmin L. Silver in which North composed music for 5 episodes; ''Wake, Jillian, The FAE, Welcome to My City, Back to the Start'' * ''Bird Song -'' A drama short by Rachael Sonnenberg and Max Stern * ''L'Absinthe -'' A drama/thriller by Olivier Bertin * ''Powerless -'' A documentary short by Adam Lawrence and Shayok Mukhopadhyay * ''Bible Quiz'' – A film by Nicole Teeny which opened at the 2013 Slamdance Film Festival. North's score features marimba, harpsichord, organ, guitar, percussion, glockenspiel, whistling, and various glass sounds * ''Four One Nine -'' A drama short by Alexander Etseyatse * ''Move'' – A documentary by Theodore Collatos * ''Goodbye Brooklyn -'' A drama short by Jon-Carlos Evans * ''Houston & 6th -'' A thriller short by Nyle Cavazos Garcia * ''Open Call -'' A comedy short by Geoff Lerer * ''The 5Boroughs -'' A comedy/drama short by Nyle Cavazos Garcia * ''The Man with the Red Right Hand -'' A comedy/thriller short by Nyle Cavazos Garcia * ''Put It in Your Box -'' A comedy short by Matthew D'Abate * ''S&M -'' A short thriller film by Matthew D'Abate * ''Werewolf -'' A horror short by Matthew D'Abate * ''Bemvindo'' – A short film by Alexandra Roxo * ''Case Closed -'' A comedy/drama short by Kevin Stocklin * ''Giant Place Detail'' – A documentary by Diana Quinones Rivera * ''Mary's Journal: Episode 1 – Connected -'' A short horror/mystery film by Nyle Cavazos Garcia * ''Abidjan -'' A short film by Alexander Etseyatse, premiering at 24 film festivals * ''Eavesdrop: A Conversation with Writer/Director Matthew Miele -'' A video documentary short about the filming of ''Eavesdrop (2008)'' * ''Cut -'' A short horror film by Matthew D'Abate * ''Heart'' – A short drama film by Hugh Plantin * ''Brother's Reaction -'' A short drama film by Eddie Griffith * ''Nutmeg -'' A comedy short by Amy Benaroya * ''[[Eavesdrop (film)|Eavesdrop]]'' – A film by Matthew Miele starring Chris Parnell, Tovah Feldshuh, Terennce Mann * ''The Dark -'' A short horror film and another collaboration with filmmaker Nyle Cavazos Garcia * ''Lucky Days'' – A film by Angelica Torn starring actor/writer/director Angelica Torn, Luke Zarzecki, co-director Tony Torn, Rip Torn, Federico Castelluccio * ''Everything's Jake'' – A film by Matthew Miele starring Ernie Hudson, score performed by composer (with string quartet and saxophone) distributed by Warner Brothers * ''Skips'' – A short film by Steve Curley, guitar and percussion score (2003) official entry in 2003 Tribeca Film Festival * ''Humidity'' – A short thriller film by Nyle Cavazos Garcia * ''The Tip'' (1997) – Multi-tracked double bass and piano score for short film produced and directed by Kahvan Mashayekh premiered at the Independent Film Festival, Houston, Texas, official entry in the 1998 South by Southwest Film Festival in Austin, TX and in the 1998 Houston International Film Festival === Music for Dance === * ''Ferrum'' (2015) a Site-Specific Project at Pioneer Works (also played at Roulette) that draws on the historical, industrial components of the Pioneer space. The project was commissioned by Under Story (Formerly Carte Blanche Performance) Brooklyn NY * ''Victorian Hypnosis at The Salon Mexicana'' (2015) immersive performance in collaboration with Atlas Obscura commissioned by Under Story (Formerly Carte Blanche Performance) ACME Studios, Brooklyn NY * ''NEIL'' (2014) site-specific performance at New York Transit Museum's Inaugural Platform series commissioned by Under Story (Formerly Carte Blance Performance) New York NY * ''Suddenly Green'' (1998) for recorder, guitar, and percussion (one musician / dancer performed by the composer) commissioned by the Field and choreographer Sherry Greenspan for the Dancing in the Streets Festival at Wave Hill, Bronx NY * ''Seuss Suites'' (1998) multi-instrumental score/sound design for dance commissioned by Valerie Alpert and Company, Columbus OH * ''I Take Nights in the Middle of my Walk'' (1997–1998) for double bass, guitar and percussion (one musician / dancer performed by the composer) commissioned by choreographer Sherry Greenspan, presented at Joyce Theater Soho, NYC * ''What Are You Afraid Of?'' (1997) multi-instrumental score/sound design commissioned by Valerie Alpert and Company, Columbus OH * ''Seed'' (1995) for violin, multi-media collaboration with choreographer Michelle Lee Adams for performance by New Arts Collective, Dallas TX [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] 1zyy5iiz0a2by8ls60698yzwamydnz0 0 147890 820007 2026-04-10T05:06:19Z Abusule dankofa 24259 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347448171|Christopher North (Ambrosia)]]" 820007 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christopher Reed North''' (Janairu 26, 1951 - Maris 30, 2026) mawakin Amurka ne. Shi ne wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar mawakan rock masu tasowa ta Amurka Ambrosia . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Christopher Reed North a San Francisco a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 1951. Ya girma a San Pedro, California, yana wasa a ƙungiyoyi daban-daban har zuwa makarantar sakandare ta farko da sakandare. Wasu daga cikin ƙungiyoyin farko da ya yi wasa da su sune The Proones, The Livin End, da Thee Exceptions. A shekarar 1968 ya kafa ƙungiyar mawakan rock ta psychedelic Blue Toad Flax tare da Tom Trefethen, suna buga organ da rera waƙoƙin jagora. == Sana'a == === Ambrosia === [[Fayil:Cnorthambrosia.jpg|left|thumb|Arewa da Ambrosia]] A shekarar 1970 ya kafa ƙungiyar mawakan rock masu ci gaba Ambrosia tare da David Pack, Joe Puerta da Burleigh Drummond . