Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.23 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2341 821049 811861 2026-04-14T06:09:20Z Nura Bello 24854 /* Siyasa */ 821049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:茶地镇 - Chadi Town - 2016.09 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Cikin birnin cadi]] [[File:Mahamat Idriss Déby in 2022.jpg|thumb|'''Mahamat Déby shugaban kasar mai ci''']] [[File:Chad (orthographic projection).svg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Chad (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|manuniyar cadi]] [[Fayil:GMIP at Sudan-Chad border.png|thumb|bodar cadi]] [[Fayil:Chadi nachabe picture.jpg|thumb]] Ƙasar '''Chadi,''' tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen da suke [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirika]] ta tsakiya.<ref>Religions in Chad | PEW-GRF". Archived from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2022.</ref><ref>"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Chad)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023</ref><ref>Pollack, Kenneth M. (2002); Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948–1991. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. <nowiki>ISBN 0-8032-3733-2</nowiki>, pp. 391–397</ref> Tanada iyaka da ƙasashe shida sune:- daga nahiyar gabas [[Sudan]],<ref>Ngarbe, Eluard (4 February 2025). "Le MPS lance sa campagne pour le Sénat". Manara Radio Télévision (in French).</ref><ref>Chad". The World Factbook (2025 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 22 June 2023. (Archived 2023 edition.)</ref><ref>Glottolog 4.8 – Languages of Chad". glottolog.org. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.</ref><ref>S. Collelo, Chad</ref> nahiyar arewa [[Libya]] daga nahiyar yamma [[Nijar]] da [[Kamaru]] da [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]], nahiyar kudu jamhuriyar [[Afirka ta tsakiya]].<ref>"Gini Index coefficient". The World Factbook. Retrieved 24 September 2024</ref><ref>Enquête Démographique et de Santé 1996–1997" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.</ref><ref>Chad's authoritarian Deby unwilling to quit". Deutsche Welle. 8 April 2016. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020</ref> Ƙasar Chadi ƙasa ce da bata da wani [[kogi]] ko teku,<ref>"Human Development Reports 2023/24"</ref><ref>Decalo, pp. 44–45</ref> amma tanada wani ɗan tabki sunansa tabkin Chadi yana [[Arewa maso yammacin|arewa]] maso yammacin [[Ndjamena]] baban birnin ƙasar.<ref>"Le TCHAD en bref" (in French). INSEED. 22 July 2013. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 18 December 2015</ref><ref>Haynes, Suyin (28 March 2019). "This African Country Has Had a Yearlong Ban on Social Media. Here's What's Behind the Blackout". Time. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.</ref><ref>Haynes, Suyin (28 March 2019). "This African Country Has Had a Yearlong Ban on Social Media. Here's What's Behind the Blackout". Time. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.</ref><ref>Ramadane, Madjiasra Nako, Mahamat (21 April 2021). "Chad in turmoil after Deby death as rebels, opposition challenge military". Reuters. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.</ref> [[Fayil:Map of Chad (1980s).png|thumb|taswirar cadi]] [[Fayil:ECDM 20221021 FL Chad.pdf|thumb|cadi]] [[Fayil:Chad w2 locator.svg|thumb|manuniyar cadi]] [[Fayil:Les chameaux et les chevaux mobilisés pour le campagne 10.jpg|thumb|rakumma a cadi]] [[Fayil:Maison de nomade.jpg|thumb|kauyen cadi]] [[Fayil:102nd Chad Ministerial Review (4291069880).jpg|thumb|sojoji a cadi]] [[Fayil:Flag of Chad.svg|thumb|Tutar cadi]] == Tarihi == daga Yusif sahabi == Mulki == === Siyasa === Kasar [[Larabcin Chadi|Chadi]] tasamu yancin gashin kanta daga hannun kasar [[faransa]] tun daga ranar 11 ga watan Agusta a shekarar 1960,<ref>D. Lange 1988</ref><ref>Decalo, p. 6</ref><ref>Decalo, p. 53</ref> a wannan lokacin [[Ngarta Tombalbaye]] dan kudanci chadi wanda ba musulmi bane ya karbi ikon kasa daga hannun [[Faransa]].<ref>Decalo, pp. 7–8</ref><ref>Decalo, pp. 8, 309</ref> Bayan shekara 5 da karbar mulki sai aka fara yaki tsakaninsa da musulmai ýan arewacin kasar,<ref>Welcome to Encyclopædia Britannica's Guide to Black History". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 29 August 2010.</ref><ref>Decalo, pp. 8–9</ref> acikin babban birni [[Ndjamena]],<ref>Debos, Marielle (2009). "Chad 1900-1960" (PDF). Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence. p. 8-9. Retrieved 25 February 2025.</ref> haka aka cigaba da yakin har shekara ta 1979 musulmai suka yi nasara akan ýan kudancin kasar wadan da, mafi yawansu ba musulmai bane.<ref>Lanne, Bernard. Histoire politique du Tchad de 1945 à 1958. Administration, partis, élections. Paris: Karthala. p. 197-218. <nowiki>ISBN 9782865378838</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Decalo, pp. 248–249</ref> A waccan lokaci [[Hissène Habré]] yazama shugaban Kasar.<ref>Lemarchand, René (1980). "The Politics of Sara Ethnicity : A Note on the Origins of the Civil War in Chad". Cahiers d'études africaines. 20 (80): 455–456</ref><ref>Nolutshungu, p. 17</ref><ref>"Death of a Dictator", Time, (28 April 1975). Accessed on 3 September 2007.</ref><ref>Decalo, pp. 12–16</ref> [[Fayil:ECDM 20221021 FL Chad.pdf|thumb|Taswirar cadi]] [[Fayil:102nd Chad Ministerial Review (4291102482).jpg|thumb|sojoji a cadi]] [[Fayil:ECDM 20161108 LakeChad BokoHaramCrisis.pdf|thumb|Chad Chrisis]] [[Fayil:ECDM 20221021 FL Chad.pdf|thumb|chadi]] [[Fayil:Chad on stage in 2007.JPG|thumb|mumbarin cadi]] == Arziki == tanada arziki mai yawa == Wasanni == == Fannin tsaro == == Kimiyya da Fasaha == == Sifiri == === Sifirin Jirgin Sama === === Sifirin Jirgin Ƙasa === == Al'adu == === Mutane === === Yaruka === === Abinci === === Tufafi === == Ilimi == == Addinai == === Musulunci === === Kiristanci === ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Coat_of_arms_of_Chad.svg|Coat of Arms File:Flag_of_Chad.svg|Tutar kasar File:Enfant_eleveur.jpg|Wani bisa Raƙumi, Chadi File:Lac_d%27ounianga.jpg|Bakin Teku, Cadi File:A_village_in_Chad_Republic.jpg|Wasu yan kauye na Kasar Cadi File:Les_chameaux_et_les_chevaux_mobilis%C3%A9s_pour_le_campagne_3.jpg|Rakumai da dawakai sun yi gangamin yakin neman zabe a kasar File:Southern_Sahara_(24154028139).jpg|Cadi File:Toubou-nomad-ennedi-chad.jpg|Wani bafullatani, Chadi File:Ministre_de_l%27aviation_civile,du_transport_et_de_la_m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologie_Fatime_Goukouni_Weddeye.jpg|Ministar Sufuri da Jiragen Sama Fatime Goukouni Weddeye File:The_President_of_Chad,_Mr._Idriss_Deby_being_received_by_the_Minister_of_State_for_Human_Resource_Development,_in_New_Delhi.jpg|Shugaban Kasar Idris Deby </gallery> {{Afirka}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Afirka]] j99efhj7ijsz6qgjiase6n5y6mwckik 0 6194 820911 715507 2026-04-13T19:01:38Z Abubakar Zaharadeen 43930 (25,973 km²) 820911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Sokoto''' jiha ce daga cikin jihohi 36 da ke tarayyar [[Najeriya]], kuma ɗaya daga cikin Jihohi 7 na Arewa maso yammacin ƙasar ta Najeriya. Tana da yawan fili kimanin kilomita murabba’i 25,973 (25,973 km²). da yawan jama’a 4,392,300 (kimanin yawan jama'an a shekarar 1991). Babban birnin Jihar shi ne [[Sokoto (birni)|Sakkwato]]. Sarkin Musulmi na Najeriya ya fito ne daga jihar Sultan [[Sa'adu Abubakar III]] Jihar Sokoto tana da iyaka da jihohi 2 [[Kebbi]] da [[Zamfara]] da kuma Kasar Nijar. [[File:Front of Sokoto Sultan Palce.jpg|thumb|masarautar sarkin musulmi sokoto]] [[File:HUBBAREN SHEHU MUJADDADI DAN FODIYO SOKOTO NIGERIA - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Hubbaren shehu mujaddadi]] [[File:Secretary Meets With Religious Leaders in Sokoto, Nigeria (29176258455).jpg|thumb|Sultan Sa'ad Abubakar da gwamnan sokoto Aminu Waziri Tambuwal]] [[File:Sokoto Ram market.jpg|thumb|Kasuwar raguna ta sokoto]] [[File:AFR V3 D367 Sokoto - View Taken in the Interior.jpg|thumb|Wani ƙauye a jihar Sakkwato ]] [[File:Sultan's palace (Sokoto).JPG|thumb|sultan place]] [[File:Sokoto Road UTC Kaduna State 11.jpg|thumb|Birnin Sakkwato]] == Ƙananan Hukumomi == [[Fayil:Flag of Sokoto State.png|thumb|Sokoto flag]] Jihar Sokoto na da adadin [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Ƙananan Hukumomi]] guda ashirin da uku (23). Sune: *[[Binji]] *[[Bodinga]] *[[Dange Shuni]] *[[Gada, Nijeriya|Gada]] *[[Goronyo]] *[[Gudu]] *[[Gwadabawa]] *[[Illela, Nijeriya|Illela]] *[[Isa, Nijeriya|Isa]] *[[Kebbe]] *[[Kware]] *[[Rabah]] *[[Sabon Birni]] *[[Shagari, Nijeriya|Shagari]] *[[Silame]] *[[Sokoto ta Arewa]] *[[Sokoto ta Kudu]] *[[Tambuwal]] *[[Tangaza]] *[[Tureta]] *[[Wamako]] *[[Wurno]] *[[Yabo, Nijeriya|Yabo]] {{Jihohin Najeriya}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sokoto, Jihar}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 8h3dtvshnuu6sa08w0tp4sbl8u88err 0 6211 821015 740950 2026-04-14T02:15:19Z El-hussain14 16017 821015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Aliko Dangote.jpg|thumb|hoton aliko dangoto]] [[File:Zulfi Azad with Aliko Dangote.jpg|thumb|zulfi Azad with Aliko dangote]] [[File:Aliko Dangote Petroleum Company 02.jpg|thumb|Aliko dangote petroleum company ]] [[Fayil:Sultan of Sokoto, Shehu of Borno, Emir of Kano with Aliko Dangote, Bill Gates, and U.S. Ambassador James Entwistle.jpg|thumb|Sultan of Sokoto, Shehu of Borno, Emir of Kano with Aliko Dangote, Bill Gates, and U.S. Ambassador James Entwistle.]] [[Fayil:Aliko Dangote College of Nursing Sciences Bauchi.jpg|thumb|'''Aliko Dangote College of Nursing Sciences Bauchi''']] [[Fayil:Headquarters of Dangote Cement Cameroon.jpg|thumb|'''Headquarters of Dangote Cement Cameroon''']] '''Aliko Dangote'''{{Audio|Ha-Aliko Dangote.ogg|Aliko Dangote}}, Shahararren [[Ɗan kasuwa|dan kasuwa]] ne kuma [[attajiri]]. An haife shi a ranar goma 10 ga watan Afrilu, a shekara ta alif dari tara da hamsin da bakwai 1957) , miladiyya. Shahararren dan [[kasuwa]] ne a ƙasa [[Najeriya]] dama [[Afirka]] baki ɗaya. Dangote shine shugaban gudanarwa (CEO)kuma wanda ya ƙirkiri shaharanren kamfanin [[Dangote Group]], mafi girman masana'antu na sarrafa kaya daban daban a faɗin [[Afirka ta Yamma]]. Dangane da jadawalin attajiran [[duniya]], dukiyar Ɗangote sun kai kimanin Dalar [[Amurka]] bilyan US$18.6 izuwa ranar 12 ga watan Oktoban 2022, wanda hakan ya sa ya zamo [[Jerin Mutanen Afurka dangane da arziƙinsu|wanda yafi kowa kudi a duk faɗin Afurka]], kuma wanda yafi kowa kuɗi cikin baƙaƙen fata, kuma shine na 65 acikin jerin attajiran [[duniya]].<ref name=":2">"Aliko Dangote". '''((Forbes))'''.</ref><ref name=":3">"Dangote visits revamped Moshood Abiola Stadium -". ''thenationonlineng.net''. Retrieved 26 February2022.</ref><ref>"Bloomberg Billionaires Index". ''Bloomberg.com''. Retrieved 10 June 2022.</ref> == Tarihi == An haifi Aliko Dangote a [[Kano]] ta [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]] daga zuri'ar attajirai [[Hausawa]] kuma [[Musulmi|musulmai]].<ref>Ilan Bijaoui (2017). ''Multinational Interest & Development in Africa: Establishing a People's Economy''. Springer. p. 55. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-3-319-48914-8|<bdi>978-3-319-48914-8</bdi>]].</ref><ref name=":1">Gabriel Edigheji. ''The Entrepreneur Magazine''. Lulu.com. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Musamman:BookSources/978-1-105-90932-0|<bdi>978-1-105-90932-0</bdi>]]. ^{[''[[Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published sources|self-published source]]'']}</ref><ref>"Nweke, Ifeanyi. "What you should know about Dangote". Retrieved 14 July 2015.</ref> Mahaifiyar Ɗangote, Hajiya Mariya Sanusi Ɗantata ɗiya ce ga shahararren mai kuɗi [[Sanusi Dantata|Sanusi Ɗantata]].<ref>admin (10 April 2017). "Aliko Dangote: The African Icon at 60!". ''THISDAYLIVE''. Retrieved 6 March2022.</ref> Mahaifin Ɗangote kuwa Mohammed Ɗangote, abokin kasuwancin sirikinsa ne wato Sanusi Ɗantata.<ref>"What you should know about Dangote - The Nation Newspaper". 23 November 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2022.</ref> Ta mahaifiyarsa, Ɗangote ya kasance tattaɓa kunen [[Alhassan Dantata]], wanda yafi kowa kuɗi a faɗin [[Afirka ta Yamma]] a lokacin rasuwarsa a alif ɗari tara da hamsin da biyar 1955. [[Fayil:Aliko Dangote College of Nursing Sciences Bauchi.jpg|thumb]] dangote ya fara karatunsa ne daga karatun [[addinin]] a makarantar Sheikh Ali Kumasi, daga bisani kuma Capital High School, Kano.<ref name=":0">"Aliko Dangote: Things You Never Knew About Him, His Wives and Children – Naija News". ''naijanews.com''. 17 March 2017. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017. Retrieved 8 October 2017.</ref> A shekarar alif ɗari tara da saba'in da takwas 1978 ne ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare a [[Government College, Birnin Kudu]].<ref>IV, Editorial (4 January 2018). "Birnin Kudu College hails Dangote on projects". ''Blueprint''. Retrieved 15 March 2020.</ref> Yayi karatunsa na [[Bachelor's degree|digiri]] a fannin kasuwanci da gudanarwa a [[Jami'ar Al-Azhar]], [[Cairo]].<ref>"The World's Billionaires: Aliko Dangote". ''Forbes.com''. Retrieved 9 March 2018.</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Sana'ar Kasuwanci == [[File:Aliko Dangote with Zulfi Azad in Nigeria.jpg|200px|left|thumbnail|Dangote tare da [[Zulfi Azad]] a [[Nijeriya]]]]]] An ƙirƙiri kamfanin kasuwanci na Ɗangote wato [[Dangote Group]] a shekarar alif ɗari tara da saba'in da bakwai 1977, a wannan shekarar ne kuma Ɗangote yayi ƙaura zuwa garin [[Lagos (birni)|Lagos]] don ya haɓaka kamfanin.<ref name=":1" /> Ɗangote ya samu aron kuɗi dala dubu ɗari biyar $500,000 daga wurin kawunsa don fara kasuwancin kayayyaki da suka haɗa da buhunan, [[siminti]], da sauran kayayyakin amfanin noma kaman [[shinkafa]] da [[sukari]].<ref>`Umoh, Ruth (5 December 2018). "Billionaire Aliko Dangote is the world's richest black person—here's how he made his wealth". ''CNBC''. Retrieved 12 May2022.</ref> A tsakanin shekarun alif ɗari tara da casa'in 1990s ne, Ɗangote ya tunkari [[Babban Bankin Najeriya]] da wata shawar cewa, zai fi arha idan bankin ta baiwa kamfaninsa na sufuri daman jigilar motocin ma'aikatansu, wanda daga bisani kuma bankin ta amince da hakan. A yau, kamfanin [[Dangote Group]], na daga cikin kasuwanci mafi shahara a faɗin Afurka, inda suke gudanan da harkokin kasashen waje a [[Benin]], [[Ghana]], [[Zambia]] da kuma [[Togo]]. Kamfanin Ɗangote Group ta matsa daga matsayin masana'antar cinikayya zuwa ƙungiyan kasuwanci mafi shahara a Najeriya, inda suke da sassa daban daban kaman sashin sarrafa [[Sukari|sikari]] wato [[Dangote Sugar Refinery]], [[Kamfanin Siminti na Dangote Plc|Sashin Siminti]], da kuma sashin garin fulawa wato "[[Dangote Flour]]".<ref>"Somalia orders top U.N. official to leave". ''Reuters''. 2 January 2019. Archived from the original on 3 January 2019. Retrieved 2 January 2019.</ref> Sashin sarrafa sukari na Dangote ta mamaye kasuwancin sukari a Najeriya, a yayinda masana'antar ke samar da kusan kaso saba'in 70 na sukari ga kamfanonin kayan sha, kamfanonin giya da kuma sauran masana'antu na kayan abinci. Kamfanin ta bawa fiye da mutum dubu sha biyar 15,000 aiki daga ko ina a fadin Yammacin Afrika. Acikin watan Yulin dubu biyu da sha biyu 2012 ne, Dangote ya bukaci [[Hukumar Tashar Jirgin ruwa ta Nijeriya]] da ta bashi hayan wani fili da ba'a amfani da shi a [[Apapa Port Complex|Tashar Jirgi na Apapa]] kuma sun bashi hayan.<ref>"Dangote Sugar Refinery Plc (DSR)", ''Institute of Developing Economies-Japan External Trade Organization''. Accessed 26 November 2015.</ref> Sannan daga bisani yayi gine-gine na masana'antar sukarinsa a wurin. Itace masana'anta mafi girma a duk fadin Afirka, kuma itace ta uku a girma a duniya, inda take samar da tonn 800,000(tonnes) na sukari a duk rana. Kamfanin Dangote Group tana da masana'antun gishiri da na garin fulawa kuma kamfanin ya kasance muhimmin mai shigo da shinkafa, kifi, taliya, siminnti da kuma taki. Kamfanin tana fitar da kaya kamar su auduga, kwallon cashew, cocoa, 'ya'yan riɗi da kuma citta zuwa kasashe daban daban a fadin duniya. Har wayau, kamfanin tana da muhimman hannun jari a gidajen haya, harkokin banki, fannin sufuri, masana'antun saƙa, man fetur da kuma gas. Acikin watan fabrairu, shekara ta 2022 ne, Dangote ya sanar da kammala masana'antar haɗa sassan mota ƙirar Peugeot a Najeriya bayan yayi hadin gwiwa da yayi da kamfanin [[Stellantis|Stellantis Group]], asalin kamfanin Peugeot da kuma gwamnatin jihohin [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]] da [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]]. Sabon kamfanin hada motocin mai suna ''Peugeot Automobiles Nigeria Limited (DPAN)'' ta fara aiki ne da hada sassan motoci kamar Peugeot ƙirar 301, Peugeot ƙirar 5008, 3008, 508 da kuma Land Trek.<ref>"Africa's Richest Man, Dangote Ventures Into Automobiles". ''Investors King''. 4 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.</ref> ==Arziki == Dangote ya zama biloniya na farko a Najeriya a shekara ta 2007.<ref>"Aliko Dangote, Nigeria's first billionaire cements his fortune - CNN.com". ''edition.cnn.com''. Retrieved 12 May 2022.</ref> An sanar cewa arzikin Dangote sun karu da dala biliyan $9.2 a shekara ta 2013, dangane da jadawalin ''Bloomberg Billionaires Index'' wanda hakan ta sa ya zamo mutum na talatin a arziki a duniya a lokacin, sannan wanda ya fi kowa kudi a Afurka.<ref>"Aliko Dangote Racks in $9.2 bn in 2013". ''BellaNaija''. 3 January 2014.</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2015 ne, HSBC ta sanar cewa Dangote ya kasance abokin kasuwancinta kuma yana da hannun jari a yankin aminci na [[British Virgin Islands]].<ref>"Exposed: The Africans named in the HSBC Swiss Leaks". ''The Mail & Guardian''. 13 February 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2022.</ref><ref>"INVESTIGATION: David Mark's wife, Dangote, Adenuga, others named in #SwissLeaks as operators of secret foreign accounts | Premium Times Nigeria". 19 February 2015. Retrieved 27 February2022.</ref> Yazo a watan Yunin shekarar 2022, Dangote ya kasance wanda yafi kowa kudi a fadin Afurka tare da kiyasi na dukiya akalla biliyan US$20.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Sannan shahararren ɗan Kasuwan yayi ta yunƙurin buɗe kamfanin sarrafa mai da yafi kowanne girma a Afrika [[ɗangote refinery]], yayin da Shugaba Buhari ya ƙarfafamasa gwiwa wajen bude kamfanin a ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Mayu na shekarar dubu biyu da ashirin da uku. == Matatar Mai Na Aliko Dangote == Matatar Dangote matatar mai ce mallakin Aliko Dangote da aka kaddamar a ranar 22 ga watan Mayun shekarar 2023 a Lekki, Najeriya.<ref>Kaddamar da matatar man Dangote a Nijeriya. [https://www.icirnigeria.org/economic-challenges-jack-up-dangote-refinerys-construction-cost-100/#:~:text=FROM%20its%20initial%20estimated%20cost,relations%20with%20the%20global%20economy. https://www.icirnigeria.org/economic-challenges-jack-up-dangote-refinerys-construction-cost-100/#:~:text=FROM%20its%20initial%20estimated%20cost,relations%20with%20the%20global%20economy.]</ref> Idan aka kammala aikin, ana sa ran za ta iya sarrafa gangar danyen mai kusan ganga 650,000 a kowace rana, wanda zai zama matatar mai mafi girman aiki a duniya. Daga farkon da aka yi kiyasin kashe dala biliyan tara 9, jimlar kudin gina matatar man dangote ya ninka dala biliyan 18.5, saboda karin tsada da dala tayi a Nijeriya. Attajiri dan Najeriya mai kasuwancin siminti, Alhaji Aliko Dangote, mai shekaru hamsin da biyar da haihuwa, ya ci gaba da kasancewa mutumin da yafi kowa arziki a Afrika, kamar yadda mujallar Forbes ta bayyana a jerin attajirai 40 na nahiyar. Ya ci gaba da jagorantar sauran masu kudi a nahiyar Afrika, inda arzikinsa ya kai dala biliyan 12, fiye fa dala biliyan 10 da yake dasu a bara. Daga cikin jerin masu arzikin su 40, akwai wasu mutane uku da suka samu shiga jerin a karon farko, wato daya daga Najeriya da kuma wasu biyu daga Afrika ta Kudu. Sani Bello wanda a yanzu dukiyarsa ta kai dala miliyon 425, yana harkoki ne na mai da kuma sadarwa. Kamfaninsa na AMNI Petroleum nada rijayar mai na cikin teku, sannan kuma yana da kaso a kamfanin sadarwa na MTN Nigeria.A karon farko an samu mata biyu a cikin jerin masu arziki 40 a Afrika wato Folorunsho Alakija ta Najeriya da kuma Isabel dos Santos diyar tsohon shugaban kasar Angola. Sunayen masu arziki goma da yawan arzikinsu: 1. Aliko Dangote $12, 000 55 2. Nicky Oppenheimer da iyalansa $6, 400 67 3. Johann Repert da iyalansa $5, 700 62 4. Nassef Sawiris $5, 500 51 5. Mike Adenuga $4, 600 59 6. Christoffel Wiese $3, 700 71 7. Othman Benjelloun $2, 750 80 8. Patrice Motsepe $2,650 50 9. Naguib Sawiris $2, 500 58 10. Mohammed Mansour $2, 200 64 * == Manazarta == {{DEFAULTSORT:Dangote, Aliko}} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1957]] [[Category:'Yan kasuwan Najeriya]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[category:Attajiran Najeriya]] 9t7lx3zldnx8tc8fhuracdu6eoyejry 0 7109 821082 820654 2026-04-14T09:46:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 821082 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Ali Nuhu at AMVCA 2020.jpg|thumb|dan wasan kwaikwayo ]] {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Iron rod Gate.jpg|thumb|dan wasan kwaikwayo ]] '''''Ali Nuhu Mohammed''''' An haifi Ali Nuhu a ranar 15 ga watan Maris na shekarar (1974) a garin [[Maiduguri]] dake [[Borno|Jihar Borno.]] Ya girma a jihar [[Kano|Kano,]] mahaifinsa dan Balanga ne a [[jihar Gombe]] dake (Arewacin Najeriya).<ref>Ali Nuhu returns to school". ''premiumtimesng.com''. Premium Times. 9 January 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2017</ref> Ali Nuhu ya fito daga kabilar Tangale Waja, cikakken sunan mahaifinsa shine Nuhu Poloma wanda dan asalin jihar Gombe ne. Ali Nuhu ya girma ne a hannun mahaifiyar sa a jihar Kano, mahaifiyar sa ta rasu a shekarar alif da dari tara da casa'in da tara (1999) miladiyya . Shi kuma mahaifinsa ya rasu a shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin (2020). Ali Nuhu jarumine a harkar fina-finai, sannan marubucine, mai bada umarni kuma furodusa ne a masana,antar shirya fina-finai ta [[kannywood]] da [[Nollywood]]. Sannan kuma wasu lokutan ya kan yi rawa a wasu fina-finai. Ali Nuhu yana fina-finan sa cikin harshen Hausa da turanci, sannan kuma yana cikin manyan jaruman da suka kafa masana'antar shirya finafinai ta kannywood. Shekarun sa 51 a shekarar 2025, ya kuma karanci geography a jami'ar Jos wato ''University of Jos'' a turance. Mutane suna masa inkiya da "sarki Ali Nuhu" (King of kannywood), wanda aƙalla zuwa yanzu ya fito a fina-finai sama da dari biyar (500+) wanda ya samu lambobin yabo da dama. Ko a shekara ta 2023 sai da ya samu lambar yabo ta "Best actor award in the Nollywood Europe Golden Award (NEGA a shekarar 2023)". Ali Nuhu ya fara harkar fim tun a shekarar alif da dari tara da casa'in da tara (1999) miladiyya wato shekarar da mahaifiyar sa ta rasu da wani fim mai taken "ABIN SIRRI NE" ya kuma fito a finafinan masana'antar shirya finafinai ta kudanci [[najeriya]] [[NOLLYWOOD]] irin su Tout too, The Ghost, The Millions and Diamonds in the Sky, da dai sauransu. Jarumin yana da mata ɗaya da yara biyu (2) Ahmad da fatima. [[Fayil:Ali Nuhu at AMVCA 2020 2.jpg|thumb|ali nuhu]] A shekarar 2024 shugaban ƙasar Najeriya, Bola Ahmed Tinubu ya naɗa shi a matsayin shugaban masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya gaba daya. [https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100084695837531 Alh Abdoul Embesey ii] == Farkon rayuwa == An haifi Ali Nuhu Muhammad a birnin [[Maiduguri|Maiduguri, jihar Borno]], a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Mahaifinsa [[Nuhu Poloma]] daga Balanga gari Jihar Gombe dake a Arewacin Najeriya da mahaifiyarsa mai suna Fatima Karderam Digema daga Bama gidan gwamnatin jihar Borno. Ya girma a [[Jos]] da [[Kano#Tarihin%20Kano|Kano]].<ref name="Ali9">{{cite web|title=Yanzu Jama'a Sun Fara Fahimta Da Rungumar Ayyukanmu-In Ji Jarumi Ali Nuhu|url=https://www.voahausa.com/a/a-39-2005-08-06-voa1-91733284/1370189.html|website=voahausa.com|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|access-date=13 October 2017}}</ref> == Aure == Ali Nuhu yana da mata daya da Yara guda biyu, Ahmad Ali nuhu da Fatima Ali nuhu. == Ilimi == Ali ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Jos, Bayan karatun sakandare, ya sami digiri na farko a fannin ilimin na [[fasaha]] daga Jami'ar Jos. Yayi bautar [[kasa]] a [[Ibadan]] da ke jihar [[Oyo]]. Daga baya ya halarci Jami'ar Kudancin [[Kalifoniya]] don yayi kwas a fagen shirya fina-finai da fasahar [[sinima]].<ref>https://www.voahausa.com/a/a-39-2005-08-06-voa1-91733284/1370189.html</ref> == Sana'a == Ali Nuhu ya fara fitowa a fim ne a shekarar ta 1999 mai suna “Abin sirri ne”. An fi saninsa da rawar da yake takawa a "Sangaya" wanda ya zama ɗayan Fina-finan Hausa da suka fi samun kudi a lokacin. Ali Nuhu ya fito a fina-finai da dama, wadanda suka haɗa da Azal, Jarumin Maza, da Stinda a matsayin fitaccen Jarumi a wajen bayar da gudummuwa a yayin bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na African Movie Academy a (shekara ta 2007). A shekarar ta 2019, Ali Nuhu ya yi bikin cikarsa shekaru 20 a masana'antar nishaɗantarwa. Ya fito a fina-finai kusan dari biyar (500).<ref name="PT">{{cite web|title=Ali Nuhu celebrates 20 years in Kannywood|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/305949-ali-nuhu-celebrates-20-years-in-kannywood.html|date=15 January 2019|newspaper=Premium Times|first=Mohammed|last=Lere|access-date=25 November 2019}}</ref> === Shugaban Hukumar Fina-finai ta Najeriya === A shekarar 2024 shugaban Najeriya [[Bola Tinubu]] ya nada shi a matsayin shugaban hukumar kula da fina-finai ta Najeriya.<ref>[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/01/breaking-tinubu-appoints-kannywood-actor-ali-nuhu-md-of-film-corporation/ Tinubu appoints Kannywood actor Ali Nuhu MD of Film Corporation]</ref> == Mabiya == inda akayi ittifaki akan yana da mabiya a [[Twitter]] sama da mutane dubu dari da arba'in 140,000 da kuma mabiya a [[Facebook]] sama da mutane dubu uku 3,000,000 da kuma wasu a shafin [[Instagram]] sama da milyan mutane dubu dari 1,000,000.<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/305949-ali-nuhu-celebrates-20-years-in-kannywood.html</ref><ref>https://www.legit.ng/1216404-ali-nuhus-biography-family-career.html</ref> == Fina finai a Kannywood == ('''BT''') na nufin Ba Tabbas, ma'ana babu tabbacin kwanan wata da shekarar da fim din ya fita. Yayin da akwai wasu kuma da ake da tabbacin kwanan watan fitar su. {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+ !Fim !↑ Shekara !Fim !Shekara |- |Abaya |BT |Alhini |BT |- |Abin Sirri Ne |1998 |Ali |BT |- |Alhini |BT |Alkebba |BT |- |Ali |BT | | |- |Alkebba |BT | | |- |Ambato |BT | | |- |Aska Tara |BT | | |- |Zuwa Da Kai |BT | | |- |Uwar Miji |BT | | |- |'Ya 'Ya Na |BT | | |- |Ina Miji Na? |BT | | |- |Gambiza |BT | | |- |Namijin Duniya |BT | | |- |Dama da Hauni |BT | | |- |Ga Fili Ga Mai Doki |BT | | |- |Masu Aji |BT | | |- |Zo Mu Zauna |BT | | |- |Mashi |2003 | | |- |Gida da Waje |BT | | |- |Yanayi |BT | | |- |Farin Wata |BT | | |- |Sakayya |1998 | | |- |Harafin So |BT | | |- |Zuciya Ko Ruhi |BT | | |- |Sangaya |2000 | | |- |JIGAL |2002 | | |- |Bashin Gaba |BT | | |- |Mai Gadon Zinare |BT | | |- |Ragowar Yaki |BT | | |- |Kishin Mata |BT | | |- |Jurwaye |BT | | |- |Fitilar Dare |BT | | |- |Rana da Wata |BT | | |- |Umarnin Uwa |BT | | |- |Gadan Ga |BT | | |- |Sabon Shafi |BT | | |- |Hawan Girma |BT | | |- |Khalid |BT | | |- |Maraichi |BT | | |- |Har Abada |BT | | |- |Qiyasi |BT | | |- |Shamsiyya |BT | | |- |Tawakkali |BT | | |- |Raliya |BT | | |- |Maryam Diyana |BT | | |- |Rawani |BT | | |- |Ban Ga Masoyi Ba |BT | | |- |Gidan Iko |BT | | |- |Zamba |BT | | |- |Kamilalla |BT | | |- |Nazari |BT | | |- |Garinmu da Zafi (Dawo-Dawo) |BT | | |- |Bilal |BT | | |- |Mujadala |BT | | |- |Bahaushiya |BT | | |- |Rariya |2017 | | |- |Dangin Miji |2017 | | |- |Ba Tabbas |2017 | | |- |Mansoor |2017 | | |- |Zuciya Da Hawaye |2017 | | |- |Wacece Sarauniya? |2017 | | |- |Jarumta |2016 | | |- |Mu'amalat |2016 | | |- |Dattijo |2016 | | |- |Shinaz |2016 | | |- |Igiyar Zato |2016 | | |- |Halacci |2015 | | |- |'Yar Tasha |2015 | | |- |Wutar Gaba |2015 | | |- |Bani Bake |2015 | | |- |Gamu Nan Dai |2015 | | |- |Uba da 'Da |2015 | | |- |Baya da Kura |2015 | | |- |Ba'asi |2015 | | |- |Sallamar So |2015 | | |- |Kurman Allo |2015 | | |- |Nasibi |2015 | | |- |Hanyar Kano |2014 | | |- |Sirrin Da Ke Raina |2014 | | |- |Mai Dalilin Aure (Match Maker) |2014 | | |- |Jinin Jiki Na |2014 | | |- |Garbati |2014 | | |- |'Ya daga Allah |2014 | | |- |Idan Hakane |2014 | | |- |Kanin Miji |2014 | | |- |Mati da Lado |2014 | | |- |Sai a Lahira |2014 | | |- |Munafikin Mata |2014 | | |- |Duniyar Nan |2014 | | |- |So Aljannar Duniya |2014 | | |- |Hujja |2014 | | |- |Hakkin Miji |2014 | | |- |Andamali |2013 | | |- |Dakin Amarya |2013 | | |- |Nadawo Gareki |2013 | | |- |Wani Gari |2013 | | |- |Da Kishiyar Gida |2013 | | |- |Haske |2013 | | |- |Lamiraj |2013 | | |- |Jarumin Maza |2013 | | |- |Fari Da Baki |2013 | | |- |Zuri'a |2013 | | |- |Mai Jego |2013 | | |- |Mai Farin Jini |2013 | | |- |Halisa |2013 | | |- |Matar Jami'a |2013 | | |- |Kudi A Duhu |2013 | | |- |Madubin Dubawa |2012 | | |- |Gani Gaka |2012 | | |- |Wani Hanin |2012 | | |- |Kudi A Duhu |2012 | | |- |Son Zuciya |2012 | | |- |Dan Marayan Zaki |2012 | | |- |Kara da Kiyashi |2012 | | |- |Rai Dai |2012 | | |- |Hubbi |2012 | | |- |Bazan Barki Ba |2012 | | |- |Son Mai So |2012 | | |- |Blood and Henna |2012 | | |- |Maza Da Mata |2012 | | |- |Noor (The Light) |2012 | | |- |Talatu |2012 | | |- |Kona Gari |2012 | | |- |Adamsy |2011 | | |- |Alhaki Kwikwiyo |2011 | | |- |Armala |2011 | | |- |Malika |2011 | | |- |Tsaraba |2011 | | |- |Mutallab |2011 | | |- |Mai Zamani |2011 | | |- |Jaraba |2011 | | |- |Ke Duniya |2011 | | |- |Toron Giwa |2011 | | |- |Fisabilillahi |2011 | | |- |Muradi |2011 | | |- |Rai Da Buri |2011 | | |- |Ankwa |2011 | | |- |'Yan Mata |2010 | | |- |Mai Ladabi |2010 | | |- |Sarauta |2010 | | |- |Kukan Zaki (the Lion’s Cry) |2010 | | |- |Balaraba |2010 | | |- |Ladidin Baba |2010 | | |- |Dan Sarki |2010 | | |- |Sai Wata Rana |2010 | | |- |Wasila |2010 | | |- |Artabu (A Mazauna) |2009 | | |- |Dijangala |2008 | | |- |Hafsah |2007 | | |- |Bana Bakwai |2007 | | |- |Sabon Sarki |2006 | | |- |Jamhuriya |2005 | | |- |Taurari |2005 | | |- |Gwamnati |2003 | | |- |zero hour |2020 | | |} == Bada umarni == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" ! Shekara ! Suna ! Matsayi ! Salo ! Kamfanin daya shirya |- | 2007 |''Sitanda'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2011 |''Carbin Kwai'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2012 |''Madubin Dubawa'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2012 |''Last Flight to Abuja'' | Jarumi | Wasa | Nollywood Film Factory |- | 2013 |''Blood and Henna'' | Jarumi | Wasa | Newage Networks |- | 2013 |''Confusion Na Wa'' | Jarumi | Was | Cinema KpataKpata |- | 2013 |''Wani Hanin'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2014 |''Matan Gida'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2015 |''Jinin Jikina'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2016 |''Nasibi'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2016 |''Ojukokoro'' | Jarumi | Wasa | Singularity Media |- | 2017 |''Banana Island Ghost'' | Jarumi | Wasa |Allura cikin ruwa |}Shekara ta 2024 == Lamban girma == Ali Nuhu yana daga cikin jaruman fina-finan Hausa wadanda ke gaba-gaba wajen samun gagarumar nasarori a masana'antar ta Kannywood dama ta mutanen kudancin Najeriya wato [[Nollywood]]. Anan zamu kawo maku wasu daga cikin kyaututtukan da Ali Nuhu ya samu a harkar sa ta shirya fina-finai.<ref name="Ali15">{{cite web|title=Sharia Affected Cinema Culture In Northern Nigeria – Nuhu|url=http://leadership.ng/2017/06/18/sharia-affected-cinema-culture-northern-nigeria-nuhu/|website=leadership.ng|publisher=[[Leadership (Nigeria)|Leadership Newspaper]]|access-date=13 October 2017|archive-date=13 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013174903/http://leadership.ng/2017/06/18/sharia-affected-cinema-culture-northern-nigeria-nuhu/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ali-nuhu-honoured-with-doctorate-by-cotonou-university.html|title=Ali Nuhu honoured with Doctorate by Cotonou University – Daily Trust|date=2018-10-10|work=Daily Trust|access-date=2018-10-11|language=en-GB|archive-date=2018-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010172458/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ali-nuhu-honoured-with-doctorate-by-cotonou-university.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+ !Shekara !Kyauta !Rukuni !Sakamako |- !2005 |Arewa Films Award |Best Actor | |- !2007 |3rd Africa Movie Academy Awards |Best Upcoming Actor award |{{Nasara}} |- !2008 |The Future Award |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2011 |Zulu African Film Academy Awards |Best Actor ''(Indigenous)'' | |- !2012 |2012 Best of Nollywood Awards |Best Actor ''(Hausa)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2013 |9th Africa Movie Academy Awards |Best Supporting Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2013 |2013 Nigeria Entertainment Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2013 |2013 Best of Nollywood Awards |Best Actor ''(Hausa)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2013 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Face |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |Kannywood Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership Awards |Best Artiste |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |City People Entertainment Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Face |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |Arewa Music and Movie Awards |Pride of Kannywood |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |Arewa Music and Movie Awards |Best Actor ''(Popular)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2015 |19th African Film Awards |Most Outstanding Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2015 |2015 Best of Nollywood Award |Best Actor (Hausa) |{{Nasara}} |- !2015 |2015 Kannywood Awards |Best Actor ''(Popular)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2015 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Personality |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |2016 Best of Nollywood Awards |Best Actor ''(Hausa)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |Arewa Music and Movie Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |Kannywood Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Face |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |Arewa|Arewa Creative Industry Awards |Entertainment Award |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |Wazobia FM’s COWA Awards |Excellent Entertainer |{{Nasara}} |- !2017 |Northern Nigeria Peace Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2017 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Face |{{Nasara}} |- !2017 |City People Entertainment Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2017 |2017 Best of Nollywood Awards |Special Recognition Award |An dakatar |} == Hotuna == [[File:Ali Nuhu at AMVCA 2020 2.jpg|thumb]]Ali Nuhu <gallery mode="packed-overlay" heights="140" caption="Hotunan Ali Nuhu a lokacin shirin fim"> File:Ali Nuhu at AMVCA 2020.jpg|Ali Nuhu a lokacin karban lamban girma </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} <references/> [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Category:Maza yan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1974]] == Rayuwar shi ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Ali Nuhu Mohammed a [[Maiduguri]], [[Borno|Jihar Borno]], dake Najeriya . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2022-03-19 |title=Kannywood to Nollywood: Ali Nuhu, Rahama Sadau, other Northern actors bridging the gap |url=https://dailytrust.com/kannywood-to-nollywood-ali-nuhu-rahama-sadau-other-northern-actors-bridging-the-gap |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=Daily Trust |language=en |archive-date=2025-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250901205248/https://dailytrust.com/kannywood-to-nollywood-ali-nuhu-rahama-sadau-other-northern-actors-bridging-the-gap |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mahaifinsa, Nuhu Poloma, ya fito ne daga [[Balanga (Nijeriya)|Balanga]] dake [[Gombe (jiha)|Jihar Gombe]] a Nigeria kuma mahaifiyarsa Fatima Karderam Digema, ta fito ne daga [[Bama]] a Jihar Borno. Ya girma a [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] kuma ya halarci [[Dawakin Tofa Science College|Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Dawakin Tofa]] . Ali nuhu Ya sami digiri a fannin ilimin ƙasa daga [[Jami'ar Jos]] . Bayan ya yi aiki a cikin Ƙungiyar Matasa ta Kasa na shekara guda a [[Ibadan]], ya kuma ɗauki darussan fim daga Kwalejin Fim da Talabijin ta Asiya a [[Delhi]]. == __LEAD_SECTION__ == '''Ali Nuhu Mohammed''' ({{Pronunciation|Ha-Ali Nuhu Mohammed.ogg|help=no}}; an haife shi a ranar 15 ga watan Maris na shekara 1974 ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne a Najeriya wanda ke aiki a matsayin manajan darektan [[Nigerian Film Corporation|Kamfanin Fim na Najeriya]] tun daga watan Janairun shekara ta 2024. Ya auri Maimuna Garba a shekara ta 2003, ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya 2.<ref name="Ali">{{Cite web |date=9 January 2016 |title=Ali Nuhu returns to school |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/196476-kannywood-ali-nuhu-returns-to-school.html |access-date=13 October 2017 |website=premiumtimesng.com |publisher=Premium Times}}</ref> Ya bayyana a fina-finai na Hausa da Ingilishi kuma galibi ana daukar shi a matsayin "sarkin [[kannywood]]". <ref name="Ali7">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2015 |title=Ali Nuhu, Adam Zango, others win awards in London |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/193176-ali-nuhu-adam-zango-others-win-awards-in-london.html |access-date=13 October 2017 |website=premiumtimesng.com |publisher=Premium Times}}</ref> <ref name="Ali4">{{Cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Cherie Noodles unveils Ali Nuhu, Aishat Aliyu Tsamiya as Brand Ambassadors |url=https://guardian.ng/features/cherie-noodles-unveils-ali-nuhu-aishat-aliyu-tsamiya-as-brand-ambassadors/ |access-date=13 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="Ali5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2015 |title=An karrama Ali Nuhu da Adam Zango a London |url=http://www.bbc.com/hausa/news/2015/11/151114_alinuhu_adamzango_london_awards |access-date=13 October 2017 |website=bbc.com/hausa |publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Behind The Scenes With Nigerian Filmmaker Ali Nuhu |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/behind-the-scenes-with-nigerian-filmmaker-ali-nuhu/6436875.html |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=Voice of America}}</ref> Nuhu an dauke shi daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da suka fi tasiri a kowane lokaci a cikin fina-finai na Hausa. An bayyana shi a matsayin dan wasan fim na Hausa mafi sha hara a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agu |first=Zain |date=2018-12-28 |title=Who is the richest man in Hausa film? |url=https://www.legit.ng/1210870-who-richest-man-hausa-film.html |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=Legit.ng |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == 02v2xr2fseh2zzgcqhygg94rkht2nqd 821083 821082 2026-04-14T09:47:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 821083 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Ali Nuhu at AMVCA 2020.jpg|thumb|dan wasan kwaikwayo ]] {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Iron rod Gate.jpg|thumb|dan wasan kwaikwayo ]] '''''Ali Nuhu Mohammed''''' An haifi Ali Nuhu a ranar 15 ga watan Maris na shekarar (1974) a garin [[Maiduguri]] dake [[Borno|Jihar Borno.]] Ya girma a jihar [[Kano|Kano,]] mahaifinsa kuma dan Balanga ne a [[jihar Gombe]] dake (Arewacin Najeriya).<ref>Ali Nuhu returns to school". ''premiumtimesng.com''. Premium Times. 9 January 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2017</ref> Ali Nuhu ya fito daga kabilar Tangale Waja, cikakken sunan mahaifinsa shine Nuhu Poloma wanda dan asalin jihar Gombe ne. Ali Nuhu ya girma ne a hannun mahaifiyar sa a jihar Kano, mahaifiyar sa ta rasu a shekarar alif da dari tara da casa'in da tara (1999) miladiyya . Shi kuma mahaifinsa ya rasu a shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin (2020). Ali Nuhu jarumine a harkar fina-finai, sannan marubucine, mai bada umarni kuma furodusa ne a masana,antar shirya fina-finai ta [[kannywood]] da [[Nollywood]]. Sannan kuma wasu lokutan ya kan yi rawa a wasu fina-finai. Ali Nuhu yana fina-finan sa cikin harshen Hausa da turanci, sannan kuma yana cikin manyan jaruman da suka kafa masana'antar shirya finafinai ta kannywood. Shekarun sa 51 a shekarar 2025, ya kuma karanci geography a jami'ar Jos wato ''University of Jos'' a turance. Mutane suna masa inkiya da "sarki Ali Nuhu" (King of kannywood), wanda aƙalla zuwa yanzu ya fito a fina-finai sama da dari biyar (500+) wanda ya samu lambobin yabo da dama. Ko a shekara ta 2023 sai da ya samu lambar yabo ta "Best actor award in the Nollywood Europe Golden Award (NEGA a shekarar 2023)". Ali Nuhu ya fara harkar fim tun a shekarar alif da dari tara da casa'in da tara (1999) miladiyya wato shekarar da mahaifiyar sa ta rasu da wani fim mai taken "ABIN SIRRI NE" ya kuma fito a finafinan masana'antar shirya finafinai ta kudanci [[najeriya]] [[NOLLYWOOD]] irin su Tout too, The Ghost, The Millions and Diamonds in the Sky, da dai sauransu. Jarumin yana da mata ɗaya da yara biyu (2) Ahmad da fatima. [[Fayil:Ali Nuhu at AMVCA 2020 2.jpg|thumb|ali nuhu]] A shekarar 2024 shugaban ƙasar Najeriya, Bola Ahmed Tinubu ya naɗa shi a matsayin shugaban masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya gaba daya. [https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100084695837531 Alh Abdoul Embesey ii] == Farkon rayuwa == An haifi Ali Nuhu Muhammad a birnin [[Maiduguri|Maiduguri, jihar Borno]], a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Mahaifinsa [[Nuhu Poloma]] daga Balanga gari Jihar Gombe dake a Arewacin Najeriya da mahaifiyarsa mai suna Fatima Karderam Digema daga Bama gidan gwamnatin jihar Borno. Ya girma a [[Jos]] da [[Kano#Tarihin%20Kano|Kano]].<ref name="Ali9">{{cite web|title=Yanzu Jama'a Sun Fara Fahimta Da Rungumar Ayyukanmu-In Ji Jarumi Ali Nuhu|url=https://www.voahausa.com/a/a-39-2005-08-06-voa1-91733284/1370189.html|website=voahausa.com|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|access-date=13 October 2017}}</ref> == Aure == Ali Nuhu yana da mata daya da Yara guda biyu, Ahmad Ali nuhu da Fatima Ali nuhu. == Ilimi == Ali ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Jos, Bayan karatun sakandare, ya sami digiri na farko a fannin ilimin na [[fasaha]] daga Jami'ar Jos. Yayi bautar [[kasa]] a [[Ibadan]] da ke jihar [[Oyo]]. Daga baya ya halarci Jami'ar Kudancin [[Kalifoniya]] don yayi kwas a fagen shirya fina-finai da fasahar [[sinima]].<ref>https://www.voahausa.com/a/a-39-2005-08-06-voa1-91733284/1370189.html</ref> == Sana'a == Ali Nuhu ya fara fitowa a fim ne a shekarar ta 1999 mai suna “Abin sirri ne”. An fi saninsa da rawar da yake takawa a "Sangaya" wanda ya zama ɗayan Fina-finan Hausa da suka fi samun kudi a lokacin. Ali Nuhu ya fito a fina-finai da dama, wadanda suka haɗa da Azal, Jarumin Maza, da Stinda a matsayin fitaccen Jarumi a wajen bayar da gudummuwa a yayin bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na African Movie Academy a (shekara ta 2007). A shekarar ta 2019, Ali Nuhu ya yi bikin cikarsa shekaru 20 a masana'antar nishaɗantarwa. Ya fito a fina-finai kusan dari biyar (500).<ref name="PT">{{cite web|title=Ali Nuhu celebrates 20 years in Kannywood|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/305949-ali-nuhu-celebrates-20-years-in-kannywood.html|date=15 January 2019|newspaper=Premium Times|first=Mohammed|last=Lere|access-date=25 November 2019}}</ref> === Shugaban Hukumar Fina-finai ta Najeriya === A shekarar 2024 shugaban Najeriya [[Bola Tinubu]] ya nada shi a matsayin shugaban hukumar kula da fina-finai ta Najeriya.<ref>[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/01/breaking-tinubu-appoints-kannywood-actor-ali-nuhu-md-of-film-corporation/ Tinubu appoints Kannywood actor Ali Nuhu MD of Film Corporation]</ref> == Mabiya == inda akayi ittifaki akan yana da mabiya a [[Twitter]] sama da mutane dubu dari da arba'in 140,000 da kuma mabiya a [[Facebook]] sama da mutane dubu uku 3,000,000 da kuma wasu a shafin [[Instagram]] sama da milyan mutane dubu dari 1,000,000.<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/305949-ali-nuhu-celebrates-20-years-in-kannywood.html</ref><ref>https://www.legit.ng/1216404-ali-nuhus-biography-family-career.html</ref> == Fina finai a Kannywood == ('''BT''') na nufin Ba Tabbas, ma'ana babu tabbacin kwanan wata da shekarar da fim din ya fita. Yayin da akwai wasu kuma da ake da tabbacin kwanan watan fitar su. {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+ !Fim !↑ Shekara !Fim !Shekara |- |Abaya |BT |Alhini |BT |- |Abin Sirri Ne |1998 |Ali |BT |- |Alhini |BT |Alkebba |BT |- |Ali |BT | | |- |Alkebba |BT | | |- |Ambato |BT | | |- |Aska Tara |BT | | |- |Zuwa Da Kai |BT | | |- |Uwar Miji |BT | | |- |'Ya 'Ya Na |BT | | |- |Ina Miji Na? |BT | | |- |Gambiza |BT | | |- |Namijin Duniya |BT | | |- |Dama da Hauni |BT | | |- |Ga Fili Ga Mai Doki |BT | | |- |Masu Aji |BT | | |- |Zo Mu Zauna |BT | | |- |Mashi |2003 | | |- |Gida da Waje |BT | | |- |Yanayi |BT | | |- |Farin Wata |BT | | |- |Sakayya |1998 | | |- |Harafin So |BT | | |- |Zuciya Ko Ruhi |BT | | |- |Sangaya |2000 | | |- |JIGAL |2002 | | |- |Bashin Gaba |BT | | |- |Mai Gadon Zinare |BT | | |- |Ragowar Yaki |BT | | |- |Kishin Mata |BT | | |- |Jurwaye |BT | | |- |Fitilar Dare |BT | | |- |Rana da Wata |BT | | |- |Umarnin Uwa |BT | | |- |Gadan Ga |BT | | |- |Sabon Shafi |BT | | |- |Hawan Girma |BT | | |- |Khalid |BT | | |- |Maraichi |BT | | |- |Har Abada |BT | | |- |Qiyasi |BT | | |- |Shamsiyya |BT | | |- |Tawakkali |BT | | |- |Raliya |BT | | |- |Maryam Diyana |BT | | |- |Rawani |BT | | |- |Ban Ga Masoyi Ba |BT | | |- |Gidan Iko |BT | | |- |Zamba |BT | | |- |Kamilalla |BT | | |- |Nazari |BT | | |- |Garinmu da Zafi (Dawo-Dawo) |BT | | |- |Bilal |BT | | |- |Mujadala |BT | | |- |Bahaushiya |BT | | |- |Rariya |2017 | | |- |Dangin Miji |2017 | | |- |Ba Tabbas |2017 | | |- |Mansoor |2017 | | |- |Zuciya Da Hawaye |2017 | | |- |Wacece Sarauniya? |2017 | | |- |Jarumta |2016 | | |- |Mu'amalat |2016 | | |- |Dattijo |2016 | | |- |Shinaz |2016 | | |- |Igiyar Zato |2016 | | |- |Halacci |2015 | | |- |'Yar Tasha |2015 | | |- |Wutar Gaba |2015 | | |- |Bani Bake |2015 | | |- |Gamu Nan Dai |2015 | | |- |Uba da 'Da |2015 | | |- |Baya da Kura |2015 | | |- |Ba'asi |2015 | | |- |Sallamar So |2015 | | |- |Kurman Allo |2015 | | |- |Nasibi |2015 | | |- |Hanyar Kano |2014 | | |- |Sirrin Da Ke Raina |2014 | | |- |Mai Dalilin Aure (Match Maker) |2014 | | |- |Jinin Jiki Na |2014 | | |- |Garbati |2014 | | |- |'Ya daga Allah |2014 | | |- |Idan Hakane |2014 | | |- |Kanin Miji |2014 | | |- |Mati da Lado |2014 | | |- |Sai a Lahira |2014 | | |- |Munafikin Mata |2014 | | |- |Duniyar Nan |2014 | | |- |So Aljannar Duniya |2014 | | |- |Hujja |2014 | | |- |Hakkin Miji |2014 | | |- |Andamali |2013 | | |- |Dakin Amarya |2013 | | |- |Nadawo Gareki |2013 | | |- |Wani Gari |2013 | | |- |Da Kishiyar Gida |2013 | | |- |Haske |2013 | | |- |Lamiraj |2013 | | |- |Jarumin Maza |2013 | | |- |Fari Da Baki |2013 | | |- |Zuri'a |2013 | | |- |Mai Jego |2013 | | |- |Mai Farin Jini |2013 | | |- |Halisa |2013 | | |- |Matar Jami'a |2013 | | |- |Kudi A Duhu |2013 | | |- |Madubin Dubawa |2012 | | |- |Gani Gaka |2012 | | |- |Wani Hanin |2012 | | |- |Kudi A Duhu |2012 | | |- |Son Zuciya |2012 | | |- |Dan Marayan Zaki |2012 | | |- |Kara da Kiyashi |2012 | | |- |Rai Dai |2012 | | |- |Hubbi |2012 | | |- |Bazan Barki Ba |2012 | | |- |Son Mai So |2012 | | |- |Blood and Henna |2012 | | |- |Maza Da Mata |2012 | | |- |Noor (The Light) |2012 | | |- |Talatu |2012 | | |- |Kona Gari |2012 | | |- |Adamsy |2011 | | |- |Alhaki Kwikwiyo |2011 | | |- |Armala |2011 | | |- |Malika |2011 | | |- |Tsaraba |2011 | | |- |Mutallab |2011 | | |- |Mai Zamani |2011 | | |- |Jaraba |2011 | | |- |Ke Duniya |2011 | | |- |Toron Giwa |2011 | | |- |Fisabilillahi |2011 | | |- |Muradi |2011 | | |- |Rai Da Buri |2011 | | |- |Ankwa |2011 | | |- |'Yan Mata |2010 | | |- |Mai Ladabi |2010 | | |- |Sarauta |2010 | | |- |Kukan Zaki (the Lion’s Cry) |2010 | | |- |Balaraba |2010 | | |- |Ladidin Baba |2010 | | |- |Dan Sarki |2010 | | |- |Sai Wata Rana |2010 | | |- |Wasila |2010 | | |- |Artabu (A Mazauna) |2009 | | |- |Dijangala |2008 | | |- |Hafsah |2007 | | |- |Bana Bakwai |2007 | | |- |Sabon Sarki |2006 | | |- |Jamhuriya |2005 | | |- |Taurari |2005 | | |- |Gwamnati |2003 | | |- |zero hour |2020 | | |} == Bada umarni == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" ! Shekara ! Suna ! Matsayi ! Salo ! Kamfanin daya shirya |- | 2007 |''Sitanda'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2011 |''Carbin Kwai'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2012 |''Madubin Dubawa'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2012 |''Last Flight to Abuja'' | Jarumi | Wasa | Nollywood Film Factory |- | 2013 |''Blood and Henna'' | Jarumi | Wasa | Newage Networks |- | 2013 |''Confusion Na Wa'' | Jarumi | Was | Cinema KpataKpata |- | 2013 |''Wani Hanin'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2014 |''Matan Gida'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2015 |''Jinin Jikina'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2016 |''Nasibi'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2016 |''Ojukokoro'' | Jarumi | Wasa | Singularity Media |- | 2017 |''Banana Island Ghost'' | Jarumi | Wasa |Allura cikin ruwa |}Shekara ta 2024 == Lamban girma == Ali Nuhu yana daga cikin jaruman fina-finan Hausa wadanda ke gaba-gaba wajen samun gagarumar nasarori a masana'antar ta Kannywood dama ta mutanen kudancin Najeriya wato [[Nollywood]]. Anan zamu kawo maku wasu daga cikin kyaututtukan da Ali Nuhu ya samu a harkar sa ta shirya fina-finai.<ref name="Ali15">{{cite web|title=Sharia Affected Cinema Culture In Northern Nigeria – Nuhu|url=http://leadership.ng/2017/06/18/sharia-affected-cinema-culture-northern-nigeria-nuhu/|website=leadership.ng|publisher=[[Leadership (Nigeria)|Leadership Newspaper]]|access-date=13 October 2017|archive-date=13 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013174903/http://leadership.ng/2017/06/18/sharia-affected-cinema-culture-northern-nigeria-nuhu/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ali-nuhu-honoured-with-doctorate-by-cotonou-university.html|title=Ali Nuhu honoured with Doctorate by Cotonou University – Daily Trust|date=2018-10-10|work=Daily Trust|access-date=2018-10-11|language=en-GB|archive-date=2018-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010172458/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ali-nuhu-honoured-with-doctorate-by-cotonou-university.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+ !Shekara !Kyauta !Rukuni !Sakamako |- !2005 |Arewa Films Award |Best Actor | |- !2007 |3rd Africa Movie Academy Awards |Best Upcoming Actor award |{{Nasara}} |- !2008 |The Future Award |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2011 |Zulu African Film Academy Awards |Best Actor ''(Indigenous)'' | |- !2012 |2012 Best of Nollywood Awards |Best Actor ''(Hausa)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2013 |9th Africa Movie Academy Awards |Best Supporting Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2013 |2013 Nigeria Entertainment Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2013 |2013 Best of Nollywood Awards |Best Actor ''(Hausa)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2013 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Face |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |Kannywood Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership Awards |Best Artiste |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |City People Entertainment Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Face |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |Arewa Music and Movie Awards |Pride of Kannywood |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |Arewa Music and Movie Awards |Best Actor ''(Popular)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2015 |19th African Film Awards |Most Outstanding Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2015 |2015 Best of Nollywood Award |Best Actor (Hausa) |{{Nasara}} |- !2015 |2015 Kannywood Awards |Best Actor ''(Popular)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2015 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Personality |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |2016 Best of Nollywood Awards |Best Actor ''(Hausa)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |Arewa Music and Movie Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |Kannywood Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Face |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |Arewa|Arewa Creative Industry Awards |Entertainment Award |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |Wazobia FM’s COWA Awards |Excellent Entertainer |{{Nasara}} |- !2017 |Northern Nigeria Peace Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2017 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Face |{{Nasara}} |- !2017 |City People Entertainment Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2017 |2017 Best of Nollywood Awards |Special Recognition Award |An dakatar |} == Hotuna == [[File:Ali Nuhu at AMVCA 2020 2.jpg|thumb]]Ali Nuhu <gallery mode="packed-overlay" heights="140" caption="Hotunan Ali Nuhu a lokacin shirin fim"> File:Ali Nuhu at AMVCA 2020.jpg|Ali Nuhu a lokacin karban lamban girma </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} <references/> [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Category:Maza yan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1974]] == Rayuwar shi ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Ali Nuhu Mohammed a [[Maiduguri]], [[Borno|Jihar Borno]], dake Najeriya . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2022-03-19 |title=Kannywood to Nollywood: Ali Nuhu, Rahama Sadau, other Northern actors bridging the gap |url=https://dailytrust.com/kannywood-to-nollywood-ali-nuhu-rahama-sadau-other-northern-actors-bridging-the-gap |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=Daily Trust |language=en |archive-date=2025-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250901205248/https://dailytrust.com/kannywood-to-nollywood-ali-nuhu-rahama-sadau-other-northern-actors-bridging-the-gap |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mahaifinsa, Nuhu Poloma, ya fito ne daga [[Balanga (Nijeriya)|Balanga]] dake [[Gombe (jiha)|Jihar Gombe]] a Nigeria kuma mahaifiyarsa Fatima Karderam Digema, ta fito ne daga [[Bama]] a Jihar Borno. Ya girma a [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] kuma ya halarci [[Dawakin Tofa Science College|Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Dawakin Tofa]] . Ali nuhu Ya sami digiri a fannin ilimin ƙasa daga [[Jami'ar Jos]] . Bayan ya yi aiki a cikin Ƙungiyar Matasa ta Kasa na shekara guda a [[Ibadan]], ya kuma ɗauki darussan fim daga Kwalejin Fim da Talabijin ta Asiya a [[Delhi]]. == __LEAD_SECTION__ == '''Ali Nuhu Mohammed''' ({{Pronunciation|Ha-Ali Nuhu Mohammed.ogg|help=no}}; an haife shi a ranar 15 ga watan Maris na shekara 1974 ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne a Najeriya wanda ke aiki a matsayin manajan darektan [[Nigerian Film Corporation|Kamfanin Fim na Najeriya]] tun daga watan Janairun shekara ta 2024. Ya auri Maimuna Garba a shekara ta 2003, ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya 2.<ref name="Ali">{{Cite web |date=9 January 2016 |title=Ali Nuhu returns to school |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/196476-kannywood-ali-nuhu-returns-to-school.html |access-date=13 October 2017 |website=premiumtimesng.com |publisher=Premium Times}}</ref> Ya bayyana a fina-finai na Hausa da Ingilishi kuma galibi ana daukar shi a matsayin "sarkin [[kannywood]]". <ref name="Ali7">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2015 |title=Ali Nuhu, Adam Zango, others win awards in London |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/193176-ali-nuhu-adam-zango-others-win-awards-in-london.html |access-date=13 October 2017 |website=premiumtimesng.com |publisher=Premium Times}}</ref> <ref name="Ali4">{{Cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Cherie Noodles unveils Ali Nuhu, Aishat Aliyu Tsamiya as Brand Ambassadors |url=https://guardian.ng/features/cherie-noodles-unveils-ali-nuhu-aishat-aliyu-tsamiya-as-brand-ambassadors/ |access-date=13 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="Ali5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2015 |title=An karrama Ali Nuhu da Adam Zango a London |url=http://www.bbc.com/hausa/news/2015/11/151114_alinuhu_adamzango_london_awards |access-date=13 October 2017 |website=bbc.com/hausa |publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Behind The Scenes With Nigerian Filmmaker Ali Nuhu |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/behind-the-scenes-with-nigerian-filmmaker-ali-nuhu/6436875.html |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=Voice of America}}</ref> Nuhu an dauke shi daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da suka fi tasiri a kowane lokaci a cikin fina-finai na Hausa. An bayyana shi a matsayin dan wasan fim na Hausa mafi sha hara a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agu |first=Zain |date=2018-12-28 |title=Who is the richest man in Hausa film? |url=https://www.legit.ng/1210870-who-richest-man-hausa-film.html |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=Legit.ng |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == 4ad7dxo0m96oqkalkjtofaqcbfr6vk7 821084 821083 2026-04-14T09:47:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 821084 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Ali Nuhu at AMVCA 2020.jpg|thumb|dan wasan kwaikwayo ]] {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Iron rod Gate.jpg|thumb|dan wasan kwaikwayo ]] '''''Ali Nuhu Mohammed''''' An haifi Ali Nuhu a ranar 15 ga watan Maris na shekarar (1974) a garin [[Maiduguri]] dake [[Borno|Jihar Borno.]] Ya girma a jihar [[Kano|Kano,]] mahaifinsa kuma dan Balanga ne a [[jihar Gombe]] dake ([[Arewacin Najeriya]]).<ref>Ali Nuhu returns to school". ''premiumtimesng.com''. Premium Times. 9 January 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2017</ref> Ali Nuhu ya fito daga kabilar Tangale Waja, cikakken sunan mahaifinsa shine Nuhu Poloma wanda dan asalin jihar Gombe ne. Ali Nuhu ya girma ne a hannun mahaifiyar sa a jihar Kano, mahaifiyar sa ta rasu a shekarar alif da dari tara da casa'in da tara (1999) miladiyya . Shi kuma mahaifinsa ya rasu a shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin (2020). Ali Nuhu jarumine a harkar fina-finai, sannan marubucine, mai bada umarni kuma furodusa ne a masana,antar shirya fina-finai ta [[kannywood]] da [[Nollywood]]. Sannan kuma wasu lokutan ya kan yi rawa a wasu fina-finai. Ali Nuhu yana fina-finan sa cikin harshen Hausa da turanci, sannan kuma yana cikin manyan jaruman da suka kafa masana'antar shirya finafinai ta kannywood. Shekarun sa 51 a shekarar 2025, ya kuma karanci geography a jami'ar Jos wato ''University of Jos'' a turance. Mutane suna masa inkiya da "sarki Ali Nuhu" (King of kannywood), wanda aƙalla zuwa yanzu ya fito a fina-finai sama da dari biyar (500+) wanda ya samu lambobin yabo da dama. Ko a shekara ta 2023 sai da ya samu lambar yabo ta "Best actor award in the Nollywood Europe Golden Award (NEGA a shekarar 2023)". Ali Nuhu ya fara harkar fim tun a shekarar alif da dari tara da casa'in da tara (1999) miladiyya wato shekarar da mahaifiyar sa ta rasu da wani fim mai taken "ABIN SIRRI NE" ya kuma fito a finafinan masana'antar shirya finafinai ta kudanci [[najeriya]] [[NOLLYWOOD]] irin su Tout too, The Ghost, The Millions and Diamonds in the Sky, da dai sauransu. Jarumin yana da mata ɗaya da yara biyu (2) Ahmad da fatima. [[Fayil:Ali Nuhu at AMVCA 2020 2.jpg|thumb|ali nuhu]] A shekarar 2024 shugaban ƙasar Najeriya, Bola Ahmed Tinubu ya naɗa shi a matsayin shugaban masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya gaba daya. [https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100084695837531 Alh Abdoul Embesey ii] == Farkon rayuwa == An haifi Ali Nuhu Muhammad a birnin [[Maiduguri|Maiduguri, jihar Borno]], a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Mahaifinsa [[Nuhu Poloma]] daga Balanga gari Jihar Gombe dake a Arewacin Najeriya da mahaifiyarsa mai suna Fatima Karderam Digema daga Bama gidan gwamnatin jihar Borno. Ya girma a [[Jos]] da [[Kano#Tarihin%20Kano|Kano]].<ref name="Ali9">{{cite web|title=Yanzu Jama'a Sun Fara Fahimta Da Rungumar Ayyukanmu-In Ji Jarumi Ali Nuhu|url=https://www.voahausa.com/a/a-39-2005-08-06-voa1-91733284/1370189.html|website=voahausa.com|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|access-date=13 October 2017}}</ref> == Aure == Ali Nuhu yana da mata daya da Yara guda biyu, Ahmad Ali nuhu da Fatima Ali nuhu. == Ilimi == Ali ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Jos, Bayan karatun sakandare, ya sami digiri na farko a fannin ilimin na [[fasaha]] daga Jami'ar Jos. Yayi bautar [[kasa]] a [[Ibadan]] da ke jihar [[Oyo]]. Daga baya ya halarci Jami'ar Kudancin [[Kalifoniya]] don yayi kwas a fagen shirya fina-finai da fasahar [[sinima]].<ref>https://www.voahausa.com/a/a-39-2005-08-06-voa1-91733284/1370189.html</ref> == Sana'a == Ali Nuhu ya fara fitowa a fim ne a shekarar ta 1999 mai suna “Abin sirri ne”. An fi saninsa da rawar da yake takawa a "Sangaya" wanda ya zama ɗayan Fina-finan Hausa da suka fi samun kudi a lokacin. Ali Nuhu ya fito a fina-finai da dama, wadanda suka haɗa da Azal, Jarumin Maza, da Stinda a matsayin fitaccen Jarumi a wajen bayar da gudummuwa a yayin bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na African Movie Academy a (shekara ta 2007). A shekarar ta 2019, Ali Nuhu ya yi bikin cikarsa shekaru 20 a masana'antar nishaɗantarwa. Ya fito a fina-finai kusan dari biyar (500).<ref name="PT">{{cite web|title=Ali Nuhu celebrates 20 years in Kannywood|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/305949-ali-nuhu-celebrates-20-years-in-kannywood.html|date=15 January 2019|newspaper=Premium Times|first=Mohammed|last=Lere|access-date=25 November 2019}}</ref> === Shugaban Hukumar Fina-finai ta Najeriya === A shekarar 2024 shugaban Najeriya [[Bola Tinubu]] ya nada shi a matsayin shugaban hukumar kula da fina-finai ta Najeriya.<ref>[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/01/breaking-tinubu-appoints-kannywood-actor-ali-nuhu-md-of-film-corporation/ Tinubu appoints Kannywood actor Ali Nuhu MD of Film Corporation]</ref> == Mabiya == inda akayi ittifaki akan yana da mabiya a [[Twitter]] sama da mutane dubu dari da arba'in 140,000 da kuma mabiya a [[Facebook]] sama da mutane dubu uku 3,000,000 da kuma wasu a shafin [[Instagram]] sama da milyan mutane dubu dari 1,000,000.<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/305949-ali-nuhu-celebrates-20-years-in-kannywood.html</ref><ref>https://www.legit.ng/1216404-ali-nuhus-biography-family-career.html</ref> == Fina finai a Kannywood == ('''BT''') na nufin Ba Tabbas, ma'ana babu tabbacin kwanan wata da shekarar da fim din ya fita. Yayin da akwai wasu kuma da ake da tabbacin kwanan watan fitar su. {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+ !Fim !↑ Shekara !Fim !Shekara |- |Abaya |BT |Alhini |BT |- |Abin Sirri Ne |1998 |Ali |BT |- |Alhini |BT |Alkebba |BT |- |Ali |BT | | |- |Alkebba |BT | | |- |Ambato |BT | | |- |Aska Tara |BT | | |- |Zuwa Da Kai |BT | | |- |Uwar Miji |BT | | |- |'Ya 'Ya Na |BT | | |- |Ina Miji Na? |BT | | |- |Gambiza |BT | | |- |Namijin Duniya |BT | | |- |Dama da Hauni |BT | | |- |Ga Fili Ga Mai Doki |BT | | |- |Masu Aji |BT | | |- |Zo Mu Zauna |BT | | |- |Mashi |2003 | | |- |Gida da Waje |BT | | |- |Yanayi |BT | | |- |Farin Wata |BT | | |- |Sakayya |1998 | | |- |Harafin So |BT | | |- |Zuciya Ko Ruhi |BT | | |- |Sangaya |2000 | | |- |JIGAL |2002 | | |- |Bashin Gaba |BT | | |- |Mai Gadon Zinare |BT | | |- |Ragowar Yaki |BT | | |- |Kishin Mata |BT | | |- |Jurwaye |BT | | |- |Fitilar Dare |BT | | |- |Rana da Wata |BT | | |- |Umarnin Uwa |BT | | |- |Gadan Ga |BT | | |- |Sabon Shafi |BT | | |- |Hawan Girma |BT | | |- |Khalid |BT | | |- |Maraichi |BT | | |- |Har Abada |BT | | |- |Qiyasi |BT | | |- |Shamsiyya |BT | | |- |Tawakkali |BT | | |- |Raliya |BT | | |- |Maryam Diyana |BT | | |- |Rawani |BT | | |- |Ban Ga Masoyi Ba |BT | | |- |Gidan Iko |BT | | |- |Zamba |BT | | |- |Kamilalla |BT | | |- |Nazari |BT | | |- |Garinmu da Zafi (Dawo-Dawo) |BT | | |- |Bilal |BT | | |- |Mujadala |BT | | |- |Bahaushiya |BT | | |- |Rariya |2017 | | |- |Dangin Miji |2017 | | |- |Ba Tabbas |2017 | | |- |Mansoor |2017 | | |- |Zuciya Da Hawaye |2017 | | |- |Wacece Sarauniya? |2017 | | |- |Jarumta |2016 | | |- |Mu'amalat |2016 | | |- |Dattijo |2016 | | |- |Shinaz |2016 | | |- |Igiyar Zato |2016 | | |- |Halacci |2015 | | |- |'Yar Tasha |2015 | | |- |Wutar Gaba |2015 | | |- |Bani Bake |2015 | | |- |Gamu Nan Dai |2015 | | |- |Uba da 'Da |2015 | | |- |Baya da Kura |2015 | | |- |Ba'asi |2015 | | |- |Sallamar So |2015 | | |- |Kurman Allo |2015 | | |- |Nasibi |2015 | | |- |Hanyar Kano |2014 | | |- |Sirrin Da Ke Raina |2014 | | |- |Mai Dalilin Aure (Match Maker) |2014 | | |- |Jinin Jiki Na |2014 | | |- |Garbati |2014 | | |- |'Ya daga Allah |2014 | | |- |Idan Hakane |2014 | | |- |Kanin Miji |2014 | | |- |Mati da Lado |2014 | | |- |Sai a Lahira |2014 | | |- |Munafikin Mata |2014 | | |- |Duniyar Nan |2014 | | |- |So Aljannar Duniya |2014 | | |- |Hujja |2014 | | |- |Hakkin Miji |2014 | | |- |Andamali |2013 | | |- |Dakin Amarya |2013 | | |- |Nadawo Gareki |2013 | | |- |Wani Gari |2013 | | |- |Da Kishiyar Gida |2013 | | |- |Haske |2013 | | |- |Lamiraj |2013 | | |- |Jarumin Maza |2013 | | |- |Fari Da Baki |2013 | | |- |Zuri'a |2013 | | |- |Mai Jego |2013 | | |- |Mai Farin Jini |2013 | | |- |Halisa |2013 | | |- |Matar Jami'a |2013 | | |- |Kudi A Duhu |2013 | | |- |Madubin Dubawa |2012 | | |- |Gani Gaka |2012 | | |- |Wani Hanin |2012 | | |- |Kudi A Duhu |2012 | | |- |Son Zuciya |2012 | | |- |Dan Marayan Zaki |2012 | | |- |Kara da Kiyashi |2012 | | |- |Rai Dai |2012 | | |- |Hubbi |2012 | | |- |Bazan Barki Ba |2012 | | |- |Son Mai So |2012 | | |- |Blood and Henna |2012 | | |- |Maza Da Mata |2012 | | |- |Noor (The Light) |2012 | | |- |Talatu |2012 | | |- |Kona Gari |2012 | | |- |Adamsy |2011 | | |- |Alhaki Kwikwiyo |2011 | | |- |Armala |2011 | | |- |Malika |2011 | | |- |Tsaraba |2011 | | |- |Mutallab |2011 | | |- |Mai Zamani |2011 | | |- |Jaraba |2011 | | |- |Ke Duniya |2011 | | |- |Toron Giwa |2011 | | |- |Fisabilillahi |2011 | | |- |Muradi |2011 | | |- |Rai Da Buri |2011 | | |- |Ankwa |2011 | | |- |'Yan Mata |2010 | | |- |Mai Ladabi |2010 | | |- |Sarauta |2010 | | |- |Kukan Zaki (the Lion’s Cry) |2010 | | |- |Balaraba |2010 | | |- |Ladidin Baba |2010 | | |- |Dan Sarki |2010 | | |- |Sai Wata Rana |2010 | | |- |Wasila |2010 | | |- |Artabu (A Mazauna) |2009 | | |- |Dijangala |2008 | | |- |Hafsah |2007 | | |- |Bana Bakwai |2007 | | |- |Sabon Sarki |2006 | | |- |Jamhuriya |2005 | | |- |Taurari |2005 | | |- |Gwamnati |2003 | | |- |zero hour |2020 | | |} == Bada umarni == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" ! Shekara ! Suna ! Matsayi ! Salo ! Kamfanin daya shirya |- | 2007 |''Sitanda'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2011 |''Carbin Kwai'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2012 |''Madubin Dubawa'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2012 |''Last Flight to Abuja'' | Jarumi | Wasa | Nollywood Film Factory |- | 2013 |''Blood and Henna'' | Jarumi | Wasa | Newage Networks |- | 2013 |''Confusion Na Wa'' | Jarumi | Was | Cinema KpataKpata |- | 2013 |''Wani Hanin'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2014 |''Matan Gida'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2015 |''Jinin Jikina'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2016 |''Nasibi'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2016 |''Ojukokoro'' | Jarumi | Wasa | Singularity Media |- | 2017 |''Banana Island Ghost'' | Jarumi | Wasa |Allura cikin ruwa |}Shekara ta 2024 == Lamban girma == Ali Nuhu yana daga cikin jaruman fina-finan Hausa wadanda ke gaba-gaba wajen samun gagarumar nasarori a masana'antar ta Kannywood dama ta mutanen kudancin Najeriya wato [[Nollywood]]. Anan zamu kawo maku wasu daga cikin kyaututtukan da Ali Nuhu ya samu a harkar sa ta shirya fina-finai.<ref name="Ali15">{{cite web|title=Sharia Affected Cinema Culture In Northern Nigeria – Nuhu|url=http://leadership.ng/2017/06/18/sharia-affected-cinema-culture-northern-nigeria-nuhu/|website=leadership.ng|publisher=[[Leadership (Nigeria)|Leadership Newspaper]]|access-date=13 October 2017|archive-date=13 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013174903/http://leadership.ng/2017/06/18/sharia-affected-cinema-culture-northern-nigeria-nuhu/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ali-nuhu-honoured-with-doctorate-by-cotonou-university.html|title=Ali Nuhu honoured with Doctorate by Cotonou University – Daily Trust|date=2018-10-10|work=Daily Trust|access-date=2018-10-11|language=en-GB|archive-date=2018-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010172458/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ali-nuhu-honoured-with-doctorate-by-cotonou-university.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+ !Shekara !Kyauta !Rukuni !Sakamako |- !2005 |Arewa Films Award |Best Actor | |- !2007 |3rd Africa Movie Academy Awards |Best Upcoming Actor award |{{Nasara}} |- !2008 |The Future Award |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2011 |Zulu African Film Academy Awards |Best Actor ''(Indigenous)'' | |- !2012 |2012 Best of Nollywood Awards |Best Actor ''(Hausa)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2013 |9th Africa Movie Academy Awards |Best Supporting Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2013 |2013 Nigeria Entertainment Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2013 |2013 Best of Nollywood Awards |Best Actor ''(Hausa)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2013 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Face |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |Kannywood Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership Awards |Best Artiste |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |City People Entertainment Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Face |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |Arewa Music and Movie Awards |Pride of Kannywood |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |Arewa Music and Movie Awards |Best Actor ''(Popular)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2015 |19th African Film Awards |Most Outstanding Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2015 |2015 Best of Nollywood Award |Best Actor (Hausa) |{{Nasara}} |- !2015 |2015 Kannywood Awards |Best Actor ''(Popular)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2015 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Personality |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |2016 Best of Nollywood Awards |Best Actor ''(Hausa)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |Arewa Music and Movie Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |Kannywood Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Face |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |Arewa|Arewa Creative Industry Awards |Entertainment Award |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |Wazobia FM’s COWA Awards |Excellent Entertainer |{{Nasara}} |- !2017 |Northern Nigeria Peace Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2017 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Face |{{Nasara}} |- !2017 |City People Entertainment Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2017 |2017 Best of Nollywood Awards |Special Recognition Award |An dakatar |} == Hotuna == [[File:Ali Nuhu at AMVCA 2020 2.jpg|thumb]]Ali Nuhu <gallery mode="packed-overlay" heights="140" caption="Hotunan Ali Nuhu a lokacin shirin fim"> File:Ali Nuhu at AMVCA 2020.jpg|Ali Nuhu a lokacin karban lamban girma </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} <references/> [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Category:Maza yan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1974]] == Rayuwar shi ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Ali Nuhu Mohammed a [[Maiduguri]], [[Borno|Jihar Borno]], dake Najeriya . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2022-03-19 |title=Kannywood to Nollywood: Ali Nuhu, Rahama Sadau, other Northern actors bridging the gap |url=https://dailytrust.com/kannywood-to-nollywood-ali-nuhu-rahama-sadau-other-northern-actors-bridging-the-gap |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=Daily Trust |language=en |archive-date=2025-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250901205248/https://dailytrust.com/kannywood-to-nollywood-ali-nuhu-rahama-sadau-other-northern-actors-bridging-the-gap |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mahaifinsa, Nuhu Poloma, ya fito ne daga [[Balanga (Nijeriya)|Balanga]] dake [[Gombe (jiha)|Jihar Gombe]] a Nigeria kuma mahaifiyarsa Fatima Karderam Digema, ta fito ne daga [[Bama]] a Jihar Borno. Ya girma a [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] kuma ya halarci [[Dawakin Tofa Science College|Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Dawakin Tofa]] . Ali nuhu Ya sami digiri a fannin ilimin ƙasa daga [[Jami'ar Jos]] . Bayan ya yi aiki a cikin Ƙungiyar Matasa ta Kasa na shekara guda a [[Ibadan]], ya kuma ɗauki darussan fim daga Kwalejin Fim da Talabijin ta Asiya a [[Delhi]]. == __LEAD_SECTION__ == '''Ali Nuhu Mohammed''' ({{Pronunciation|Ha-Ali Nuhu Mohammed.ogg|help=no}}; an haife shi a ranar 15 ga watan Maris na shekara 1974 ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne a Najeriya wanda ke aiki a matsayin manajan darektan [[Nigerian Film Corporation|Kamfanin Fim na Najeriya]] tun daga watan Janairun shekara ta 2024. Ya auri Maimuna Garba a shekara ta 2003, ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya 2.<ref name="Ali">{{Cite web |date=9 January 2016 |title=Ali Nuhu returns to school |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/196476-kannywood-ali-nuhu-returns-to-school.html |access-date=13 October 2017 |website=premiumtimesng.com |publisher=Premium Times}}</ref> Ya bayyana a fina-finai na Hausa da Ingilishi kuma galibi ana daukar shi a matsayin "sarkin [[kannywood]]". <ref name="Ali7">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2015 |title=Ali Nuhu, Adam Zango, others win awards in London |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/193176-ali-nuhu-adam-zango-others-win-awards-in-london.html |access-date=13 October 2017 |website=premiumtimesng.com |publisher=Premium Times}}</ref> <ref name="Ali4">{{Cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Cherie Noodles unveils Ali Nuhu, Aishat Aliyu Tsamiya as Brand Ambassadors |url=https://guardian.ng/features/cherie-noodles-unveils-ali-nuhu-aishat-aliyu-tsamiya-as-brand-ambassadors/ |access-date=13 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="Ali5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2015 |title=An karrama Ali Nuhu da Adam Zango a London |url=http://www.bbc.com/hausa/news/2015/11/151114_alinuhu_adamzango_london_awards |access-date=13 October 2017 |website=bbc.com/hausa |publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Behind The Scenes With Nigerian Filmmaker Ali Nuhu |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/behind-the-scenes-with-nigerian-filmmaker-ali-nuhu/6436875.html |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=Voice of America}}</ref> Nuhu an dauke shi daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da suka fi tasiri a kowane lokaci a cikin fina-finai na Hausa. An bayyana shi a matsayin dan wasan fim na Hausa mafi sha hara a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agu |first=Zain |date=2018-12-28 |title=Who is the richest man in Hausa film? |url=https://www.legit.ng/1210870-who-richest-man-hausa-film.html |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=Legit.ng |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == igvlsoqk780aj1nxa1arkw7osj7urzr 821085 821084 2026-04-14T09:47:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 821085 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Ali Nuhu at AMVCA 2020.jpg|thumb|dan wasan kwaikwayo ]] {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Iron rod Gate.jpg|thumb|dan wasan kwaikwayo ]] '''''Ali Nuhu Mohammed''''' An haifi Ali Nuhu a ranar 15 ga watan Maris na shekarar (1974) a garin [[Maiduguri]] dake [[Borno|Jihar Borno.]] Ya girma a jihar [[Kano|Kano,]] mahaifinsa kuma dan Balanga ne a [[jihar Gombe]] dake ([[Arewacin Najeriya]]).<ref>Ali Nuhu returns to school". ''premiumtimesng.com''. Premium Times. 