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Huey |first=Steve |title=Ambrosia: Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=ambrosia-p3537/biography|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=March 22, 2011 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> Puerta ya gayyaci North da ya shiga bayan ya gan shi yana wasa a cikin "ɗaki mai haske" wata dare: "Akwai akwatin gawa da lasifika a ciki. Kuma a ƙarshen ɗakin, Chris yana can, yana buga organ da kwalban giya a saman, yana shan sigari, kuma akwai wata yarinya tana tausa kafadunsa yayin da yake wasa, don haka na ce, 'Dole ne mu sanya wannan mutumin a cikin ƙungiyar mawakan'". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-25 |title='70s Rock Band Ambrosia Still Knows How to Groove |url=https://www.westword.com/music/70s-rock-band-ambrosia-still-knows-how-to-groove-17359224/ |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=Westword.com |language=en-US}}</ref> An san shi da rawar da yake takawa kai tsaye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Crawdaddy Magazine Ambrosia Part 2 1978 |url=http://www.crawdaddy.com/index.php/2009/01/28/part-ii-ambrosia-1978/ |access-date=March 31, 2026 |website=Crawdaddy.com}}</ref> North da sauran membobin Ambrosia sun ba da gudummawa ga kundin waƙoƙin ''Tales of Mystery and Imagination'' na The Alan Parsons Project . A shekarar 1977, yayin da ƙungiyar ke rikodin kundin waƙoƙin su na <nowiki><i id="mwOA">Life Beyond LA</i></nowiki>, North ya samu matsala kuma ya bar ƙungiyar, inda ya fito a waƙoƙi biyu kawai a cikin kundin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=DAVID PACK INTERVIEW |url=http://www.theparsonsday.altervista.org/intpackeng.html |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=Theparsonsday.altervista.org}}</ref> Yayin da yake cikin ƙungiyar, sun yi rikodin babban waƙar su mai suna " How Much I Feel ". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ambrosia |url=http://albumlinernotes.com/Ambrosia.html |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=Albumlinernotes.com}}</ref> Ya dawo shekara guda bayan haka a ƙarshen 1978 don yawon shakatawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ambrosia: access all areas! |url=http://www.ambrosiaweb.com/access.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707131842/http://www.ambrosiaweb.com/access.htm |archive-date=2011-07-07 |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=Ambrosiaweb.com}}</ref> Ambrosia ta gyara bayan 'yan shekaru da suka yi hutu a shekarar 1989, kuma North ta ci gaba da rangadin yawon shakatawa da Puerta da Drummond har zuwa shekarar 2024, inda matsakaicin kwanaki 60 a shekara ya kai. === Sauran aiki === North ya buga wakokin organ da piano a cikin wakokin da suka shahara "Galilee" da "Rock 'N' Roll Preacher" daga kundin wakokin farko na Chuck Girard da kuma kundin wakokin Girard na 1980 mai suna ''The Stand'' . North ya buga wakokin organ a cikin wakar yabo ta John Lennon mai suna "Johnny's Gone Away" wadda Tom Trefethen ya rubuta kuma ya shirya tare da Alan Parsons a matsayin babban furodusa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mostly Pink |url=http://www.mostlypink.net/who_parsonsalan.htm |access-date=March 31, 2026 |website=Mostlypink.net}}</ref> A shekarar 2014, North ta rera waƙar " The Soft Parade " daga ''Light My Fire: A Classic Rock Salute to The Doors'', wani kundin waƙoƙin girmamawa ga [[The Doors]], tare da Graham Bonnet a cikin waƙoƙi da Steve Hillage a cikin guitar. == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == An gano cewa North yana da cutar kansar makogwaro a shekarar 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kachejian |first=Brian |date=October 21, 2025 |title=Complete List Of Ambrosia Band Members |url=https://www.classicrockhistory.com/complete-list-of-ambrosia-band-members/ |access-date=October 21, 2025 |website=ClassicRockHistory.com |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Boissoneau |first=Ross |date=July 31, 2025 |title=Ambrosia poised to relive melodic classics in Manistee |url=https://localspins.com/ambrosia-returns-to-manistee-for-outdoor-show-of-classics-local-spins/ |access-date=October 21, 2025 |website=Local Spins |language=en-US}}</ref> Ƙungiyar mawakan ta sanar a shafinta na [[Fezbuk|Facebook]] a watan Oktoban 2025 cewa ya yi nasarar yaƙi da cutar kansa, amma ya koma asibiti daga baya a wannan shekarar bayan da wata mota ta buge shi bisa kuskure, lamarin da ya kai shi ga kamuwa da cutar huhu, wanda ya raunana lafiyarsa. A cewar wani rubutu da David Pack ya yi a Facebook, hatsarin ya faru ne sakamakon wata mota da ta yi sauri ta buge North yayin da yake tafiya zuwa wani gidan cin abinci. Ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Maris, 2026, yana da shekaru 75. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Linder |first=Brian |date=2026-03-31 |title=Iconic rock band’s founding member dead at 75: ‘He was truly one of a kind’ |url=https://www.pennlive.com/entertainment/2026/03/iconic-rock-bands-founding-member-dead-at-75-he-was-truly-one-of-a-kind.html |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=pennlive |language=en}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1951]] i71fh2aub95827wv97gmepywxp09nrx 820008 820007 2026-04-10T05:07:18Z Abusule dankofa 24259 820008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christopher Reed North''' (Janairu 26, 1951 - Maris 30, 2026) mawakin Amurka ne. Shi ne wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar mawakan rock masu tasowa ta Amurka Ambrosia . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Christopher Reed North a San Francisco a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 1951. Ya girma a San Pedro, California, yana wasa a ƙungiyoyi daban-daban har zuwa makarantar sakandare ta farko da sakandare. Wasu daga cikin ƙungiyoyin farko da ya yi wasa da su sune The Proones, The Livin End, da Thee Exceptions. A shekarar 1968 ya kafa ƙungiyar mawakan rock ta psychedelic Blue Toad Flax tare da Tom Trefethen, suna buga organ da rera waƙoƙin jagora. == Sana'a == === Ambrosia === [[Fayil:Cnorthambrosia.jpg|left|thumb|Arewa da Ambrosia]] A shekarar 1970 ya kafa ƙungiyar mawakan rock masu ci gaba Ambrosia tare da David Pack, Joe Puerta da Burleigh Drummond . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Huey |first=Steve |title=Ambrosia: Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=ambrosia-p3537/biography|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=March 22, 2011 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> Puerta ya gayyaci North da ya shiga bayan ya gan shi yana wasa a cikin "ɗaki mai haske" wata dare: "Akwai akwatin gawa da lasifika a ciki. Kuma a ƙarshen ɗakin, Chris yana can, yana buga organ da kwalban giya a saman, yana shan sigari, kuma akwai wata yarinya tana tausa kafadunsa yayin da yake wasa, don haka na ce, 'Dole ne mu sanya wannan mutumin a cikin ƙungiyar mawakan'". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-25 |title='70s Rock Band Ambrosia Still Knows How to Groove |url=https://www.westword.com/music/70s-rock-band-ambrosia-still-knows-how-to-groove-17359224/ |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=Westword.com |language=en-US}}</ref> An san shi da rawar da yake takawa kai tsaye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Crawdaddy Magazine Ambrosia Part 2 1978 |url=http://www.crawdaddy.com/index.php/2009/01/28/part-ii-ambrosia-1978/ |access-date=March 31, 2026 |website=Crawdaddy.com}}</ref> North da sauran membobin Ambrosia sun ba da gudummawa ga kundin waƙoƙin ''Tales of Mystery and Imagination'' na The Alan Parsons Project . A shekarar 1977, yayin da ƙungiyar ke rikodin kundin waƙoƙin su na <nowiki><i id="mwOA">Life Beyond LA</i></nowiki>, North ya samu matsala kuma ya bar ƙungiyar, inda ya fito a waƙoƙi biyu kawai a cikin kundin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=DAVID PACK INTERVIEW |url=http://www.theparsonsday.altervista.org/intpackeng.html |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=Theparsonsday.altervista.org}}</ref> Yayin da yake cikin ƙungiyar, sun yi rikodin babban waƙar su mai suna " How Much I Feel ". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ambrosia |url=http://albumlinernotes.com/Ambrosia.html |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=Albumlinernotes.com}}</ref> Ya dawo shekara guda bayan haka a ƙarshen 1978 don yawon shakatawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ambrosia: access all areas! |url=http://www.ambrosiaweb.com/access.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707131842/http://www.ambrosiaweb.com/access.htm |archive-date=2011-07-07 |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=Ambrosiaweb.com}}</ref> Ambrosia ta gyara bayan 'yan shekaru da suka yi hutu a shekarar 1989, kuma North ta ci gaba da rangadin yawon shakatawa da Puerta da Drummond har zuwa shekarar 2024, inda matsakaicin kwanaki 60 a shekara ya kai. === Sauran aiki === North ya buga wakokin organ da piano a cikin wakokin da suka shahara "Galilee" da "Rock 'N' Roll Preacher" daga kundin wakokin farko na Chuck Girard da kuma kundin wakokin Girard na 1980 mai suna ''The Stand'' . North ya buga wakokin organ a cikin wakar yabo ta John Lennon mai suna "Johnny's Gone Away" wadda Tom Trefethen ya rubuta kuma ya shirya tare da Alan Parsons a matsayin babban furodusa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mostly Pink |url=http://www.mostlypink.net/who_parsonsalan.htm |access-date=March 31, 2026 |website=Mostlypink.net}}</ref> A shekarar 2014, North ta rera waƙar " The Soft Parade " daga ''Light My Fire: A Classic Rock Salute to The Doors'', wani kundin waƙoƙin girmamawa ga [[The Doors]], tare da Graham Bonnet a cikin waƙoƙi da Steve Hillage a cikin guitar. == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == An gano cewa North yana da cutar kansar makogwaro a shekarar 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kachejian |first=Brian |date=October 21, 2025 |title=Complete List Of Ambrosia Band Members |url=https://www.classicrockhistory.com/complete-list-of-ambrosia-band-members/ |access-date=October 