9 January 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2017</ref> Ali Nuhu ya fito daga kabilar Tangale Waja, cikakken sunan mahaifinsa shine Nuhu Poloma wanda dan asalin jihar Gombe ne. Ali Nuhu ya girma ne a hannun mahaifiyar sa a jihar Kano, mahaifiyar sa ta rasu a shekarar alif da dari tara da casa'in da tara (1999) miladiyya . Shi kuma mahaifinsa ya rasu a shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin (2020). Ali Nuhu jarumine a harkar fina-finai, sannan marubucine, mai bada umarni kuma furodusa ne a masana,antar shirya fina-finai ta [[kannywood]] da [[Nollywood]]. Sannan kuma wasu lokutan ya kan yi rawa a wasu fina-finai. Ali Nuhu yana fina-finan sa cikin harshen Hausa da turanci, sannan kuma yana cikin manyan jaruman da suka kafa masana'antar shirya finafinai ta [[kannywood]]. Shekarun sa 51 a shekarar 2025, ya kuma karanci geography a jami'ar Jos wato ''University of Jos'' a turance. Mutane suna masa inkiya da "sarki Ali Nuhu" (King of kannywood), wanda aƙalla zuwa yanzu ya fito a fina-finai sama da dari biyar (500+) wanda ya samu lambobin yabo da dama. Ko a shekara ta 2023 sai da ya samu lambar yabo ta "Best actor award in the Nollywood Europe Golden Award (NEGA a shekarar 2023)". Ali Nuhu ya fara harkar fim tun a shekarar alif da dari tara da casa'in da tara (1999) miladiyya wato shekarar da mahaifiyar sa ta rasu da wani fim mai taken "ABIN SIRRI NE" ya kuma fito a finafinan masana'antar shirya finafinai ta kudanci [[najeriya]] [[NOLLYWOOD]] irin su Tout too, The Ghost, The Millions and Diamonds in the Sky, da dai sauransu. Jarumin yana da mata ɗaya da yara biyu (2) Ahmad da fatima. [[Fayil:Ali Nuhu at AMVCA 2020 2.jpg|thumb|ali nuhu]] A shekarar 2024 shugaban ƙasar Najeriya, Bola Ahmed Tinubu ya naɗa shi a matsayin shugaban masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya gaba daya. [https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100084695837531 Alh Abdoul Embesey ii] == Farkon rayuwa == An haifi Ali Nuhu Muhammad a birnin [[Maiduguri|Maiduguri, jihar Borno]], a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Mahaifinsa [[Nuhu Poloma]] daga Balanga gari Jihar Gombe dake a Arewacin Najeriya da mahaifiyarsa mai suna Fatima Karderam Digema daga Bama gidan gwamnatin jihar Borno. Ya girma a [[Jos]] da [[Kano#Tarihin%20Kano|Kano]].<ref name="Ali9">{{cite web|title=Yanzu Jama'a Sun Fara Fahimta Da Rungumar Ayyukanmu-In Ji Jarumi Ali Nuhu|url=https://www.voahausa.com/a/a-39-2005-08-06-voa1-91733284/1370189.html|website=voahausa.com|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|access-date=13 October 2017}}</ref> == Aure == Ali Nuhu yana da mata daya da Yara guda biyu, Ahmad Ali nuhu da Fatima Ali nuhu. == Ilimi == Ali ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Jos, Bayan karatun sakandare, ya sami digiri na farko a fannin ilimin na [[fasaha]] daga Jami'ar Jos. Yayi bautar [[kasa]] a [[Ibadan]] da ke jihar [[Oyo]]. Daga baya ya halarci Jami'ar Kudancin [[Kalifoniya]] don yayi kwas a fagen shirya fina-finai da fasahar [[sinima]].<ref>https://www.voahausa.com/a/a-39-2005-08-06-voa1-91733284/1370189.html</ref> == Sana'a == Ali Nuhu ya fara fitowa a fim ne a shekarar ta 1999 mai suna “Abin sirri ne”. An fi saninsa da rawar da yake takawa a "Sangaya" wanda ya zama ɗayan Fina-finan Hausa da suka fi samun kudi a lokacin. Ali Nuhu ya fito a fina-finai da dama, wadanda suka haɗa da Azal, Jarumin Maza, da Stinda a matsayin fitaccen Jarumi a wajen bayar da gudummuwa a yayin bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na African Movie Academy a (shekara ta 2007). A shekarar ta 2019, Ali Nuhu ya yi bikin cikarsa shekaru 20 a masana'antar nishaɗantarwa. Ya fito a fina-finai kusan dari biyar (500).<ref name="PT">{{cite web|title=Ali Nuhu celebrates 20 years in Kannywood|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/305949-ali-nuhu-celebrates-20-years-in-kannywood.html|date=15 January 2019|newspaper=Premium Times|first=Mohammed|last=Lere|access-date=25 November 2019}}</ref> === Shugaban Hukumar Fina-finai ta Najeriya === A shekarar 2024 shugaban Najeriya [[Bola Tinubu]] ya nada shi a matsayin shugaban hukumar kula da fina-finai ta Najeriya.<ref>[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/01/breaking-tinubu-appoints-kannywood-actor-ali-nuhu-md-of-film-corporation/ Tinubu appoints Kannywood actor Ali Nuhu MD of Film Corporation]</ref> == Mabiya == inda akayi ittifaki akan yana da mabiya a [[Twitter]] sama da mutane dubu dari da arba'in 140,000 da kuma mabiya a [[Facebook]] sama da mutane dubu uku 3,000,000 da kuma wasu a shafin [[Instagram]] sama da milyan mutane dubu dari 1,000,000.<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/305949-ali-nuhu-celebrates-20-years-in-kannywood.html</ref><ref>https://www.legit.ng/1216404-ali-nuhus-biography-family-career.html</ref> == Fina finai a Kannywood == ('''BT''') na nufin Ba Tabbas, ma'ana babu tabbacin kwanan wata da shekarar da fim din ya fita. Yayin da akwai wasu kuma da ake da tabbacin kwanan watan fitar su. {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+ !Fim !↑ Shekara !Fim !Shekara |- |Abaya |BT |Alhini |BT |- |Abin Sirri Ne |1998 |Ali |BT |- |Alhini |BT |Alkebba |BT |- |Ali |BT | | |- |Alkebba |BT | | |- |Ambato |BT | | |- |Aska Tara |BT | | |- |Zuwa Da Kai |BT | | |- |Uwar Miji |BT | | |- |'Ya 'Ya Na |BT | | |- |Ina Miji Na? |BT | | |- |Gambiza |BT | | |- |Namijin Duniya |BT | | |- |Dama da Hauni |BT | | |- |Ga Fili Ga Mai Doki |BT | | |- |Masu Aji |BT | | |- |Zo Mu Zauna |BT | | |- |Mashi |2003 | | |- |Gida da Waje |BT | | |- |Yanayi |BT | | |- |Farin Wata |BT | | |- |Sakayya |1998 | | |- |Harafin So |BT | | |- |Zuciya Ko Ruhi |BT | | |- |Sangaya |2000 | | |- |JIGAL |2002 | | |- |Bashin Gaba |BT | | |- |Mai Gadon Zinare |BT | | |- |Ragowar Yaki |BT | | |- |Kishin Mata |BT | | |- |Jurwaye |BT | | |- |Fitilar Dare |BT | | |- |Rana da Wata |BT | | |- |Umarnin Uwa |BT | | |- |Gadan Ga |BT | | |- |Sabon Shafi |BT | | |- |Hawan Girma |BT | | |- |Khalid |BT | | |- |Maraichi |BT | | |- |Har Abada |BT | | |- |Qiyasi |BT | | |- |Shamsiyya |BT | | |- |Tawakkali |BT | | |- |Raliya |BT | | |- |Maryam Diyana |BT | | |- |Rawani |BT | | |- |Ban Ga Masoyi Ba |BT | | |- |Gidan Iko |BT | | |- |Zamba |BT | | |- |Kamilalla |BT | | |- |Nazari |BT | | |- |Garinmu da Zafi (Dawo-Dawo) |BT | | |- |Bilal |BT | | |- |Mujadala |BT | | |- |Bahaushiya |BT | | |- |Rariya |2017 | | |- |Dangin Miji |2017 | | |- |Ba Tabbas |2017 | | |- |Mansoor |2017 | | |- |Zuciya Da Hawaye |2017 | | |- |Wacece Sarauniya? |2017 | | |- |Jarumta |2016 | | |- |Mu'amalat |2016 | | |- |Dattijo |2016 | | |- |Shinaz |2016 | | |- |Igiyar Zato |2016 | | |- |Halacci |2015 | | |- |'Yar Tasha |2015 | | |- |Wutar Gaba |2015 | | |- |Bani Bake |2015 | | |- |Gamu Nan Dai |2015 | | |- |Uba da 'Da |2015 | | |- |Baya da Kura |2015 | | |- |Ba'asi |2015 | | |- |Sallamar So |2015 | | |- |Kurman Allo |2015 | | |- |Nasibi |2015 | | |- |Hanyar Kano |2014 | | |- |Sirrin Da Ke Raina |2014 | | |- |Mai Dalilin Aure (Match Maker) |2014 | | |- |Jinin Jiki Na |2014 | | |- |Garbati |2014 | | |- |'Ya daga Allah |2014 | | |- |Idan Hakane |2014 | | |- |Kanin Miji |2014 | | |- |Mati da Lado |2014 | | |- |Sai a Lahira |2014 | | |- |Munafikin Mata |2014 | | |- |Duniyar Nan |2014 | | |- |So Aljannar Duniya |2014 | | |- |Hujja |2014 | | |- |Hakkin Miji |2014 | | |- |Andamali |2013 | | |- |Dakin Amarya |2013 | | |- |Nadawo Gareki |2013 | | |- |Wani Gari |2013 | | |- |Da Kishiyar Gida |2013 | | |- |Haske |2013 | | |- |Lamiraj |2013 | | |- |Jarumin Maza |2013 | | |- |Fari Da Baki |2013 | | |- |Zuri'a |2013 | | |- |Mai Jego |2013 | | |- |Mai Farin Jini |2013 | | |- |Halisa |2013 | | |- |Matar Jami'a |2013 | | |- |Kudi A Duhu |2013 | | |- |Madubin Dubawa |2012 | | |- |Gani Gaka |2012 | | |- |Wani Hanin |2012 | | |- |Kudi A Duhu |2012 | | |- |Son Zuciya |2012 | | |- |Dan Marayan Zaki |2012 | | |- |Kara da Kiyashi |2012 | | |- |Rai Dai |2012 | | |- |Hubbi |2012 | | |- |Bazan Barki Ba |2012 | | |- |Son Mai So |2012 | | |- |Blood and Henna |2012 | | |- |Maza Da Mata |2012 | | |- |Noor (The Light) |2012 | | |- |Talatu |2012 | | |- |Kona Gari |2012 | | |- |Adamsy |2011 | | |- |Alhaki Kwikwiyo |2011 | | |- |Armala |2011 | | |- |Malika |2011 | | |- |Tsaraba |2011 | | |- |Mutallab |2011 | | |- |Mai Zamani |2011 | | |- |Jaraba |2011 | | |- |Ke Duniya |2011 | | |- |Toron Giwa |2011 | | |- |Fisabilillahi |2011 | | |- |Muradi |2011 | | |- |Rai Da Buri |2011 | | |- |Ankwa |2011 | | |- |'Yan Mata |2010 | | |- |Mai Ladabi |2010 | | |- |Sarauta |2010 | | |- |Kukan Zaki (the Lion’s Cry) |2010 | | |- |Balaraba |2010 | | |- |Ladidin Baba |2010 | | |- |Dan Sarki |2010 | | |- |Sai Wata Rana |2010 | | |- |Wasila |2010 | | |- |Artabu (A Mazauna) |2009 | | |- |Dijangala |2008 | | |- |Hafsah |2007 | | |- |Bana Bakwai |2007 | | |- |Sabon Sarki |2006 | | |- |Jamhuriya |2005 | | |- |Taurari |2005 | | |- |Gwamnati |2003 | | |- |zero hour |2020 | | |} == Bada umarni == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" ! Shekara ! Suna ! Matsayi ! Salo ! Kamfanin daya shirya |- | 2007 |''Sitanda'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2011 |''Carbin Kwai'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2012 |''Madubin Dubawa'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2012 |''Last Flight to Abuja'' | Jarumi | Wasa | Nollywood Film Factory |- | 2013 |''Blood and Henna'' | Jarumi | Wasa | Newage Networks |- | 2013 |''Confusion Na Wa'' | Jarumi | Was | Cinema KpataKpata |- | 2013 |''Wani Hanin'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2014 |''Matan Gida'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2015 |''Jinin Jikina'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2016 |''Nasibi'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2016 |''Ojukokoro'' | Jarumi | Wasa | Singularity Media |- | 2017 |''Banana Island Ghost'' | Jarumi | Wasa |Allura cikin ruwa |}Shekara ta 2024 == Lamban girma == Ali Nuhu yana daga cikin jaruman fina-finan Hausa wadanda ke gaba-gaba wajen samun gagarumar nasarori a masana'antar ta Kannywood dama ta mutanen kudancin Najeriya wato [[Nollywood]]. Anan zamu kawo maku wasu daga cikin kyaututtukan da Ali Nuhu ya samu a harkar sa ta shirya fina-finai.<ref name="Ali15">{{cite web|title=Sharia Affected Cinema Culture In Northern Nigeria – Nuhu|url=http://leadership.ng/2017/06/18/sharia-affected-cinema-culture-northern-nigeria-nuhu/|website=leadership.ng|publisher=[[Leadership (Nigeria)|Leadership Newspaper]]|access-date=13 October 2017|archive-date=13 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013174903/http://leadership.ng/2017/06/18/sharia-affected-cinema-culture-northern-nigeria-nuhu/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ali-nuhu-honoured-with-doctorate-by-cotonou-university.html|title=Ali Nuhu honoured with Doctorate by Cotonou University – Daily Trust|date=2018-10-10|work=Daily Trust|access-date=2018-10-11|language=en-GB|archive-date=2018-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010172458/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ali-nuhu-honoured-with-doctorate-by-cotonou-university.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+ !Shekara !Kyauta !Rukuni !Sakamako |- !2005 |Arewa Films Award |Best Actor | |- !2007 |3rd Africa Movie Academy Awards |Best Upcoming Actor award |{{Nasara}} |- !2008 |The Future Award |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2011 |Zulu African Film Academy Awards |Best Actor ''(Indigenous)'' | |- !2012 |2012 Best of Nollywood Awards |Best Actor ''(Hausa)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2013 |9th Africa Movie Academy Awards |Best Supporting Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2013 |2013 Nigeria Entertainment Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2013 |2013 Best of Nollywood Awards |Best Actor ''(Hausa)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2013 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Face |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |Kannywood Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership Awards |Best Artiste |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |City People Entertainment Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Face |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |Arewa Music and Movie Awards |Pride of Kannywood |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |Arewa Music and Movie Awards |Best Actor ''(Popular)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2015 |19th African Film Awards |Most Outstanding Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2015 |2015 Best of Nollywood Award |Best Actor (Hausa) |{{Nasara}} |- !2015 |2015 Kannywood Awards |Best Actor ''(Popular)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2015 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Personality |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |2016 Best of Nollywood Awards |Best Actor ''(Hausa)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |Arewa Music and Movie Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |Kannywood Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Face |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |Arewa|Arewa Creative Industry Awards |Entertainment Award |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |Wazobia FM’s COWA Awards |Excellent Entertainer |{{Nasara}} |- !2017 |Northern Nigeria Peace Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2017 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Face |{{Nasara}} |- !2017 |City People Entertainment Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2017 |2017 Best of Nollywood Awards |Special Recognition Award |An dakatar |} == Hotuna == [[File:Ali Nuhu at AMVCA 2020 2.jpg|thumb]]Ali Nuhu <gallery mode="packed-overlay" heights="140" caption="Hotunan Ali Nuhu a lokacin shirin fim"> File:Ali Nuhu at AMVCA 2020.jpg|Ali Nuhu a lokacin karban lamban girma </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} <references/> [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Category:Maza yan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1974]] == Rayuwar shi ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Ali Nuhu Mohammed a [[Maiduguri]], [[Borno|Jihar Borno]], dake Najeriya . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2022-03-19 |title=Kannywood to Nollywood: Ali Nuhu, Rahama Sadau, other Northern actors bridging the gap |url=https://dailytrust.com/kannywood-to-nollywood-ali-nuhu-rahama-sadau-other-northern-actors-bridging-the-gap |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=Daily Trust |language=en |archive-date=2025-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250901205248/https://dailytrust.com/kannywood-to-nollywood-ali-nuhu-rahama-sadau-other-northern-actors-bridging-the-gap |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mahaifinsa, Nuhu Poloma, ya fito ne daga [[Balanga (Nijeriya)|Balanga]] dake [[Gombe (jiha)|Jihar Gombe]] a Nigeria kuma mahaifiyarsa Fatima Karderam Digema, ta fito ne daga [[Bama]] a Jihar Borno. Ya girma a [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] kuma ya halarci [[Dawakin Tofa Science College|Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Dawakin Tofa]] . Ali nuhu Ya sami digiri a fannin ilimin ƙasa daga [[Jami'ar Jos]] . Bayan ya yi aiki a cikin Ƙungiyar Matasa ta Kasa na shekara guda a [[Ibadan]], ya kuma ɗauki darussan fim daga Kwalejin Fim da Talabijin ta Asiya a [[Delhi]]. == __LEAD_SECTION__ == '''Ali Nuhu Mohammed''' ({{Pronunciation|Ha-Ali Nuhu Mohammed.ogg|help=no}}; an haife shi a ranar 15 ga watan Maris na shekara 1974 ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne a Najeriya wanda ke aiki a matsayin manajan darektan [[Nigerian Film Corporation|Kamfanin Fim na Najeriya]] tun daga watan Janairun shekara ta 2024. Ya auri Maimuna Garba a shekara ta 2003, ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya 2.<ref name="Ali">{{Cite web |date=9 January 2016 |title=Ali Nuhu returns to school |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/196476-kannywood-ali-nuhu-returns-to-school.html |access-date=13 October 2017 |website=premiumtimesng.com |publisher=Premium Times}}</ref> Ya bayyana a fina-finai na Hausa da Ingilishi kuma galibi ana daukar shi a matsayin "sarkin [[kannywood]]". <ref name="Ali7">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2015 |title=Ali Nuhu, Adam Zango, others win awards in London |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/193176-ali-nuhu-adam-zango-others-win-awards-in-london.html |access-date=13 October 2017 |website=premiumtimesng.com |publisher=Premium Times}}</ref> <ref name="Ali4">{{Cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Cherie Noodles unveils Ali Nuhu, Aishat Aliyu Tsamiya as Brand Ambassadors |url=https://guardian.ng/features/cherie-noodles-unveils-ali-nuhu-aishat-aliyu-tsamiya-as-brand-ambassadors/ |access-date=13 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="Ali5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2015 |title=An karrama Ali Nuhu da Adam Zango a London |url=http://www.bbc.com/hausa/news/2015/11/151114_alinuhu_adamzango_london_awards |access-date=13 October 2017 |website=bbc.com/hausa |publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Behind The Scenes With Nigerian Filmmaker Ali Nuhu |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/behind-the-scenes-with-nigerian-filmmaker-ali-nuhu/6436875.html |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=Voice of America}}</ref> Nuhu an dauke shi daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da suka fi tasiri a kowane lokaci a cikin fina-finai na Hausa. An bayyana shi a matsayin dan wasan fim na Hausa mafi sha hara a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agu |first=Zain |date=2018-12-28 |title=Who is the richest man in Hausa film? |url=https://www.legit.ng/1210870-who-richest-man-hausa-film.html |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=Legit.ng |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == 5y31jwg7bferzswnev1g7pmidpjraqe 821086 821085 2026-04-14T09:48:12Z Pharouqenr 25549 821086 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Ali Nuhu at AMVCA 2020.jpg|thumb|dan wasan kwaikwayo ]] {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Iron rod Gate.jpg|thumb|dan wasan kwaikwayo ]] '''''Ali Nuhu Mohammed''''' An haifi Ali Nuhu a ranar 15 ga watan Maris na shekarar (1974) a garin [[Maiduguri]] dake [[Borno|Jihar Borno.]] Ya girma a jihar [[Kano|Kano,]] mahaifinsa kuma dan Balanga ne a [[jihar Gombe]] dake ([[Arewacin Najeriya]]).<ref>Ali Nuhu returns to school". ''premiumtimesng.com''. Premium Times. 9 January 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2017</ref> Ali Nuhu ya fito daga kabilar Tangale Waja, cikakken sunan mahaifinsa shine Nuhu Poloma wanda dan asalin jihar Gombe ne. Ali Nuhu ya girma ne a hannun mahaifiyar sa a jihar Kano, mahaifiyar sa ta rasu a shekarar alif da dari tara da casa'in da tara (1999) miladiyya . Shi kuma mahaifinsa ya rasu a shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin (2020). Ali Nuhu jarumine a harkar fina-finai, sannan marubucine, mai bada umarni kuma furodusa ne a masana,antar shirya fina-finai ta [[kannywood]] da [[Nollywood]]. Sannan kuma wasu lokutan ya kan yi rawa a wasu fina-finai. Ali Nuhu yana fina-finan sa cikin harshen Hausa da turanci, sannan kuma yana cikin manyan jaruman da suka kafa masana'antar shirya finafinai ta [[kannywood]]. Shekarun sa 51 a shekarar 2025, ya kuma karanci geography a jami'ar Jos wato ''University of Jos'' a turance. Mutane suna masa inkiya da "sarki Ali Nuhu" (King of kannywood), wanda aƙalla zuwa yanzu ya fito a fina-finai sama da dari biyar (500+) wanda ya samu lambobin yabo da dama. Ko a shekara ta 2023 sai da ya samu lambar yabo ta "Best actor award in the Nollywood Europe Golden Award (NEGA a shekarar 2023)". Ali Nuhu ya fara harkar fim tun a shekarar alif da dari tara da casa'in da tara (1999) miladiyya wato shekarar da mahaifiyar sa ta rasu da wani fim mai taken "ABIN SIRRI NE" ya kuma fito a finafinan masana'antar shirya finafinai ta kudanci [[najeriya]] [[NOLLYWOOD]] irin su Tout too, The Ghost, The Millions and Diamonds in the Sky, da dai sauransu. Jarumin yana da mata ɗaya da yara biyu (2) Ahmad da fatima. [[Fayil:Ali Nuhu at AMVCA 2020 2.jpg|thumb|ali nuhu]] A shekarar 2024 shugaban ƙasar Najeriya, Bola Ahmed Tinubu ya naɗa shi a matsayin shugaban masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya gaba daya. [https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100084695837531 Alh Abdoul Embesey ii] == Farkon rayuwa == An haifi Ali Nuhu Muhammad a birnin [[Maiduguri|Maiduguri, jihar Borno]], a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Mahaifinsa [[Nuhu Poloma]] daga Balanga gari Jihar Gombe dake a Arewacin Najeriya da mahaifiyarsa mai suna Fatima Karderam Digema daga Bama gidan gwamnatin jihar Borno. Ya girma a [[Jos]] da [[Kano#Tarihin%20Kano|Kano]].<ref name="Ali9">{{cite web|title=Yanzu Jama'a Sun Fara Fahimta Da Rungumar Ayyukanmu-In Ji Jarumi Ali Nuhu|url=https://www.voahausa.com/a/a-39-2005-08-06-voa1-91733284/1370189.html|website=voahausa.com|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|access-date=13 October 2017}}</ref> == Aure == Ali Nuhu yana da mata daya da Yara guda biyu, Ahmad Ali nuhu da Fatima Ali nuhu. == Ilimi == Ali ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Jos, Bayan karatun sakandare, ya sami digiri na farko a fannin ilimin na [[fasaha]] daga Jami'ar Jos. Yayi bautar [[kasa]] a [[Ibadan]] da ke jihar [[Oyo]]. Daga baya ya halarci Jami'ar Kudancin [[Kalifoniya]] don yayi kwas a fagen shirya fina-finai da fasahar [[sinima]].<ref>https://www.voahausa.com/a/a-39-2005-08-06-voa1-91733284/1370189.html</ref> == Sana'a == Ali Nuhu ya fara fitowa a fim ne a shekarar ta 1999 mai suna “Abin sirri ne”. An fi saninsa da rawar da yake takawa a "Sangaya" wanda ya zama ɗayan Fina-finan Hausa da suka fi samun kudi a lokacin. Ali Nuhu ya fito a fina-finai da dama, wadanda suka haɗa da Azal, Jarumin Maza, da Stinda a matsayin fitaccen Jarumi a wajen bayar da gudummuwa a yayin bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na African Movie Academy a (shekara ta 2007). A shekarar ta 2019, Ali Nuhu ya yi bikin cikarsa shekaru 20 a masana'antar nishaɗantarwa. Ya fito a fina-finai kusan dari biyar (500).<ref name="PT">{{cite web|title=Ali Nuhu celebrates 20 years in Kannywood|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/305949-ali-nuhu-celebrates-20-years-in-kannywood.html|date=15 January 2019|newspaper=Premium Times|first=Mohammed|last=Lere|access-date=25 November 2019}}</ref> === Shugaban Hukumar Fina-finai ta Najeriya === A shekarar 2024 shugaban Najeriya [[Bola Tinubu]] ya nada shi a matsayin shugaban hukumar kula da fina-finai ta [[Najeriya]].<ref>[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/01/breaking-tinubu-appoints-kannywood-actor-ali-nuhu-md-of-film-corporation/ Tinubu appoints Kannywood actor Ali Nuhu MD of Film Corporation]</ref> == Mabiya == inda akayi ittifaki akan yana da mabiya a [[Twitter]] sama da mutane dubu dari da arba'in 140,000 da kuma mabiya a [[Facebook]] sama da mutane dubu uku 3,000,000 da kuma wasu a shafin [[Instagram]] sama da milyan mutane dubu dari 1,000,000.<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/305949-ali-nuhu-celebrates-20-years-in-kannywood.html</ref><ref>https://www.legit.ng/1216404-ali-nuhus-biography-family-career.html</ref> == Fina finai a Kannywood == ('''BT''') na nufin Ba Tabbas, ma'ana babu tabbacin kwanan wata da shekarar da fim din ya fita. Yayin da akwai wasu kuma da ake da tabbacin kwanan watan fitar su. {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+ !Fim !↑ Shekara !Fim !Shekara |- |Abaya |BT |Alhini |BT |- |Abin Sirri Ne |1998 |Ali |BT |- |Alhini |BT |Alkebba |BT |- |Ali |BT | | |- |Alkebba |BT | | |- |Ambato |BT | | |- |Aska Tara |BT | | |- |Zuwa Da Kai |BT | | |- |Uwar Miji |BT | | |- |'Ya 'Ya Na |BT | | |- |Ina Miji Na? |BT | | |- |Gambiza |BT | | |- |Namijin Duniya |BT | | |- |Dama da Hauni |BT | | |- |Ga Fili Ga Mai Doki |BT | | |- |Masu Aji |BT | | |- |Zo Mu Zauna |BT | | |- |Mashi |2003 | | |- |Gida da Waje |BT | | |- |Yanayi |BT | | |- |Farin Wata |BT | | |- |Sakayya |1998 | | |- |Harafin So |BT | | |- |Zuciya Ko Ruhi |BT | | |- |Sangaya |2000 | | |- |JIGAL |2002 | | |- |Bashin Gaba |BT | | |- |Mai Gadon Zinare |BT | | |- |Ragowar Yaki |BT | | |- |Kishin Mata |BT | | |- |Jurwaye |BT | | |- |Fitilar Dare |BT | | |- |Rana da Wata |BT | | |- |Umarnin Uwa |BT | | |- |Gadan Ga |BT | | |- |Sabon Shafi |BT | | |- |Hawan Girma |BT | | |- |Khalid |BT | | |- |Maraichi |BT | | |- |Har Abada |BT | | |- |Qiyasi |BT | | |- |Shamsiyya |BT | | |- |Tawakkali |BT | | |- |Raliya |BT | | |- |Maryam Diyana |BT | | |- |Rawani |BT | | |- |Ban Ga Masoyi Ba |BT | | |- |Gidan Iko |BT | | |- |Zamba |BT | | |- |Kamilalla |BT | | |- |Nazari |BT | | |- |Garinmu da Zafi (Dawo-Dawo) |BT | | |- |Bilal |BT | | |- |Mujadala |BT | | |- |Bahaushiya |BT | | |- |Rariya |2017 | | |- |Dangin Miji |2017 | | |- |Ba Tabbas |2017 | | |- |Mansoor |2017 | | |- |Zuciya Da Hawaye |2017 | | |- |Wacece Sarauniya? |2017 | | |- |Jarumta |2016 | | |- |Mu'amalat |2016 | | |- |Dattijo |2016 | | |- |Shinaz |2016 | | |- |Igiyar Zato |2016 | | |- |Halacci |2015 | | |- |'Yar Tasha |2015 | | |- |Wutar Gaba |2015 | | |- |Bani Bake |2015 | | |- |Gamu Nan Dai |2015 | | |- |Uba da 'Da |2015 | | |- |Baya da Kura |2015 | | |- |Ba'asi |2015 | | |- |Sallamar So |2015 | | |- |Kurman Allo |2015 | | |- |Nasibi |2015 | | |- |Hanyar Kano |2014 | | |- |Sirrin Da Ke Raina |2014 | | |- |Mai Dalilin Aure (Match Maker) |2014 | | |- |Jinin Jiki Na |2014 | | |- |Garbati |2014 | | |- |'Ya daga Allah |2014 | | |- |Idan Hakane |2014 | | |- |Kanin Miji |2014 | | |- |Mati da Lado |2014 | | |- |Sai a Lahira |2014 | | |- |Munafikin Mata |2014 | | |- |Duniyar Nan |2014 | | |- |So Aljannar Duniya |2014 | | |- |Hujja |2014 | | |- |Hakkin Miji |2014 | | |- |Andamali |2013 | | |- |Dakin Amarya |2013 | | |- |Nadawo Gareki |2013 | | |- |Wani Gari |2013 | | |- |Da Kishiyar Gida |2013 | | |- |Haske |2013 | | |- |Lamiraj |2013 | | |- |Jarumin Maza |2013 | | |- |Fari Da Baki |2013 | | |- |Zuri'a |2013 | | |- |Mai Jego |2013 | | |- |Mai Farin Jini |2013 | | |- |Halisa |2013 | | |- |Matar Jami'a |2013 | | |- |Kudi A Duhu |2013 | | |- |Madubin Dubawa |2012 | | |- |Gani Gaka |2012 | | |- |Wani Hanin |2012 | | |- |Kudi A Duhu |2012 | | |- |Son Zuciya |2012 | | |- |Dan Marayan Zaki |2012 | | |- |Kara da Kiyashi |2012 | | |- |Rai Dai |2012 | | |- |Hubbi |2012 | | |- |Bazan Barki Ba |2012 | | |- |Son Mai So |2012 | | |- |Blood and Henna |2012 | | |- |Maza Da Mata |2012 | | |- |Noor (The Light) |2012 | | |- |Talatu |2012 | | |- |Kona Gari |2012 | | |- |Adamsy |2011 | | |- |Alhaki Kwikwiyo |2011 | | |- |Armala |2011 | | |- |Malika |2011 | | |- |Tsaraba |2011 | | |- |Mutallab |2011 | | |- |Mai Zamani |2011 | | |- |Jaraba |2011 | | |- |Ke Duniya |2011 | | |- |Toron Giwa |2011 | | |- |Fisabilillahi |2011 | | |- |Muradi |2011 | | |- |Rai Da Buri |2011 | | |- |Ankwa |2011 | | |- |'Yan Mata |2010 | | |- |Mai Ladabi |2010 | | |- |Sarauta |2010 | | |- |Kukan Zaki (the Lion’s Cry) |2010 | | |- |Balaraba |2010 | | |- |Ladidin Baba |2010 | | |- |Dan Sarki |2010 | | |- |Sai Wata Rana |2010 | | |- |Wasila |2010 | | |- |Artabu (A Mazauna) |2009 | | |- |Dijangala |2008 | | |- |Hafsah |2007 | | |- |Bana Bakwai |2007 | | |- |Sabon Sarki |2006 | | |- |Jamhuriya |2005 | | |- |Taurari |2005 | | |- |Gwamnati |2003 | | |- |zero hour |2020 | | |} == Bada umarni == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" ! Shekara ! Suna ! Matsayi ! Salo ! Kamfanin daya shirya |- | 2007 |''Sitanda'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2011 |''Carbin Kwai'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2012 |''Madubin Dubawa'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2012 |''Last Flight to Abuja'' | Jarumi | Wasa | Nollywood Film Factory |- | 2013 |''Blood and Henna'' | Jarumi | Wasa | Newage Networks |- | 2013 |''Confusion Na Wa'' | Jarumi | Was | Cinema KpataKpata |- | 2013 |''Wani Hanin'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2014 |''Matan Gida'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2015 |''Jinin Jikina'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2016 |''Nasibi'' | Jarumi | Wasa | |- | 2016 |''Ojukokoro'' | Jarumi | Wasa | Singularity Media |- | 2017 |''Banana Island Ghost'' | Jarumi | Wasa |Allura cikin ruwa |}Shekara ta 2024 == Lamban girma == Ali Nuhu yana daga cikin jaruman fina-finan Hausa wadanda ke gaba-gaba wajen samun gagarumar nasarori a masana'antar ta Kannywood dama ta mutanen kudancin Najeriya wato [[Nollywood]]. Anan zamu kawo maku wasu daga cikin kyaututtukan da Ali Nuhu ya samu a harkar sa ta shirya fina-finai.<ref name="Ali15">{{cite web|title=Sharia Affected Cinema Culture In Northern Nigeria – Nuhu|url=http://leadership.ng/2017/06/18/sharia-affected-cinema-culture-northern-nigeria-nuhu/|website=leadership.ng|publisher=[[Leadership (Nigeria)|Leadership Newspaper]]|access-date=13 October 2017|archive-date=13 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013174903/http://leadership.ng/2017/06/18/sharia-affected-cinema-culture-northern-nigeria-nuhu/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ali-nuhu-honoured-with-doctorate-by-cotonou-university.html|title=Ali Nuhu honoured with Doctorate by Cotonou University – Daily Trust|date=2018-10-10|work=Daily Trust|access-date=2018-10-11|language=en-GB|archive-date=2018-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010172458/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ali-nuhu-honoured-with-doctorate-by-cotonou-university.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+ !Shekara !Kyauta !Rukuni !Sakamako |- !2005 |Arewa Films Award |Best Actor | |- !2007 |3rd Africa Movie Academy Awards |Best Upcoming Actor award |{{Nasara}} |- !2008 |The Future Award |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2011 |Zulu African Film Academy Awards |Best Actor ''(Indigenous)'' | |- !2012 |2012 Best of Nollywood Awards |Best Actor ''(Hausa)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2013 |9th Africa Movie Academy Awards |Best Supporting Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2013 |2013 Nigeria Entertainment Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2013 |2013 Best of Nollywood Awards |Best Actor ''(Hausa)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2013 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Face |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |Kannywood Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership Awards |Best Artiste |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |City People Entertainment Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Face |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |Arewa Music and Movie Awards |Pride of Kannywood |{{Nasara}} |- !2014 |Arewa Music and Movie Awards |Best Actor ''(Popular)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2015 |19th African Film Awards |Most Outstanding Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2015 |2015 Best of Nollywood Award |Best Actor (Hausa) |{{Nasara}} |- !2015 |2015 Kannywood Awards |Best Actor ''(Popular)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2015 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Personality |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |2016 Best of Nollywood Awards |Best Actor ''(Hausa)'' |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |Arewa Music and Movie Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |Kannywood Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Face |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |Arewa|Arewa Creative Industry Awards |Entertainment Award |{{Nasara}} |- !2016 |Wazobia FM’s COWA Awards |Excellent Entertainer |{{Nasara}} |- !2017 |Northern Nigeria Peace Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2017 |City People Entertainment Awards |Kannywood Face |{{Nasara}} |- !2017 |City People Entertainment Awards |Best Actor |{{Nasara}} |- !2017 |2017 Best of Nollywood Awards |Special Recognition Award |An dakatar |} == Hotuna == [[File:Ali Nuhu at AMVCA 2020 2.jpg|thumb]]Ali Nuhu <gallery mode="packed-overlay" heights="140" caption="Hotunan Ali Nuhu a lokacin shirin fim"> File:Ali Nuhu at AMVCA 2020.jpg|Ali Nuhu a lokacin karban lamban girma </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} <references/> [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Category:Maza yan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1974]] == Rayuwar shi ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Ali Nuhu Mohammed a [[Maiduguri]], [[Borno|Jihar Borno]], dake Najeriya . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2022-03-19 |title=Kannywood to Nollywood: Ali Nuhu, Rahama Sadau, other Northern actors bridging the gap |url=https://dailytrust.com/kannywood-to-nollywood-ali-nuhu-rahama-sadau-other-northern-actors-bridging-the-gap |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=Daily Trust |language=en |archive-date=2025-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250901205248/https://dailytrust.com/kannywood-to-nollywood-ali-nuhu-rahama-sadau-other-northern-actors-bridging-the-gap |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mahaifinsa, Nuhu Poloma, ya fito ne daga [[Balanga (Nijeriya)|Balanga]] dake [[Gombe (jiha)|Jihar Gombe]] a Nigeria kuma mahaifiyarsa Fatima Karderam Digema, ta fito ne daga [[Bama]] a Jihar Borno. Ya girma a [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] kuma ya halarci [[Dawakin Tofa Science College|Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Dawakin Tofa]] . Ali nuhu Ya sami digiri a fannin ilimin ƙasa daga [[Jami'ar Jos]] . Bayan ya yi aiki a cikin Ƙungiyar Matasa ta Kasa na shekara guda a [[Ibadan]], ya kuma ɗauki darussan fim daga Kwalejin Fim da Talabijin ta Asiya a [[Delhi]]. == __LEAD_SECTION__ == '''Ali Nuhu Mohammed''' ({{Pronunciation|Ha-Ali Nuhu Mohammed.ogg|help=no}}; an haife shi a ranar 15 ga watan Maris na shekara 1974 ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne a Najeriya wanda ke aiki a matsayin manajan darektan [[Nigerian Film Corporation|Kamfanin Fim na Najeriya]] tun daga watan Janairun shekara ta 2024. Ya auri Maimuna Garba a shekara ta 2003, ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya 2.<ref name="Ali">{{Cite web |date=9 January 2016 |title=Ali Nuhu returns to school |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/196476-kannywood-ali-nuhu-returns-to-school.html |access-date=13 October 2017 |website=premiumtimesng.com |publisher=Premium Times}}</ref> Ya bayyana a fina-finai na Hausa da Ingilishi kuma galibi ana daukar shi a matsayin "sarkin [[kannywood]]". <ref name="Ali7">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2015 |title=Ali Nuhu, Adam Zango, others win awards in London |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/193176-ali-nuhu-adam-zango-others-win-awards-in-london.html |access-date=13 October 2017 |website=premiumtimesng.com |publisher=Premium Times}}</ref> <ref name="Ali4">{{Cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Cherie Noodles unveils Ali Nuhu, Aishat Aliyu Tsamiya as Brand Ambassadors |url=https://guardian.ng/features/cherie-noodles-unveils-ali-nuhu-aishat-aliyu-tsamiya-as-brand-ambassadors/ |access-date=13 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="Ali5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2015 |title=An karrama Ali Nuhu da Adam Zango a London |url=http://www.bbc.com/hausa/news/2015/11/151114_alinuhu_adamzango_london_awards |access-date=13 October 2017 |website=bbc.com/hausa |publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Behind The Scenes With Nigerian Filmmaker Ali Nuhu |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/behind-the-scenes-with-nigerian-filmmaker-ali-nuhu/6436875.html |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=Voice of America}}</ref> Nuhu an dauke shi daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da suka fi tasiri a kowane lokaci a cikin fina-finai na Hausa. An bayyana shi a matsayin dan wasan fim na Hausa mafi sha hara a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agu |first=Zain |date=2018-12-28 |title=Who is the richest man in Hausa film? |url=https://www.legit.ng/1210870-who-richest-man-hausa-film.html |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=Legit.ng |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == 7xvsauczn886gk887ppl736zjpa9ra2 0 8686 821096 820662 2026-04-14T09:53:55Z Pharouqenr 25549 821096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Masarautar Zazzau 08.jpg|thumb|Sarkin Zazzau Na 18]] [[File:Masarautar Zazzau 09.jpg|thumb|masarautar Zazzau 09]] [[Fayil:Masarautar Zazzau 07.jpg|thumb]] '''Shehu Idris''' (An haife shi a shekarar alif 1936 ya rasu a shekarar ta 2020), ya kasance shine [[Sarki]]n [[Zazzau]] na goma sha takwas 18 a jerin sarakunan [[Zaria|Zariya]] dake [[Jihar Kaduna]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-21 |title=Buhari, N-Govs, others mourn as Emir of Zazzau, Shehu Idris dies at 84 |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/09/buhari-n-govs-others-mourn-as-emir-of-zazzau-shehu-idris-dies-at-84/ |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> a sarakunan Fulani a karkashin Daular usmanniya ta Musulunci [[Sokoto]] Najeriya.<ref name="breaking"/> Shehu idris shine da na biyar a wajen mahaifiyarsa kuma da na shida a cikin maza a wajen mahaifinsa. Shehu Idiris ya kasance shine mafi tsawon mulki a tarihin masarautar ƙasar Zazzau, ya kwashe tsawon shekaru arba'in da biyar 45 a sarautarm akan karagar mulkin zazzau Ya hau karagar mulki tun a ranar takwas ga watan Fabrairu shekarar alif 1975 biyo bayan rasuwar Sarkin Zazzau na goma sha bakwai Muhammadu Aminu a sannan Idris yana da shekaru talatin da tara 39 a rayuwarsa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/168711-zazzau-emirate-council-member-shot-dead-in-kaduna.html|title=Zazzau Emirate Council Member shot dead in Kaduna|work= Premium|accessdate=10 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/features/347820/owe-long-life-peaceful-coexistence-almighty-allah-shehu-idris|title=I Owe Long Life, Peaceful Coexistence To Almighty Allah – Shehu Idris|work=Leadership Newspaper|accessdate=10 November 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909064309/http://leadership.ng/features/347820/owe-long-life-peaceful-coexistence-almighty-allah-shehu-idris|archivedate=9 September 2015}}</ref> Mahaifinsa shine Malam Idris Auta, mahaifiyarsa kuma itace Hajiya Aminatu Idris.<ref>https://dailytrust.com/history-beckons-as-emir-of-zazzau-marks-45th-anniversary{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. == Farkon Rayuwa == Tarihin mai martaba sarkin [[zazzau]] Alhaji Shehu Idris ya fara ne daga Ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairu a shekara ta alif 1936, wanda shine asalin ranar da aka haifawa malam Idiris Autan Sambo da malama Aminatu matarsa ta uku (mahaifan shehu Idris). Bayan sati daya da haihuwarsa an sanya ma yaron suna SHEHU USMAN kamar yadda addini da al’ada suka tanadar. An haifi Idris daga gidan malam Idiris Auta wanda akafi sani da Auta Sambo tare da matarsa Hajiya Aminatu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Emir Shehu Idris of Zazzau: Exit of a gentleman peacemaker|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/daily-trust/20200921/281565178190492|website=www.pressreader.com|accessdate=21 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="Adamu">{{cite web|url=http://www.kabidonews.com/hh-alhaji-dr-shehu-idris-the-fragrance-always-stays-in-the-hands-that-gives-the-rose/|title=HH Alhaji Shehi Idris|last1=Marshal|first1=Adamu|last2=|first2=|date=14 January 2015|website=Kabidonews.com|publisher=|access-date=30 April 2016|quote=|archive-date=7 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507115422/http://www.kabidonews.com/hh-alhaji-dr-shehu-idris-the-fragrance-always-stays-in-the-hands-that-gives-the-rose/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Karatu == Shehu ya fara karatu yana ɗan shekara biyar. A wannan shekarun ba’a aika shi makarantar nursery ko firamari ba sai dai an tura shi makarantar islamiyya inda ya koyo karatun Al-Qur’ani kamar yadda [[addini]] ya tanadar. Shehu ya kasance dalibi mafi kwazo a lokacin da yake zuwa makarantar Allo, saboda baya taba yin fashin ajin safe ko na yamma ba tare da wani dalili mai ƙarfi ba. Ranaku biyar ne ake zuwa Makarantar a sati watau daga Asabar zuwa laraba ƙarfe 7:30 zuwa 11:30 da safe, sai kuma 2:30 zuwa 6:00 da yamma.<ref name=":1">Dalhatu, Ibrahim. Alhaji Shehu Idris,the 18th fulani emir of zazzau. Hassan, Musa. p.p. 60-63 ISBN 978-2118-028</ref> A lokacin da ya kai shekara 11 an sanyashi makarantar zamani a nan garin Zariya  a shekarar 1947. Duk da yana zuwa makarantar boko domin neman ilimin zamani, hakan bai hana shi cigaba da karatunsa na addini ba.<ref name=":1" />. [[File:Masarautar Zazzau 01.jpg|thumb|261x261px]] == Sarauta == Shehu Idris ya zama Sarki ne sanda Jihar take a matsayin [[Jihar Arewa ta Tsakiya]] a shekara ta 1975. A shekarar mai zuwa, Janar [[Murtala Mohammed]] lokacin yana Shugaban ƙasa ya canja mata suna zuwa [[Jihar Kaduna]]. Bayan an kwashe shekaru goma sha ɗaya, sai Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] ya raba jihar zuwa gida biyu [[Katsina]] da [[Jihar Kaduna]] a shekara ta 1987. Inda rabewar ya haifar da natsuwa akan tashin hankalin dake faruwa tsakanin Masarautar Katsina da ta Zazzau a sanda suke jiha ɗaya. Amma duk da wancan rabewar kuma, sai aka sake samo wata sabuwar rabuwa tsakanin mutanen dake rayuwa a kudancin Kaduna da Arewacin Kaduna.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/168711-zazzau-emirate-council-member-shot-dead-in-kaduna.html|title=Zazzau Emirate Council Member shot dead in Kaduna|work=Premium|accessdate=10 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/features/347820/owe-long-life-peaceful-coexistence-almighty-allah-shehu-idris|title=I Owe Long Life, Peaceful Coexistence To Almighty Allah – Shehu Idris|work=Leadership Newspaper|accessdate=10 November 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909064309/http://leadership.ng/features/347820/owe-long-life-peaceful-coexistence-almighty-allah-shehu-idris|archivedate=9 September 2015}}</ref> Idris ya fara karatunsa ne daga samun koyarwa na addini a wurin malamai a Zariya da Kuma cigaba da karatun sa a makarantar Zariya Elementary School.<ref name="newswire">{{cite web|title=The Emir of Zazzau, His royal Highness Alh(Dr) Shehu Idris, is dead|url=https://newswirengr.com/2020/09/20/the-emir-of-zazzau-his-royal-highness-alhdr-shehu-idris-is-dead/|website=NewsWire NGR|accessdate=21 September 2020}}</ref> Yana elementary school dafa a shekarar 1947 zuwa shekara ta 1950, Inda a wannan lokacin ya rasa mahaifinsa yana da shekara 12.<ref name="newswire" /> Idris ya cigaba da karatun alkur’ani da na zamani har yakai ga Zariya Middle School a shekarar 1950 sa'annan ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1955.<ref name="newswire" /> Sannan ya shiga Katsina Training College inda yazama malamin makaranta mai koyarwa.<ref name="Adamu" /> Wanda wannan rabuwa ta haifar da rashin jituwa da dama. Waɗanda suka shahara sune Rikicin Kafanchan a shekarar 1987, Faɗan Zangon Kataf sau biyu a shekarar 1992, faɗan Shari’a a 2000 da kuma faɗan bayan zaɓen shekara ta 2011 da shekara ta 2012. Lokacin sarautar Shehu Idris, yawancin dukkanin yankunan al'umma dake cikin garin Zazzau waɗanda ba Hausawa ba an basu cin gashin kansu kuma suka zama Masarautun kansu. Wannan yakamata ya baƙanta ma Idris rai. Biyo bayan ƙirƙiran wata sabuwar masarauta a 2001, wasu bangaren Musulmai dake Zazzau suma sun nemi a basu cin gashin kansu. Samun kaiwa shekaru 45 a sarauta ba ƙaramin abu bane, Kuma ya zamo mafi tsawon mulki a tarihin sarautar Zazzau. A yan' wannan karnin, an sha samun tsige-tsigen sarakunan gargajiya a masarautun Arewacin Najeriya. Sultan [[Ibrahim Dasuki]] an tsige shi a 1996, sarkin Gwandu Almustapha Jokolo an tsige shi a 2005 da Kuma Sarkin Kano [[Muhammadu Sanusi]] na II shi ma an tsige shi a farkon shekarar 2020. Haka Kuma sarakunan a Muri, Suleja da Agaie. Sai dai Sarkin Zazzau ya kiyaye wa kansa duk wani abunda zai sanya asamu matsala tsakanin shi da wani Shugaba. ==Aiki == Idris nada shekaru 39 ne a sanda ya zama Sarkin Zazzau a watan Fabrairu na shekara ta alif 1975. Gabanin hawan sa sarauta ya kasance hakimi Kuma malamin makaranta. Gwamnan Kaduna na wancan lokacin Birgediya [[Abba Kyari]] shine ya naɗa Shehu Idris a matsayin Sarkin Zazzau na sha takwas a shekara ta alif 1975. [[File:Masarautar Zazzau 06.jpg|thumb|233x233px|Shehu Idris a makarantar sakandiri]] == Dangi == Shehu shine ɗa na biyar a wajen mahaifiyarsa kuma ɗa na shida a cikin maza a wajen mahaifinsa. Shehu ƙarami ya kasance kyauta ne mai matuƙar rahama daga Allah wanda iyayensa suka yiwa Allah godiya akan samunsa da suka yi.<ref name=":0">Dalhatu, Ibrahim. Alhaji Shehu Idris, the 18th fulani emir of zazzau. Hassan, Musa. p.p. 57-59 ISBN 978-2118-028</ref> Shehu Idris ya taso ne a gidan yawa saboda mahaifinsa yana da mata har guda huɗu, kuma gidan ya kasance daga sashin mulkin katsinawa a zazzau. Shehu ya samu tarbiyya kai tsaye daga wajen iyayensa malam Idris Autan Sambo da malama Aminatu tare da taimakon sauran iyayensa mata na gida. Malama Suwaibatu, Malama Zainabu, Malama Raliyatu. Kuma dukkanin su sun karkatu ne akan tarbiyya ta addini da kuma al’adu na ƙwarai. Al’ada ne a ƙasar hausa uwa take ɓoye sunan ɗanta na farko ko na biyu saboda alkunya, amma malama Aminatu ta ɓoye gaba ɗaya sunayen yaranta guda biyar inda kowanne ta bashi laƙabi da take kiransa da shi, ya kasance shehu ya samu suna “Na Allah”. Kuma ta kanyi wasa dashi a matsayin yaronta na biyar.<ref name=":0" /> Shehu ƙarami ya kasance kyauta ne mai matuƙar rahama daga Allah wanda iyayensa suka yiwa [[Allah]] godiya akan samunsa da suka yi.<ref>Dalhatu, Ibrahim. Alhaji Shehu Idris, the 18th fulani emir of zazzau. Hassan, Musa. p.p. 57-59 ISBN 978-2118-028</ref> == Mutuwa == A yanzu bayan rasuwar Alhaji Shehu Idris gasar data daɗe a kwance ta tashi tsakanin a wane gida ne Sabon sarki zai fito, [[Barebari (Zazzau)|Barebari]], [[Mallawa]], [[Sullubawa]] ne ko kuma daga gidan Shehu Idris [[Katsinawa]]. Yarimomi sun daɗe tsawon shekaru arba'in da biyar (45) suna jiran wannan damar. == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Masarautar Zazzau 09.jpg|Shehu Idris a Makarantar Jami'a dake Landan. File:Masarautar Zazzau 10.jpg File:Masarautar Zazzau 07.jpg </gallery> == Bibilyo == * Dalhatu, Ibrahim. Alhaji Shehu Idris, the 18th fulani emir of zazzau. Hassan, Musa. ISBN 978-2118-028 ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Idris, Shehu}} [[Category:Sarakunan Zazzau]] [[Category:Sarakunan Nijeriya]] m88fvd6kxlc6thzn3qo982qpbqe6qv6 821097 821096 2026-04-14T09:54:13Z Pharouqenr 25549 821097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Masarautar Zazzau 08.jpg|thumb|Sarkin Zazzau Na 18]] [[File:Masarautar Zazzau 09.jpg|thumb|masarautar Zazzau 09]] [[Fayil:Masarautar Zazzau 07.jpg|thumb]] '''Shehu Idris''' (An haife shi a shekarar alif 1936 ya rasu a shekarar ta 2020), ya kasance shine [[Sarki]]n [[Zazzau]] na goma sha takwas 18 a jerin sarakunan [[Zaria|Zariya]] dake [[Jihar Kaduna]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-21 |title=Buhari, N-Govs, others mourn as Emir of Zazzau, Shehu Idris dies at 84 |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/09/buhari-n-govs-others-mourn-as-emir-of-zazzau-shehu-idris-dies-at-84/ |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> a sarakunan Fulani a karkashin Daular usmanniya ta Musulunci [[Sokoto]] [[Najeriya]].<ref name="breaking"/> Shehu idris shine da na biyar a wajen mahaifiyarsa kuma da na shida a cikin maza a wajen mahaifinsa. Shehu Idiris ya kasance shine mafi tsawon mulki a tarihin masarautar ƙasar Zazzau, ya kwashe tsawon shekaru arba'in da biyar 45 a sarautarm akan karagar mulkin zazzau Ya hau karagar mulki tun a ranar takwas ga watan Fabrairu shekarar alif 1975 biyo bayan rasuwar Sarkin Zazzau na goma sha bakwai Muhammadu Aminu a sannan Idris yana da shekaru talatin da tara 39 a rayuwarsa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/168711-zazzau-emirate-council-member-shot-dead-in-kaduna.html|title=Zazzau Emirate Council Member shot dead in Kaduna|work= Premium|accessdate=10 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/features/347820/owe-long-life-peaceful-coexistence-almighty-allah-shehu-idris|title=I Owe Long Life, Peaceful Coexistence To Almighty Allah – Shehu Idris|work=Leadership Newspaper|accessdate=10 November 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909064309/http://leadership.ng/features/347820/owe-long-life-peaceful-coexistence-almighty-allah-shehu-idris|archivedate=9 September 2015}}</ref> Mahaifinsa shine Malam Idris Auta, mahaifiyarsa kuma itace Hajiya Aminatu Idris.<ref>https://dailytrust.com/history-beckons-as-emir-of-zazzau-marks-45th-anniversary{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. == Farkon Rayuwa == Tarihin mai martaba sarkin [[zazzau]] Alhaji Shehu Idris ya fara ne daga Ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairu a shekara ta alif 1936, wanda shine asalin ranar da aka haifawa malam Idiris Autan Sambo da malama Aminatu matarsa ta uku (mahaifan shehu Idris). Bayan sati daya da haihuwarsa an sanya ma yaron suna SHEHU USMAN kamar yadda addini da al’ada suka tanadar. An haifi Idris daga gidan malam Idiris Auta wanda akafi sani da Auta Sambo tare da matarsa Hajiya Aminatu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Emir Shehu Idris of Zazzau: Exit of a gentleman peacemaker|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/daily-trust/20200921/281565178190492|website=www.pressreader.com|accessdate=21 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="Adamu">{{cite web|url=http://www.kabidonews.com/hh-alhaji-dr-shehu-idris-the-fragrance-always-stays-in-the-hands-that-gives-the-rose/|title=HH Alhaji Shehi Idris|last1=Marshal|first1=Adamu|last2=|first2=|date=14 January 2015|website=Kabidonews.com|publisher=|access-date=30 April 2016|quote=|archive-date=7 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507115422/http://www.kabidonews.com/hh-alhaji-dr-shehu-idris-the-fragrance-always-stays-in-the-hands-that-gives-the-rose/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Karatu == Shehu ya fara karatu yana ɗan shekara biyar. A wannan shekarun ba’a aika shi makarantar nursery ko firamari ba sai dai an tura shi makarantar islamiyya inda ya koyo karatun Al-Qur’ani kamar yadda [[addini]] ya tanadar. Shehu ya kasance dalibi mafi kwazo a lokacin da yake zuwa makarantar Allo, saboda baya taba yin fashin ajin safe ko na yamma ba tare da wani dalili mai ƙarfi ba. Ranaku biyar ne ake zuwa Makarantar a sati watau daga Asabar zuwa laraba ƙarfe 7:30 zuwa 11:30 da safe, sai kuma 2:30 zuwa 6:00 da yamma.<ref name=":1">Dalhatu, Ibrahim. Alhaji Shehu Idris,the 18th fulani emir of zazzau. Hassan, Musa. p.p. 60-63 ISBN 978-2118-028</ref> A lokacin da ya kai shekara 11 an sanyashi makarantar zamani a nan garin Zariya  a shekarar 1947. Duk da yana zuwa makarantar boko domin neman ilimin zamani, hakan bai hana shi cigaba da karatunsa na addini ba.<ref name=":1" />. [[File:Masarautar Zazzau 01.jpg|thumb|261x261px]] == Sarauta == Shehu Idris ya zama Sarki ne sanda Jihar take a matsayin [[Jihar Arewa ta Tsakiya]] a shekara ta 1975. A shekarar mai zuwa, Janar [[Murtala Mohammed]] lokacin yana Shugaban ƙasa ya canja mata suna zuwa [[Jihar Kaduna]]. Bayan an kwashe shekaru goma sha ɗaya, sai Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] ya raba jihar zuwa gida biyu [[Katsina]] da [[Jihar Kaduna]] a shekara ta 1987. Inda rabewar ya haifar da natsuwa akan tashin hankalin dake faruwa tsakanin Masarautar Katsina da ta Zazzau a sanda suke jiha ɗaya. Amma duk da wancan rabewar kuma, sai aka sake samo wata sabuwar rabuwa tsakanin mutanen dake rayuwa a kudancin Kaduna da Arewacin Kaduna.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/168711-zazzau-emirate-council-member-shot-dead-in-kaduna.html|title=Zazzau Emirate Council Member shot dead in Kaduna|work=Premium|accessdate=10 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/features/347820/owe-long-life-peaceful-coexistence-almighty-allah-shehu-idris|title=I Owe Long Life, Peaceful Coexistence To Almighty Allah – Shehu Idris|work=Leadership Newspaper|accessdate=10 November 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909064309/http://leadership.ng/features/347820/owe-long-life-peaceful-coexistence-almighty-allah-shehu-idris|archivedate=9 September 2015}}</ref> Idris ya fara karatunsa ne daga samun koyarwa na addini a wurin malamai a Zariya da Kuma cigaba da karatun sa a makarantar Zariya Elementary School.<ref name="newswire">{{cite web|title=The Emir of Zazzau, His royal Highness Alh(Dr) Shehu Idris, is dead|url=https://newswirengr.com/2020/09/20/the-emir-of-zazzau-his-royal-highness-alhdr-shehu-idris-is-dead/|website=NewsWire NGR|accessdate=21 September 2020}}</ref> Yana elementary school dafa a shekarar 1947 zuwa shekara ta 1950, Inda a wannan lokacin ya rasa mahaifinsa yana da shekara 12.<ref name="newswire" /> Idris ya cigaba da karatun alkur’ani da na zamani har yakai ga Zariya Middle School a shekarar 1950 sa'annan ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1955.<ref name="newswire" /> Sannan ya shiga Katsina Training College inda yazama malamin makaranta mai koyarwa.<ref name="Adamu" /> Wanda wannan rabuwa ta haifar da rashin jituwa da dama. Waɗanda suka shahara sune Rikicin Kafanchan a shekarar 1987, Faɗan Zangon Kataf sau biyu a shekarar 1992, faɗan Shari’a a 2000 da kuma faɗan bayan zaɓen shekara ta 2011 da shekara ta 2012. Lokacin sarautar Shehu Idris, yawancin dukkanin yankunan al'umma dake cikin garin Zazzau waɗanda ba Hausawa ba an basu cin gashin kansu kuma suka zama Masarautun kansu. Wannan yakamata ya baƙanta ma Idris rai. Biyo bayan ƙirƙiran wata sabuwar masarauta a 2001, wasu bangaren Musulmai dake Zazzau suma sun nemi a basu cin gashin kansu. Samun kaiwa shekaru 45 a sarauta ba ƙaramin abu bane, Kuma ya zamo mafi tsawon mulki a tarihin sarautar Zazzau. A yan' wannan karnin, an sha samun tsige-tsigen sarakunan gargajiya a masarautun Arewacin Najeriya. Sultan [[Ibrahim Dasuki]] an tsige shi a 1996, sarkin Gwandu Almustapha Jokolo an tsige shi a 2005 da Kuma Sarkin Kano [[Muhammadu Sanusi]] na II shi ma an tsige shi a farkon shekarar 2020. Haka Kuma sarakunan a Muri, Suleja da Agaie. Sai dai Sarkin Zazzau ya kiyaye wa kansa duk wani abunda zai sanya asamu matsala tsakanin shi da wani Shugaba. ==Aiki == Idris nada shekaru 39 ne a sanda ya zama Sarkin Zazzau a watan Fabrairu na shekara ta alif 1975. Gabanin hawan sa sarauta ya kasance hakimi Kuma malamin makaranta. Gwamnan Kaduna na wancan lokacin Birgediya [[Abba Kyari]] shine ya naɗa Shehu Idris a matsayin Sarkin Zazzau na sha takwas a shekara ta alif 1975. [[File:Masarautar Zazzau 06.jpg|thumb|233x233px|Shehu Idris a makarantar sakandiri]] == Dangi == Shehu shine ɗa na biyar a wajen mahaifiyarsa kuma ɗa na shida a cikin maza a wajen mahaifinsa. Shehu ƙarami ya kasance kyauta ne mai matuƙar rahama daga Allah wanda iyayensa suka yiwa Allah godiya akan samunsa da suka yi.<ref name=":0">Dalhatu, Ibrahim. Alhaji Shehu Idris, the 18th fulani emir of zazzau. Hassan, Musa. p.p. 57-59 ISBN 978-2118-028</ref> Shehu Idris ya taso ne a gidan yawa saboda mahaifinsa yana da mata har guda huɗu, kuma gidan ya kasance daga sashin mulkin katsinawa a zazzau. Shehu ya samu tarbiyya kai tsaye daga wajen iyayensa malam Idris Autan Sambo da malama Aminatu tare da taimakon sauran iyayensa mata na gida. Malama Suwaibatu, Malama Zainabu, Malama Raliyatu. Kuma dukkanin su sun karkatu ne akan tarbiyya ta addini da kuma al’adu na ƙwarai. Al’ada ne a ƙasar hausa uwa take ɓoye sunan ɗanta na farko ko na biyu saboda alkunya, amma malama Aminatu ta ɓoye gaba ɗaya sunayen yaranta guda biyar inda kowanne ta bashi laƙabi da take kiransa da shi, ya kasance shehu ya samu suna “Na Allah”. Kuma ta kanyi wasa dashi a matsayin yaronta na biyar.<ref name=":0" /> Shehu ƙarami ya kasance kyauta ne mai matuƙar rahama daga Allah wanda iyayensa suka yiwa [[Allah]] godiya akan samunsa da suka yi.<ref>Dalhatu, Ibrahim. Alhaji Shehu Idris, the 18th fulani emir of zazzau. Hassan, Musa. p.p. 57-59 ISBN 978-2118-028</ref> == Mutuwa == A yanzu bayan rasuwar Alhaji Shehu Idris gasar data daɗe a kwance ta tashi tsakanin a wane gida ne Sabon sarki zai fito, [[Barebari (Zazzau)|Barebari]], [[Mallawa]], [[Sullubawa]] ne ko kuma daga gidan Shehu Idris [[Katsinawa]]. Yarimomi sun daɗe tsawon shekaru arba'in da biyar (45) suna jiran wannan damar. == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Masarautar Zazzau 09.jpg|Shehu Idris a Makarantar Jami'a dake Landan. File:Masarautar Zazzau 10.jpg File:Masarautar Zazzau 07.jpg </gallery> == Bibilyo == * Dalhatu, Ibrahim. Alhaji Shehu Idris, the 18th fulani emir of zazzau. Hassan, Musa. ISBN 978-2118-028 ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Idris, Shehu}} [[Category:Sarakunan Zazzau]] [[Category:Sarakunan Nijeriya]] 1pcvfm7efgsw6518sbpif2n20hnbh43 821098 821097 2026-04-14T09:54:29Z Pharouqenr 25549 821098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Masarautar Zazzau 08.jpg|thumb|Sarkin Zazzau Na 18]] [[File:Masarautar Zazzau 09.jpg|thumb|masarautar Zazzau 09]] [[Fayil:Masarautar Zazzau 07.jpg|thumb]] '''Shehu Idris''' (An haife shi a shekarar alif 1936 ya rasu a shekarar ta 2020), ya kasance shine [[Sarki]]n [[Zazzau]] na goma sha takwas 18 a jerin sarakunan [[Zaria|Zariya]] dake [[Jihar Kaduna]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-21 |title=Buhari, N-Govs, others mourn as Emir of Zazzau, Shehu Idris dies at 84 |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/09/buhari-n-govs-others-mourn-as-emir-of-zazzau-shehu-idris-dies-at-84/ |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> a sarakunan Fulani a karkashin Daular usmanniya ta [[Musulunci]] [[Sokoto]] [[Najeriya]].<ref name="breaking"/> Shehu idris shine da na biyar a wajen mahaifiyarsa kuma da na shida a cikin maza a wajen mahaifinsa. Shehu Idiris ya kasance shine mafi tsawon mulki a tarihin masarautar ƙasar Zazzau, ya kwashe tsawon shekaru arba'in da biyar 45 a sarautarm akan karagar mulkin zazzau Ya hau karagar mulki tun a ranar takwas ga watan Fabrairu shekarar alif 1975 biyo bayan rasuwar Sarkin Zazzau na goma sha bakwai Muhammadu Aminu a sannan Idris yana da shekaru talatin da tara 39 a rayuwarsa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/168711-zazzau-emirate-council-member-shot-dead-in-kaduna.html|title=Zazzau Emirate Council Member shot dead in Kaduna|work= Premium|accessdate=10 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/features/347820/owe-long-life-peaceful-coexistence-almighty-allah-shehu-idris|title=I Owe Long Life, Peaceful Coexistence To Almighty Allah – Shehu Idris|work=Leadership Newspaper|accessdate=10 November 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909064309/http://leadership.ng/features/347820/owe-long-life-peaceful-coexistence-almighty-allah-shehu-idris|archivedate=9 September 2015}}</ref> Mahaifinsa shine Malam Idris Auta, mahaifiyarsa kuma itace Hajiya Aminatu Idris.<ref>https://dailytrust.com/history-beckons-as-emir-of-zazzau-marks-45th-anniversary{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. == Farkon Rayuwa == Tarihin mai martaba sarkin [[zazzau]] Alhaji Shehu Idris ya fara ne daga Ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairu a shekara ta alif 1936, wanda shine asalin ranar da aka haifawa malam Idiris Autan Sambo da malama Aminatu matarsa ta uku (mahaifan shehu Idris). Bayan sati daya da haihuwarsa an sanya ma yaron suna SHEHU USMAN kamar yadda addini da al’ada suka tanadar. An haifi Idris daga gidan malam Idiris Auta wanda akafi sani da Auta Sambo tare da matarsa Hajiya Aminatu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Emir Shehu Idris of Zazzau: Exit of a gentleman peacemaker|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/daily-trust/20200921/281565178190492|website=www.pressreader.com|accessdate=21 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="Adamu">{{cite web|url=http://www.kabidonews.com/hh-alhaji-dr-shehu-idris-the-fragrance-always-stays-in-the-hands-that-gives-the-rose/|title=HH Alhaji Shehi Idris|last1=Marshal|first1=Adamu|last2=|first2=|date=14 January 2015|website=Kabidonews.com|publisher=|access-date=30 April 2016|quote=|archive-date=7 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507115422/http://www.kabidonews.com/hh-alhaji-dr-shehu-idris-the-fragrance-always-stays-in-the-hands-that-gives-the-rose/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Karatu == Shehu ya fara karatu yana ɗan shekara biyar. A wannan shekarun ba’a aika shi makarantar nursery ko firamari ba sai dai an tura shi makarantar islamiyya inda ya koyo karatun Al-Qur’ani kamar yadda [[addini]] ya tanadar. Shehu ya kasance dalibi mafi kwazo a lokacin da yake zuwa makarantar Allo, saboda baya taba yin fashin ajin safe ko na yamma ba tare da wani dalili mai ƙarfi ba. Ranaku biyar ne ake zuwa Makarantar a sati watau daga Asabar zuwa laraba ƙarfe 7:30 zuwa 11:30 da safe, sai kuma 2:30 zuwa 6:00 da yamma.<ref name=":1">Dalhatu, Ibrahim. Alhaji Shehu Idris,the 18th fulani emir of zazzau. Hassan, Musa. p.p. 60-63 ISBN 978-2118-028</ref> A lokacin da ya kai shekara 11 an sanyashi makarantar zamani a nan garin Zariya  a shekarar 1947. Duk da yana zuwa makarantar boko domin neman ilimin zamani, hakan bai hana shi cigaba da karatunsa na addini ba.<ref name=":1" />. [[File:Masarautar Zazzau 01.jpg|thumb|261x261px]] == Sarauta == Shehu Idris ya zama Sarki ne sanda Jihar take a matsayin [[Jihar Arewa ta Tsakiya]] a shekara ta 1975. A shekarar mai zuwa, Janar [[Murtala Mohammed]] lokacin yana Shugaban ƙasa ya canja mata suna zuwa [[Jihar Kaduna]]. Bayan an kwashe shekaru goma sha ɗaya, sai Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] ya raba jihar zuwa gida biyu [[Katsina]] da [[Jihar Kaduna]] a shekara ta 1987. Inda rabewar ya haifar da natsuwa akan tashin hankalin dake faruwa tsakanin Masarautar Katsina da ta Zazzau a sanda suke jiha ɗaya. Amma duk da wancan rabewar kuma, sai aka sake samo wata sabuwar rabuwa tsakanin mutanen dake rayuwa a kudancin Kaduna da Arewacin Kaduna.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/168711-zazzau-emirate-council-member-shot-dead-in-kaduna.html|title=Zazzau Emirate Council Member shot dead in Kaduna|work=Premium|accessdate=10 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/features/347820/owe-long-life-peaceful-coexistence-almighty-allah-shehu-idris|title=I Owe Long Life, Peaceful Coexistence To Almighty Allah – Shehu Idris|work=Leadership Newspaper|accessdate=10 November 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909064309/http://leadership.ng/features/347820/owe-long-life-peaceful-coexistence-almighty-allah-shehu-idris|archivedate=9 September 2015}}</ref> Idris ya fara karatunsa ne daga samun koyarwa na addini a wurin malamai a Zariya da Kuma cigaba da karatun sa a makarantar Zariya Elementary School.<ref name="newswire">{{cite web|title=The Emir of Zazzau, His royal Highness Alh(Dr) Shehu Idris, is dead|url=https://newswirengr.com/2020/09/20/the-emir-of-zazzau-his-royal-highness-alhdr-shehu-idris-is-dead/|website=NewsWire NGR|accessdate=21 September 2020}}</ref> Yana elementary school dafa a shekarar 1947 zuwa shekara ta 1950, Inda a wannan lokacin ya rasa mahaifinsa yana da shekara 12.<ref name="newswire" /> Idris ya cigaba da karatun alkur’ani da na zamani har yakai ga Zariya Middle School a shekarar 1950 sa'annan ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1955.<ref name="newswire" /> Sannan ya shiga Katsina Training College inda yazama malamin makaranta mai koyarwa.<ref name="Adamu" /> Wanda wannan rabuwa ta haifar da rashin jituwa da dama. Waɗanda suka shahara sune Rikicin Kafanchan a shekarar 1987, Faɗan Zangon Kataf sau biyu a shekarar 1992, faɗan Shari’a a 2000 da kuma faɗan bayan zaɓen shekara ta 2011 da shekara ta 2012. Lokacin sarautar Shehu Idris, yawancin dukkanin yankunan al'umma dake cikin garin Zazzau waɗanda ba Hausawa ba an basu cin gashin kansu kuma suka zama Masarautun kansu. Wannan yakamata ya baƙanta ma Idris rai. Biyo bayan ƙirƙiran wata sabuwar masarauta a 2001, wasu bangaren Musulmai dake Zazzau suma sun nemi a basu cin gashin kansu. Samun kaiwa shekaru 45 a sarauta ba ƙaramin abu bane, Kuma ya zamo mafi tsawon mulki a tarihin sarautar Zazzau. A yan' wannan karnin, an sha samun tsige-tsigen sarakunan gargajiya a masarautun Arewacin Najeriya. Sultan [[Ibrahim Dasuki]] an tsige shi a 1996, sarkin Gwandu Almustapha Jokolo an tsige shi a 2005 da Kuma Sarkin Kano [[Muhammadu Sanusi]] na II shi ma an tsige shi a farkon shekarar 2020. Haka Kuma sarakunan a Muri, Suleja da Agaie. Sai dai Sarkin Zazzau ya kiyaye wa kansa duk wani abunda zai sanya asamu matsala tsakanin shi da wani Shugaba. ==Aiki == Idris nada shekaru 39 ne a sanda ya zama Sarkin Zazzau a watan Fabrairu na shekara ta alif 1975. Gabanin hawan sa sarauta ya kasance hakimi Kuma malamin makaranta. Gwamnan Kaduna na wancan lokacin Birgediya [[Abba Kyari]] shine ya naɗa Shehu Idris a matsayin Sarkin Zazzau na sha takwas a shekara ta alif 1975. [[File:Masarautar Zazzau 06.jpg|thumb|233x233px|Shehu Idris a makarantar sakandiri]] == Dangi == Shehu shine ɗa na biyar a wajen mahaifiyarsa kuma ɗa na shida a cikin maza a wajen mahaifinsa. Shehu ƙarami ya kasance kyauta ne mai matuƙar rahama daga Allah wanda iyayensa suka yiwa Allah godiya akan samunsa da suka yi.<ref name=":0">Dalhatu, Ibrahim. Alhaji Shehu Idris, the 18th fulani emir of zazzau. Hassan, Musa. p.p. 57-59 ISBN 978-2118-028</ref> Shehu Idris ya taso ne a gidan yawa saboda mahaifinsa yana da mata har guda huɗu, kuma gidan ya kasance daga sashin mulkin katsinawa a zazzau. Shehu ya samu tarbiyya kai tsaye daga wajen iyayensa malam Idris Autan Sambo da malama Aminatu tare da taimakon sauran iyayensa mata na gida. Malama Suwaibatu, Malama Zainabu, Malama Raliyatu. Kuma dukkanin su sun karkatu ne akan tarbiyya ta addini da kuma al’adu na ƙwarai. Al’ada ne a ƙasar hausa uwa take ɓoye sunan ɗanta na farko ko na biyu saboda alkunya, amma malama Aminatu ta ɓoye gaba ɗaya sunayen yaranta guda biyar inda kowanne ta bashi laƙabi da take kiransa da shi, ya kasance shehu ya samu suna “Na Allah”. Kuma ta kanyi wasa dashi a matsayin yaronta na biyar.<ref name=":0" /> Shehu ƙarami ya kasance kyauta ne mai matuƙar rahama daga Allah wanda iyayensa suka yiwa [[Allah]] godiya akan samunsa da suka yi.<ref>Dalhatu, Ibrahim. Alhaji Shehu Idris, the 18th fulani emir of zazzau. Hassan, Musa. p.p. 57-59 ISBN 978-2118-028</ref> == Mutuwa == A yanzu bayan rasuwar Alhaji Shehu Idris gasar data daɗe a kwance ta tashi tsakanin a wane gida ne Sabon sarki zai fito, [[Barebari (Zazzau)|Barebari]], [[Mallawa]], [[Sullubawa]] ne ko kuma daga gidan Shehu Idris [[Katsinawa]]. Yarimomi sun daɗe tsawon shekaru arba'in da biyar (45) suna jiran wannan damar. == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Masarautar Zazzau 09.jpg|Shehu Idris a Makarantar Jami'a dake Landan. File:Masarautar Zazzau 10.jpg File:Masarautar Zazzau 07.jpg </gallery> == Bibilyo == * Dalhatu, Ibrahim. Alhaji Shehu Idris, the 18th fulani emir of zazzau. Hassan, Musa. ISBN 978-2118-028 ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Idris, Shehu}} [[Category:Sarakunan Zazzau]] [[Category:Sarakunan Nijeriya]] 5l3n7z0eyiud32u8hled74mks0nnn6j 821099 821098 2026-04-14T09:54:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 821099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Masarautar Zazzau 08.jpg|thumb|Sarkin Zazzau Na 18]] [[File:Masarautar Zazzau 09.jpg|thumb|masarautar Zazzau 09]] [[Fayil:Masarautar Zazzau 07.jpg|thumb]] '''Shehu Idris''' (An haife shi a shekarar alif 1936 ya rasu a shekarar ta 2020), ya kasance shine [[Sarki]]n [[Zazzau]] na goma sha takwas 18 a jerin sarakunan [[Zaria|Zariya]] dake [[Jihar Kaduna]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-21 |title=Buhari, N-Govs, others mourn as Emir of Zazzau, Shehu Idris dies at 84 |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/09/buhari-n-govs-others-mourn-as-emir-of-zazzau-shehu-idris-dies-at-84/ |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> a sarakunan Fulani a karkashin Daular usmanniya ta [[Musulunci]] [[Sokoto]] [[Najeriya]].<ref name="breaking"/> Shehu idris shine da na biyar a wajen mahaifiyarsa kuma da na shida a cikin maza a wajen mahaifinsa. Shehu Idiris ya kasance shine mafi tsawon mulki a tarihin masarautar ƙasar Zazzau, ya kwashe tsawon shekaru arba'in da biyar 45 a sarautarm akan karagar mulkin zazzau Ya hau karagar mulki tun a ranar takwas ga watan Fabrairu shekarar alif 1975 biyo bayan rasuwar Sarkin Zazzau na goma sha bakwai Muhammadu Aminu a sannan Idris yana da shekaru talatin da tara 39 a rayuwarsa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/168711-zazzau-emirate-council-member-shot-dead-in-kaduna.html|title=Zazzau Emirate Council Member shot dead in Kaduna|work= Premium|accessdate=10 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/features/347820/owe-long-life-peaceful-coexistence-almighty-allah-shehu-idris|title=I Owe Long Life, Peaceful Coexistence To Almighty Allah – Shehu Idris|work=Leadership Newspaper|accessdate=10 November 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909064309/http://leadership.ng/features/347820/owe-long-life-peaceful-coexistence-almighty-allah-shehu-idris|archivedate=9 September 2015}}</ref> Mahaifinsa shine Malam Idris Auta, mahaifiyarsa kuma itace Hajiya Aminatu Idris.<ref>https://dailytrust.com/history-beckons-as-emir-of-zazzau-marks-45th-anniversary{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. == Farkon Rayuwa == Tarihin mai martaba sarkin [[zazzau]] Alhaji Shehu Idris ya fara ne daga Ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairu a shekara ta alif 1936, wanda shine asalin ranar da aka haifawa malam Idiris Autan Sambo da malama Aminatu matarsa ta uku (mahaifan shehu Idris). Bayan sati daya da haihuwarsa an sanya ma yaron suna SHEHU USMAN kamar yadda addini da al’ada suka tanadar. An haifi Idris daga gidan malam Idiris Auta wanda akafi sani da Auta Sambo tare da matarsa Hajiya Aminatu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Emir Shehu Idris of Zazzau: Exit of a gentleman peacemaker|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/daily-trust/20200921/281565178190492|website=www.pressreader.com|accessdate=21 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="Adamu">{{cite web|url=http://www.kabidonews.com/hh-alhaji-dr-shehu-idris-the-fragrance-always-stays-in-the-hands-that-gives-the-rose/|title=HH Alhaji Shehi Idris|last1=Marshal|first1=Adamu|last2=|first2=|date=14 January 2015|website=Kabidonews.com|publisher=|access-date=30 April 2016|quote=|archive-date=7 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507115422/http://www.kabidonews.com/hh-alhaji-dr-shehu-idris-the-fragrance-always-stays-in-the-hands-that-gives-the-rose/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Karatu == Shehu ya fara karatu yana ɗan shekara biyar. A wannan shekarun ba’a aika shi makarantar nursery ko firamari ba sai dai an tura shi makarantar islamiyya inda ya koyo karatun Al-Qur’ani kamar yadda [[addini]] ya tanadar. Shehu ya kasance dalibi mafi kwazo a lokacin da yake zuwa makarantar Allo, saboda baya taba yin fashin ajin safe ko na yamma ba tare da wani dalili mai ƙarfi ba. Ranaku biyar ne ake zuwa Makarantar a sati watau daga Asabar zuwa laraba ƙarfe 7:30 zuwa 11:30 da safe, sai kuma 2:30 zuwa 6:00 da yamma.<ref name=":1">Dalhatu, Ibrahim. Alhaji Shehu Idris,the 18th fulani emir of zazzau. Hassan, Musa. p.p. 60-63 ISBN 978-2118-028</ref> A lokacin da ya kai shekara 11 an sanyashi makarantar zamani a nan garin Zariya  a shekarar 1947. Duk da yana zuwa makarantar boko domin neman ilimin zamani, hakan bai hana shi cigaba da karatunsa na addini ba.<ref name=":1" />. [[File:Masarautar Zazzau 01.jpg|thumb|261x261px]] == Sarauta == Shehu Idris ya zama Sarki ne sanda Jihar take a matsayin [[Jihar Arewa ta Tsakiya]] a shekara ta 1975. A shekarar mai zuwa, Janar [[Murtala Mohammed]] lokacin yana Shugaban ƙasa ya canja mata suna zuwa [[Jihar Kaduna]]. Bayan an kwashe shekaru goma sha ɗaya, sai Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] ya raba jihar zuwa gida biyu [[Katsina]] da [[Jihar Kaduna]] a shekara ta 1987. Inda rabewar ya haifar da natsuwa akan tashin hankalin dake faruwa tsakanin Masarautar Katsina da ta Zazzau a sanda suke jiha ɗaya. Amma duk da wancan rabewar kuma, sai aka sake samo wata sabuwar rabuwa tsakanin mutanen dake rayuwa a kudancin Kaduna da Arewacin Kaduna.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/168711-zazzau-emirate-council-member-shot-dead-in-kaduna.html|title=Zazzau Emirate Council Member shot dead in Kaduna|work=Premium|accessdate=10 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/features/347820/owe-long-life-peaceful-coexistence-almighty-allah-shehu-idris|title=I Owe Long Life, Peaceful Coexistence To Almighty Allah – Shehu Idris|work=Leadership Newspaper|accessdate=10 November 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909064309/http://leadership.ng/features/347820/owe-long-life-peaceful-coexistence-almighty-allah-shehu-idris|archivedate=9 September 2015}}</ref> Idris ya fara karatunsa ne daga samun koyarwa na addini a wurin malamai a Zariya da Kuma cigaba da karatun sa a makarantar Zariya Elementary School.<ref name="newswire">{{cite web|title=The Emir of Zazzau, His royal Highness Alh(Dr) Shehu Idris, is dead|url=https://newswirengr.com/2020/09/20/the-emir-of-zazzau-his-royal-highness-alhdr-shehu-idris-is-dead/|website=NewsWire NGR|accessdate=21 September 2020}}</ref> Yana elementary school dafa a shekarar 1947 zuwa shekara ta 1950, Inda a wannan lokacin ya rasa mahaifinsa yana da shekara 12.<ref name="newswire" /> Idris ya cigaba da karatun alkur’ani da na zamani har yakai ga Zariya Middle School a shekarar 1950 sa'annan ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1955.<ref name="newswire" /> Sannan ya shiga Katsina Training College inda yazama malamin makaranta mai koyarwa.<ref name="Adamu" /> Wanda wannan rabuwa ta haifar da rashin jituwa da dama. Waɗanda suka shahara sune Rikicin Kafanchan a shekarar 1987, Faɗan Zangon Kataf sau biyu a shekarar 1992, faɗan Shari’a a 2000 da kuma faɗan bayan zaɓen shekara ta 2011 da shekara ta 2012. Lokacin sarautar Shehu Idris, yawancin dukkanin yankunan al'umma dake cikin garin Zazzau waɗanda ba Hausawa ba an basu cin gashin kansu kuma suka zama Masarautun kansu. Wannan yakamata ya baƙanta ma Idris rai. Biyo bayan ƙirƙiran wata sabuwar masarauta a 2001, wasu bangaren Musulmai dake Zazzau suma sun nemi a basu cin gashin kansu. Samun kaiwa shekaru 45 a sarauta ba ƙaramin abu bane, Kuma ya zamo mafi tsawon mulki a tarihin sarautar Zazzau. A yan' wannan karnin, an sha samun tsige-tsigen sarakunan gargajiya a masarautun Arewacin Najeriya. Sultan [[Ibrahim Dasuki]] an tsige shi a 1996, sarkin Gwandu Almustapha Jokolo an tsige shi a 2005 da Kuma Sarkin Kano [[Muhammadu Sanusi]] na II shi ma an tsige shi a farkon shekarar 2020. Haka Kuma sarakunan a Muri, Suleja da Agaie. Sai dai Sarkin Zazzau ya kiyaye wa kansa duk wani abunda zai sanya asamu matsala tsakanin shi da wani Shugaba. ==Aiki == Idris nada shekaru 39 ne a sanda ya zama Sarkin Zazzau a watan Fabrairu na shekara ta alif 1975. Gabanin hawan sa sarauta ya kasance hakimi Kuma malamin makaranta. Gwamnan Kaduna na wancan lokacin Birgediya [[Abba Kyari]] shine ya naɗa Shehu Idris a matsayin Sarkin Zazzau na sha takwas a shekara ta alif 1975. [[File:Masarautar Zazzau 06.jpg|thumb|233x233px|Shehu Idris a makarantar sakandiri]] == Dangi == Shehu shine ɗa na biyar a wajen mahaifiyarsa kuma ɗa na shida a cikin maza a wajen mahaifinsa. Shehu ƙarami ya kasance kyauta ne mai matuƙar rahama daga Allah wanda iyayensa suka yiwa Allah godiya akan samunsa da suka yi.<ref name=":0">Dalhatu, Ibrahim. Alhaji Shehu Idris, the 18th fulani emir of zazzau. Hassan, Musa. p.p. 57-59 ISBN 978-2118-028</ref> Shehu Idris ya taso ne a gidan yawa saboda mahaifinsa yana da mata har guda huɗu, kuma gidan ya kasance daga sashin mulkin katsinawa a zazzau. Shehu ya samu tarbiyya kai tsaye daga wajen iyayensa malam Idris Autan Sambo da malama Aminatu tare da taimakon sauran iyayensa mata na gida. Malama Suwaibatu, Malama Zainabu, Malama Raliyatu. Kuma dukkanin su sun karkatu ne akan tarbiyya ta addini da kuma al’adu na ƙwarai. Al’ada ne a ƙasar hausa uwa take ɓoye sunan ɗanta na farko ko na biyu saboda alkunya, amma malama Aminatu ta ɓoye gaba ɗaya sunayen yaranta guda biyar inda kowanne ta bashi laƙabi da take kiransa da shi, ya kasance shehu ya samu suna “Na Allah”. Kuma ta kanyi wasa dashi a matsayin yaronta na biyar.<ref name=":0" /> Shehu ƙarami ya kasance kyauta ne mai matuƙar rahama daga Allah wanda iyayensa suka yiwa [[Allah]] godiya akan samunsa da suka yi.<ref>Dalhatu, Ibrahim. Alhaji Shehu Idris, the 18th fulani emir of zazzau. Hassan, Musa. p.p. 57-59 ISBN 978-2118-028</ref> == Mutuwa == A yanzu bayan rasuwar Alhaji Shehu Idris gasar data daɗe a kwance ta tashi tsakanin a wane gida ne Sabon sarki zai fito, Barebari, [[Mallawa]], [[Sullubawa]] ne ko kuma daga gidan Shehu Idris [[Katsinawa]]. Yarimomi sun daɗe tsawon shekaru arba'in da biyar (45) suna jiran wannan damar. == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Masarautar Zazzau 09.jpg|Shehu Idris a Makarantar Jami'a dake Landan. File:Masarautar Zazzau 10.jpg File:Masarautar Zazzau 07.jpg </gallery> == Bibilyo == * Dalhatu, Ibrahim. Alhaji Shehu Idris, the 18th fulani emir of zazzau. Hassan, Musa. ISBN 978-2118-028 ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Idris, Shehu}} [[Category:Sarakunan Zazzau]] [[Category:Sarakunan Nijeriya]] 3zpv4h0xj093bwd5vxh0iy7onxhn968 821100 821099 2026-04-14T09:55:08Z Pharouqenr 25549 821100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Masarautar Zazzau 08.jpg|thumb|Sarkin Zazzau Na 18]] [[File:Masarautar Zazzau 09.jpg|thumb|masarautar Zazzau 09]] [[Fayil:Masarautar Zazzau 07.jpg|thumb]] '''Shehu Idris''' (An haife shi a shekarar alif 1936 ya rasu a shekarar ta 2020), ya kasance shine [[Sarki]]n [[Zazzau]] na goma sha takwas 18 a jerin sarakunan [[Zaria|Zariya]] dake [[Jihar Kaduna]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-21 |title=Buhari, N-Govs, others mourn as Emir of Zazzau, Shehu Idris dies at 84 |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/09/buhari-n-govs-others-mourn-as-emir-of-zazzau-shehu-idris-dies-at-84/ |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> a sarakunan Fulani a karkashin Daular usmanniya ta [[Musulunci]] [[Sokoto]] [[Najeriya]].<ref name="breaking"/> Shehu idris shine da na biyar a wajen mahaifiyarsa kuma da na shida a cikin maza a wajen mahaifinsa. Shehu Idiris ya kasance shine mafi tsawon mulki a tarihin masarautar ƙasar Zazzau, ya kwashe tsawon shekaru arba'in da biyar 45 a sarautarm akan karagar mulkin zazzau Ya hau karagar mulki tun a ranar takwas ga watan Fabrairu shekarar alif 1975 biyo bayan rasuwar Sarkin Zazzau na goma sha bakwai Muhammadu Aminu a sannan Idris yana da shekaru talatin da tara 39 a rayuwarsa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/168711-zazzau-emirate-council-member-shot-dead-in-kaduna.html|title=Zazzau Emirate Council Member shot dead in Kaduna|work= Premium|accessdate=10 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/features/347820/owe-long-life-peaceful-coexistence-almighty-allah-shehu-idris|title=I Owe Long Life, Peaceful Coexistence To Almighty Allah – Shehu Idris|work=Leadership Newspaper|accessdate=10 November 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909064309/http://leadership.ng/features/347820/owe-long-life-peaceful-coexistence-almighty-allah-shehu-idris|archivedate=9 September 2015}}</ref> Mahaifinsa shine Malam Idris Auta, mahaifiyarsa kuma itace Hajiya Aminatu Idris.<ref>https://dailytrust.com/history-beckons-as-emir-of-zazzau-marks-45th-anniversary{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. == Farkon Rayuwa == Tarihin mai martaba sarkin [[zazzau]] Alhaji Shehu Idris ya fara ne daga Ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairu a shekara ta alif 1936, wanda shine asalin ranar da aka haifawa malam Idiris Autan Sambo da malama Aminatu matarsa ta uku (mahaifan shehu Idris). Bayan sati daya da haihuwarsa an sanya ma yaron suna SHEHU USMAN kamar yadda addini da al’ada suka tanadar. An haifi Idris daga gidan malam Idiris Auta wanda akafi sani da Auta Sambo tare da matarsa Hajiya Aminatu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Emir Shehu Idris of Zazzau: Exit of a gentleman peacemaker|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/daily-trust/20200921/281565178190492|website=www.pressreader.com|accessdate=21 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="Adamu">{{cite web|url=http://www.kabidonews.com/hh-alhaji-dr-shehu-idris-the-fragrance-always-stays-in-the-hands-that-gives-the-rose/|title=HH Alhaji Shehi Idris|last1=Marshal|first1=Adamu|last2=|first2=|date=14 January 2015|website=Kabidonews.com|publisher=|access-date=30 April 2016|quote=|archive-date=7 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507115422/http://www.kabidonews.com/hh-alhaji-dr-shehu-idris-the-fragrance-always-stays-in-the-hands-that-gives-the-rose/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Karatu == Shehu ya fara karatu yana ɗan shekara biyar. A wannan shekarun ba’a aika shi makarantar nursery ko firamari ba sai dai an tura shi makarantar islamiyya inda ya koyo karatun Al-Qur’ani kamar yadda [[addini]] ya tanadar. Shehu ya kasance dalibi mafi kwazo a lokacin da yake zuwa makarantar Allo, saboda baya taba yin fashin ajin safe ko na yamma ba tare da wani dalili mai ƙarfi ba. Ranaku biyar ne ake zuwa Makarantar a sati watau daga Asabar zuwa laraba ƙarfe 7:30 zuwa 11:30 da safe, sai kuma 2:30 zuwa 6:00 da yamma.<ref name=":1">Dalhatu, Ibrahim. Alhaji Shehu Idris,the 18th fulani emir of zazzau. Hassan, Musa. p.p. 60-63 ISBN 978-2118-028</ref> A lokacin da ya kai shekara 11 an sanyashi makarantar zamani a nan garin Zariya  a shekarar 1947. Duk da yana zuwa makarantar boko domin neman ilimin zamani, hakan bai hana shi cigaba da karatunsa na addini ba.<ref name=":1" />. [[File:Masarautar Zazzau 01.jpg|thumb|261x261px]] == Sarauta == Shehu Idris ya zama Sarki ne sanda Jihar take a matsayin Jihar Arewa ta Tsakiya a shekara ta 1975. A shekarar mai zuwa, Janar [[Murtala Mohammed]] lokacin yana Shugaban ƙasa ya canja mata suna zuwa [[Jihar Kaduna]]. Bayan an kwashe shekaru goma sha ɗaya, sai Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] ya raba jihar zuwa gida biyu [[Katsina]] da [[Jihar Kaduna]] a shekara ta 1987. Inda rabewar ya haifar da natsuwa akan tashin hankalin dake faruwa tsakanin Masarautar Katsina da ta Zazzau a sanda suke jiha ɗaya. Amma duk da wancan rabewar kuma, sai aka sake samo wata sabuwar rabuwa tsakanin mutanen dake rayuwa a kudancin Kaduna da Arewacin Kaduna.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/168711-zazzau-emirate-council-member-shot-dead-in-kaduna.html|title=Zazzau Emirate Council Member shot dead in Kaduna|work=Premium|accessdate=10 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/features/347820/owe-long-life-peaceful-coexistence-almighty-allah-shehu-idris|title=I Owe Long Life, Peaceful Coexistence To Almighty Allah – Shehu Idris|work=Leadership Newspaper|accessdate=10 November 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909064309/http://leadership.ng/features/347820/owe-long-life-peaceful-coexistence-almighty-allah-shehu-idris|archivedate=9 September 2015}}</ref> Idris ya fara karatunsa ne daga samun koyarwa na addini a wurin malamai a Zariya da Kuma cigaba da karatun sa a makarantar Zariya Elementary School.<ref name="newswire">{{cite web|title=The Emir of Zazzau, His royal Highness Alh(Dr) Shehu Idris, is dead|url=https://newswirengr.com/2020/09/20/the-emir-of-zazzau-his-royal-highness-alhdr-shehu-idris-is-dead/|website=NewsWire NGR|accessdate=21 September 2020}}</ref> Yana elementary school dafa a shekarar 1947 zuwa shekara ta 1950, Inda a wannan lokacin ya rasa mahaifinsa yana da shekara 12.<ref name="newswire" /> Idris ya cigaba da karatun alkur’ani da na zamani har yakai ga Zariya Middle School a shekarar 1950 sa'annan ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1955.<ref name="newswire" /> Sannan ya shiga Katsina Training College inda yazama malamin makaranta mai koyarwa.<ref name="Adamu" /> Wanda wannan rabuwa ta haifar da rashin jituwa da dama. Waɗanda suka shahara sune Rikicin Kafanchan a shekarar 1987, Faɗan Zangon Kataf sau biyu a shekarar 1992, faɗan Shari’a a 2000 da kuma faɗan bayan zaɓen shekara ta 2011 da shekara ta 2012. Lokacin sarautar Shehu Idris, yawancin dukkanin yankunan al'umma dake cikin garin Zazzau waɗanda ba Hausawa ba an basu cin gashin kansu kuma suka zama Masarautun kansu. Wannan yakamata ya baƙanta ma Idris rai. Biyo bayan ƙirƙiran wata sabuwar masarauta a 2001, wasu bangaren Musulmai dake Zazzau suma sun nemi a basu cin gashin kansu. Samun kaiwa shekaru 45 a sarauta ba ƙaramin abu bane, Kuma ya zamo mafi tsawon mulki a tarihin sarautar Zazzau. A yan' wannan karnin, an sha samun tsige-tsigen sarakunan gargajiya a masarautun Arewacin Najeriya. Sultan [[Ibrahim Dasuki]] an tsige shi a 1996, sarkin Gwandu Almustapha Jokolo an tsige shi a 2005 da Kuma Sarkin Kano [[Muhammadu Sanusi]] na II shi ma an tsige shi a farkon shekarar 2020. Haka Kuma sarakunan a Muri, Suleja da Agaie. Sai dai Sarkin Zazzau ya kiyaye wa kansa duk wani abunda zai sanya asamu matsala tsakanin shi da wani Shugaba. ==Aiki == Idris nada shekaru 39 ne a sanda ya zama Sarkin Zazzau a watan Fabrairu na shekara ta alif 1975. Gabanin hawan sa sarauta ya kasance hakimi Kuma malamin makaranta. Gwamnan Kaduna na wancan lokacin Birgediya [[Abba Kyari]] shine ya naɗa Shehu Idris a matsayin Sarkin Zazzau na sha takwas a shekara ta alif 1975. [[File:Masarautar Zazzau 06.jpg|thumb|233x233px|Shehu Idris a makarantar sakandiri]] == Dangi == Shehu shine ɗa na biyar a wajen mahaifiyarsa kuma ɗa na shida a cikin maza a wajen mahaifinsa. Shehu ƙarami ya kasance kyauta ne mai matuƙar rahama daga Allah wanda iyayensa suka yiwa Allah godiya akan samunsa da suka yi.<ref name=":0">Dalhatu, Ibrahim. Alhaji Shehu Idris, the 18th fulani emir of zazzau. Hassan, Musa. p.p. 57-59 ISBN 978-2118-028</ref> Shehu Idris ya taso ne a gidan yawa saboda mahaifinsa yana da mata har guda huɗu, kuma gidan ya kasance daga sashin mulkin katsinawa a zazzau. Shehu ya samu tarbiyya kai tsaye daga wajen iyayensa malam Idris Autan Sambo da malama Aminatu tare da taimakon sauran iyayensa mata na gida. Malama Suwaibatu, Malama Zainabu, Malama Raliyatu. Kuma dukkanin su sun karkatu ne akan tarbiyya ta addini da kuma al’adu na ƙwarai. Al’ada ne a ƙasar hausa uwa take ɓoye sunan ɗanta na farko ko na biyu saboda alkunya, amma malama Aminatu ta ɓoye gaba ɗaya sunayen yaranta guda biyar inda kowanne ta bashi laƙabi da take kiransa da shi, ya kasance shehu ya samu suna “Na Allah”. Kuma ta kanyi wasa dashi a matsayin yaronta na biyar.<ref name=":0" /> Shehu ƙarami ya kasance kyauta ne mai matuƙar rahama daga Allah wanda iyayensa suka yiwa [[Allah]] godiya akan samunsa da suka yi.<ref>Dalhatu, Ibrahim. Alhaji Shehu Idris, the 18th fulani emir of zazzau. Hassan, Musa. p.p. 57-59 ISBN 978-2118-028</ref> == Mutuwa == A yanzu bayan rasuwar Alhaji Shehu Idris gasar data daɗe a kwance ta tashi tsakanin a wane gida ne Sabon sarki zai fito, Barebari, [[Mallawa]], [[Sullubawa]] ne ko kuma daga gidan Shehu Idris [[Katsinawa]]. Yarimomi sun daɗe tsawon shekaru arba'in da biyar (45) suna jiran wannan damar. == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Masarautar Zazzau 09.jpg|Shehu Idris a Makarantar Jami'a dake Landan. File:Masarautar Zazzau 10.jpg File:Masarautar Zazzau 07.jpg </gallery> == Bibilyo == * Dalhatu, Ibrahim. Alhaji Shehu Idris, the 18th fulani emir of zazzau. Hassan, Musa. ISBN 978-2118-028 ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Idris, Shehu}} [[Category:Sarakunan Zazzau]] [[Category:Sarakunan Nijeriya]] pyeo5lseifgpg9udcophlk6uk3tfgca 821101 821100 2026-04-14T09:55:44Z Pharouqenr 25549 821101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Masarautar Zazzau 08.jpg|thumb|Sarkin Zazzau Na 18]] [[File:Masarautar Zazzau 09.jpg|thumb|masarautar Zazzau 09]] [[Fayil:Masarautar Zazzau 07.jpg|thumb]] '''Shehu Idris''' (An haife shi a shekarar alif 1936 ya rasu a shekarar ta 2020), ya kasance shine [[Sarki]]n [[Zazzau]] na goma sha takwas 18 a jerin sarakunan [[Zaria|Zariya]] dake [[Jihar Kaduna]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-21 |title=Buhari, N-Govs, others mourn as Emir of Zazzau, Shehu Idris dies at 84 |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/09/buhari-n-govs-others-mourn-as-emir-of-zazzau-shehu-idris-dies-at-84/ |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> a sarakunan Fulani a karkashin Daular usmanniya ta [[Musulunci]] [[Sokoto]] [[Najeriya]].<ref name="breaking"/> Shehu idris shine da na biyar a wajen mahaifiyarsa kuma da na shida a cikin maza a wajen mahaifinsa. Shehu Idiris ya kasance shine mafi tsawon mulki a tarihin masarautar ƙasar Zazzau, ya kwashe tsawon shekaru arba'in da biyar 45 a sarautarm akan karagar mulkin zazzau Ya hau karagar mulki tun a ranar takwas ga watan Fabrairu shekarar alif 1975 biyo bayan rasuwar Sarkin Zazzau na goma sha bakwai Muhammadu Aminu a sannan Idris yana da shekaru talatin da tara 39 a rayuwarsa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/168711-zazzau-emirate-council-member-shot-dead-in-kaduna.html|title=Zazzau Emirate Council Member shot dead in Kaduna|work= Premium|accessdate=10 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/features/347820/owe-long-life-peaceful-coexistence-almighty-allah-shehu-idris|title=I Owe Long Life, Peaceful Coexistence To Almighty Allah – Shehu Idris|work=Leadership Newspaper|accessdate=10 November 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909064309/http://leadership.ng/features/347820/owe-long-life-peaceful-coexistence-almighty-allah-shehu-idris|archivedate=9 September 2015}}</ref> Mahaifinsa shine Malam Idris Auta, mahaifiyarsa kuma itace Hajiya Aminatu Idris.<ref>https://dailytrust.com/history-beckons-as-emir-of-zazzau-marks-45th-anniversary{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. == Farkon Rayuwa == Tarihin mai martaba sarkin [[zazzau]] Alhaji Shehu Idris ya fara ne daga Ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairu a shekara ta alif 1936, wanda shine asalin ranar da aka haifawa malam Idiris Autan Sambo da malama Aminatu matarsa ta uku (mahaifan shehu Idris). Bayan sati daya da haihuwarsa an sanya ma yaron suna SHEHU USMAN kamar yadda addini da al’ada suka tanadar. An haifi Idris daga gidan malam Idiris Auta wanda akafi sani da Auta Sambo tare da matarsa Hajiya Aminatu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Emir Shehu Idris of Zazzau: Exit of a gentleman peacemaker|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/daily-trust/20200921/281565178190492|website=www.pressreader.com|accessdate=21 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="Adamu">{{cite web|url=http://www.kabidonews.com/hh-alhaji-dr-shehu-idris-the-fragrance-always-stays-in-the-hands-that-gives-the-rose/|title=HH Alhaji Shehi Idris|last1=Marshal|first1=Adamu|last2=|first2=|date=14 January 2015|website=Kabidonews.com|publisher=|access-date=30 April 2016|quote=|archive-date=7 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507115422/http://www.kabidonews.com/hh-alhaji-dr-shehu-idris-the-fragrance-always-stays-in-the-hands-that-gives-the-rose/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Karatu == Shehu ya fara karatu yana ɗan shekara biyar. A wannan shekarun ba’a aika shi makarantar nursery ko firamari ba sai dai an tura shi makarantar islamiyya inda ya koyo karatun Al-Qur’ani kamar yadda [[addini]] ya tanadar. Shehu ya kasance dalibi mafi kwazo a lokacin da yake zuwa makarantar Allo, saboda baya taba yin fashin ajin safe ko na yamma ba tare da wani dalili mai ƙarfi ba. Ranaku biyar ne ake zuwa Makarantar a sati watau daga Asabar zuwa laraba ƙarfe 7:30 zuwa 11:30 da safe, sai kuma 2:30 zuwa 6:00 da yamma.<ref name=":1">Dalhatu, Ibrahim. Alhaji Shehu Idris,the 18th fulani emir of zazzau. Hassan, Musa. p.p. 60-63 ISBN 978-2118-028</ref> A lokacin da ya kai shekara 11 an sanyashi makarantar zamani a nan garin Zariya  a shekarar 1947. Duk da yana zuwa makarantar boko domin neman ilimin zamani, hakan bai hana shi cigaba da karatunsa na addini ba.<ref name=":1" />. [[File:Masarautar Zazzau 01.jpg|thumb|261x261px]] == Sarauta == Shehu Idris ya zama Sarki ne sanda Jihar take a matsayin Jihar Arewa ta Tsakiya a shekara ta 1975. A shekarar mai zuwa, Janar [[Murtala Mohammed]] lokacin yana Shugaban ƙasa ya canja mata suna zuwa [[Jihar Kaduna]]. Bayan an kwashe shekaru goma sha ɗaya, sai Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] ya raba jihar zuwa gida biyu [[Katsina]] da [[Jihar Kaduna]] a shekara ta 1987. Inda rabewar ya haifar da natsuwa akan tashin hankalin dake faruwa tsakanin Masarautar Katsina da ta Zazzau a sanda suke jiha ɗaya. Amma duk da wancan rabewar kuma, sai aka sake samo wata sabuwar rabuwa tsakanin mutanen dake rayuwa a kudancin Kaduna da Arewacin Kaduna.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/168711-zazzau-emirate-council-member-shot-dead-in-kaduna.html|title=Zazzau Emirate Council Member shot dead in Kaduna|work=Premium|accessdate=10 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/features/347820/owe-long-life-peaceful-coexistence-almighty-allah-shehu-idris|title=I Owe Long Life, Peaceful Coexistence To Almighty Allah – Shehu Idris|work=Leadership Newspaper|accessdate=10 November 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909064309/http://leadership.ng/features/347820/owe-long-life-peaceful-coexistence-almighty-allah-shehu-idris|archivedate=9 September 2015}}</ref> Idris ya fara karatunsa ne daga samun koyarwa na addini a wurin malamai a Zariya da Kuma cigaba da karatun sa a makarantar Zariya Elementary School.<ref name="newswire">{{cite web|title=The Emir of Zazzau, His royal Highness Alh(Dr) Shehu Idris, is dead|url=https://newswirengr.com/2020/09/20/the-emir-of-zazzau-his-royal-highness-alhdr-shehu-idris-is-dead/|website=NewsWire NGR|accessdate=21 September 2020}}</ref> Yana elementary school dafa a shekarar 1947 zuwa shekara ta 1950, Inda a wannan lokacin ya rasa mahaifinsa yana da shekara 12.<ref name="newswire" /> Idris ya cigaba da karatun alkur’ani da na zamani har yakai ga Zariya Middle School a shekarar 1950 sa'annan ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1955.<ref name="newswire" /> Sannan ya shiga Katsina Training College inda yazama malamin makaranta mai koyarwa.<ref name="Adamu" /> Wanda wannan rabuwa ta haifar da rashin jituwa da dama. Waɗanda suka shahara sune Rikicin Kafanchan a shekarar 1987, Faɗan Zangon Kataf sau biyu a shekarar 1992, faɗan Shari’a a 2000 da kuma faɗan bayan zaɓen shekara ta 2011 da shekara ta 2012. Lokacin sarautar Shehu Idris, yawancin dukkanin yankunan al'umma dake cikin garin Zazzau waɗanda ba Hausawa ba an basu cin gashin kansu kuma suka zama Masarautun kansu. Wannan yakamata ya baƙanta ma Idris rai. Biyo bayan ƙirƙiran wata sabuwar masarauta a 2001, wasu bangaren Musulmai dake Zazzau suma sun nemi a basu cin gashin kansu. Samun kaiwa shekaru 45 a sarauta ba ƙaramin abu bane, Kuma ya zamo mafi tsawon mulki a tarihin sarautar Zazzau. A yan' wannan karnin, an sha samun tsige-tsigen sarakunan gargajiya a masarautun Arewacin Najeriya. Sultan [[Ibrahim Dasuki]] an tsige shi a 1996, sarkin Gwandu Almustapha Jokolo an tsige shi a 2005 da Kuma Sarkin Kano [[Sanusi Lamido Sanusi|Muhammadu Sanusi]] na II shi ma an tsige shi a farkon shekarar 2020. Haka Kuma sarakunan a Muri, Suleja da Agaie. Sai dai Sarkin Zazzau ya kiyaye wa kansa duk wani abunda zai sanya asamu matsala tsakanin shi da wani Shugaba. ==Aiki == Idris nada shekaru 39 ne a sanda ya zama Sarkin Zazzau a watan Fabrairu na shekara ta alif 1975. Gabanin hawan sa sarauta ya kasance hakimi Kuma malamin makaranta. Gwamnan Kaduna na wancan lokacin Birgediya [[Abba Kyari]] shine ya naɗa Shehu Idris a matsayin Sarkin Zazzau na sha takwas a shekara ta alif 1975. [[File:Masarautar Zazzau 06.jpg|thumb|233x233px|Shehu Idris a makarantar sakandiri]] == Dangi == Shehu shine ɗa na biyar a wajen mahaifiyarsa kuma ɗa na shida a cikin maza a wajen mahaifinsa. Shehu ƙarami ya kasance kyauta ne mai matuƙar rahama daga Allah wanda iyayensa suka yiwa Allah godiya akan samunsa da suka yi.<ref name=":0">Dalhatu, Ibrahim. Alhaji Shehu Idris, the 18th fulani emir of zazzau. Hassan, Musa. p.p. 57-59 ISBN 978-2118-028</ref> Shehu Idris ya taso ne a gidan yawa saboda mahaifinsa yana da mata har guda huɗu, kuma gidan ya kasance daga sashin mulkin katsinawa a zazzau. Shehu ya samu tarbiyya kai tsaye daga wajen iyayensa malam Idris Autan Sambo da malama Aminatu tare da taimakon sauran iyayensa mata na gida. Malama Suwaibatu, Malama Zainabu, Malama Raliyatu. Kuma dukkanin su sun karkatu ne akan tarbiyya ta addini da kuma al’adu na ƙwarai. Al’ada ne a ƙasar hausa uwa take ɓoye sunan ɗanta na farko ko na biyu saboda alkunya, amma malama Aminatu ta ɓoye gaba ɗaya sunayen yaranta guda biyar inda kowanne ta bashi laƙabi da take kiransa da shi, ya kasance shehu ya samu suna “Na Allah”. Kuma ta kanyi wasa dashi a matsayin yaronta na biyar.<ref name=":0" /> Shehu ƙarami ya kasance kyauta ne mai matuƙar rahama daga Allah wanda iyayensa suka yiwa [[Allah]] godiya akan samunsa da suka yi.<ref>Dalhatu, Ibrahim. Alhaji Shehu Idris, the 18th fulani emir of zazzau. Hassan, Musa. p.p. 57-59 ISBN 978-2118-028</ref> == Mutuwa == A yanzu bayan rasuwar Alhaji Shehu Idris gasar data daɗe a kwance ta tashi tsakanin a wane gida ne Sabon sarki zai fito, Barebari, [[Mallawa]], [[Sullubawa]] ne ko kuma daga gidan Shehu Idris [[Katsinawa]]. Yarimomi sun daɗe tsawon shekaru arba'in da biyar (45) suna jiran wannan damar. == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Masarautar Zazzau 09.jpg|Shehu Idris a Makarantar Jami'a dake Landan. File:Masarautar Zazzau 10.jpg File:Masarautar Zazzau 07.jpg </gallery> == Bibilyo == * Dalhatu, Ibrahim. Alhaji Shehu Idris, the 18th fulani emir of zazzau. Hassan, Musa. ISBN 978-2118-028 ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Idris, Shehu}} [[Category:Sarakunan Zazzau]] [[Category:Sarakunan Nijeriya]] rihc4u43kqmux6ymhwk4i6spywa7vcq 0 10782 821019 487248 2026-04-14T05:12:26Z Saad Nuhu 43323 gyaran shafi na dan kwallon kafa na England 821019 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Callum Hudson-Odoi 2022 (non-blurred version).jpg|thumb|Callum Hudson-Odoi]] {{Infobox football biography | name = Callum Hudson-Odoi | full_name = Callum James Hudson-Odoi | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2000|11|7}} | birth_place = Wandsworth, London, Ingila | position = Winger | currentclub = Nottingham Forest | clubnumber = 14 | youthyears1 = 2007–2018 | youthclubs1 = Chelsea | years1 = 2018–2023 | clubs1 = Chelsea | caps1 = 72 | goals1 = 4 | years2 = 2022–2023 | clubs2 = → Bayer Leverkusen (aro) | caps2 = 14 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2023– | clubs3 = Nottingham Forest | caps3 = 0 | goals3 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 2015–2016 | nationalteam1 = Ingila U16 | nationalcaps1 = 6 | nationalgoals1 = 1 | nationalyears2 = 2016–2017 | nationalteam2 = Ingila U17 | nationalcaps2 = 15 | nationalgoals2 = 2 | nationalyears3 = 2018–2019 | nationalteam3 = Ingila U21 | nationalcaps3 = 9 | nationalgoals3 = 3 | nationalyears4 = 2019– | nationalteam4 = Ingila | nationalcaps4 = 3 | nationalgoals4 = 0 }} '''Callum James Hudson-Odoi''' (an haife shi ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 2000) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙasar Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin winger ga kulob din [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] a gasar [[Premier League]] ta Ingila.<ref>{{cite web|title=Callum Hudson-Odoi Profile|url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/14486/Callum-Hudson-Odoi/overview|publisher=Premier League}}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Hudson-Odoi a Wandsworth, London, kuma yana da asalin ƙasar Ghana ta wajen iyayensa. Ya shiga makarantar matasa ta [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] tun yana ƙarami inda ya fara nuna bajinta a matakin yara.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hudson-Odoi Biography|url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/teams/profile/callum-hudson-odoi|publisher=Chelsea FC}}</ref> == Aikin Kulob == === Chelsea === Hudson-Odoi ya fara bugawa babbar ƙungiyar Chelsea wasa a shekarar 2018 bayan ya fito daga ajin matasa. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Chelsea ta samu a gasar [[UEFA Europa League]] ta shekarar 2018–19.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chelsea win Europa League 2019|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/0253-0d81c6a6b2df-7c0b8d5c4d19-1000--chelsea-win-europa-league/|publisher=UEFA}}</ref> === Aro zuwa Bayer Leverkusen === A kakar wasa ta 2022–23, an bayar da shi aro zuwa kulob din [[Bayer 04 Leverkusen]] na Jamus domin samun ƙarin lokacin wasa a gasar [[Bundesliga]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Hudson-Odoi joins Leverkusen on loan|url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/callum-hudson-odoi-joins-bayer-leverkusen-on-loan-from-chelsea-21000|publisher=Bundesliga}}</ref> === Nottingham Forest === A shekarar 2023 ya koma [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] inda ya rattaba hannu kan kwangila ta dindindin domin ci gaba da taka leda a Premier League.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nottingham Forest sign Hudson-Odoi|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙasa == Hudson-Odoi ya wakilci Ingila a matakan U16, U17, da U21 kafin ya fara bugawa babbar tawagar [[Ingila]] wasa a shekarar 2019, inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin matasan 'yan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da suka fara taka leda a gasar neman cancantar [[UEFA Euro]].<ref>{{cite web|title=England debut for Hudson-Odoi|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/47677761|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Nasarori == ;Chelsea * [[UEFA Europa League]]: 2018–19<ref>{{cite web|title=Europa League 2019 Final|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/history/seasons/2019/|publisher=UEFA}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2000 births]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila]] [[Category:Nottingham Forest F.C. players]] [[Category:Chelsea F.C. players]] a4fk2wlfcpdp50msv0ktghdpgqjn3ht 4 11155 821104 50255 2026-04-14T11:55:42Z CommonsDelinker 75 Replacing Logo_for_the_beta_feature_FileExporter.svg with [[File:Logo_for_FileExporter.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · Has been a default feature si 821104 wikitext text/x-wiki == Neman Administrator == I will like to request administrator access on this Wiki which will give me the ability to do some cleanup tasks, like deleting irrelevant/spam pages and correcting some wrongly titled pages which cannot be done ordinarily. You can give feedback or ask question about this, by editing this section. Thanks. ---- Ina neman a ba ni damar administrator a wannan Wiki domin yin gyare-gyare, goge shafuka wadanda ba su da amfani da kuma gyara shafukan da sunayensu yake ba daidai ba. Kuma ana iya yin bayani ko kuma tambaya a kan hakan a nan kasa. Na gode. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 09:07, 7 Mayu 2018 (UTC) *Support. [[User:Mohammed Mustapha Aliyu|Mohammed Mustapha Aliyu]] ([[User talk:Mohammed Mustapha Aliyu|talk]]) 09:46, 15 Mayu 2018 (UTC) *Support, of course! --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 05:43, 8 Mayu 2018 (UTC) *Support a temporary. [[User:DARIO SEVERI|DARIO SEVERI]] ([[User talk:DARIO SEVERI|talk]]) 09:43, 11 Mayu 2018 (UTC) *Support!. [[User:Sergio Junior Guitarist|Sergio Junior Guitarist]] ([[User talk:Sergio Junior Guitarist|talk]]) 18:49, 12 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == AdvancedSearch == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> From May 8, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:AdvancedSearch|AdvancedSearch]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] in your wiki. The feature enhances the [[Special:Search|search page]] through an advanced parameters form and aims to make [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch/Functional_scope|existing search options]] more visible and accessible for everyone. AdvancedSearch is a project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/AdvancedSearch|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well in your work! </div> [[m:User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 14:53, 7 Mayu 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=17995461 --> == Gudanarwa/administrator == Hello All, I've been working on the Hausa Wikipedia for one year and since as of now there are no local admins on this project, I ask you to kindly support that I receive administrator rights. This will enable me to delete irrelevant pages, improve the main page, block users who are vandalizing the project, etc. If anyone has a problem with this just let me know. I'm a quite experienced Wikimedia user (20'000+ edits, mostly on the French Wikipedia, close to 2'000 edits here), I speak very basic Hausa and I'm in touch with Wikimedia Nigeria in order to try to increase contributions from Hausa speakers. If you support this, you can write "Support", if you don't, you can write "Oppose". Also, if you've been working here for a while, you can receive admin rights as well, which will make everything much easier. Thanks a lot, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 05:44, 8 Mayu 2018 (UTC) Barka da rana, Ina da aka gyara da Hausa Wikipedia a lokacin da shekara guda. Za ku iya tallafawa ni don haka an ba ni yancin administrator a cikin Wikipedia da harshen Hausa? Wannan zai taimaka mini don share shafuka, na inganta babban shafi, na daina masu amfani da suke tabarbarewa da aikin. Idan wani yana da wata matsala tare da wannan, don Allah gaya mani. Ina da kwarewa a gyara Wikipedia, na ina ji Hausa kadan-kadan. Ina aiki tare da Wikimedia Nijeriya domin ya kara sa hannu zuwa Wikipedia a harshen Hausa. Ka iya rubuta "ee" ko "a'a". Nagode sosai, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 05:44, 8 Mayu 2018 (UTC) *'''Support''' DonCamillo has edited here more than I do, almost tripled. Has held the right two times previously and we are working for revival of this project. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 08:16, 8 Mayu 2018 (UTC) *'''Support'''. I noticed that in this Wikipeda DonCamillo has 2,000 editions and in French more than 17,000. He was an administrator on French and also here before. [[User:DARIO SEVERI|DARIO SEVERI]] ([[User talk:DARIO SEVERI|talk]]) 09:25, 11 Mayu 2018 (UTC) *'''Support''': DonCamillo has been contributing to this project since the end of 2016, and since then the project has been growing and improving, and he is one of the most active editors in this project. It also has more than 17,000 edtions on the French Wikipedia. [[User:Sergio Junior Guitarist|Sergio Junior Guitarist]] ([[User talk:Sergio Junior Guitarist|talk]]) 18:43, 12 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == Databox == Barka da rana, A new tool was recently created on Wikidata, it is called [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53931871 Databox]. Basically, it will allow you to add boxes to article with a lot of information coming directly from Wikidata. This can add a lot of information to short articles, or allow us to create new articles nearly automatically. To use this tool, we need to translate into Hausa a lot of Wikidata "properties". If you are familiar with Wikidata, you can translate them directly in Wikidata. If you are not familiar with Wikidata, you can translate directly the properties on [[User:DonCamillo|my user page]] and I will transfer them to Wikidata later. I have created [[Napoleon|this page]] to give you an idea of what it can look like. As you can see most of the "properties" are still in English because they have not been translated yet. Na gode sosai! --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 07:48, 30 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2018) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to research and tools as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/69/ Rock's Backpages]''' – Music articles and interviews from the 1950s onwards - 50 accounts * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/68/ Invaluable]''' – Database of more than 50 million auctions and over 500,000 artists - 15 accounts * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/70/ Termsoup]''' – Translation tool '''Expansions''' * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/43/ Fold3]''' – Available content has more than doubled, now including new military collections from the UK, Australia, and New Zealand. * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/52/ Oxford University Press]''' – The Scholarship collection now includes [http://www.e-enlightenment.com/ Electronic Enlightenment] * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/60/ Alexander Street Press]''' – [https://alexanderstreet.com/products/women-and-social-movements-library Women and Social Movements Library] now available * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/58/ Cambridge University Press]''' – [http://orlando.cambridge.org/ Orlando Collection] now available Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/41/ Loeb Classical Library], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:03, 30 Mayu 2018 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=18064061 --> == Zuwa ga Admins == Barkan mu da yau, A matsayina na bahaushe Kuma mai son taimakawa a wannan sashe na Wikipedia Hausa ina so na ba Admins na wannan sashe shawara gamae da Fassara. Ina nufin yadda za'a fassara wadansu kalmomin na turanci musamman ma kamar kalmomin musamman na yanar gizo. Misali: *''Format'' *''Item'' *''Code'' *''Encyclopedia'' *''Random'' *''Cookies'' Da dai sauran makamantan irin wadannan da yawa. A matsayina na mai yawan son yin fassarar makaloli daga Turanci zuwa Hausa irin wadannan kalmomi na wahalar dani. Kamata yayi admins na wannan shafin su dauki irin wadannan kalmomin su tura ma masana domin fassaro su sannan su aje mana su a shafin taimako. Nagode -- [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|AAGWANKI]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 11:24, 1 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC) == Global preferences are available == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Global preferences are now available, you can set them by visiting your new [[Special:GlobalPreferences|global preferences page]]. Visit [[mw:Help:Extension:GlobalPreferences|mediawiki.org for information on how to use them]] and [[mw:Help talk:Extension:GlobalPreferences|leave feedback]]. -- [[User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 19:19, 10 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=17968247 --> == Consultation on the creation of a separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''({{int:please-translate}})'' Hi all, I'm preparing a change in who can edit sitewide CSS/JS pages. (These are pages like <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Common.css</code> and <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Vector.js</code> which are executed in the browser of all readers and editors.) Currently all administrators are able to edit these pages, which poses a serious and unnecessary security risk. Soon, a dedicated, smaller user group will take over this task. Your community will be able to decide who belongs in this group, so this should mean very little change for you. You can find out more and provide feedback at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|the consultation page on Meta]]. If you are involved in maintaining CSS/JS code, or policymaking around adminship requests, please give it a look! Thanks! <br/><span dir="ltr">[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 08:45, 12 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC) <small>(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])</small></span> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tgr@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Nonechnical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=18199925 --> == New user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''({{int:please-translate}})'' Hi all! To improve the security of our readers and editors, permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed. (These are pages like <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Common.css</code> and <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Vector.js</code> which contain code that is executed in the browsers of users of the site.) A new user group, <code dir="ltr">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]</code>, has been created. Starting four weeks from now, only members of this group will be able edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with <code dir="ltr">.css</code> or <code dir="ltr">.js</code> that is either in the <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:</code> namespace or is another user's user subpage). You can learn more about the motivation behind the change [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|here]]. Please add users who need to edit CSS/JS to the new group (this can be done the same way new administrators are added, by stewards or local bureaucrats). This is a dangerous permission; a malicious user or a hacker taking over the account of a careless interface-admin can abuse it in far worse ways than admin permissions could be abused. Please only assign it to users who need it, who are trusted by the community, and who follow common basic password and computer security practices (use strong passwords, do not reuse passwords, use two-factor authentication if possible, do not install software of questionable origin on your machine, use antivirus software if that's a standard thing in your environment). Thanks! <br/><span dir="ltr">[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 13:08, 30 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC) <small>(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])</small></span> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tgr@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=17968247 --> == Editing of sitewide CSS/JS is only possible for interface administrators from now == ''({{int:please-translate}})'' <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi all, as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS/announcement 2|announced previously]], permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed: only members of the <code>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]</code> ({{int:group-interface-admin}}) group, and a few highly privileged global groups such as stewards, can edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with .css or .js that is either in the MediaWiki: namespace or is another user's user subpage). This is done to improve the security of readers and editors of Wikimedia projects. More information is available at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS]]. If you encounter any unexpected problems, please contact me or file a bug. Thanks!<br /> [[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 12:39, 27 ga Augusta, 2018 (UTC) <small>(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tgr@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18258712 --> == Databox == Barka da yamma, Nagode sosai da taimakonku. We have now more than 300 properties translated into Hausa on Wikidata, which is very helpful and allows us to have infoboxes almost completely translated into Hausa, like on [[Napoleon]]. Please, if you see any box with properties still in English, you can add the translation to [[Wikipedia:Databox|this page]]? For cities, countries, states, regions, famous people, animal or plant species... this allows to have a lot of information available in Hausa. Thanks a lot! –[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 14:55, 3 ga Satumba, 2018 (UTC) == Read-only mode for up to an hour on 12 September and 10 October == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|Read this message in another language]] • {{int:please-translate}} The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic to the secondary data center on '''Wednesday, 12 September 2018'''. On '''Wednesday, 10 October 2018''', they will switch back to the primary data center. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop when we switch. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Wednesday, 12 September and Wednesday, 10 October. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20170503T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Thursday 13 September and Thursday 11 October). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the weeks of 10 September 2018 and 8 October 2018. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. '''Please share this information with your community.''' /<span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Johan (WMF)|talk]])</span> </div></div> 13:33, 6 ga Satumba, 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18333489 --> == The Community Wishlist Survey == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> The Community Wishlist Survey. {{Int:Please-translate}}. Hey everyone, The Community Wishlist Survey is the process when the Wikimedia communities decide what the Wikimedia Foundation [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] should work on over the next year. The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors. You can post technical proposals from now until 11 November. The communities will vote on the proposals between 16 November and 30 November. You can read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|wishlist survey page]]. <span dir=ltr>/[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan (WMF)]]</span></div></div> 11:06, 30 Oktoba 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18458512 --> == Hausa translation of technical terms == Barka da rana, As of now we are using the English word "stub" for very short articles. What do you think of using the word "guntu" in order to replace it? That would imply the renaming of [[:Category:Stubs]] to [[:Category:Guntaye]] (guntaye being more common that guntattaki as a plural for guntu). I could ask someone to do it with a robot if no one disagrees. Nagode sosai, –[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:12, 2 Nuwamba, 2018 (UTC) == Editing News #2—2018 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/October|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> Did you know that you can use the visual editor on a mobile device? [[File:Mobile editing watchlist star editing pencil.png|alt=Screenshot showing the location of the pencil icon|center|frameless|250px]] Tap on the pencil icon to start editing. The page will probably open in the wikitext editor. You will see another pencil icon in the toolbar. Tap on that pencil icon to the switch between visual editing and wikitext editing. [[File:Visual editing mobile switch wikitext.png|alt=Toolbar with menu opened|center|frameless|250px]] Remember to publish your changes when you're done. You can read and help translate [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.</div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:Editing|Editing Team]] has wrapped up most of their work on the [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] and [[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|the visual diff tool]]. The team has begun investigating the needs of editors who use mobile devices. Their work board is available [[phab:project/view/3236/|in Phabricator]]. Their [[mw:Wikimedia Audiences/2018-19 Q2 Goals#Contributors|current priorities]] are fixing bugs and improving mobile editing. === Recent changes === *The Editing team has published an [[mw:Mobile editing using the visual editor report|initial report about mobile editing]]. *The Editing team has begun a design study of visual editing on the mobile website. New editors have trouble doing basic tasks on a smartphone, such as adding links to Wikipedia articles. You can [[c:File:Visual Editor Heuristic - Results.pdf|read the report]]. *The Reading team is working on a [[mw:Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|separate mobile-based contributions project]]. *The 2006 wikitext editor is [[mw:Contributors/Projects/Removal of the 2006 wikitext editor|no longer supported]]. If you used [[:File:Edit toolbar - 2.png|that toolbar]], then you will no longer see any toolbar. You may choose another editing tool in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|editing preferences]], [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|local gadgets]], or [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]]. *The Editing team described the history and status of [[mw:Extension:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] in [[m:Wikimedia monthly activities meetings/2018-03|this recorded public presentation]] (starting at 29 minutes, 30 seconds). *The Language team released [[mw:Content translation/V2|a new version of Content Translation]] (CX2) last month, on [[foundationsite:2018/09/30/international-translation-day/|International Translation Day]]. It integrates the visual editor to support templates, tables, and images. It also produces better wikitext when the translated article is published. [https://wikimediafoundation.org/2018/09/30/content-translation-version-two/] === Let's work together === * The Editing team wants to improve visual editing on the mobile website. <mark>Please read [[mw:Visual-based mobile editing/Ideas/October 2018|their ideas]] and tell the team what you think would help editors who use the mobile site.</mark> *The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019|Community Wishlist Survey]] begins next week. *If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly. We will notify you when the next issue is ready for translation. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} —[[mw:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 14:17, 2 Nuwamba, 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=17790200 --> == Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web''' {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Page_issues_-_mobile_banner_example.jpg|thumb|Example of improvements]] Hello, In a few weeks the Readers web team will be changing how some templates look on the mobile web site. We will make these templates more noticeable when viewing the article. We ask for your help in updating any templates that don't look correct. What kind of templates? Specifically templates that notify readers and contributors about issues with the content of an article – the text and information in the article. Examples like [[wikidata:Q5962027|Template:Unreferenced]] or [[Wikidata:Q5619503|Template:More citations needed]]. Right now these notifications are hidden behind a link under the title of an article. We will format templates like these (mostly those that use Template:Ambox or message box templates in general) to show a short summary under the page title. You can tap on the "Learn more" link to get more information. For template editors we have [[mw:Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Making_page_issues_(ambox_templates)_mobile_friendly|some recommendations on how to make templates that are mobile-friendly]] and also further [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|documentation on our work so far]]. If you have questions about formatting templates for mobile, [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|please leave a note on the project talk page]] or [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Readers-Web-Backlog file a task in Phabricator] and we will help you. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 19:34, 13 Nuwamba, 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18543269 --> == Community Wishlist Survey vote == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> The Community Wishlist Survey. {{Int:Please-translate}}. Hey everyone, The Community Wishlist Survey is the process when the Wikimedia communities decide what the Wikimedia Foundation [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] should work on over the next year. The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors. The communities have now posted a long list of technical proposals. You can vote on the proposals from now until 30 November. You can read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|wishlist survey page]]. <span dir=ltr>/[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan (WMF)]]</span></div></div> 18:13, 22 Nuwamba, 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18543269 --> == Advanced Search == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch|Advanced Search]] will become a default feature on your wiki on November 28. This new interface allows you to perform specialized searches on the [[Special:Search|search page]], even if you don’t know any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch|search syntax]]. Advanced Search originates from the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishes project]]. It's already a default feature on German, Arabic, Farsi and Hungarian Wikipedia. Besides, more than 40.000 users across all wikis have tested the beta version. Feedback is welcome on the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:AdvancedSearch|central feedback page]].</div> [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|talk]]) 11:02, 26 Nuwamba, 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=18363910 --> == New Wikimedia password policy and requirements == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} The Wikimedia Foundation security team is implementing a new [[m:Password policy|password policy and requirements]]. [[mw:Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019|You can learn more about the project on MediaWiki.org]]. These new requirements will apply to new accounts and privileged accounts. New accounts will be required to create a password with a minimum length of 8 characters. Privileged accounts will be prompted to update their password to one that is at least 10 characters in length. These changes are planned to be in effect on December 13th. If you think your work or tools will be affected by this change, please let us know on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019|the talk page]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 20:03, 6 Disamba 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18639017 --> == Invitation from Wiki Loves Love 2019 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:WLL Subtitled Logo (transparent).svg|right|frameless]] Love is an important subject for humanity and it is expressed in different cultures and regions in different ways across the world through different gestures, ceremonies, festivals and to document expression of this rich and beautiful emotion, we need your help so we can share and spread the depth of cultures that each region has, the best of how people of that region, celebrate love. [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love|Wiki Loves Love (WLL)]] is an international photography competition of Wikimedia Commons with the subject love testimonials happening in the month of February. The primary goal of the competition is to document love testimonials through human cultural diversity such as monuments, ceremonies, snapshot of tender gesture, and miscellaneous objects used as symbol of love; to illustrate articles in the worldwide free encyclopedia Wikipedia, and other Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) projects. The theme of 2019 iteration is '''''Celebrations, Festivals, Ceremonies and rituals of love.''''' Sign up your affiliate or individually at [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019/Participants|Participants]] page. To know more about the contest, check out our [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019|Commons Page]] and [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/FAQ|FAQs]] There are several prizes to grab. Hope to see you spreading love this February with Wiki Loves Love! Kind regards, [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/International Team|Wiki Loves Love Team]] Imagine... the sum of all love! </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:12, 27 Disamba 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18639017 --> == Machine translation support enabled today for Content Translation == {{int:Please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello, machine translation support for [[:mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] (beta feature) has now been extended and enabled for users of this Wikipedia, with the inclusion of [[:en:Google_Translate|Google Translate]]. It can be used when translating Wikipedia articles with Content Translation. To start using this service, please choose ''Google Translate'' from the ''Automatic Translation'' dropdown menu that you see on the sidebar after you start translating an article. Please note, machine translation is available from all the languages that are supported by Google Translate, but Content Translation can still be used in the usual manner for translating from all languages, with or without machine translation support. While machine translation exists to aid creation of content conveniently, we would like to emphasise that before publishing, the final content should always be reviewed to avoid errors and ambiguity. We hope that your wiki community will find this new service useful, and that it will help you create more articles in your language. Wikimedia Foundation and Google have collaborated to work out [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/GT#Summary_of_our_agreement_with_Google|an agreement]] that allows the use of Google Translate without compromising Wikipedia’s policy of attribution of rights, privacy of our users and brand representation. For more information, we request you to kindly take a look at the details about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation|machine translation services in Content Translation]] and about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/GT|Google Translate translation services]]. You can also read the [https://wikimediafoundation.org/2019/01/09/you-can-now-use-google-translate-to-translate-articles-on-wikipedia main announcement on Wikimedia news]. Please note, translations made using Content Translation are also used to improve machine translation services. We have tested the service for use, but there could be unknown problems that we are not aware of yet. Please do let us know on our [[:mw:Talk:Content_translation|Project Talk page]] if you face any problems using Content Translation. This message is only in English and we will be very grateful if it could be translated into for other users of this Wikipedia. Thank you. -- On behalf of WMF Language team: [[m:User:Runab_WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Runab_WMF|talk]]) 16:15, 9 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Runab WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CX/9_January_2019&oldid=18768811 --> == FileExporter beta feature == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Logo for FileExporter.svg|thumb|Coming soon: the beta feature [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]]] A new beta feature will soon be released on all wikis: The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]. It allows exports of files from a local wiki to Wikimedia Commons, including their file history and page history. Which files can be exported is defined by each wiki's community: '''Please check your wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration file documentation|configuration file]]''' if you want to use this feature. The FileExporter has already been a beta feature on [https://www.mediawiki.org mediawiki.org], [https://meta.wikimedia.org meta.wikimedia], deWP, faWP, arWP, koWP and on [https://wikisource.org wikisource.org]. After some functionality was added, it's now becoming a beta feature on all wikis. Deployment is planned for January 16. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|on the project page]]. As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test the FileExporter, please activate it in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]]. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:FileImporter|central talk page]]. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]]. </div> [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 09:41, 14 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=18782700 --> == No editing for 30 minutes on 17 January == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You will '''not be able to edit''' the wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190117T07 17 January 07:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a database problem that has to be fixed immediately. You can still read the wikis. Some wikis are not affected. They don't get this message. You can see which wikis are '''not''' affected [[:m:User:Johan (WMF)/201901ReadOnlyPage|on this page]]. Most wikis are affected. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]</div> 18:40, 16 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/201901ReadOnly/Targets2&oldid=18789230 --> == Talk to us about talking == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-rtl.svg|alt="icon depicting two speech Bubbles"|frameless|right|120px]] The Wikimedia Foundation is planning a [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|global consultation about communication]]. The goal is to bring Wikimedians and wiki-minded people together to improve tools for communication. We want all contributors to be able to talk to each other on the wikis, whatever their experience, their skills or their devices. We are looking for input from as many different parts of the Wikimedia community as possible. It will come from multiple projects, in multiple languages, and with multiple perspectives. We are currently planning the consultation. We need your help. '''We need volunteers to help talk to their communities or user groups.''' You can help by hosting a discussion at your wiki. Here's what to do: # First, [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Participant group sign-up|sign up your group here.]] # Next, create a page (or a section on a Village pump, or an e-mail thread – whatever is natural for your group) to collect information from other people in your group. This is not a vote or decision-making discussion: we are just collecting feedback. # Then ask people what they think about communication processes. We want to hear stories and other information about how people communicate with each other on and off wiki. Please consider asking these five questions: ## When you want to discuss a topic with your community, what tools work for you, and what problems block you? ## What about talk pages works for newcomers, and what blocks them? ## What do others struggle with in your community about talk pages? ## What do you wish you could do on talk pages, but can't due to the technical limitations? ## What are the important aspects of a "wiki discussion"? # Finally, please go to [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019 on Mediawiki.org]] and report what you learned from your group. Please include links if the discussion is available to the public. '''You can also help build the list of the many different ways people talk to each other.''' Not all groups active on wikis or around wikis use the same way to discuss things: it can happen on wiki, on social networks, through external tools... Tell us [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Tools in use|how your group communicates]]. You can read more about [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|the overall process]] on mediawiki.org. If you have questions or ideas, you can [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|leave feedback about the consultation process]] in the language you prefer. Thank you! We're looking forward to talking with you. </div> [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 15:01, 21 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18639017 --> == Nema/Request Administrator == Hello fellow editors, I would like to let you know that I am requesting to be given Administrator access rights here, so that I will be able to do some improvement tasks to the Hausa Wikipedia project, and to also do some clean up of non conforming pages, edits, vandals, oversight spams etcetera. And I hope if granted the rights, I will use it appropriately. Finally If you are in support of this request, you can kindly '''Support''' it below and if otherwise you can '''oppose''' as well by stating your own reasons. You can still question or make suggestions below. Thanks ---- Yan'uwa masu taimako a wannan Wikipedia ta mu, Ina son sanar da Ku cewa ina neman abani daman iko na gudanarwan Administrator anan, domin haka shine tsarin da Wikimedia foundation ta gindaya kafin a amincewa wa mutum yazama administrator. Dalilina na neman administrator anan shine, ina da burin ganin cewa '''Hausa Wikipedia''' ta bunkasa, kuma ta zama kamar yadda ''English Wikipedia'' take, amma sai dai hakan bazai-yuwu ba, sai in mun jajirce, sannan mukayi aiki kamar yadda wadanda suka zamar da ''English Wikipedia'' kamar yadda take ayanzu. Ina da bukatan yin gyare-gyare da goge-gogen shafuka marasa amfani (wato wadanda basu dace da tsarin Wikipedia ba), kuma da bukatan ganin mun inganta da sauya babban shafi, ta hanyar canja yadda tsarin ta nayanzu yake, har wayau ina da son ganin yin sauye-sauyen sunayen shafuka wadanda suke an rubuta su ba dai-dai ba, ta mayar dasu zuwa asalin sunayensu. Daga karshe idan an amince mini, zanyi kokari dan gudanar da ikon da aka bani ta yadda yadace, batare da na tozartar da ita ba. Idan kun amince da bukata na, zaku iya rubuta '''Support''' da karin bayani anan kasa, kuma idan akwai tambaya ko Karin bayani da kuke bukata daga gare ni, zaku iya tambaya na anan. Nagode. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 13:22, 3 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) *'''Support.''' I mana! –[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 15:20, 3 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) *'''Support.''' - [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 08:09, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) *'''Support''' -Naji daɗin haka –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 08:32, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) *'''Support''' --[[User:Engr Muhammad Khamis|Engr Muhammad Khamis]] ([[User talk:Engr Muhammad Khamis|talk]]) 06:13, 5 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) Nayi request a Meta: [[m:Steward_requests/Permissions#The_Living_love@hawikipedia]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 06:45, 10 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2019) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/72/ Kinige]''' – Primarily Indian-language ebooks - 10 books per month * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale]''' – Times Digital Archive collection added (covering 1785-2013) * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR]''' – New applications now being taken again Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/10/ Taylor & Francis], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/32/ Annual Reviews] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury]. You can request new partnerships on our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/suggest/ Suggestions page]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 17:40, 13 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=18873404 --> == Read-only mode for up to 30 minutes on 11 April == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You will '''not be able to edit''' most Wikimedia wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190411T05 11 April 05:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a hardware problem. You can still read the wikis. You [[phab:T220080|can see which wikis are affected]]. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]</div></div></div> 10:56, 8 ga Afirilu, 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18979889 --> == Wikimedia Foundation Medium-Term Plan feedback request == {{int:please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The Wikimedia Foundation has published a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|Medium-Term Plan proposal]] covering the next 3–5 years. We want your feedback! Please leave all comments and questions, in any language, on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|the talk page]], by April 20. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]]) 17:35, 12 ga Afirilu, 2019 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18998727 --> 73jh4lpdiss3sguiuruyj7tx23i0ta5 0 11344 820936 517531 2026-04-13T20:23:06Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Zulum at the Borno State council chamber.jpg|thumb|Gwamna zulum.a majalisa]] '''Farfesa Babagana Umara Zulum''' An haife shi ne a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, a shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari tara da sittin da tara (1969) Miladiyya.(A.c)a garin [[Mafa]], gwamnan Kuma yan Gungiyan Boko Harama sun sha kai masa hare hare daban daban ammah basa samun nassarah, [[jihar Borno]] ne daga shekara ta 2019 (bayan [[Kashim Shettima|Kashim Ibrahim Shettima]]).Babagana Umar zulum yakasance gwamna ne jajirtace wanda a bangaren siyasan dimukraɗiyya da yasa a sawun gaba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-apc-wins-borno-gov-poll-with-1-175-440-votes/|title=APC’s Zulum wins Borno Gov poll with 1,175,440 votes|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-13}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|title=JUST IN: Zulum wins Borno governorship election|last=Abubakar|first=Uthman|last2=Omirin|first2=Olatunji|date=2019-03-11|website=Daily Trust|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-13|archive-date=2019-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330054611/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/tag/babagana-umara-zulum/|website=guardian.ng|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> == Rayuwar sa == [[Fayil:Babagana Zulum with representatives of the UK government.jpg|thumb|Babagana Umara Zulum]] An haife shi a cikin garin mafa jihar bornon nijeriya a ranar 26 ga watan Augusta shekara ta 1969,yayi firamare da sakandiri duk a cikin garin mafa da monguno tsakanin shekara 1975 zuwa 1985. == Sana,a == Umar zulum a tarihin rayuwar sa yayi sana,are tukin mota tasi da daukan itace na tsawon shekaru goma Sha shida, sannan yayi sana,are Saka tiles dashi da mahaifin sa,yayi sana,ar markade yayin da yake kwaleji,Yana yaro Kuma Yana tafiyan kilomita bakwai zuwa makarantar firamare.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-51561330.amp</ref> ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Zulum, Babagana Umara}} [[Category:dan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Gwamnonin jihar Borno]] catdmncvdv44ja3l5hvmjrzvt1cn4vw 820937 820936 2026-04-13T20:23:36Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Zulum at the Borno State council chamber.jpg|thumb|Gwamna zulum.a majalisa]] '''Farfesa Babagana Umara Zulum''' An haife shi ne a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, a shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari tara da sittin da tara (1969) Miladiyya.(A.c)a garin [[Mafa]], gwamnan Kuma yan Gungiyan Boko Harama sun sha kai masa hare hare daban daban ammah basa samun nassarah, [[jihar Borno]] ne daga shekara ta 2019 (bayan [[Kashim Shettima|Kashim Ibrahim Shettima]]).Babagana Umar zulum yakasance gwamna ne jajirtacce wanda a bangaren siyasan dimukraɗiyya da yasa a sawun gaba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-apc-wins-borno-gov-poll-with-1-175-440-votes/|title=APC’s Zulum wins Borno Gov poll with 1,175,440 votes|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-13}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|title=JUST IN: Zulum wins Borno governorship election|last=Abubakar|first=Uthman|last2=Omirin|first2=Olatunji|date=2019-03-11|website=Daily Trust|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-13|archive-date=2019-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330054611/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/tag/babagana-umara-zulum/|website=guardian.ng|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> == Rayuwar sa == [[Fayil:Babagana Zulum with representatives of the UK government.jpg|thumb|Babagana Umara Zulum]] An haife shi a cikin garin mafa jihar bornon nijeriya a ranar 26 ga watan Augusta shekara ta 1969,yayi firamare da sakandiri duk a cikin garin mafa da monguno tsakanin shekara 1975 zuwa 1985. == Sana,a == Umar zulum a tarihin rayuwar sa yayi sana,are tukin mota tasi da daukan itace na tsawon shekaru goma Sha shida, sannan yayi sana,are Saka tiles dashi da mahaifin sa,yayi sana,ar markade yayin da yake kwaleji,Yana yaro Kuma Yana tafiyan kilomita bakwai zuwa makarantar firamare.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-51561330.amp</ref> ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Zulum, Babagana Umara}} [[Category:dan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Gwamnonin jihar Borno]] 5j5xwtvsjml0ys6zmglfavlgl67cfse 820938 820937 2026-04-13T20:24:07Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Zulum at the Borno State council chamber.jpg|thumb|Gwamna zulum.a majalisa]] '''Farfesa Babagana Umara Zulum''' An haife shi ne a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, a shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari tara da sittin da tara (1969) Miladiyya.(A.c)a garin [[Mafa]], gwamnan Kuma yan Gungiyan Boko Harama sun sha kai masa hare hare daban daban ammah basa samun nassarah, [[jihar Borno]] ne daga shekara ta 2019 (bayan [[Kashim Shettima|Kashim Ibrahim Shettima]]).Babagana Umar zulum yakasance gwamna ne jajirtacce wanda a bangaren siyasan dimukraɗiyya da yasa a sahun gaba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-apc-wins-borno-gov-poll-with-1-175-440-votes/|title=APC’s Zulum wins Borno Gov poll with 1,175,440 votes|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-13}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|title=JUST IN: Zulum wins Borno governorship election|last=Abubakar|first=Uthman|last2=Omirin|first2=Olatunji|date=2019-03-11|website=Daily Trust|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-13|archive-date=2019-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330054611/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/tag/babagana-umara-zulum/|website=guardian.ng|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> == Rayuwar sa == [[Fayil:Babagana Zulum with representatives of the UK government.jpg|thumb|Babagana Umara Zulum]] An haife shi a cikin garin mafa jihar bornon nijeriya a ranar 26 ga watan Augusta shekara ta 1969,yayi firamare da sakandiri duk a cikin garin mafa da monguno tsakanin shekara 1975 zuwa 1985. == Sana,a == Umar zulum a tarihin rayuwar sa yayi sana,are tukin mota tasi da daukan itace na tsawon shekaru goma Sha shida, sannan yayi sana,are Saka tiles dashi da mahaifin sa,yayi sana,ar markade yayin da yake kwaleji,Yana yaro Kuma Yana tafiyan kilomita bakwai zuwa makarantar firamare.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-51561330.amp</ref> ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Zulum, Babagana Umara}} [[Category:dan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Gwamnonin jihar Borno]] 4o6bjxvvbb6hxc7vxyjtdbxjzozsve8 820940 820938 2026-04-13T20:24:32Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Zulum at the Borno State council chamber.jpg|thumb|Gwamna zulum.a majalisa]] '''Farfesa Babagana Umara Zulum''' An haife shi ne a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da dari tara da sittin da tara (1969) Miladiyya.(A.c)a garin [[Mafa]], gwamnan Kuma yan Gungiyan Boko Harama sun sha kai masa hare hare daban daban ammah basa samun nassarah, [[jihar Borno]] ne daga shekara ta 2019 (bayan [[Kashim Shettima|Kashim Ibrahim Shettima]]).Babagana Umar zulum yakasance gwamna ne jajirtacce wanda a bangaren siyasan dimukraɗiyya da yasa a sahun gaba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-apc-wins-borno-gov-poll-with-1-175-440-votes/|title=APC’s Zulum wins Borno Gov poll with 1,175,440 votes|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-13}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|title=JUST IN: Zulum wins Borno governorship election|last=Abubakar|first=Uthman|last2=Omirin|first2=Olatunji|date=2019-03-11|website=Daily Trust|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-13|archive-date=2019-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330054611/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/tag/babagana-umara-zulum/|website=guardian.ng|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> == Rayuwar sa == [[Fayil:Babagana Zulum with representatives of the UK government.jpg|thumb|Babagana Umara Zulum]] An haife shi a cikin garin mafa jihar bornon nijeriya a ranar 26 ga watan Augusta shekara ta 1969,yayi firamare da sakandiri duk a cikin garin mafa da monguno tsakanin shekara 1975 zuwa 1985. == Sana,a == Umar zulum a tarihin rayuwar sa yayi sana,are tukin mota tasi da daukan itace na tsawon shekaru goma Sha shida, sannan yayi sana,are Saka tiles dashi da mahaifin sa,yayi sana,ar markade yayin da yake kwaleji,Yana yaro Kuma Yana tafiyan kilomita bakwai zuwa makarantar firamare.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-51561330.amp</ref> ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Zulum, Babagana Umara}} [[Category:dan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Gwamnonin jihar Borno]] 1ixs2bfckrtc34jqvd8uaqlg2n8raow 820941 820940 2026-04-13T20:24:53Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Zulum at the Borno State council chamber.jpg|thumb|Gwamna zulum.a majalisa]] '''Farfesa Babagana Umara Zulum''' An haife shi ne a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da tara (1969) Miladiyya.(A.c)a garin [[Mafa]], gwamnan Kuma yan Gungiyan Boko Harama sun sha kai masa hare hare daban daban ammah basa samun nassarah, [[jihar Borno]] ne daga shekara ta 2019 (bayan [[Kashim Shettima|Kashim Ibrahim Shettima]]).Babagana Umar zulum yakasance gwamna ne jajirtacce wanda a bangaren siyasan dimukraɗiyya da yasa a sahun gaba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-apc-wins-borno-gov-poll-with-1-175-440-votes/|title=APC’s Zulum wins Borno Gov poll with 1,175,440 votes|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-13}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|title=JUST IN: Zulum wins Borno governorship election|last=Abubakar|first=Uthman|last2=Omirin|first2=Olatunji|date=2019-03-11|website=Daily Trust|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-13|archive-date=2019-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330054611/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/tag/babagana-umara-zulum/|website=guardian.ng|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> == Rayuwar sa == [[Fayil:Babagana Zulum with representatives of the UK government.jpg|thumb|Babagana Umara Zulum]] An haife shi a cikin garin mafa jihar bornon nijeriya a ranar 26 ga watan Augusta shekara ta 1969,yayi firamare da sakandiri duk a cikin garin mafa da monguno tsakanin shekara 1975 zuwa 1985. == Sana,a == Umar zulum a tarihin rayuwar sa yayi sana,are tukin mota tasi da daukan itace na tsawon shekaru goma Sha shida, sannan yayi sana,are Saka tiles dashi da mahaifin sa,yayi sana,ar markade yayin da yake kwaleji,Yana yaro Kuma Yana tafiyan kilomita bakwai zuwa makarantar firamare.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-51561330.amp</ref> ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Zulum, Babagana Umara}} [[Category:dan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Gwamnonin jihar Borno]] gh1dkr4r0o5xx1dao50b6qzhksttyif 820943 820941 2026-04-13T20:25:26Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Zulum at the Borno State council chamber.jpg|thumb|Gwamna zulum.a majalisa]] '''Farfesa Babagana Umara Zulum''' An haife shi ne a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da tara (1969) Miladiyya.(A.c)a garin [[Mafa]], gwamnan Kuma yan Gungiyan Boko Harama sun sha kai masa hare hare daban daban ammah basa samun nassarah, [[jihar Borno]] ne daga shekara ta 2019 (bayan [[Kashim Shettima|Kashim Ibrahim Shettima]]).Babagana Umara Zulum yakasance gwamna ne jajirtacce wanda a bangaren siyasan dimukraɗiyya da yasa a sahun gaba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-apc-wins-borno-gov-poll-with-1-175-440-votes/|title=APC’s Zulum wins Borno Gov poll with 1,175,440 votes|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-13}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|title=JUST IN: Zulum wins Borno governorship election|last=Abubakar|first=Uthman|last2=Omirin|first2=Olatunji|date=2019-03-11|website=Daily Trust|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-13|archive-date=2019-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330054611/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/tag/babagana-umara-zulum/|website=guardian.ng|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> == Rayuwar sa == [[Fayil:Babagana Zulum with representatives of the UK government.jpg|thumb|Babagana Umara Zulum]] An haife shi a cikin garin mafa jihar bornon nijeriya a ranar 26 ga watan Augusta shekara ta 1969,yayi firamare da sakandiri duk a cikin garin mafa da monguno tsakanin shekara 1975 zuwa 1985. == Sana,a == Umar zulum a tarihin rayuwar sa yayi sana,are tukin mota tasi da daukan itace na tsawon shekaru goma Sha shida, sannan yayi sana,are Saka tiles dashi da mahaifin sa,yayi sana,ar markade yayin da yake kwaleji,Yana yaro Kuma Yana tafiyan kilomita bakwai zuwa makarantar firamare.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-51561330.amp</ref> ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Zulum, Babagana Umara}} [[Category:dan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Gwamnonin jihar Borno]] i1qipzanz8pkmnpy6b1vypswryj4yc6 820944 820943 2026-04-13T20:25:40Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Zulum at the Borno State council chamber.jpg|thumb|Gwamna zulum.a majalisa]] '''Farfesa Babagana Umara Zulum''' An haife shi ne a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da tara (1969) Miladiyya.(A.c)a garin [[Mafa]], gwamnan Kuma yan Gungiyan Boko Harama sun sha kai masa hare hare daban daban ammah basa samun nassarah, [[jihar Borno]] ne daga shekara ta 2019 (bayan [[Kashim Shettima|Kashim Ibrahim Shettima]]).Babagana Umara Zulum ya kasance gwamna ne jajirtacce wanda a bangaren siyasan dimukraɗiyya da yasa a sahun gaba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-apc-wins-borno-gov-poll-with-1-175-440-votes/|title=APC’s Zulum wins Borno Gov poll with 1,175,440 votes|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-13}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|title=JUST IN: Zulum wins Borno governorship election|last=Abubakar|first=Uthman|last2=Omirin|first2=Olatunji|date=2019-03-11|website=Daily Trust|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-13|archive-date=2019-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330054611/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/tag/babagana-umara-zulum/|website=guardian.ng|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> == Rayuwar sa == [[Fayil:Babagana Zulum with representatives of the UK government.jpg|thumb|Babagana Umara Zulum]] An haife shi a cikin garin mafa jihar bornon nijeriya a ranar 26 ga watan Augusta shekara ta 1969,yayi firamare da sakandiri duk a cikin garin mafa da monguno tsakanin shekara 1975 zuwa 1985. == Sana,a == Umar zulum a tarihin rayuwar sa yayi sana,are tukin mota tasi da daukan itace na tsawon shekaru goma Sha shida, sannan yayi sana,are Saka tiles dashi da mahaifin sa,yayi sana,ar markade yayin da yake kwaleji,Yana yaro Kuma Yana tafiyan kilomita bakwai zuwa makarantar firamare.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-51561330.amp</ref> ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Zulum, Babagana Umara}} [[Category:dan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Gwamnonin jihar Borno]] ixkpls9ispw5z2wa070g3ceswcxo28m 820945 820944 2026-04-13T20:26:02Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Zulum at the Borno State council chamber.jpg|thumb|Gwamna zulum.a majalisa]] '''Farfesa Babagana Umara Zulum''' An haife shi ne a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da tara (1969) Miladiyya.