21, 2025 |website=ClassicRockHistory.com |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Boissoneau |first=Ross |date=July 31, 2025 |title=Ambrosia poised to relive melodic classics in Manistee |url=https://localspins.com/ambrosia-returns-to-manistee-for-outdoor-show-of-classics-local-spins/ |access-date=October 21, 2025 |website=Local Spins |language=en-US}}</ref> Ƙungiyar mawakan ta sanar a shafinta na [[Fezbuk|Facebook]] a watan Oktoban 2025 cewa ya yi nasarar yaƙi da cutar kansa, amma ya koma asibiti daga baya a wannan shekarar bayan da wata mota ta buge shi bisa kuskure, lamarin da ya kai shi ga kamuwa da cutar huhu, wanda ya raunana lafiyarsa. A cewar wani rubutu da David Pack ya yi a Facebook, hatsarin ya faru ne sakamakon wata mota da ta yi sauri ta buge North yayin da yake tafiya zuwa wani gidan cin abinci. Ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Maris, 2026, yana da shekaru 75. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Linder |first=Brian |date=2026-03-31 |title=Iconic rock band’s founding member dead at 75: ‘He was truly one of a kind’ |url=https://www.pennlive.com/entertainment/2026/03/iconic-rock-bands-founding-member-dead-at-75-he-was-truly-one-of-a-kind.html |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=pennlive |language=en}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1951]] ===manazarta=== cahhq4v5w6njl9ew0m7d3a08x30uanz 0 147891 820009 2026-04-10T07:28:21Z Grizzybear5 43857 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/234963148|Gianni Matheja]]" 820009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox}}'''Gianni Matheja''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Maris [[2005|, 2005]] a [[Berlin]]) [[ɗan jarida]] ne [[Jamus|na Jamus]], mai shirya bidiyo na yanar gizo, kuma ɗalibi . Tun daga shekarar 2025, ya ɗauki nauyin wani shiri na rediyo na wata-wata a Rundfunk Berlin Brandenburg kuma ɗan jarida ne na talabijin na tambarin shirin yara na ZDF. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Matheja ya girma a Berlin a matsayin ɗan uwa ɗaya tilo. Mahaifinsa asalinsa ɗan Italiya ne kuma ya bar iyalinsa tun yana ɗan shekara 10. Yana da shekara 14, ya shaida wa mahaifinsa a kotun [[Postdam|Potsdam]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Freiwald |first=Bent |date=2022-05-03 |title=Warum Gianni, 17, für seine Mutter kämpft |url=https://krautreporter.de/politik-und-macht/4378-warum-gianni-17-fur-seine-mutter-kampft |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=Krautreporter |language=de}}</ref> Daga 2017, ya halarci Lilienthal Gymnasium a Steglitz-Zehlendorf kuma, a shekararsa ta farko ta makaranta, ya halarci Gasar Muhawara ta Berlin, inda ya lashe taken "Mafi Kyawun Mai Magana" a wani muhawara ta harshen Ingilishi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Erfolgreiche Juniors beim Debating Contest 2018 – Lilienthal-Gymnasium Berlin |url=https://lilienthal-gymnasium-berlin.de/erfolgreiche-juniors-beim-debating-contest-2018/ |access-date=2025-05-01 |language=de}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, ya jagoranci tattaunawa da 'yan takarar kai tsaye na mazabar a makarantarsa don zaɓen tarayya . Waɗannan sun haɗa da Birgit Malsack-Winkelmann, ɗan ƙasar Reich wanda daga baya aka kama shi. == Sana'a == Yana da shekaru 17, Matheja ya ƙaddamar da shirinsa na podcast.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |date=25 octobre 2022 |title=Jugendwort des Jahres 2022: 20 junge Prominente über ihr wichtigstes Wort 2022 |url=https://www.zeit.de/zett/2022-10/jugendwort-jahr-2022-jugendsprache |journal=ZEIT ONLINE ze.tt |language=de |access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2022, ya fitar da shirin farko mai suna ''‘Social Germany.’'' A kowane shiri, yana tattauna batutuwan zamantakewa da siyasa. Yawancin shirye-shiryensa suna dogara ne kan muhawarorin da ake yi a halin yanzu, kuma suna haɗa manyan baƙi tare da ƙwararrun masana kimiyya ko ’yan jarida. A wasu lokuta kuma, ana gudanar da tattaunawa tare da wasu matasa. [[Fayil:Gianni-Matheja-Alexandria-Ocasio-Cortez-2026.jpg|thumb|299x299px|Gianni Matheja da [[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]] a Berlin a cikin 2026]] A shekarar 2024, Matheja ya jagoranci karatunsa tare da Katja Riemann kuma ya ci gaba da tsarin shirye-shiryensa na podcast a [[YouTube]], inda ya yi hira da Lea Van Acken da Marcel Fratzscher, da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trinkaus |first=Antonia |date=2024-12-03 |title=„Zeit der Zäune - Orte der Flucht“: Katja Riemann: „Wir lernen nichts aus der Geschichte“ |url=https://www.saarbruecker-zeitung.de/saarland/saar-pfalz-kreis/homburg/homburg-katja-riemann-mit-zeit-der-zaeune-bei-der-hombuch-2024_aid-121616379 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=Saarbrücker Zeitung |language=de}}</ref> A watan Oktoba, wanda ya yi daidai da farkon karatunsa, ya fara loda bidiyo zuwa [[TikTok]] da [[Instagram]] a ƙarƙashin sunan ''gianni.studiert'', wanda ke nuna rayuwar yau da kullun ta ɗaliban jami'a cikin barkwanci. Cikin 'yan watanni kacal, ya tara jimillar mabiya 200,000 a faɗin dandamali (tun daga watan Afrilun 2025) kuma ya yi fitowa ta talabijin a mujallar barkwanci ta ARD Extra 3.