(A.c)a garin [[Mafa]], gwamnan Kuma yan Gungiyan Boko Harama sun sha kai masa hare hare daban daban ammah basa samun nassarah, [[jihar Borno]] ne daga shekara ta 2019 (bayan [[Kashim Shettima|Kashim Ibrahim Shettima]]).Babagana Umara Zulum ya kasance gwamna ne jajirtacce wanda a ɓangaren siyasan dimukraɗiyya da yasa a sahun gaba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-apc-wins-borno-gov-poll-with-1-175-440-votes/|title=APC’s Zulum wins Borno Gov poll with 1,175,440 votes|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-13}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|title=JUST IN: Zulum wins Borno governorship election|last=Abubakar|first=Uthman|last2=Omirin|first2=Olatunji|date=2019-03-11|website=Daily Trust|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-13|archive-date=2019-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330054611/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/tag/babagana-umara-zulum/|website=guardian.ng|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> == Rayuwar sa == [[Fayil:Babagana Zulum with representatives of the UK government.jpg|thumb|Babagana Umara Zulum]] An haife shi a cikin garin mafa jihar bornon nijeriya a ranar 26 ga watan Augusta shekara ta 1969,yayi firamare da sakandiri duk a cikin garin mafa da monguno tsakanin shekara 1975 zuwa 1985. == Sana,a == Umar zulum a tarihin rayuwar sa yayi sana,are tukin mota tasi da daukan itace na tsawon shekaru goma Sha shida, sannan yayi sana,are Saka tiles dashi da mahaifin sa,yayi sana,ar markade yayin da yake kwaleji,Yana yaro Kuma Yana tafiyan kilomita bakwai zuwa makarantar firamare.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-51561330.amp</ref> ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Zulum, Babagana Umara}} [[Category:dan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Gwamnonin jihar Borno]] 1lma89lyxst8epnscdzcnso77u0znkq 820947 820945 2026-04-13T20:26:38Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Zulum at the Borno State council chamber.jpg|thumb|Gwamna zulum.a majalisa]] '''Farfesa Babagana Umara Zulum''' An haife shi ne a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da tara (1969) Miladiyya.(A.c)a garin [[Mafa]], gwamnan Kuma yan Gungiyan Boko Harama sun sha kai masa hare hare daban daban ammah basa samun nassarah, [[jihar Borno]] ne daga shekara ta 2019 (bayan [[Kashim Shettima|Kashim Ibrahim Shettima]]).Babagana Umara Zulum ya kasance gwamna ne jajirtacce wanda a ɓangaren siyasar dimukraɗiyya da yasa a sahun gaba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-apc-wins-borno-gov-poll-with-1-175-440-votes/|title=APC’s Zulum wins Borno Gov poll with 1,175,440 votes|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-13}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|title=JUST IN: Zulum wins Borno governorship election|last=Abubakar|first=Uthman|last2=Omirin|first2=Olatunji|date=2019-03-11|website=Daily Trust|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-13|archive-date=2019-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330054611/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/tag/babagana-umara-zulum/|website=guardian.ng|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> == Rayuwar sa == [[Fayil:Babagana Zulum with representatives of the UK government.jpg|thumb|Babagana Umara Zulum]] An haife shi a cikin garin mafa jihar bornon nijeriya a ranar 26 ga watan Augusta shekara ta 1969,yayi firamare da sakandiri duk a cikin garin mafa da monguno tsakanin shekara 1975 zuwa 1985. == Sana,a == Umar zulum a tarihin rayuwar sa yayi sana,are tukin mota tasi da daukan itace na tsawon shekaru goma Sha shida, sannan yayi sana,are Saka tiles dashi da mahaifin sa,yayi sana,ar markade yayin da yake kwaleji,Yana yaro Kuma Yana tafiyan kilomita bakwai zuwa makarantar firamare.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-51561330.amp</ref> ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Zulum, Babagana Umara}} [[Category:dan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Gwamnonin jihar Borno]] 7ibp46g0y48bceraks3mwop16l61i3o 820948 820947 2026-04-13T20:27:01Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Zulum at the Borno State council chamber.jpg|thumb|Gwamna zulum.a majalisa]] '''Farfesa Babagana Umara Zulum''' An haife shi ne a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da tara (1969) Miladiyya.(A.c)a garin [[Mafa]], gwamnan Kuma yan Gungiyan Boko Harama sun sha kai masa hare hare daban daban ammah basa samun nassarah, [[jihar Borno]] ne daga shekara ta 2019 (bayan [[Kashim Shettima|Kashim Ibrahim Shettima]]).Babagana Umara Zulum ya kasance gwamna ne jajirtacce wanda a ɓangaren siyasar dimukraɗiyya da ya sa a sahun gaba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-apc-wins-borno-gov-poll-with-1-175-440-votes/|title=APC’s Zulum wins Borno Gov poll with 1,175,440 votes|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-13}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|title=JUST IN: Zulum wins Borno governorship election|last=Abubakar|first=Uthman|last2=Omirin|first2=Olatunji|date=2019-03-11|website=Daily Trust|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-13|archive-date=2019-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330054611/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/tag/babagana-umara-zulum/|website=guardian.ng|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> == Rayuwar sa == [[Fayil:Babagana Zulum with representatives of the UK government.jpg|thumb|Babagana Umara Zulum]] An haife shi a cikin garin mafa jihar bornon nijeriya a ranar 26 ga watan Augusta shekara ta 1969,yayi firamare da sakandiri duk a cikin garin mafa da monguno tsakanin shekara 1975 zuwa 1985. == Sana,a == Umar zulum a tarihin rayuwar sa yayi sana,are tukin mota tasi da daukan itace na tsawon shekaru goma Sha shida, sannan yayi sana,are Saka tiles dashi da mahaifin sa,yayi sana,ar markade yayin da yake kwaleji,Yana yaro Kuma Yana tafiyan kilomita bakwai zuwa makarantar firamare.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-51561330.amp</ref> ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Zulum, Babagana Umara}} [[Category:dan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Gwamnonin jihar Borno]] 94gbs0ii59i3ila7z7ne9nggjijdcru 820950 820948 2026-04-13T20:27:51Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Zulum at the Borno State council chamber.jpg|thumb|Gwamna zulum.a majalisa]] '''Farfesa Babagana Umara Zulum''' An haife shi ne a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da tara (1969) Miladiyya.(A.c)a garin [[Mafa]], gwamnan Kuma yan Gungiyan Boko Harama sun sha kai masa hare-hare daban daban ammah basa samun nassarah, [[jihar Borno]] ne daga shekara ta 2019 (bayan [[Kashim Shettima|Kashim Ibrahim Shettima]]).Babagana Umara Zulum ya kasance gwamna ne jajirtacce wanda a ɓangaren siyasar dimukraɗiyya da ya sa a sahun gaba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-apc-wins-borno-gov-poll-with-1-175-440-votes/|title=APC’s Zulum wins Borno Gov poll with 1,175,440 votes|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-13}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|title=JUST IN: Zulum wins Borno governorship election|last=Abubakar|first=Uthman|last2=Omirin|first2=Olatunji|date=2019-03-11|website=Daily Trust|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-13|archive-date=2019-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330054611/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/tag/babagana-umara-zulum/|website=guardian.ng|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> == Rayuwar sa == [[Fayil:Babagana Zulum with representatives of the UK government.jpg|thumb|Babagana Umara Zulum]] An haife shi a cikin garin mafa jihar bornon nijeriya a ranar 26 ga watan Augusta shekara ta 1969,yayi firamare da sakandiri duk a cikin garin mafa da monguno tsakanin shekara 1975 zuwa 1985. == Sana,a == Umar zulum a tarihin rayuwar sa yayi sana,are tukin mota tasi da daukan itace na tsawon shekaru goma Sha shida, sannan yayi sana,are Saka tiles dashi da mahaifin sa,yayi sana,ar markade yayin da yake kwaleji,Yana yaro Kuma Yana tafiyan kilomita bakwai zuwa makarantar firamare.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-51561330.amp</ref> ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Zulum, Babagana Umara}} [[Category:dan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Gwamnonin jihar Borno]] atrezaajlqerskjcu25ak37c23w0zgj 820951 820950 2026-04-13T20:28:18Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Zulum at the Borno State council chamber.jpg|thumb|Gwamna zulum.a majalisa]] '''Farfesa Babagana Umara Zulum''' An haife shi ne a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da tara (1969) Miladiyya.(A.c)a garin [[Mafa]], gwamnan Kuma yan Gungiyan Boko Harama sun sha kai masa hare-hare daban-daban ammah basa samun nassarah, [[jihar Borno]] ne daga shekara ta 2019 (bayan [[Kashim Shettima|Kashim Ibrahim Shettima]]).Babagana Umara Zulum ya kasance gwamna ne jajirtacce wanda a ɓangaren siyasar dimukraɗiyya da ya sa a sahun gaba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-apc-wins-borno-gov-poll-with-1-175-440-votes/|title=APC’s Zulum wins Borno Gov poll with 1,175,440 votes|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-13}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|title=JUST IN: Zulum wins Borno governorship election|last=Abubakar|first=Uthman|last2=Omirin|first2=Olatunji|date=2019-03-11|website=Daily Trust|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-13|archive-date=2019-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330054611/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/tag/babagana-umara-zulum/|website=guardian.ng|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> == Rayuwar sa == [[Fayil:Babagana Zulum with representatives of the UK government.jpg|thumb|Babagana Umara Zulum]] An haife shi a cikin garin mafa jihar bornon nijeriya a ranar 26 ga watan Augusta shekara ta 1969,yayi firamare da sakandiri duk a cikin garin mafa da monguno tsakanin shekara 1975 zuwa 1985. == Sana,a == Umar zulum a tarihin rayuwar sa yayi sana,are tukin mota tasi da daukan itace na tsawon shekaru goma Sha shida, sannan yayi sana,are Saka tiles dashi da mahaifin sa,yayi sana,ar markade yayin da yake kwaleji,Yana yaro Kuma Yana tafiyan kilomita bakwai zuwa makarantar firamare.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-51561330.amp</ref> ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Zulum, Babagana Umara}} [[Category:dan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Gwamnonin jihar Borno]] mifv2inqch2xavhsgbh640u9ytl1r2w 820952 820951 2026-04-13T20:28:37Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Zulum at the Borno State council chamber.jpg|thumb|Gwamna zulum.a majalisa]] '''Farfesa Babagana Umara Zulum''' An haife shi ne a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da tara (1969) Miladiyya.(A.c)a garin [[Mafa]], gwamnan Kuma yan Gungiyan Boko Harama sun sha kai masa hare-hare daban-daban amma basa samun nassarah, [[jihar Borno]] ne daga shekara ta 2019 (bayan [[Kashim Shettima|Kashim Ibrahim Shettima]]).Babagana Umara Zulum ya kasance gwamna ne jajirtacce wanda a ɓangaren siyasar dimukraɗiyya da ya sa a sahun gaba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-apc-wins-borno-gov-poll-with-1-175-440-votes/|title=APC’s Zulum wins Borno Gov poll with 1,175,440 votes|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-13}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|title=JUST IN: Zulum wins Borno governorship election|last=Abubakar|first=Uthman|last2=Omirin|first2=Olatunji|date=2019-03-11|website=Daily Trust|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-13|archive-date=2019-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330054611/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/tag/babagana-umara-zulum/|website=guardian.ng|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> == Rayuwar sa == [[Fayil:Babagana Zulum with representatives of the UK government.jpg|thumb|Babagana Umara Zulum]] An haife shi a cikin garin mafa jihar bornon nijeriya a ranar 26 ga watan Augusta shekara ta 1969,yayi firamare da sakandiri duk a cikin garin mafa da monguno tsakanin shekara 1975 zuwa 1985. == Sana,a == Umar zulum a tarihin rayuwar sa yayi sana,are tukin mota tasi da daukan itace na tsawon shekaru goma Sha shida, sannan yayi sana,are Saka tiles dashi da mahaifin sa,yayi sana,ar markade yayin da yake kwaleji,Yana yaro Kuma Yana tafiyan kilomita bakwai zuwa makarantar firamare.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-51561330.amp</ref> ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Zulum, Babagana Umara}} [[Category:dan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Gwamnonin jihar Borno]] 0dwu7pdd0gkxrl7vicvgh4kux683ehu 820953 820952 2026-04-13T20:28:57Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Zulum at the Borno State council chamber.jpg|thumb|Gwamna zulum.a majalisa]] '''Farfesa Babagana Umara Zulum''' An haife shi ne a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da tara (1969) Miladiyya.(A.c)a garin [[Mafa]], gwamnan Kuma yan Gungiyan Boko Harama sun sha kai masa hare-hare daban-daban amma ba sa samun nassarah, [[jihar Borno]] ne daga shekara ta 2019 (bayan [[Kashim Shettima|Kashim Ibrahim Shettima]]).Babagana Umara Zulum ya kasance gwamna ne jajirtacce wanda a ɓangaren siyasar dimukraɗiyya da ya sa a sahun gaba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-apc-wins-borno-gov-poll-with-1-175-440-votes/|title=APC’s Zulum wins Borno Gov poll with 1,175,440 votes|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-13}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|title=JUST IN: Zulum wins Borno governorship election|last=Abubakar|first=Uthman|last2=Omirin|first2=Olatunji|date=2019-03-11|website=Daily Trust|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-13|archive-date=2019-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330054611/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/tag/babagana-umara-zulum/|website=guardian.ng|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> == Rayuwar sa == [[Fayil:Babagana Zulum with representatives of the UK government.jpg|thumb|Babagana Umara Zulum]] An haife shi a cikin garin mafa jihar bornon nijeriya a ranar 26 ga watan Augusta shekara ta 1969,yayi firamare da sakandiri duk a cikin garin mafa da monguno tsakanin shekara 1975 zuwa 1985. == Sana,a == Umar zulum a tarihin rayuwar sa yayi sana,are tukin mota tasi da daukan itace na tsawon shekaru goma Sha shida, sannan yayi sana,are Saka tiles dashi da mahaifin sa,yayi sana,ar markade yayin da yake kwaleji,Yana yaro Kuma Yana tafiyan kilomita bakwai zuwa makarantar firamare.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-51561330.amp</ref> ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Zulum, Babagana Umara}} [[Category:dan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Gwamnonin jihar Borno]] 854gy7hdynfiihpuavqp98zmhlc0t6s 820954 820953 2026-04-13T20:30:06Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Zulum at the Borno State council chamber.jpg|thumb|Gwamna zulum.a majalisa]] '''Farfesa Babagana Umara Zulum''' An haife shi ne a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da tara (1969) Miladiyya.(A.c)a garin [[Mafa]], gwamnan Kuma yan Gungiyan Boko Harama sun sha kai masa hare-hare daban-daban amma ba sa samun nassara, [[jihar Borno]] ne daga shekara ta 2019 (bayan [[Kashim Shettima|Kashim Ibrahim Shettima]]).Babagana Umara Zulum ya kasance gwamna ne jajirtacce wanda a ɓangaren siyasar dimukraɗiyya da ya sa a sahun gaba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-apc-wins-borno-gov-poll-with-1-175-440-votes/|title=APC’s Zulum wins Borno Gov poll with 1,175,440 votes|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-13}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|title=JUST IN: Zulum wins Borno governorship election|last=Abubakar|first=Uthman|last2=Omirin|first2=Olatunji|date=2019-03-11|website=Daily Trust|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-13|archive-date=2019-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330054611/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/tag/babagana-umara-zulum/|website=guardian.ng|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> == Rayuwar sa == [[Fayil:Babagana Zulum with representatives of the UK government.jpg|thumb|Babagana Umara Zulum]] An haife shi a cikin garin mafa jihar bornon nijeriya a ranar 26 ga watan Augusta shekara ta 1969,yayi firamare da sakandiri duk a cikin garin mafa da monguno tsakanin shekara 1975 zuwa 1985. == Sana,a == Umar zulum a tarihin rayuwar sa yayi sana,are tukin mota tasi da daukan itace na tsawon shekaru goma Sha shida, sannan yayi sana,are Saka tiles dashi da mahaifin sa,yayi sana,ar markade yayin da yake kwaleji,Yana yaro Kuma Yana tafiyan kilomita bakwai zuwa makarantar firamare.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-51561330.amp</ref> ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Zulum, Babagana Umara}} [[Category:dan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Gwamnonin jihar Borno]] s7gskzcgzy9ua227liuk1l3rg6ts09z 820955 820954 2026-04-13T20:30:51Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Zulum at the Borno State council chamber.jpg|thumb|Gwamna zulum.a majalisa]] '''Farfesa Babagana Umara Zulum''' An haife shi ne a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, na shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da tara (1969) Miladiyya.(A.c)a garin [[Mafa]], gwamnan Kuma yan Gungiyan Boko Harama sun sha kai masa hare-hare daban-daban amma ba sa samun nassara, [[jihar Borno]] ne daga shekara ta 2019 (bayan [[Kashim Shettima|Kashim Ibrahim Shettima]]).Babagana Umara Zulum ya kasance gwamna ne jajirtacce wanda a ɓangaren siyasar dimukraɗiyya da ya sa a sahun gaba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-apc-wins-borno-gov-poll-with-1-175-440-votes/|title=APC’s Zulum wins Borno Gov poll with 1,175,440 votes|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-13}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|title=JUST IN: Zulum wins Borno governorship election|last=Abubakar|first=Uthman|last2=Omirin|first2=Olatunji|date=2019-03-11|website=Daily Trust|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-13|archive-date=2019-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330054611/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/tag/babagana-umara-zulum/|website=guardian.ng|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> == Rayuwar sa == [[Fayil:Babagana Zulum with representatives of the UK government.jpg|thumb|Babagana Umara Zulum]] An haife shi a cikin garin mafa jihar bornon nijeriya a ranar 26 ga watan Augusta shekara ta 1969,yayi firamare da sakandiri duk a cikin garin mafa da monguno tsakanin shekara 1975 zuwa 1985. == Sana,a == Umar zulum a tarihin rayuwar sa yayi sana,are tukin mota tasi da daukan itace na tsawon shekaru goma Sha shida, sannan yayi sana,are Saka tiles dashi da mahaifin sa,yayi sana,ar markade yayin da yake kwaleji,Yana yaro Kuma Yana tafiyan kilomita bakwai zuwa makarantar firamare.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-51561330.amp</ref> ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Zulum, Babagana Umara}} [[Category:dan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Gwamnonin jihar Borno]] 56hyv63ubghjdguf3j8gtz0qv1fe6u6 820957 820955 2026-04-13T20:31:48Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Zulum at the Borno State council chamber.jpg|thumb|Gwamna zulum.a majalisa]] '''Farfesa Babagana Umara Zulum''' An haife shi ne a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, na shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da tara (1969) Miladiyya.(A.c)a garin [[Mafa]], gwamnan Kuma yan Gungiyan Boko Harama sun sha kai masa hare-hare daban-daban, amma ba sa samun nassara, [[jihar Borno]] ne daga shekara ta 2019 (bayan [[Kashim Shettima|Kashim Ibrahim Shettima]]).Babagana Umara Zulum ya kasance gwamna ne jajirtacce wanda a ɓangaren siyasar dimukraɗiyya da ya sa a sahun gaba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-apc-wins-borno-gov-poll-with-1-175-440-votes/|title=APC’s Zulum wins Borno Gov poll with 1,175,440 votes|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-13}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|title=JUST IN: Zulum wins Borno governorship election|last=Abubakar|first=Uthman|last2=Omirin|first2=Olatunji|date=2019-03-11|website=Daily Trust|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-13|archive-date=2019-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330054611/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/tag/babagana-umara-zulum/|website=guardian.ng|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> == Rayuwar sa == [[Fayil:Babagana Zulum with representatives of the UK government.jpg|thumb|Babagana Umara Zulum]] An haife shi a cikin garin mafa jihar bornon nijeriya a ranar 26 ga watan Augusta shekara ta 1969,yayi firamare da sakandiri duk a cikin garin mafa da monguno tsakanin shekara 1975 zuwa 1985. == Sana,a == Umar zulum a tarihin rayuwar sa yayi sana,are tukin mota tasi da daukan itace na tsawon shekaru goma Sha shida, sannan yayi sana,are Saka tiles dashi da mahaifin sa,yayi sana,ar markade yayin da yake kwaleji,Yana yaro Kuma Yana tafiyan kilomita bakwai zuwa makarantar firamare.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-51561330.amp</ref> ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Zulum, Babagana Umara}} [[Category:dan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Gwamnonin jihar Borno]] ht547qxy8g0vsf2wnfn163ysmuksbgc 0 12723 820963 509624 2026-04-13T20:42:40Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Kabir Garba Marafa.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Kabir Garba Marafa.jpg|thumb|dan siyasane]] '''Kabir Garba Marafa''' Ɗan siyasa ne da aka zaba a matsayin Sanata a Zamfara ta Tsakiya a cikin jihar Zamfara, Najeriya a zaben watan Afrilun 2011, wanda ke kan tikitin jam'iyyar All Nigeria People Party (ANPP).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://dailytimes.com.ng/article/meet-your-new-senate?sms_ss=twitter&at_xt=4da2982d29ee4242,0 |access-date=2020-01-05 |archive-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814062333/http://dailytimes.com.ng/article/meet-your-new-senate?sms_ss=twitter&at_xt=4da2982d29ee4242,0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Injiniya Kabir Garba Marafa ya kasan ce tsohon kwamishinan albarkatun ruwa a jihar Zamfara. Ya sauya sheka daga jam'iyyar Democratic Party (PDP) zuwa ANPP gabanin zaben. Ya yi karo da Sanata mai ci Hassan Muhammed Nasiha (Hassan Gusau), wanda ya yi takara a karkashin jam’iyyar PDP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.peoplesdaily-online.com/politics/politics-today/6166-zamfara-anpp-guber-candidate-warns-pdp-against-intimidation |access-date=2020-01-05 |archive-date=2011-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009004523/http://www.peoplesdaily-online.com/politics/politics-today/6166-zamfara-anpp-guber-candidate-warns-pdp-against-intimidation |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kabir Garba Marafa}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar zamfara]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1960]] [[Category:Sanatocin Najeriya]] [[Category:Sanatoci daga jihar Zamfara]] 0niybgi1slgosyojhvrajee2f584hrk 820964 820963 2026-04-13T20:43:10Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Kabir Garba Marafa.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Kabir Garba Marafa.jpg|thumb|dan siyasane]] '''Kabir Garba Marafa''' Ɗan siyasa ne da aka zaɓa a matsayin Sanata a Zamfara ta Tsakiya a cikin jihar Zamfara, Najeriya a zaben watan Afrilun 2011, wanda ke kan tikitin jam'iyyar All Nigeria People Party (ANPP).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://dailytimes.com.ng/article/meet-your-new-senate?sms_ss=twitter&at_xt=4da2982d29ee4242,0 |access-date=2020-01-05 |archive-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814062333/http://dailytimes.com.ng/article/meet-your-new-senate?sms_ss=twitter&at_xt=4da2982d29ee4242,0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Injiniya Kabir Garba Marafa ya kasan ce tsohon kwamishinan albarkatun ruwa a jihar Zamfara. Ya sauya sheka daga jam'iyyar Democratic Party (PDP) zuwa ANPP gabanin zaben. Ya yi karo da Sanata mai ci Hassan Muhammed Nasiha (Hassan Gusau), wanda ya yi takara a karkashin jam’iyyar PDP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.peoplesdaily-online.com/politics/politics-today/6166-zamfara-anpp-guber-candidate-warns-pdp-against-intimidation |access-date=2020-01-05 |archive-date=2011-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009004523/http://www.peoplesdaily-online.com/politics/politics-today/6166-zamfara-anpp-guber-candidate-warns-pdp-against-intimidation |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kabir Garba Marafa}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar zamfara]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1960]] [[Category:Sanatocin Najeriya]] [[Category:Sanatoci daga jihar Zamfara]] 4ij1eckixzfnecfyltjhdyrfyezutyq 820965 820964 2026-04-13T20:45:44Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Kabir Garba Marafa.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Kabir Garba Marafa.jpg|thumb|dan siyasane]] '''Kabir Garba Marafa''' Ɗan siyasa ne da aka zaɓa a matsayin Sanata a Zamfara ta Tsakiya a cikin jihar Zamfara, Najeriya a zaɓen watan Afrilun 2011, wanda ke kan tikitin jam'iyyar All Nigeria People Party (ANPP).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://dailytimes.com.ng/article/meet-your-new-senate?sms_ss=twitter&at_xt=4da2982d29ee4242,0 |access-date=2020-01-05 |archive-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814062333/http://dailytimes.com.ng/article/meet-your-new-senate?sms_ss=twitter&at_xt=4da2982d29ee4242,0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Injiniya Kabir Garba Marafa ya kasan ce tsohon kwamishinan albarkatun ruwa a jihar Zamfara. Ya sauya sheka daga jam'iyyar Democratic Party (PDP) zuwa ANPP gabanin zaben. Ya yi karo da Sanata mai ci Hassan Muhammed Nasiha (Hassan Gusau), wanda ya yi takara a karkashin jam’iyyar PDP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.peoplesdaily-online.com/politics/politics-today/6166-zamfara-anpp-guber-candidate-warns-pdp-against-intimidation |access-date=2020-01-05 |archive-date=2011-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009004523/http://www.peoplesdaily-online.com/politics/politics-today/6166-zamfara-anpp-guber-candidate-warns-pdp-against-intimidation |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kabir Garba Marafa}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar zamfara]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1960]] [[Category:Sanatocin Najeriya]] [[Category:Sanatoci daga jihar Zamfara]] oeh7vj6opn9oseit3qszjltutdwesoy 820966 820965 2026-04-13T20:46:36Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Kabir Garba Marafa.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Kabir Garba Marafa.jpg|thumb|ɗan siyasa ne]] '''Kabir Garba Marafa''' Ɗan siyasa ne da aka zaɓa a matsayin Sanata a Zamfara ta Tsakiya a cikin jihar Zamfara, Najeriya a zaɓen watan Afrilun 2011, wanda ke kan tikitin jam'iyyar All Nigeria People Party (ANPP).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://dailytimes.com.ng/article/meet-your-new-senate?sms_ss=twitter&at_xt=4da2982d29ee4242,0 |access-date=2020-01-05 |archive-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814062333/http://dailytimes.com.ng/article/meet-your-new-senate?sms_ss=twitter&at_xt=4da2982d29ee4242,0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Injiniya Kabir Garba Marafa ya kasan ce tsohon kwamishinan albarkatun ruwa a jihar Zamfara. Ya sauya sheka daga jam'iyyar Democratic Party (PDP) zuwa ANPP gabanin zaben. Ya yi karo da Sanata mai ci Hassan Muhammed Nasiha (Hassan Gusau), wanda ya yi takara a karkashin jam’iyyar PDP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.peoplesdaily-online.com/politics/politics-today/6166-zamfara-anpp-guber-candidate-warns-pdp-against-intimidation |access-date=2020-01-05 |archive-date=2011-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009004523/http://www.peoplesdaily-online.com/politics/politics-today/6166-zamfara-anpp-guber-candidate-warns-pdp-against-intimidation |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kabir Garba Marafa}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar zamfara]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1960]] [[Category:Sanatocin Najeriya]] [[Category:Sanatoci daga jihar Zamfara]] re22aqrf5153j31rjnvg1brb8c7hpmz 820967 820966 2026-04-13T20:47:35Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Kabir Garba Marafa.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Kabir Garba Marafa.jpg|thumb|ɗan siyasa ne]] '''Kabir Garba Marafa''' Ɗan siyasa ne da aka zaɓa a matsayin Sanata a Zamfara ta Tsakiya a cikin jihar Zamfara, Najeriya a zaɓen watan Afrilun 2011, wanda ke kan tikitin jam'iyyar All Nigeria People Party (ANPP).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://dailytimes.com.ng/article/meet-your-new-senate?sms_ss=twitter&at_xt=4da2982d29ee4242,0 |access-date=2020-01-05 |archive-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814062333/http://dailytimes.com.ng/article/meet-your-new-senate?sms_ss=twitter&at_xt=4da2982d29ee4242,0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Injiniya Kabir Garba Marafa ya kasance tsohon kwamishinan albarkatun ruwa a jihar Zamfara. Ya sauya sheka daga jam'iyyar Democratic Party (PDP) zuwa ANPP gabanin zaben. Ya yi karo da Sanata mai ci Hassan Muhammed Nasiha (Hassan Gusau), wanda ya yi takara a karkashin jam’iyyar PDP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.peoplesdaily-online.com/politics/politics-today/6166-zamfara-anpp-guber-candidate-warns-pdp-against-intimidation |access-date=2020-01-05 |archive-date=2011-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009004523/http://www.peoplesdaily-online.com/politics/politics-today/6166-zamfara-anpp-guber-candidate-warns-pdp-against-intimidation |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kabir Garba Marafa}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar zamfara]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1960]] [[Category:Sanatocin Najeriya]] [[Category:Sanatoci daga jihar Zamfara]] g1w2navbbc15ozp6jhbeck2qjiz790h 820968 820967 2026-04-13T20:48:10Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Kabir Garba Marafa.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Kabir Garba Marafa.jpg|thumb|ɗan siyasa ne]] '''Kabir Garba Marafa''' Ɗan siyasa ne da aka zaɓa a matsayin Sanata a Zamfara ta Tsakiya a cikin jihar Zamfara, Najeriya a zaɓen watan Afrilun 2011, wanda ke kan tikitin jam'iyyar All Nigeria People Party (ANPP).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://dailytimes.com.ng/article/meet-your-new-senate?sms_ss=twitter&at_xt=4da2982d29ee4242,0 |access-date=2020-01-05 |archive-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814062333/http://dailytimes.com.ng/article/meet-your-new-senate?sms_ss=twitter&at_xt=4da2982d29ee4242,0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Injiniya Kabir Garba Marafa ya kasance tsohon kwamishinan albarkatun ruwa a jihar Zamfara. Ya sauya sheƙa daga jam'iyyar Democratic Party (PDP) zuwa ANPP gabanin zaben. Ya yi karo da Sanata mai ci Hassan Muhammed Nasiha (Hassan Gusau), wanda ya yi takara a karkashin jam’iyyar PDP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.peoplesdaily-online.com/politics/politics-today/6166-zamfara-anpp-guber-candidate-warns-pdp-against-intimidation |access-date=2020-01-05 |archive-date=2011-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009004523/http://www.peoplesdaily-online.com/politics/politics-today/6166-zamfara-anpp-guber-candidate-warns-pdp-against-intimidation |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kabir Garba Marafa}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar zamfara]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1960]] [[Category:Sanatocin Najeriya]] [[Category:Sanatoci daga jihar Zamfara]] o9aoe5o0b4q8ckrsijxlt3rqg3yfu84 820969 820968 2026-04-13T20:48:52Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Kabir Garba Marafa.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Kabir Garba Marafa.jpg|thumb|ɗan siyasa ne]] '''Kabir Garba Marafa''' Ɗan siyasa ne da aka zaɓa a matsayin Sanata a Zamfara ta Tsakiya a cikin jihar Zamfara, Najeriya a zaɓen watan Afrilun 2011, wanda ke kan tikitin jam'iyyar All Nigeria People Party (ANPP).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://dailytimes.com.ng/article/meet-your-new-senate?sms_ss=twitter&at_xt=4da2982d29ee4242,0 |access-date=2020-01-05 |archive-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814062333/http://dailytimes.com.ng/article/meet-your-new-senate?sms_ss=twitter&at_xt=4da2982d29ee4242,0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Injiniya Kabir Garba Marafa ya kasance tsohon kwamishinan albarkatun ruwa a jihar Zamfara. Ya sauya sheƙa daga jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP) zuwa ANPP gabanin zaben. Ya yi karo da Sanata mai ci Hassan Muhammed Nasiha (Hassan Gusau), wanda ya yi takara a karkashin jam’iyyar PDP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.peoplesdaily-online.com/politics/politics-today/6166-zamfara-anpp-guber-candidate-warns-pdp-against-intimidation |access-date=2020-01-05 |archive-date=2011-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009004523/http://www.peoplesdaily-online.com/politics/politics-today/6166-zamfara-anpp-guber-candidate-warns-pdp-against-intimidation |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kabir Garba Marafa}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar zamfara]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1960]] [[Category:Sanatocin Najeriya]] [[Category:Sanatoci daga jihar Zamfara]] o3my1zy5kfqe2qxtmxkqjymdckb1das 820970 820969 2026-04-13T20:50:02Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Kabir Garba Marafa.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Kabir Garba Marafa.jpg|thumb|ɗan siyasa ne]] '''Kabir Garba Marafa''' Ɗan siyasa ne da aka zaɓa a matsayin Sanata a Zamfara ta Tsakiya a cikin jihar Zamfara, Najeriya a zaɓen watan Afrilun 2011, wanda ke kan tikitin jam'iyyar All Nigeria People Party (ANPP).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://dailytimes.com.ng/article/meet-your-new-senate?sms_ss=twitter&at_xt=4da2982d29ee4242,0 |access-date=2020-01-05 |archive-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814062333/http://dailytimes.com.ng/article/meet-your-new-senate?sms_ss=twitter&at_xt=4da2982d29ee4242,0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Injiniya Kabir Garba Marafa ya kasance tsohon kwamishinan albarkatun ruwa a jihar Zamfara. Ya sauya sheƙa daga jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party [[PDP]] zuwa ANPP gabanin zaben. Ya yi karo da Sanata mai ci Hassan Muhammed Nasiha (Hassan Gusau), wanda ya yi takara a karkashin jam’iyyar PDP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.peoplesdaily-online.com/politics/politics-today/6166-zamfara-anpp-guber-candidate-warns-pdp-against-intimidation |access-date=2020-01-05 |archive-date=2011-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009004523/http://www.peoplesdaily-online.com/politics/politics-today/6166-zamfara-anpp-guber-candidate-warns-pdp-against-intimidation |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kabir Garba Marafa}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar zamfara]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1960]] [[Category:Sanatocin Najeriya]] [[Category:Sanatoci daga jihar Zamfara]] 85cff3kxez7b3x5mby0z3yveyxaweld 820971 820970 2026-04-13T20:50:49Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Kabir Garba Marafa.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Kabir Garba Marafa.jpg|thumb|ɗan siyasa ne]] '''Kabir Garba Marafa''' Ɗan siyasa ne da aka zaɓa a matsayin Sanata a Zamfara ta Tsakiya a cikin jihar Zamfara, Najeriya a zaɓen watan Afrilun 2011, wanda ke kan tikitin jam'iyyar All Nigeria People Party (ANPP).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://dailytimes.com.ng/article/meet-your-new-senate?sms_ss=twitter&at_xt=4da2982d29ee4242,0 |access-date=2020-01-05 |archive-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814062333/http://dailytimes.com.ng/article/meet-your-new-senate?sms_ss=twitter&at_xt=4da2982d29ee4242,0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Injiniya Kabir Garba Marafa ya kasance tsohon kwamishinan albarkatun ruwa a jihar Zamfara. Ya sauya sheƙa daga jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party [[PDP]] zuwa ANPP gabanin zaɓen. Ya yi karo da Sanata mai ci Hassan Muhammed Nasiha (Hassan Gusau), wanda ya yi takara a karkashin jam’iyyar PDP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.peoplesdaily-online.com/politics/politics-today/6166-zamfara-anpp-guber-candidate-warns-pdp-against-intimidation |access-date=2020-01-05 |archive-date=2011-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009004523/http://www.peoplesdaily-online.com/politics/politics-today/6166-zamfara-anpp-guber-candidate-warns-pdp-against-intimidation |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kabir Garba Marafa}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar zamfara]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1960]] [[Category:Sanatocin Najeriya]] [[Category:Sanatoci daga jihar Zamfara]] h7whr1vde0sguorrj9d3rgqwl0gie25 820972 820971 2026-04-13T20:51:45Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Kabir Garba Marafa.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Kabir Garba Marafa.jpg|thumb|ɗan siyasa ne]] '''Kabir Garba Marafa''' Ɗan siyasa ne da aka zaɓa a matsayin Sanata a Zamfara ta Tsakiya a cikin jihar Zamfara, Najeriya a zaɓen watan Afrilun 2011, wanda ke kan tikitin jam'iyyar All Nigeria People Party (ANPP).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://dailytimes.com.ng/article/meet-your-new-senate?sms_ss=twitter&at_xt=4da2982d29ee4242,0 |access-date=2020-01-05 |archive-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814062333/http://dailytimes.com.ng/article/meet-your-new-senate?sms_ss=twitter&at_xt=4da2982d29ee4242,0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Injiniya Kabir Garba Marafa ya kasance tsohon kwamishinan albarkatun ruwa a jihar Zamfara. Ya sauya sheƙa daga jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party [[PDP]] zuwa ANPP gabanin zaɓen. Ya yi karo da Sanata mai ci Hassan Muhammed Nasiha (Hassan Gusau), wanda ya yi takara a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar PDP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.peoplesdaily-online.com/politics/politics-today/6166-zamfara-anpp-guber-candidate-warns-pdp-against-intimidation |access-date=2020-01-05 |archive-date=2011-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009004523/http://www.peoplesdaily-online.com/politics/politics-today/6166-zamfara-anpp-guber-candidate-warns-pdp-against-intimidation |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kabir Garba Marafa}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar zamfara]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1960]] [[Category:Sanatocin Najeriya]] [[Category:Sanatoci daga jihar Zamfara]] qauid7ar7ae3kagcqbc5xqk1zrln1t8 0 14692 821073 808173 2026-04-14T06:20:19Z Gwanki 3834 821073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Cif Florence Nwanzuruahu Nkiru Nwapa Listen ⓘ (13 Janairu 1931 - 16 Oktoba 1993), marubuciya ce 'yar Najeriya wacce aka kira da uwar Adabin Afirka na zamani. [1] Ita ce jagorar tsarar marubutan mata 'yan Afirka, kuma marubuciya mace 'yar Afirka ta farko da aka buga a harshen Ingilishi a Birtaniya. [2] Ta sami karramawa daga ƙasashen duniya da littafinta na farko Efuru , wanda Heinemann Educational Books ya buga a 1966. [3] Duk da cewa ba ta taɓa ɗaukar kanta a matsayin mai kare mata ba, an fi saninta da sake ƙirƙirar rayuwa da al'adu daga ra'ayin mace 'yar Igbo . Ita kanta shugabar ƙabilar ce, tana riƙe da lakabin maza na musamman Ogbuefi a cikinsu. [4] [5] Ta wallafa wallafe-wallafen Afirka kuma ta inganta mata a cikin al'ummar Afirka. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata masu bugawa na farko na Afirka lokacin da ta kafa '''Tana Press''' a Najeriya a shekarar 1970. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Matris |first=Henry |date=2026-02-26 |title=Flora Nwapa: The First African Woman to Publish a Novel Internationally |url=https://theaccomplishmagazine.com/flora-nwapa-the-first-african-woman-to-publish-a-novel-internationally/ |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=theaccomplishmagazine.com}}</ref> Nwapa ta shiga aikin gwamnati a sake ginawa bayan [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin Biafra]]; musamman, ta yi aiki tare da marayu da 'yan gudun hijira waɗanda suka yi gudun hijira a lokacin yaƙin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |date=2019-01-13 |title=Florence Nwapa: The Mother of African Literature |url=https://guardian.ng/life/florence-nwapa-the-mother-of-african-literature/ |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=The Guardian |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Shekaru na farko da ilimi === An haifi Nwapa a yankin karamar hukuma ta [[Oguta]] na [[Imo|Jihar Imo]], a yankin kudu maso gabashin Najeriya, babba cikin 'ya'ya shida na Christopher Ijeoma (wakilin [[Kamfanin United Africa]]) da Martha Nwapa, malamin wasan kwaikwayo. Flora Nwapa ta halarci makaranta a Oguta, Makarantar Sakandare a [[Elelenwo]] a Obio Akpor LGA na Jihar Rivers, kudu maso kudu da Najeriya da [[Makarantar St Anne, Ibadan|Makarantar 'yan mata ta CMS, Jihar Legas]], wacce daga baya ta koma Ibadan don haɗuwa da Makarantar' yan mata ta Kudeti kuma an sake masa suna St Anne's School Ibadan . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-01-29 |title=Remembering Flora Nwapa |url=https://dailytrust.com/remembering-flora-nwapa/ |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-GB}}</ref> A shekara ta 1953, lokacin da take da shekaru 22, ta halarci jami'a kuma a shekara ta 1957, tana da shekaru 26, ta sami digiri na BA daga [[Jami'ar Ibadan|Kwalejin Jami'ar, Ibadan]] a [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]], kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Daga nan sai ta tafi Scotland, inda ta sami difloma a fannin ilimi daga Jami'ar Edinburgh a shekara ta 1958. === Family life === Flora Nwapa tana da 'ya'ya uku: Ejine Nzeribe (daga dangantakarta ta baya), Uzoma Gogo Nwakuche da Amede Nzeribe . Ta auri Cif Gogo Nwakuche . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-13 |title=Flora Nwapa: Mother of Modern African Literature |url=https://www.thehistoryville.com/flora-nwapa/ |access-date=2026-03-11 |language=en}}</ref> Kakanta, A. C. Nwapa, ita ce Ministan Kasuwanci da Masana'antu na farko a Najeriya, a cewar The House of Nwapa, shirin da Onyeka Nwelue ya yi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinbode |first=Ayomide |date=2019-01-13 |title=Flora Nwapa: Mother of Modern African Literature |url=https://www.thehistoryville.com/flora-nwapa/ |access-date=2022-05-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> Nwapa dan uwan marubucin Najeriya Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani ne . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kentake |first=Meserette |date=2015-05-04 |title=Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani |url=https://kentakepage.com/adaobi-tricia-nwaubani/ |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=Kentake Page |language=en-US}}</ref> === Koyarwa da hidimar jama'a === Bayan ya koma Najeriya, Nwapa ya shiga Ma'aikatar Ilimi a [[Kalaba|Calabar]] a matsayin Jami'in Ilimi har zuwa 1959. Daga nan sai ta yi aiki a matsayin malama a Makarantar Sarauniya a [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]], inda ta koyar da Turanci da Geography daga 1959 zuwa 1962. Ta ci gaba da aiki a fannin ilimi da kuma aikin gwamnati a mukamai da yawa, gami da Mataimakin Mai Rijista, [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] (1962-1967). Bayan [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]] na 1967-1970, ta karbi ofishin ministoci a matsayin Ministan Lafiya da Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a Gabashin Tsakiya (1970-71), sannan kuma a matsayin Minista na Lands, Survey and Urban Development (1971-74). Ta kasance malami mai ziyara a Kwalejin Ilimi ta Tarayya ta Alvan Ikoku a [[Owerri]], Najeriya . A shekara ta 1989, an nada ta farfesa mai ziyara na rubuce-rubuce masu kirkiro a [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]] . === Rubuce-rubuce da bugawa === Littafin farko na Nwapa, ''Efuru'', an buga shi ne a shekarar 1966 lokacin da take da shekaru 30, kuma an dauke shi aiki na farko a matsayin littafi na harshen Ingilishi ta wata marubuciyar mace ta Afirka. Ta aika da rubutun ga sanannen marubucin Najeriya [[Chinua Achebe]] a cikin 1962, wanda ya amsa da wasika mai kyau har ma ya haɗa da kuɗi don gidan waya don aika rubutun ga mai wallafa Turanci, Heinemann.<ref>Ezenwa-Ohaeto, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZTNOEimkkEcC&dq=Nwapa+chinua+abebe&pg=PA93 ''Chinua Achebe: A Biography''], p. 93, ({{ISBN|9780253333421}}), via google-books.</ref> Nwapa ya bi ''Efuru'' tare da litattafai kamar su ''[[Idu (littafi)|Idu]]'' (1970), Never Again (1975) , One is Enough (1981) , da Women are Different (1986) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Omijie |first=Othniel |date=2024-02-29 |title=Summary of Flora Nwapa’s “Women are Different” |url=https://www.literaturepadi.com.ng/2024/02/29/summary-of-flora-nwapas-women-are-different/ |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=Literature PADI |language=en-GB}}</ref>. Ta wallafa tarin labaru guda biyu - ''Wannan shi ne Legas'' (1971) da kuma Wives at War (1980) - da kuma yawan waƙoƙi, Cassava Song da Rice Song (1986).<ref>{{Cite web |title=This Is Lagos And Other Stories by Nwapa, Flora: (1971) First Edition. {{!}} James M Pickard, ABA, ILAB, PBFA. |url=https://www.abebooks.com/first-edition/Lagos-Stories-Nwapa-Flora/31718045608/bd |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=www.abebooks.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oshunloye |first=Taiwo |date=2025-07-10 |title=Flora Nwapa’s 1980 story collection ‘Wives At War’ set to be adapted into films |url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/flora-nwapas-1980-story-collection-wives-at-war-set-to-be-adapted-into-films/ |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=TheCable Lifestyle |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita ce kuma marubuciyar littattafai da yawa ga yara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ThriftBooks |title=Flora Nwapa Books {{!}} List of books by author Flora Nwapa |url=https://www.thriftbooks.com/a/flora-nwapa/274450/ |access-date=2021-04-27 |website=ThriftBooks |language=en}}</ref>{{Spaced en dash}}{{Spaced en dash}} A shekara ta 1974, ta kafa Tana Press, kuma a shekara ta 1977 Kamfanin Flora Nwapa, ta wallafa nata litattafan manya da yara da kuma ayyukan wasu marubuta.<ref>Zell, Hans M., [http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0006/000609/060911mb.pdf "Publishing and Book Development in Africa: A Bibliography"] (''Studies on Books and Reading'', UNESCO), p.{{Spaces}}4.</ref> Ta ba da ɗaya daga cikin manufofinta: "don sanar da ilimantar da mata a duk faɗin duniya, musamman 'yan mata (duka tare da babban birnin F da ƙaramin f) game da rawar da mata ke takawa a Najeriya, 'yancin kansu na tattalin arziki, dangantakarsu da maza da yara, imanin gargajiya da matsayinsu a cikin al'umma gaba ɗaya". An bayyana Tana a matsayin "ma'aikatar jarida ta farko da mace ta gudanar kuma an yi niyya ga manyan mata masu sauraro. Aikin da ya wuce lokacinsa a lokacin da babu wanda ya ga matan Afirka sun zama al'umma na masu karatu ko masu sayen littattafai". A farkon aikin wallafe-wallafen Nwapa, sakamakon yadda ake kallon mata da kuma yadda aka nuna ta, ba ta da sha'awar mata saboda ta ji an nuna bambanci ga maza, amma daga ƙarshe ta yarda da shi. Koyaya, gwagwarmayarta da mata tana wakiltar tattaunawar yanzu game da motsi a Afirka da duniya gaba ɗaya. Ayyukanta sun bayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafen da suka fara daga mujallu Présence Africaine da ''Black Orpheus'', a cikin shekarun 1960 da '70s, zuwa littafin 1992 Daughters of Africa, wanda [[Margaret Busby]] ta shirya. === Shekaru na baya === Ayyukan Nwapa a matsayin malami ya ci gaba a duk rayuwarta kuma ya ƙunshi koyarwa a kwalejoji da jami'o'i a duniya, gami da Jami'ar New York, Kwalejin Triniti, Jami'ar Minnesota, Jami'an Michigan da Jami'an Ilorin. Ta ce a wata hira da Mawallafa na zamani, "Na kasance ina rubutu kusan shekaru talatin. Sha'awar ta kasance a kan yankunan karkara da mata na birane a cikin neman rayuwa a cikin duniyar da ke canzawa da maza suka mamaye". Flora Nwapa ta mutu daga cutar huhu a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 1993 a wani asibiti a Enugu, Najeriya, tana da shekaru 62. <ref>Brenda F, Berrian, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3174890?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents "In Memoriam: Flora Nwapa (1931–1993"], ''Signs'', Vol.{{Spaces}}20, No.{{Spaces}}4, ''Postcolonial, Emergent, and Indigenous Feminisms'' (Summer 1995), pp.{{Spaces}}996–999.</ref> Littafinta na karshe, The Lake Goddess, an buga shi ne bayan mutuwarta. == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == ; Littattafai * ''Efuru'', Heinemann Littattafan Ilimi, 1966; Waveland Press, 2013, {{ISBN|9781478613275}} * ''[[Idu (littafi)|Idu]]'', Heinemann African Writers Series, No. 56, ; 1970{{ISBN|0-435-90056-0}} * Ba za a sake yin amfani da shi ba, Enugu: Tana Press, 1975; Nwamife, 1976; Africa World Press, 1992, {{ISBN|9780865433182}} * Ɗaya ya isa, Enugu: Flora Nwapa Co., 1981; Tana Press, 1984; Africa World Press, 1992, {{ISBN|9780865433229}} * ''Mata sun bambanta'', Enugu: Tana Press, 1986; Africa World Press, 1992, {{ISBN|9780865433267}} * The Lake Goddess, Lawrenceville, NJ: Africa World Press, 1995 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fable {{!}} Stories for everyone |url=https://fable.co/book/lake-goddess-by-nwapa-flora-9781098323851 |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=fable.co}}</ref> ; Gajerun labaru / waƙoƙi * ''Wannan shi ne Legas da Sauran Labarai'', Enugu: Nwamife, 1971; Africa World Press, 1992, {{ISBN|9780865433212}} * ''Mata a Yaƙi da Sauran Labarai'', Enugu: Nwamife, 1980; Flora Nwapa Co./Tana Press, 1984; Africa World Press, 1992, {{ISBN|9780865433281}} * Cassava Song da Rice Song, Enugu: Tana Press, 1986 ; Littattafan yara * Emeka, Driver's Guard, London: Jami'ar London Press, 1972; Enugu: Kamfanin Flora Nwapa, 1987 * ''Mammywater'', 1979; Enugu: Kamfanin Flora Nwapa, 1984 <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jell-Bahlsen |first=Sabine |date=1995 |title=The Concept of Mammywater in Flora Nwapa's Novels |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3820269 |journal=Research in African Literatures |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=30–41 |issn=0034-5210}}</ref> * ''Labaran Deke'', Enugu: Flora Nwapa Co., 1980 * Kittens na Mu'ujiza, Enugu: Kamfanin Flora Nwapa, 1980 * ''Tafiya zuwa sararin samaniya'', Enugu: Kamfanin Flora Nwapa, 1980 == Kyauta == Flora Nwapa shine batun wani shirin da ake kira The House of Nwapa, wanda Onyeka Nwelue ya yi, <ref>Wealth Ominabo Dickson, [http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/208821-interview-achebes-things-fall-apart-not-great-african-novel-onyeka-nwelue.html Interview with Onyeka Nwelue], ''Premium Times'', 18{{Spaces}}August 2016.</ref> wanda aka fara a watan Agustan 2016 A ranar 13 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2017, an yi bikin ranar haihuwar Nwapa tare da Google Doodle . Dan Nwapa, Uzoma Gogo Nwakuche, ya kafa Gidauniyar Flora Nwapa, kamfani mai zaman kansa na California, a cikin 1994 bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarsa a 1993. Gidauniyar Flora Nwapa ta yi bikin Efuru@50 a cikin 2016. == Dubi kuma == * [[Buchi Emecheta]] * [[Margaret Busby]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ƙarin karantawa ==   * Adeniyi, Idowu Emmanuel. "Male Sauran, Mata da Post-feminist Sanin a cikin Sembène Ousmane's God's Bits of Wood da Flora Nwapa's ''Efuru''". ''Ibadan Journal of English Studies'' 7 (2019):57-72. * Curry, Ginette. ''Farkawar Mata na Afirka: Dynamics of Change'' . London: Cambridge Scholars Press, 4 ga Janairu 2004. [https://www.amazon.com/Awakening-African-Women-Dynamics-Change/dp/190430334X/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1492886149&sr=8-2&keywords=ginette+curry]. * Adeola, James (ed.), A cikin Muryarsu, Marubuta Mata na Afirka suna Magana, Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1990. * Andrade, Susan Z., "Rewriting History, Motherhood and Rebellion", ''Bincike a cikin Littattafan Afirka'' 21. (1990): 91–110. * [[Akachi Adimora-Ezeigbo|Ezeigbo, Theodora Akachi]], "Cibiyoyin Mata na gargajiya a cikin al'ummar Igbo: Tasiri ga Marubucin Mata na Igbo", ''Harsuna da Al'adu'' 3. (1990): 149–65. * Githaiga, Anna, Bayani akan "Efuru" na Flora Nwapa, Nairobi: Littattafan Ilimi na Heinemann, 1979. * Ikonne, Chidi, "The Society and Woman's Quest for Selfhood in Flora Nwapa's Early Novels". ''Kunapipi'' 6. (1984): 68–78. * Nzegwu, Femi, Love, Motherhood da Tarihin Afirka: The Legacy of Flora Nwapa, Gidauniyar Renaissance ta Afirka (paperback 2003), {{ISBN|1-903625-09-2}} * Ogunyemi, Chikwenye Okonjo, Afirka Wo/Man Palava, Chicago: Jami'ar Chicago Press, 1996. * Umeh, Marie, Emerging Perspectives on Flora Nwapa: Critical and Theoretical Essays, Africa World Press (1998), {{ISBN|0-86543-515-4}} * Wilentz, Gay, Al'adun Haɗi, Marubuta mata baƙar fata a Afirka da Diaspora, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992. == Haɗin waje == * [http://authorscalendar.info/nwapa.htm "Flora Nwapa (1931-1993) "], Kalandar Mawallafa. * "Efuru ya sauya 50: 6 Marubutan Ziyarar Shafuka na Zaɓuɓɓuka daga Flora Nwapa's Debut Novel", ''Jamhuriyar'', 23 ga Fabrairu 2017. * [https://tv.nrk.no/serie/forfatterinne-i-dag/1987/FOLA00000687/avspiller "Forfatterinne da dag: Flora Nwapa"]. Wani shirin talabijin na Norway na 1987 wanda ke ba da haske game da rayuwar iyalin Flora Nwapa. {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1931]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2s71lzj7142y3qhlnljc4bkn001bh85 821074 821073 2026-04-14T06:20:43Z Gwanki 3834 821074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Cif Florence Nwanzuruahu Nkiru Nwapa Listen (13 Janairu 1931 - 16 Oktoba 1993), marubuciya ce 'yar Najeriya wacce aka kira da uwar Adabin Afirka na zamani. Ita ce jagorar tsarar marubutan mata 'yan Afirka, kuma marubuciya mace 'yar Afirka ta farko da aka buga a harshen Ingilishi a Birtaniya. [2] Ta sami karramawa daga ƙasashen duniya da littafinta na farko Efuru , wanda Heinemann Educational Books ya buga a 1966. Duk da cewa ba ta taɓa ɗaukar kanta a matsayin mai kare mata ba, an fi saninta da sake ƙirƙirar rayuwa da al'adu daga ra'ayin mace 'yar Igbo . Ita kanta shugabar ƙabilar ce, tana riƙe da lakabin maza na musamman Ogbuefi a cikinsu. Ta wallafa wallafe-wallafen Afirka kuma ta inganta mata a cikin al'ummar Afirka. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata masu bugawa na farko na Afirka lokacin da ta kafa '''Tana Press''' a Najeriya a shekarar 1970. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Matris |first=Henry |date=2026-02-26 |title=Flora Nwapa: The First African Woman to Publish a Novel Internationally |url=https://theaccomplishmagazine.com/flora-nwapa-the-first-african-woman-to-publish-a-novel-internationally/ |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=theaccomplishmagazine.com}}</ref> Nwapa ta shiga aikin gwamnati a sake ginawa bayan [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin Biafra]]; musamman, ta yi aiki tare da marayu da 'yan gudun hijira waɗanda suka yi gudun hijira a lokacin yaƙin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |date=2019-01-13 |title=Florence Nwapa: The Mother of African Literature |url=https://guardian.ng/life/florence-nwapa-the-mother-of-african-literature/ |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=The Guardian |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Shekaru na farko da ilimi === An haifi Nwapa a yankin karamar hukuma ta [[Oguta]] na [[Imo|Jihar Imo]], a yankin kudu maso gabashin Najeriya, babba cikin 'ya'ya shida na Christopher Ijeoma (wakilin [[Kamfanin United Africa]]) da Martha Nwapa, malamin wasan kwaikwayo. Flora Nwapa ta halarci makaranta a Oguta, Makarantar Sakandare a [[Elelenwo]] a Obio Akpor LGA na Jihar Rivers, kudu maso kudu da Najeriya da [[Makarantar St Anne, Ibadan|Makarantar 'yan mata ta CMS, Jihar Legas]], wacce daga baya ta koma Ibadan don haɗuwa da Makarantar' yan mata ta Kudeti kuma an sake masa suna St Anne's School Ibadan . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-01-29 |title=Remembering Flora Nwapa |url=https://dailytrust.com/remembering-flora-nwapa/ |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-GB}}</ref> A shekara ta 1953, lokacin da take da shekaru 22, ta halarci jami'a kuma a shekara ta 1957, tana da shekaru 26, ta sami digiri na BA daga [[Jami'ar Ibadan|Kwalejin Jami'ar, Ibadan]] a [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]], kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Daga nan sai ta tafi Scotland, inda ta sami difloma a fannin ilimi daga Jami'ar Edinburgh a shekara ta 1958. === Family life === Flora Nwapa tana da 'ya'ya uku: Ejine Nzeribe (daga dangantakarta ta baya), Uzoma Gogo Nwakuche da Amede Nzeribe . Ta auri Cif Gogo Nwakuche . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-13 |title=Flora Nwapa: Mother of Modern African Literature |url=https://www.thehistoryville.com/flora-nwapa/ |access-date=2026-03-11 |language=en}}</ref> Kakanta, A. C. Nwapa, ita ce Ministan Kasuwanci da Masana'antu na farko a Najeriya, a cewar The House of Nwapa, shirin da Onyeka Nwelue ya yi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinbode |first=Ayomide |date=2019-01-13 |title=Flora Nwapa: Mother of Modern African Literature |url=https://www.thehistoryville.com/flora-nwapa/ |access-date=2022-05-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> Nwapa dan uwan marubucin Najeriya Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani ne . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kentake |first=Meserette |date=2015-05-04 |title=Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani |url=https://kentakepage.com/adaobi-tricia-nwaubani/ |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=Kentake Page |language=en-US}}</ref> === Koyarwa da hidimar jama'a === Bayan ya koma Najeriya, Nwapa ya shiga Ma'aikatar Ilimi a [[Kalaba|Calabar]] a matsayin Jami'in Ilimi har zuwa 1959. Daga nan sai ta yi aiki a matsayin malama a Makarantar Sarauniya a [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]], inda ta koyar da Turanci da Geography daga 1959 zuwa 1962. Ta ci gaba da aiki a fannin ilimi da kuma aikin gwamnati a mukamai da yawa, gami da Mataimakin Mai Rijista, [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] (1962-1967). Bayan [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]] na 1967-1970, ta karbi ofishin ministoci a matsayin Ministan Lafiya da Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a Gabashin Tsakiya (1970-71), sannan kuma a matsayin Minista na Lands, Survey and Urban Development (1971-74). Ta kasance malami mai ziyara a Kwalejin Ilimi ta Tarayya ta Alvan Ikoku a [[Owerri]], Najeriya . A shekara ta 1989, an nada ta farfesa mai ziyara na rubuce-rubuce masu kirkiro a [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]] . === Rubuce-rubuce da bugawa === Littafin farko na Nwapa, ''Efuru'', an buga shi ne a shekarar 1966 lokacin da take da shekaru 30, kuma an dauke shi aiki na farko a matsayin littafi na harshen Ingilishi ta wata marubuciyar mace ta Afirka. Ta aika da rubutun ga sanannen marubucin Najeriya [[Chinua Achebe]] a cikin 1962, wanda ya amsa da wasika mai kyau har ma ya haɗa da kuɗi don gidan waya don aika rubutun ga mai wallafa Turanci, Heinemann.<ref>Ezenwa-Ohaeto, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZTNOEimkkEcC&dq=Nwapa+chinua+abebe&pg=PA93 ''Chinua Achebe: A Biography''], p. 93, ({{ISBN|9780253333421}}), via google-books.</ref> Nwapa ya bi ''Efuru'' tare da litattafai kamar su ''[[Idu (littafi)|Idu]]'' (1970), Never Again (1975) , One is Enough (1981) , da Women are Different (1986) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Omijie |first=Othniel |date=2024-02-29 |title=Summary of Flora Nwapa’s “Women are Different” |url=https://www.literaturepadi.com.ng/2024/02/29/summary-of-flora-nwapas-women-are-different/ |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=Literature PADI |language=en-GB}}</ref>. Ta wallafa tarin labaru guda biyu - ''Wannan shi ne Legas'' (1971) da kuma Wives at War (1980) - da kuma yawan waƙoƙi, Cassava Song da Rice Song (1986).<ref>{{Cite web |title=This Is Lagos And Other Stories by Nwapa, Flora: (1971) First Edition. {{!}} James M Pickard, ABA, ILAB, PBFA. |url=https://www.abebooks.com/first-edition/Lagos-Stories-Nwapa-Flora/31718045608/bd |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=www.abebooks.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oshunloye |first=Taiwo |date=2025-07-10 |title=Flora Nwapa’s 1980 story collection ‘Wives At War’ set to be adapted into films |url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/flora-nwapas-1980-story-collection-wives-at-war-set-to-be-adapted-into-films/ |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=TheCable Lifestyle |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita ce kuma marubuciyar littattafai da yawa ga yara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ThriftBooks |title=Flora Nwapa Books {{!}} List of books by author Flora Nwapa |url=https://www.thriftbooks.com/a/flora-nwapa/274450/ |access-date=2021-04-27 |website=ThriftBooks |language=en}}</ref>{{Spaced en dash}}{{Spaced en dash}} A shekara ta 1974, ta kafa Tana Press, kuma a shekara ta 1977 Kamfanin Flora Nwapa, ta wallafa nata litattafan manya da yara da kuma ayyukan wasu marubuta.<ref>Zell, Hans M., [http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0006/000609/060911mb.pdf "Publishing and Book Development in Africa: A Bibliography"] (''Studies on Books and Reading'', UNESCO), p.{{Spaces}}4.</ref> Ta ba da ɗaya daga cikin manufofinta: "don sanar da ilimantar da mata a duk faɗin duniya, musamman 'yan mata (duka tare da babban birnin F da ƙaramin f) game da rawar da mata ke takawa a Najeriya, 'yancin kansu na tattalin arziki, dangantakarsu da maza da yara, imanin gargajiya da matsayinsu a cikin al'umma gaba ɗaya". An bayyana Tana a matsayin "ma'aikatar jarida ta farko da mace ta gudanar kuma an yi niyya ga manyan mata masu sauraro. Aikin da ya wuce lokacinsa a lokacin da babu wanda ya ga matan Afirka sun zama al'umma na masu karatu ko masu sayen littattafai". A farkon aikin wallafe-wallafen Nwapa, sakamakon yadda ake kallon mata da kuma yadda aka nuna ta, ba ta da sha'awar mata saboda ta ji an nuna bambanci ga maza, amma daga ƙarshe ta yarda da shi. Koyaya, gwagwarmayarta da mata tana wakiltar tattaunawar yanzu game da motsi a Afirka da duniya gaba ɗaya. Ayyukanta sun bayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafen da suka fara daga mujallu Présence Africaine da ''Black Orpheus'', a cikin shekarun 1960 da '70s, zuwa littafin 1992 Daughters of Africa, wanda [[Margaret Busby]] ta shirya. === Shekaru na baya === Ayyukan Nwapa a matsayin malami ya ci gaba a duk rayuwarta kuma ya ƙunshi koyarwa a kwalejoji da jami'o'i a duniya, gami da Jami'ar New York, Kwalejin Triniti, Jami'ar Minnesota, Jami'an Michigan da Jami'an Ilorin. Ta ce a wata hira da Mawallafa na zamani, "Na kasance ina rubutu kusan shekaru talatin. Sha'awar ta kasance a kan yankunan karkara da mata na birane a cikin neman rayuwa a cikin duniyar da ke canzawa da maza suka mamaye". Flora Nwapa ta mutu daga cutar huhu a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 1993 a wani asibiti a Enugu, Najeriya, tana da shekaru 62. <ref>Brenda F, Berrian, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3174890?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents "In Memoriam: Flora Nwapa (1931–1993"], ''Signs'', Vol.{{Spaces}}20, No.{{Spaces}}4, ''Postcolonial, Emergent, and Indigenous Feminisms'' (Summer 1995), pp.{{Spaces}}996–999.</ref> Littafinta na karshe, The Lake Goddess, an buga shi ne bayan mutuwarta. == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == ; Littattafai * ''Efuru'', Heinemann Littattafan Ilimi, 1966; Waveland Press, 2013, {{ISBN|9781478613275}} * ''[[Idu (littafi)|Idu]]'', Heinemann African Writers Series, No. 56, ; 1970{{ISBN|0-435-90056-0}} * Ba za a sake yin amfani da shi ba, Enugu: Tana Press, 1975; Nwamife, 1976; Africa World Press, 1992, {{ISBN|9780865433182}} * Ɗaya ya isa, Enugu: Flora Nwapa Co., 1981; Tana Press, 1984; Africa World Press, 1992, {{ISBN|9780865433229}} * ''Mata sun bambanta'', Enugu: Tana Press, 1986; Africa World Press, 1992, {{ISBN|9780865433267}} * The Lake Goddess, Lawrenceville, NJ: Africa World Press, 1995 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fable {{!}} Stories for everyone |url=https://fable.co/book/lake-goddess-by-nwapa-flora-9781098323851 |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=fable.co}}</ref> ; Gajerun labaru / waƙoƙi * ''Wannan shi ne Legas da Sauran Labarai'', Enugu: Nwamife, 1971; Africa World Press, 1992, {{ISBN|9780865433212}} * ''Mata a Yaƙi da Sauran Labarai'', Enugu: Nwamife, 1980; Flora Nwapa Co./Tana Press, 1984; Africa World Press, 1992, {{ISBN|9780865433281}} * Cassava Song da Rice Song, Enugu: Tana Press, 1986 ; Littattafan yara * Emeka, Driver's Guard, London: Jami'ar London Press, 1972; Enugu: Kamfanin Flora Nwapa, 1987 * ''Mammywater'', 1979; Enugu: Kamfanin Flora Nwapa, 1984 <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jell-Bahlsen |first=Sabine |date=1995 |title=The Concept of Mammywater in Flora Nwapa's Novels |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3820269 |journal=Research in African Literatures |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=30–41 |issn=0034-5210}}</ref> * ''Labaran Deke'', Enugu: Flora Nwapa Co., 1980 * Kittens na Mu'ujiza, Enugu: Kamfanin Flora Nwapa, 1980 * ''Tafiya zuwa sararin samaniya'', Enugu: Kamfanin Flora Nwapa, 1980 == Kyauta == Flora Nwapa shine batun wani shirin da ake kira The House of Nwapa, wanda Onyeka Nwelue ya yi, <ref>Wealth Ominabo Dickson, [http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/208821-interview-achebes-things-fall-apart-not-great-african-novel-onyeka-nwelue.html Interview with Onyeka Nwelue], ''Premium Times'', 18{{Spaces}}August 2016.</ref> wanda aka fara a watan Agustan 2016 A ranar 13 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2017, an yi bikin ranar haihuwar Nwapa tare da Google Doodle . Dan Nwapa, Uzoma Gogo Nwakuche, ya kafa Gidauniyar Flora Nwapa, kamfani mai zaman kansa na California, a cikin 1994 bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarsa a 1993. Gidauniyar Flora Nwapa ta yi bikin Efuru@50 a cikin 2016. == Dubi kuma == * [[Buchi Emecheta]] * [[Margaret Busby]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ƙarin karantawa ==   * Adeniyi, Idowu Emmanuel. "Male Sauran, Mata da Post-feminist Sanin a cikin Sembène Ousmane's God's Bits of Wood da Flora Nwapa's ''Efuru''". ''Ibadan Journal of English Studies'' 7 (2019):57-72. * Curry, Ginette. ''Farkawar Mata na Afirka: Dynamics of Change'' . London: Cambridge Scholars Press, 4 ga Janairu 2004. [https://www.amazon.com/Awakening-African-Women-Dynamics-Change/dp/190430334X/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1492886149&sr=8-2&keywords=ginette+curry]. * Adeola, James (ed.), A cikin Muryarsu, Marubuta Mata na Afirka suna Magana, Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1990. * Andrade, Susan Z., "Rewriting History, Motherhood and Rebellion", ''Bincike a cikin Littattafan Afirka'' 21. (1990): 91–110. * [[Akachi Adimora-Ezeigbo|Ezeigbo, Theodora Akachi]], "Cibiyoyin Mata na gargajiya a cikin al'ummar Igbo: Tasiri ga Marubucin Mata na Igbo", ''Harsuna da Al'adu'' 3. (1990): 149–65. * Githaiga, Anna, Bayani akan "Efuru" na Flora Nwapa, Nairobi: Littattafan Ilimi na Heinemann, 1979. * Ikonne, Chidi, "The Society and Woman's Quest for Selfhood in Flora Nwapa's Early Novels". ''Kunapipi'' 6. (1984): 68–78. * Nzegwu, Femi, Love, Motherhood da Tarihin Afirka: The Legacy of Flora Nwapa, Gidauniyar Renaissance ta Afirka (paperback 2003), {{ISBN|1-903625-09-2}} * Ogunyemi, Chikwenye Okonjo, Afirka Wo/Man Palava, Chicago: Jami'ar Chicago Press, 1996. * Umeh, Marie, Emerging Perspectives on Flora Nwapa: Critical and Theoretical Essays, Africa World Press (1998), {{ISBN|0-86543-515-4}} * Wilentz, Gay, Al'adun Haɗi, Marubuta mata baƙar fata a Afirka da Diaspora, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992. == Haɗin waje == * [http://authorscalendar.info/nwapa.htm "Flora Nwapa (1931-1993) "], Kalandar Mawallafa. * "Efuru ya sauya 50: 6 Marubutan Ziyarar Shafuka na Zaɓuɓɓuka daga Flora Nwapa's Debut Novel", ''Jamhuriyar'', 23 ga Fabrairu 2017. * [https://tv.nrk.no/serie/forfatterinne-i-dag/1987/FOLA00000687/avspiller "Forfatterinne da dag: Flora Nwapa"]. Wani shirin talabijin na Norway na 1987 wanda ke ba da haske game da rayuwar iyalin Flora Nwapa. {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1931]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] reo5gwz75c70mgphw9kpoy31hhpdmxf 4 21908 820987 820616 2026-04-13T21:25:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 820987 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numba !Edita !Gudummuwa !Lokacin rajista |- |1 |[[User:Big tycrg|Big tycrg]] |[[Special:Contributions/Big tycrg|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 13 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |2 |[[User:Narrivon|Narrivon]] |[[Special:Contributions/Narrivon|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 13 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |3 |[[User:Odoaker|Odoaker]] |[[Special:Contributions/Odoaker|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 13 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |4 |[[User:Metroitendo|Metroitendo]] |[[Special:Contributions/Metroitendo|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 13 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |5 |[[User:Nyata8819|Nyata8819]] |[[Special:Contributions/Nyata8819|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 13 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |6 |[[User:Sinjarist|Sinjarist]] |[[Special:Contributions/Sinjarist|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 13 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |7 |[[User:Bocardodarapti|Bocardodarapti]] |[[Special:Contributions/Bocardodarapti|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 13 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |8 |[[User:Sshaeff1|Sshaeff1]] |[[Special:Contributions/Sshaeff1|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 13 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |9 |[[User:Käristelijä|Käristelijä]] |[[Special:Contributions/Käristelijä|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 13 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |10 |[[User:Iamsulbasun|Iamsulbasun]] |[[Special:Contributions/Iamsulbasun|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 13 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |11 |[[User:A-fr-wiki-user|A-fr-wiki-user]] |[[Special:Contributions/A-fr-wiki-user|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 13 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |12 |[[User:Zaharaddeen isah|Zaharaddeen isah]] |[[Special:Contributions/Zaharaddeen isah|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 13 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |13 |[[User:Shaatuh|Shaatuh]] |[[Special:Contributions/Shaatuh|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 13 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |14 |[[User:ABDOULRAZAK M|ABDOULRAZAK M]] |[[Special:Contributions/ABDOULRAZAK M|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 13 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |} m17m1njif56vm5cgyamm5qgy5vv7ys6 0 23327 820835 565179 2026-04-13T15:03:17Z ~2026-22669-36 43948 /* Farkon rayuwa da Karatu */ 820835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adamu Chiroma''' (An haifeshi a shekara ta 1938). Ya kasance ɗan siyasa ne na kasar [[Najeriya]]. ==Farkon rayuwa da Karatu== (An haife shi a shekarar 1934) a garin Fika da ke cikin tsohuwar jahar Borno, yanzu kuma ya koma jahar Yobe. 1943 - 1947: Makarantar elimantare ta Pika daga baya kuma ya koma Potiskum. 1947 - 1949: Makarantar midil ta Borno da ke Maiduguri. 1950 – 1955: Kwalejin Barewa da ke Zariya. 1955 – 1958: Nigerian College of Art Zaria, wacce yanzu ta koma ABU. 1958 – 1961: Jami’ar Ibadan (Ibadan University) inda ya yi karantun digiri a fannin tarihi (Bachelor of History). ==Gogayyar Aiki== “A lokacin duk wanda ya je makaranta ana jiransa da aiki, saboda haka ina fitowa sai aka bani aiki a ofishin Sardauna, inda na yi aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu. Daga baya kuma aka yi min DO (District Officer) a Mambila da kuma Lardin Sardauna (Sardauna Province); wannan lardi ta haɗa da Mubi, Goza, Ganye, da kuma Mambila. Sai dai, Mubi ita ce Helikwatar wannan lardi; Ganye da Mubi su ne Lardin Sardauna, amma da can baya, a cikin Kamaru (Cameroon) suke, Marigayi Sir Ahmadu Bello Sardauna ne ya yi ƙoƙari suka dawo Najeriya, saboda haka ake kiransu da sunansa, wato Lardin Sardauna (Sardauna Province)”. Marigayi Alhaji Adamu Ciroma (2017). Sai kuma a cikin shekarar 1965 ya koma zuwa gwamnatin tarayya da aiki, inda aka tura shi hukumar kula da ma’aikata (civil service). Suna cikin wannan aiki sai aka yi juyin mulkin 1966. A wannan guri ya yi aiki da Federal Ministry of Mines and Power (Lokacin Marigayi Ɗanmasanin Kano ne Ministan Ma’aikatar). Yana cikin wannan aiki sai gwamnatin Arewa ta kafa Jarida mai suna New Nigerian Newspaper. Sai aka yi masa Editan farko na wannan kamfanin jarida. Bayan edita ya riƙe janaral manaja, sai kuma manajan darekta na wannan kamfani. “Kamar yadda aka sani, gwamnoni suna son a yi abu yadda suke so, ni kuma ina son yin abu bisa doka da ƙa’ida da bin gaskiya, saboda haka sai muka samu saɓani da gwamnonin Arewa a lokacin, abin da ya haifar da bari na aiki kenan a wannan kamfani na jarida”. Sai kuma daga baya ya koma kamfanin masaƙa na United Nigerian Textile. Ya yi aiki a wannan kamfani na tsawon shekara biyu. Sai kawai aka yi juyin mulki na Murtala. Haka nan kuma a lokacin da yake kamfanin New Nigerian Newspaper, ya riƙe muƙamin darakta a Babban Banki Najeriya har zuwa ƙarshen zamansa na textile. Sannan kuma bayan juyin mulkin sojojin na farko, an zaɓe shi a matsayin wakili mai wakiltar Borno, zaɓen da aka yi shi ba tare da saninsa ba, sai dai kawai an sanar da shi cewa ya je [[Lagos]] don wakiltar jaharsa ta Barno a wajen taron sake tsara Kundin Mulkin Najeriya wanda aka kammala shi a shekarar 1979. “Muna tsaka da wannan aiki na tsarin mulki, sai maganar siyasa ta shigo ciki, saboda mutane suna cewa idan aka yi wannan tsarin mulki su waye za su gudanar da shi? Saboda haka a wannan zama aka kafa jama’iyyun siyasa da suka haɗa daNPN, PRP, da sauransu”. Bayan an kafa waɗannan jama’iyyu sai aka yi zaɓen da ya ɗora Alhaji [[Shehu Shagari]] a kan mulki. Alhaji Adamu Chiroma yana daga cikin waɗanda aka zaɓa don su tsaya takarar shugabanci ƙasa daga Arewa. Sunan sa shi ne na uku a wajen babban taron NPN da aka yi a Lagos (Convention). Bayan da aka kai waɗannan sunaye [[Lagos]] sai wasu ‘yan arewa suka ce basu yarda ba suma sai an saka sunansu. Daga irin waɗannan mutane akwai [[Bukola Saraki]] da Iya Abubakar. Faruwar wannan sai aka ce to a sake zaɓe. Da aka sake zaɓe sai da aka sake saka sunayensu su uku da farko sannan kuma aka ƙara sunayen mutane uku. Bayan wannan kuma sai aka sake buga zaɓe. A karon farko sai aka sake watsar da waɗancan ukun aka sake fitar da ukun farko. Daga nan kuma sai aka shiga yarjejeniyar musamman tsakanin mutanen Barno da Kano. <ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/275190-buhari-obasanjo-atiku-dickson-others-mourn-as-adamu-ciroma-passes-on-at-83.html</ref> A wannan sulhu aka ce idan aka sake gudanar da wannan zaɓe na fitar da gwani kuma aka dace aka fitar da gwani guda ɗaya, akwai yiwuwar samun matsala, saboda haka sai shi Chiroma da Ɗanmasanin Kano suka janye wa Shagari. Saboda haka daga baya sai aka naɗa Adamu Chiroma ya zama sakataren jama’iyya, shi kuma Alhaji Shehu Shagari ya zama ɗantakara. Daga nan sai aka shiga hidimar kamfe, inda bayan an kaɗa zaɓe sai Shagari ya ci zaɓe. Gwamnan Babban Bankin Najeriya Bayan da ya bar aiki a New Nigerian Newspaper, gwamnati ta naɗa shi ya zama darakta na Babban Bankin Najeriya (CBN). Muƙamin da ya riƙe tsawon shekaru biyu. ==Barin Aiki da Shiga Siyasa== Alhaji Adamu Chiroma ɗan siyasa ne tun daga jamhuriya ta farko. A jamhuriyar farko ya yi jama’iyyar NPC, jamhuriya ta biyu kuma da shi aka kafa jama’iyyar NPN, sai kuma jamhuriya ta huɗu da aka kafa jama’iyyar PDP da shi. Alhaji Adamu Chiroma ya ce, “Ina cikin riƙe da wannan kujera, sai na samu saƙo daga jahata ta Barno cewa an zaɓe ni na wakilci Barno a wajen taron Tsarin Mulkin Ƙasa. Kuma a dokance bai halasta ba mutum yana Gwamnan Babban Banki ya riƙe wani muƙami, sabod haka sai na rubuta takardar barin aiki. Tun daga wannan lokaci na shiga siyasa”. Zamowarsa Minista Bayan da aka ci zaɓen da ya ɗora Alhaji Shehu Shagari a kan kujerar shugabancin Najeriya, sai shi Shagari ya kira Adamu Chiroma cewa wanne muƙami yake so a cikin gwamnati. Shi kuma sai ya amsa masa da cewa, shi tun farko umarni aka bashi kuma ya bi, saboda haka duk aikin da aka bashi ko na kwasar shara ne zai iya yi. Saboda haka, sai aka yi masa ministan masana’antu (Minister of industry). Bayan shekara biyu kuma aka mayar da shi ma’aikatar gona (Ministry for Agriculture). Bayan sake sabon zaɓe kuma sai aka yi masa Ministan kuɗi (Minister of Finance). Haka nan ma a zamanin mulkin soja na shugaba Abacha ya riƙe ministan aikin gona (Agriculture). Kafa Jama’iyyar PDP Bayan an sake mu, wata rana ina Kaduna sai Marigayi Rimi da Sule suka zo suka same ni a Kaduna. Suka ce yanzu an sake sabuwar siyasa, kuma mun zauna a kurkuku mun fahimci juna. Menene abin yi? Sai na ce mu yi siyasar haɗin kai. Daga nan sai Rimi ya kira su Jerry Gana, su Solomon Lar, da sauran yaran ‘Yar’aduwa. Muma sai muka kira abokan siyarmu. Sai muka ce da su to, ga siyasa, sannan kuma abubuwan da aka yi mana na cin mutunci har zuwa lokacin Abacha. Saboda haka mu, bamu yarda soja su dama da mu ba. Mu faɗa mu cewa mu bamu yarda a yi siyasar cutar jama’a ba. Saboda haka sai muka rubutawa Abacha cewa lallai bamu yarda ba sai ya sauka. <ref>https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-44736022</ref> Bayan faruwar waɗannan abubuwa sai muka kafa PDP. Da muka kafa jama’iyyar ta PDP sai muka ɗebo dukkan tunanin gyara ƙasa, haɗa kai, da kula da jama’a, muka yarada cewa: 1. [[Najeriya]] tana buƙatar mutane daga kowane gefe da kowane shahi su haɗa kai; 2. Mutane su girmama juna; 3. Su tabbata cewa sun yi abin da zai haɗa kan ƙasa, saboda an yi juye-juyen mulki duk bai haifar da ɗa mai ido ba. Sannan mun lura cewa lokacin da aka yi juyin mulkin Buhari, duk baki ɗayanmu aka tattara mu aka zuba a ƙiri-ƙiri ba tare da bambacin jamaiyya ba. Saboda haka a nan muka ɗauki darasi da kuma zama da juna. A nan muka fahimci junanmu a sannu, sannan muka zauna lafiya da juna. Kyaututtukan Girmamawa An ƙayatar da marigayi Alhaji Adamu Chiroma da lambar yabo ta ƙasa mai taken CFR, a zamanin shugaba Obasanjo. <ref>http://saharareporters.com/2018/07/05/breaking-adamu-ciroma-ex-cbn-governor-and-ex-finance-minister-dies-84</ref> ==Mutuwa== Alhaji Adamu Chiroma, “Ya rasu ne a ranar Alhamis da rana a Abuja, bayan ya sha fama da rashin lafiya. An yi jana'izar marigayi Malam Adamu Ciroma a masallacin Al Noor da ke Abuja. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} dweeu7n75qeskr0pq8k9u1p2dbv3i6c 820837 820835 2026-04-13T15:03:49Z ~2026-22669-36 43948 /* Farkon rayuwa da Karatu */ 820837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adamu Chiroma''' (An haifeshi a shekara ta 1938). Ya kasance ɗan siyasa ne na kasar [[Najeriya]]. ==Farkon rayuwa da Karatu== (An haife shi a shekarar 1934) a garin Fika da ke cikin tsohuwar jahar Borno, yanzu kuma ta koma jahar Yobe. 1943 - 1947: Makarantar elimantare ta Pika daga baya kuma ya koma Potiskum. 1947 - 1949: Makarantar midil ta Borno da ke Maiduguri. 1950 – 1955: Kwalejin Barewa da ke Zariya. 1955 – 1958: Nigerian College of Art Zaria, wacce yanzu ta koma ABU. 1958 – 1961: Jami’ar Ibadan (Ibadan University) inda ya yi karantun digiri a fannin tarihi (Bachelor of History). ==Gogayyar Aiki== “A lokacin duk wanda ya je makaranta ana jiransa da aiki, saboda haka ina fitowa sai aka bani aiki a ofishin Sardauna, inda na yi aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu. Daga baya kuma aka yi min DO (District Officer) a Mambila da kuma Lardin Sardauna (Sardauna Province); wannan lardi ta haɗa da Mubi, Goza, Ganye, da kuma Mambila. Sai dai, Mubi ita ce Helikwatar wannan lardi; Ganye da Mubi su ne Lardin Sardauna, amma da can baya, a cikin Kamaru (Cameroon) suke, Marigayi Sir Ahmadu Bello Sardauna ne ya yi ƙoƙari suka dawo Najeriya, saboda haka ake kiransu da sunansa, wato Lardin Sardauna (Sardauna Province)”. Marigayi Alhaji Adamu Ciroma (2017). Sai kuma a cikin shekarar 1965 ya koma zuwa gwamnatin tarayya da aiki, inda aka tura shi hukumar kula da ma’aikata (civil service). Suna cikin wannan aiki sai aka yi juyin mulkin 1966. A wannan guri ya yi aiki da Federal Ministry of Mines and Power (Lokacin Marigayi Ɗanmasanin Kano ne Ministan Ma’aikatar). Yana cikin wannan aiki sai gwamnatin Arewa ta kafa Jarida mai suna New Nigerian Newspaper. Sai aka yi masa Editan farko na wannan kamfanin jarida. Bayan edita ya riƙe janaral manaja, sai kuma manajan darekta na wannan kamfani. “Kamar yadda aka sani, gwamnoni suna son a yi abu yadda suke so, ni kuma ina son yin abu bisa doka da ƙa’ida da bin gaskiya, saboda haka sai muka samu saɓani da gwamnonin Arewa a lokacin, abin da ya haifar da bari na aiki kenan a wannan kamfani na jarida”. Sai kuma daga baya ya koma kamfanin masaƙa na United Nigerian Textile. Ya yi aiki a wannan kamfani na tsawon shekara biyu. Sai kawai aka yi juyin mulki na Murtala. Haka nan kuma a lokacin da yake kamfanin New Nigerian Newspaper, ya riƙe muƙamin darakta a Babban Banki Najeriya har zuwa ƙarshen zamansa na textile. Sannan kuma bayan juyin mulkin sojojin na farko, an zaɓe shi a matsayin wakili mai wakiltar Borno, zaɓen da aka yi shi ba tare da saninsa ba, sai dai kawai an sanar da shi cewa ya je [[Lagos]] don wakiltar jaharsa ta Barno a wajen taron sake tsara Kundin Mulkin Najeriya wanda aka kammala shi a shekarar 1979. “Muna tsaka da wannan aiki na tsarin mulki, sai maganar siyasa ta shigo ciki, saboda mutane suna cewa idan aka yi wannan tsarin mulki su waye za su gudanar da shi? Saboda haka a wannan zama aka kafa jama’iyyun siyasa da suka haɗa daNPN, PRP, da sauransu”. Bayan an kafa waɗannan jama’iyyu sai aka yi zaɓen da ya ɗora Alhaji [[Shehu Shagari]] a kan mulki. Alhaji Adamu Chiroma yana daga cikin waɗanda aka zaɓa don su tsaya takarar shugabanci ƙasa daga Arewa. Sunan sa shi ne na uku a wajen babban taron NPN da aka yi a Lagos (Convention). Bayan da aka kai waɗannan sunaye [[Lagos]] sai wasu ‘yan arewa suka ce basu yarda ba suma sai an saka sunansu. Daga irin waɗannan mutane akwai [[Bukola Saraki]] da Iya Abubakar. Faruwar wannan sai aka ce to a sake zaɓe. Da aka sake zaɓe sai da aka sake saka sunayensu su uku da farko sannan kuma aka ƙara sunayen mutane uku. Bayan wannan kuma sai aka sake buga zaɓe. A karon farko sai aka sake watsar da waɗancan ukun aka sake fitar da ukun farko. Daga nan kuma sai aka shiga yarjejeniyar musamman tsakanin mutanen Barno da Kano. <ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/275190-buhari-obasanjo-atiku-dickson-others-mourn-as-adamu-ciroma-passes-on-at-83.html</ref> A wannan sulhu aka ce idan aka sake gudanar da wannan zaɓe na fitar da gwani kuma aka dace aka fitar da gwani guda ɗaya, akwai yiwuwar samun matsala, saboda haka sai shi Chiroma da Ɗanmasanin Kano suka janye wa Shagari. Saboda haka daga baya sai aka naɗa Adamu Chiroma ya zama sakataren jama’iyya, shi kuma Alhaji Shehu Shagari ya zama ɗantakara. Daga nan sai aka shiga hidimar kamfe, inda bayan an kaɗa zaɓe sai Shagari ya ci zaɓe. Gwamnan Babban Bankin Najeriya Bayan da ya bar aiki a New Nigerian Newspaper, gwamnati ta naɗa shi ya zama darakta na Babban Bankin Najeriya (CBN). Muƙamin da ya riƙe tsawon shekaru biyu. ==Barin Aiki da Shiga Siyasa== Alhaji Adamu Chiroma ɗan siyasa ne tun daga jamhuriya ta farko. A jamhuriyar farko ya yi jama’iyyar NPC, jamhuriya ta biyu kuma da shi aka kafa jama’iyyar NPN, sai kuma jamhuriya ta huɗu da aka kafa jama’iyyar PDP da shi. Alhaji Adamu Chiroma ya ce, “Ina cikin riƙe da wannan kujera, sai na samu saƙo daga jahata ta Barno cewa an zaɓe ni na wakilci Barno a wajen taron Tsarin Mulkin Ƙasa. Kuma a dokance bai halasta ba mutum yana Gwamnan Babban Banki ya riƙe wani muƙami, sabod haka sai na rubuta takardar barin aiki. Tun daga wannan lokaci na shiga siyasa”. Zamowarsa Minista Bayan da aka ci zaɓen da ya ɗora Alhaji Shehu Shagari a kan kujerar shugabancin Najeriya, sai shi Shagari ya kira Adamu Chiroma cewa wanne muƙami yake so a cikin gwamnati. Shi kuma sai ya amsa masa da cewa, shi tun farko umarni aka bashi kuma ya bi, saboda haka duk aikin da aka bashi ko na kwasar shara ne zai iya yi. Saboda haka, sai aka yi masa ministan masana’antu (Minister of industry). Bayan shekara biyu kuma aka mayar da shi ma’aikatar gona (Ministry for Agriculture). Bayan sake sabon zaɓe kuma sai aka yi masa Ministan kuɗi (Minister of Finance). Haka nan ma a zamanin mulkin soja na shugaba Abacha ya riƙe ministan aikin gona (Agriculture). Kafa Jama’iyyar PDP Bayan an sake mu, wata rana ina Kaduna sai Marigayi Rimi da Sule suka zo suka same ni a Kaduna. Suka ce yanzu an sake sabuwar siyasa, kuma mun zauna a kurkuku mun fahimci juna. Menene abin yi? Sai na ce mu yi siyasar haɗin kai. Daga nan sai Rimi ya kira su Jerry Gana, su Solomon Lar, da sauran yaran ‘Yar’aduwa. Muma sai muka kira abokan siyarmu. Sai muka ce da su to, ga siyasa, sannan kuma abubuwan da aka yi mana na cin mutunci har zuwa lokacin Abacha. Saboda haka mu, bamu yarda soja su dama da mu ba. Mu faɗa mu cewa mu bamu yarda a yi siyasar cutar jama’a ba. Saboda haka sai muka rubutawa Abacha cewa lallai bamu yarda ba sai ya sauka. <ref>https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-44736022</ref> Bayan faruwar waɗannan abubuwa sai muka kafa PDP. Da muka kafa jama’iyyar ta PDP sai muka ɗebo dukkan tunanin gyara ƙasa, haɗa kai, da kula da jama’a, muka yarada cewa: 1. [[Najeriya]] tana buƙatar mutane daga kowane gefe da kowane shahi su haɗa kai; 2. Mutane su girmama juna; 3. Su tabbata cewa sun yi abin da zai haɗa kan ƙasa, saboda an yi juye-juyen mulki duk bai haifar da ɗa mai ido ba. Sannan mun lura cewa lokacin da aka yi juyin mulkin Buhari, duk baki ɗayanmu aka tattara mu aka zuba a ƙiri-ƙiri ba tare da bambacin jamaiyya ba. Saboda haka a nan muka ɗauki darasi da kuma zama da juna. A nan muka fahimci junanmu a sannu, sannan muka zauna lafiya da juna. Kyaututtukan Girmamawa An ƙayatar da marigayi Alhaji Adamu Chiroma da lambar yabo ta ƙasa mai taken CFR, a zamanin shugaba Obasanjo. <ref>http://saharareporters.com/2018/07/05/breaking-adamu-ciroma-ex-cbn-governor-and-ex-finance-minister-dies-84</ref> ==Mutuwa== Alhaji Adamu Chiroma, “Ya rasu ne a ranar Alhamis da rana a Abuja, bayan ya sha fama da rashin lafiya. An yi jana'izar marigayi Malam Adamu Ciroma a masallacin Al Noor da ke Abuja. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 91f8a83p0bprh44vxwapfq4xfa3lfal 820839 820837 2026-04-13T15:04:27Z ~2026-22669-36 43948 /* Farkon rayuwa da Karatu */ 820839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adamu Chiroma''' (An haifeshi a shekara ta 1938). Ya kasance ɗan siyasa ne na kasar [[Najeriya]]. ==Farkon rayuwa da Karatu== (An haife shi a shekarar 1934) a garin Fika da ke cikin tsohuwar jahar Borno, yanzu kuma ta koma jahar Yobe. 1943 - 1947: Makarantar elimantare ta Fika daga baya kuma ya koma Potiskum. 1947 - 1949: Makarantar midil ta Borno da ke Maiduguri. 1950 – 1955: Kwalejin Barewa da ke Zariya. 1955 – 1958: Nigerian College of Art Zaria, wacce yanzu ta koma ABU. 1958 – 1961: Jami’ar Ibadan (Ibadan University) inda ya yi karantun digiri a fannin tarihi (Bachelor of History). ==Gogayyar Aiki== “A lokacin duk wanda ya je makaranta ana jiransa da aiki, saboda haka ina fitowa sai aka bani aiki a ofishin Sardauna, inda na yi aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu. Daga baya kuma aka yi min DO (District Officer) a Mambila da kuma Lardin Sardauna (Sardauna Province); wannan lardi ta haɗa da Mubi, Goza, Ganye, da kuma Mambila. Sai dai, Mubi ita ce Helikwatar wannan lardi; Ganye da Mubi su ne Lardin Sardauna, amma da can baya, a cikin Kamaru (Cameroon) suke, Marigayi Sir Ahmadu Bello Sardauna ne ya yi ƙoƙari suka dawo Najeriya, saboda haka ake kiransu da sunansa, wato Lardin Sardauna (Sardauna Province)”. Marigayi Alhaji Adamu Ciroma (2017). Sai kuma a cikin shekarar 1965 ya koma zuwa gwamnatin tarayya da aiki, inda aka tura shi hukumar kula da ma’aikata (civil service). Suna cikin wannan aiki sai aka yi juyin mulkin 1966. A wannan guri ya yi aiki da Federal Ministry of Mines and Power (Lokacin Marigayi Ɗanmasanin Kano ne Ministan Ma’aikatar). Yana cikin wannan aiki sai gwamnatin Arewa ta kafa Jarida mai suna New Nigerian Newspaper. Sai aka yi masa Editan farko na wannan kamfanin jarida. Bayan edita ya riƙe janaral manaja, sai kuma manajan darekta na wannan kamfani. “Kamar yadda aka sani, gwamnoni suna son a yi abu yadda suke so, ni kuma ina son yin abu bisa doka da ƙa’ida da bin gaskiya, saboda haka sai muka samu saɓani da gwamnonin Arewa a lokacin, abin da ya haifar da bari na aiki kenan a wannan kamfani na jarida”. Sai kuma daga baya ya koma kamfanin masaƙa na United Nigerian Textile. Ya yi aiki a wannan kamfani na tsawon shekara biyu. Sai kawai aka yi juyin mulki na Murtala. Haka nan kuma a lokacin da yake kamfanin New Nigerian Newspaper, ya riƙe muƙamin darakta a Babban Banki Najeriya har zuwa ƙarshen zamansa na textile. Sannan kuma bayan juyin mulkin sojojin na farko, an zaɓe shi a matsayin wakili mai wakiltar Borno, zaɓen da aka yi shi ba tare da saninsa ba, sai dai kawai an sanar da shi cewa ya je [[Lagos]] don wakiltar jaharsa ta Barno a wajen taron sake tsara Kundin Mulkin Najeriya wanda aka kammala shi a shekarar 1979. “Muna tsaka da wannan aiki na tsarin mulki, sai maganar siyasa ta shigo ciki, saboda mutane suna cewa idan aka yi wannan tsarin mulki su waye za su gudanar da shi? Saboda haka a wannan zama aka kafa jama’iyyun siyasa da suka haɗa daNPN, PRP, da sauransu”. Bayan an kafa waɗannan jama’iyyu sai aka yi zaɓen da ya ɗora Alhaji [[Shehu Shagari]] a kan mulki. Alhaji Adamu Chiroma yana daga cikin waɗanda aka zaɓa don su tsaya takarar shugabanci ƙasa daga Arewa. Sunan sa shi ne na uku a wajen babban taron NPN da aka yi a Lagos (Convention). Bayan da aka kai waɗannan sunaye [[Lagos]] sai wasu ‘yan arewa suka ce basu yarda ba suma sai an saka sunansu. Daga irin waɗannan mutane akwai [[Bukola Saraki]] da Iya Abubakar. Faruwar wannan sai aka ce to a sake zaɓe. Da aka sake zaɓe sai da aka sake saka sunayensu su uku da farko sannan kuma aka ƙara sunayen mutane uku. Bayan wannan kuma sai aka sake buga zaɓe. A karon farko sai aka sake watsar da waɗancan ukun aka sake fitar da ukun farko. Daga nan kuma sai aka shiga yarjejeniyar musamman tsakanin mutanen Barno da Kano. <ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/275190-buhari-obasanjo-atiku-dickson-others-mourn-as-adamu-ciroma-passes-on-at-83.html</ref> A wannan sulhu aka ce idan aka sake gudanar da wannan zaɓe na fitar da gwani kuma aka dace aka fitar da gwani guda ɗaya, akwai yiwuwar samun matsala, saboda haka sai shi Chiroma da Ɗanmasanin Kano suka janye wa Shagari. Saboda haka daga baya sai aka naɗa Adamu Chiroma ya zama sakataren jama’iyya, shi kuma Alhaji Shehu Shagari ya zama ɗantakara. Daga nan sai aka shiga hidimar kamfe, inda bayan an kaɗa zaɓe sai Shagari ya ci zaɓe. Gwamnan Babban Bankin Najeriya Bayan da ya bar aiki a New Nigerian Newspaper, gwamnati ta naɗa shi ya zama darakta na Babban Bankin Najeriya (CBN). Muƙamin da ya riƙe tsawon shekaru biyu. ==Barin Aiki da Shiga Siyasa== Alhaji Adamu Chiroma ɗan siyasa ne tun daga jamhuriya ta farko. A jamhuriyar farko ya yi jama’iyyar NPC, jamhuriya ta biyu kuma da shi aka kafa jama’iyyar NPN, sai kuma jamhuriya ta huɗu da aka kafa jama’iyyar PDP da shi. Alhaji Adamu Chiroma ya ce, “Ina cikin riƙe da wannan kujera, sai na samu saƙo daga jahata ta Barno cewa an zaɓe ni na wakilci Barno a wajen taron Tsarin Mulkin Ƙasa. Kuma a dokance bai halasta ba mutum yana Gwamnan Babban Banki ya riƙe wani muƙami, sabod haka sai na rubuta takardar barin aiki. Tun daga wannan lokaci na shiga siyasa”. Zamowarsa Minista Bayan da aka ci zaɓen da ya ɗora Alhaji Shehu Shagari a kan kujerar shugabancin Najeriya, sai shi Shagari ya kira Adamu Chiroma cewa wanne muƙami yake so a cikin gwamnati. Shi kuma sai ya amsa masa da cewa, shi tun farko umarni aka bashi kuma ya bi, saboda haka duk aikin da aka bashi ko na kwasar shara ne zai iya yi. Saboda haka, sai aka yi masa ministan masana’antu (Minister of industry). Bayan shekara biyu kuma aka mayar da shi ma’aikatar gona (Ministry for Agriculture). Bayan sake sabon zaɓe kuma sai aka yi masa Ministan kuɗi (Minister of Finance). Haka nan ma a zamanin mulkin soja na shugaba Abacha ya riƙe ministan aikin gona (Agriculture). Kafa Jama’iyyar PDP Bayan an sake mu, wata rana ina Kaduna sai Marigayi Rimi da Sule suka zo suka same ni a Kaduna. Suka ce yanzu an sake sabuwar siyasa, kuma mun zauna a kurkuku mun fahimci juna. Menene abin yi? Sai na ce mu yi siyasar haɗin kai. Daga nan sai Rimi ya kira su Jerry Gana, su Solomon Lar, da sauran yaran ‘Yar’aduwa. Muma sai muka kira abokan siyarmu. Sai muka ce da su to, ga siyasa, sannan kuma abubuwan da aka yi mana na cin mutunci har zuwa lokacin Abacha. Saboda haka mu, bamu yarda soja su dama da mu ba. Mu faɗa mu cewa mu bamu yarda a yi siyasar cutar jama’a ba. Saboda haka sai muka rubutawa Abacha cewa lallai bamu yarda ba sai ya sauka. <ref>https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-44736022</ref> Bayan faruwar waɗannan abubuwa sai muka kafa PDP. Da muka kafa jama’iyyar ta PDP sai muka ɗebo dukkan tunanin gyara ƙasa, haɗa kai, da kula da jama’a, muka yarada cewa: 1. [[Najeriya]] tana buƙatar mutane daga kowane gefe da kowane shahi su haɗa kai; 2. Mutane su girmama juna; 3. Su tabbata cewa sun yi abin da zai haɗa kan ƙasa, saboda an yi juye-juyen mulki duk bai haifar da ɗa mai ido ba. Sannan mun lura cewa lokacin da aka yi juyin mulkin Buhari, duk baki ɗayanmu aka tattara mu aka zuba a ƙiri-ƙiri ba tare da bambacin jamaiyya ba. Saboda haka a nan muka ɗauki darasi da kuma zama da juna. A nan muka fahimci junanmu a sannu, sannan muka zauna lafiya da juna. Kyaututtukan Girmamawa An ƙayatar da marigayi Alhaji Adamu Chiroma da lambar yabo ta ƙasa mai taken CFR, a zamanin shugaba Obasanjo. <ref>http://saharareporters.com/2018/07/05/breaking-adamu-ciroma-ex-cbn-governor-and-ex-finance-minister-dies-84</ref> ==Mutuwa== Alhaji Adamu Chiroma, “Ya rasu ne a ranar Alhamis da rana a Abuja, bayan ya sha fama da rashin lafiya. An yi jana'izar marigayi Malam Adamu Ciroma a masallacin Al Noor da ke Abuja. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} g1ys6hxx63222g3zfsk11ywky2rt17p 820840 820839 2026-04-13T15:06:13Z ~2026-22669-36 43948 /* Gogayyar Aiki */ 820840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adamu Chiroma''' (An haifeshi a shekara ta 1938). Ya kasance ɗan siyasa ne na kasar [[Najeriya]]. ==Farkon rayuwa da Karatu== (An haife shi a shekarar 1934) a garin Fika da ke cikin tsohuwar jahar Borno, yanzu kuma ta koma jahar Yobe. 1943 - 1947: Makarantar elimantare ta Fika daga baya kuma ya koma Potiskum. 1947 - 1949: Makarantar midil ta Borno da ke Maiduguri. 1950 – 1955: Kwalejin Barewa da ke Zariya. 1955 – 1958: Nigerian College of Art Zaria, wacce yanzu ta koma ABU. 1958 – 1961: Jami’ar Ibadan (Ibadan University) inda ya yi karantun digiri a fannin tarihi (Bachelor of History). ==Gogayyar Aiki== “A lokacin duk wanda ya je makaranta ana jiransa da aiki, saboda haka ina fitowa sai aka bani aiki a ofishin Sardauna, inda na yi aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu. Daga baya kuma aka yimun DO (District Officer) a Mambila da kuma Lardin Sardauna (Sardauna Province); wannan lardi ta haɗa da Mubi, Goza, Ganye, da kuma Mambila. Sai dai, Mubi ita ce Helikwatar wannan lardi; Ganye da Mubi su ne Lardin Sardauna, amma da can baya, a cikin Kamaru (Cameroon) suke, Marigayi Sir Ahmadu Bello Sardauna ne ya yi ƙoƙari suka dawo Najeriya, saboda haka ake kiransu da sunansa, wato Lardin Sardauna (Sardauna Province)”. Marigayi Alhaji Adamu Ciroma (2017). Sai kuma a cikin shekarar 1965 ya koma zuwa gwamnatin tarayya da aiki, inda aka tura shi hukumar kula da ma’aikata (civil service). Suna cikin wannan aiki sai aka yi juyin mulkin 1966. A wannan guri ya yi aiki da Federal Ministry of Mines and Power (Lokacin Marigayi Ɗanmasanin Kano ne Ministan Ma’aikatar). Yana cikin wannan aiki sai gwamnatin Arewa ta kafa Jarida mai suna New Nigerian Newspaper. Sai aka yi masa Editan farko na wannan kamfanin jarida. Bayan edita ya riƙe janaral manaja, sai kuma manajan darekta na wannan kamfani. “Kamar yadda aka sani, gwamnoni suna son a yi abu yadda suke so, ni kuma ina son yin abu bisa doka da ƙa’ida da bin gaskiya, saboda haka sai muka samu saɓani da gwamnonin Arewa a lokacin, abin da ya haifar da bari na aiki kenan a wannan kamfani na jarida”. Sai kuma daga baya ya koma kamfanin masaƙa na United Nigerian Textile. Ya yi aiki a wannan kamfani na tsawon shekara biyu. Sai kawai aka yi juyin mulki na Murtala. Haka nan kuma a lokacin da yake kamfanin New Nigerian Newspaper, ya riƙe muƙamin darakta a Babban Banki Najeriya har zuwa ƙarshen zamansa na textile. Sannan kuma bayan juyin mulkin sojojin na farko, an zaɓe shi a matsayin wakili mai wakiltar Borno, zaɓen da aka yi shi ba tare da saninsa ba, sai dai kawai an sanar da shi cewa ya je [[Lagos]] don wakiltar jaharsa ta Barno a wajen taron sake tsara Kundin Mulkin Najeriya wanda aka kammala shi a shekarar 1979. “Muna tsaka da wannan aiki na tsarin mulki, sai maganar siyasa ta shigo ciki, saboda mutane suna cewa idan aka yi wannan tsarin mulki su waye za su gudanar da shi? Saboda haka a wannan zama aka kafa jama’iyyun siyasa da suka haɗa daNPN, PRP, da sauransu”. Bayan an kafa waɗannan jama’iyyu sai aka yi zaɓen da ya ɗora Alhaji [[Shehu Shagari]] a kan mulki. Alhaji Adamu Chiroma yana daga cikin waɗanda aka zaɓa don su tsaya takarar shugabanci ƙasa daga Arewa. Sunan sa shi ne na uku a wajen babban taron NPN da aka yi a Lagos (Convention). Bayan da aka kai waɗannan sunaye [[Lagos]] sai wasu ‘yan arewa suka ce basu yarda ba suma sai an saka sunansu. Daga irin waɗannan mutane akwai [[Bukola Saraki]] da Iya Abubakar. Faruwar wannan sai aka ce to a sake zaɓe. Da aka sake zaɓe sai da aka sake saka sunayensu su uku da farko sannan kuma aka ƙara sunayen mutane uku. Bayan wannan kuma sai aka sake buga zaɓe. A karon farko sai aka sake watsar da waɗancan ukun aka sake fitar da ukun farko. Daga nan kuma sai aka shiga yarjejeniyar musamman tsakanin mutanen Barno da Kano. <ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/275190-buhari-obasanjo-atiku-dickson-others-mourn-as-adamu-ciroma-passes-on-at-83.html</ref> A wannan sulhu aka ce idan aka sake gudanar da wannan zaɓe na fitar da gwani kuma aka dace aka fitar da gwani guda ɗaya, akwai yiwuwar samun matsala, saboda haka sai shi Chiroma da Ɗanmasanin Kano suka janye wa Shagari. Saboda haka daga baya sai aka naɗa Adamu Chiroma ya zama sakataren jama’iyya, shi kuma Alhaji Shehu Shagari ya zama ɗantakara. Daga nan sai aka shiga hidimar kamfe, inda bayan an kaɗa zaɓe sai Shagari ya ci zaɓe. Gwamnan Babban Bankin Najeriya Bayan da ya bar aiki a New Nigerian Newspaper, gwamnati ta naɗa shi ya zama darakta na Babban Bankin Najeriya (CBN). Muƙamin da ya riƙe tsawon shekaru biyu. ==Barin Aiki da Shiga Siyasa== Alhaji Adamu Chiroma ɗan siyasa ne tun daga jamhuriya ta farko. A jamhuriyar farko ya yi jama’iyyar NPC, jamhuriya ta biyu kuma da shi aka kafa jama’iyyar NPN, sai kuma jamhuriya ta huɗu da aka kafa jama’iyyar PDP da shi. Alhaji Adamu Chiroma ya ce, “Ina cikin riƙe da wannan kujera, sai na samu saƙo daga jahata ta Barno cewa an zaɓe ni na wakilci Barno a wajen taron Tsarin Mulkin Ƙasa. Kuma a dokance bai halasta ba mutum yana Gwamnan Babban Banki ya riƙe wani muƙami, sabod haka sai na rubuta takardar barin aiki. Tun daga wannan lokaci na shiga siyasa”. Zamowarsa Minista Bayan da aka ci zaɓen da ya ɗora Alhaji Shehu Shagari a kan kujerar shugabancin Najeriya, sai shi Shagari ya kira Adamu Chiroma cewa wanne muƙami yake so a cikin gwamnati. Shi kuma sai ya amsa masa da cewa, shi tun farko umarni aka bashi kuma ya bi, saboda haka duk aikin da aka bashi ko na kwasar shara ne zai iya yi. Saboda haka, sai aka yi masa ministan masana’antu (Minister of industry). Bayan shekara biyu kuma aka mayar da shi ma’aikatar gona (Ministry for Agriculture). Bayan sake sabon zaɓe kuma sai aka yi masa Ministan kuɗi (Minister of Finance). Haka nan ma a zamanin mulkin soja na shugaba Abacha ya riƙe ministan aikin gona (Agriculture). Kafa Jama’iyyar PDP Bayan an sake mu, wata rana ina Kaduna sai Marigayi Rimi da Sule suka zo suka same ni a Kaduna. Suka ce yanzu an sake sabuwar siyasa, kuma mun zauna a kurkuku mun fahimci juna. Menene abin yi? Sai na ce mu yi siyasar haɗin kai. Daga nan sai Rimi ya kira su Jerry Gana, su Solomon Lar, da sauran yaran ‘Yar’aduwa. Muma sai muka kira abokan siyarmu. Sai muka ce da su to, ga siyasa, sannan kuma abubuwan da aka yi mana na cin mutunci har zuwa lokacin Abacha. Saboda haka mu, bamu yarda soja su dama da mu ba. Mu faɗa mu cewa mu bamu yarda a yi siyasar cutar jama’a ba. Saboda haka sai muka rubutawa Abacha cewa lallai bamu yarda ba sai ya sauka. <ref>https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-44736022</ref> Bayan faruwar waɗannan abubuwa sai muka kafa PDP. Da muka kafa jama’iyyar ta PDP sai muka ɗebo dukkan tunanin gyara ƙasa, haɗa kai, da kula da jama’a, muka yarada cewa: 1. [[Najeriya]] tana buƙatar mutane daga kowane gefe da kowane shahi su haɗa kai; 2. Mutane su girmama juna; 3. Su tabbata cewa sun yi abin da zai haɗa kan ƙasa, saboda an yi juye-juyen mulki duk bai haifar da ɗa mai ido ba. Sannan mun lura cewa lokacin da aka yi juyin mulkin Buhari, duk baki ɗayanmu aka tattara mu aka zuba a ƙiri-ƙiri ba tare da bambacin jamaiyya ba. Saboda haka a nan muka ɗauki darasi da kuma zama da juna. A nan muka fahimci junanmu a sannu, sannan muka zauna lafiya da juna. Kyaututtukan Girmamawa An ƙayatar da marigayi Alhaji Adamu Chiroma da lambar yabo ta ƙasa mai taken CFR, a zamanin shugaba Obasanjo. <ref>http://saharareporters.com/2018/07/05/breaking-adamu-ciroma-ex-cbn-governor-and-ex-finance-minister-dies-84</ref> ==Mutuwa== Alhaji Adamu Chiroma, “Ya rasu ne a ranar Alhamis da rana a Abuja, bayan ya sha fama da rashin lafiya. An yi jana'izar marigayi Malam Adamu Ciroma a masallacin Al Noor da ke Abuja. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} qr4gou6egu6cjn8j1idggfdr0vj6djw 820842 820840 2026-04-13T15:58:38Z Pharouqenr 25549 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-22669-36|~2026-22669-36]] ([[User talk:~2026-22669-36|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] 565179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adamu Chiroma''' (An haifeshi a shekara ta 1938). Ya kasance ɗan siyasa ne na kasar [[Najeriya]]. ==Farkon rayuwa da Karatu== (An haife shi a shekarar 1934) a garin Pika da ke cikin tsohuwar jahar Borno, yanzu kuma ya koma jahar Yobe. 1943 - 1947: Makarantar elimantare ta Pika daga baya kuma ya koma Potiskum. 1947 - 1949: Makarantar midil ta Borno da ke Maiduguri. 1950 – 1955: Kwalejin Barewa da ke Zariya. 1955 – 1958: Nigerian College of Art Zaria, wacce yanzu ta koma ABU. 1958 – 1961: Jami’ar Ibadan (Ibadan University) inda ya yi karantun digiri a fannin tarihi (Bachelor of History). ==Gogayyar Aiki== “A lokacin duk wanda ya je makaranta ana jiransa da aiki, saboda haka ina fitowa sai aka bani aiki a ofishin Sardauna, inda na yi aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu. Daga baya kuma aka yi min DO (District Officer) a Mambila da kuma Lardin Sardauna (Sardauna Province); wannan lardi ta haɗa da Mubi, Goza, Ganye, da kuma Mambila. Sai dai, Mubi ita ce Helikwatar wannan lardi; Ganye da Mubi su ne Lardin Sardauna, amma da can baya, a cikin Kamaru (Cameroon) suke, Marigayi Sir Ahmadu Bello Sardauna ne ya yi ƙoƙari suka dawo Najeriya, saboda haka ake kiransu da sunansa, wato Lardin Sardauna (Sardauna Province)”. Marigayi Alhaji Adamu Ciroma (2017). Sai kuma a cikin shekarar 1965 ya koma zuwa gwamnatin tarayya da aiki, inda aka tura shi hukumar kula da ma’aikata (civil service). Suna cikin wannan aiki sai aka yi juyin mulkin 1966. A wannan guri ya yi aiki da Federal Ministry of Mines and Power (Lokacin Marigayi Ɗanmasanin Kano ne Ministan Ma’aikatar). Yana cikin wannan aiki sai gwamnatin Arewa ta kafa Jarida mai suna New Nigerian Newspaper. Sai aka yi masa Editan farko na wannan kamfanin jarida. Bayan edita ya riƙe janaral manaja, sai kuma manajan darekta na wannan kamfani. “Kamar yadda aka sani, gwamnoni suna son a yi abu yadda suke so, ni kuma ina son yin abu bisa doka da ƙa’ida da bin gaskiya, saboda haka sai muka samu saɓani da gwamnonin Arewa a lokacin, abin da ya haifar da bari na aiki kenan a wannan kamfani na jarida”. Sai kuma daga baya ya koma kamfanin masaƙa na United Nigerian Textile. Ya yi aiki a wannan kamfani na tsawon shekara biyu. Sai kawai aka yi juyin mulki na Murtala. Haka nan kuma a lokacin da yake kamfanin New Nigerian Newspaper, ya riƙe muƙamin darakta a Babban Banki Najeriya har zuwa ƙarshen zamansa na textile. Sannan kuma bayan juyin mulkin sojojin na farko, an zaɓe shi a matsayin wakili mai wakiltar Borno, zaɓen da aka yi shi ba tare da saninsa ba, sai dai kawai an sanar da shi cewa ya je [[Lagos]] don wakiltar jaharsa ta Barno a wajen taron sake tsara Kundin Mulkin Najeriya wanda aka kammala shi a shekarar 1979. “Muna tsaka da wannan aiki na tsarin mulki, sai maganar siyasa ta shigo ciki, saboda mutane suna cewa idan aka yi wannan tsarin mulki su waye za su gudanar da shi? Saboda haka a wannan zama aka kafa jama’iyyun siyasa da suka haɗa daNPN, PRP, da sauransu”. Bayan an kafa waɗannan jama’iyyu sai aka yi zaɓen da ya ɗora Alhaji [[Shehu Shagari]] a kan mulki. Alhaji Adamu Chiroma yana daga cikin waɗanda aka zaɓa don su tsaya takarar shugabanci ƙasa daga Arewa. Sunan sa shi ne na uku a wajen babban taron NPN da aka yi a Lagos (Convention). Bayan da aka kai waɗannan sunaye [[Lagos]] sai wasu ‘yan arewa suka ce basu yarda ba suma sai an saka sunansu. Daga irin waɗannan mutane akwai [[Bukola Saraki]] da Iya Abubakar. Faruwar wannan sai aka ce to a sake zaɓe. Da aka sake zaɓe sai da aka sake saka sunayensu su uku da farko sannan kuma aka ƙara sunayen mutane uku. Bayan wannan kuma sai aka sake buga zaɓe. A karon farko sai aka sake watsar da waɗancan ukun aka sake fitar da ukun farko. Daga nan kuma sai aka shiga yarjejeniyar musamman tsakanin mutanen Barno da Kano. <ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/275190-buhari-obasanjo-atiku-dickson-others-mourn-as-adamu-ciroma-passes-on-at-83.html</ref> A wannan sulhu aka ce idan aka sake gudanar da wannan zaɓe na fitar da gwani kuma aka dace aka fitar da gwani guda ɗaya, akwai yiwuwar samun matsala, saboda haka sai shi Chiroma da Ɗanmasanin Kano suka janye wa Shagari. Saboda haka daga baya sai aka naɗa Adamu Chiroma ya zama sakataren jama’iyya, shi kuma Alhaji Shehu Shagari ya zama ɗantakara. Daga nan sai aka shiga hidimar kamfe, inda bayan an kaɗa zaɓe sai Shagari ya ci zaɓe. Gwamnan Babban Bankin Najeriya Bayan da ya bar aiki a New Nigerian Newspaper, gwamnati ta naɗa shi ya zama darakta na Babban Bankin Najeriya (CBN). Muƙamin da ya riƙe tsawon shekaru biyu. ==Barin Aiki da Shiga Siyasa== Alhaji Adamu Chiroma ɗan siyasa ne tun daga jamhuriya ta farko. A jamhuriyar farko ya yi jama’iyyar NPC, jamhuriya ta biyu kuma da shi aka kafa jama’iyyar NPN, sai kuma jamhuriya ta huɗu da aka kafa jama’iyyar PDP da shi. Alhaji Adamu Chiroma ya ce, “Ina cikin riƙe da wannan kujera, sai na samu saƙo daga jahata ta Barno cewa an zaɓe ni na wakilci Barno a wajen taron Tsarin Mulkin Ƙasa. Kuma a dokance bai halasta ba mutum yana Gwamnan Babban Banki ya riƙe wani muƙami, sabod haka sai na rubuta takardar barin aiki. Tun daga wannan lokaci na shiga siyasa”. Zamowarsa Minista Bayan da aka ci zaɓen da ya ɗora Alhaji Shehu Shagari a kan kujerar shugabancin Najeriya, sai shi Shagari ya kira Adamu Chiroma cewa wanne muƙami yake so a cikin gwamnati. Shi kuma sai ya amsa masa da cewa, shi tun farko umarni aka bashi kuma ya bi, saboda haka duk aikin da aka bashi ko na kwasar shara ne zai iya yi. Saboda haka, sai aka yi masa ministan masana’antu (Minister of industry). Bayan shekara biyu kuma aka mayar da shi ma’aikatar gona (Ministry for Agriculture). Bayan sake sabon zaɓe kuma sai aka yi masa Ministan kuɗi (Minister of Finance). Haka nan ma a zamanin mulkin soja na shugaba Abacha ya riƙe ministan aikin gona (Agriculture). Kafa Jama’iyyar PDP Bayan an sake mu, wata rana ina Kaduna sai Marigayi Rimi da Sule suka zo suka same ni a Kaduna. Suka ce yanzu an sake sabuwar siyasa, kuma mun zauna a kurkuku mun fahimci juna. Menene abin yi? Sai na ce mu yi siyasar haɗin kai. Daga nan sai Rimi ya kira su Jerry Gana, su Solomon Lar, da sauran yaran ‘Yar’aduwa. Muma sai muka kira abokan siyarmu. Sai muka ce da su to, ga siyasa, sannan kuma abubuwan da aka yi mana na cin mutunci har zuwa lokacin Abacha. Saboda haka mu, bamu yarda soja su dama da mu ba. Mu faɗa mu cewa mu bamu yarda a yi siyasar cutar jama’a ba. Saboda haka sai muka rubutawa Abacha cewa lallai bamu yarda ba sai ya sauka. <ref>https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-44736022</ref> Bayan faruwar waɗannan abubuwa sai muka kafa PDP. Da muka kafa jama’iyyar ta PDP sai muka ɗebo dukkan tunanin gyara ƙasa, haɗa kai, da kula da jama’a, muka yarada cewa: 1. [[Najeriya]] tana buƙatar mutane daga kowane gefe da kowane shahi su haɗa kai; 2. Mutane su girmama juna; 3. Su tabbata cewa sun yi abin da zai haɗa kan ƙasa, saboda an yi juye-juyen mulki duk bai haifar da ɗa mai ido ba. Sannan mun lura cewa lokacin da aka yi juyin mulkin Buhari, duk baki ɗayanmu aka tattara mu aka zuba a ƙiri-ƙiri ba tare da bambacin jamaiyya ba. Saboda haka a nan muka ɗauki darasi da kuma zama da juna. A nan muka fahimci junanmu a sannu, sannan muka zauna lafiya da juna. Kyaututtukan Girmamawa An ƙayatar da marigayi Alhaji Adamu Chiroma da lambar yabo ta ƙasa mai taken CFR, a zamanin shugaba Obasanjo. <ref>http://saharareporters.com/2018/07/05/breaking-adamu-ciroma-ex-cbn-governor-and-ex-finance-minister-dies-84</ref> ==Mutuwa== Alhaji Adamu Chiroma, “Ya rasu ne a ranar Alhamis da rana a Abuja, bayan ya sha fama da rashin lafiya. An yi jana'izar marigayi Malam Adamu Ciroma a masallacin Al Noor da ke Abuja. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 0g1p6mvyiyh8t8atl7f3rc5k1juhsr1 0 38483 821087 820661 2026-04-14T09:50:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 821087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:THE NORTH WESTERN STATE OF NIGERIA.pdf|thumb|Taswirar masarutar yammacin yankin]] Garin [[Gusau]] gari ne da aka kafa shi tun a shekara ta alif 1811 kimanin shekarar Dari biyu da bakwai (207) da suka gabata bayan tasowar garin daga ‘Yandoto a shekarar alif dari takwas da shida (1806). Garin Gusau yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan garuruwan tsohuwar Jihar Sakkwato kafin daga bisani ya zama babban birnin Jihar [[Zamfara]] a shekarar alif dara da cassa,in da shida 1996. Kamar yadda kundin tarihin kasa na alif Dari Tara da ashirin 1920 ya nuna, garin yana kan Titin Sakkwato zuwa Zariya ne kimanin kilomita 179, kilomita 210 tsakaninsa da [[Sakkwato]]. Daga Gabas garin Gusau ya yi iyaka da Jihar Katsina da ta Kwatarkwashi daga Arewa kuma ya yi iyaka da garin kaura a yayin da ya yi wata iyakar da garin Bunguɗu daga Yamma a bangaren Kudu kuma ya yi iyaka da dansadau da kuma Tsafe. ==Wanda ya kafa garin Gusau== Almajirin Shehu Usmanu Dan Fodiyo da Sheikh Abdul salami ne wato Malam Sambo dan Ashafa Kuma bahaushene ya kafa garin Gusau wanda yake shi da Jama’arsa ba ruwansu da duk harkokin da suka shafi bautar iskokai ko tsafi irin wanda Hausawa ke yi kafin zuwan addinin [[Musulunci]], garin Gusau ba shi da tarihin jahiliya hakan,ne ya sa duk al’adun Gusawa al’adu ne irin na musulunci kuma shigowar wasu mutane wato baki a Gusau bai gurbata kyawawan al’adunsu ba don kuwa mafi yawan bakin da ke tahowa malamai ne na Musulunci da Almajirai [[Fulani|Hausawa]] da wasunsu da kan taho garin don tsira da [[Addini]]nsu da mutuncinsu da kuma dukiyarsu saboda gudun ta addancin Dan fodio dayafara bayan yafara kwadayin samun iko na mulki.A ɓangaren fada kuma duk umurnin da zai fito daga can zai kasance na dabara da abin da musulunci ya yarda da shi ne na kyawawan ɗabi’u da al’adu saboda duk kusan sarakunan da aka yi a garin Gusau Hausawane malamai ne na addinin musulunci. ==Masarautar Gusau== Masarautar Gusau, kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna ta kafu ne a shekara ta alif dari takwas da shida (1806) a hannun Malam [[Muhammadu dan Ashafa]], a wannan shekarar ne a birnin Gada Malam [[Muhammadu Bello]] dan [[Shehu Usmanu]], ya tsaga kasar [[Katsina]] biyu Gabas da Yamma gari saba’in saba’in tsakanin shi Malam Sambo din da kuma Malam [[Umarun Dallaje]], tun daga wannan lokaci ne kuma garin Gusau da masarautarsa suke ci gaba da bunkasa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Kafin rasuwar Malam Sambo an yi wani lokaci da hedkwatar wannan masarauta ta koma garin Wonaka sakamakon rashin cikakken tsaro kuma a dalilin namun daji masu hadari, Sai bayan rasuwar Malam Sambo dansa Sarkin Katsina Malam Abdulkadir ya dawo da wannan hedkwatar a mazauninta na farko wato Gusau, a dai dai wannan lokaci ne kuma aka nada Sarkin Musulmi Atiku dan Shehu a lokacin da Malam Abdulkadir ya tafi mubaya’a sai ya labarta wa Amirul muminina wannan ci gaba da aka samu, shi kuma Sarkin Musulmi a nasa bangaren bai yi wata wata ba sai ya umurci Sarkin Zamfara Jibrin da Sarkin kaura Namoda da cewa su sa hannu a kewaye garin Gusau da ganuwa wanda a sakamakon wannan aiki ne garin a matsayinsa na hedkwatar masarautar ta sami kokofi guda tara (9) da suka hada da: kofar Kwatarkwashi, da kofar Katsaura da kofar Rawayya da kofar Jange da kofar Dogo da kofar Mani da kofar Tubani da kofar Koje da kuma kofar matsattsa. ==Tsarin Mulkin masarautar Gusau== A takaice dai garin Gusau yana da masarauta daya mai babban sarki, akwai kuma iyayen kasa goma sha hudu, ‘yan majalisar sarki goma sha takwas, sarautun fada kuma akwai kimanin dari da hudu, Garin yana da masallatan juma’a ashirin da uku yana da kananan makarantun boko guda sittin da hudu matsakaita guda arba’in da uku sannan akwai manyan makarantu guda hudu. Garin Gusau gari ne da yake da manyan kasuwanni guda uku yana kuma da kamfanoni na ‘yan kasuwa guda ashirin da bakwai akwai manyan malaman addinin Musulunci tsakanin rayayyu da wadanda suka rasu kimanin sittin da biyar. Daga lokacin da aka kafa garin Gusau bayan malam Sambo dan Ashafa a 1806- zuwa 1827 an yi sarakuna daga cikin zuri’arsa irin su. == Masarautar Gusau a alif Dari takwas da ashirin da bakwai (1827-1917)== *Malam Abdulkadir daga shekarar (1827-1867) *Malam [[Muhammadu Modibbo]] (1867 -1876) *Malam [[Muhammad Tuburi]] (1876-1887) *Malam [[Muhammadu Giɗe]] (1887-1900) *Malam [[Muhammadu Murtala]] (1900-1916) *Malam [[Muhammadu dangida]] (1916-1917). Daga wannan shekarar anyi wasu Sarakuna da ba a fadi sunayensu ba daga 1917-1984 sannan sai *Alhaji [[Muhammadu Kabir danbaba]] (1984 -2015) *Alhaji [[Ibrahim Bello]] (2015 har zuwa yanzu). ==Yiwa masarautar gyaran fuska=== A shekara ta dubu biyu da uku 2003 da aka zabi Alhaji [[Ahmad Sani Yeriman Bakura]] gwamnan Jihar Zamfara shi ma ya kara sake fasalin majalisar, masarautar ta Gusau inda ta koma kamar haka. Daga karshe iyayen kasa kuma da suke karkashin wannan masarauta ta Gusau da ake kira Katsinan Gusau, sun hada da Galadima da Mayana da Madawaki da Magajin Sabon Gari da Baraden Tudun Wada da Sarkin Kudun Damba da Ubandoman wanke da Farimanan Magani da Sarkin Yakin Rijiya da Magajin Mada da Kogon Wonaka ta Yamma da Magajin Ruwan Baure. ==Manazarta== <ref>https://punchng.com/banditry-months-after-no-fly-order-fg-shuts-down-telecom-sites-in-zamfara/</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwannah |first=Ifeanyi |date=2022-08-06 |title=Zamfara govt commends House of Assembly for passing Social Protection Bill into law |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/08/06/zamfara-govt-commends-house-of-assembly-for-passing-social-protection-bill-into-law/ |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> n2lko08qdpyc839wlpuziqrfhnnkt14 821088 821087 2026-04-14T09:50:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 821088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:THE NORTH WESTERN STATE OF NIGERIA.pdf|thumb|Taswirar masarutar yammacin yankin]] Garin [[Gusau]] gari ne da aka kafa shi tun a shekara ta alif (1811) kimanin shekarar Dari biyu da bakwai (207) da suka gabata bayan tasowar garin daga ‘Yandoto a shekarar alif dari takwas da shida (1806). Garin Gusau yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan garuruwan tsohuwar Jihar Sakkwato kafin daga bisani ya zama babban birnin Jihar [[Zamfara]] a shekarar alif dara da cassa,in da shida 1996. Kamar yadda kundin tarihin kasa na alif Dari Tara da ashirin 1920 ya nuna, garin yana kan Titin Sakkwato zuwa Zariya ne kimanin kilomita 179, kilomita 210 tsakaninsa da [[Sakkwato]]. Daga Gabas garin Gusau ya yi iyaka da Jihar Katsina da ta Kwatarkwashi daga Arewa kuma ya yi iyaka da garin kaura a yayin da ya yi wata iyakar da garin Bunguɗu daga Yamma a bangaren Kudu kuma ya yi iyaka da dansadau da kuma Tsafe. ==Wanda ya kafa garin Gusau== Almajirin Shehu Usmanu Dan Fodiyo da Sheikh Abdul salami ne wato Malam Sambo dan Ashafa Kuma bahaushene ya kafa garin Gusau wanda yake shi da Jama’arsa ba ruwansu da duk harkokin da suka shafi bautar iskokai ko tsafi irin wanda Hausawa ke yi kafin zuwan addinin [[Musulunci]], garin Gusau ba shi da tarihin jahiliya hakan,ne ya sa duk al’adun Gusawa al’adu ne irin na musulunci kuma shigowar wasu mutane wato baki a Gusau bai gurbata kyawawan al’adunsu ba don kuwa mafi yawan bakin da ke tahowa malamai ne na Musulunci da Almajirai [[Fulani|Hausawa]] da wasunsu da kan taho garin don tsira da [[Addini]]nsu da mutuncinsu da kuma dukiyarsu saboda gudun ta addancin Dan fodio dayafara bayan yafara kwadayin samun iko na mulki.A ɓangaren fada kuma duk umurnin da zai fito daga can zai kasance na dabara da abin da musulunci ya yarda da shi ne na kyawawan ɗabi’u da al’adu saboda duk kusan sarakunan da aka yi a garin Gusau Hausawane malamai ne na addinin musulunci. ==Masarautar Gusau== Masarautar Gusau, kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna ta kafu ne a shekara ta alif dari takwas da shida (1806) a hannun Malam [[Muhammadu dan Ashafa]], a wannan shekarar ne a birnin Gada Malam [[Muhammadu Bello]] dan [[Shehu Usmanu]], ya tsaga kasar [[Katsina]] biyu Gabas da Yamma gari saba’in saba’in tsakanin shi Malam Sambo din da kuma Malam [[Umarun Dallaje]], tun daga wannan lokaci ne kuma garin Gusau da masarautarsa suke ci gaba da bunkasa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Kafin rasuwar Malam Sambo an yi wani lokaci da hedkwatar wannan masarauta ta koma garin Wonaka sakamakon rashin cikakken tsaro kuma a dalilin namun daji masu hadari, Sai bayan rasuwar Malam Sambo dansa Sarkin Katsina Malam Abdulkadir ya dawo da wannan hedkwatar a mazauninta na farko wato Gusau, a dai dai wannan lokaci ne kuma aka nada Sarkin Musulmi Atiku dan Shehu a lokacin da Malam Abdulkadir ya tafi mubaya’a sai ya labarta wa Amirul muminina wannan ci gaba da aka samu, shi kuma Sarkin Musulmi a nasa bangaren bai yi wata wata ba sai ya umurci Sarkin Zamfara Jibrin da Sarkin kaura Namoda da cewa su sa hannu a kewaye garin Gusau da ganuwa wanda a sakamakon wannan aiki ne garin a matsayinsa na hedkwatar masarautar ta sami kokofi guda tara (9) da suka hada da: kofar Kwatarkwashi, da kofar Katsaura da kofar Rawayya da kofar Jange da kofar Dogo da kofar Mani da kofar Tubani da kofar Koje da kuma kofar matsattsa. ==Tsarin Mulkin masarautar Gusau== A takaice dai garin Gusau yana da masarauta daya mai babban sarki, akwai kuma iyayen kasa goma sha hudu, ‘yan majalisar sarki goma sha takwas, sarautun fada kuma akwai kimanin dari da hudu, Garin yana da masallatan juma’a ashirin da uku yana da kananan makarantun boko guda sittin da hudu matsakaita guda arba’in da uku sannan akwai manyan makarantu guda hudu. Garin Gusau gari ne da yake da manyan kasuwanni guda uku yana kuma da kamfanoni na ‘yan kasuwa guda ashirin da bakwai akwai manyan malaman addinin Musulunci tsakanin rayayyu da wadanda suka rasu kimanin sittin da biyar. Daga lokacin da aka kafa garin Gusau bayan malam Sambo dan Ashafa a 1806- zuwa 1827 an yi sarakuna daga cikin zuri’arsa irin su. == Masarautar Gusau a alif Dari takwas da ashirin da bakwai (1827-1917)== *Malam Abdulkadir daga shekarar (1827-1867) *Malam [[Muhammadu Modibbo]] (1867 -1876) *Malam [[Muhammad Tuburi]] (1876-1887) *Malam [[Muhammadu Giɗe]] (1887-1900) *Malam [[Muhammadu Murtala]] (1900-1916) *Malam [[Muhammadu dangida]] (1916-1917). Daga wannan shekarar anyi wasu Sarakuna da ba a fadi sunayensu ba daga 1917-1984 sannan sai *Alhaji [[Muhammadu Kabir danbaba]] (1984 -2015) *Alhaji [[Ibrahim Bello]] (2015 har zuwa yanzu). ==Yiwa masarautar gyaran fuska=== A shekara ta dubu biyu da uku 2003 da aka zabi Alhaji [[Ahmad Sani Yeriman Bakura]] gwamnan Jihar Zamfara shi ma ya kara sake fasalin majalisar, masarautar ta Gusau inda ta koma kamar haka. Daga karshe iyayen kasa kuma da suke karkashin wannan masarauta ta Gusau da ake kira Katsinan Gusau, sun hada da Galadima da Mayana da Madawaki da Magajin Sabon Gari da Baraden Tudun Wada da Sarkin Kudun Damba da Ubandoman wanke da Farimanan Magani da Sarkin Yakin Rijiya da Magajin Mada da Kogon Wonaka ta Yamma da Magajin Ruwan Baure. ==Manazarta== <ref>https://punchng.com/banditry-months-after-no-fly-order-fg-shuts-down-telecom-sites-in-zamfara/</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwannah |first=Ifeanyi |date=2022-08-06 |title=Zamfara govt commends House of Assembly for passing Social Protection Bill into law |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/08/06/zamfara-govt-commends-house-of-assembly-for-passing-social-protection-bill-into-law/ |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> a8syvdvhrjcpf622mn7edtqjidfavp1 821089 821088 2026-04-14T09:50:42Z Pharouqenr 25549 821089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:THE NORTH WESTERN STATE OF NIGERIA.pdf|thumb|Taswirar masarutar yammacin yankin]] Garin [[Gusau]] gari ne da aka kafa shi tun a shekara ta alif (1811) kimanin (207) da suka gabata bayan tasowar garin daga ‘Yandoto a shekarar alif dari takwas da shida (1806). Garin Gusau yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan garuruwan tsohuwar Jihar Sakkwato kafin daga bisani ya zama babban birnin Jihar [[Zamfara]] a shekarar alif dara da cassa,in da shida 1996. Kamar yadda kundin tarihin kasa na alif Dari Tara da ashirin 1920 ya nuna, garin yana kan Titin Sakkwato zuwa Zariya ne kimanin kilomita 179, kilomita 210 tsakaninsa da [[Sakkwato]]. Daga Gabas garin Gusau ya yi iyaka da Jihar Katsina da ta Kwatarkwashi daga Arewa kuma ya yi iyaka da garin kaura a yayin da ya yi wata iyakar da garin Bunguɗu daga Yamma a bangaren Kudu kuma ya yi iyaka da dansadau da kuma Tsafe. ==Wanda ya kafa garin Gusau== Almajirin Shehu Usmanu Dan Fodiyo da Sheikh Abdul salami ne wato Malam Sambo dan Ashafa Kuma bahaushene ya kafa garin Gusau wanda yake shi da Jama’arsa ba ruwansu da duk harkokin da suka shafi bautar iskokai ko tsafi irin wanda Hausawa ke yi kafin zuwan addinin [[Musulunci]], garin Gusau ba shi da tarihin jahiliya hakan,ne ya sa duk al’adun Gusawa al’adu ne irin na musulunci kuma shigowar wasu mutane wato baki a Gusau bai gurbata kyawawan al’adunsu ba don kuwa mafi yawan bakin da ke tahowa malamai ne na Musulunci da Almajirai [[Fulani|Hausawa]] da wasunsu da kan taho garin don tsira da [[Addini]]nsu da mutuncinsu da kuma dukiyarsu saboda gudun ta addancin Dan fodio dayafara bayan yafara kwadayin samun iko na mulki.A ɓangaren fada kuma duk umurnin da zai fito daga can zai kasance na dabara da abin da musulunci ya yarda da shi ne na kyawawan ɗabi’u da al’adu saboda duk kusan sarakunan da aka yi a garin Gusau Hausawane malamai ne na addinin musulunci. ==Masarautar Gusau== Masarautar Gusau, kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna ta kafu ne a shekara ta alif dari takwas da shida (1806) a hannun Malam [[Muhammadu dan Ashafa]], a wannan shekarar ne a birnin Gada Malam [[Muhammadu Bello]] dan [[Shehu Usmanu]], ya tsaga kasar [[Katsina]] biyu Gabas da Yamma gari saba’in saba’in tsakanin shi Malam Sambo din da kuma Malam [[Umarun Dallaje]], tun daga wannan lokaci ne kuma garin Gusau da masarautarsa suke ci gaba da bunkasa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Kafin rasuwar Malam Sambo an yi wani lokaci da hedkwatar wannan masarauta ta koma garin Wonaka sakamakon rashin cikakken tsaro kuma a dalilin namun daji masu hadari, Sai bayan rasuwar Malam Sambo dansa Sarkin Katsina Malam Abdulkadir ya dawo da wannan hedkwatar a mazauninta na farko wato Gusau, a dai dai wannan lokaci ne kuma aka nada Sarkin Musulmi Atiku dan Shehu a lokacin da Malam Abdulkadir ya tafi mubaya’a sai ya labarta wa Amirul muminina wannan ci gaba da aka samu, shi kuma Sarkin Musulmi a nasa bangaren bai yi wata wata ba sai ya umurci Sarkin Zamfara Jibrin da Sarkin kaura Namoda da cewa su sa hannu a kewaye garin Gusau da ganuwa wanda a sakamakon wannan aiki ne garin a matsayinsa na hedkwatar masarautar ta sami kokofi guda tara (9) da suka hada da: kofar Kwatarkwashi, da kofar Katsaura da kofar Rawayya da kofar Jange da kofar Dogo da kofar Mani da kofar Tubani da kofar Koje da kuma kofar matsattsa. ==Tsarin Mulkin masarautar Gusau== A takaice dai garin Gusau yana da masarauta daya mai babban sarki, akwai kuma iyayen kasa goma sha hudu, ‘yan majalisar sarki goma sha takwas, sarautun fada kuma akwai kimanin dari da hudu, Garin yana da masallatan juma’a ashirin da uku yana da kananan makarantun boko guda sittin da hudu matsakaita guda arba’in da uku sannan akwai manyan makarantu guda hudu. Garin Gusau gari ne da yake da manyan kasuwanni guda uku yana kuma da kamfanoni na ‘yan kasuwa guda ashirin da bakwai akwai manyan malaman addinin Musulunci tsakanin rayayyu da wadanda suka rasu kimanin sittin da biyar. Daga lokacin da aka kafa garin Gusau bayan malam Sambo dan Ashafa a 1806- zuwa 1827 an yi sarakuna daga cikin zuri’arsa irin su. == Masarautar Gusau a alif Dari takwas da ashirin da bakwai (1827-1917)== *Malam Abdulkadir daga shekarar (1827-1867) *Malam [[Muhammadu Modibbo]] (1867 -1876) *Malam [[Muhammad Tuburi]] (1876-1887) *Malam [[Muhammadu Giɗe]] (1887-1900) *Malam [[Muhammadu Murtala]] (1900-1916) *Malam [[Muhammadu dangida]] (1916-1917). Daga wannan shekarar anyi wasu Sarakuna da ba a fadi sunayensu ba daga 1917-1984 sannan sai *Alhaji [[Muhammadu Kabir danbaba]] (1984 -2015) *Alhaji [[Ibrahim Bello]] (2015 har zuwa yanzu). ==Yiwa masarautar gyaran fuska=== A shekara ta dubu biyu da uku 2003 da aka zabi Alhaji [[Ahmad Sani Yeriman Bakura]] gwamnan Jihar Zamfara shi ma ya kara sake fasalin majalisar, masarautar ta Gusau inda ta koma kamar haka. Daga karshe iyayen kasa kuma da suke karkashin wannan masarauta ta Gusau da ake kira Katsinan Gusau, sun hada da Galadima da Mayana da Madawaki da Magajin Sabon Gari da Baraden Tudun Wada da Sarkin Kudun Damba da Ubandoman wanke da Farimanan Magani da Sarkin Yakin Rijiya da Magajin Mada da Kogon Wonaka ta Yamma da Magajin Ruwan Baure. ==Manazarta== <ref>https://punchng.com/banditry-months-after-no-fly-order-fg-shuts-down-telecom-sites-in-zamfara/</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwannah |first=Ifeanyi |date=2022-08-06 |title=Zamfara govt commends House of Assembly for passing Social Protection Bill into law |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/08/06/zamfara-govt-commends-house-of-assembly-for-passing-social-protection-bill-into-law/ |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> tv73tj4zqvhhaqprq0crgnm494yr1r1 821090 821089 2026-04-14T09:51:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 821090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:THE NORTH WESTERN STATE OF NIGERIA.pdf|thumb|Taswirar masarutar yammacin yankin]] Garin [[Gusau]] gari ne da aka kafa shi tun a shekara ta alif (1811) kimanin (207) da suka gabata bayan tasowar garin daga ‘Yandoto a shekarar alif dari takwas da shida (1806). Garin Gusau yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan garuruwan tsohuwar Jihar Sakkwato kafin daga bisani ya zama babban birnin Jihar [[Zamfara]] a shekarar alif dara da cassa,in da shida 1996. Kamar yadda kundin tarihin kasa na alif Dari Tara da ashirin 1920 ya nuna, garin yana kan Titin Sakkwato zuwa Zariya ne kimanin kilomita 179, kilomita 210 tsakaninsa da [[Sakkwato]]. Daga Gabas garin Gusau ya yi iyaka da Jihar Katsina da ta Kwatarkwashi daga Arewa kuma ya yi iyaka da garin kaura a yayin da ya yi wata iyakar da garin Bunguɗu daga Yamma a bangaren Kudu kuma ya yi iyaka da dansadau da kuma Tsafe. ==Wanda ya kafa garin Gusau== Almajirin Shehu [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usmanu Dan Fodiyo]] da Sheikh Abdul salami ne wato Malam Sambo dan Ashafa Kuma bahaushene ya kafa garin Gusau wanda yake shi da Jama’arsa ba ruwansu da duk harkokin da suka shafi bautar iskokai ko tsafi irin wanda Hausawa ke yi kafin zuwan addinin [[Musulunci]], garin Gusau ba shi da tarihin jahiliya hakan,ne ya sa duk al’adun Gusawa al’adu ne irin na musulunci kuma shigowar wasu mutane wato baki a Gusau bai gurbata kyawawan al’adunsu ba don kuwa mafi yawan bakin da ke tahowa malamai ne na Musulunci da Almajirai [[Fulani|Hausawa]] da wasunsu da kan taho garin don tsira da [[Addini]]nsu da mutuncinsu da kuma dukiyarsu saboda gudun ta addancin Dan fodio dayafara bayan yafara kwadayin samun iko na mulki.A ɓangaren fada kuma duk umurnin da zai fito daga can zai kasance na dabara da abin da musulunci ya yarda da shi ne na kyawawan ɗabi’u da al’adu saboda duk kusan sarakunan da aka yi a garin Gusau Hausawane malamai ne na addinin musulunci. ==Masarautar Gusau== Masarautar Gusau, kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna ta kafu ne a shekara ta alif dari takwas da shida (1806) a hannun Malam [[Muhammadu dan Ashafa]], a wannan shekarar ne a birnin Gada Malam [[Muhammadu Bello]] dan [[Shehu Usmanu]], ya tsaga kasar [[Katsina]] biyu Gabas da Yamma gari saba’in saba’in tsakanin shi Malam Sambo din da kuma Malam [[Umarun Dallaje]], tun daga wannan lokaci ne kuma garin Gusau da masarautarsa suke ci gaba da bunkasa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Kafin rasuwar Malam Sambo an yi wani lokaci da hedkwatar wannan masarauta ta koma garin Wonaka sakamakon rashin cikakken tsaro kuma a dalilin namun daji masu hadari, Sai bayan rasuwar Malam Sambo dansa Sarkin Katsina Malam Abdulkadir ya dawo da wannan hedkwatar a mazauninta na farko wato Gusau, a dai dai wannan lokaci ne kuma aka nada Sarkin Musulmi Atiku dan Shehu a lokacin da Malam Abdulkadir ya tafi mubaya’a sai ya labarta wa Amirul muminina wannan ci gaba da aka samu, shi kuma Sarkin Musulmi a nasa bangaren bai yi wata wata ba sai ya umurci Sarkin Zamfara Jibrin da Sarkin kaura Namoda da cewa su sa hannu a kewaye garin Gusau da ganuwa wanda a sakamakon wannan aiki ne garin a matsayinsa na hedkwatar masarautar ta sami kokofi guda tara (9) da suka hada da: kofar Kwatarkwashi, da kofar Katsaura da kofar Rawayya da kofar Jange da kofar Dogo da kofar Mani da kofar Tubani da kofar Koje da kuma kofar matsattsa. ==Tsarin Mulkin masarautar Gusau== A takaice dai garin Gusau yana da masarauta daya mai babban sarki, akwai kuma iyayen kasa goma sha hudu, ‘yan majalisar sarki goma sha takwas, sarautun fada kuma akwai kimanin dari da hudu, Garin yana da masallatan juma’a ashirin da uku yana da kananan makarantun boko guda sittin da hudu matsakaita guda arba’in da uku sannan akwai manyan makarantu guda hudu. Garin Gusau gari ne da yake da manyan kasuwanni guda uku yana kuma da kamfanoni na ‘yan kasuwa guda ashirin da bakwai akwai manyan malaman addinin Musulunci tsakanin rayayyu da wadanda suka rasu kimanin sittin da biyar. Daga lokacin da aka kafa garin Gusau bayan malam Sambo dan Ashafa a 1806- zuwa 1827 an yi sarakuna daga cikin zuri’arsa irin su. == Masarautar Gusau a alif Dari takwas da ashirin da bakwai (1827-1917)== *Malam Abdulkadir daga shekarar (1827-1867) *Malam [[Muhammadu Modibbo]] (1867 -1876) *Malam [[Muhammad Tuburi]] (1876-1887) *Malam [[Muhammadu Giɗe]] (1887-1900) *Malam [[Muhammadu Murtala]] (1900-1916) *Malam [[Muhammadu dangida]] (1916-1917). Daga wannan shekarar anyi wasu Sarakuna da ba a fadi sunayensu ba daga 1917-1984 sannan sai *Alhaji [[Muhammadu Kabir danbaba]] (1984 -2015) *Alhaji [[Ibrahim Bello]] (2015 har zuwa yanzu). ==Yiwa masarautar gyaran fuska=== A shekara ta dubu biyu da uku 2003 da aka zabi Alhaji [[Ahmad Sani Yeriman Bakura]] gwamnan Jihar Zamfara shi ma ya kara sake fasalin majalisar, masarautar ta Gusau inda ta koma kamar haka. Daga karshe iyayen kasa kuma da suke karkashin wannan masarauta ta Gusau da ake kira Katsinan Gusau, sun hada da Galadima da Mayana da Madawaki da Magajin Sabon Gari da Baraden Tudun Wada da Sarkin Kudun Damba da Ubandoman wanke da Farimanan Magani da Sarkin Yakin Rijiya da Magajin Mada da Kogon Wonaka ta Yamma da Magajin Ruwan Baure. ==Manazarta== <ref>https://punchng.com/banditry-months-after-no-fly-order-fg-shuts-down-telecom-sites-in-zamfara/</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwannah |first=Ifeanyi |date=2022-08-06 |title=Zamfara govt commends House of Assembly for passing Social Protection Bill into law |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/08/06/zamfara-govt-commends-house-of-assembly-for-passing-social-protection-bill-into-law/ |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> g3inh4apa9worbphcun5j7i04zlwzyl 821091 821090 2026-04-14T09:51:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 821091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:THE NORTH WESTERN STATE OF NIGERIA.pdf|thumb|Taswirar masarutar yammacin yankin]] Garin [[Gusau]] gari ne da aka kafa shi tun a shekara ta alif (1811) kimanin (207) da suka gabata bayan tasowar garin daga ‘Yandoto a shekarar alif dari takwas da shida (1806). Garin Gusau yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan garuruwan tsohuwar Jihar Sakkwato kafin daga bisani ya zama babban birnin Jihar [[Zamfara]] a shekarar alif dara da cassa,in da shida 1996. Kamar yadda kundin tarihin kasa na alif Dari Tara da ashirin 1920 ya nuna, garin yana kan Titin Sakkwato zuwa Zariya ne kimanin kilomita 179, kilomita 210 tsakaninsa da [[Sakkwato]]. Daga Gabas garin Gusau ya yi iyaka da Jihar Katsina da ta Kwatarkwashi daga Arewa kuma ya yi iyaka da garin kaura a yayin da ya yi wata iyakar da garin Bunguɗu daga Yamma a bangaren Kudu kuma ya yi iyaka da dansadau da kuma Tsafe. ==Wanda ya kafa garin Gusau== Almajirin Shehu [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usmanu Dan Fodiyo]] da Sheikh Abdul salami ne wato Malam Sambo dan Ashafa Kuma bahaushene ya kafa garin Gusau wanda yake shi da Jama’arsa ba ruwansu da duk harkokin da suka shafi bautar iskokai ko tsafi irin wanda Hausawa ke yi kafin zuwan addinin [[Musulunci]], garin Gusau ba shi da tarihin jahiliya hakan,ne ya sa duk al’adun Gusawa al’adu ne irin na musulunci kuma shigowar wasu mutane wato baki a Gusau bai gurbata kyawawan al’adunsu ba don kuwa mafi yawan bakin da ke tahowa malamai ne na Musulunci da Almajirai [[Fulani|Hausawa]] da wasunsu da kan taho garin don tsira da [[Addini]]nsu da mutuncinsu da kuma dukiyarsu saboda gudun ta addancin Dan fodio dayafara bayan yafara kwadayin samun iko na mulki.A ɓangaren fada kuma duk umurnin da zai fito daga can zai kasance na dabara da abin da musulunci ya yarda da shi ne na kyawawan ɗabi’u da al’adu saboda duk kusan sarakunan da aka yi a garin Gusau Hausawane malamai ne na addinin musulunci. ==Masarautar Gusau== Masarautar Gusau, kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna ta kafu ne a shekara ta alif dari takwas da shida (1806) a hannun Malam [[Muhammadu dan Ashafa]], a wannan shekarar ne a birnin Gada Malam [[Muhammadu Bello]] dan [[Shehu Usmanu]], ya tsaga kasar [[Katsina]] biyu Gabas da Yamma gari saba’in saba’in tsakanin shi Malam Sambo din da kuma Malam [[Umarun Dallaje]], tun daga wannan lokaci ne kuma garin Gusau da masarautarsa suke ci gaba da bunkasa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Kafin rasuwar Malam Sambo an yi wani lokaci da hedkwatar wannan masarauta ta koma garin Wonaka sakamakon rashin cikakken tsaro kuma a dalilin namun daji masu hadari, Sai bayan rasuwar Malam Sambo dansa Sarkin Katsina Malam Abdulkadir ya dawo da wannan hedkwatar a mazauninta na farko wato Gusau, a dai dai wannan lokaci ne kuma aka nada Sarkin Musulmi Atiku dan Shehu a lokacin da Malam Abdulkadir ya tafi mubaya’a sai ya labarta wa Amirul muminina wannan ci gaba da aka samu, shi kuma Sarkin Musulmi a nasa bangaren bai yi wata wata ba sai ya umurci Sarkin Zamfara Jibrin da Sarkin kaura Namoda da cewa su sa hannu a kewaye garin Gusau da ganuwa wanda a sakamakon wannan aiki ne garin a matsayinsa na hedkwatar masarautar ta sami kokofi guda tara (9) da suka hada da: kofar Kwatarkwashi, da kofar Katsaura da kofar Rawayya da kofar Jange da kofar Dogo da kofar Mani da kofar Tubani da kofar Koje da kuma kofar matsattsa. ==Tsarin Mulkin masarautar Gusau== A takaice dai garin Gusau yana da masarauta daya mai babban sarki, akwai kuma iyayen kasa goma sha hudu, ‘yan majalisar sarki goma sha takwas, sarautun fada kuma akwai kimanin dari da hudu, Garin yana da masallatan juma’a ashirin da uku yana da kananan makarantun boko guda sittin da hudu matsakaita guda arba’in da uku sannan akwai manyan makarantu guda hudu. Garin Gusau gari ne da yake da manyan kasuwanni guda uku yana kuma da kamfanoni na ‘yan kasuwa guda ashirin da bakwai akwai manyan malaman addinin Musulunci tsakanin rayayyu da wadanda suka rasu kimanin sittin da biyar. Daga lokacin da aka kafa garin Gusau bayan malam Sambo dan Ashafa a 1806- zuwa 1827 an yi sarakuna daga cikin zuri’arsa irin su. == Masarautar Gusau a alif Dari takwas da ashirin da bakwai (1827-1917)== *Malam Abdulkadir daga shekarar (1827-1867) *Malam [[Muhammadu Modibbo]] (1867 -1876) *Malam [[Muhammad Tuburi]] (1876-1887) *Malam [[Muhammadu Giɗe]] (1887-1900) *Malam [[Muhammadu Murtala]] (1900-1916) *Malam [[Muhammadu dangida]] (1916-1917). Daga wannan shekarar anyi wasu Sarakuna da ba a fadi sunayensu ba daga 1917-1984 sannan sai *Alhaji [[Muhammadu Kabir danbaba]] (1984 -2015) *Alhaji [[Ibrahim Bello]] (2015 har zuwa yanzu). ==Yiwa masarautar gyaran fuska=== A shekara ta dubu biyu da uku 2003 da aka zabi Alhaji [[Ahmad Sani Yeriman Bakura]] gwamnan Jihar Zamfara shi ma ya kara sake fasalin majalisar, masarautar ta Gusau inda ta koma kamar haka. Daga karshe iyayen kasa kuma da suke karkashin wannan masarauta ta Gusau da ake kira Katsinan Gusau, sun hada da Galadima da Mayana da Madawaki da Magajin Sabon Gari da Baraden Tudun Wada da Sarkin Kudun Damba da Ubandoman wanke da Farimanan Magani da Sarkin Yakin Rijiya da Magajin Mada da Kogon Wonaka ta Yamma da Magajin Ruwan Baure. ==Manazarta== <ref>https://punchng.com/banditry-months-after-no-fly-order-fg-shuts-down-telecom-sites-in-zamfara/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwannah |first=Ifeanyi |date=2022-08-06 |title=Zamfara govt commends House of Assembly for passing Social Protection Bill into law |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/08/06/zamfara-govt-commends-house-of-assembly-for-passing-social-protection-bill-into-law/ |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> eo3cjo4mhurmxiyp1au83goqojtj9zl 821092 821091 2026-04-14T09:52:12Z Pharouqenr 25549 /* Manazarta */ 821092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:THE NORTH WESTERN STATE OF NIGERIA.pdf|thumb|Taswirar masarutar yammacin yankin]] Garin [[Gusau]] gari ne da aka kafa shi tun a shekara ta alif (1811) kimanin (207) da suka gabata bayan tasowar garin daga ‘Yandoto a shekarar alif dari takwas da shida (1806). Garin Gusau yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan garuruwan tsohuwar Jihar Sakkwato kafin daga bisani ya zama babban birnin Jihar [[Zamfara]] a shekarar alif dara da cassa,in da shida 1996. Kamar yadda kundin tarihin kasa na alif Dari Tara da ashirin 1920 ya nuna, garin yana kan Titin Sakkwato zuwa Zariya ne kimanin kilomita 179, kilomita 210 tsakaninsa da [[Sakkwato]]. Daga Gabas garin Gusau ya yi iyaka da Jihar Katsina da ta Kwatarkwashi daga Arewa kuma ya yi iyaka da garin kaura a yayin da ya yi wata iyakar da garin Bunguɗu daga Yamma a bangaren Kudu kuma ya yi iyaka da dansadau da kuma Tsafe. ==Wanda ya kafa garin Gusau== Almajirin Shehu [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usmanu Dan Fodiyo]] da Sheikh Abdul salami ne wato Malam Sambo dan Ashafa Kuma bahaushene ya kafa garin Gusau wanda yake shi da Jama’arsa ba ruwansu da duk harkokin da suka shafi bautar iskokai ko tsafi irin wanda Hausawa ke yi kafin zuwan addinin [[Musulunci]], garin Gusau ba shi da tarihin jahiliya hakan,ne ya sa duk al’adun Gusawa al’adu ne irin na musulunci kuma shigowar wasu mutane wato baki a Gusau bai gurbata kyawawan al’adunsu ba don kuwa mafi yawan bakin da ke tahowa malamai ne na Musulunci da Almajirai [[Fulani|Hausawa]] da wasunsu da kan taho garin don tsira da [[Addini]]nsu da mutuncinsu da kuma dukiyarsu saboda gudun ta addancin Dan fodio dayafara bayan yafara kwadayin samun iko na mulki.A ɓangaren fada kuma duk umurnin da zai fito daga can zai kasance na dabara da abin da musulunci ya yarda da shi ne na kyawawan ɗabi’u da al’adu saboda duk kusan sarakunan da aka yi a garin Gusau Hausawane malamai ne na addinin musulunci. ==Masarautar Gusau== Masarautar Gusau, kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna ta kafu ne a shekara ta alif dari takwas da shida (1806) a hannun Malam [[Muhammadu dan Ashafa]], a wannan shekarar ne a birnin Gada Malam [[Muhammadu Bello]] dan [[Shehu Usmanu]], ya tsaga kasar [[Katsina]] biyu Gabas da Yamma gari saba’in saba’in tsakanin shi Malam Sambo din da kuma Malam [[Umarun Dallaje]], tun daga wannan lokaci ne kuma garin Gusau da masarautarsa suke ci gaba da bunkasa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Kafin rasuwar Malam Sambo an yi wani lokaci da hedkwatar wannan masarauta ta koma garin Wonaka sakamakon rashin cikakken tsaro kuma a dalilin namun daji masu hadari, Sai bayan rasuwar Malam Sambo dansa Sarkin Katsina Malam Abdulkadir ya dawo da wannan hedkwatar a mazauninta na farko wato Gusau, a dai dai wannan lokaci ne kuma aka nada Sarkin Musulmi Atiku dan Shehu a lokacin da Malam Abdulkadir ya tafi mubaya’a sai ya labarta wa Amirul muminina wannan ci gaba da aka samu, shi kuma Sarkin Musulmi a nasa bangaren bai yi wata wata ba sai ya umurci Sarkin Zamfara Jibrin da Sarkin kaura Namoda da cewa su sa hannu a kewaye garin Gusau da ganuwa wanda a sakamakon wannan aiki ne garin a matsayinsa na hedkwatar masarautar ta sami kokofi guda tara (9) da suka hada da: kofar Kwatarkwashi, da kofar Katsaura da kofar Rawayya da kofar Jange da kofar Dogo da kofar Mani da kofar Tubani da kofar Koje da kuma kofar matsattsa. ==Tsarin Mulkin masarautar Gusau== A takaice dai garin Gusau yana da masarauta daya mai babban sarki, akwai kuma iyayen kasa goma sha hudu, ‘yan majalisar sarki goma sha takwas, sarautun fada kuma akwai kimanin dari da hudu, Garin yana da masallatan juma’a ashirin da uku yana da kananan makarantun boko guda sittin da hudu matsakaita guda arba’in da uku sannan akwai manyan makarantu guda hudu. Garin Gusau gari ne da yake da manyan kasuwanni guda uku yana kuma da kamfanoni na ‘yan kasuwa guda ashirin da bakwai akwai manyan malaman addinin Musulunci tsakanin rayayyu da wadanda suka rasu kimanin sittin da biyar. Daga lokacin da aka kafa garin Gusau bayan malam Sambo dan Ashafa a 1806- zuwa 1827 an yi sarakuna daga cikin zuri’arsa irin su. == Masarautar Gusau a alif Dari takwas da ashirin da bakwai (1827-1917)== *Malam Abdulkadir daga shekarar (1827-1867) *Malam [[Muhammadu Modibbo]] (1867 -1876) *Malam [[Muhammad Tuburi]] (1876-1887) *Malam [[Muhammadu Giɗe]] (1887-1900) *Malam [[Muhammadu Murtala]] (1900-1916) *Malam [[Muhammadu dangida]] (1916-1917). Daga wannan shekarar anyi wasu Sarakuna da ba a fadi sunayensu ba daga 1917-1984 sannan sai *Alhaji [[Muhammadu Kabir danbaba]] (1984 -2015) *Alhaji [[Ibrahim Bello]] (2015 har zuwa yanzu). ==Yiwa masarautar gyaran fuska=== A shekara ta dubu biyu da uku 2003 da aka zabi Alhaji [[Ahmad Sani Yeriman Bakura]] gwamnan Jihar Zamfara shi ma ya kara sake fasalin majalisar, masarautar ta Gusau inda ta koma kamar haka. Daga karshe iyayen kasa kuma da suke karkashin wannan masarauta ta Gusau da ake kira Katsinan Gusau, sun hada da Galadima da Mayana da Madawaki da Magajin Sabon Gari da Baraden Tudun Wada da Sarkin Kudun Damba da Ubandoman wanke da Farimanan Magani da Sarkin Yakin Rijiya da Magajin Mada da Kogon Wonaka ta Yamma da Magajin Ruwan Baure. ==Manazarta== 12v8gfccbn8m7mhrtq0014ftt3q2aln 821093 821092 2026-04-14T09:52:26Z Pharouqenr 25549 /* Yiwa masarautar gyaran fuska= */ 821093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:THE NORTH WESTERN STATE OF NIGERIA.pdf|thumb|Taswirar masarutar yammacin yankin]] Garin [[Gusau]] gari ne da aka kafa shi tun a shekara ta alif (1811) kimanin (207) da suka gabata bayan tasowar garin daga ‘Yandoto a shekarar alif dari takwas da shida (1806). Garin Gusau yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan garuruwan tsohuwar Jihar Sakkwato kafin daga bisani ya zama babban birnin Jihar [[Zamfara]] a shekarar alif dara da cassa,in da shida 1996. Kamar yadda kundin tarihin kasa na alif Dari Tara da ashirin 1920 ya nuna, garin yana kan Titin Sakkwato zuwa Zariya ne kimanin kilomita 179, kilomita 210 tsakaninsa da [[Sakkwato]]. Daga Gabas garin Gusau ya yi iyaka da Jihar Katsina da ta Kwatarkwashi daga Arewa kuma ya yi iyaka da garin kaura a yayin da ya yi wata iyakar da garin Bunguɗu daga Yamma a bangaren Kudu kuma ya yi iyaka da dansadau da kuma Tsafe. ==Wanda ya kafa garin Gusau== Almajirin Shehu [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usmanu Dan Fodiyo]] da Sheikh Abdul salami ne wato Malam Sambo dan Ashafa Kuma bahaushene ya kafa garin Gusau wanda yake shi da Jama’arsa ba ruwansu da duk harkokin da suka shafi bautar iskokai ko tsafi irin wanda Hausawa ke yi kafin zuwan addinin [[Musulunci]], garin Gusau ba shi da tarihin jahiliya hakan,ne ya sa duk al’adun Gusawa al’adu ne irin na musulunci kuma shigowar wasu mutane wato baki a Gusau bai gurbata kyawawan al’adunsu ba don kuwa mafi yawan bakin da ke tahowa malamai ne na Musulunci da Almajirai [[Fulani|Hausawa]] da wasunsu da kan taho garin don tsira da [[Addini]]nsu da mutuncinsu da kuma dukiyarsu saboda gudun ta addancin Dan fodio dayafara bayan yafara kwadayin samun iko na mulki.A ɓangaren fada kuma duk umurnin da zai fito daga can zai kasance na dabara da abin da musulunci ya yarda da shi ne na kyawawan ɗabi’u da al’adu saboda duk kusan sarakunan da aka yi a garin Gusau Hausawane malamai ne na addinin musulunci. ==Masarautar Gusau== Masarautar Gusau, kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna ta kafu ne a shekara ta alif dari takwas da shida (1806) a hannun Malam [[Muhammadu dan Ashafa]], a wannan shekarar ne a birnin Gada Malam [[Muhammadu Bello]] dan [[Shehu Usmanu]], ya tsaga kasar [[Katsina]] biyu Gabas da Yamma gari saba’in saba’in tsakanin shi Malam Sambo din da kuma Malam [[Umarun Dallaje]], tun daga wannan lokaci ne kuma garin Gusau da masarautarsa suke ci gaba da bunkasa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Kafin rasuwar Malam Sambo an yi wani lokaci da hedkwatar wannan masarauta ta koma garin Wonaka sakamakon rashin cikakken tsaro kuma a dalilin namun daji masu hadari, Sai bayan rasuwar Malam Sambo dansa Sarkin Katsina Malam Abdulkadir ya dawo da wannan hedkwatar a mazauninta na farko wato Gusau, a dai dai wannan lokaci ne kuma aka nada Sarkin Musulmi Atiku dan Shehu a lokacin da Malam Abdulkadir ya tafi mubaya’a sai ya labarta wa Amirul muminina wannan ci gaba da aka samu, shi kuma Sarkin Musulmi a nasa bangaren bai yi wata wata ba sai ya umurci Sarkin Zamfara Jibrin da Sarkin kaura Namoda da cewa su sa hannu a kewaye garin Gusau da ganuwa wanda a sakamakon wannan aiki ne garin a matsayinsa na hedkwatar masarautar ta sami kokofi guda tara (9) da suka hada da: kofar Kwatarkwashi, da kofar Katsaura da kofar Rawayya da kofar Jange da kofar Dogo da kofar Mani da kofar Tubani da kofar Koje da kuma kofar matsattsa. ==Tsarin Mulkin masarautar Gusau== A takaice dai garin Gusau yana da masarauta daya mai babban sarki, akwai kuma iyayen kasa goma sha hudu, ‘yan majalisar sarki goma sha takwas, sarautun fada kuma akwai kimanin dari da hudu, Garin yana da masallatan juma’a ashirin da uku yana da kananan makarantun boko guda sittin da hudu matsakaita guda arba’in da uku sannan akwai manyan makarantu guda hudu. Garin Gusau gari ne da yake da manyan kasuwanni guda uku yana kuma da kamfanoni na ‘yan kasuwa guda ashirin da bakwai akwai manyan malaman addinin Musulunci tsakanin rayayyu da wadanda suka rasu kimanin sittin da biyar. Daga lokacin da aka kafa garin Gusau bayan malam Sambo dan Ashafa a 1806- zuwa 1827 an yi sarakuna daga cikin zuri’arsa irin su. == Masarautar Gusau a alif Dari takwas da ashirin da bakwai (1827-1917)== *Malam Abdulkadir daga shekarar (1827-1867) *Malam [[Muhammadu Modibbo]] (1867 -1876) *Malam [[Muhammad Tuburi]] (1876-1887) *Malam [[Muhammadu Giɗe]] (1887-1900) *Malam [[Muhammadu Murtala]] (1900-1916) *Malam [[Muhammadu dangida]] (1916-1917). Daga wannan shekarar anyi wasu Sarakuna da ba a fadi sunayensu ba daga 1917-1984 sannan sai *Alhaji [[Muhammadu Kabir danbaba]] (1984 -2015) *Alhaji [[Ibrahim Bello]] (2015 har zuwa yanzu). ==Yiwa masarautar gyaran fuska== A shekara ta dubu biyu da uku 2003 da aka zabi Alhaji [[Ahmad Sani Yeriman Bakura]] gwamnan Jihar Zamfara shi ma ya kara sake fasalin majalisar, masarautar ta Gusau inda ta koma kamar haka. Daga karshe iyayen kasa kuma da suke karkashin wannan masarauta ta Gusau da ake kira Katsinan Gusau, sun hada da Galadima da Mayana da Madawaki da Magajin Sabon Gari da Baraden Tudun Wada da Sarkin Kudun Damba da Ubandoman wanke da Farimanan Magani da Sarkin Yakin Rijiya da Magajin Mada da Kogon Wonaka ta Yamma da Magajin Ruwan Baure. ==Manazarta== dznhrgzqay27xd1piiypgw4kerj3225 821094 821093 2026-04-14T09:52:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 /* Yiwa masarautar gyaran fuska */ 821094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:THE NORTH WESTERN STATE OF NIGERIA.pdf|thumb|Taswirar masarutar yammacin yankin]] Garin [[Gusau]] gari ne da aka kafa shi tun a shekara ta alif (1811) kimanin (207) da suka gabata bayan tasowar garin daga ‘Yandoto a shekarar alif dari takwas da shida (1806). Garin Gusau yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan garuruwan tsohuwar Jihar Sakkwato kafin daga bisani ya zama babban birnin Jihar [[Zamfara]] a shekarar alif dara da cassa,in da shida 1996. Kamar yadda kundin tarihin kasa na alif Dari Tara da ashirin 1920 ya nuna, garin yana kan Titin Sakkwato zuwa Zariya ne kimanin kilomita 179, kilomita 210 tsakaninsa da [[Sakkwato]]. Daga Gabas garin Gusau ya yi iyaka da Jihar Katsina da ta Kwatarkwashi daga Arewa kuma ya yi iyaka da garin kaura a yayin da ya yi wata iyakar da garin Bunguɗu daga Yamma a bangaren Kudu kuma ya yi iyaka da dansadau da kuma Tsafe. ==Wanda ya kafa garin Gusau== Almajirin Shehu [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usmanu Dan Fodiyo]] da Sheikh Abdul salami ne wato Malam Sambo dan Ashafa Kuma bahaushene ya kafa garin Gusau wanda yake shi da Jama’arsa ba ruwansu da duk harkokin da suka shafi bautar iskokai ko tsafi irin wanda Hausawa ke yi kafin zuwan addinin [[Musulunci]], garin Gusau ba shi da tarihin jahiliya hakan,ne ya sa duk al’adun Gusawa al’adu ne irin na musulunci kuma shigowar wasu mutane wato baki a Gusau bai gurbata kyawawan al’adunsu ba don kuwa mafi yawan bakin da ke tahowa malamai ne na Musulunci da Almajirai [[Fulani|Hausawa]] da wasunsu da kan taho garin don tsira da [[Addini]]nsu da mutuncinsu da kuma dukiyarsu saboda gudun ta addancin Dan fodio dayafara bayan yafara kwadayin samun iko na mulki.A ɓangaren fada kuma duk umurnin da zai fito daga can zai kasance na dabara da abin da musulunci ya yarda da shi ne na kyawawan ɗabi’u da al’adu saboda duk kusan sarakunan da aka yi a garin Gusau Hausawane malamai ne na addinin musulunci. ==Masarautar Gusau== Masarautar Gusau, kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna ta kafu ne a shekara ta alif dari takwas da shida (1806) a hannun Malam [[Muhammadu dan Ashafa]], a wannan shekarar ne a birnin Gada Malam [[Muhammadu Bello]] dan [[Shehu Usmanu]], ya tsaga kasar [[Katsina]] biyu Gabas da Yamma gari saba’in saba’in tsakanin shi Malam Sambo din da kuma Malam [[Umarun Dallaje]], tun daga wannan lokaci ne kuma garin Gusau da masarautarsa suke ci gaba da bunkasa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Kafin rasuwar Malam Sambo an yi wani lokaci da hedkwatar wannan masarauta ta koma garin Wonaka sakamakon rashin cikakken tsaro kuma a dalilin namun daji masu hadari, Sai bayan rasuwar Malam Sambo dansa Sarkin Katsina Malam Abdulkadir ya dawo da wannan hedkwatar a mazauninta na farko wato Gusau, a dai dai wannan lokaci ne kuma aka nada Sarkin Musulmi Atiku dan Shehu a lokacin da Malam Abdulkadir ya tafi mubaya’a sai ya labarta wa Amirul muminina wannan ci gaba da aka samu, shi kuma Sarkin Musulmi a nasa bangaren bai yi wata wata ba sai ya umurci Sarkin Zamfara Jibrin da Sarkin kaura Namoda da cewa su sa hannu a kewaye garin Gusau da ganuwa wanda a sakamakon wannan aiki ne garin a matsayinsa na hedkwatar masarautar ta sami kokofi guda tara (9) da suka hada da: kofar Kwatarkwashi, da kofar Katsaura da kofar Rawayya da kofar Jange da kofar Dogo da kofar Mani da kofar Tubani da kofar Koje da kuma kofar matsattsa. ==Tsarin Mulkin masarautar Gusau== A takaice dai garin Gusau yana da masarauta daya mai babban sarki, akwai kuma iyayen kasa goma sha hudu, ‘yan majalisar sarki goma sha takwas, sarautun fada kuma akwai kimanin dari da hudu, Garin yana da masallatan juma’a ashirin da uku yana da kananan makarantun boko guda sittin da hudu matsakaita guda arba’in da uku sannan akwai manyan makarantu guda hudu. Garin Gusau gari ne da yake da manyan kasuwanni guda uku yana kuma da kamfanoni na ‘yan kasuwa guda ashirin da bakwai akwai manyan malaman addinin Musulunci tsakanin rayayyu da wadanda suka rasu kimanin sittin da biyar. Daga lokacin da aka kafa garin Gusau bayan malam Sambo dan Ashafa a 1806- zuwa 1827 an yi sarakuna daga cikin zuri’arsa irin su. == Masarautar Gusau a alif Dari takwas da ashirin da bakwai (1827-1917)== *Malam Abdulkadir daga shekarar (1827-1867) *Malam [[Muhammadu Modibbo]] (1867 -1876) *Malam [[Muhammad Tuburi]] (1876-1887) *Malam [[Muhammadu Giɗe]] (1887-1900) *Malam [[Muhammadu Murtala]] (1900-1916) *Malam [[Muhammadu dangida]] (1916-1917). Daga wannan shekarar anyi wasu Sarakuna da ba a fadi sunayensu ba daga 1917-1984 sannan sai *Alhaji [[Muhammadu Kabir danbaba]] (1984 -2015) *Alhaji [[Ibrahim Bello]] (2015 har zuwa yanzu). ==Yiwa masarautar gyaran fuska== A shekara ta dubu biyu da uku 2003 da aka zabi Alhaji [[Ahmad Sani Yeriman Bakura]] gwamnan Jihar Zamfara shi ma ya kara sake fasalin majalisar, masarautar ta Gusau inda ta koma kamar haka. Daga karshe iyayen kasa kuma da suke karkashin wannan masarauta ta Gusau da ake kira Katsinan Gusau, sun hada da Galadima da Mayana da Madawaki da Magajin Sabon Gari da Baraden Tudun Wada da Sarkin Kudun Damba da Ubandoman wanke da Farimanan Magani da Sarkin Yakin Rijiya da Magajin Mada da Kogon Wonaka ta Yamma da Magajin Ruwan Baure.