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONLINE |first=ZEIT |date=2025-04-12 |title=Uni-Memes: Der Trost von Mensakaffee und Milchreis |url=https://www.zeit.de/campus/2025-03/uni-memes-studium-humor-social-media |journal=Die Zeit |language=de-DE |issn=0044-2070 |access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> Bidiyonsa kan amfani da [[ChatGPT]] don karatu, musamman, sun jawo hankali sosai. A watan Mayun 2025, ya gabatar da jawabin bude taron a lokacin da ake gabatar da bayanai a jami'arsa, jawabin da a shekarun baya Shugaba Günther Ziegler ya saba bayarwa. Daga baya jawabinsa ya bazu a shafukan sada zumunta. Tun daga watan Yunin 2025, Matheja ya dauki nauyin shirin rediyo na wata-wata mai suna ''Blue Moon'' a <nowiki><i id="mwSA">rbb</i></nowiki>.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Podcast: Geburtstage: Feiern oder lieber ignorieren? - mit Gianni |url=https://www.ardsounds.de/episode/urn:ard:episode:91bd3b263f90d0ff/ |access-date=2026-04-08 |website=ARD Sounds |language=de}}</ref> A watan Disamba, ya bayyana a matsayin mai rahoto a ''tambarin shirin talabijin na yara!'' a ''ZDF'' .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reporter unterwegs: Gianni fällt einen Weihnachtsbaum |url=https://www.zdf.de/video/magazine/logo-154/gianni-weihnachtsbaumkauf-100 |access-date=2026-04-08 |website=ZDF |language=de}}</ref> Matheja bai bayyana abin da yake karantawa ba. Ya bayyana cewa hakan ya faru ne saboda dalilan ɓoye sunansa a harabar jami'a.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cara |date=2025-07-14 |title=Interview Gianni Studiert |url=https://campusradio-mainz.de/2025/07/14/gianni-studiert/ |access-date=2026-04-08 |website=Campusradio Mainz |language=de}}</ref> Yana zaune a [[Berlin]], [[Postdam|Potsdam]], da [[Mainz]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Köhler |first=Charlotte |last2=Farkas |first2=Christoph |date=2026-02-10 |title=Unileben: Ist die Uni ein Witz, Gianni Matheja? |url=https://www.zeit.de/wissen/2026-02/universitaet-leben-alltag-uni-podcast |journal=Die Zeit |language=de-DE |issn=0044-2070 |access-date=2026-04-08}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, ''Die Zeit'' ya nuna shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin taurari 20 masu tasowa a zamaninsa.<ref name=":0" /> == Nassoshi == <references /> l1plvqmkl5nj5kdhu4isnv861tf7qzf 820010 820009 2026-04-10T07:29:44Z Grizzybear5 43857 820010 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Gianni-Matheja-Frankfurt-7-2026.jpg|thumb|Gianni Matheja a [[Frankfurt]] a shekarar 2026]] '''Gianni Matheja''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Maris [[2005|, 2005]] a [[Berlin]]) [[ɗan jarida]] ne [[Jamus|na Jamus]], mai shirya bidiyo na yanar gizo, kuma ɗalibi . Tun daga shekarar 2025, ya ɗauki nauyin wani shiri na rediyo na wata-wata a Rundfunk Berlin Brandenburg kuma ɗan jarida ne na talabijin na tambarin shirin yara na ZDF. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Matheja ya girma a Berlin a matsayin ɗan uwa ɗaya tilo. Mahaifinsa asalinsa ɗan Italiya ne kuma ya bar iyalinsa tun yana ɗan shekara 10. Yana da shekara 14, ya shaida wa mahaifinsa a kotun [[Postdam|Potsdam]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Freiwald |first=Bent |date=2022-05-03 |title=Warum Gianni, 17, für seine Mutter kämpft |url=https://krautreporter.de/politik-und-macht/4378-warum-gianni-17-fur-seine-mutter-kampft |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=Krautreporter |language=de}}</ref> Daga 2017, ya halarci Lilienthal Gymnasium a Steglitz-Zehlendorf kuma, a shekararsa ta farko ta makaranta, ya halarci Gasar Muhawara ta Berlin, inda ya lashe taken "Mafi Kyawun Mai Magana" a wani muhawara ta harshen Ingilishi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Erfolgreiche Juniors beim Debating Contest 2018 – Lilienthal-Gymnasium Berlin |url=https://lilienthal-gymnasium-berlin.de/erfolgreiche-juniors-beim-debating-contest-2018/ |access-date=2025-05-01 |language=de}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, ya jagoranci tattaunawa da 'yan takarar kai tsaye na mazabar a makarantarsa don zaɓen tarayya . Waɗannan sun haɗa da Birgit Malsack-Winkelmann, ɗan ƙasar Reich wanda daga baya aka kama shi. == Sana'a == Yana da shekaru 17, Matheja ya ƙaddamar da shirinsa na podcast.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |date=25 octobre 2022 |title=Jugendwort des Jahres 2022: 20 junge Prominente über ihr wichtigstes Wort 2022 |url=https://www.zeit.de/zett/2022-10/jugendwort-jahr-2022-jugendsprache |journal=ZEIT ONLINE ze.tt |language=de |access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2022, ya fitar da shirin farko mai suna ''‘Social Germany.’'' A kowane shiri, yana tattauna batutuwan zamantakewa da siyasa. Yawancin shirye-shiryensa suna dogara ne kan muhawarorin da ake yi a halin yanzu, kuma suna haɗa manyan baƙi tare da ƙwararrun masana kimiyya ko ’yan jarida. A wasu lokuta kuma, ana gudanar da tattaunawa tare da wasu matasa. [[Fayil:Gianni-Matheja-Alexandria-Ocasio-Cortez-2026.jpg|thumb|299x299px|Gianni Matheja da [[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]] a Berlin a cikin 2026]] A shekarar 2024, Matheja ya jagoranci karatunsa tare da Katja Riemann kuma ya ci gaba da tsarin