<ref>https://punchng.com/banditry-months-after-no-fly-order-fg-shuts-down-telecom-sites-in-zamfara/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwannah |first=Ifeanyi |date=2022-08-06 |title=Zamfara govt commends House of Assembly for passing Social Protection Bill into law |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/08/06/zamfara-govt-commends-house-of-assembly-for-passing-social-protection-bill-into-law/ |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Manazarta== nayukc43mnzaekw215nbtj1xylh4dj2 821095 821094 2026-04-14T09:52:59Z Pharouqenr 25549 /* Yiwa masarautar gyaran fuska */ 821095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:THE NORTH WESTERN STATE OF NIGERIA.pdf|thumb|Taswirar masarutar yammacin yankin]] Garin [[Gusau]] gari ne da aka kafa shi tun a shekara ta alif (1811) kimanin (207) da suka gabata bayan tasowar garin daga ‘Yandoto a shekarar alif dari takwas da shida (1806). Garin Gusau yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan garuruwan tsohuwar Jihar Sakkwato kafin daga bisani ya zama babban birnin Jihar [[Zamfara]] a shekarar alif dara da cassa,in da shida 1996. Kamar yadda kundin tarihin kasa na alif Dari Tara da ashirin 1920 ya nuna, garin yana kan Titin Sakkwato zuwa Zariya ne kimanin kilomita 179, kilomita 210 tsakaninsa da [[Sakkwato]]. Daga Gabas garin Gusau ya yi iyaka da Jihar Katsina da ta Kwatarkwashi daga Arewa kuma ya yi iyaka da garin kaura a yayin da ya yi wata iyakar da garin Bunguɗu daga Yamma a bangaren Kudu kuma ya yi iyaka da dansadau da kuma Tsafe. ==Wanda ya kafa garin Gusau== Almajirin Shehu [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usmanu Dan Fodiyo]] da Sheikh Abdul salami ne wato Malam Sambo dan Ashafa Kuma bahaushene ya kafa garin Gusau wanda yake shi da Jama’arsa ba ruwansu da duk harkokin da suka shafi bautar iskokai ko tsafi irin wanda Hausawa ke yi kafin zuwan addinin [[Musulunci]], garin Gusau ba shi da tarihin jahiliya hakan,ne ya sa duk al’adun Gusawa al’adu ne irin na musulunci kuma shigowar wasu mutane wato baki a Gusau bai gurbata kyawawan al’adunsu ba don kuwa mafi yawan bakin da ke tahowa malamai ne na Musulunci da Almajirai [[Fulani|Hausawa]] da wasunsu da kan taho garin don tsira da [[Addini]]nsu da mutuncinsu da kuma dukiyarsu saboda gudun ta addancin Dan fodio dayafara bayan yafara kwadayin samun iko na mulki.A ɓangaren fada kuma duk umurnin da zai fito daga can zai kasance na dabara da abin da musulunci ya yarda da shi ne na kyawawan ɗabi’u da al’adu saboda duk kusan sarakunan da aka yi a garin Gusau Hausawane malamai ne na addinin musulunci. ==Masarautar Gusau== Masarautar Gusau, kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna ta kafu ne a shekara ta alif dari takwas da shida (1806) a hannun Malam [[Muhammadu dan Ashafa]], a wannan shekarar ne a birnin Gada Malam [[Muhammadu Bello]] dan [[Shehu Usmanu]], ya tsaga kasar [[Katsina]] biyu Gabas da Yamma gari saba’in saba’in tsakanin shi Malam Sambo din da kuma Malam [[Umarun Dallaje]], tun daga wannan lokaci ne kuma garin Gusau da masarautarsa suke ci gaba da bunkasa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Kafin rasuwar Malam Sambo an yi wani lokaci da hedkwatar wannan masarauta ta koma garin Wonaka sakamakon rashin cikakken tsaro kuma a dalilin namun daji masu hadari, Sai bayan rasuwar Malam Sambo dansa Sarkin Katsina Malam Abdulkadir ya dawo da wannan hedkwatar a mazauninta na farko wato Gusau, a dai dai wannan lokaci ne kuma aka nada Sarkin Musulmi Atiku dan Shehu a lokacin da Malam Abdulkadir ya tafi mubaya’a sai ya labarta wa Amirul muminina wannan ci gaba da aka samu, shi kuma Sarkin Musulmi a nasa bangaren bai yi wata wata ba sai ya umurci Sarkin Zamfara Jibrin da Sarkin kaura Namoda da cewa su sa hannu a kewaye garin Gusau da ganuwa wanda a sakamakon wannan aiki ne garin a matsayinsa na hedkwatar masarautar ta sami kokofi guda tara (9) da suka hada da: kofar Kwatarkwashi, da kofar Katsaura da kofar Rawayya da kofar Jange da kofar Dogo da kofar Mani da kofar Tubani da kofar Koje da kuma kofar matsattsa. ==Tsarin Mulkin masarautar Gusau== A takaice dai garin Gusau yana da masarauta daya mai babban sarki, akwai kuma iyayen kasa goma sha hudu, ‘yan majalisar sarki goma sha takwas, sarautun fada kuma akwai kimanin dari da hudu, Garin yana da masallatan juma’a ashirin da uku yana da kananan makarantun boko guda sittin da hudu matsakaita guda arba’in da uku sannan akwai manyan makarantu guda hudu. Garin Gusau gari ne da yake da manyan kasuwanni guda uku yana kuma da kamfanoni na ‘yan kasuwa guda ashirin da bakwai akwai manyan malaman addinin Musulunci tsakanin rayayyu da wadanda suka rasu kimanin sittin da biyar. Daga lokacin da aka kafa garin Gusau bayan malam Sambo dan Ashafa a 1806- zuwa 1827 an yi sarakuna daga cikin zuri’arsa irin su. == Masarautar Gusau a alif Dari takwas da ashirin da bakwai (1827-1917)== *Malam Abdulkadir daga shekarar (1827-1867) *Malam [[Muhammadu Modibbo]] (1867 -1876) *Malam [[Muhammad Tuburi]] (1876-1887) *Malam [[Muhammadu Giɗe]] (1887-1900) *Malam [[Muhammadu Murtala]] (1900-1916) *Malam [[Muhammadu dangida]] (1916-1917). Daga wannan shekarar anyi wasu Sarakuna da ba a fadi sunayensu ba daga 1917-1984 sannan sai *Alhaji [[Muhammadu Kabir danbaba]] (1984 -2015) *Alhaji [[Ibrahim Bello]] (2015 har zuwa yanzu). ==Yiwa masarautar gyaran fuska== A shekara ta dubu biyu da uku 2003 da aka zabi Alhaji Ahmad Sani Yeriman Bakura gwamnan Jihar Zamfara shi ma ya kara sake fasalin majalisar, masarautar ta Gusau inda ta koma kamar haka. Daga karshe iyayen kasa kuma da suke karkashin wannan masarauta ta Gusau da ake kira Katsinan Gusau, sun hada da Galadima da Mayana da Madawaki da Magajin Sabon Gari da Baraden Tudun Wada da Sarkin Kudun Damba da Ubandoman wanke da Farimanan Magani da Sarkin Yakin Rijiya da Magajin Mada da Kogon Wonaka ta Yamma da Magajin Ruwan Baure.<ref>https://punchng.com/banditry-months-after-no-fly-order-fg-shuts-down-telecom-sites-in-zamfara/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwannah |first=Ifeanyi |date=2022-08-06 |title=Zamfara govt commends House of Assembly for passing Social Protection Bill into law |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/08/06/zamfara-govt-commends-house-of-assembly-for-passing-social-protection-bill-into-law/ |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Manazarta== mlelyfvv5t8n3nws6xayzt4jwehyadp 0 54207 820867 812916 2026-04-13T17:23:09Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347129629|Swanky JKA]]" 820867 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jideofor Kenechukwu Achufusi''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Oktoba 1991) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]] kuma samfurin, wanda aka sani da '''Swanky JKA.''' . An fi saninsa da hotonsa na Nnamdi Okeke a cikin Living in Bondage: Breaking Free, da kuma Chidi a cikin Kambili: The Whole 30 Yards. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=25 February 2021 |title=KAMBILI: THE WHOLE 30 YARDS |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/kambili_the_whole_30_yards |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=24 September 2021 |website=ROTTEN TOMATOES |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Trailblazer a 2020 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards (AMVCA). == Ayyuka == Asalinsa samfurin, Achufusi ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo ta hanyar taka rawa a fina-finai na [[Nollywood]] Poka Messiah, Black Rose, Pretty Little Thing, Ofu Obi da A Lonely Lane . Ya samu ci gaba a shekarar 2019 ta hanyar taka rawar Nnamdi Okeke a fim din Living in Bondage: Breaking Free, wanda ya ba shi kyautar mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da lambar yabo ta Trailblazer, duka biyu a Afirka Magic Viewers' Choice Awards a shekarar 2020. == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |2014 |''Bridges masu cin wuta'' |Manny |Tare da [[Ken Erics]], [[Ivie Okujaye]] |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''Girman da ya ɓace'' |Mai daɗi |Tare da [[Tana Adelana]], [[Eucharia Anunobi]] |- |''Girman da ya ɓace'' |Mai daɗi |Wasan kwaikwayo |- |2016 |''Poka Almasihu'' |Xavier |Tare da [[Jude Thomas Dawam]], Yul Edochie |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''Kyakkyawan Kyakkyawar'' |Mika'ilu |Tare da [[Jide Kosoko]], [[Ngozi Ezeonu]] |- |''Hanyar Makaɗaukaki'' |Kelly |Tare da Uju Anikwe, Juliet Ekeson |- | rowspan="4" |2018 |''[[Black Rose (fim na 2018)|Black Rose]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-03 |title=Black Rose |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2018/06/black-rose.html |access-date=2021-02-20 |website=[[Nollywood Reinvented]]}}</ref> |Nelo |Tare da [[Blossom Chukwujekwu]] |- |''[[Crazy, Lovely, Cool|Hauka, Mai Kyau, Mai Kyawu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okechukwu |first=Daniel |date=2019-12-13 |title='Crazy, Lovely, Cool' is Nollywood's first TV show on Netflix |url=https://culturecustodian.com/crazy-lovely-cool-is-nollywoods-first-tv-show-on-netflix/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=The Culture Custodian}}</ref> |Neo |Soyayya |- |''Babban Rashin Amfani'' | |Wasan kwaikwayo |- |''[[Lionheart (fim na 2018)|Zuciya ta Zaki]]''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2020-03-14 |title=And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ?? |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> |Mai ba da rahoto |Tare da [[Genevieve Nnaji]], [[Nkem Owoh]], [[Pete Edochie]] |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |''Ofuobi'' |Jide |Tare da Victoria Dijey, Chioma Idigo |- |''[[Living in Bondage: Breaking Free|Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-23 |title=Kenneth Okonkwo, Swanky JKA, Kanayo O. Kanayo... Meet the Cast of "Living In Bondage: Breaking Free" |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/10/cast-of-living-in-bondage-breaking-free/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=[[BellaNaija]]}}</ref> |Nnamdi Okeke |Matsayin ci gaba |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |''[[kambili: The Whole 30 Yards|Kambili: Dukan Yards 30]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-04 |title="Kambili: The Whole 30 Yards" New Teaser Stars Nancy Isime, Mawuli Gavor & Swanky JKA |url=https://thelagosreview.ng/kambili-the-whole-30-yards-new-teaser-stars-nancy-isime-mawuli-gavor-swanky-jka/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=[[The Lagos Review]] |language=en-US}}</ref> |Chidi |Tare da [[Mawuli Gavor|Mawuli Gavour]], [[Nancy Isime]] |- |''Bride da Makami'' |Paparoma |Tare da Avira Akpobi, Ifeanyi Anike |- | rowspan="6" |2021 |''[[Dwindle (fim)|Rashin ƙarfi]]'' |Chinedu |Tare da [[Broda Shaggi]] |- |''Rufewa'' |Sam |Tare da Omini Aho, [[Chioma Chukwuka]] |- |''Mummunan yara maza da amarya'' |Olisa |Tare da Rosemary Abazie, Ademola Adedoyin |- |''Ya ce'' |Yomi Taiwo |Tare da Imoudu Ayonote, reshen Femi[[Femi Branch|Rukunin Rukunin]] |- |''Muradin Ejiro'' |Bobby |Tare da Tana Adelana, [[Abayomi Alvin]] |- |''Ƙaunar 'Yar'uwa'' |Jide |Tare da Eucharia Anunobi Ekwu, Jude Thomas Dawam |- | rowspan="6" |2022 |''[[Brother hood 2022)|Ɗan'uwa]]'' |Siman |Tare da Mercy Aigbe, Adebowale Adetayo |- |''[[Money Miss Road|Kudin Miss Road]]'' |Joe |Ayyuka / Comedy |- |''[[Ni Nazzy|Ni Na Na Na Na Rashin]]'' | |Comedy / Romance |- |''Abin farin ciki'' | |Tare da [[Uzor Arukwe]], Emmanuel Blaq |- |''Sarauniyar Oyibo'' | | |- |''[[Ije Awele]]'' |Dubem / Dubar |Tare da [[Victoria Nwogu]], [[Onyeka Onwenu]] |- | rowspan="5" |2023 |''[[A Tribe Called Judah|Ƙabilar da ake kira Yahuza]]'' |Emeka Yahuza |Tare da [[Funke Akindele]] |- |''[[Blood Vessels (fim na 2023)|Jirgin Jini]]'' |Boma |Labari / Wasan kwaikwayo / Mai ban tsoro |- |''Abin sha'awa'' | |[[Chiwetalu Agu|Chiwet Agualu]], Pete Edochie |- |''Butterfly mai zubar da jini'' |Jide |Ernest Obi ne ya shirya shi |- |''Mataimakin Musamman'' |Joel |Tare da Kameel Audu, Aderinoye Babatunde |- |2023 |''Flip Side'' |Chike |Ifeanyi Anike, Chinenye Chukwu |- | rowspan="3" |2024 |''Japa'' |Mezu |Jagora tare da [[Adesua Etomi]] |- |''Ina son ka ba tare da la'akari ba'' | |Tare da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], Francis Atela |- |''Rashin Haske'' | |Umanu Elijah ne ya shirya shiUmanu Iliya |- |2026 |''Aba Blues'' | | |} == Kyaututtuka == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon !Ref |- | rowspan="2" |2018 | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Hanyar Makaɗaukaki''|{{Won}} | |- |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Ofu Obi''|{{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="6" |2020 | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor |''[[Living in Bondage: Breaking Free|Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa]]''| {{Nom}} | |- |Kyautar Trailblazer || {{Won}} |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2020-03-14 |title=And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ?? |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBellaNaija.com2020">BellaNaija.com (14 March 2020). [https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ "And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ??"]. ''BellaNaija''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> |- | rowspan="4" |[[2020 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayi na Jagora (Turanci) |''Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa''|{{Won}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Ru'ya ta Shekara (Male) ||{{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Actor a matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Nne''| {{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim |''Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa''| {{Nom}} |- |2021 |Darajar Intanet |Mafi Mashahuriyar Actor ||{{Won}} | |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] 09fhhm5tjmd3c6xtqyurlfe5rv0qmu3 820872 820867 2026-04-13T17:26:40Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jideofor Kenechukwu Achufusi''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Oktoba 1991) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]] kuma samfurin, wanda aka sani da '''Swanky JKA.''' . An fi saninsa da hotonsa na Nnamdi Okeke a cikin Living in Bondage: Breaking Free, da kuma Chidi a cikin Kambili: The Whole 30 Yards. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=25 February 2021 |title=KAMBILI: THE WHOLE 30 YARDS |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/kambili_the_whole_30_yards |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=24 September 2021 |website=ROTTEN TOMATOES |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Trailblazer a 2020 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards (AMVCA). == Ayyuka == Asalinsa samfurin, Achufusi ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo ta hanyar taka rawa a fina-finai na [[Nollywood]] Poka Messiah, Black Rose, Pretty Little Thing, Ofu Obi da A Lonely Lane . Ya samu ci gaba a shekarar 2019 ta hanyar taka rawar Nnamdi Okeke a fim din Living in Bondage: Breaking Free, wanda ya ba shi kyautar mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da lambar yabo ta Trailblazer, duka biyu a Afirka Magic Viewers' Choice Awards a shekarar 2020. == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |2014 |''Bridges masu cin wuta'' |Manny |Tare da [[Ken Erics]], [[Ivie Okujaye]] |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''Girman da ya ɓace'' |Mai daɗi |Tare da [[Tana Adelana]], [[Eucharia Anunobi]] |- |''Girman da ya ɓace'' |Mai daɗi |Wasan kwaikwayo |- |2016 |''Poka Almasihu'' |Xavier |Tare da [[Jude Thomas Dawam]], Yul Edochie |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''Kyakkyawan Kyakkyawar'' |Mika'ilu |Tare da [[Jide Kosoko]], [[Ngozi Ezeonu]] |- |''Hanyar Makaɗaukaki'' |Kelly |Tare da Uju Anikwe, Juliet Ekeson |- | rowspan="4" |2018 |''[[Black Rose (fim na 2018)|Black Rose]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-03 |title=Black Rose |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2018/06/black-rose.html |access-date=2021-02-20 |website=[[Nollywood Reinvented]]}}</ref> |Nelo |Tare da [[Blossom Chukwujekwu]] |- |''[[Crazy, Lovely, Cool|Hauka, Mai Kyau, Mai Kyawu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okechukwu |first=Daniel |date=2019-12-13 |title='Crazy, Lovely, Cool' is Nollywood's first TV show on Netflix |url=https://culturecustodian.com/crazy-lovely-cool-is-nollywoods-first-tv-show-on-netflix/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=The Culture Custodian}}</ref> |Neo |Soyayya |- |''Babban Rashin Amfani'' | |Wasan kwaikwayo |- |''[[Lionheart (fim na 2018)|Zuciya ta Zaki]]''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2020-03-14 |title=And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ?? |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> |Mai ba da rahoto |Tare da [[Genevieve Nnaji]], [[Nkem Owoh]], [[Pete Edochie]] |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |''Ofuobi'' |Jide |Tare da Victoria Dijey, Chioma Idigo |- |''[[Living in Bondage: Breaking Free|Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-23 |title=Kenneth Okonkwo, Swanky JKA, Kanayo O. Kanayo... Meet the Cast of "Living In Bondage: Breaking Free" |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/10/cast-of-living-in-bondage-breaking-free/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=[[BellaNaija]]}}</ref> |Nnamdi Okeke |Matsayin ci gaba |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |''[[kambili: The Whole 30 Yards|Kambili: Dukan Yards 30]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-04 |title="Kambili: The Whole 30 Yards" New Teaser Stars Nancy Isime, Mawuli Gavor & Swanky JKA |url=https://thelagosreview.ng/kambili-the-whole-30-yards-new-teaser-stars-nancy-isime-mawuli-gavor-swanky-jka/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=[[The Lagos Review]] |language=en-US}}</ref> |Chidi |Tare da [[Mawuli Gavor|Mawuli Gavour]], [[Nancy Isime]] |- |''Bride da Makami'' |Paparoma |Tare da Avira Akpobi, Ifeanyi Anike |- | rowspan="6" |2021 |''[[Dwindle (fim)|Rashin ƙarfi]]'' |Chinedu |Tare da [[Broda Shaggi]] |- |''Rufewa'' |Sam |Tare da Omini Aho, [[Chioma Chukwuka]] |- |''Mummunan yara maza da amarya'' |Olisa |Tare da Rosemary Abazie, Ademola Adedoyin |- |''Ya ce'' |Yomi Taiwo |Tare da Imoudu Ayonote, reshen Femi[[Femi Branch|Rukunin Rukunin]] |- |''Muradin Ejiro'' |Bobby |Tare da Tana Adelana, [[Abayomi Alvin]] |- |''Ƙaunar 'Yar'uwa'' |Jide |Tare da Eucharia Anunobi Ekwu, Jude Thomas Dawam |- | rowspan="6" |2022 |''[[Brother hood 2022)|Ɗan'uwa]]'' |Siman |Tare da Mercy Aigbe, Adebowale Adetayo |- |''[[Money Miss Road|Kudin Miss Road]]'' |Joe |Ayyuka / Comedy |- |''[[Ni Nazzy|Ni Na Na Na Na Rashin]]'' | |Comedy / Romance |- |''Abin farin ciki'' | |Tare da [[Uzor Arukwe]], Emmanuel Blaq |- |''Sarauniyar Oyibo'' | | |- |''[[Ije Awele]]'' |Dubem / Dubar |Tare da [[Victoria Nwogu]], [[Onyeka Onwenu]] |- | rowspan="5" |2023 |''[[A Tribe Called Judah|Ƙabilar da ake kira Yahuza]]'' |Emeka Yahuza |Tare da [[Funke Akindele]] |- |''[[Blood Vessels (fim na 2023)|Jirgin Jini]]'' |Boma |Labari / Wasan kwaikwayo / Mai ban tsoro |- |''Abin sha'awa'' | |[[Chiwetalu Agu|Chiwet Agualu]], Pete Edochie |- |''Butterfly mai zubar da jini'' |Jide |Ernest Obi ne ya shirya shi |- |''Mataimakin Musamman'' |Joel |Tare da Kameel Audu, Aderinoye Babatunde |- |2023 |''Flip Side'' |Chike |Ifeanyi Anike, Chinenye Chukwu |- | rowspan="3" |2024 |''Japa'' |Mezu |Jagora tare da [[Adesua Etomi]] |- |''Ina son ka ba tare da la'akari ba'' | |Tare da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], Francis Atela |- |''Rashin Haske'' | |Umanu Elijah ne ya shirya shiUmanu Iliya |- |2026 |''Aba Blues'' | | |} == Kyaututtuka == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon !Ref |- | rowspan="2" |2018 | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Hanyar Makaɗaukaki''|{{Won}} | |- |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Ofu Obi''|{{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="6" |2020 | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor |''[[Living in Bondage: Breaking Free|Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa]]''| {{Nom}} | |- |Kyautar Trailblazer || {{Won}} |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2020-03-14 |title=And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ?? |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBellaNaija.com2020">BellaNaija.com (14 March 2020). [https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ "And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ??"]. ''BellaNaija''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> |- | rowspan="4" |[[2020 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayi na Jagora (Turanci) |''Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa''|{{Won}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Ru'ya ta Shekara (Male) ||{{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Actor a matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Nne''| {{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim |''Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa''| {{Nom}} |- |2021 |Darajar Intanet |Mafi Mashahuriyar Actor ||{{Won}} | |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] 3wbeqsaljrv3o7gjzzq9zsxwypi0scr 820874 820872 2026-04-13T17:27:51Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jideofor Kenechukwu Achufusi''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Oktoba 1991) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Ɗan Najeriya|Na Najeriya]] kuma samfurin, wanda aka sani da '''Swanky JKA.''' . An fi saninsa da hotonsa na Nnamdi Okeke a cikin Living in Bondage: Breaking Free, da kuma Chidi a cikin Kambili: The Whole 30 Yards. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=25 February 2021 |title=KAMBILI: THE WHOLE 30 YARDS |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/kambili_the_whole_30_yards |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=24 September 2021 |website=ROTTEN TOMATOES |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Trailblazer a 2020 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards (AMVCA). == Ayyuka == Asalinsa samfurin, Achufusi ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo ta hanyar taka rawa a fina-finai na [[Nollywood]] Poka Messiah, Black Rose, Pretty Little Thing, Ofu Obi da A Lonely Lane . Ya samu ci gaba a shekarar 2019 ta hanyar taka rawar Nnamdi Okeke a fim din Living in Bondage: Breaking Free, wanda ya ba shi kyautar mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da lambar yabo ta Trailblazer, duka biyu a Afirka Magic Viewers' Choice Awards a shekarar 2020. == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |2014 |''Bridges masu cin wuta'' |Manny |Tare da [[Ken Erics]], [[Ivie Okujaye]] |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''Girman da ya ɓace'' |Mai daɗi |Tare da [[Tana Adelana]], [[Eucharia Anunobi]] |- |''Girman da ya ɓace'' |Mai daɗi |Wasan kwaikwayo |- |2016 |''Poka Almasihu'' |Xavier |Tare da [[Jude Thomas Dawam]], Yul Edochie |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''Kyakkyawan Kyakkyawar'' |Mika'ilu |Tare da [[Jide Kosoko]], [[Ngozi Ezeonu]] |- |''Hanyar Makaɗaukaki'' |Kelly |Tare da Uju Anikwe, Juliet Ekeson |- | rowspan="4" |2018 |''[[Black Rose (fim na 2018)|Black Rose]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-03 |title=Black Rose |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2018/06/black-rose.html |access-date=2021-02-20 |website=[[Nollywood Reinvented]]}}</ref> |Nelo |Tare da [[Blossom Chukwujekwu]] |- |''[[Crazy, Lovely, Cool|Hauka, Mai Kyau, Mai Kyawu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okechukwu |first=Daniel |date=2019-12-13 |title='Crazy, Lovely, Cool' is Nollywood's first TV show on Netflix |url=https://culturecustodian.com/crazy-lovely-cool-is-nollywoods-first-tv-show-on-netflix/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=The Culture Custodian}}</ref> |Neo |Soyayya |- |''Babban Rashin Amfani'' | |Wasan kwaikwayo |- |''[[Lionheart (fim na 2018)|Zuciya ta Zaki]]''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2020-03-14 |title=And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ?? |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> |Mai ba da rahoto |Tare da [[Genevieve Nnaji]], [[Nkem Owoh]], [[Pete Edochie]] |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |''Ofuobi'' |Jide |Tare da Victoria Dijey, Chioma Idigo |- |''[[Living in Bondage: Breaking Free|Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-23 |title=Kenneth Okonkwo, Swanky JKA, Kanayo O. Kanayo... Meet the Cast of "Living In Bondage: Breaking Free" |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/10/cast-of-living-in-bondage-breaking-free/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=[[BellaNaija]]}}</ref> |Nnamdi Okeke |Matsayin ci gaba |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |''[[kambili: The Whole 30 Yards|Kambili: Dukan Yards 30]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-04 |title="Kambili: The Whole 30 Yards" New Teaser Stars Nancy Isime, Mawuli Gavor & Swanky JKA |url=https://thelagosreview.ng/kambili-the-whole-30-yards-new-teaser-stars-nancy-isime-mawuli-gavor-swanky-jka/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=[[The Lagos Review]] |language=en-US}}</ref> |Chidi |Tare da [[Mawuli Gavor|Mawuli Gavour]], [[Nancy Isime]] |- |''Bride da Makami'' |Paparoma |Tare da Avira Akpobi, Ifeanyi Anike |- | rowspan="6" |2021 |''[[Dwindle (fim)|Rashin ƙarfi]]'' |Chinedu |Tare da [[Broda Shaggi]] |- |''Rufewa'' |Sam |Tare da Omini Aho, [[Chioma Chukwuka]] |- |''Mummunan yara maza da amarya'' |Olisa |Tare da Rosemary Abazie, Ademola Adedoyin |- |''Ya ce'' |Yomi Taiwo |Tare da Imoudu Ayonote, reshen Femi[[Femi Branch|Rukunin Rukunin]] |- |''Muradin Ejiro'' |Bobby |Tare da Tana Adelana, [[Abayomi Alvin]] |- |''Ƙaunar 'Yar'uwa'' |Jide |Tare da Eucharia Anunobi Ekwu, Jude Thomas Dawam |- | rowspan="6" |2022 |''[[Brother hood 2022)|Ɗan'uwa]]'' |Siman |Tare da Mercy Aigbe, Adebowale Adetayo |- |''[[Money Miss Road|Kudin Miss Road]]'' |Joe |Ayyuka / Comedy |- |''[[Ni Nazzy|Ni Na Na Na Na Rashin]]'' | |Comedy / Romance |- |''Abin farin ciki'' | |Tare da [[Uzor Arukwe]], Emmanuel Blaq |- |''Sarauniyar Oyibo'' | | |- |''[[Ije Awele]]'' |Dubem / Dubar |Tare da [[Victoria Nwogu]], [[Onyeka Onwenu]] |- | rowspan="5" |2023 |''[[A Tribe Called Judah|Ƙabilar da ake kira Yahuza]]'' |Emeka Yahuza |Tare da [[Funke Akindele]] |- |''[[Blood Vessels (fim na 2023)|Jirgin Jini]]'' |Boma |Labari / Wasan kwaikwayo / Mai ban tsoro |- |''Abin sha'awa'' | |[[Chiwetalu Agu|Chiwet Agualu]], Pete Edochie |- |''Butterfly mai zubar da jini'' |Jide |Ernest Obi ne ya shirya shi |- |''Mataimakin Musamman'' |Joel |Tare da Kameel Audu, Aderinoye Babatunde |- |2023 |''Flip Side'' |Chike |Ifeanyi Anike, Chinenye Chukwu |- | rowspan="3" |2024 |''Japa'' |Mezu |Jagora tare da [[Adesua Etomi]] |- |''Ina son ka ba tare da la'akari ba'' | |Tare da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], Francis Atela |- |''Rashin Haske'' | |Umanu Elijah ne ya shirya shiUmanu Iliya |- |2026 |''Aba Blues'' | | |} == Kyaututtuka == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon !Ref |- | rowspan="2" |2018 | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Hanyar Makaɗaukaki''|{{Won}} | |- |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Ofu Obi''|{{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="6" |2020 | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor |''[[Living in Bondage: Breaking Free|Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa]]''| {{Nom}} | |- |Kyautar Trailblazer || {{Won}} |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2020-03-14 |title=And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ?? |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBellaNaija.com2020">BellaNaija.com (14 March 2020). [https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ "And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ??"]. ''BellaNaija''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> |- | rowspan="4" |[[2020 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayi na Jagora (Turanci) |''Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa''|{{Won}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Ru'ya ta Shekara (Male) ||{{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Actor a matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Nne''| {{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim |''Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa''| {{Nom}} |- |2021 |Darajar Intanet |Mafi Mashahuriyar Actor ||{{Won}} | |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] hx0x8r33kih1shcbq0kkoaf9vjrg21z 820876 820874 2026-04-13T17:30:22Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jideofor Kenechukwu Achufusi''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Oktoba 1991) shi ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Ɗan Najeriya|Na Najeriya]] kuma samfurin, wanda aka sani da '''Swanky JKA.''' . An fi saninsa da hotonsa na Nnamdi Okeke a cikin Living in Bondage: Breaking Free, da kuma Chidi a cikin Kambili: The Whole 30 Yards. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=25 February 2021 |title=KAMBILI: THE WHOLE 30 YARDS |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/kambili_the_whole_30_yards |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=24 September 2021 |website=ROTTEN TOMATOES |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Trailblazer a 2020 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards (AMVCA). == Ayyuka == Asalinsa samfurin, Achufusi ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo ta hanyar taka rawa a fina-finai na [[Nollywood]] Poka Messiah, Black Rose, Pretty Little Thing, Ofu Obi da A Lonely Lane . Ya samu ci gaba a shekarar 2019 ta hanyar taka rawar Nnamdi Okeke a fim din Living in Bondage: Breaking Free, wanda ya ba shi kyautar mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da lambar yabo ta Trailblazer, duka biyu a Afirka Magic Viewers' Choice Awards a shekarar 2020. == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |2014 |''Bridges masu cin wuta'' |Manny |Tare da [[Ken Erics]], [[Ivie Okujaye]] |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''Girman da ya ɓace'' |Mai daɗi |Tare da [[Tana Adelana]], [[Eucharia Anunobi]] |- |''Girman da ya ɓace'' |Mai daɗi |Wasan kwaikwayo |- |2016 |''Poka Almasihu'' |Xavier |Tare da [[Jude Thomas Dawam]], Yul Edochie |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''Kyakkyawan Kyakkyawar'' |Mika'ilu |Tare da [[Jide Kosoko]], [[Ngozi Ezeonu]] |- |''Hanyar Makaɗaukaki'' |Kelly |Tare da Uju Anikwe, Juliet Ekeson |- | rowspan="4" |2018 |''[[Black Rose (fim na 2018)|Black Rose]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-03 |title=Black Rose |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2018/06/black-rose.html |access-date=2021-02-20 |website=[[Nollywood Reinvented]]}}</ref> |Nelo |Tare da [[Blossom Chukwujekwu]] |- |''[[Crazy, Lovely, Cool|Hauka, Mai Kyau, Mai Kyawu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okechukwu |first=Daniel |date=2019-12-13 |title='Crazy, Lovely, Cool' is Nollywood's first TV show on Netflix |url=https://culturecustodian.com/crazy-lovely-cool-is-nollywoods-first-tv-show-on-netflix/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=The Culture Custodian}}</ref> |Neo |Soyayya |- |''Babban Rashin Amfani'' | |Wasan kwaikwayo |- |''[[Lionheart (fim na 2018)|Zuciya ta Zaki]]''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2020-03-14 |title=And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ?? |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> |Mai ba da rahoto |Tare da [[Genevieve Nnaji]], [[Nkem Owoh]], [[Pete Edochie]] |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |''Ofuobi'' |Jide |Tare da Victoria Dijey, Chioma Idigo |- |''[[Living in Bondage: Breaking Free|Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-23 |title=Kenneth Okonkwo, Swanky JKA, Kanayo O. Kanayo... Meet the Cast of "Living In Bondage: Breaking Free" |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/10/cast-of-living-in-bondage-breaking-free/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=[[BellaNaija]]}}</ref> |Nnamdi Okeke |Matsayin ci gaba |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |''[[kambili: The Whole 30 Yards|Kambili: Dukan Yards 30]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-04 |title="Kambili: The Whole 30 Yards" New Teaser Stars Nancy Isime, Mawuli Gavor & Swanky JKA |url=https://thelagosreview.ng/kambili-the-whole-30-yards-new-teaser-stars-nancy-isime-mawuli-gavor-swanky-jka/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=[[The Lagos Review]] |language=en-US}}</ref> |Chidi |Tare da [[Mawuli Gavor|Mawuli Gavour]], [[Nancy Isime]] |- |''Bride da Makami'' |Paparoma |Tare da Avira Akpobi, Ifeanyi Anike |- | rowspan="6" |2021 |''[[Dwindle (fim)|Rashin ƙarfi]]'' |Chinedu |Tare da [[Broda Shaggi]] |- |''Rufewa'' |Sam |Tare da Omini Aho, [[Chioma Chukwuka]] |- |''Mummunan yara maza da amarya'' |Olisa |Tare da Rosemary Abazie, Ademola Adedoyin |- |''Ya ce'' |Yomi Taiwo |Tare da Imoudu Ayonote, reshen Femi[[Femi Branch|Rukunin Rukunin]] |- |''Muradin Ejiro'' |Bobby |Tare da Tana Adelana, [[Abayomi Alvin]] |- |''Ƙaunar 'Yar'uwa'' |Jide |Tare da Eucharia Anunobi Ekwu, Jude Thomas Dawam |- | rowspan="6" |2022 |''[[Brother hood 2022)|Ɗan'uwa]]'' |Siman |Tare da Mercy Aigbe, Adebowale Adetayo |- |''[[Money Miss Road|Kudin Miss Road]]'' |Joe |Ayyuka / Comedy |- |''[[Ni Nazzy|Ni Na Na Na Na Rashin]]'' | |Comedy / Romance |- |''Abin farin ciki'' | |Tare da [[Uzor Arukwe]], Emmanuel Blaq |- |''Sarauniyar Oyibo'' | | |- |''[[Ije Awele]]'' |Dubem / Dubar |Tare da [[Victoria Nwogu]], [[Onyeka Onwenu]] |- | rowspan="5" |2023 |''[[A Tribe Called Judah|Ƙabilar da ake kira Yahuza]]'' |Emeka Yahuza |Tare da [[Funke Akindele]] |- |''[[Blood Vessels (fim na 2023)|Jirgin Jini]]'' |Boma |Labari / Wasan kwaikwayo / Mai ban tsoro |- |''Abin sha'awa'' | |[[Chiwetalu Agu|Chiwet Agualu]], Pete Edochie |- |''Butterfly mai zubar da jini'' |Jide |Ernest Obi ne ya shirya shi |- |''Mataimakin Musamman'' |Joel |Tare da Kameel Audu, Aderinoye Babatunde |- |2023 |''Flip Side'' |Chike |Ifeanyi Anike, Chinenye Chukwu |- | rowspan="3" |2024 |''Japa'' |Mezu |Jagora tare da [[Adesua Etomi]] |- |''Ina son ka ba tare da la'akari ba'' | |Tare da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], Francis Atela |- |''Rashin Haske'' | |Umanu Elijah ne ya shirya shiUmanu Iliya |- |2026 |''Aba Blues'' | | |} == Kyaututtuka == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon !Ref |- | rowspan="2" |2018 | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Hanyar Makaɗaukaki''|{{Won}} | |- |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Ofu Obi''|{{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="6" |2020 | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor |''[[Living in Bondage: Breaking Free|Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa]]''| {{Nom}} | |- |Kyautar Trailblazer || {{Won}} |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2020-03-14 |title=And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ?? |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBellaNaija.com2020">BellaNaija.com (14 March 2020). [https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ "And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ??"]. ''BellaNaija''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> |- | rowspan="4" |[[2020 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayi na Jagora (Turanci) |''Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa''|{{Won}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Ru'ya ta Shekara (Male) ||{{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Actor a matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Nne''| {{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim |''Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa''| {{Nom}} |- |2021 |Darajar Intanet |Mafi Mashahuriyar Actor ||{{Won}} | |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] rup9d50byldmp9b4po13jqxzfmhpa62 820878 820876 2026-04-13T17:32:07Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jideofor Kenechukwu Achufusi''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Oktoba 1991) shi ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Ɗan Najeriya|Na Najeriya]] kuma samfurin, wanda aka sani da '''Swanky JKA.''' . An fi saninsa da hotonsa na Nnamdi Okeke a cikin Living in Bondage: Breaking Free, da kuma Chidi a cikin Kambili: The Whole 30 Yards. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=25 February 2021 |title=KAMBILI: THE WHOLE 30 YARDS |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/kambili_the_whole_30_yards |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=24 September 2021 |website=ROTTEN TOMATOES |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Trailblazer a 2020 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards (AMVCA). == Ayyuka == Asalinsa samfurin, Achufusi ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo ne ta hanyar taka rawa a fina-finai na [[Nollywood]] Poka Messiah, Black Rose, Pretty Little Thing, Ofu Obi da A Lonely Lane . Ya samu ci gaba a shekarar 2019 ta hanyar taka rawar Nnamdi Okeke a fim din Living in Bondage: Breaking Free, wanda ya ba shi kyautar mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da lambar yabo ta Trailblazer, duka biyu a Afirka Magic Viewers' Choice Awards a shekarar 2020. == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |2014 |''Bridges masu cin wuta'' |Manny |Tare da [[Ken Erics]], [[Ivie Okujaye]] |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''Girman da ya ɓace'' |Mai daɗi |Tare da [[Tana Adelana]], [[Eucharia Anunobi]] |- |''Girman da ya ɓace'' |Mai daɗi |Wasan kwaikwayo |- |2016 |''Poka Almasihu'' |Xavier |Tare da [[Jude Thomas Dawam]], Yul Edochie |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''Kyakkyawan Kyakkyawar'' |Mika'ilu |Tare da [[Jide Kosoko]], [[Ngozi Ezeonu]] |- |''Hanyar Makaɗaukaki'' |Kelly |Tare da Uju Anikwe, Juliet Ekeson |- | rowspan="4" |2018 |''[[Black Rose (fim na 2018)|Black Rose]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-03 |title=Black Rose |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2018/06/black-rose.html |access-date=2021-02-20 |website=[[Nollywood Reinvented]]}}</ref> |Nelo |Tare da [[Blossom Chukwujekwu]] |- |''[[Crazy, Lovely, Cool|Hauka, Mai Kyau, Mai Kyawu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okechukwu |first=Daniel |date=2019-12-13 |title='Crazy, Lovely, Cool' is Nollywood's first TV show on Netflix |url=https://culturecustodian.com/crazy-lovely-cool-is-nollywoods-first-tv-show-on-netflix/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=The Culture Custodian}}</ref> |Neo |Soyayya |- |''Babban Rashin Amfani'' | |Wasan kwaikwayo |- |''[[Lionheart (fim na 2018)|Zuciya ta Zaki]]''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2020-03-14 |title=And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ?? |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> |Mai ba da rahoto |Tare da [[Genevieve Nnaji]], [[Nkem Owoh]], [[Pete Edochie]] |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |''Ofuobi'' |Jide |Tare da Victoria Dijey, Chioma Idigo |- |''[[Living in Bondage: Breaking Free|Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-23 |title=Kenneth Okonkwo, Swanky JKA, Kanayo O. Kanayo... Meet the Cast of "Living In Bondage: Breaking Free" |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/10/cast-of-living-in-bondage-breaking-free/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=[[BellaNaija]]}}</ref> |Nnamdi Okeke |Matsayin ci gaba |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |''[[kambili: The Whole 30 Yards|Kambili: Dukan Yards 30]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-04 |title="Kambili: The Whole 30 Yards" New Teaser Stars Nancy Isime, Mawuli Gavor & Swanky JKA |url=https://thelagosreview.ng/kambili-the-whole-30-yards-new-teaser-stars-nancy-isime-mawuli-gavor-swanky-jka/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=[[The Lagos Review]] |language=en-US}}</ref> |Chidi |Tare da [[Mawuli Gavor|Mawuli Gavour]], [[Nancy Isime]] |- |''Bride da Makami'' |Paparoma |Tare da Avira Akpobi, Ifeanyi Anike |- | rowspan="6" |2021 |''[[Dwindle (fim)|Rashin ƙarfi]]'' |Chinedu |Tare da [[Broda Shaggi]] |- |''Rufewa'' |Sam |Tare da Omini Aho, [[Chioma Chukwuka]] |- |''Mummunan yara maza da amarya'' |Olisa |Tare da Rosemary Abazie, Ademola Adedoyin |- |''Ya ce'' |Yomi Taiwo |Tare da Imoudu Ayonote, reshen Femi[[Femi Branch|Rukunin Rukunin]] |- |''Muradin Ejiro'' |Bobby |Tare da Tana Adelana, [[Abayomi Alvin]] |- |''Ƙaunar 'Yar'uwa'' |Jide |Tare da Eucharia Anunobi Ekwu, Jude Thomas Dawam |- | rowspan="6" |2022 |''[[Brother hood 2022)|Ɗan'uwa]]'' |Siman |Tare da Mercy Aigbe, Adebowale Adetayo |- |''[[Money Miss Road|Kudin Miss Road]]'' |Joe |Ayyuka / Comedy |- |''[[Ni Nazzy|Ni Na Na Na Na Rashin]]'' | |Comedy / Romance |- |''Abin farin ciki'' | |Tare da [[Uzor Arukwe]], Emmanuel Blaq |- |''Sarauniyar Oyibo'' | | |- |''[[Ije Awele]]'' |Dubem / Dubar |Tare da [[Victoria Nwogu]], [[Onyeka Onwenu]] |- | rowspan="5" |2023 |''[[A Tribe Called Judah|Ƙabilar da ake kira Yahuza]]'' |Emeka Yahuza |Tare da [[Funke Akindele]] |- |''[[Blood Vessels (fim na 2023)|Jirgin Jini]]'' |Boma |Labari / Wasan kwaikwayo / Mai ban tsoro |- |''Abin sha'awa'' | |[[Chiwetalu Agu|Chiwet Agualu]], Pete Edochie |- |''Butterfly mai zubar da jini'' |Jide |Ernest Obi ne ya shirya shi |- |''Mataimakin Musamman'' |Joel |Tare da Kameel Audu, Aderinoye Babatunde |- |2023 |''Flip Side'' |Chike |Ifeanyi Anike, Chinenye Chukwu |- | rowspan="3" |2024 |''Japa'' |Mezu |Jagora tare da [[Adesua Etomi]] |- |''Ina son ka ba tare da la'akari ba'' | |Tare da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], Francis Atela |- |''Rashin Haske'' | |Umanu Elijah ne ya shirya shiUmanu Iliya |- |2026 |''Aba Blues'' | | |} == Kyaututtuka == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon !Ref |- | rowspan="2" |2018 | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Hanyar Makaɗaukaki''|{{Won}} | |- |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Ofu Obi''|{{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="6" |2020 | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor |''[[Living in Bondage: Breaking Free|Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa]]''| {{Nom}} | |- |Kyautar Trailblazer || {{Won}} |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2020-03-14 |title=And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ?? |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBellaNaija.com2020">BellaNaija.com (14 March 2020). [https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ "And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ??"]. ''BellaNaija''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> |- | rowspan="4" |[[2020 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayi na Jagora (Turanci) |''Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa''|{{Won}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Ru'ya ta Shekara (Male) ||{{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Actor a matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Nne''| {{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim |''Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa''| {{Nom}} |- |2021 |Darajar Intanet |Mafi Mashahuriyar Actor ||{{Won}} | |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] 5wpsz6w1rrf5qr6ppfkhv3a4vsdvdp6 820880 820878 2026-04-13T17:32:52Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jideofor Kenechukwu Achufusi''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Oktoba 1991) shi ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Ɗan Najeriya|Na Najeriya]] kuma samfurin, wanda aka sani da '''Swanky JKA.''' . An fi yawan saninsa da hotonsa na Nnamdi Okeke a cikin Living in Bondage: Breaking Free, da kuma Chidi a cikin Kambili: The Whole 30 Yards. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=25 February 2021 |title=KAMBILI: THE WHOLE 30 YARDS |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/kambili_the_whole_30_yards |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=24 September 2021 |website=ROTTEN TOMATOES |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Trailblazer a 2020 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards (AMVCA). == Ayyuka == Asalinsa samfurin, Achufusi ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo ne ta hanyar taka rawa a fina-finai na [[Nollywood]] Poka Messiah, Black Rose, Pretty Little Thing, Ofu Obi da A Lonely Lane . Ya samu ci gaba a shekarar 2019 ta hanyar taka rawar Nnamdi Okeke a fim din Living in Bondage: Breaking Free, wanda ya ba shi kyautar mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da lambar yabo ta Trailblazer, duka biyu a Afirka Magic Viewers' Choice Awards a shekarar 2020. == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |2014 |''Bridges masu cin wuta'' |Manny |Tare da [[Ken Erics]], [[Ivie Okujaye]] |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''Girman da ya ɓace'' |Mai daɗi |Tare da [[Tana Adelana]], [[Eucharia Anunobi]] |- |''Girman da ya ɓace'' |Mai daɗi |Wasan kwaikwayo |- |2016 |''Poka Almasihu'' |Xavier |Tare da [[Jude Thomas Dawam]], Yul Edochie |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''Kyakkyawan Kyakkyawar'' |Mika'ilu |Tare da [[Jide Kosoko]], [[Ngozi Ezeonu]] |- |''Hanyar Makaɗaukaki'' |Kelly |Tare da Uju Anikwe, Juliet Ekeson |- | rowspan="4" |2018 |''[[Black Rose (fim na 2018)|Black Rose]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-03 |title=Black Rose |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2018/06/black-rose.html |access-date=2021-02-20 |website=[[Nollywood Reinvented]]}}</ref> |Nelo |Tare da [[Blossom Chukwujekwu]] |- |''[[Crazy, Lovely, Cool|Hauka, Mai Kyau, Mai Kyawu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okechukwu |first=Daniel |date=2019-12-13 |title='Crazy, Lovely, Cool' is Nollywood's first TV show on Netflix |url=https://culturecustodian.com/crazy-lovely-cool-is-nollywoods-first-tv-show-on-netflix/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=The Culture Custodian}}</ref> |Neo |Soyayya |- |''Babban Rashin Amfani'' | |Wasan kwaikwayo |- |''[[Lionheart (fim na 2018)|Zuciya ta Zaki]]''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2020-03-14 |title=And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ?? |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> |Mai ba da rahoto |Tare da [[Genevieve Nnaji]], [[Nkem Owoh]], [[Pete Edochie]] |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |''Ofuobi'' |Jide |Tare da Victoria Dijey, Chioma Idigo |- |''[[Living in Bondage: Breaking Free|Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-23 |title=Kenneth Okonkwo, Swanky JKA, Kanayo O. Kanayo... Meet the Cast of "Living In Bondage: Breaking Free" |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/10/cast-of-living-in-bondage-breaking-free/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=[[BellaNaija]]}}</ref> |Nnamdi Okeke |Matsayin ci gaba |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |''[[kambili: The Whole 30 Yards|Kambili: Dukan Yards 30]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-04 |title="Kambili: The Whole 30 Yards" New Teaser Stars Nancy Isime, Mawuli Gavor & Swanky JKA |url=https://thelagosreview.ng/kambili-the-whole-30-yards-new-teaser-stars-nancy-isime-mawuli-gavor-swanky-jka/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=[[The Lagos Review]] |language=en-US}}</ref> |Chidi |Tare da [[Mawuli Gavor|Mawuli Gavour]], [[Nancy Isime]] |- |''Bride da Makami'' |Paparoma |Tare da Avira Akpobi, Ifeanyi Anike |- | rowspan="6" |2021 |''[[Dwindle (fim)|Rashin ƙarfi]]'' |Chinedu |Tare da [[Broda Shaggi]] |- |''Rufewa'' |Sam |Tare da Omini Aho, [[Chioma Chukwuka]] |- |''Mummunan yara maza da amarya'' |Olisa |Tare da Rosemary Abazie, Ademola Adedoyin |- |''Ya ce'' |Yomi Taiwo |Tare da Imoudu Ayonote, reshen Femi[[Femi Branch|Rukunin Rukunin]] |- |''Muradin Ejiro'' |Bobby |Tare da Tana Adelana, [[Abayomi Alvin]] |- |''Ƙaunar 'Yar'uwa'' |Jide |Tare da Eucharia Anunobi Ekwu, Jude Thomas Dawam |- | rowspan="6" |2022 |''[[Brother hood 2022)|Ɗan'uwa]]'' |Siman |Tare da Mercy Aigbe, Adebowale Adetayo |- |''[[Money Miss Road|Kudin Miss Road]]'' |Joe |Ayyuka / Comedy |- |''[[Ni Nazzy|Ni Na Na Na Na Rashin]]'' | |Comedy / Romance |- |''Abin farin ciki'' | |Tare da [[Uzor Arukwe]], Emmanuel Blaq |- |''Sarauniyar Oyibo'' | | |- |''[[Ije Awele]]'' |Dubem / Dubar |Tare da [[Victoria Nwogu]], [[Onyeka Onwenu]] |- | rowspan="5" |2023 |''[[A Tribe Called Judah|Ƙabilar da ake kira Yahuza]]'' |Emeka Yahuza |Tare da [[Funke Akindele]] |- |''[[Blood Vessels (fim na 2023)|Jirgin Jini]]'' |Boma |Labari / Wasan kwaikwayo / Mai ban tsoro |- |''Abin sha'awa'' | |[[Chiwetalu Agu|Chiwet Agualu]], Pete Edochie |- |''Butterfly mai zubar da jini'' |Jide |Ernest Obi ne ya shirya shi |- |''Mataimakin Musamman'' |Joel |Tare da Kameel Audu, Aderinoye Babatunde |- |2023 |''Flip Side'' |Chike |Ifeanyi Anike, Chinenye Chukwu |- | rowspan="3" |2024 |''Japa'' |Mezu |Jagora tare da [[Adesua Etomi]] |- |''Ina son ka ba tare da la'akari ba'' | |Tare da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], Francis Atela |- |''Rashin Haske'' | |Umanu Elijah ne ya shirya shiUmanu Iliya |- |2026 |''Aba Blues'' | | |} == Kyaututtuka == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon !Ref |- | rowspan="2" |2018 | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Hanyar Makaɗaukaki''|{{Won}} | |- |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Ofu Obi''|{{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="6" |2020 | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor |''[[Living in Bondage: Breaking Free|Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa]]''| {{Nom}} | |- |Kyautar Trailblazer || {{Won}} |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2020-03-14 |title=And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ?? |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBellaNaija.com2020">BellaNaija.com (14 March 2020). [https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ "And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ??"]. ''BellaNaija''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> |- | rowspan="4" |[[2020 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayi na Jagora (Turanci) |''Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa''|{{Won}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Ru'ya ta Shekara (Male) ||{{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Actor a matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Nne''| {{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim |''Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa''| {{Nom}} |- |2021 |Darajar Intanet |Mafi Mashahuriyar Actor ||{{Won}} | |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] ezkfnx7dhc73e2gmw4y2wgfjzd81yob 820882 820880 2026-04-13T17:33:30Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jideofor Kenechukwu Achufusi''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Oktoba 1991) shi ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Ɗan Najeriya|Na Najeriya]] kuma samfurin, wanda aka sani da '''Swanky JKA.''' . An fi yawan saninsa da hotonsa na Nnamdi Okeke a cikin Living in Bondage: Breaking Free, da kuma Chidi a cikin Kambili: The Whole 30 Yards. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=25 February 2021 |title=KAMBILI: THE WHOLE 30 YARDS |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/kambili_the_whole_30_yards |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=24 September 2021 |website=ROTTEN TOMATOES |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Trailblazer a 2020 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards (AMVCA). == Ayyuka == Asalinsa samfurin, Achufusi ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo ne ta hanyar taka muhimmiyar rawa a fina-finai na [[Nollywood]] Poka Messiah, Black Rose, Pretty Little Thing, Ofu Obi da A Lonely Lane . Ya samu ci gaba a shekarar 2019 ta hanyar taka rawar Nnamdi Okeke a fim din Living in Bondage: Breaking Free, wanda ya ba shi kyautar mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da lambar yabo ta Trailblazer, duka biyu a Afirka Magic Viewers' Choice Awards a shekarar 2020. == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |2014 |''Bridges masu cin wuta'' |Manny |Tare da [[Ken Erics]], [[Ivie Okujaye]] |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''Girman da ya ɓace'' |Mai daɗi |Tare da [[Tana Adelana]], [[Eucharia Anunobi]] |- |''Girman da ya ɓace'' |Mai daɗi |Wasan kwaikwayo |- |2016 |''Poka Almasihu'' |Xavier |Tare da [[Jude Thomas Dawam]], Yul Edochie |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''Kyakkyawan Kyakkyawar'' |Mika'ilu |Tare da [[Jide Kosoko]], [[Ngozi Ezeonu]] |- |''Hanyar Makaɗaukaki'' |Kelly |Tare da Uju Anikwe, Juliet Ekeson |- | rowspan="4" |2018 |''[[Black Rose (fim na 2018)|Black Rose]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-03 |title=Black Rose |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2018/06/black-rose.html |access-date=2021-02-20 |website=[[Nollywood Reinvented]]}}</ref> |Nelo |Tare da [[Blossom Chukwujekwu]] |- |''[[Crazy, Lovely, Cool|Hauka, Mai Kyau, Mai Kyawu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okechukwu |first=Daniel |date=2019-12-13 |title='Crazy, Lovely, Cool' is Nollywood's first TV show on Netflix |url=https://culturecustodian.com/crazy-lovely-cool-is-nollywoods-first-tv-show-on-netflix/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=The Culture Custodian}}</ref> |Neo |Soyayya |- |''Babban Rashin Amfani'' | |Wasan kwaikwayo |- |''[[Lionheart (fim na 2018)|Zuciya ta Zaki]]''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2020-03-14 |title=And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ?? |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> |Mai ba da rahoto |Tare da [[Genevieve Nnaji]], [[Nkem Owoh]], [[Pete Edochie]] |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |''Ofuobi'' |Jide |Tare da Victoria Dijey, Chioma Idigo |- |''[[Living in Bondage: Breaking Free|Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-23 |title=Kenneth Okonkwo, Swanky JKA, Kanayo O. Kanayo... Meet the Cast of "Living In Bondage: Breaking Free" |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/10/cast-of-living-in-bondage-breaking-free/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=[[BellaNaija]]}}</ref> |Nnamdi Okeke |Matsayin ci gaba |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |''[[kambili: The Whole 30 Yards|Kambili: Dukan Yards 30]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-04 |title="Kambili: The Whole 30 Yards" New Teaser Stars Nancy Isime, Mawuli Gavor & Swanky JKA |url=https://thelagosreview.ng/kambili-the-whole-30-yards-new-teaser-stars-nancy-isime-mawuli-gavor-swanky-jka/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=[[The Lagos Review]] |language=en-US}}</ref> |Chidi |Tare da [[Mawuli Gavor|Mawuli Gavour]], [[Nancy Isime]] |- |''Bride da Makami'' |Paparoma |Tare da Avira Akpobi, Ifeanyi Anike |- | rowspan="6" |2021 |''[[Dwindle (fim)|Rashin ƙarfi]]'' |Chinedu |Tare da [[Broda Shaggi]] |- |''Rufewa'' |Sam |Tare da Omini Aho, [[Chioma Chukwuka]] |- |''Mummunan yara maza da amarya'' |Olisa |Tare da Rosemary Abazie, Ademola Adedoyin |- |''Ya ce'' |Yomi Taiwo |Tare da Imoudu Ayonote, reshen Femi[[Femi Branch|Rukunin Rukunin]] |- |''Muradin Ejiro'' |Bobby |Tare da Tana Adelana, [[Abayomi Alvin]] |- |''Ƙaunar 'Yar'uwa'' |Jide |Tare da Eucharia Anunobi Ekwu, Jude Thomas Dawam |- | rowspan="6" |2022 |''[[Brother hood 2022)|Ɗan'uwa]]'' |Siman |Tare da Mercy Aigbe, Adebowale Adetayo |- |''[[Money Miss Road|Kudin Miss Road]]'' |Joe |Ayyuka / Comedy |- |''[[Ni Nazzy|Ni Na Na Na Na Rashin]]'' | |Comedy / Romance |- |''Abin farin ciki'' | |Tare da [[Uzor Arukwe]], Emmanuel Blaq |- |''Sarauniyar Oyibo'' | | |- |''[[Ije Awele]]'' |Dubem / Dubar |Tare da [[Victoria Nwogu]], [[Onyeka Onwenu]] |- | rowspan="5" |2023 |''[[A Tribe Called Judah|Ƙabilar da ake kira Yahuza]]'' |Emeka Yahuza |Tare da [[Funke Akindele]] |- |''[[Blood Vessels (fim na 2023)|Jirgin Jini]]'' |Boma |Labari / Wasan kwaikwayo / Mai ban tsoro |- |''Abin sha'awa'' | |[[Chiwetalu Agu|Chiwet Agualu]], Pete Edochie |- |''Butterfly mai zubar da jini'' |Jide |Ernest Obi ne ya shirya shi |- |''Mataimakin Musamman'' |Joel |Tare da Kameel Audu, Aderinoye Babatunde |- |2023 |''Flip Side'' |Chike |Ifeanyi Anike, Chinenye Chukwu |- | rowspan="3" |2024 |''Japa'' |Mezu |Jagora tare da [[Adesua Etomi]] |- |''Ina son ka ba tare da la'akari ba'' | |Tare da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], Francis Atela |- |''Rashin Haske'' | |Umanu Elijah ne ya shirya shiUmanu Iliya |- |2026 |''Aba Blues'' | | |} == Kyaututtuka == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon !Ref |- | rowspan="2" |2018 | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Hanyar Makaɗaukaki''|{{Won}} | |- |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Ofu Obi''|{{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="6" |2020 | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor |''[[Living in Bondage: Breaking Free|Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa]]''| {{Nom}} | |- |Kyautar Trailblazer || {{Won}} |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2020-03-14 |title=And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ?? |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBellaNaija.com2020">BellaNaija.com (14 March 2020). [https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ "And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ??"]. ''BellaNaija''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> |- | rowspan="4" |[[2020 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayi na Jagora (Turanci) |''Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa''|{{Won}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Ru'ya ta Shekara (Male) ||{{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Actor a matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Nne''| {{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim |''Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa''| {{Nom}} |- |2021 |Darajar Intanet |Mafi Mashahuriyar Actor ||{{Won}} | |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] 8tgu3ptxlr92aq8rkr1p8vf1etjmxc8 820883 820882 2026-04-13T17:34:17Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 820883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jideofor Kenechukwu Achufusi''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Oktoba 1991) shi ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Ɗan Najeriya|Na Najeriya]] kuma samfurin, wanda aka sani da '''Swanky JKA.''' . An fi yawan saninsa da hotonsa na Nnamdi Okeke a cikin Living in Bondage: Breaking Free, da kuma Chidi a cikin Kambili: The Whole 30 Yards. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=25 February 2021 |title=KAMBILI: THE WHOLE 30 YARDS |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/kambili_the_whole_30_yards |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=24 September 2021 |website=ROTTEN TOMATOES |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Trailblazer a shekarar 2020 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards (AMVCA). == Ayyuka == Asalinsa samfurin, Achufusi ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo ne ta hanyar taka muhimmiyar rawa a fina-finai na [[Nollywood]] Poka Messiah, Black Rose, Pretty Little Thing, Ofu Obi da A Lonely Lane . Ya samu ci gaba a shekarar 2019 ta hanyar taka rawar Nnamdi Okeke a fim din Living in Bondage: Breaking Free, wanda ya ba shi kyautar mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da lambar yabo ta Trailblazer, duka biyu a Afirka Magic Viewers' Choice Awards a shekarar 2020. == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |2014 |''Bridges masu cin wuta'' |Manny |Tare da [[Ken Erics]], [[Ivie Okujaye]] |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''Girman da ya ɓace'' |Mai daɗi |Tare da [[Tana Adelana]], [[Eucharia Anunobi]] |- |''Girman da ya ɓace'' |Mai daɗi |Wasan kwaikwayo |- |2016 |''Poka Almasihu'' |Xavier |Tare da [[Jude Thomas Dawam]], Yul Edochie |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''Kyakkyawan Kyakkyawar'' |Mika'ilu |Tare da [[Jide Kosoko]], [[Ngozi Ezeonu]] |- |''Hanyar Makaɗaukaki'' |Kelly |Tare da Uju Anikwe, Juliet Ekeson |- | rowspan="4" |2018 |''[[Black Rose (fim na 2018)|Black Rose]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-03 |title=Black Rose |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2018/06/black-rose.html |access-date=2021-02-20 |website=[[Nollywood Reinvented]]}}</ref> |Nelo |Tare da [[Blossom Chukwujekwu]] |- |''[[Crazy, Lovely, Cool|Hauka, Mai Kyau, Mai Kyawu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okechukwu |first=Daniel |date=2019-12-13 |title='Crazy, Lovely, Cool' is Nollywood's first TV show on Netflix |url=https://culturecustodian.com/crazy-lovely-cool-is-nollywoods-first-tv-show-on-netflix/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=The Culture Custodian}}</ref> |Neo |Soyayya |- |''Babban Rashin Amfani'' | |Wasan kwaikwayo |- |''[[Lionheart (fim na 2018)|Zuciya ta Zaki]]''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2020-03-14 |title=And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ?? |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> |Mai ba da rahoto |Tare da [[Genevieve Nnaji]], [[Nkem Owoh]], [[Pete Edochie]] |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |''Ofuobi'' |Jide |Tare da Victoria Dijey, Chioma Idigo |- |''[[Living in Bondage: Breaking Free|Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-23 |title=Kenneth Okonkwo, Swanky JKA, Kanayo O. Kanayo... Meet the Cast of "Living In Bondage: Breaking Free" |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/10/cast-of-living-in-bondage-breaking-free/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=[[BellaNaija]]}}</ref> |Nnamdi Okeke |Matsayin ci gaba |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |''[[kambili: The Whole 30 Yards|Kambili: Dukan Yards 30]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-04 |title="Kambili: The Whole 30 Yards" New Teaser Stars Nancy Isime, Mawuli Gavor & Swanky JKA |url=https://thelagosreview.ng/kambili-the-whole-30-yards-new-teaser-stars-nancy-isime-mawuli-gavor-swanky-jka/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=[[The Lagos Review]] |language=en-US}}</ref> |Chidi |Tare da [[Mawuli Gavor|Mawuli Gavour]], [[Nancy Isime]] |- |''Bride da Makami'' |Paparoma |Tare da Avira Akpobi, Ifeanyi Anike |- | rowspan="6" |2021 |''[[Dwindle (fim)|Rashin ƙarfi]]'' |Chinedu |Tare da [[Broda Shaggi]] |- |''Rufewa'' |Sam |Tare da Omini Aho, [[Chioma Chukwuka]] |- |''Mummunan yara maza da amarya'' |Olisa |Tare da Rosemary Abazie, Ademola Adedoyin |- |''Ya ce'' |Yomi Taiwo |Tare da Imoudu Ayonote, reshen Femi[[Femi Branch|Rukunin Rukunin]] |- |''Muradin Ejiro'' |Bobby |Tare da Tana Adelana, [[Abayomi Alvin]] |- |''Ƙaunar 'Yar'uwa'' |Jide |Tare da Eucharia Anunobi Ekwu, Jude Thomas Dawam |- | rowspan="6" |2022 |''[[Brother hood 2022)|Ɗan'uwa]]'' |Siman |Tare da Mercy Aigbe, Adebowale Adetayo |- |''[[Money Miss Road|Kudin Miss Road]]'' |Joe |Ayyuka / Comedy |- |''[[Ni Nazzy|Ni Na Na Na Na Rashin]]'' | |Comedy / Romance |- |''Abin farin ciki'' | |Tare da [[Uzor Arukwe]], Emmanuel Blaq |- |''Sarauniyar Oyibo'' | | |- |''[[Ije Awele]]'' |Dubem / Dubar |Tare da [[Victoria Nwogu]], [[Onyeka Onwenu]] |- | rowspan="5" |2023 |''[[A Tribe Called Judah|Ƙabilar da ake kira Yahuza]]'' |Emeka Yahuza |Tare da [[Funke Akindele]] |- |''[[Blood Vessels (fim na 2023)|Jirgin Jini]]'' |Boma |Labari / Wasan kwaikwayo / Mai ban tsoro |- |''Abin sha'awa'' | |[[Chiwetalu Agu|Chiwet Agualu]], Pete Edochie |- |''Butterfly mai zubar da jini'' |Jide |Ernest Obi ne ya shirya shi |- |''Mataimakin Musamman'' |Joel |Tare da Kameel Audu, Aderinoye Babatunde |- |2023 |''Flip Side'' |Chike |Ifeanyi Anike, Chinenye Chukwu |- | rowspan="3" |2024 |''Japa'' |Mezu |Jagora tare da [[Adesua Etomi]] |- |''Ina son ka ba tare da la'akari ba'' | |Tare da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], Francis Atela |- |''Rashin Haske'' | |Umanu Elijah ne ya shirya shiUmanu Iliya |- |2026 |''Aba Blues'' | | |} == Kyaututtuka == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon !Ref |- | rowspan="2" |2018 | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Hanyar Makaɗaukaki''|{{Won}} | |- |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Ofu Obi''|{{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="6" |2020 | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor |''[[Living in Bondage: Breaking Free|Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa]]''| {{Nom}} | |- |Kyautar Trailblazer || {{Won}} |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2020-03-14 |title=And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ?? |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBellaNaija.com2020">BellaNaija.com (14 March 2020). [https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ "And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ??"]. ''BellaNaija''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> |- | rowspan="4" |[[2020 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayi na Jagora (Turanci) |''Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa''|{{Won}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Ru'ya ta Shekara (Male) ||{{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Actor a matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Nne''| {{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim |''Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa''| {{Nom}} |- |2021 |Darajar Intanet |Mafi Mashahuriyar Actor ||{{Won}} | |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] d400jlkvukp9ng5e2ivm7unriwxe6ds 0 58273 820829 504759 2026-04-13T14:56:08Z ~2026-22669-36 43948 /* Rayuwarsa */ 820829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:ABU-honours-117-staff-tomorrow-1.pdf|thumb|kyaitutukan malaman ABU]] [[Fayil:Senator Mamman B- Ali 2014-01-21 00-09.jpg|thumb|Mamman Bello Ali]] '''Mamman Bello Ali''' (1958 &#x2013; 26 Janairu 2009) [[Shi'a|shi]] ne [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Sanatan]] [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya]] mai wakiltar [[Yoweri Museveni|Yobe]] ta Kudu. Ya [[Kasancewa|kasance]] shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattijai kan asusun jama'a daga [[Shekara|shekarar]] 1999 zuwa 2007, sannan gwamnan jihar Yobe daga shekara ta 2007 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 2009. Har wayau ya kasance memba a jam'iyyar All [[Nigeria]] Peoples Party (ANPP). == Rayuwarsa == An haifi Mamman Ali a shekarar 1958 a Jimeta garin Adamawa, Najeriya. Mamman ya zauna ne a gidan mahaifinsa a garin Jimeta mafi rayuwarsa acan yayi, a wasu lokutan Yana tareda abokinsa Alhaji Mouktar Garba Ibrahim dan gidan Attah. Wa 'yannan sune wurare biyun da aka fi samun sa karfin wafatinsa. Mamman yayi wafati a ranar ashirin da shida na watan Janairu a shekarar 2009 lokacin da yake karban kulawan asibiti na cutar leukemia a ƙasar Florida.<ref><nowiki>https://www.pointblanknews.com/Tributes/tribute4.html</nowiki></ref> === Asalin Ilimi === Mamman Bello Ali yayi karatun firamare da ta sakandiri a garin Jimeta, yaje makarantan Numan craft dake garin Gongola Mamman yaje Kaduna Polytechnic domin kammala diplomarsa ta biyu wato Higher National Diploma (HND).<ref>https://www.manpower.com.ng/people/15861/mamman-bello-ali</ref> a shekara ta 1982, ya kuma karasa bautan ƙasa (NYSC) a nan garin Kaduna daga baya kuma ya fara aiki a Abuja, Nigeria. ==Mutuwa== Yana jinyar cutar sankarar [[Sankaran Bargo (Leukemia)|bargo]] a wani asibitin [[Florida]] lokacin da ya rasu. <ref>[http://nigeriavillagesquare.com/forum/threads/yobe-state-governor-mamman-bello-ali-51-dies-in-a-florida-hospital-of-leukemia.29030/ Yobe State Governor, Mamman Bello Ali, 51, Dies in a Florida Hospital of Leukemia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920195738/http://nigeriavillagesquare.com/forum/threads/yobe-state-governor-mamman-bello-ali-51-dies-in-a-florida-hospital-of-leukemia.29030/ |date=2018-09-20 }}</ref> == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Gwamnonin jihar Yobe]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2009]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1958]] eg5dzi0vo7hg68d7eodvdq8hjo8d5hy 820830 820829 2026-04-13T14:57:18Z ~2026-22669-36 43948 /* Rayuwarsa */ 820830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:ABU-honours-117-staff-tomorrow-1.pdf|thumb|kyaitutukan malaman ABU]] [[Fayil:Senator Mamman B- Ali 2014-01-21 00-09.jpg|thumb|Mamman Bello Ali]] '''Mamman Bello Ali''' (1958 &#x2013; 26 Janairu 2009) [[Shi'a|shi]] ne [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Sanatan]] [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya]] mai wakiltar [[Yoweri Museveni|Yobe]] ta Kudu. Ya [[Kasancewa|kasance]] shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattijai kan asusun jama'a daga [[Shekara|shekarar]] 1999 zuwa 2007, sannan gwamnan jihar Yobe daga shekara ta 2007 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 2009. Har wayau ya kasance memba a jam'iyyar All [[Nigeria]] Peoples Party (ANPP). == Rayuwarsa == An haifi Mamman Ali a shekarar 1958 a Jimeta garin Adamawa, Najeriya. Mamman ya zauna ne a gidan mahaifinsa a garin Jimeta mafi rayuwarsa acan yayi, a wasu lokutan Yana tareda abokinsa Alhaji Mouktar Garba Ibrahim dan gidan Attah. Wa ƴannan sune wurare biyun da aka fi samun sa karfin wafatinsa. Mamman yayi wafati a ranar ashirin da shida na watan Janairu a shekarar 2009 lokacin da yake karban kulawan asibiti na cutar leukemia a ƙasar Florida.<ref><nowiki>https://www.pointblanknews.com/Tributes/tribute4.html</nowiki></ref> === Asalin Ilimi === Mamman Bello Ali yayi karatun firamare da ta sakandiri a garin Jimeta, yaje makarantan Numan craft dake garin Gongola Mamman yaje Kaduna Polytechnic domin kammala diplomarsa ta biyu wato Higher National Diploma (HND).<ref>https://www.manpower.com.ng/people/15861/mamman-bello-ali</ref> a shekara ta 1982, ya kuma karasa bautan ƙasa (NYSC) a nan garin Kaduna daga baya kuma ya fara aiki a Abuja, Nigeria. ==Mutuwa== Yana jinyar cutar sankarar [[Sankaran Bargo (Leukemia)|bargo]] a wani asibitin [[Florida]] lokacin da ya rasu. <ref>[http://nigeriavillagesquare.com/forum/threads/yobe-state-governor-mamman-bello-ali-51-dies-in-a-florida-hospital-of-leukemia.29030/ Yobe State Governor, Mamman Bello Ali, 51, Dies in a Florida Hospital of Leukemia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920195738/http://nigeriavillagesquare.com/forum/threads/yobe-state-governor-mamman-bello-ali-51-dies-in-a-florida-hospital-of-leukemia.29030/ |date=2018-09-20 }}</ref> == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Gwamnonin jihar Yobe]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2009]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1958]] f9mb6fdh3qcdyunsry5bkes1dg6fw9q 0 62113 820845 820652 2026-04-13T17:00:20Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko (bara) == Manazararta== c1j3blwrgk91yvcqgx8gne7y8ru8shc 820846 820845 2026-04-13T17:01:17Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko (bara) tana nufin, == Manazararta== qp0yeoq9hwq8prqn2cuw2mspfypybre 820847 820846 2026-04-13T17:02:00Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko (bara) tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata == Manazararta== q9n664aqf22ury1ob8q8gm9pwqtjrqj 820848 820847 2026-04-13T17:02:45Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko (bara) tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa, == Manazararta== 6rtumydwvzyfa35t2l8s30vnqeh397z 820849 820848 2026-04-13T17:03:59Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko (bara) tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' == Manazararta== 167tmv5li24ja9cd1s2knp5d980crw4 820850 820849 2026-04-13T17:04:50Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin == Manazararta== py6q9udrim6o4upqzdd7qiiddubjsvk 820851 820850 2026-04-13T17:06:16Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko == Manazararta== o36563vgwxxqa5ayrs3krgz09ltd401 820852 820851 2026-04-13T17:07:47Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. == Manazararta== 12uph289apamd85z7lx7stn1vu4w64j 820853 820852 2026-04-13T17:09:14Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya == Manazararta== 65gw4ltgl7q7n3noivr05vttsrgmb0u 820854 820853 2026-04-13T17:09:36Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, == Manazararta== im99dz59zvbmtub8uk83jiej9xo4mt7 820855 820854 2026-04-13T17:10:36Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma == Manazararta== ixrwjgefmxyq3pe0fij0d72858h8j1y 820856 820855 2026-04-13T17:11:49Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba == Manazararta== g9sukl1g8dfyu4oif9msubw98vp8bij 820857 820856 2026-04-13T17:12:35Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce == Manazararta== ev6726qohtmf5nm2wtklelzrs6nnobt 820858 820857 2026-04-13T17:14:38Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko == Manazararta== fj7bnkw7gozjwarm299i24jqa8jcubp 820859 820858 2026-04-13T17:15:50Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida == Manazararta== r2c5gt7e3dixb3puzjtvm89fpcdng6i 820860 820859 2026-04-13T17:16:39Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta == Manazararta== m6lm59cyg47s33l405nxuztqttew3c5 820861 820860 2026-04-13T17:17:28Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. == Manazararta== 2egvz5bxs8dqgnlqdy0y3py5azzyrki 820862 820861 2026-04-13T17:18:06Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: == Manazararta== 2vf230omi6do8icyq87flr8ek4c0q4f 820863 820862 2026-04-13T17:19:39Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' == Manazararta== 7rf0z4vd716h1njvq3nip0n5l1fxtte 820864 820863 2026-04-13T17:20:20Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba == Manazararta== l7mx0ilnudpt94579snii7a4bclddey 820865 820864 2026-04-13T17:21:16Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da da harufa == Manazararta== asqi1o1s37avc0mtm54y1q3f1s2m3cz 820868 820865 2026-04-13T17:23:15Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: # '''Raba Kalma''' raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) == Manazararta== 6kuw7s4akj0sysc86nlva30b1duppkf 820871 820868 2026-04-13T17:25:49Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ===Raba Kalma=== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) == Manazararta== k5b9qkeqhesgcmnifyctwscayd9opr1 820873 820871 2026-04-13T17:26:50Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ===Raba Kalma=== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) == Manazararta== 7voa17pzya63quvod074axvctaqt8q9 820875 820873 2026-04-13T17:30:15Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) == Manazararta== srurqev6dxm3743keq3rarnhdfnudfd 820877 820875 2026-04-13T17:30:53Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.1Raba Kalma */ 820877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. # '''Hade Kalma''' hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) == Manazararta== 3p8srq0aq6yqsct2tkd1x8m3vwf5obg 820879 820877 2026-04-13T17:32:33Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.1 Raba Kalma */ 820879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) == Manazararta== qz45w264s4bd35c3j2tkb5cuylkbwy1 820881 820879 2026-04-13T17:33:21Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.0 Rabawa Da Hade Kalma */ 820881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Yarda ake amfani da shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) == Manazararta== 455s0iqdcu74i5ortggkteqr7eq97by 820884 820881 2026-04-13T17:38:53Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa */ 820884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) == Manazararta== 70cir7xg1ti51qajvpy3mii6lqlk9w6 820885 820884 2026-04-13T17:39:47Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.1 Raba Kalma */ 820885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) == Manazararta== 0i9cl6zk6v6nnqmpu4r441ttrr0sn0t 820886 820885 2026-04-13T17:41:41Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 2.2 Hade Kalma */ 820886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) ==```Shaddatun Bakaken Hausa'''== == Manazararta== k4f1q94nzb7hnx0xpcubhjmgdgxv8p3 820887 820886 2026-04-13T17:42:21Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* ```Shaddatun Bakaken Hausa */ 820887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) ===```Shaddatun Bakaken Hausa'''=== == Manazararta== ndiipnha9asscq5fcxbf4kr9hfmmbpy 820888 820887 2026-04-13T17:43:17Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* ```Shaddatun Bakaken Hausa */ 820888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) ===```3.0 Shaddatun Bakaken Hausa'''=== == Manazararta== 02czq6mergfl9h4gl3yyzjbqg2ejt8o 820889 820888 2026-04-13T17:44:59Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* ```3.0 Shaddatun Bakaken Hausa */ 820889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) ==```3.0 Shaddatun Bakaken Hausa'''== == Manazararta== l6qopmbpscztqlvw2czye89x2sl7lza 820891 820889 2026-04-13T17:46:59Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* ```3.0 Shaddatun Bakaken Hausa */ 820891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) ==```3.0 Shaddatun Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda == Manazararta== 10ehhy03cjz05l2nkzfv6mpvquaw6s9 820892 820891 2026-04-13T17:49:19Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* ```3.0 Shaddatun Bakaken Hausa */ 820892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda == Manazararta== e5lh31nbmp385fh3a9j85a7ouqmm3oy 820893 820892 2026-04-13T18:09:40Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Bakaken Hausa */ 820893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da == Manazararta== bt02z058x283v96qxf2v816hiq4ktx3 820894 820893 2026-04-13T18:10:34Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Bakaken Hausa */ 820894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko == Manazararta== 8feg6pm7aahr36tlo44kcldas81vx5j 820895 820894 2026-04-13T18:13:12Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Bakaken Hausa */ 820895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Shi dai == Manazararta== h2tfj1o1bmmhmfq5uv5arwzik30rarb 820896 820895 2026-04-13T18:14:18Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa */ 820896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Shi dai == Manazararta== euzlupl8yml5oq0qztsj695cry55bou 820898 820896 2026-04-13T18:15:53Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka == Manazararta== kmraiyi5arh3wei9vij8w16d5hckadh 820899 820898 2026-04-13T18:16:44Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin == Manazararta== 6m97bld9lfltzemkofxhcosqgmcnok8 820900 820899 2026-04-13T18:18:25Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. == Manazararta== 2ccn1qs236ybqk3dwmurs41udex1kn4 820901 820900 2026-04-13T18:26:37Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa == Manazararta== 3qixm9gnmdd6prmtvzxjy71pjk39guv 820902 820901 2026-04-13T18:27:43Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: == Manazararta== b5r02g8eqel18r75b211r6uoo3bbrs2 820903 820902 2026-04-13T18:32:13Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh; gw: == Manazararta== 3sz20h8tsua89oc2bjmdn83sq196oo5 820906 820903 2026-04-13T18:35:37Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, gw, gy, == Manazararta== 2nq66lpphoxjaz307pua2jivzypavoz 820908 820906 2026-04-13T18:43:58Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, == Manazararta== kk2m4bb35rjh9f0g1vpx2e5cnjrwyla 820909 820908 2026-04-13T18:51:01Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, == Manazararta== cnz75fjkm788vslg2rq1v6sr1bitkdp 820910 820909 2026-04-13T18:52:03Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ta, == Manazararta== k999xbtcjaq7oth2twfmjkh548lpad0 820912 820910 2026-04-13T19:08:07Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da sauransu. == Manazararta== 0f3gbereb5e4rs49sk4wtb33ksybm3c 820913 820912 2026-04-13T19:17:33Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A nan mufahimci cewa, idan == Manazararta== em34yp2i7fgcp8i2qxpeo9c4ppy1osd 820914 820913 2026-04-13T19:31:24Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda nan mufahimci cewa, idan == Manazararta== 4konni6qkurb6nyu8s2sxjriusfwj3d 820915 820914 2026-04-13T19:32:44Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a yinan mufahimci cewa, idan == Manazararta== gm2auxg72u69mdfg2vh0h7v1u2dsjtw 820916 820915 2026-04-13T19:34:23Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurin == Manazararta== 49lad4x3emq500fk5k0sv8cy4j9jbib 820917 820916 2026-04-13T19:36:19Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli == Manazararta== lpxsdy27dpwfnypcfym6swvjvnzcrdq 820918 820917 2026-04-13T19:38:04Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. == Manazararta== if95w4iklhfnea41gpjic40tpw0rhv7 820919 820918 2026-04-13T19:45:49Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka''' == Manazararta== rbgm8r745i89rk29gk1kn87z8phi9zn 820920 820919 2026-04-13T19:47:11Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka''' *'''mashasshar'': == Manazararta== guowdte037as1a6vgp7hrctrzs36qhk 820921 820920 2026-04-13T19:49:46Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka''' *'''mashasshara'': "'''fyaffyade''' == Manazararta== s5ktelew6l3x55qh5jminneakn2lgfy 820922 820921 2026-04-13T19:51:38Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka''' *'''mashasshara''' "'''fyaffyade''' *'''gwggwale''' == Manazararta== 682sj0d1phwby652rqhvnf2fr28xstw 820923 820922 2026-04-13T20:06:26Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka''' *'''mashasshara''' *'''fyaffyade''' *'''gwggwale''' *'''kwakkwada''' == Manazararta== 53fgj6nme0hz2rbq0013obpjx0k27zp 820924 820923 2026-04-13T20:07:37Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka''' *'''mashasshara''' *'''fyaffyade''' *'''gwggwale''' *'''kwakkwada''' *'''gyaggyabi''' == Manazararta== 72ifufg988y8b94hi0u16q4vs8e4a8r 820925 820924 2026-04-13T20:10:17Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka''' *'''mashasshara''' *'''fyaffyade''' *'''gwggwale''' *'''kwakkwada''' *'''gyaggyabi''' *'''kwakkwafe''' == Manazararta== pe61mdwmviiswjlqsr9q6jqq2d2kxsp 820926 820925 2026-04-13T20:10:57Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka''' *'''mashasshara''' *'''fyaffyade''' *'''gwggwale''' *'''gyaggyabi''' *'''kwakkwafe''' == Manazararta== tktf9tpd9eydwpqztxymyaw1ogxgx6o 820927 820926 2026-04-13T20:13:16Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka''' *'''mashasshara''' *'''fyaffyade''' *'''gwggwale''' *'''gyaggyabi''' *'''kwakkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa''' == Manazararta== 17a2fe0r3a96w9pdxu7ddkxv5ymzopy 820928 820927 2026-04-13T20:14:43Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka''' *'''mashasshara''' *'''fyaffyade''' *'''gwggwale''' *'''gyaggyabi''' *'''kwakkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa''' *'''tsattsewala''' == Manazararta== 3ziq7jxlh7i03r938yal2kwurvr86gv 820929 820928 2026-04-13T20:17:20Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara''' *'''fyaffyade''' *'''gwggwale''' *'''gyaggyabi''' *'''kwakkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa''' *'''tsattsewala''' == Manazararta== 6bjoxw88s7di4htrlq8lol3l0py7v31 820930 820929 2026-04-13T20:18:17Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' *'''fyaffyade,''' *'''gwggwale''' *'''gyaggyabi''' *'''kwakkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa''' *'''tsattsewala''' == Manazararta== tjhwg843wr2uxrliilglj58arzn2drg 820931 820930 2026-04-13T20:18:49Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' *'''fyaffyade,''' *'''gwggwale,''' *'''gyaggyabi,''' *'''kwakkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa''' *'''tsattsewala''' == Manazararta== 6vsivjmu53wmric41mgajgc913ahxir 820932 820931 2026-04-13T20:19:33Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' *'''fyaffyade,''' *'''gwggwale,''' *'''gyaggyabi,''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' *'''tsattsewala,''' == Manazararta== 3o1vgy62qt0cc8mpl9du0orv2fmfhkj 820933 820932 2026-04-13T20:20:38Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: *'''fyaffyade,''' *'''gwggwale,''' *'''gyaggyabi,''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' *'''tsattsewala,''' == Manazararta== st7no5f3f1f7p5k2vvta7c1zfsqdg80 820934 820933 2026-04-13T20:21:35Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: *'''gwggwale,''' *'''gyaggyabi,''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' *'''tsattsewala,''' == Manazararta== 5gdxehkhtv9lou5u4f4dpsvx07ineps 820935 820934 2026-04-13T20:22:43Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: *'''gyaggyabi,''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' *'''tsattsewala,''' == Manazararta== jpywbvts1p6qqb27irpvkgilm4dngay 820939 820935 2026-04-13T20:24:08Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: *'''gyaggyabi,''' kar a rubuta: *'''kwakkwafe,''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' *'''tsattsewala,''' == Manazararta== sd9uo7jfw8umsqx3cxi61fq1mjz8vlw 820942 820939 2026-04-13T20:25:07Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: *'''gyaggyabi,''' kar a rubuta: *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: *'''kyakkyawa,''' *'''tsattsewala,''' == Manazararta== fbiusqp8o7n572ajprhnc5kw41s37z6 820946 820942 2026-04-13T20:26:09Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: *'''gyaggyabi,''' kar a rubuta: *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: *'''tsattsewala,''' == Manazararta== abbahits36azef5cnxaewuycupgltk2 820949 820946 2026-04-13T20:27:07Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: *'''gyaggyabi,''' kar a rubuta: *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: == Manazararta== foj14wkym6mknea4lzx2ipuel86jds7 820956 820949 2026-04-13T20:31:03Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara''' *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: *'''gyaggyabi,''' kar a rubuta: *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: == Manazararta== sv327hxd68qyw9vekpvxjmnzxdg54bq 820958 820956 2026-04-13T20:32:30Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara''' *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade''' *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: *'''gyaggyabi,''' kar a rubuta: *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: == Manazararta== 6213w9arzitu492xw71lwb57fi8rh0g 820959 820958 2026-04-13T20:33:34Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara''' *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade''' *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale''' *'''gyaggyabi,''' kar a rubuta: *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: == Manazararta== 3b7cq0bgufl0g6ome4obefxu3rg6nkt 820960 820959 2026-04-13T20:34:45Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara''' *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade''' *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale''' *'''gyaggyabi,''' kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyabi''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: == Manazararta== 1vb831pa3ih7imi8slyxjepqtn5yfnn 820961 820960 2026-04-13T20:35:57Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara''' *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade''' *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale''' *'''gyaggyabi,''' kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyabi''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: == Manazararta== 8jqv4qlx5rpgnxndfhb6x3wno4hcjid 820962 820961 2026-04-13T20:38:27Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara''' *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade''' *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale''' *'''gyaggyabi,''' kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyabi''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa''' *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala == Manazararta== l0h0qkaaqf4bz5kg28hph8dk4r4krq3 820988 820962 2026-04-13T22:31:18Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara''' *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade''' *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale''' *'''gyaggyara,''' kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyara''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa''' *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala == Manazararta== rk21dnx0h3lplm8tdepc34c5lrirkxz 820989 820988 2026-04-13T22:37:03Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa */ 820989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara''' *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade''' *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale''' *'''gyaggyara,''' kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyara''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa''' *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala''' =='''Mallala'''== == Manazararta== b211qbtt2ncfxbw5xs27715j4vg0gnt 820990 820989 2026-04-13T22:38:09Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Mallala */ 820990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara''' *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade''' *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale''' *'''gyaggyara,''' kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyara''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa''' *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala''' =='''4.0 Mallala'''== == Manazararta== 0dvgaxwxcq4hudw1pqd2lxbpxi15byy 820991 820990 2026-04-13T22:40:08Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 4.0 Mallala */ 820991 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara''' *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade''' *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale''' *'''gyaggyara,''' kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyara''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa''' *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala''' =='''4.0 Mallala'''== Mallaka == Manazararta== azs5hfkezmb1mp43sxwwdbca8g2rclf 821001 820991 2026-04-13T23:24:58Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 4.0 Mallala */ 821001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara''' *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade''' *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale''' *'''gyaggyara,''' kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyara''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa''' *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala''' =='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''== Kalmomin Mallaka, == Manazararta== potoa8defwoau972he69jbmngerv6ll 821002 821001 2026-04-13T23:26:00Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka */ 821002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara''' *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade''' *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale''' *'''gyaggyara,''' kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyara''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa''' *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala''' =='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''== Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake == Manazararta== 5ryfjh15po8sqioti8n57pk81c52nwx 821003 821002 2026-04-13T23:27:44Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka */ 821003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara''' *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade''' *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale''' *'''gyaggyara,''' kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyara''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa''' *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala''' =='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''== Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna a == Manazararta== 3lt6lr8nj6bojad0gkshcsufg8qpknv 821004 821003 2026-04-13T23:30:25Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka */ 821004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara''' *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade''' *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale''' *'''gyaggyara,''' kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyara''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa''' *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala''' =='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''== Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. == Manazararta== 6fc0br29njhmweeb0ez5xedzyxsq27q 821005 821004 2026-04-13T23:32:14Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka */ 821005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara''' *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade''' *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale''' *'''gyaggyara,''' kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyara''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa''' *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala''' =='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''== Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa == Manazararta== h5lz2ym48b1vcflrhqsfc7ad33cwehs 821006 821005 2026-04-13T23:34:31Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka */ 821006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara''' *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade''' *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale''' *'''gyaggyara,''' kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyara''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa''' *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala''' =='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''== Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da ha == Manazararta== lfirsb45kfvyy6f9du1neu0o4bb97ic 821007 821006 2026-04-13T23:35:36Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka */ 821007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara''' *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade''' *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale''' *'''gyaggyara,''' kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyara''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa''' *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala''' =='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''== Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da hanyoyi biyu == Manazararta== 7syd6wojxfmsj1wnkhc9b4pvtj9qmc0 821008 821007 2026-04-13T23:36:39Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka */ 821008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara''' *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade''' *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale''' *'''gyaggyara,''' kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyara''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa''' *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala''' =='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''== Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da hanyoyi biyu domin samar da rubutu mai == Manazararta== 37o2kuc74t59gnggomhv25xrll6o9ur 821009 821008 2026-04-13T23:39:03Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka */ 821009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara''' *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade''' *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale''' *'''gyaggyara,''' kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyara''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa''' *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala''' =='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''== Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da hanyoyi biyu domin samar da rubutu mai inganci. Don haka, muna da gajerar == Manazararta== dzb4ee0rdw857e1zedae2wkfrwlm513 821010 821009 2026-04-13T23:42:19Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka */ 821010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara''' *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade''' *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale''' *'''gyaggyara,''' kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyara''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa''' *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala''' =='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''== Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da hanyoyi biyu domin samar da rubutu mai inganci. Don haka, muna da gajerar mallaka da kuma doguwar mallaka. ===4.1 Gajerar mallaka=== == Manazararta== 7aslssl6qsl7wgcuu88uglku38s4mmd 821011 821010 2026-04-13T23:45:55Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 4.1 Gajerar mallaka */ 821011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara''' *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade''' *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale''' *'''gyaggyara,''' kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyara''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa''' *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala''' =='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''== Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da hanyoyi biyu domin samar da rubutu mai inganci. Don haka, muna da gajerar mallaka da kuma doguwar mallaka. ===4.1 Gajerar mallaka=== Gajerar mallaka, ita ake hade Kalmar == Manazararta== jwn0sqtywehgtb1gr0iplmh7503p808 821012 821011 2026-04-13T23:46:46Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka */ 821012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara''' *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade''' *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale''' *'''gyaggyara,''' kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyara''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa''' *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala''' =='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''== Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da hanyoyi biyu domin samar da rubutu mai inganci. Don haka, muna da gajerar mallaka da kuma doguwar mallaka. ===4.1 Gajerar mallaka=== Gajerar mallaka, ita ake hade Kalmar abinda aka == Manazararta== fivb37xo5cuxx8o2jwx77hzfw4ced7a 821013 821012 2026-04-13T23:50:17Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka */ 821013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara''' *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade''' *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale''' *'''gyaggyara,''' kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyara''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa''' *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala''' =='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''== Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da hanyoyi biyu domin samar da rubutu mai inganci. Don haka, muna da gajerar mallaka da kuma doguwar mallaka. ===4.1 Gajerar mallaka=== Gajerar mallaka, ita ake hade Kalmar abinda aka mallaka da wakilin sunan abin da aka mallaka da wakilin sunan wanda yai mallaka == Manazararta== sa174t22htvnz6tfzy4p6mh7tw0uuqy 821014 821013 2026-04-13T23:50:53Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka */ 821014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Ka'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ka'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Wakafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-dori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-dori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''== Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka: *'''Shasshka,''' kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,, *'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara''' *'''fyaffyade,''' kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade''' *'''gwggwale,''' kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale''' *'''gyaggyara,''' kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyara''' *'''kwakkwafe,''' kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe''' *'''kyakkyawa,''' kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa''' *'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala''' =='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''== Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da hanyoyi biyu domin samar da rubutu mai inganci. Don haka, muna da gajerar mallaka da kuma doguwar mallaka. ===4.1 Gajerar mallaka=== Gajerar mallaka, ita ake hade Kalmar abinda aka mallaka da wakilin sunan abin da aka mallaka da wakilin sunan wanda yai mallaka a guri daya. == Manazararta== jlqixilmkjfpy7kbnuzxctmzaz30sf6 0 64172 821022 791535 2026-04-14T05:24:21Z Saad Nuhu 43323 sabon wallafa akan dan kwallon kafa na England 821022 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Celebration! (54493257432) (Jarrad Branthwaite).jpg|thumb|Jarrad Branthwaite]] {{Infobox football biography | name = Jarrad Branthwaite | full_name = Jarrad Paul Branthwaite | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2002|6|27}} | birth_place = Carlisle, Ingila | position = Mai tsaron baya (Centre-back) | currentclub = Everton | clubnumber = 32 | youthyears1 = 2013–2019 | youthclubs1 = Carlisle United | years1 = 2019–2020 | clubs1 = Carlisle United | caps1 = 9 | goals1 = 1 | years2 = 2020– | clubs2 = Everton | caps2 = 60 | goals2 = 4 | years3 = 2022 | clubs3 = → Blackburn Rovers (aro) | caps3 = 10 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2022–2023 | clubs4 = → PSV (aro) | caps4 = 27 | goals4 = 3 | nationalyears1 = 2020 | nationalteam1 = Ingila U19 | nationalcaps1 = 1 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2021–2023 | nationalteam2 = Ingila U21 | nationalcaps2 = 8 | nationalgoals2 = 0 }} '''Jarrad Paul Branthwaite''' (an haife shi 27 ga Yuni 2002) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar [[Ingila]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya (centre-back) ga kulob din [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] a gasar [[Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jarrad Branthwaite Profile |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/players/ |publisher=Everton FC |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> ==Rayuwar Farko== An haifi Branthwaite a birnin Carlisle na ƙasar Ingila. Ya fara buga ƙwallo tun yana ƙarami inda ya shiga makarantar horas da matasa ta kulob din [[Carlisle United F.C.|Carlisle United]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Academy Graduate Branthwaite |url=https://www.carlisleunited.co.uk/ |publisher=Carlisle United FC |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> ==Aikin Kulob== ===Carlisle United=== Branthwaite ya fara bugawa kungiyar farko ta Carlisle United a shekarar 2019 bayan ya fito daga ajin matasa. Ya buga wasanni da dama a gasar League Two kafin manyan kulob-kulob su fara nuna sha'awar sa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Branthwaite makes senior debut |publisher=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/ |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> ===Everton=== A watan Janairu 2020, Branthwaite ya koma [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] kan kwantiragi na dogon lokaci. Ya fara bugawa a gasar Premier League a kakar 2019/2020, inda ya nuna kwarewa duk da ƙarancin shekarunsa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Everton sign Branthwaite |url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/ |publisher=Premier League |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> ===Aro zuwa Blackburn Rovers=== A shekarar 2022, an ba shi aro zuwa [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]] domin samun ƙarin lokaci a fili. Ya taimaka wa kungiyar a gasar Championship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Branthwaite joins Blackburn on loan |url=https://www.rovers.co.uk/ |publisher=Blackburn Rovers |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> ===Aro zuwa PSV=== Daga baya a kakar 2022–2023, ya koma ƙasar Netherlands inda ya buga wa [[PSV Eindhoven]] wasa a matsayin aro. Ya taka rawa a gasar Eredivisie da kuma wasannin Turai.<ref>{{cite web |title=PSV sign Branthwaite on loan |url=https://www.psv.nl/ |publisher=PSV |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> ==Aikin Ƙasa== Branthwaite ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan kasa da shekara 19 (U19) da kuma U21. Ya kasance cikin matasan da suka taka rawa wajen samun nasarori a matakin matasa.<ref>{{cite web |title=England U21 squad profile |url=https://www.thefa.com/ |publisher=The FA |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> ==Salon Wasansa== An san Branthwaite da tsayinsa (1.95m), ƙwarewa wajen yanke ƙwallaye a sama, da kuma iya sarrafa ƙwallo daga baya. Yana daga cikin matasan masu tasowa a fannin tsaron baya a Ingila.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Branthwaite is rated highly |publisher=Sky Sports |url=https://www.skysports.com/ |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> ==Manazarta== <references/> rnwl5o2zzbpb6j6b8ofw69kfynfl1ji 0 73574 821052 803456 2026-04-14T06:10:30Z Gwanki 3834 821052 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Nicole Asinugo marubuciya ce ta Najeriya, furodusa kuma mai ba da labari.[1][2] Ta kasance mai cin nasara tare da masu kallo na Afirka Magic" Choice Awards don mafi kyawun marubuci a cikin fim ko jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin a cikin 2020 don rubutun farko, Living in Bondage: Breaking Free . [3][4][5][6] Ta kuma kasance marubuciya ga fim din Nollywood, Rattlesnake wanda aka saki a watan Nuwamba 2020. Ita ce mai ba da labari da kuma mai kula da abun ciki don World Expo 2020 a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, bayan rawar da ta taka a baya a matsayin babban edita da mai samar da abun ciki a Ndani TV . == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Asinugo was born in the United Kingdom. She studied law at the University of Nottingham, where she obtained a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) in 2010. After graduation, she acquired a Barrister at Law (BL) certification from the [[Makarantar Koyan Lauya ta Najeriya|Nigerian Law School]] in 2011. She then attended the London School of Journalism in 2012 where she obtained a post-graduate diploma (PGD) in Journalism.<ref name="tosyn">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=WCW: Nicole Asinugo |url=http://tosynbucknor.blogspot.com/2018/05/wcw-nicole-asinugo.html?m=1 |access-date=5 May 2020 |website=Tosyn Bucknor's Blog}}</ref> == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:Nicole_Asinugo_on_NdaniTV.png|thumb|Nicole Asinugo ta fito a NdaniRealtalk S2E1]] Matsayin Asinugo a matsayin babban edita, salon rayuwa na Ndani ya caje ta da kirkirar, ƙaddamarwa da gudanar da shafin yanar gizon salon rayuwa na ئینcy. [[Fayil:Nicole_on_NdaniTV_interviewing.png|thumb|Nicole a kan NdaniRealtalk S2E10]] Ita ce mai samar da abun ciki da ke samarwa da kuma karbar bakuncin shirin Real Talk na Ndani TV. Ta bar aikinta tare da Ndani TV don baje kolin duniya na 2020 [[Dubai (birni)|Dubai]] a matsayin mai ba da labari da mai kula da abun ciki a cikin 2020, inda take haɓaka labarai don ɗakunan ƙasar.<ref name="bayt">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Nicole Asinugo |url=https://m.people.bayt.com/nicole-asinugo-44724298/ |access-date=4 May 2020 |website=bayt}}</ref><ref name="kachee">{{Cite web |last=Kachi Tila Adesina |date=5 March 2018 |title=A day in the work life of Nicole Asinugo – Editor and content producer |url=http://kacheetee.com/a-day-in-the-work-life-of-nicole-asinugo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129170401/https://kacheetee.com/a-day-in-the-work-life-of-nicole-asinugo/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=4 May 2020 |website=KACHEETEE}}</ref> A cikin 2019, ta samar da rubutun ta na farko Living in Bondage: Breaking Free wanda shine haɗin gwiwar Winner na 7th edition na [[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar zaɓin masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]] (AMVCA) tare da CJ Obasi a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu 2020, a zauren baje kolin Eko a [[Tsibirin Victoria, Lagos|Tsibirin Victoria]], Legas . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daniel Anazia |date=1 November 2019 |title=Living in Bondage returns 27 years after with "breaking free" |url=https://m.guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/living-in-bondage-returns-27-years-after-with-breaking-free/ |access-date=5 May 2020 |website=Guardian.ng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Inemesit Udodiong |date=23 February 2020 |title=Here are the 3 Nigerian films selected for the 2020 Hollywood exhibition |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/lifestyle/living-in-bondage-breaking-free-and-two-nollywood-movies-are-going-to-hollywood/vmw0tkj.amp |access-date=5 May 2020 |website=Pulse}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Taiwo Okanlawon |date= |title=check out the full list of winners at AMVCA 2020 |url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2020/03/14/full-list-of-winners-at-amvca2020/amp/ |access-date=5 May 2020 |website=PM News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Webby |date=14 March 2020 |title=Live update: Check out winners at AMVCA 2020 |url=https://onlinenigeria.com/stories/73341-live-update-checkout-winners-at-amvca2020.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924134309/https://onlinenigeria.com/stories/73341-live-update-checkout-winners-at-amvca2020.html |archive-date=24 September 2020 |access-date=5 May 2020 |website=Online Nigeria}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na 2020, ta kammala rubutun ta na biyu "Rattle Snake", a shirye don sakin Nuwamba / Disamba 2020. Tana da shafin yanar gizo "2 scoops of life and style", inda ta raba abubuwan da ta samu tare da al'adun Najeriya da wadatar rayuwa da ke zaune shi kaɗai a Legas. Shafin yanar gizon yana da sashin kulob din littafi, inda ta sadu da masu karatu masu sha'awar kowane wata don karantawa da tattauna littafi mai ban sha'awa.<ref name="2 scoops">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=2 scoops of life and Style |url=https://2scoopsoflifeandstyle.wordpress.com/ |access-date=5 May 2020 |website=2 Scoops of Life and Style}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == Asinugo ta sami lambar yabo saboda aikinta a matsayin mai cin nasara na marubuci mafi kyau a fim ko jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin a karo na 7 na masu kallo na Afirka Magic" Choice Awards (AMVCA).<ref name="Africa">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Africa! Here are your winners – AMVCA |url=https://africamagic.dstv.com/show/amvca/news/here-are-your-winners-amvca-7/news |access-date=4 May 2020 |website=Africa Magic}}</ref><ref name="cable">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=AMVCA 2020: "Living in bondage" sweeps through Africa's biggest movie night |url=https://www.thecable.ng/amvca-2020-living-in-bondage-sweeps-through-africas-biggest-movie-night/amp |access-date=4 May 2020 |website=The Cable}}</ref><ref name="allafrica">{{Cite web |last=Jayne Augoye |date=14 October 2019 |title=Nigeria: David, Flavour feature on "Living in Bondage" soundtrack |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201910150678.html |access-date=5 May 2020 |website=allAfrica}}</ref><ref name="silver">{{Cite web |last=Atume Philip |date=16 March 2020 |title=AMVCA 2020: celebrities, others make history (full list of winners) |url=https://silverbirdtv.com/entertainment/71611/amvca-2020-full-list-of-winners/ |access-date=5 May 2020 |website=Stv}}</ref> === Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka ===   == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Nicole AsinugoaIMDb [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mqnxuz9bkdztvwp5q5kvtnzgtkwy14o 821054 821052 2026-04-14T06:10:58Z Gwanki 3834 821054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Nicole Asinugo marubuciya ce ta Najeriya, furodusa kuma mai ba da labari. Ta kasance mai cin nasara tare da masu kallo na Afirka Magic" Choice Awards don mafi kyawun marubuci a cikin fim ko jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin a cikin 2020 don rubutun farko, Living in Bondage: Breaking Free . Ta kuma kasance marubuciya ga fim din Nollywood, Rattlesnake wanda aka saki a watan Nuwamba 2020. Ita ce mai ba da labari da kuma mai kula da abun ciki don World Expo 2020 a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, bayan rawar da ta taka a baya a matsayin babban edita da mai samar da abun ciki a Ndani TV . == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Asinugo was born in the United Kingdom. She studied law at the University of Nottingham, where she obtained a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) in 2010. After graduation, she acquired a Barrister at Law (BL) certification from the [[Makarantar Koyan Lauya ta Najeriya|Nigerian Law School]] in 2011. She then attended the London School of Journalism in 2012 where she obtained a post-graduate diploma (PGD) in Journalism.<ref name="tosyn">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=WCW: Nicole Asinugo |url=http://tosynbucknor.blogspot.com/2018/05/wcw-nicole-asinugo.html?m=1 |access-date=5 May 2020 |website=Tosyn Bucknor's Blog}}</ref> == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:Nicole_Asinugo_on_NdaniTV.png|thumb|Nicole Asinugo ta fito a NdaniRealtalk S2E1]] Matsayin Asinugo a matsayin babban edita, salon rayuwa na Ndani ya caje ta da kirkirar, ƙaddamarwa da gudanar da shafin yanar gizon salon rayuwa na ئینcy. [[Fayil:Nicole_on_NdaniTV_interviewing.png|thumb|Nicole a kan NdaniRealtalk S2E10]] Ita ce mai samar da abun ciki da ke samarwa da kuma karbar bakuncin shirin Real Talk na Ndani TV. Ta bar aikinta tare da Ndani TV don baje kolin duniya na 2020 [[Dubai (birni)|Dubai]] a matsayin mai ba da labari da mai kula da abun ciki a cikin 2020, inda take haɓaka labarai don ɗakunan ƙasar.<ref name="bayt">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Nicole Asinugo |url=https://m.people.bayt.com/nicole-asinugo-44724298/ |access-date=4 May 2020 |website=bayt}}</ref><ref name="kachee">{{Cite web |last=Kachi Tila Adesina |date=5 March 2018 |title=A day in the work life of Nicole Asinugo – Editor and content producer |url=http://kacheetee.com/a-day-in-the-work-life-of-nicole-asinugo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129170401/https://kacheetee.com/a-day-in-the-work-life-of-nicole-asinugo/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=4 May 2020 |website=KACHEETEE}}</ref> A cikin 2019, ta samar da rubutun ta na farko Living in Bondage: Breaking Free wanda shine haɗin gwiwar Winner na 7th edition na [[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar zaɓin masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]] (AMVCA) tare da CJ Obasi a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu 2020, a zauren baje kolin Eko a [[Tsibirin Victoria, Lagos|Tsibirin Victoria]], Legas . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daniel Anazia |date=1 November 2019 |title=Living in Bondage returns 27 years after with "breaking free" |url=https://m.guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/living-in-bondage-returns-27-years-after-with-breaking-free/ |access-date=5 May 2020 |website=Guardian.ng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Inemesit Udodiong |date=23 February 2020 |title=Here are the 3 Nigerian films selected for the 2020 Hollywood exhibition |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/lifestyle/living-in-bondage-breaking-free-and-two-nollywood-movies-are-going-to-hollywood/vmw0tkj.amp |access-date=5 May 2020 |website=Pulse}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Taiwo Okanlawon |date= |title=check out the full list of winners at AMVCA 2020 |url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2020/03/14/full-list-of-winners-at-amvca2020/amp/ |access-date=5 May 2020 |website=PM News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Webby |date=14 March 2020 |title=Live update: Check out winners at AMVCA 2020 |url=https://onlinenigeria.com/stories/73341-live-update-checkout-winners-at-amvca2020.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924134309/https://onlinenigeria.com/stories/73341-live-update-checkout-winners-at-amvca2020.html |archive-date=24 September 2020 |access-date=5 May 2020 |website=Online Nigeria}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na 2020, ta kammala rubutun ta na biyu "Rattle Snake", a shirye don sakin Nuwamba / Disamba 2020. Tana da shafin yanar gizo "2 scoops of life and style", inda ta raba abubuwan da ta samu tare da al'adun Najeriya da wadatar rayuwa da ke zaune shi kaɗai a Legas. Shafin yanar gizon yana da sashin kulob din littafi, inda ta sadu da masu karatu masu sha'awar kowane wata don karantawa da tattauna littafi mai ban sha'awa.<ref name="2 scoops">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=2 scoops of life and Style |url=https://2scoopsoflifeandstyle.wordpress.com/ |access-date=5 May 2020 |website=2 Scoops of Life and Style}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == Asinugo ta sami lambar yabo saboda aikinta a matsayin mai cin nasara na marubuci mafi kyau a fim ko jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin a karo na 7 na masu kallo na Afirka Magic" Choice Awards (AMVCA).<ref name="Africa">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Africa! Here are your winners – AMVCA |url=https://africamagic.dstv.com/show/amvca/news/here-are-your-winners-amvca-7/news |access-date=4 May 2020 |website=Africa Magic}}</ref><ref name="cable">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=AMVCA 2020: "Living in bondage" sweeps through Africa's biggest movie night |url=https://www.thecable.ng/amvca-2020-living-in-bondage-sweeps-through-africas-biggest-movie-night/amp |access-date=4 May 2020 |website=The Cable}}</ref><ref name="allafrica">{{Cite web |last=Jayne Augoye |date=14 October 2019 |title=Nigeria: David, Flavour feature on "Living in Bondage" soundtrack |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201910150678.html |access-date=5 May 2020 |website=allAfrica}}</ref><ref name="silver">{{Cite web |last=Atume Philip |date=16 March 2020 |title=AMVCA 2020: celebrities, others make history (full list of winners) |url=https://silverbirdtv.com/entertainment/71611/amvca-2020-full-list-of-winners/ |access-date=5 May 2020 |website=Stv}}</ref> === Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka ===   == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Nicole AsinugoaIMDb [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] svhurh2fn55wm3nouzi6di7hc0pykki 0 73963 820904 392438 2026-04-13T18:32:25Z Shaatuh 43956 Gyara 820904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kyautar 2021 Best of Nollywood Awards''' ita ce karo na 13 na bikin da ya gudana a [[Lokoja]], [[Jihar Kogi]] a ranar 11 ga watan [[Disamba 2020 Kisan kiyashi na Gijet|Disamba]] 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Augoye|first=Jayne|date=2021-12-02|title=2021 BON: Here are 5 nominees for 'Best Kiss' category|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/429108-2021-bon-here-are-5-nominees-for-best-kiss-category.html|access-date=2021-10-11|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-06|title=Best of Nollywood award 2021 goes to Kogi|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/best-of-nollywood-award-2021-goes-to-kogi/|access-date=2021-10-11|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref> Wanda ya kafa [[Best of Nollywood Awards]] ya bayyana jerin sunayen waɗanda aka zaɓa a ranar 10 ga watan Satumba 2021 a wani taron da aka yi a otal din Raddison Blu da ke [[Ikeja]], [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]]. Waɗanda aka gabatar sun haɗa da [[Stan Nze]], [[Femi Adebayo]], [[Lateef Adedimeji]], [[Sola Sobowale]], [[Mercy Aigbe]], [[Iyabo Ojo]] da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Falade|first=Tomi|title=BREAKING: Best Of Nollywood Awards Unveils 2021 List of Nominees|url=https://independent.ng/breaking-best-of-nollywood-awards-unveils-2021-list-of-nominees/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-11|website=Independent Newspaper Nigeria|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910212732/https://independent.ng/breaking-best-of-nollywood-awards-unveils-2021-list-of-nominees/ |archive-date=2021-09-10 }}</ref> Pere Egbi, a Big Brother Naija Shine Ya Eye housemate was nominated in a Best Actor in a Leading Role category for his role in ''Butterflies'' by Biodun Stephen alongside [[Stan Nze]], [[Blossom Chukwujekwu]], [[Enyinna Nwigwe]], Okey Uzoeshi and [[Uzor Arukwe]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Edeme|first=Victoria|date=2021-09-11|title=BBNaija Pere bags 'Best Actor' nomination in 2021 BON Awards|url=https://punchng.com/bbnaija-pere-bags-best-actor-nomination-in-2021-bon-awards/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-11|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121623/https://punchng.com/bbnaija-pere-bags-best-actor-nomination-in-2021-bon-awards/ |archive-date=2021-09-11 }}</ref> ''[[The Milkmaid (film)|Milkmaid]]'' da ''[[rattlesnake: The Ahanna Story|Rattlesnake: Labarin Ahanna]]'' ya sami mafi girman naɗi tare da zaɓe 14 kowanne.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ojo|first=James|date=2021-09-12|title=FULL LIST: 'The Milkmaid', 'Rattle Snake' remake lead nominations for 2021 BON awards|url=http://lifestyle.thecable.ng/full-list-the-milkmaid-rattle-snake-remake-lead-nominations-for-2021-bon-awards/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-11|website=TheCable Lifestyle|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912112319/https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/full-list-the-milkmaid-rattle-snake-remake-lead-nominations-for-2021-bon-awards/ |archive-date=2021-09-12 }}</ref> ''Rattlesnake: Labarin Ahanna'' ya sami lambobin yabo a cikin Mafi kyawun Jarumi a cikin jagorar jagora, Mafi kyawun Jarumi a cikin rawar Taimakawa, Mafi kyawun Gyarawa da Mafi kyawun Cinematography yayin da ''Milkmaid'' ya lashe Fim na Shekara, Mafi kyawun Jaruma da Darakta na Shekara. An bayar da lambar yabo ta musamman ga tsohuwar jaruma Madam Kofo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-14 |title=BON Awards 2021: 'Rattlesnake', 'The Milkmaid' win big |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/500777-bon-awards-2021-rattlesnake-the-milkmaid-win-big.html |access-date=2022-03-13 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Kyautattuka == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Best Actor in a Lead role – English''' ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Best Actor in a Lead role –Yoruba''' |- | * '''[[Stan Nze|Stan Eze]] – ''[[rattlesnake: The Ahanna Story|Rattlesnake]]''''' * [[Blossom Chukwujekwu]] – ''Hope Spring Eternal'' * [[Enyinna Nwigwe]] – ''[[Badamasi]]'' * Pere Egbi – ''Butterflies'' * Okey Uzoeshi – ''Strain'' * [[Uzor Arukwe]] – ''Yours Regardless'' | * '''[[Samuel Oniyitan]] – ''Abeke''''' * Femi Adebayo – ''Esin'' * Lateef Adedimeji – ''Ka Bi osi'' * Joseph Momodu – ''Olufe'' * Seun Akindele – ''My Mirror'' * Akinola Akano – ''Oju'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Best Actress in a Lead role –English''' ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Best Actress in a Lead role –Yoruba''' |- | * Shushu Abubakar – ''Strain'' * Sharon Nwosu – ''Coat of Alms'' * [[Osas Ighodaro]] – ''[[rattlesnake: The Ahanna Story|Rattlesnake]]'' * [[Sola Sobowale]] – ''Cookies Spot'' * [[Bolaji Ogunmola]] – ''Butterflies'' * [[Mary Lazarus]] – ''Homeless Home'' | * [[Mercy Aigbe]] – ''Agbeke'' * [[Jumoke Odetola]] – ''My Mirror'' * Peju Wahab – ''Ijolewa'' * '''[[Kehinde Bankole]] – ''Abeke''''' * Adeola Olushola – ''Oju'' * [[Omowumi Dada|Omowunmi Dada]] – ''Alagogo Ide'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Best Supporting Actor –English''' ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Best Supporting Actress – English''' |- | * '''Buchi Franklin – ''Rattlesnake''''' * Kachi Nnochiri – ''Butterflies'' * [[Femi Jacobs]] – ''[[Eagle Wings]]'' * Martins Nebo – ''Just Kidding'' * Sani Danja – ''Badamasi'' * [[Seun Akindele]] – ''Greyish'' | * '''Ebenezer Eno – ''Yours Regardless''''' * Tolulope Oke – ''Cookies Spot'' * Blessing Obasi – ''Hope Springs Eternal'' * Juliet Njemanze – ''Just Kidding'' * Anwuli Ijenebe – ''Greyish'' * Stella Ekwueme – ''Unconventional'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Best Actor in a Lead role –Hausa''' ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Best Actress in a Lead role –Hausa''' |- | * Gambo Usman Kona -''[[The Milkmaid (film)|The Milkmaid]]'' * Adam Garba – ''Voiceless'' | * Anthonieta Kalunta – ''The Milkmaid'' * Asabe Madaki – ''Voiceless'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Most Promising Actor''' ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Most Promising Actress''' |- | * Akinola Akano – ''Oju'' * Michael Ejoor – ''Yours Regardless'' | * '''Anthonieta Kalunta – ''The Milkmaid''''' * Faturoti Ifedapo – ''Oju'' * Adeola Olushola – ''Oju'' * Chinenye Aniemenam – ''Just Kidding'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Best Supporting Actor –Yoruba''' ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Best Supporting Actress –Yoruba''' |- | * [[Bolanle Ninalowo]] – ''Ete'' * Yomi Olorunlolaye – ''Osuka'' * Rotimi Salami – ''Ijolewa'' * [[Wole Ojo]] – ''Abeke'' * Soliu Gbolagade – ''Abeke'' | * Debby Shokoya – ''Misguided'' * Kemi Afolabi – ''Ikunsuni'' * [[Iyabo Ojo]] – ''Black Veil'' * Faturoti Ifedapo – ''Oju'' * Maureen Vincent – ''Alagogo Ide'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Best Short Film''' ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Best Child Actress''' |- | * ''When Devil Knocks'' * ''Canoe Boy* Busted'' * ''Journey Home'' * ''Homecoming'' * ''Soja'' | * Ewomazino Amata – ''Miebaka'' * Adaeze Onugbo – ''Laurie'' * Angel Onyi Unigwe – ''Strain'' * Nifemi Lawal – ''Strain'' * Daniel Adeshina – ''Ijolewa'' * Craig Loughlan- ''Miebaka'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Movie with the Best Sound''' ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Best Movie with Social message''' |- | * ''Strain'' * ''Rattlesnake'' * ''Milkmaid'' * ''Abeke'' * ''Meibaka'' | * ''Journey Home'' * ''Strain'' * ''Tethered'' * ''Time Tells'' * ''My Mirror'' * ''Ella'' * ''Hope Springs Eternal'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Movie with the Best Special Effect''' ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Movie with the Best Screenplay''' |- | * ''Miebaka'' * ''Eagles Wings'' * ''The Milkmaid'' * ''Badamasi'' * ''Voiceless'' | * ''Strain'' * ''Milkmaid'' * ''Hope Spring Eternal'' * ''Rattlesnake'' * ''Eagles Wings'' * ''Butterflies'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Best Use of Food in a Movie''' ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Movie with the Best Editing''' |- | * ''Cookies Spot'' * Strain * Rattlesnake * Yours Regardless * Logan | * '''''The Milkmaid''''' * ''Strain'' * ''Coat of Alms'' * ''Rattlesnake'' * ''Voiceless'' * ''Eagle Wings'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Movie with the Best Cinematography''' ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Best Use of Costume in a Movie''' |- | * '''''The Milkmaid''''' * ''Strain'' * ''Voiceless'' * ''Rattlesnake'' * ''Badamasi'' * ''Eagle Wings'' | * ''The Milkmaid'' * ''Butterflies'' * ''Rattlesnake'' * ''Oba Bi Olorun'' * ''Agbeke'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Best Use of Make up in a Movie''' ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Movie of the Year''' |- | * ''Soja'' * ''Milkmaid'' * ''Olugbeja Oloun'' * ''Voiceless'' * ''Meibaka'' * ''Eye of Deity (Oju)'' | * '''''The Milkmaid''''' * ''Voiceless'' * ''Rattlesnake'' * ''Strain'' * ''Eagle Wings'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Director of the Year''' ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Best Kiss in a Movie''' |- | * '''Desmond Obviagele – ''The Milkmaid''''' * Uduak-Obong Patrick – ''Strain'' * [[Ramsey Nouah]] – ''Rattlesnake'' * Robert Peters – ''Voiceless'' * Paul Apel Papel - ''Eagle Wings'' | * Bolaji Ogunmola/Pere Egbi – ''Butterflies'' * Blossom Chukwujekwu/Bolaji Ogunmola – ''Hope Spring Eternal'' * Stan Nze/Osas Ighodaro – ''Rattlesnake'' * [[Frederick Leonard (actor)|Frederick Leonard]]/[[Bayray McNwizu|Bayray Mcwinzu]] – ''Greyish'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Revelation of the Year –male''' ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Revelation of the Year –female''' |- | * '''Emanuel Wilson (Bigshark)''' * Babatunde Aderinloye * Jerry Williams * Badaiki John | * '''Stephaine Zibis''' * Tope Aremu * Bukky Olatunji * Bianca Ugowanne * Juliet Njamaneze |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Movie with the Best Production Design''' ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |'''Movie with the Best Soundtrack''' |- | * ''Milkmaid'' * ''Miebaka'' * ''Badamasi'' * ''Voiceless'' * ''Rattlesnake'' * ''Eagle Wings'' | * ''Oye (Knowledge)'' * ''Milkmaid'' * ''Rattlesnake'' * ''Alagogo Ide'' * ''Logan'' * ''Voiceless'' |} == Manazarta == aru2kid0zdklqheq8cfugyb83fv5uo4 0 90391 820831 571743 2026-04-13T15:01:17Z ~2026-22669-36 43948 /* Manazarta */ 820831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hassan Jonga''' ya kasance zaɓaɓɓen ɗan [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|majalisar wakilai]] mai wakiltar mazaɓar Nangere/Potiskum na [[Yobe|jihar Yobe]] a kasar [[Najeriya]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/hassan-jonga |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-10 |title=Yobe 2015: shutting out PDP again? - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/yobe-2015-shutting-out-pdp-again/ |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=dailytrust.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya fara aiki a watan Mayu shekara ta 1999 a majalisar wakilai ta 4. [[Fatsuma Talba|Fatima Talba]] ta gaje shi. Ya kasance memba ne a [[All Nigeria Peoples Party|jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party]] (ANPP). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Aziza |date=2022-05-20 |title=Yobe State Senatorial Zones History with Their Representatives. |url=https://www.aziza.com.ng/read/yobe-state-senatorial-zones-districts-national-assembly-with-their-representatives/ |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=Aziza Goodnews |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=PDP leaders in Yobe decamp to ANPP ahead of 'APC' convention |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/133122-pdp-leaders-in-yobe-decamp-to-anpp-ahead-of-apc-convention.html |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=premiumtimesng.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Musulman Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] m32em76chmc81mzjpwj4mgx1m2i8pnt 0 107123 820905 669315 2026-04-13T18:33:00Z Shaatuh 43956 Gyara 820905 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Yunkurin [[Duniya]] ƙungiya ce ta ƙasa da ƙasa da ke kira ga yajin aiki na duniya don matakin yanayi. Manufar su ita ce yajin aiki na duniya a ranar 27 ga Satumba 2019. Yunkurin yajin aiki na duniya ya kasance wani ɓangare na yajin aikin yanayi na Satumba 2019, wanda ya tara miliyoyin masu zanga-zangar. Wannan motsi ya sami goyon bayan jama'a daga kungiyoyi ciki har da Extinction Rebellion da Jumma'a don Makomar, da kuma jama'a ciki har da [[Noam Chomsky]] . == Tarihi == === Tushen === An kafa Earth Strike a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 2018 bayan wani mai amfani a kan r/Chomsky ya yi kira ga "Janar Strike don Ceton Duniyar". [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Sakamakon nan da nan ya tara hankali a cikin Reddit, kuma an kafa r / EarthStrike subreddit don shirya yajin aiki. An gudanar da zanga-zangar farko a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun 2019, tare da sanar da 27 ga watan Satumba a matsayin ranar "Yakin Duniya". An ambaci yajin aiki a Iceland a 1975 da Indiya a 2019 a matsayin wahayi.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2024}}{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2024}} === Kwanaki na aiki === * 19 ga Yulin 2019 - Yunkurin Matasa don Yanayi * Agusta 2019 - zanga-zangar yanayi * Yunkurin yajin aiki na Satumba 2019 === Satumba 2019 yajin aikin yanayi na duniya === Yunkurin yajin aikin yanayi na duniya na Satumba 2019 ya faru ne a ranar 20 da 27 ga Satumba 2019. Kimanin mutane miliyan 6 ne suka shiga yajin aiki a duk duniya. An shirya zanga-zangar ne ta hanyar hadin gwiwar ƙungiyoyi da kungiyoyi a duniya, gami da Yakin Duniya, Jumma'a Don Nan Gaba, 350.org, da ƙungiyoyin kwadago daban-daban. zanga-zangar ta hada da yajin aiki a makaranta, yajin aiki, da zanga-zambe a kan titi da tarurruka. == Manazarta == hzczvtsoy1q9lc7coq359y3u4mezr5x 820907 820905 2026-04-13T18:38:21Z ABDOULRAZAK M 43957 Gyara 820907 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Yunkurin [[Duniya]] ƙungiya ce ta ƙasa da ƙasa da ke kira ga yajin aiki na duniya don matakin yanayi. Manufar su ita ce yajin aiki na duniya a ranar 27 ga Satumba 2019. Yunkurin yajin aiki na [[duniya]] ya kasance wani ɓangare na yajin aikin yanayi na Satumba 2019, wanda ya tara miliyoyin masu zanga-zangar. Wannan motsi ya sami goyon bayan jama'a daga kungiyoyi ciki har da Extinction Rebellion da Jumma'a don Makomar, da kuma jama'a ciki har da [[Noam Chomsky]] . == Tarihi == === Tushen === An kafa Earth Strike a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 2018 bayan wani mai amfani a kan r/Chomsky ya yi kira ga "Janar Strike don Ceton Duniyar". [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Sakamakon nan da nan ya tara hankali a cikin Reddit, kuma an kafa r / EarthStrike subreddit don shirya yajin aiki. An gudanar da zanga-zangar farko a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun 2019, tare da sanar da 27 ga watan Satumba a matsayin ranar "Yakin Duniya". An ambaci yajin aiki a Iceland a 1975 da Indiya a 2019 a matsayin wahayi.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2024}}{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2024}} === Kwanaki na aiki === * 19 ga Yulin 2019 - Yunkurin Matasa don Yanayi * Agusta 2019 - zanga-zangar yanayi * Yunkurin yajin aiki na Satumba 2019 === Satumba 2019 yajin aikin yanayi na duniya === Yunkurin yajin aikin yanayi na duniya na Satumba 2019 ya faru ne a ranar 20 da 27 ga Satumba 2019. Kimanin mutane miliyan 6 ne suka shiga yajin aiki a duk duniya. An shirya zanga-zangar ne ta hanyar hadin gwiwar ƙungiyoyi da kungiyoyi a duniya, gami da Yakin Duniya, Jumma'a Don Nan Gaba, 350.org, da ƙungiyoyin kwadago daban-daban. zanga-zangar ta hada da yajin aiki a makaranta, yajin aiki, da zanga-zambe a kan titi da tarurruka. == Manazarta == nihzly7iw2r6q3p2rwf7a1jurshf3jq 0 107931 820787 673366 2026-04-13T14:23:21Z BnHamid 12586 820787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Gyara mukala}} [[Fayil:Bonélie_(Bonellia_viridis)_PC301461.JPG|thumb|Jima'i na green spoonworm, ''Bonellia viridis'', wani marine annelid, ya dogara da inda tsutsotsi ke sauka (mace da aka nuna).]] '''Ƙaddamar da jima'i na muhalli''' shine kafa jima'i ta hanyar alamar da ba ta kwayar halitta ba, kamar wadatar abinci mai gina jiki, wanda aka samu a cikin wani lokaci mai hankali bayan taki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=JANZEN |first=F. J. |last2=PHILLIPS |first2=P. C. |date=November 2006 |title=Exploring the evolution of environmental sex determination, especially in reptiles |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01138.x |journal=Journal of Evolutionary Biology |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=1775–1784 |doi=10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01138.x |issn=1010-061X |pmid=17040374 |s2cid=15485510 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Abubuwan muhalli waɗanda galibi suna tasiri ga ƙaddamar da jima'i yayin ci gaba ko balaga na jima'i sun haɗa da ƙarfin haske da lokacin daukar hoto, zafin jiki, wadatar abinci mai gina jiki, da pheromones da tsire-tsire ko dabbobi ke kewaye da su. Wannan ya bambanta da ƙaddamar da jima'i na jinsi, wanda ke kafa jima'i a lokacin haihuwa ta hanyar abubuwan kwayar halitta kamar su chromosomes na jima'i. A karkashin ainihin ƙudurin jima'i na muhalli, da zarar an ƙaddara jima'i, an gyara shi kuma ba za a iya sake sauyawa ba. Ƙaddamar da jima'i na muhalli ya bambanta da wasu nau'o'in hermaphroditism na tsari wanda aka ƙaddara jima'i a hankali bayan haihuwa a duk rayuwar kwayar halitta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Warner |first=Robert R. |date=January 1975 |title=The Adaptive Significance of Sequential Hermaphroditism in Animals |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/282974 |journal=The American Naturalist |volume=109 |issue=965 |pages=61–82 |bibcode=1975ANat..109...61W |doi=10.1086/282974 |issn=0003-0147 |s2cid=84279130 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Ma'anar daidaitawa == Ƙididdigar jima'i na muhalli yayi kama da wasu nau'ikan zaɓin jima'i domin akwai lokuta daban-daban da adawa da matsa lamba akan maza da mata saboda tsadar haifuwa.  Zaɓin jima'i ya zama ruwan dare a cikin bishiyar rayuwa (wanda aka fi sani da tsuntsaye);  sau da yawa yana haifar da dimorphism na jima'i, ko girman da bambance-bambancen kamanni tsakanin jinsin jinsi ɗaya.[1]  A cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun jima'i na muhalli, matsananciyar zaɓi akan lokacin juyin halitta sun zaɓi don sassauci a cikin ƙudurin jima'i don haɓaka dacewa a cikin yanayi daban-daban saboda tsadar jima'i daban-daban a cikin maza da mata.[2]  Wasu yanayi na muhalli sun bambanta da kowane jinsi ta yadda zai kasance da amfani ya zama jinsi ɗaya ba ɗayan ba[3].  Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ba za su iya motsawa zuwa wani yanayi na daban ba.  A cikin tsire-tsire, alal misali, aikin jima'i na mace ya fi tsada da kuzari saboda da zarar an yi takin dole ne su yi amfani da makamashi mai mahimmanci don samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa, tsaba, ko sporophytes yayin da maza za su samar da maniyyi kawai (da kuma tsarin da ke dauke da maniyyi; antheridium a cikin tsire-tsire marasa iri, da pollen a cikin tsire-tsire iri). == Hanyoyin da ake amfani da su == Rashin ƙididdigar bayanan kwayar halitta don jinsi daban-daban kamar su chromosomes na jima'i, mutanen da ke nuna ƙudurin jima'i na muhalli suna ƙunshe da ƙididdigan bayanan kwayar cuta ga maza da mata a kan autosomes.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bull |first=J. J. |last2=Vogt |first2=R. C. |last3=Bulmer |first3=M. G. |date=March 1982 |title=Heritability of Sex Ratio in Turtles with Environmental Sex Determination |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2408052 |journal=Evolution |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=333–341 |doi=10.2307/2408052 |issn=0014-3820 |jstor=2408052 |pmid=28563174 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Gabaɗaya, da zarar an fallasa su ga wasu alamun muhalli, Canje-canje na epigenetic suna haifar da mutane masu tasowa su zama namiji ko mace. Alamun muhalli waɗanda galibi ke haifar da ci gaban maza ko mata sun haɗa da zafin jiki, abinci mai gina jiki (ko abinci a yanayin dabbobi) da wadatar ruwa, photoperiod, damuwa ta gasa, da pheromones daga mutane masu kama da juna.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Adams |first=Jonathan |last2=Greenwood |first2=Paul |last3=Naylor |first3=Caroline |date=March 1987 |title=Evolutionary Aspects of Environmental Sex Determination |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01688170.1987.10510273 |journal=International Journal of Invertebrate Reproduction and Development |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=123–135 |doi=10.1080/01688170.1987.10510273 |issn=0168-8170 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dunn |first=Alison M. |last2=Hogg |first2=John C. |last3=Kelly |first3=Andrew |last4=Hatcher |first4=Melanie J. |date=January 2005 |title=Two cues for sex determination in Gammarus duebeni : Adaptive variation in environmental sex determination? |journal=Limnology and Oceanography |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=346–353 |bibcode=2005LimOc..50..346D |doi=10.4319/lo.2005.50.1.0346 |issn=0024-3590 |doi-access=}}</ref> Takamaiman hanyoyin da alamomi sun bambanta tsakanin jinsuna. == Yankin lissafi == === Dabbobi masu kama da dabbobi === amphipod crustacean ''[[Gammarus duebeni]]'' yana samar da maza da wuri a lokacin jima'i, kuma mata daga baya, don mayar da martani ga tsawon hasken rana, lokacin daukar hoto. Saboda lafiyar namiji tana inganta fiye da lafiyar mace tare da karuwar girman, ƙaddamar da jima'i na muhalli yana daidaitawa a cikin wannan tsarin ta hanyar ba da izinin maza su sami lokacin girma fiye da mata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCabe, J. |last2=Dunn, A. M. |year=1997 |title=Adaptive significance of environmental sex determination in an amphipod |journal=[[Journal of Evolutionary Biology]] |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=515–527 |doi=10.1046/j.1420-9101.1997.10040515.x |doi-access=free}}</ref> Branchiopod crustacean Daphnia magna parthenogenetically yana samar da zuriyar namiji don mayar da martani ga haɗuwa da dalilai uku na muhalli, wato rage lokacin daukar hoto a cikin kaka, karancin abinci da yawan jama'a.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kato, Yasuhiko |last2=Kobayashi, Kaoru |last3=Watanabe, Hajime |last4=Iguchi, Taisen |year=2011 |title=Environmental Sex Determination in the Branchiopod Crustacean Daphnia magna: Deep Conservation of a Doublesex Gene in the Sex-Determining Pathway |journal=[[PLOS Genetics]] |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=1–12 |doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1001345 |pmc=3063754 |pmid=21455482 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Annelids === ''Bonellia viridis'', tsutsotsi ne na ruwa, yana da ƙudurin jima'i na wurin; jima'i ya dogara da inda tsutsotsi suka sauka. === Dabbobi masu ƙashi === [[Fayil:Crocnest.JPG|thumb|Jima'i na alligators an ƙayyade shi ta hanyar zafin jiki.]] Jima'i na mafi yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa, kamar dabbobi masu rarrafe da tsuntsaye, an ƙaddara su ta hanyar kwayar halitta. Koyaya, wasu dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da ƙudurin jima'i na dogara da zafin jiki, inda jima'i ya ƙayyade har abada ta yanayin zafi da aka samu a lokacin tsakiyar kashi uku na ci gaban tayin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fredric J. Janzen |last2=Gary L. Paukstis |year=1991 |title=Environmental sex determination in reptiles: ecology, evolution, and experimental design |journal=[[Quarterly Review of Biology]] |volume=66 |issue=2 |pages=149–179 |doi=10.1086/417143 |jstor=2830229 |pmid=1891591 |s2cid=35956765}}</ref> Jima'i na [[Kada|crocodilians]] da Sphenodontians an ƙayyade su ne kawai ta hanyar zafin jiki. Sabanin haka, squamates (tsuntsaye da [[Maciji|macizai]]) da [[Afifiya|Turtles]] suna nuna ƙudurin jima'i na genotypic da ƙudurin jinsi na dogara da zafin jiki, kodayake dogaro da zafin ya fi yawa a cikin turtles fiye da squamates. [[Fayil:Fern_young_gametophyte.jpg|thumb|Wani fern gametophyte mai tasowa. Duk da yake a cikin wannan matakin da ba shi da girma, matakin da ba a yi jima'i ba, wani fern gametophyte na iya fuskantar ƙudurin jima'i na muhalli bisa ga alamomi daga mahalli da ke kewaye.]] Yawancin nau'in fern (tare da wasu 'yan kaɗan, watau Salvineales) suna da ɗanɗano kuma basu da chromosomes na jima'i.  Rashin bayanan bayanan kwayoyin halitta don jinsi daban-daban, kowane spore na fern yana da ikon zama namiji, mace, ko hermaphroditic gametophyte dangane da muhalli.[1][2]  A yawancin nau'in fern, ciki har da Ceratopteris richardii, ƙaddarar jima'i na muhalli yana da alaƙa da tsarin kiwo.[3]  Fern gametophytes suna nuna nau'ikan tsarin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in iri da nau'in nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan ma'adinai) suna da nau'ikan da za'a iya rarraba su zuwa raye-raye da raye-raye.  Don haɓaka wuce gona da iri, gametophytes na mata suna fitar da sinadari pheromone da aka sani da Antheridiogen wanda ke sarrafa jima'i na gametophytes masu tasowa na kusa.[4]  Antheridiogen da mata ke ɓoye yana haɓaka haɓakar gametophytes na asexual a kusa da maza.  Wannan yana daidaitawa saboda haifar da namiji yana ƙara yuwuwar wucewa yayin da maza ke ba da maniyyi ga mata maimakon mata su zama hermaphroditic (ko bisexual) da taki da kansu.  Duk da haka, idan ba hadi ya faru ba, gametophyte na mace zai iya zama hermaphroditic kuma ta yi kanta idan yanayin ya dace da girma, a ƙarshe yana haifar da rashin tausayi. Bugu da ƙari, kama da crocodilians, jima'i na homosporous fern gametophyte an ƙayyade shi ta hanyar yanayin abiotic daidai da tsarin girman-advantage. A cikin yanayin damuwa (crowding ko damuwa mai gina jiki), gametophytes sun fi karami kuma sun bunkasa zuwa maza. Duk da yake a cikin yanayin girma mafi kyau, gametophytes sun fi girma kuma sun bunkasa zuwa mata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=KORPELAINEN |first=HELENA |date=April 1994 |title=Growth, sex determination and reproduction of Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott gametophytes under varying nutritional conditions |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1994.tb01840.x |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=114 |issue=4 |pages=357–366 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.1994.tb01840.x |issn=0024-4074 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pérez-Escobar |first=Oscar Alejandro |last2=Chomicki |first2=Guillaume |last3=Condamine |first3=Fabien L. |last4=de Vos |first4=Jurriaan M. |last5=Martins |first5=Aline C. |last6=Smidt |first6=Eric C. |last7=Klitgård |first7=Bente |last8=Gerlach |first8=Günter |last9=Heinrichs |first9=Jochen |date=2017-10-10 |title=Multiple Geographical Origins of Environmental Sex Determination enhanced the diversification of Darwin's Favourite Orchids |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=7 |issue=1 |page=12878 |bibcode=2017NatSR...712878P |doi=10.1038/s41598-017-12300-y |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=5635016 |pmid=29018291 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Fayil:Environmental_Sex_Determination_Fern_gametophyte.jpg|thumb|Ƙaddamar da jima'i na muhalli a cikin ferns bisa ga wadatar abinci mai gina jiki, haske, gasa, da pheromone Antheridiogen]] [[Fayil:Moss_007.jpg|thumb|Moss gametophytes (kore photosynthetic tissue) da sporophytes (dama, launin ruwan kasa). Kasancewar sporophytes da yawa, yana nuna cewa moss mai yiwuwa ne ko dai monoicous da kai tsaye fertilizing ko dioicous tare da maza da mata masu haihuwa. Wannan na iya zama da wuya kamar yadda mata galibi suna gasa da maza a cikin mosses.]] Moss gametophytes na iya zama ko dai asexual, mace, namiji, ko hermaphroditic kamar ferns. Ba kamar homosporous ferns ba, moss gametophytes na iya zama ko dai monoicous ko dioicous (kamar monoecious da dioecious a cikin ''tsaye''-tsire na vascular), tare da mafi yawan nazarin nau'in dioicous da ke nuna ƙudurin jima'i ta hanyar tsarin ƙudurin jinsi na UV. Wasu nau'o'in moss irin su ''Splachnum ampullaceum'' suna nuna ƙudurin jima'i na muhalli a lokacin farkon ci gaba, tare da ƙarancin haske, ƙarancin pH, da ƙarancen abinci mai gina jiki duk suna inganta ci gaban namiji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cameron |first=Randall G. |last2=Wyatt |first2=Robert |date=1990 |title=Spatial Patterns and Sex Ratios in Dioecious and Monoecious Mosses of the Genus Splachnum |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3243620 |journal=The Bryologist |volume=93 |issue=2 |pages=161 |doi=10.2307/3243620 |issn=0007-2745 |jstor=3243620 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> A gaban auxin, hormone mai yaduwa, ko gibberellins, mahadi masu kama da Antheridiogen a cikin ferns, duka mata da maza suna saka hannun jari a cikin tsarin jima'i (antheridia da Archegonia). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=BHATLA |first=S. C. |last2=CHOPRA |first2=R. N. |date=1981 |title=Hormonal Regulation of Gametangial Formation in the MossBryum argenteumHedw |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/32.6.1243 |journal=Journal of Experimental Botany |volume=32 |issue=6 |pages=1243–1256 |doi=10.1093/jxb/32.6.1243 |issn=0022-0957 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ƙaddamar da jima'i na muhalli a cikin moss ya bambanta da rarrabewar jinsi, faruwar daidaitattun jima'i da ke cikin muhalli, wanda aka lura a cikin nau'ikan moss masu jima'i. Rarrabawar maza da mata a cikin mosses ya haifar da bambancin ''rayuwa'' tsakanin maza da mata sakamakon fa'idar gasa na moss mata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bowker |first=Matthew A. |last2=Stark |first2=Lloyd R. |last3=McLetchie |first3=D. Nicholas |last4=Mishler |first4=Brent D. |date=April 2000 |title=Sex expression, skewed sex ratios, and microhabitat distribution in the dioecious desert moss Syntrichia caninervis (Pottiaceae) |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2656595 |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=87 |issue=4 |pages=517–526 |doi=10.2307/2656595 |issn=0002-9122 |jstor=2656595 |pmid=10766723 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kobayashi |first=Kazuya |last2=Hasegawa |first2=Eisuke |date=April 2016 |title=A female-biased sex ratio reduces the twofold cost of sex |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=6 |issue=1 |page=23982 |bibcode=2016NatSR...623982K |doi=10.1038/srep23982 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=4817508 |pmid=27035400 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan yana haifar da yawan mata da ke ci gaba da haihuwa ta hanyar haihuwar jima'i da ƙananan haihuwar jimaʼi. Sabanin haka, ƙaddamar da jima'i na muhalli shine ci gaban mata ko maza a cikin yanayin muhalli daban-daban. [[Fayil:Catasetum_viridiflavum.jpg|thumb|Fure catasetum viridiflavum]] Yawancin angiosperms suna nuna hermaphroditism na tsari, ma'ana cewa suna iya canza jima'i a kai a kai a duk rayuwarsu bisa ga yanayin yanzu da wadatar albarkatu don inganta lafiya kowane lokacin fure.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Policansky |first=D |date=November 1982 |title=Sex Change in Plants and Animals |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.13.110182.002351 |journal=Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=471–495 |bibcode=1982AnRES..13..471P |doi=10.1146/annurev.es.13.110182.002351 |issn=0066-4162 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Amma hermaphroditism na tsari da ƙaddamar da jima'i na muhalli ba su da alaƙa da juna. Misali, Catasetum viridiflavum, wani epiphyte (tsire-tsire da ke girma a kan wani shuka) a cikin iyalin Orchidaceae yana nuna hermaphroditism na tsari inda matasa, ƙananan mutane suna da inflorescences na namiji kuma tsofaffi, manyan mutane suna da intlorescencences na mata, amma bayyanar jima'i ma tana da tasiri sosai ta hanyar haske. Mutanen da ke cikin haske mai haske galibi mata ne kuma mutane a cikin haske mai sauƙi galibi maza ne, ba tare da la'akari da girman ba.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pérez-Escobar |first=Oscar Alejandro |last2=Chomicki |first2=Guillaume |last3=Condamine |first3=Fabien L. |last4=de Vos |first4=Jurriaan M. |last5=Martins |first5=Aline C. |last6=Smidt |first6=Eric C. |last7=Klitgård |first7=Bente |last8=Gerlach |first8=Günter |last9=Heinrichs |first9=Jochen |date=2017-10-10 |title=Multiple Geographical Origins of Environmental Sex Determination enhanced the diversification of Darwin's Favourite Orchids |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=7 |issue=1 |page=12878 |bibcode=2017NatSR...712878P |doi=10.1038/s41598-017-12300-y |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=5635016 |pmid=29018291 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zimmerman |first=Jess K. |date=April 1991 |title=Ecological Correlates of Labile Sex Expression in the Orchid Catasetum Viridiflavum |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2937200 |journal=Ecology |volume=72 |issue=2 |pages=597–608 |bibcode=1991Ecol...72..597Z |doi=10.2307/2937200 |issn=0012-9658 |jstor=2937200 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> A cikin haske mafi girma, mutane suna samar da ƙarin ethylene, hormone na shuka na yau da kullun, wanda ke inganta samar da furanni mata. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8smiksglsm1a6v65tu8uqn13clbrmy1 0 108179 820808 674695 2026-04-13T14:36:06Z BnHamid 12586 820808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Strong na iya nufin:mai karfi == Ilimi == * The Strong, cibiyar ilimi a Rochester, New York, Amurka * Strong Hall (Lawrence, Kansas) , zauren gudanarwa na Jami'ar Kansas * Strong School, New Haven, Connecticut, Amurka, makarantar da ke cike da yara ga masu karatun gundumar da masu karatun farko == Waƙoƙi == === Albums === * ''Strong (Tyler Hubbard album) '', 2024 * Strong (Anette Olzon album) , 2021 * Strong (Album din Ci gaban da aka kama) , 2010 * Strong (Michelle Wright album) , 2013 * Strong (Thomas Anders album) , 2010 * Strong (Tracy Lawrence album), 2004 * Strong, kundi na 2000 na Clare Quilty === Waƙoƙi === * "Strong" (Waƙar Grammar ta London), 2013 * "Ƙarfi" (Waƙar Ɗaya) , 2013 * "Ƙarfi" (waƙar Robbie Williams) , 1999 * "Ƙarfi" (Waƙar Romy) , 2022 * "Strong", waƙar da After Forever ta yi daga Remagine''Sake fasalin'' * "Strong", waƙar Audio Adrenaline daga Duniya''A duk duniya'' * "Strong", waƙar LeAnn Rimes daga ''Duk abin da muke so'' * "Strong", waƙar London Grammar daga If You Wait''Idan Ka Jira'' * "Strong", waƙar Will Hoge daga Never Give In''Kada ka Ba da Kyauta'' * "Strong", waƙar daga fim din 2015 ''Cinderella'' * "Strong", waƙar daga kiɗa The Lightning Thief''Ɓarawo Mai Haske'' * "Ƙarfi", ta R3hab & KSHMR, 2015 == Mutane da halayen almara == * Strong (sunan mahaifi) , gami da jerin mutane da halayen almara * Strong Vincent (1837-1863), Janar brigadier janar da lauya na Sojojin Yakin basasa na Amurka * Jerin mutanen da aka sani da Strong == Wuraren da aka yi == === Amurka === * Strong, Arkansas, birni * Strong, Maine, wani gari * Strongs, Michigan, wata al'umma da ba a kafa ta ba * Strong, Mississippi, al'umma da ba a kafa ta ba * Strong, Pennsylvania, wurin da aka tsara don ƙidayar jama'a * Fort Strong, tashar jiragen ruwa ta Boston, Massachusetts * Strong City, Kansas, birni * Strong City, Oklahoma, wani gari * Tsibirin Strong (Michigan) * Tsibirin Strong, Pleasant Bay, Cape Cod, Massachusetts * Kogin Strong, Mississippi * Strong Township, Chase County, Kansas === A wasu wurare === * Strong, Ontario, Kanada, wani gari * Dutsen Strong, Antarctica * Babban tsaunin da ke Antarctica * 22622 Strong, wani asteroid == Sauran amfani == * Asibitin Tunawa mai ƙarfi, Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Rochester, Rochester, New York, Amurka * SK Strong, kulob din wasanni na Norway wanda ya haɗu da Grüner IL a 1952 * USS Strong, masu hallaka jiragen ruwa biyu na Amurka * Strong (jerin talabijin) , wani shirin gaskiya na Amurka wanda aka fara a shekarar 2016 * ''Mai ƙarfi!'' , wani shirin fim na 2012 game da mai ɗaukar nauyi na Olympics Cheryl Haworth * Strong (tallace), wani tallace-tallace mai rikitarwa daga dan takarar shugaban Amurka na 2012 Rick Perry * Strong Capital Management, wani tsohon kamfanin sabis na kudi na Amurka == Dubi kuma == * Gidan Gida mai ƙarfi (disambiguation), gine-gine daban-daban da aka jera a cikin National Register of Historic Places * ''Strong v Bird'', shari'ar mallakar Ingilishi ta 1874 * Strong's Concordance, wani jituwa na King James Bible {{Disambig|geo}} 2v483duu8ojbqnow4gjtt7oklhf4obr 0 109674 821051 686209 2026-04-14T06:10:20Z BnHamid 12586 821051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Tz-map.png|right|thumb|274x274px|Taswirar Tanzania]] [[Fayil:LocationTanzania.svg|thumb|300x300px|Yanayin Tanzania]] [[Fayil:Tanzania_Topography.png|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar taswirar Tanzania]] [[Fayil:Koppen-Geiger_Map_TZA_present.svg|thumb|336x336px|Taswirar rarraba yanayi ta Köppen na Tanzania]] Tanzaniya ta ƙunshi tafkuna da yawa, wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa, da mafi girman matsayi na Afirka, Dutsen Kilimanjaro (mita 5,895 (mita 19,341 ft)).  