shirye-shiryensa na podcast a [[YouTube]], inda ya yi hira da Lea Van Acken da Marcel Fratzscher, da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trinkaus |first=Antonia |date=2024-12-03 |title=„Zeit der Zäune - Orte der Flucht“: Katja Riemann: „Wir lernen nichts aus der Geschichte“ |url=https://www.saarbruecker-zeitung.de/saarland/saar-pfalz-kreis/homburg/homburg-katja-riemann-mit-zeit-der-zaeune-bei-der-hombuch-2024_aid-121616379 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=Saarbrücker Zeitung |language=de}}</ref> A watan Oktoba, wanda ya yi daidai da farkon karatunsa, ya fara loda bidiyo zuwa [[TikTok]] da [[Instagram]] a ƙarƙashin sunan ''gianni.studiert'', wanda ke nuna rayuwar yau da kullun ta ɗaliban jami'a cikin barkwanci. Cikin 'yan watanni kacal, ya tara jimillar mabiya 200,000 a faɗin dandamali (tun daga watan Afrilun 2025) kuma ya yi fitowa ta talabijin a mujallar barkwanci ta ARD Extra 3.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONLINE |first=ZEIT |date=2025-04-12 |title=Uni-Memes: Der Trost von Mensakaffee und Milchreis |url=https://www.zeit.de/campus/2025-03/uni-memes-studium-humor-social-media |journal=Die Zeit |language=de-DE |issn=0044-2070 |access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> Bidiyonsa kan amfani da [[ChatGPT]] don karatu, musamman, sun jawo hankali sosai. A watan Mayun 2025, ya gabatar da jawabin bude taron a lokacin da ake gabatar da bayanai a jami'arsa, jawabin da a shekarun baya Shugaba Günther Ziegler ya saba bayarwa. Daga baya jawabinsa ya bazu a shafukan sada zumunta. Tun daga watan Yunin 2025, Matheja ya dauki nauyin shirin rediyo na wata-wata mai suna ''Blue Moon'' a <nowiki><i id="mwSA">rbb</i></nowiki>.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Podcast: Geburtstage: Feiern oder lieber ignorieren? - mit Gianni |url=https://www.ardsounds.de/episode/urn:ard:episode:91bd3b263f90d0ff/ |access-date=2026-04-08 |website=ARD Sounds |language=de}}</ref> A watan Disamba, ya bayyana a matsayin mai rahoto a ''tambarin shirin talabijin na yara!'' a ''ZDF'' .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reporter unterwegs: Gianni fällt einen Weihnachtsbaum |url=https://www.zdf.de/video/magazine/logo-154/gianni-weihnachtsbaumkauf-100 |access-date=2026-04-08 |website=ZDF |language=de}}</ref> Matheja bai bayyana abin da yake karantawa ba. Ya bayyana cewa hakan ya faru ne saboda dalilan ɓoye sunansa a harabar jami'a.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cara |date=2025-07-14 |title=Interview Gianni Studiert |url=https://campusradio-mainz.de/2025/07/14/gianni-studiert/ |access-date=2026-04-08 |website=Campusradio Mainz |language=de}}</ref> Yana zaune a [[Berlin]], [[Postdam|Potsdam]], da [[Mainz]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Köhler |first=Charlotte |last2=Farkas |first2=Christoph |date=2026-02-10 |title=Unileben: Ist die Uni ein Witz, Gianni Matheja? |url=https://www.zeit.de/wissen/2026-02/universitaet-leben-alltag-uni-podcast |journal=Die Zeit |language=de-DE |issn=0044-2070 |access-date=2026-04-08}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, ''Die Zeit'' ya nuna shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin taurari 20 masu tasowa a zamaninsa.<ref name=":0" /> == Nassoshi == <references /> nyjpwhuhbhit4tw0qb1j7a7rv6y50a4 820012 820010 2026-04-10T08:00:35Z Musa Vacho77 9881 Gyara 820012 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Gianni-Matheja-Frankfurt-7-2026.jpg|thumb|Gianni Matheja a [[Frankfurt]] a shekarar 2026]] '''Gianni Matheja''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Maris [[2005|, 2005]] a [[Berlin]]) [[ɗan jarida]] ne [[Jamus|na Jamus]], mai shirya bidiyo na yanar gizo, kuma ɗalibi. Tun daga shekarar 2025, ya ɗauki nauyin wani shiri na rediyo na wata-wata a Rundfunk Berlin Brandenburg kuma ɗan jarida ne na talabijin na tambarin shirin yara na ZDF. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Matheja ya girma a Berlin a matsayin ɗan uwa ɗaya tilo. Mahaifinsa asalinsa ɗan Italiya ne kuma ya bar iyalinsa tun yana ɗan shekara 10. Yana da shekara 14, ya shaida wa mahaifinsa a kotun [[Postdam|Potsdam]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Freiwald |first=Bent |date=2022-05-03 |title=Warum Gianni, 17, für seine Mutter kämpft |url=https://krautreporter.de/politik-und-macht/4378-warum-gianni-17-fur-seine-mutter-kampft |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=Krautreporter |language=de}}</ref> Daga 2017, ya halarci Lilienthal Gymnasium a Steglitz-Zehlendorf kuma, a shekararsa ta farko ta makaranta, ya halarci Gasar Muhawara ta Berlin, inda ya lashe taken "Mafi Kyawun Mai Magana" a wani muhawara ta harshen Ingilishi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Erfolgreiche Juniors beim Debating Contest 2018 – Lilienthal-Gymnasium Berlin |url=https://lilienthal-gymnasium-berlin.de/erfolgreiche-juniors-beim-debating-contest-2018/ |access-date=2025-05-01 |language=de}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, ya jagoranci tattaunawa da 'yan takarar kai tsaye na mazabar a makarantarsa don zaɓen tarayya . Waɗannan sun haɗa da Birgit Malsack-Winkelmann, ɗan ƙasar Reich wanda daga baya aka kama shi. == Sana'a == Yana da shekaru 17, Matheja ya ƙaddamar da shirinsa na podcast.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |date=25 octobre 2022 |title=Jugendwort des Jahres 2022: 20 junge Prominente über ihr wichtigstes Wort 2022 |url=https://www.zeit.de/zett/2022-10/jugendwort-jahr-2022-jugendsprache |journal=ZEIT ONLINE ze.tt |language=de |access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2022, ya fitar da shirin farko mai suna ''‘Social Germany.’'' A kowane shiri, yana tattauna batutuwan zamantakewa da siyasa. Yawancin shirye-shiryensa suna dogara ne kan muhawarorin da ake yi a halin yanzu, kuma suna haɗa manyan baƙi tare da ƙwararrun masana kimiyya ko ’yan jarida. A wasu lokuta kuma, ana gudanar da tattaunawa tare da wasu matasa. [[Fayil:Gianni-Matheja-Alexandria-Ocasio-Cortez-2026.jpg|thumb|299x299px|Gianni Matheja da [[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]] a Berlin a cikin 2026]] A shekarar 2024, Matheja ya jagoranci karatunsa tare da Katja Riemann kuma ya ci gaba da tsarin shirye-shiryensa na podcast a [[YouTube]], inda ya yi hira da Lea Van Acken da Marcel Fratzscher, da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trinkaus |first=Antonia |date=2024-12-03 |title=„Zeit der Zäune - Orte der Flucht“: Katja Riemann: „Wir lernen nichts aus der Geschichte“ |url=https://www.saarbruecker-zeitung.de/saarland/saar-pfalz-kreis/homburg/homburg-katja-riemann-mit-zeit-der-zaeune-bei-der-hombuch-2024_aid-121616379 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=Saarbrücker Zeitung |language=de}}</ref> A watan Oktoba, wanda ya yi daidai da farkon karatunsa, ya fara loda bidiyo zuwa [[TikTok]] da [[Instagram]] a ƙarƙashin sunan ''gianni.studiert'', wanda ke nuna rayuwar yau da kullun ta ɗaliban jami'a cikin barkwanci. Cikin 'yan watanni kacal, ya tara jimillar mabiya 200,000 a faɗin dandamali (tun daga watan Afrilun 2025) kuma ya yi fitowa ta talabijin a mujallar barkwanci ta ARD Extra 3.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONLINE |first=ZEIT |date=2025-04-12 |title=Uni-Memes: Der Trost von Mensakaffee und Milchreis |url=https://www.zeit.de/campus/2025-03/uni-memes-studium-humor-social-media |journal=Die Zeit |language=de-DE |issn=0044-2070 |access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> Bidiyonsa kan amfani da [[ChatGPT]] don karatu, musamman, sun jawo hankali sosai. A watan Mayun 2025, ya gabatar da jawabin bude taron a lokacin da ake gabatar da bayanai a jami'arsa, jawabin da a shekarun baya Shugaba Günther Ziegler ya saba bayarwa. Daga baya jawabinsa ya bazu a shafukan sada zumunta. Tun daga watan Yunin 2025, Matheja ya dauki nauyin shirin rediyo na wata-wata mai suna ''Blue Moon'' a <nowiki><i id="mwSA">rbb</i></nowiki>.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Podcast: Geburtstage: Feiern oder lieber ignorieren? - mit Gianni |url=https://www.ardsounds.de/episode/urn:ard:episode:91bd3b263f90d0ff/ |access-date=2026-04-08 |website=ARD Sounds |language=de}}</ref> A watan Disamba, ya bayyana a matsayin mai rahoto a ''tambarin shirin talabijin na yara!'' a ''ZDF'' .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reporter unterwegs: Gianni fällt einen Weihnachtsbaum |url=https://www.zdf.de/video/magazine/logo-154/gianni-weihnachtsbaumkauf-100 |access-date=2026-04-08 |website=ZDF |language=de}}</ref> Matheja bai bayyana abin da yake karantawa ba. Ya bayyana cewa hakan ya faru ne saboda dalilan ɓoye sunansa a harabar jami'a.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cara |date=2025-07-14 |title=Interview Gianni Studiert |url=https://campusradio-mainz.de/2025/07/14/gianni-studiert/ |access-date=2026-04-08 |website=Campusradio Mainz |language=de}}</ref> Yana zaune a [[Berlin]], [[Postdam|Potsdam]], da [[Mainz]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Köhler |first=Charlotte |last2=Farkas |first2=Christoph |date=2026-02-10 |title=Unileben: Ist die Uni ein Witz, Gianni Matheja? |url=https://www.zeit.de/wissen/2026-02/universitaet-leben-alltag-uni-podcast |journal=Die Zeit |language=de-DE |issn=0044-2070 |access-date=2026-04-08}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, ''Die Zeit'' ya nuna shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin taurari 20 masu tasowa a zamaninsa.<ref name=":0" /> == Nassoshi == <references /> b0oanqbgyj3l2b7rg4vuhar72hi3nut 820013 820012 2026-04-10T08:03:33Z Musa Vacho77 9881 /* Nassoshi */ 820013 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Gianni-Matheja-Frankfurt-7-2026.jpg|thumb|Gianni Matheja a [[Frankfurt]] a shekarar 2026]] '''Gianni Matheja''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Maris [[2005|, 2005]] a [[Berlin]]) [[ɗan jarida]] ne [[Jamus|na Jamus]], mai shirya bidiyo na yanar gizo, kuma ɗalibi. Tun daga shekarar 2025, ya ɗauki nauyin wani shiri na rediyo na wata-wata a Rundfunk Berlin Brandenburg kuma ɗan jarida ne na talabijin na tambarin shirin yara na ZDF. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Matheja ya girma a Berlin a matsayin ɗan uwa ɗaya tilo. Mahaifinsa asalinsa ɗan Italiya ne kuma ya bar iyalinsa tun yana ɗan shekara 10. Yana da shekara 14, ya shaida wa mahaifinsa a kotun [[Postdam|Potsdam]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Freiwald |first=Bent |date=2022-05-03 |title=Warum Gianni, 17, für seine Mutter kämpft |url=https://krautreporter.de/politik-und-macht/4378-warum-gianni-17-fur-seine-mutter-kampft |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=Krautreporter |language=de}}</ref> Daga 2017, ya halarci Lilienthal Gymnasium a Steglitz-Zehlendorf kuma, a shekararsa ta farko ta makaranta, ya halarci Gasar Muhawara ta Berlin, inda ya lashe taken "Mafi Kyawun Mai Magana" a wani muhawara ta harshen Ingilishi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Erfolgreiche Juniors beim Debating Contest 2018 – Lilienthal-Gymnasium Berlin |url=https://lilienthal-gymnasium-berlin.de/erfolgreiche-juniors-beim-debating-contest-2018/ |access-date=2025-05-01 |language=de}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, ya jagoranci tattaunawa da 'yan takarar kai tsaye na mazabar a makarantarsa don zaɓen tarayya . Waɗannan sun haɗa da Birgit Malsack-Winkelmann, ɗan ƙasar Reich wanda daga baya aka kama shi. == Sana'a == Yana da shekaru 17, Matheja ya ƙaddamar da shirinsa na podcast.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |date=25 octobre 2022 |title=Jugendwort des Jahres 2022: 20 junge Prominente über ihr wichtigstes Wort 2022 |url=https://www.zeit.de/zett/2022-10/jugendwort-jahr-2022-jugendsprache |journal=ZEIT ONLINE ze.tt |language=de |access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2022, ya fitar da shirin farko mai suna ''‘Social Germany.’'' A kowane shiri, yana tattauna batutuwan zamantakewa da siyasa. Yawancin shirye-shiryensa suna dogara ne kan muhawarorin da ake yi a halin yanzu, kuma suna haɗa manyan baƙi tare da ƙwararrun masana kimiyya ko ’yan jarida. A wasu lokuta kuma, ana gudanar da tattaunawa tare da wasu matasa. [[Fayil:Gianni-Matheja-Alexandria-Ocasio-Cortez-2026.jpg|thumb|299x299px|Gianni Matheja da [[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]] a Berlin a cikin 2026]] A shekarar 2024, Matheja ya jagoranci karatunsa tare da Katja Riemann kuma ya ci gaba da tsarin shirye-shiryensa na podcast a [[YouTube]], inda ya yi hira da Lea Van Acken da Marcel Fratzscher, da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trinkaus |first=Antonia |date=2024-12-03 |title=„Zeit der Zäune - Orte der Flucht“: Katja Riemann: „Wir lernen nichts aus der Geschichte“ |url=https://www.saarbruecker-zeitung.de/saarland/saar-pfalz-kreis/homburg/homburg-katja-riemann-mit-zeit-der-zaeune-bei-der-hombuch-2024_aid-121616379 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=Saarbrücker Zeitung |language=de}}</ref> A watan Oktoba, wanda ya yi daidai da farkon karatunsa, ya fara loda bidiyo zuwa [[TikTok]] da [[Instagram]] a ƙarƙashin sunan ''gianni.studiert'', wanda ke nuna rayuwar yau da kullun ta ɗaliban jami'a cikin barkwanci. Cikin 'yan watanni kacal, ya tara jimillar mabiya 200,000 a faɗin dandamali (tun daga watan Afrilun 2025) kuma ya yi fitowa ta talabijin a mujallar barkwanci ta ARD Extra 3.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONLINE |first=ZEIT |date=2025-04-12 |title=Uni-Memes: Der Trost von Mensakaffee und Milchreis |url=https://www.zeit.de/campus/2025-03/uni-memes-studium-humor-social-media |journal=Die Zeit |language=de-DE |issn=0044-2070 |access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> Bidiyonsa kan amfani da [[ChatGPT]] don karatu, musamman, sun jawo hankali sosai. A watan Mayun 2025, ya gabatar da jawabin bude taron a lokacin da ake gabatar da bayanai a jami'arsa, jawabin da a shekarun baya Shugaba Günther Ziegler ya saba bayarwa. Daga baya jawabinsa ya bazu a shafukan sada zumunta. Tun daga watan Yunin 2025, Matheja ya dauki nauyin shirin rediyo na wata-wata mai suna ''Blue Moon'' a <nowiki><i id="mwSA">rbb</i></nowiki>.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Podcast: Geburtstage: Feiern oder lieber ignorieren? - mit Gianni |url=https://www.ardsounds.de/episode/urn:ard:episode:91bd3b263f90d0ff/ |access-date=2026-04-08 |website=ARD Sounds |language=de}}</ref> A watan Disamba, ya bayyana a matsayin mai rahoto a ''tambarin shirin talabijin na yara!'' a ''ZDF'' .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reporter unterwegs: Gianni fällt einen Weihnachtsbaum |url=https://www.zdf.de/video/magazine/logo-154/gianni-weihnachtsbaumkauf-100 |access-date=2026-04-08 |website=ZDF |language=de}}</ref> Matheja bai bayyana abin da yake karantawa ba. Ya bayyana cewa hakan ya faru ne saboda dalilan ɓoye sunansa a harabar jami'a.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cara |date=2025-07-14 |title=Interview Gianni Studiert |url=https://campusradio-mainz.de/2025/07/14/gianni-studiert/ |access-date=2026-04-08 |website=Campusradio Mainz |language=de}}</ref> Yana zaune a [[Berlin]], [[Postdam|Potsdam]], da [[Mainz]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Köhler |first=Charlotte |last2=Farkas |first2=Christoph |date=2026-02-10 |title=Unileben: Ist die Uni ein Witz, Gianni Matheja? |url=https://www.zeit.de/wissen/2026-02/universitaet-leben-alltag-uni-podcast |journal=Die Zeit |language=de-DE |issn=0044-2070 |access-date=2026-04-08}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, ''Die Zeit'' ya nuna shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin taurari 20 masu tasowa a zamaninsa.<ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == <references /> 01omc5lmi8eeiqa7xe0vij58i1jnvrs