Arewa maso gabashin Tanzaniya na da tsaunuka, yayin da yankin tsakiyar yankin wani yanki ne na wani babban tudu da ke lullube da ciyayi.  Har ila yau kasar ta ƙunshi yankin kudancin tafkin Victoria a kan iyakarta ta arewa da Uganda da Kenya. A fannin gudanarwa, an raba Tanzania zuwa yankuna 31, <ref name="Statoids">{{Cite web |title=Regions of Tanzania |url=http://www.statoids.com/utz.html |access-date=6 December 2014 |publisher=Statoids}}</ref> tare da ashirin da biyar a cikin ƙasa, uku a kan Unguja (wanda aka sani da tsibirin Zanzibar), da biyu a Tsibirin Pemba. == Kididdiga == [[Fayil:Tanzania_Roads_&_Rails.png|right|thumb|356x356px|Taswirar hanya ta Tanzania]] '''Wurin:''': [[Gabashin Afirka]], iyaka da [[Tekun Indiya]], tsakanin [[Kenya]] da [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]. '''Yanayin ƙasa:''' 6°00′S 35°00′E / 6.000°S 35.000°E / -6.000; 35.000<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|6|00|S|35|00|E|type:country}} '''Yankin:''' <ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/}}</ref> ''bayanin kula:'' ya haɗa da tsibirin Mafia, Pemba, da Unguja * ''jimillar:'': kilomita 947,300 (365,800 sq * ''ƙasa:'' kilomita 885,800 (342,000 sq * ''ruwa:'' kilomita 61,500 (23,700 sq ; Yankin kwatankwacin :* Kwatanta Ostiraliya: dan kadan karami fiye da Kudancin OstiraliyaKudancin Australia :* Kwatanta Kanada: kusan girman [[British Columbia]] :* Kwatanta Amurka: kusan sau uku girman [[New Mexico]] :* Kwatanta EU: dan kadan fiye da sau uku na girman [[Poland]] '''Yankunan ƙasa:'''<ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ "''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013"]. 15 November 2022.</cite></ref> * ''jimillar:'': kilomita 3,861 (2,399 * ''Kasashen iyaka:'' [[Burundi]] kilomita 451 (280 , Kenya kilomita 769 (478 , [[Malawi]] kilomita 475 (295 , Mozambique kilomita 756 (470 , [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] kilomita 217 (135 , [[Uganda]] kilomita 396 (246 , [[Zambiya|Zambia]] kilomita 338 (210 , [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] kilomita 459 (285 '''Yankin bakin teku:''' kilomita 1,424 (885 <ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ "''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013"]. 15 November 2022.</cite></ref> * ''exclusive economic zone:'' {{Convert|241,888|km2|mi2}} and {{Convert|200|nmi|km mi|1}} * ''territorial sea:'' {{Convert|12|nmi|km mi|1}}<ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ "''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013"]. 15 November 2022.</cite></ref> '''Yankin:''' filayen da ke bakin tekun; tsakiya na tsakiya; tsaunuka a arewa, kudu <ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ "''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013"]. 15 November 2022.</cite></ref> '''Tsakanin tsawo:'''<ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ "''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013"]. 15 November 2022.</cite></ref> * ''mafi ƙasƙanci:'' [[Tekun Indiya]] 0 m * mafi girman matsayi: [[Dutsen Kilimanjaro]] mita 5,895 (19,341 '''Albarkatun halitta:''' wutar lantarki, tin, phosphate, ƙarfe, kwal, lu'u-lu'u, duwatsu masu daraja, [[Zinare|zinariya]], iskar gas, nickel <ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ "''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013"]. 15 November 2022.</cite></ref> * ''ƙasar noma:'' 12.25% <ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ "''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013"]. 15 November 2022.</cite></ref> * ''amfanin gona na dindindin:'' 1.79% <ref name="CIA" /> * wani: 85.96% (2011) '''Yankin da ake ban ruwa:''' kilomita 1,843 (712 sq (2003) <ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ "''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013"]. 15 November 2022.</cite></ref> '''Jimlar albarkatun ruwa masu sabuntawa:''' {{Convert|96.27|km3}} cu (2011) * ambaliyar ruwa a tsakiyar tsaunin a lokacin ruwan sama; fari * ''dutsen wuta:'' iyakance aikin dutsen wuta; [[Ol Doinyo Lengai]] (hawan mita 2,962 (9,718 ) ya fitar da laka a cikin 'yan shekarun nan; wasu dutsen wuta masu aiki a tarihi sun hada da Kieyo da Meru <ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ "''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013"]. 15 November 2022.</cite></ref> '''Muhalli - batutuwan yanzu:''' lalacewar ƙasa; [[Gandun daji|sare daji]]; hamada; lalacewar coral reef yana barazana ga wuraren zama na ruwa; fari na baya-bayan nan ya shafi aikin gona na gefe; namun daji da ke fuskantar barazanar farauta da kasuwanci ba bisa ka'ida ba, musamman ga hauren giwa <ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ "''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013"]. 15 November 2022.</cite></ref> '''Muhalli - yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa''': <ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ "''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013"]. 15 November 2022.</cite></ref> * ''jam'iyya zuwa:'' ** Biodiversity ** Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi ** [[Yarjejeniyar Kyoto|Yarjejeniyar Kyoto zuwa Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi]] ** Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Yaki da Yaki da Hamada a cikin Waɗannan ƙasashe da ke fuskantar fari mai tsanani da / ko Yaki, Musamman a Afirka ** Yarjejeniyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya a cikin Dabbobi da Flora da ke cikin haɗari ** [[Taron Basel|Yarjejeniyar Basel kan Kula da Motsawa na Ƙasashen Ƙasashen Hadari da Kashewa]] ** [[Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar Teku|Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar Tekun]] ** Yarjejeniyar Vienna don Kare Yankin Ozone ** Yarjejeniya kan Yankunan Ruwa na Muhimmancin Duniya, musamman a matsayin Gidan tsuntsaye == Yanayin Yanayi == Arewa maso Gabashin Tanzaniya tana baje kolin tuddai kuma ya haɗa da Dutsen Meru, dutsen mai aman wuta, Dutsen Kilimanjaro, dutsen mai aman wuta, da tsaunin Usambara da Pare. Kilimanjaro yana jan hankalin dubban 'yan yawon bude ido kowace shekara. Yammacin waɗannan tsaunuka shine Gregory Rift, wanda shine hannun gabas na Babban Rift Valley. A kasan ramin akwai wasu manyan tafkunan gishiri da suka hada da Natron a arewa, Manyara a kudu, da Eyasi a kudu maso yamma. Rikicin ya kuma hada da tsaunukan Crater, wanda ya hada da yankin Ngorongoro Conservation Area da kuma kogin Ngorongoro. Kusan kudu da tafkin Natron shine Ol Doinyo Lengai mai tsayin mita 3,188 (10,459 ft), [1] kawai dutsen mai aman wuta a duniya don samar da natrocarbonatite lava. A yammacin tsaunukan Crater akwai wurin shakatawa na Serengeti, wanda ya shahara ga zakuna, damisa, giwaye, karkanda, da bauna tare da ƙaura na shekara-shekara na miliyoyin fararen gemu daji. Kusan kudu maso gabas na wurin shakatawa shine Olduvai Gorge, inda aka sami yawancin tsoffin kasusuwa da kayan tarihi na homini. Ƙarin arewa maso yamma shine Tafkin Victoria a kan iyakar [[Kenya]]-[[Uganda]]-Tanzania . Wannan ita ce tafkin da ya fi girma a Afirka ta hanyar farfajiyar kuma ana kiranta da al'ada a matsayin tushen [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]]. Kudu maso yammacin wannan, wanda ke raba Tanzania daga [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], shine [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] . An kiyasta wannan tafkin shine tafkin na biyu mafi zurfi a duniya bayan Tafkin Baikal a Siberia. Yankin yammacin ƙasar tsakanin Lakes Victoria, Tanganyika, da Malawi ya ƙunshi ƙasa mai laushi wanda Asusun Kula da namun daji na Duniya ya rarraba shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na yankin gandun daji na Zambezi na Tsakiya. Kawai a saman ruwa daga Kalambo Falls, akwai ɗayan mahimman wuraren binciken archaeological a Afirka. Kudancin tsaunuka na Tanzania suna cikin yankin kudu maso yammacin ƙasar, a kusa da ƙarshen arewacin [[Tabkin Malawi|Tafkin Malawi]]. Mbeya ita ce birni mafi girma a Kudancin Highlands . Cibiyar Tanzania babban tudu ne, wanda yake wani ɓangare na Gabashin Afirka. Rabin kudancin wannan tudu shine ciyawa a cikin yankin gandun daji na Gabashin Miombo, mafi yawansu an rufe su da babbar Gidan shakatawa na Selous. Ƙarin arewacin fili yana da ƙasa mai noma kuma ya haɗa da babban birnin ƙasa, [[Dodoma]] . Gabashin gabar teku ya ƙunshi birni mafi girma a Tanzania da tsohon babban birnin, [[Dar es Salaam]] . Kusan arewacin wannan birni yana da Tsibirin Zanzibar, wani yanki mai cin gashin kansa na Tanzania wanda ya shahara da kayan yaji. Yankin bakin tekun yana da yankunan mangrove na Gabashin Afirka, mangrove maras kyau waɗanda ke da muhimmanci ga namun daji a ƙasa da ruwa. Wani bincike na nesa na duniya na baya-bayan nan ya ba da shawarar cewa akwai 1,256km2 na filayen ruwa a Tanzania, yana mai da shi ƙasa ta 26 dangane da yankin filayen ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Murray |first=N.J. |last2=Phinn |first2=S.R. |last3=DeWitt |first3=M. |last4=Ferrari |first4=R. |last5=Johnston |first5=R. |last6=Lyons |first6=M.B. |last7=Clinton |first7=N. |last8=Thau |first8=D. |last9=Fuller |first9=R.A. |date=2019 |title=The global distribution and trajectory of tidal flats |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0805-8 |journal=Nature |volume=565 |issue=7738 |pages=222–225 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0805-8 |pmid=30568300 |s2cid=56481043 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Rashin ruwa === Gabashin da tsakiyar Tanzania suna zubar da koguna da ke shiga cikin Tekun Indiya. Manyan koguna sune, daga arewa zuwa kudu, Pangani, Wami, Ruvu, Rufiji, Matandu, Mbwemkuru, da Kogin Ruvuma, wanda ya zama iyakar kudancin Mozambique. Yawancin Arewacin Tanzania suna shiga cikin Tafkin Victoria, wanda ke kwarara cikin [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]]. Yankin yammacin Tanzania yana cikin ruwa na [[Tafkin Tanganyika]], wanda ke shiga cikin [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]]. Kogin Malagarasi shine mafi girman ruwa na Tafkin Tanganyika. Wani ɓangare na kudu maso yammacin Tanzania ya shiga cikin [[Tabkin Malawi|Tafkin Malawi]], wanda ya kwarara kudu zuwa [[Kogin Zambezi]]. Yankin Kudancin Gabas na Arewa maso Tsakiyar Tanzania ya ƙunshi tafkuna da yawa, waɗanda ba su da hanyar zuwa teku kuma suna shiga cikin gishiri da / ko tabkuna. Tafkin Rukwa a yammacin tsakiyar Tanzania, wani tafkin endorheic ne. == Yanayi == Tanzania has a mainly [[Yanayin zafi|tropical climate]] but has regional variations due to topography.<ref name="UNDP">{{Cite web |title="UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles: Tanzania", C. McSweeney (University of Oxford), M. New (University of Oxford and Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research), and G. Lizcano (University of Oxford) |url=http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/research/climate/projects/undp-cp/UNDP_reports/Tanzania/Tanzania.lowres.report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120034314/https://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/research/climate/projects/undp-cp/UNDP_reports/Tanzania/Tanzania.lowres.report.pdf |archive-date=2022-01-20 |access-date=2012-09-20}}</ref> In the highlands, temperatures range between {{Convert|10|and|20|C|F}} during cold and hot seasons respectively and a subtropical highland climate is found. The rest of the country has temperatures rarely falling lower than {{Convert|20|C}}. The hottest period extends between November and February ({{Convert|25|-|31|C|F|1}}) while the coldest period occurs between May and August ({{Convert|15|-|20|C|F}}). Ruwan sama na yanayi ya samo asali ne daga ƙaurawar Yankin Haɗuwa na Intertropical. Yana ƙaura zuwa kudu ta hanyar Tanzania a watan Oktoba zuwa Disamba, yana isa kudancin ƙasar a watan Janairu da Fabrairu, kuma yana dawowa arewa a watan Maris, Afrilu, da Mayu. Wannan yana haifar da arewa da gabashin Tanzania su fuskanci lokuta biyu daban-daban na rigar - gajeren ruwan sama (ko "Vuli") a watan Oktoba har zuwa Disamba da kuma dogon ruwan sama (Ko "Masika") daga Maris zuwa Mayu - yayin da kudancin, yamma, da sassan tsakiya na ƙasar suna fuskantar lokacin rigar da ke ci gaba zuwa Oktoba zuwa Afrilu ko Mayu.<ref name="UNDP">{{Cite web |title="UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles: Tanzania", C. McSweeney (University of Oxford), M. New (University of Oxford and Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research), and G. Lizcano (University of Oxford) |url=http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/research/climate/projects/undp-cp/UNDP_reports/Tanzania/Tanzania.lowres.report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120034314/https://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/research/climate/projects/undp-cp/UNDP_reports/Tanzania/Tanzania.lowres.report.pdf |archive-date=2022-01-20 |access-date=2012-09-20}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220120034314/https://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/research/climate/projects/undp-cp/UNDP_reports/Tanzania/Tanzania.lowres.report.pdf ""UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles: Tanzania", C. McSweeney (University of Oxford), M. New (University of Oxford and Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research), and G. Lizcano (University of Oxford)"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from [http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/research/climate/projects/undp-cp/UNDP_reports/Tanzania/Tanzania.lowres.report.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2022-01-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Wasu yankuna na cikin gida na Tanzania suna da yanayin zafi mai zafi. A duk faɗin Tanzania, farawar ruwan sama mai tsawo ya kai 25 Maris kuma dakatarwar ya kai 21 Mayu. Kudancin Tekun Atlantika mai dumi fiye da na yau da kullun tare da sanyi fiye da na Gabashin Tekun Indiya sau da yawa yana haifar da jinkirta farawa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Camberlin |first=P. |last2=Okoola |first2=R. E. |year=2003 |title=The onset and cessation of the "long rains" in eastern Africa and their interannual variability |url=http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00704-002-0721-5#page-1 |journal=Theoretical and Applied Climatology |volume=75 |issue=1–2 |pages=43–54 |bibcode=2003ThApC..75...43C |doi=10.1007/s00704-002-0721-5 |s2cid=118140053 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Misalan === [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] q5ef1by9hzy3lf33m4rcyg14kg7d2c4 821053 821051 2026-04-14T06:10:40Z BnHamid 12586 821053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Tz-map.png|right|thumb|274x274px|Taswirar Tanzania]] [[Fayil:LocationTanzania.svg|thumb|300x300px|Yanayin Tanzania]] [[Fayil:Tanzania_Topography.png|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar taswirar Tanzania]] [[Fayil:Koppen-Geiger_Map_TZA_present.svg|thumb|336x336px|Taswirar rarraba yanayi ta Köppen na Tanzania]] Tanzaniya ta ƙunshi tafkuna da yawa, wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa, da mafi girman matsayi na Afirka, Dutsen Kilimanjaro (mita 5,895 (mita 19,341 ft)).  Arewa maso gabashin Tanzaniya na da tsaunuka, yayin da yankin tsakiyar yankin wani yanki ne na wani babban tudu da ke lullube da ciyayi.  Har ila yau kasar ta ƙunshi yankin kudancin tafkin Victoria a kan iyakarta ta arewa da Uganda da Kenya. A fannin gudanarwa, an raba Tanzania zuwa yankuna 31, <ref name="Statoids">{{Cite web |title=Regions of Tanzania |url=http://www.statoids.com/utz.html |access-date=6 December 2014 |publisher=Statoids}}</ref> tare da ashirin da biyar a cikin ƙasa, uku a kan Unguja (wanda aka sani da tsibirin Zanzibar), da biyu a Tsibirin Pemba. == Kididdiga == [[Fayil:Tanzania_Roads_&_Rails.png|right|thumb|356x356px|Taswirar hanya ta Tanzania]] '''Wurin:''': [[Gabashin Afirka]], iyaka da [[Tekun Indiya]], tsakanin [[Kenya]] da [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]. '''Yanayin ƙasa:''' 6°00′S 35°00′E / 6.000°S 35.000°E / -6.000; 35.000<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|6|00|S|35|00|E|type:country}} '''Yankin:''' <ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/}}</ref> ''bayanin kula:'' ya haɗa da tsibirin Mafia, Pemba, da Unguja * ''jimillar:'': kilomita 947,300 (365,800 sq * ''ƙasa:'' kilomita 885,800 (342,000 sq * ''ruwa:'' kilomita 61,500 (23,700 sq ; Yankin kwatankwacin :* Kwatanta Ostiraliya: dan kadan karami fiye da Kudancin OstiraliyaKudancin Australia :* Kwatanta Kanada: kusan girman [[British Columbia]] :* Kwatanta Amurka: kusan sau uku girman [[New Mexico]] :* Kwatanta EU: dan kadan fiye da sau uku na girman [[Poland]] '''Yankunan ƙasa:'''<ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ "''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013"]. 15 November 2022.</cite></ref> * ''jimillar:'': kilomita 3,861 (2,399 * ''Kasashen iyaka:'' [[Burundi]] kilomita 451 (280 , Kenya kilomita 769 (478 , [[Malawi]] kilomita 475 (295 , Mozambique kilomita 756 (470 , [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] kilomita 217 (135 , [[Uganda]] kilomita 396 (246 , [[Zambiya|Zambia]] kilomita 338 (210 , [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] kilomita 459 (285 '''Yankin bakin teku:''' kilomita 1,424 (885 <ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ "''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013"]. 15 November 2022.</cite></ref> * ''exclusive economic zone:'' {{Convert|241,888|km2|mi2}} and {{Convert|200|nmi|km mi|1}} * ''territorial sea:'' {{Convert|12|nmi|km mi|1}}<ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ "''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013"]. 15 November 2022.</cite></ref> '''Yankin:''' filayen da ke bakin tekun; tsakiya na tsakiya; tsaunuka a arewa, kudu <ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ "''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013"]. 15 November 2022.</cite></ref> '''Tsakanin tsawo:'''<ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ "''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013"]. 15 November 2022.</cite></ref> * ''mafi ƙasƙanci:'' [[Tekun Indiya]] 0 m * mafi girman matsayi: [[Dutsen Kilimanjaro]] mita 5,895 (19,341 '''Albarkatun halitta:''' wutar lantarki, tin, phosphate, ƙarfe, kwal, lu'u-lu'u, duwatsu masu daraja, [[Zinare|zinariya]], iskar gas, nickel <ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ "''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013"]. 15 November 2022.</cite></ref> * ''ƙasar noma:'' 12.25% <ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ "''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013"]. 15 November 2022.</cite></ref> * ''amfanin gona na dindindin:'' 1.79% <ref name="CIA" /> * wani: 85.96% (2011) '''Yankin da ake ban ruwa:''' kilomita 1,843 (712 sq (2003) <ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ "''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013"]. 15 November 2022.</cite></ref> '''Jimlar albarkatun ruwa masu sabuntawa:''' {{Convert|96.27|km3}} cu (2011) * ambaliyar ruwa a tsakiyar tsaunin a lokacin ruwan sama; fari * ''dutsen wuta:'' iyakance aikin dutsen wuta; [[Ol Doinyo Lengai]] (hawan mita 2,962 (9,718 ) ya fitar da laka a cikin 'yan shekarun nan; wasu dutsen wuta masu aiki a tarihi sun hada da Kieyo da Meru <ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ "''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013"]. 15 November 2022.</cite></ref> '''Muhalli - batutuwan yanzu:''' lalacewar ƙasa; [[Gandun daji|sare daji]]; hamada; lalacewar coral reef yana barazana ga wuraren zama na ruwa; fari na baya-bayan nan ya shafi aikin gona na gefe; namun daji da ke fuskantar barazanar farauta da kasuwanci ba bisa ka'ida ba, musamman ga hauren giwa <ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ "''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013"]. 15 November 2022.</cite></ref> '''Muhalli - yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa''': <ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ "''The World Factbook - Tanzania'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 29 April 2013"]. 15 November 2022.</cite></ref> * ''jam'iyya zuwa:'' ** Biodiversity ** Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi ** [[Yarjejeniyar Kyoto|Yarjejeniyar Kyoto zuwa Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi]] ** Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Yaki da Yaki da Hamada a cikin Waɗannan ƙasashe da ke fuskantar fari mai tsanani da / ko Yaki, Musamman a Afirka ** Yarjejeniyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya a cikin Dabbobi da Flora da ke cikin haɗari ** [[Taron Basel|Yarjejeniyar Basel kan Kula da Motsawa na Ƙasashen Ƙasashen Hadari da Kashewa]] ** [[Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar Teku|Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar Tekun]] ** Yarjejeniyar Vienna don Kare Yankin Ozone ** Yarjejeniya kan Yankunan Ruwa na Muhimmancin Duniya, musamman a matsayin Gidan tsuntsaye == Yanayin Yanayi == Arewa maso Gabashin Tanzaniya tana baje kolin tuddai kuma ya haɗa da Dutsen Meru, dutsen mai aman wuta, Dutsen Kilimanjaro, dutsen mai aman wuta, da tsaunin Usambara da Pare. Kilimanjaro yana jan hankalin dubban 'yan yawon bude ido kowace shekara. Yammacin waɗannan tsaunuka shine Gregory Rift, wanda shine hannun gabas na Babban Rift Valley. A kasan ramin akwai wasu manyan tafkunan gishiri da suka hada da Natron a arewa, Manyara a kudu, da Eyasi a kudu maso yamma. Rikicin ya kuma hada da tsaunukan Crater, wanda ya hada da yankin Ngorongoro Conservation Area da kuma kogin Ngorongoro. Kusan kudu da tafkin Natron shine Ol Doinyo Lengai mai tsayin mita 3,188 (10,459 ft), [1] kawai dutsen mai aman wuta a duniya don samar da natrocarbonatite lava. A yammacin tsaunukan Crater akwai wurin shakatawa na Serengeti, wanda ya shahara ga zakuna, damisa, giwaye, karkanda, da bauna tare da ƙaura na shekara-shekara na miliyoyin fararen gemu daji. Kusan kudu maso gabas na wurin shakatawa shine Olduvai Gorge, inda aka sami yawancin tsoffin kasusuwa da kayan tarihi na homini. Ƙarin arewa maso yamma shine Tafkin Victoria a kan iyakar [[Kenya]]-[[Uganda]]-Tanzania . Wannan ita ce tafkin da ya fi girma a Afirka ta hanyar farfajiyar kuma ana kiranta da al'ada a matsayin tushen [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]]. Kudu maso yammacin wannan, wanda ke raba Tanzania daga [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], shine [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] . An kiyasta wannan tafkin shine tafkin na biyu mafi zurfi a duniya bayan Tafkin Baikal a Siberia. Yankin yammacin ƙasar tsakanin Lakes Victoria, Tanganyika, da Malawi ya ƙunshi ƙasa mai laushi wanda Asusun Kula da namun daji na Duniya ya rarraba shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na yankin gandun daji na Zambezi na Tsakiya. Kawai a saman ruwa daga Kalambo Falls, akwai ɗayan mahimman wuraren binciken archaeological a Afirka. Kudancin tsaunuka na Tanzania suna cikin yankin kudu maso yammacin ƙasar, a kusa da ƙarshen arewacin [[Tabkin Malawi|Tafkin Malawi]]. Mbeya ita ce birni mafi girma a Kudancin Highlands . Cibiyar Tanzania babban tudu ne, wanda yake wani ɓangare na Gabashin Afirka. Rabin kudancin wannan tudu shine ciyawa a cikin yankin gandun daji na Gabashin Miombo, mafi yawansu an rufe su da babbar Gidan shakatawa na Selous. Ƙarin arewacin fili yana da ƙasa mai noma kuma ya haɗa da babban birnin ƙasa, [[Dodoma]] . Gabashin gabar teku ya ƙunshi birni mafi girma a Tanzania da tsohon babban birnin, [[Dar es Salaam]] . Kusan arewacin wannan birni yana da Tsibirin Zanzibar, wani yanki mai cin gashin kansa na Tanzania wanda ya shahara da kayan yaji. Yankin bakin tekun yana da yankunan mangrove na Gabashin Afirka, mangrove maras kyau waɗanda ke da muhimmanci ga namun daji a ƙasa da ruwa. Wani bincike na nesa na duniya na baya-bayan nan ya ba da shawarar cewa akwai 1,256km2 na filayen ruwa a Tanzania, yana mai da shi ƙasa ta 26 dangane da yankin filayen ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Murray |first=N.J. |last2=Phinn |first2=S.R. |last3=DeWitt |first3=M. |last4=Ferrari |first4=R. |last5=Johnston |first5=R. |last6=Lyons |first6=M.B. |last7=Clinton |first7=N. |last8=Thau |first8=D. |last9=Fuller |first9=R.A. |date=2019 |title=The global distribution and trajectory of tidal flats |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0805-8 |journal=Nature |volume=565 |issue=7738 |pages=222–225 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0805-8 |pmid=30568300 |s2cid=56481043 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Rashin ruwa === Gabashin da tsakiyar Tanzania suna zubar da koguna da ke shiga cikin Tekun Indiya. Manyan koguna sune, daga arewa zuwa kudu, Pangani, Wami, Ruvu, Rufiji, Matandu, Mbwemkuru, da Kogin Ruvuma, wanda ya zama iyakar kudancin Mozambique. Yawancin Arewacin Tanzania suna shiga cikin Tafkin Victoria, wanda ke kwarara cikin [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]]. Yankin yammacin Tanzania yana cikin ruwa na [[Tafkin Tanganyika]], wanda ke shiga cikin [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]]. Kogin Malagarasi shine mafi girman ruwa na Tafkin Tanganyika. Wani ɓangare na kudu maso yammacin Tanzania ya shiga cikin [[Tabkin Malawi|Tafkin Malawi]], wanda ya kwarara kudu zuwa [[Kogin Zambezi]]. Yankin Kudancin Gabas na Arewa maso Tsakiyar Tanzania ya ƙunshi tafkuna da yawa, waɗanda ba su da hanyar zuwa teku kuma suna shiga cikin gishiri da / ko tabkuna. Tafkin Rukwa a yammacin tsakiyar Tanzania, wani tafkin endorheic ne. == Yanayi == Tanzania has a mainly [[Yanayin zafi|tropical climate]] but has regional variations due to topography.<ref name="UNDP">{{Cite web |title="UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles: Tanzania", C. McSweeney (University of Oxford), M. New (University of Oxford and Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research), and G. Lizcano (University of Oxford) |url=http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/research/climate/projects/undp-cp/UNDP_reports/Tanzania/Tanzania.lowres.report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120034314/https://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/research/climate/projects/undp-cp/UNDP_reports/Tanzania/Tanzania.lowres.report.pdf |archive-date=2022-01-20 |access-date=2012-09-20}}</ref> In the highlands, temperatures range between {{Convert|10|and|20|C|F}} during cold and hot seasons respectively and a subtropical highland climate is found. The rest of the country has temperatures rarely falling lower than {{Convert|20|C}}. The hottest period extends between November and February ({{Convert|25|-|31|C|F|1}}) while the coldest period occurs between May and August ({{Convert|15|-|20|C|F}}). Ruwan sama na yanayi ya samo asali ne daga ƙaurawar Yankin Haɗuwa na Intertropical. Yana ƙaura zuwa kudu ta hanyar Tanzania a watan Oktoba zuwa Disamba, yana isa kudancin ƙasar a watan Janairu da Fabrairu, kuma yana dawowa arewa a watan Maris, Afrilu, da Mayu. Wannan yana haifar da arewa da gabashin Tanzania su fuskanci lokuta biyu daban-daban na rigar - gajeren ruwan sama (ko "Vuli") a watan Oktoba har zuwa Disamba da kuma dogon ruwan sama (Ko "Masika") daga Maris zuwa Mayu - yayin da kudancin, yamma, da sassan tsakiya na ƙasar suna fuskantar lokacin rigar da ke ci gaba zuwa Oktoba zuwa Afrilu ko Mayu.<ref name="UNDP">{{Cite web |title="UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles: Tanzania", C. McSweeney (University of Oxford), M. New (University of Oxford and Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research), and G. Lizcano (University of Oxford) |url=http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/research/climate/projects/undp-cp/UNDP_reports/Tanzania/Tanzania.lowres.report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120034314/https://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/research/climate/projects/undp-cp/UNDP_reports/Tanzania/Tanzania.lowres.report.pdf |archive-date=2022-01-20 |access-date=2012-09-20}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220120034314/https://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/research/climate/projects/undp-cp/UNDP_reports/Tanzania/Tanzania.lowres.report.pdf ""UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles: Tanzania", C. McSweeney (University of Oxford), M. New (University of Oxford and Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research), and G. Lizcano (University of Oxford)"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from [http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/research/climate/projects/undp-cp/UNDP_reports/Tanzania/Tanzania.lowres.report.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2022-01-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Wasu yankuna na cikin gida na Tanzania suna da yanayin zafi mai zafi. A duk faɗin Tanzania, farawar ruwan sama mai tsawo ya kai 25 Maris kuma dakatarwar ya kai 21 Mayu. Kudancin Tekun Atlantika mai dumi fiye da na yau da kullun tare da sanyi fiye da na Gabashin Tekun Indiya sau da yawa yana haifar da jinkirta farawa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Camberlin |first=P. |last2=Okoola |first2=R. E. |year=2003 |title=The onset and cessation of the "long rains" in eastern Africa and their interannual variability |url=http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00704-002-0721-5#page-1 |journal=Theoretical and Applied Climatology |volume=75 |issue=1–2 |pages=43–54 |bibcode=2003ThApC..75...43C |doi=10.1007/s00704-002-0721-5 |s2cid=118140053 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qqn045bgdv9jm5l1gybjcpcrtuy8rsk 0 111924 820792 693795 2026-04-13T14:26:27Z BnHamid 12586 820792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Chile-CIA_WFB_Map.png|right|thumb|Taswirar [[Chile]]]] Wannan jerin birane ne a Chile. Cibiyar Kididdiga ta Kasa ta Chile (INE) ce ta ayyana birni a matsayin “haɗin birn] tare da mazauna sama da 5,000. Wannan jeri ya dogara ne akan rahoton watan Yuni na 2005 da INE ya yi dangane da ƙidayar jama'a ta 2002 wadda ta yi rajistar birane 239 a faɗin ƙasar. == Cikakken jerin birane ta yanki == {| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style="text-align: right" !Yankin !Birni !Yawan jama'a (ƙidayar jama'a ta 2017) <br /> !Yawan jama'a (ƙidayar jama'a ta 2002) <br /> !Yankin (km²) <br /> !Yawan jama'a (/km²) <br /> |- | align="left" |{{Flag|Arica and Parinacota Region}} | align="left" |Arica |221,364 |175,441 |41.89 |4,188 |- | align="left" |{{Flag|Tarapacá}} | align="left" |Rashin hankali |191,468 |164,396 |22.12 |7,432 |- | align="left" |Tarapacá | align="left" |Babban Asibitin |108,375 |50,190 |17.45 |2,876 |- | align="left" |Tarapacá | align="left" |Ramin Almonte |15,711 |6,384 |3.05 |2,093 |- | align="left" |{{Flag|Antofagasta}} | align="left" |Antofagasta |361,873 |285,255 |43.54 |6,552 |- | align="left" |Antofagasta | align="left" |Calama |165,371 |126,135 |18.21 |6,927 |- | align="left" |Antofagasta | align="left" |Tocopilla |25,186 |23,352 |7.00 |3,336 |- | align="left" |Antofagasta | align="left" |Chuquicamata |0 |10,465 |4.70 |2,227 |- | align="left" |Antofagasta | align="left" |Tsawon lokaci |13,317 |9,564 |3.45 |2,772 |- | align="left" |Antofagasta | align="left" |Tashar Zaldívar | |9,053 |0.12 |75,442 |- | align="left" |Antofagasta | align="left" |Mejillones |13,467 |7,825 |4.67 |1,676 |- | align="left" |Antofagasta | align="left" |María Elena |6,457 |7,412 |1.52 |4,876 |- | align="left" |{{Flag|Atacama}} | align="left" |Copiapó |174,309 |125,983 |47.77 |2,637 |- | align="left" |Atacama | align="left" |Rashin jituwa |51,917 |43,750 |13.91 |3,145 |- | align="left" |Atacama | align="left" |Caldera |17,662 |12,776 |8.48 |1,507 |- | align="left" |Atacama | align="left" |Chañaral |12,219 |12,086 |7.34 |1,647 |- | align="left" |Atacama | align="left" |El Salvador | |8,697 |3.35 |2,596 |- | align="left" |Atacama | align="left" |Yankin Yellow |14,019 |8,578 |13.48 |636 |- | align="left" |Atacama | align="left" |Diego de Almagro |13,925 |7,951 |4.05 |1,963 |- | align="left" |Atacama | align="left" |Huasco |10,149 |6,445 |2.73 |2,361 |- | align="left" |{{Flag|Coquimbo}} | align="left" |Coquimbo |256,735 |148,438 |41.82 |3,549 |- | align="left" |Coquimbo | align="left" |Serena |249,656 |147,815 |65.59 |2,254 |- | align="left" |Coquimbo | align="left" |Yankin da ya dace |121,269 |66,405 |11.46 |5,795 |- | align="left" |Coquimbo | align="left" |Illapel | |21,826 |7.39 |2,953 |- | align="left" |Coquimbo | align="left" |Vicuña |29,721 |12,910 |4.68 |2,759 |- | align="left" |Coquimbo | align="left" |Salamanca |29,110 |11,615 |4.37 |2,658 |- | align="left" |Coquimbo | align="left" |Los Vilos |23,374 |10,966 |4.11 |2,668 |- | align="left" |Coquimbo | align="left" |Andacollo |11,044 |9,444 |3.34 |2,828 |- | align="left" |Coquimbo | align="left" |Yaƙi |13,322 |5,494 |2.20 |2,497 |- | align="left" |Coquimbo | align="left" |El Palqui |6,175 |5,266 |1.36 |3,872 |- | align="left" |Coquimbo | align="left" |Dutsen Patria |30,751 |5,219 |2.35 |2,221 |- | align="left" |{{Flag|Valparaíso}} | align="left" |Viña del Mar |334,248 |286,931 |87.33 |3,286 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |[[Valparaiso|Valparaíso]] |296,655 |263,499 |47.33 |5,567 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Rashin jin daɗi |151,708 |126,893 |38.06 |3,334 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Villa Alemana |126,548 |94,802 |31.26 |3,033 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |San Antonio |91,350 |83,435 |21.02 |3,969 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Quillota |90,517 |62,231 |15.13 |4,113 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Andes |66,708 |55,127 |16.42 |3,357 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |San Felipe |76,844 |53,017 |18.11 |2,927 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |La Calera |50,544 |47,836 |16.18 |2,956 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Limache |46,121 |34,948 |18.63 |1,876 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Concón |42,152 |31,558 |26.00 |1,214 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Quintero |31,923 |18,719 |17.01 |1,100 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Ligua |35,390 |17,048 |5.18 |3,291 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Llay-Llay |24,608 |16,215 |6.56 |2,472 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Cartagena |22,738 |15,302 |14.05 |1,089 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Casablanca |26,827 |14,437 |7.02 |2,057 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Cabildo |19,388 |11,287 |4.68 |2,412 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Gilashin Peñuelas |39,344 |10,811 |6.71 |1,611 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Gicciye |22,098 |10,611 |14.03 |756 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Olmué |17,516 |10,379 |19.07 |544 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Melon | |9,729 |5.68 |1,713 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Nogales |22,120 |8,969 |3.84 |2,336 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |El Quisco |15,955 |8,931 |16.02 |557 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Gidajen yara |17,988 |8,196 |7.81 |1,049 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |San Esteban |18,855 |7,542 |6.81 |1,107 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Putaendo |16,754 |7,214 |7.68 |939 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Catemu |13,998 |6,706 |3.45 |1,944 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Santa Maria |15,241 |6,443 |6.10 |1,056 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Fensho |8,630 |5,957 |12.84 |464 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Algarrobo |13,817 |5,827 |11.38 |512 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Rinconada |10,207 |5,727 |13.51 |424 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Long Street |14,832 |4,966 |3.82 |1,300 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |Santo Domingo |10,900 |4,583 |13.83 |331 |- | align="left" |Valparaíso | align="left" |El Tabo<ref name="conurb" group="note" /> |13,286 |3,823 |12.44 |307 |- | align="left" |{{Flag|Santiago Metropolitan Region}} | align="left" |Babbar Babbar Babba |568,106 |492,603 |63.73 |7,730 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Maipú |521,627 |463,103 |54.89 |8,437 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Florida |366,916 |365,563 |39.07 |9,357 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Las Condes |294,838 |249,893 |99.17 |2,520 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |San Bernardo |301,313 |237,708 |51.61 |4,606 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Peñalolén |241,599 |216,060 |54.41 |3,971 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |[[Santiago de Chile|Santiago]] |7,123,891 |4,657,000 |23.20 |8,655 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Pudahuel |240,819 |192,258 |17.92 |10,729 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |La Pintana |177,355 |190,085 |30.71 |6,190 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Dajin |162,505 |175,594 |14.31 |12,271 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Ñuñoa |255,823 |163,511 |16.86 |9,698 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Dutsen Navia |139,604 |148,312 |11.00 |13,483 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Recoleta |157,851 |148,220 |15.84 |9,357 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Renca |147,151 |133,518 |24.00 |5,563 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Conchalí |133,420 |133,256 |11.04 |12,070 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Gidan Gona |122,518 |132,520 |10.03 |13,212 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Tashar Tsakiya |148,730 |130,394 |14.43 |9,036 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Quilicura |222,048 |125,999 |38.72 |3,254 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Bayyanawa |147,826 |120,874 |14.34 |8,429 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Pedro Aguirre Cerda |106,257 |114,560 |8.91 |12,857 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Mirror |103,454 |112,800 |8.45 |13,349 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Macul |123,420 |112,535 |12.85 |8,758 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Lo Prado |100,771 |104,316 |6.55 |15,926 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Na Biyar na Al'ada |118,503 |104,012 |11.87 |8,763 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |San Joaquín |99,371 |97,625 |9.89 |9,871 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Sarauniyar |96,811 |96,762 |23.73 |4,078 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |San Ramón |86,770 |94,906 |6.37 |14,899 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Cisterna |95,652 |85,118 |10.04 |8,478 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Rayuwa |88,716 |81,499 |28.63 |2,847 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |San Miguel |114,641 |78,872 |9.71 |8,123 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Huechuraba |103,962 |74,070 |21.20 |3,494 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Barnechea |109,778 |72,278 |54.83 |1,318 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Ƙarƙashin ƙuƙwalwa |85,026 |71,906 |16.61 |4,329 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |'Yanci' yanci |105,437 |65,479 |7.42 |8,825 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Peñaflor |95,420 |63,209 |15.56 |4,062 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Tudun |152,740 |58,769 |14.46 |4,064 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Melipilla |133,232 |53,522 |10.63 |5,035 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Talagante |77,899 |49,957 |10.68 |4,678 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Da kyau |101,743 |40,091 |14.61 |2,744 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Uba Hurtado |67,299 |34,257 |7.42 |4,617 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Dutsen |37,901 |22,284 |14.16 |1,574 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Rashin lafiya |76,659 |19,620 |6.01 |3,265 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Curacaví |34,337 |15,645 |6.62 |2,363 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Lampa |107,662 |12,319 |5.63 |2,188 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Tsibirin Maipo |37,965 |12,295 |9.79 |1,256 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Islita | |6,570 |1.98 |3,318 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |San Agustín | |6,511 |2.68 |2,429 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Asibiti | |5,664 |17.55 |323 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Alto Jahuel |7,859 |5,415 |1.74 |3,112 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |San José de Maipo |17,540 |5,281 |3.46 |1,526 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Har zuwa |20,268 |5,168 |2.40 |2,153 |- | align="left" |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="left" |Jirgin ruwa<ref name="conurb" group="note" /> |28,010 |4,855 |12.22 |397 |- | align="left" |O'Higgins | align="left" |Rancagua |241,774 |206,971 |50.36 |4,110 |- | align="left" |O'Higgins | align="left" |San Fernando |76,009 |49,519 |12.37 |4,003 |- | align="left" |O'Higgins | align="left" |Rengo |61,438 |30,891 |9.28 |3,329 |- | align="left" |O'Higgins | align="left" |Machaali |55,258 |23,920 |16.19 |1,477 |- | align="left" |O'Higgins | align="left" |Gidajen ajiya |34,828 |21,615 |3.61 |5,988 |- | align="left" |O'Higgins | align="left" |San Vicente de Tagua Tagua |48,801 |18,914 |13.86 |1,365 |- | align="left" |O'Higgins | align="left" |Santa Cruz |39,540 |18,603 |8.26 |2,252 |- | align="left" |O'Higgins | align="left" |Chimbarongo |35,399 |13,795 |11.67 |1,182 |- | align="left" |O'Higgins | align="left" |Mostazal |25,343 |12,037 |3.49 |3,449 |- | align="left" |O'Higgins | align="left" |Pichilemu |16,394 |9,027 |9.70 |931 |- | align="left" |O'Higgins | align="left" |Requínoa |27,968 |8,240 |2.65 |3,109 |- | align="left" |O'Higgins | align="left" |Lo Miranda |11,095 |8,188 |9.17 |893 |- | align="left" |O'Higgins | align="left" |Doñihue |20,887 |7,402 |4.32 |1,713 |- | align="left" |O'Higgins | align="left" |Peumo |14,313 |7,392 |5.13 |1,441 |- | align="left" |O'Higgins | align="left" |Nancagua |17,833 |6,846 |2.26 |3,029 |- | align="left" |O'Higgins | align="left" |Goats |24,640 |6,190 |2.77 |2,235 |- | align="left" |O'Higgins | align="left" |Gidan Tilcoco na biyar |13,002 |5,850 |5.01 |1,168 |- | align="left" |O'Higgins | align="left" |Gultro |5,423 |5,472 |3.29 |1,663 |- | align="left" |O'Higgins | align="left" |Codegua |12,988 |5,113 |4.01 |1,275 |- | align="left" |O'Higgins | align="left" |Palmilla<ref name="conurb" group="note" /> |12,482 |2,088 |5.43 |385 |- | align="left" |Maule | align="left" |Talca |242,344 |189,505 |46.04 |4,116 |- | align="left" |Maule | align="left" |Curicó |149,530 |93,447 |20.50 |4,558 |- | align="left" |Maule | align="left" |Linares |93,602 |65,133 |16.16 |4,031 |- | align="left" |Maule | align="left" |Tsarin Mulki |46,068 |33,914 |8.68 |3,907 |- | align="left" |Maule | align="left" |Cauquenes |40,441 |30,771 |13.40 |2,296 |- | align="left" |Maule | align="left" |Molina |45,976 |27,203 |8.50 |3,200 |- | align="left" |Maule | align="left" |Tattaunawa |41,637 |26,397 |7.85 |3,363 |- | align="left" |Maule | align="left" |San Javier |45,547 |20,524 |7.42 |2,766 |- | align="left" |Maule | align="left" |San Clement |43,269 |13,398 |5.77 |2,322 |- | align="left" |Maule | align="left" |Teno |30,850 |6,729 |3.03 |2,221 |- | align="left" |Maule | align="left" |Longaví |30,534 |6,206 |2.71 |2,290 |- | align="left" |Maule | align="left" |Villa Alegre |16,221 |5,456 |3.96 |1,378 |- | align="left" |Maule | align="left" |Hualañé |9,657 |5,198 |2.64 |1,969 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |[[Concepción (Chile)|Halitta]] |220,746 |212,003 |55.95 |3,789 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Talcahuano |158,038 |161,692 |50.65 |3,192 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Chillán |184,739 |146,701 |33.41 |4,391 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Los Ángeles |212,875 |117,972 |27.35 |4,313 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Colonel |116,262 |91,469 |24.52 |3,730 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Hualpén |96,109 |85,928 |19.48 |4,411 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Chiguayante |90,068 |81,238 |33.97 |2,391 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |San Pedro de la Paz |131,808 |80,159 |49.09 |1,633 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Lota |45,920 |48,975 |9.63 |5,086 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Penco |49,371 |45,361 |12.01 |3,777 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |An ɗauke shi |58,076 |41,198 |10.44 |3,946 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Curanilahue |33,701 |30,126 |5.46 |5,518 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |San Carlos |55,278 |29,359 |9.06 |3,241 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Mulchen |30,836 |21,819 |4.49 |4,859 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Haihuwar |27,752 |20,884 |10.88 |1,919 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Lebu |26,927 |20,838 |4.92 |4,235 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Cañete |36,448 |19,839 |8.99 |2,207 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Chillán Viejo |32,166 |18,827 |7.62 |2,471 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Arauco |38,274 |16,291 |6.96 |2,341 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Laja |32,541 |16,288 |6.77 |2,406 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Hualqui |25,552 |13,724 |7.35 |1,867 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Alamos |22,067 |13,035 |6.90 |1,889 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Cabrero |30,229 |11,947 |3.31 |3,609 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Bulnes |22,329 |10,681 |3.09 |3,457 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Coelemu |16,704 |9,845 |3.54 |2,781 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Yungay |18,296 |9,288 |4.16 |2,233 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Yumbel |21,958 |8,302 |2.58 |3,218 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Quirihue |12,076 |7,952 |2.23 |3,566 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Quillón |18,247 |7,285 |4.15 |1,755 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Coihueco |27,680 |7,230 |2.66 |2,718 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Santa Juana |14,602 |7,095 |2.35 |3,019 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Santa Bárbara |14,461 |6,838 |2.35 |2,910 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |Huépil | |6,576 |2.56 |2,569 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |[[Monte Águila (Chile)|Dutsen Eagle]] | |6,090 |1.91 |3,188 |- | align="left" |Biobío | align="left" |San Rosendo<ref name="conurb" group="note" /> |3,644 |3,249 |2.22 |1,464 |- | align="left" |Araucanía | align="left" |Temuco |295,839 |227,086 |46.10 |4,926 |- | align="left" |Araucanía | align="left" |Angol |55,140 |43,801 |14.94 |2,932 |- | align="left" |Araucanía | align="left" |Uba Las Casas |79,019 |33,697 |7.13 |4,726 |- | align="left" |Araucanía | align="left" |Villarrica |57,466 |27,408 |8.13 |3,371 |- | align="left" |Araucanía | align="left" |Victoria |35,219 |23,977 |7.54 |3,180 |- | align="left" |Araucanía | align="left" |Lautaro |39,614 |18,808 |5.80 |3,243 |- | align="left" |Araucanía | align="left" |Sabuwar Daular |33,273 |14,980 |3.01 |4,977 |- | align="left" |Araucanía | align="left" |Collipulli |25,681 |14,240 |4.30 |3,312 |- | align="left" |Araucanía | align="left" |Rashin jin daɗi |24,571 |14,191 |6.54 |2,170 |- | align="left" |Araucanía | align="left" |Traiguén |19,275 |14,140 |4.92 |2,874 |- | align="left" |Araucanía | align="left" |Pucon |28,796 |13,750 |9.53 |1,443 |- | align="left" |Araucanía | align="left" |Pitrufquén |25,549 |13,420 |3.90 |3,441 |- | align="left" |Araucanía | align="left" |Curacautín |18,054 |12,412 |4.58 |2,710 |- | align="left" |Araucanía | align="left" |Carahue |25,369 |9,459 |2.45 |3,861 |- | align="left" |Araucanía | align="left" |Gorbea |15,140 |7,852 |3.07 |2,558 |- | align="left" |Araucanía | align="left" |Purén |12,223 |7,604 |2.76 |2,755 |- | align="left" |Araucanía | align="left" |Cunco |17,992 |7,316 |1.95 |3,752 |- | align="left" |Araucanía | align="left" |[[Labranza]] |40,000 |5,442 |2.27 |2,397 |- | align="left" |Araucanía | align="left" |Freire |25,278 |5,388 |1.30 |4,145 |- | align="left" |Araucanía | align="left" |Renaic |10,634 |5,355 |1.67 |3,207 |- | align="left" |Koguna | align="left" |Valdivia |171,725 |127,750 |42.39 |3,014 |- | align="left" |Koguna | align="left" |Tarayyar |39,281 |25,615 |10.03 |2,554 |- | align="left" |Koguna | align="left" |Rio Bueno |32,770 |15,054 |6.94 |2,169 |- | align="left" |Koguna | align="left" |Panguipulli |35,619 |11,142 |4.63 |2,406 |- | align="left" |Koguna | align="left" |Paillaco |20,575 |9,973 |2.78 |3,587 |- | align="left" |Koguna | align="left" |Tafkunan |20,430 |9,479 |5.40 |1,755 |- | align="left" |Koguna | align="left" |Lanco |17,264 |7,817 |2.56 |3,054 |- | align="left" |Koguna | align="left" |Mariquina |22,532 |7,790 |2.35 |3,315 |- | align="left" |Koguna | align="left" |Futrono |15,240 |6,603 |2.37 |2,786 |- | align="left" |Tafkunan | align="left" |Puerto Montt |245,902 |153,118 |39.58 |3,869 |- | align="left" |Tafkunan | align="left" |Osorno |170,129 |132,245 |31.82 |4,156 |- | align="left" |Tafkunan | align="left" |Castro |46,390 |29,148 |7.84 |3,718 |- | align="left" |Tafkunan | align="left" |Ancud |42,231 |27,292 |8.82 |3,094 |- | align="left" |Tafkunan | align="left" |Puerto Varas |46,283 |22,022 |9.26 |2,378 |- | align="left" |Tafkunan | align="left" |Quellón |28,499 |13,656 |3.21 |4,254 |- | align="left" |Tafkunan | align="left" |Calbuco |35,813 |12,165 |4.58 |2,656 |- | align="left" |Tafkunan | align="left" |Purranque |21,092 |11,618 |5.23 |2,221 |- | align="left" |Tafkunan | align="left" |Llanquihue |18,328 |11,447 |3.90 |2,935 |- | align="left" |Tafkunan | align="left" |'Ya'yan itace |19,649 |9,118 |4.11 |2,218 |- | align="left" |Tafkunan | align="left" |Rio Negro |14,373 |6,583 |3.85 |1,710 |- | align="left" |Tafkunan | align="left" |Fresia |12,677 |6,144 |3.22 |1,908 |- | align="left" |Tafkunan | align="left" |Muermos |17,731 |5,707 |3.61 |1,581 |- | align="left" |Aysén | align="left" |Coyhaique |60,005 |44,850 |18.27 |2,455 |- | align="left" |Aysén | align="left" |Puerto Aysén |27,644 |16,936 |7.42 |2,282 |- | align="left" |Magallanes | align="left" |Punta Arenas |136,476 |116,005 |39.03 |2,972 |- | align="left" |Magallanes | align="left" |Puerto Natales |21,477 |16,978 |5.57 |3,048 |} == Manyan birane == Wannan jerin sun hada da conurbations, "absorptions" da birane da ke da mazauna sama da 100,000, bisa ga ƙidayar shekara ta 2017. {| class="wikitable sortable" ! !Ƙungiyar Birni !Yankin !Yawan jama'a (2017) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ciudades, Pueblos, Aldeas y Caseríos |url=http://geoine-ine-chile.opendata.arcgis.com/pages/publicaciones |access-date=25 April 2019 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas}}</ref> |- !1 |'''[[Santiago de Chile|Babban Santiago]]''' |Babban Birnin Santiago | align="right" |6,139,087 |- !2 |'''Babban Valparaíso''' |Valparaíso | align="right" |935,602 |- !3 |'''Babban Concepción''' |Biobío | align="right" |719,944 |- !4 |'''Babbar La Serena''' |Coquimbo | align="right" |399,450 |- !5 |'''Antofagasta''' |Antofagasta | align="right" |348,517 |- !6 |'''Babban Temuco''' |Araucanía | align="right" |312,503 |- !7 |'''Babban Iquique''' |Tarapacá | align="right" |293,068 |- !8 |'''Babban Rancagua''' |O'Higgins | align="right" |290,029 |- !9 |'''Puerto Montt da Puerto Varas''' |Tafkunan | align="right" |238,175 |- !10 |'''Babban Talca''' |Maule | align="right" |236,347 |- !11 |'''Arica''' |Arica da Parinacota | align="right" |202,131 |- !12 |'''Babban Chillán''' |Ñuble | align="right" |191,629 |- !13 |'''Calama''' |Antofagasta | align="right" |157,575 |- !14 |'''Colonel da Lota''' |Biobío | align="right" |155,329 |- !15 |'''Copiapó''' |Atacama | align="right" |150,804 |- !16 |'''Valdivia''' |Koguna | align="right" |150,048 |- !17 |'''Babban Quillota''' |Valparaíso | align="right" |149,159 |- !18 |'''Osorno''' |Tafkunan | align="right" |147,666 |- !19 |'''Los Ángeles''' |Biobío | align="right" |143,023 |- !20 |'''Curicó''' |Maule | align="right" |125,275 |- !21 |'''Punta Arenas''' |Magallanes | align="right" |123,403 |- !22 |'''San Antonio''' |Valparaíso | align="right" |118,668 |} == Dubi kuma == * Jerin garuruwa a Chile * Gundumar Chile ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} mywlcfdepn9c1f5eegrj5h8fm91pji6 0 112532 820816 695470 2026-04-13T14:40:49Z BnHamid 12586 820816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tsattsauran ra'ayi na Paternalistic wani sashi ne na [[Conservatism|ra'ayin mazan jiya]] {{Sfn|Heywood|2015}} wanda ke nuna imanin cewa al'ummomi sun wanzu, kuma suna tasowa, ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta, kuma membobin da ke cikin su suna da wajibai ga juna. {{Sfn|Gjorshoski|2016}}{{Sfn|Heywood|2013}} Akwai girmamawa ta musamman kan wajibin iyaye, yana mai da hankali kan ra'ayi na noblesse oblige, na waɗanda ke da gata da wadata ga ɓangarorin da suka fi talauci. Ya dace da ka'idoji kamar aiki, Matsayi, da kuma tsarin mulki, ana iya ganin shi a matsayin fitowar ra'ayin gargajiya. Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ba sa goyon bayan mutum ko [[Jaha|jihar]] a ka'idar amma a maimakon haka suna shirye su goyi bayan ko kuma su ba da shawarar daidaituwa tsakanin su biyu dangane da abin da ya fi dacewa.{{Sfn|Heywood|2012}} Tsattsauran ra'ayi na Paternalistic yana jaddada ayyukan gwamnati don haifar da sa hannun gwamnati mai zurfi don haɓaka rayuwa mai kyau ga dukan 'yan ƙasa.{{Sfn|Vincent|2009}} Wannan yana haifar da hanyar gudanarwa inda ake la'akari da gwamnati a matsayin mai kirki mai tsara manufofi da tabbatar da wasa mai kyau da daidaito, tare da jaddada muhimmancin cibiyar tsaro ta zamantakewa don magance [[talauci]] da tallafawa sake rarraba dukiya, tare da tsarin gwamnati na kasuwanni don amfanin masu amfani da masu samarwa.{{Sfn|Vincent|2009}} Kodayake karɓar sa hannun gwamnati, masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ba sa goyon bayan wani abu da ya yi kama da tattalin arzikin umarni.{{Sfn|Vincent|2009}} Tsattsauran ra'ayi na Paternalistic ya fara fitowa ne sakamakon juyin juya halin masana'antu a cikin karni na 19, wanda ya haifar da rikice-rikicen zamantakewa, yanayin aiki mai ban tsoro da rashin daidaito. A Burtaniya, ra'ayin mazan jiya na Benjamin Disraeli ya nemi magance waɗannan tasirin. A cikin Ƙasar Ingila, an ci gaba da gwamnatocin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya guda ɗaya, kamar na Stanley Baldwin, Neville Chamberlain, [[Winston Churchill]], da Harold Macmillan. A cikin karni na 19 a Jamus, [[Otto von Bismarck]] ya kafa jihar jin dadin zamani ta farko, tare da burin lalata zamantakewar al'umma ta hanyar samun goyon bayan ma'aikata.{{Sfn|Steinberg|2011}} Ya aiwatar da manufofi na inshora na tilas na jihar ga ma'aikata game da rashin lafiya, haɗari, rashin iyawa da tsufa a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin Socialism na Jiha. Leo von Caprivi ya kuma inganta manufofin da ake kira New Course . == Asalin == Tsattsauran ra'ayi na Paternalistic ya samo asali ne daga [[Industrial Revolution|Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu]], wanda ya haifar da Rashin daidaito na tattalin arziki, talauci, da rashin jin daɗi na zamantakewa.{{Sfn|Heywood|2007}} A Burtaniya, 'yan siyasa na Tory, kamar su Richard Oastler, Michael Thomas Sadler da Lord Shaftesbury sun haɗu da alhakin su na elitist da kuma karfi na jin kai tare da sa hannu a kan Ayyukan Masana'antu.{{Sfn|Vincent|2009}} Masu sukar son kai da tattalin arziki na gargajiya, sun kuma ƙi Sabon Dokar Talakawa ta 1834 kuma sun yi imani da rawar da jihar ke takawa wajen tabbatar da gidaje masu kyau, yanayin aiki, albashi da kuma kula da matalauta. {{Sfn|Vincent|2009}}{{Sfn|Vincent|2009}} [[Fayil:Benjamin_Disraeli_by_Cornelius_Jabez_Hughes,_1878.jpg|thumb|Benjamin Disraeli an dauke shi a matsayin mai tsara gine-gine na ra'ayin mazan jiya na al'umma ɗaya.]] === Tsattsauran ra'ayi na al'umma ɗaya ===   Firayim Minista Benjamin Disraeli ne ya fara tunanin ra'ayin mazan jiya a Burtaniya, wanda ya gabatar da falsafar siyasa a cikin litattafai biyu, ''Coningsby'' da ''Sybil, Ko Al'ummai Biyu'', wanda aka buga a 1844 da 1845, bi da bi.{{Sfn|Dorey|1995}}{{Sfn|Heywood|2007}}{{Sfn|Arnold|2004}} Disraeli ya ba da shawarar al'umma mai tsattsauran ra'ayi tare da zamantakewar jama'a amma ma'aikata suna samun tallafi daga masu arziki. Ya jaddada muhimmancin wajibin zamantakewa maimakon son kai da ya mamaye al'ummar Burtaniya.{{Sfn|Dorey|1995}} Disraeli ya yi gargadin cewa Burtaniya za ta rabu zuwa kasashe biyu (na masu arziki da matalauta) sakamakon karuwar masana'antu da rashin daidaito.{{Sfn|Heywood|2007}} Da yake damuwa da wannan rarrabuwa, ya goyi bayan matakan inganta rayuwar mutane, don samar da tallafin zamantakewa da kuma kare ma'aikata.{{Sfn|Dorey|1995}} Disraeli ya tabbatar da ra'ayoyinsa ta hanyar imaninsa a cikin al'umma mai gina jiki inda ɗalibai daban-daban ke da wajibai na halitta ga juna.{{Sfn|Dorey|1995}} Ya ga al'umma a matsayin matsayi na halitta kuma ya jaddada wajibai na waɗanda ke saman ga waɗanda ke ƙasa. Wannan ci gaba ne na ra'ayi na feudal na noblesse oblige, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa aristocracy yana da wajibin zama mai karimci da girmamawa. Ga Disraeli, wannan yana nuna cewa gwamnati ya kamata ta kasance mai tsattsauran ra'ayi.{{Sfn|Heywood|2007}} Tsattsauran ra'ayi na al'umma ɗaya ya gano tsarinsa a matsayin mai amfani da kuma wanda ba na ra'ayi ba. Akwai karɓar buƙatar manufofi masu sassauƙa, kuma masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na ƙasa ɗaya galibi suna neman sulhu tare da abokan adawarsu na akidar don kare kwanciyar hankali.{{Sfn|Bloor|2012}} Disraeli ya tabbatar da ra'ayoyinsa da kyau, yana jayayya cewa idan masu mulki sun kasance marasa kula da wahalar mutane, al'umma za ta zama mara daidaituwa kuma juyin juya halin zamantakewa zai zama yiwu.{{Sfn|Dorey|1995}} == Tarihi == === Jamus === [[Fayil:Otto_Fürst_von_Bismarck.JPG|thumb|Otto von Bismarck, wanda ya inganta Socialism na Jiha a matsayin matakan gyara don kwantar da hankalin ma'aikata da kuma rage goyon baya ga Socialism da Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party of Germany biyo bayan yunkurin da aka yi a baya don cimma wannan manufar ta hanyar Dokokin Anti-Socialist na Bismarck.]] A shekara ta 1878, mai ra'ayin mazan jiya da Lutheran na Jamus Adolf Stoecker ya kafa Jam'iyyar Ma'aikatan Jama'a ta Kirista tare da niyyar daidaita ma'aikata tare da [[Protestan bangaskiya|Kiristanci na Furotesta]] da mulkin mallaka na Jamus. Stoecker ya girmama tsarin zamantakewar da ke akwai amma kuma yana son jihar da za ta kasance mai aiki wajen kare talakawa da talakawa. A wani lokaci, Stoecker ya yi amfani da maganganun adawa da Yahudawa don samun goyon baya; ya bukaci magoya baya su yi [[So|Ƙaunar Kirista]] har ma da Yahudawa.<ref name="university2000" /> A matsayinsa na Shugaban Jamus, [[Otto von Bismarck]] ya bi dabarun gina jihar da aka tsara don sa talakawa Jamusawa su fi aminci ga kasar, aiwatar da jihar jin dadin zamani a Jamus a cikin shekarun 1880.{{Sfn|Steinberg|2011}} Bismarck yana tsoron juyin juya halin gurguzu, kuma ya kirkiro jihar jin dadin farko a duniyar zamani tare da burin samun goyon bayan ma'aikata wanda in ba haka ba zai iya zuwa ga abokan adawarsa na gurguzu.{{Sfn|Steinberg|2011}} Ya karɓi manufofi na inshora na tilas na jihar don ma'aikata don karewa daga rashin lafiya, haɗari, rashin iyawa da tsufa a cikin abin da ake kira Socialism na Jiha. Kalmar Socialism ta Jiha ta samo asali ne daga 'yan adawa masu sassaucin ra'ayi na Bismarck; daga baya Bismarck ya yarda da ita.<ref>Feuchtwanger, Edgar (2002). ''Bismarck''. Routeledge. p. 221. {{ISBN|978-0415216142}}.</ref> Bismarck [[Conservatism|mai ra'ayin mazan jiya]] ne, ba mai gurguzu ba, kuma ya kafa Dokokin Anti-Socialist . Tsarin zamantakewar jihar Bismark ya dogara ne akan tunanin siyasa na Romanticist wanda jihar ta kasance mafi girma kuma ta aiwatar da ajanda na Bismarck na tallafawa " zanga-zangar hadin kai game da son kai" da kuma "ƙasa game da cosmopolitanism" kuma ta bayyana cewa "aikin Jiha shine kiyayewa da inganta bukatun, jin daɗin al'umma kamar haka". Maimakon haka, an tsara ayyukansa ne don rage ci gaban Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party of Germany . <ref name="development1988" /> Bugu da kari, an kafa manufofin kasa da kasa na hanyoyin jirgin kasa na Prussian bayan hadin kan Jamus, wanda ya kawo sufuri a karkashin ikon jihar. <ref>Henderson, William (1975). ''The Rise of German Industrial Power, 1834–1914''. University of California Press. [[iarchive:riseofgermanindu0000hend/page/207|p. 207]]. {{ISBN|978-0-5200-3073-2}}.</ref> === Kanada ===   Red Tory mai bin Falsafar siyasa ce da aka samo daga al'adar Tory, galibi a Kanada amma kuma a Ingila. Wannan falsafar tana nuna goyon baya ga Manufofin zamantakewa waɗanda ke da al'umma, yayin da suke riƙe da matakin horo na kasafin kuɗi da girmama [[Tsarin siyasa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Red Tory |url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/red-tory |access-date=14 January 2020 |website=Collins English Dictionary |quote=[A] Conservative who holds liberal or mildly socialist views on certain fiscal and social issues.}}</ref> A Kanada, ana samun ja Toryism a cikin jam'iyyun siyasa na Conservative na lardin da na tarayya. Tarihin ja Toryism ya nuna bambance-bambance a ci gaban al'adun siyasa na Kanada da Amurka. Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na Kanada da masu ra'ayin ra'ayin Amurka sun bambanta da juna a hanyoyi masu mahimmanci, gami da matsayinsu kan batutuwan zamantakewa da rawar da gwamnati ke takawa a cikin al'umma. A Turai, ƙungiyoyin siyasa na Katolika sun fito ne a cikin karni na 19 a matsayin martani ga yaduwar yanayin zamantakewa da haɓaka adawa da malamai da dimokuradiyya tsakanin masu sana'a da ma'aikata. Ya haɗu da sadaukarwar zamantakewa, jin daɗin zamantakewar iyaye, da kuma goyon bayan iko daga sama tare da zurfafa ibada. === Japan === [[Fayil:Nobusuke_Kishi_01.jpg|thumb|303x303px|Kafin shekarun 1980s, 'yan kasa a cikin LDP, ciki har da Nobusuke Kishi, sun goyi bayan manufofin jin dadin iyaye.]] A lokacin bayan yakin Japan, manufofi da Jam'iyyar Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) ta jagoranta sun zama abin koyi na siyasa kusa da dimokuradiyya ta iyaye fiye da dimokuradyya mai sassaucin ra'ayi ta Yamma. A hanyoyi da yawa, ana ɗaukar Japan ta zamani a matsayin jihar mai kula da iyaye ciki har da abubuwan da ke da ra'ayin mazan jiya, kamar al'adar [[Konfushiyanci|Confucian]]. Game da gwamnatin LDP a karkashin Tsarin 1955 a Japan, matakin ikon tattalin arziki ya fi na gwamnatocin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na Yammaci; an kuma sanya shi kusa da dimokuradiyya a wannan lokacin.<ref name="Yuhikaku">{{Cite book|last2=:ja:川出良枝}}</ref> Tun daga shekarun 1970s, rikicin mai ya rage ci gaban tattalin arziki kuma ya kara juriya ga 'yan birni ga manufofin da ke son manoma. Don ci gaba da matsayinta na rinjaye, LDP ta nemi fadada magoya bayan jam'iyya ta hanyar haɗa manufofin tsaro na zamantakewa da matakan gurɓataccen yanayi da jam'iyyun adawa suka ba da shawara.<ref name="Iio" /> Har ila yau, a tarihi an sanya shi kusa da tsarin kamfanoni.<ref name="McNamara 1996 pp. 379–397">{{Cite journal |last=McNamara |first=Dennis |year=1996 |title=Corporatism and Cooperation among Japanese Labor |journal=Comparative Politics |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=379–397 |doi=10.2307/422050 |issn=0010-4159 |jstor=422050}}</ref><ref name="Index Page for applet-magic.com">{{Cite web |title=The Physical and Institutional Reconstruction of Japan After World War II |url=http://www.applet-magic.com/japanrecov.htm |access-date=2021-10-26 |website=Index Page for applet-magic.com}}</ref> An kafa shi a cikin 1960, Jam'iyyar Socialist Party (DSP) ta goyi bayan dimokuradiyya ta zamantakewa. Saboda dan kasar Japan, mai adawa da kwaminisanci, da kuma yanayin ra'ayin mazan jiya na zamantakewa, ya bambanta da siyasa daga talakawa na zamantakewar dimokuradiyya kuma ya fi kusa da siyasa ga hannun dama na LDP, kuma an dauke shi a matsayin jam'iyyar siyasa mai ra'ayin rikon kwarya a Japan a lokacin. === Argentina === {{Reflist}} Peronism an dauke shi akidar iyaye. Koyaya, Peronism na gargajiya yana tallafawa tattalin arzikin umarni, ba kamar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na yau da kullun ba. Wasu malamai suna kimanta Peronism a matsayin cakuda 'yan gwagwarmaya' da 'tsattsauran ra'ayi na gargajiya'. === Amurka === A Amurka, Theodore Roosevelt ya kasance babban adadi da aka gano tare da ci gaba mai ra'ayin mazan jiya a matsayin al'adar siyasa. Roosevelt ya bayyana cewa yana da "ko da yaushe ya yi imani da cewa mai hikima ci gaba da kuma mai hikima mai ra'ayin mazan jiya suna tafiya tare da hannu". Ra'ayoyin Roosevelt, irin su na New Nationalism, fadada falsafarsa ta baya ta Square Deal, an bayyana su a matsayin iyaye kuma sun bambanta da shirin mutum, The New Freedom, na Woodrow Wilson daga Jam'iyyar Democrat. Shirin Wilson a aikace an bayyana shi kamar yadda ya yi kama da ra'ayoyin da suka fi dacewa da Roosevelt, ban da ra'ayin mulki a cikin alƙalai.<ref>Kraig, Robert Alexander (2000). "The 1912 Election and the Rhetorical Foundations of the Liberal State". ''Rhetoric and Public Affairs''. '''3''' (3): 363–395. {{Doi|10.1353/rap.2010.0042}}. {{JSTOR|41940243}}.</ref> Gwamnatin [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jam'iyyar Republican]] ta William Howard Taft ta kasance mai ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma ya bayyana kansa a matsayin "mai bi da ra'ayin rikon kwarya mai ci gaba", Dwight D. Eisenhower ya kuma bayyana kansa a cikin mai ba da shawara ga ra'ayin ci gaba. == Ra'ayoyi == {{conservatism footer}}Ba kamar yawancin ra'ayoyin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na kasuwa ba kamar ra'ayin ra'ayin rikon kwarya mai [[Liberal conservatism|sassaucin ra'ayi]] da [['Yancin 'yanci na dama|'yanci na dama]], ra'ayin masu ra'ayi na [[iyaye]] yana goyan bayan iyaye da [[Solidarity|hadin kai]] jama'a kamar yadda ya saba da [[Commercialism|Kasuwanci]], [[Individualism|son kai]], da tattalin arziki.{{Sfn|Huerta de Soto|2010}} Saboda wannan, wani lokacin ana kiranta "socialism na dama" ko "socialism mai ra'ayin mazan jiya" ta hanyar masu tattalin arziki na kasuwa, ciki har da [[Murray Rothbard]] da [[Jesús Huerta de Soto]].{{Sfn|Huerta de Soto|2010}} Huerta de Soto ya kuma yi jayayya cewa ra'ayin mazan jiya na iyaye yana tallafawa tsarin zamantakewar jama'a, yana kula da [[Social privilege|gata]] da aka ba wasu kungiyoyi a cikin al'umma.{{Sfn|Huerta de Soto|2010}} Kodayake masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suna karɓar shiga tsakani na gwamnati, yana cikin mahallin tattalin arzikin [[Dimokuradiyya zamantakewa|zamantakewar dimokuradiyya]] ko zamantakewar jama'a. Ba sa goyon bayan tattalin arziki mai kama da umurni ko tattalin arziki da aka tsara, ko tattalin arziki wanda ke da ikon jama'a akan hanyoyin samarwa, ɗaya daga cikin manufofin da aka bayyana na kwaminisanci.{{Sfn|Vincent|2009}} Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun tabbatar da tsarin su ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa idan masu mulki suka zama marasa kula da wahalar da talakawa ke fuskanta, zai iya haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali na zamantakewa da siyasa wanda ya haifar da juyin juya halin tashin hankali.{{Sfn|Dorey|1995}} Daga baya dole ne a aiwatar da manufofi don magance bukatar magance bukatun dukkan zamantakewar al'umma don kiyaye jituwa. Bugu da ƙari, masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na iyaye suna tallafawa daidaito na dama da wasa mai kyau, da nufin tabbatar da cewa har yanzu akwai filin wasa na matakin ga mutane don neman nasara bisa ga cancanta.{{Sfn|Vincent|2009}} == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == == Bayanan littattafai == *   *   *   *   * {{Cite journal |last=Gjorshoski |first=Nikola |date=2016 |title=The Ideological Specific of the Variants of Contemporary Conservatism |url=http://e-jlia.com/papers/5_6.pdf |journal=Journal of Liberty and International Affairs |volume=''2''(1)}} *   *   *   *   *   *   * {{Cite book|last3=Jonathan Steinberg (historian)}} *   == Ƙarin karantawa == * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] <cite id="eley">''Al'umma, Al'adu, da Jiha a Jamus, 1870-1930''</cite> (1st paperback ed.). Jami'ar Michigan. * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] <cite id="paxton">''Turai a cikin karni na ashirin''</cite>. Harcourt Brace College Publishers. * Paxton, Robert O.; Julie Hessler (2011) [2005]. <cite id="paxtonhessler">''Turai a cikin karni na ashirin''.</cite> Belmont, California: Wadsworth Cengage Learning . * [Hotuna a shafi na 9] <cite id="neither">''Babu Dama ko Hagu: Fascist Ideology a Faransa''</cite> (2nd ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] <cite id="viereck">''Masu tunani masu ra'ayin mazan jiya: Daga John Adams zuwa Winston Churchill''</cite> . New Brunswick, New Jersey: Masu wallafawa. * Weitz, Eric D. (2007). <cite id="weimar">Weimar Jamus: Alkawari da Bala'i</cite>. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. == Haɗin waje == {{Wikiquote-inline|Right-wing socialism|Paternalistic conservatism}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jfgxniijriwttobjpfkl6r95mbwlura 820817 820816 2026-04-13T14:41:19Z BnHamid 12586 820817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tsattsauran ra'ayi na Paternalistic wani sashi ne na [[Conservatism|ra'ayin mazan jiya]] {{Sfn|Heywood|2015}} wanda ke nuna imanin cewa al'ummomi sun wanzu, kuma suna tasowa, ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta, kuma membobin da ke cikin su suna da wajibai ga juna. {{Sfn|Gjorshoski|2016}}{{Sfn|Heywood|2013}} Akwai girmamawa ta musamman kan wajibin iyaye, yana mai da hankali kan ra'ayi na noblesse oblige, na waɗanda ke da gata da wadata ga ɓangarorin da suka fi talauci. Ya dace da ka'idoji kamar aiki, Matsayi, da kuma tsarin mulki, ana iya ganin shi a matsayin fitowar ra'ayin gargajiya. Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ba sa goyon bayan mutum ko [[Jaha|jihar]] a ka'idar amma a maimakon haka suna shirye su goyi bayan ko kuma su ba da shawarar daidaituwa tsakanin su biyu dangane da abin da ya fi dacewa.{{Sfn|Heywood|2012}} Tsattsauran ra'ayi na Paternalistic yana jaddada ayyukan gwamnati don haifar da sa hannun gwamnati mai zurfi don haɓaka rayuwa mai kyau ga dukan 'yan ƙasa.{{Sfn|Vincent|2009}} Wannan yana haifar da hanyar gudanarwa inda ake la'akari da gwamnati a matsayin mai kirki mai tsara manufofi da tabbatar da wasa mai kyau da daidaito, tare da jaddada muhimmancin cibiyar tsaro ta zamantakewa don magance [[talauci]] da tallafawa sake rarraba dukiya, tare da tsarin gwamnati na kasuwanni don amfanin masu amfani da masu samarwa.{{Sfn|Vincent|2009}} Kodayake karɓar sa hannun gwamnati, masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ba sa goyon bayan wani abu da ya yi kama da tattalin arzikin umarni.{{Sfn|Vincent|2009}} Tsattsauran ra'ayi na Paternalistic ya fara fitowa ne sakamakon juyin juya halin masana'antu a cikin karni na 19, wanda ya haifar da rikice-rikicen zamantakewa, yanayin aiki mai ban tsoro da rashin daidaito. A Burtaniya, ra'ayin mazan jiya na Benjamin Disraeli ya nemi magance waɗannan tasirin. A cikin Ƙasar Ingila, an ci gaba da gwamnatocin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya guda ɗaya, kamar na Stanley Baldwin, Neville Chamberlain, [[Winston Churchill]], da Harold Macmillan. A cikin karni na 19 a Jamus, [[Otto von Bismarck]] ya kafa jihar jin dadin zamani ta farko, tare da burin lalata zamantakewar al'umma ta hanyar samun goyon bayan ma'aikata.{{Sfn|Steinberg|2011}} Ya aiwatar da manufofi na inshora na tilas na jihar ga ma'aikata game da rashin lafiya, haɗari, rashin iyawa da tsufa a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin Socialism na Jiha. Leo von Caprivi ya kuma inganta manufofin da ake kira New Course . == Asalin == Tsattsauran ra'ayi na Paternalistic ya samo asali ne daga [[Industrial Revolution|Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu]], wanda ya haifar da Rashin daidaito na tattalin arziki, talauci, da rashin jin daɗi na zamantakewa.{{Sfn|Heywood|2007}} A Burtaniya, 'yan siyasa na Tory, kamar su Richard Oastler, Michael Thomas Sadler da Lord Shaftesbury sun haɗu da alhakin su na elitist da kuma karfi na jin kai tare da sa hannu a kan Ayyukan Masana'antu.{{Sfn|Vincent|2009}} Masu sukar son kai da tattalin arziki na gargajiya, sun kuma ƙi Sabon Dokar Talakawa ta 1834 kuma sun yi imani da rawar da jihar ke takawa wajen tabbatar da gidaje masu kyau, yanayin aiki, albashi da kuma kula da matalauta. {{Sfn|Vincent|2009}}{{Sfn|Vincent|2009}} [[Fayil:Benjamin_Disraeli_by_Cornelius_Jabez_Hughes,_1878.jpg|thumb|Benjamin Disraeli an dauke shi a matsayin mai tsara gine-gine na ra'ayin mazan jiya na al'umma ɗaya.]] === Tsattsauran ra'ayi na al'umma ɗaya ===   Firayim Minista Benjamin Disraeli ne ya fara tunanin ra'ayin mazan jiya a Burtaniya, wanda ya gabatar da falsafar siyasa a cikin litattafai biyu, ''Coningsby'' da ''Sybil, Ko Al'ummai Biyu'', wanda aka buga a 1844 da 1845, bi da bi.{{Sfn|Dorey|1995}}{{Sfn|Heywood|2007}}{{Sfn|Arnold|2004}} Disraeli ya ba da shawarar al'umma mai tsattsauran ra'ayi tare da zamantakewar jama'a amma ma'aikata suna samun tallafi daga masu arziki. Ya jaddada muhimmancin wajibin zamantakewa maimakon son kai da ya mamaye al'ummar Burtaniya.{{Sfn|Dorey|1995}} Disraeli ya yi gargadin cewa Burtaniya za ta rabu zuwa kasashe biyu (na masu arziki da matalauta) sakamakon karuwar masana'antu da rashin daidaito.{{Sfn|Heywood|2007}} Da yake damuwa da wannan rarrabuwa, ya goyi bayan matakan inganta rayuwar mutane, don samar da tallafin zamantakewa da kuma kare ma'aikata.{{Sfn|Dorey|1995}} Disraeli ya tabbatar da ra'ayoyinsa ta hanyar imaninsa a cikin al'umma mai gina jiki inda ɗalibai daban-daban ke da wajibai na halitta ga juna.{{Sfn|Dorey|1995}} Ya ga al'umma a matsayin matsayi na halitta kuma ya jaddada wajibai na waɗanda ke saman ga waɗanda ke ƙasa. Wannan ci gaba ne na ra'ayi na feudal na noblesse oblige, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa aristocracy yana da wajibin zama mai karimci da girmamawa. Ga Disraeli, wannan yana nuna cewa gwamnati ya kamata ta kasance mai tsattsauran ra'ayi.{{Sfn|Heywood|2007}} Tsattsauran ra'ayi na al'umma ɗaya ya gano tsarinsa a matsayin mai amfani da kuma wanda ba na ra'ayi ba. Akwai karɓar buƙatar manufofi masu sassauƙa, kuma masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na ƙasa ɗaya galibi suna neman sulhu tare da abokan adawarsu na akidar don kare kwanciyar hankali.{{Sfn|Bloor|2012}} Disraeli ya tabbatar da ra'ayoyinsa da kyau, yana jayayya cewa idan masu mulki sun kasance marasa kula da wahalar mutane, al'umma za ta zama mara daidaituwa kuma juyin juya halin zamantakewa zai zama yiwu.{{Sfn|Dorey|1995}} == Tarihi == === Jamus === [[Fayil:Otto_Fürst_von_Bismarck.JPG|thumb|Otto von Bismarck, wanda ya inganta Socialism na Jiha a matsayin matakan gyara don kwantar da hankalin ma'aikata da kuma rage goyon baya ga Socialism da Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party of Germany biyo bayan yunkurin da aka yi a baya don cimma wannan manufar ta hanyar Dokokin Anti-Socialist na Bismarck.]] A shekara ta 1878, mai ra'ayin mazan jiya da Lutheran na Jamus Adolf Stoecker ya kafa Jam'iyyar Ma'aikatan Jama'a ta Kirista tare da niyyar daidaita ma'aikata tare da [[Protestan bangaskiya|Kiristanci na Furotesta]] da mulkin mallaka na Jamus. Stoecker ya girmama tsarin zamantakewar da ke akwai amma kuma yana son jihar da za ta kasance mai aiki wajen kare talakawa da talakawa. A wani lokaci, Stoecker ya yi amfani da maganganun adawa da Yahudawa don samun goyon baya; ya bukaci magoya baya su yi [[So|Ƙaunar Kirista]] har ma da Yahudawa.<ref name="university2000" /> A matsayinsa na Shugaban Jamus, [[Otto von Bismarck]] ya bi dabarun gina jihar da aka tsara don sa talakawa Jamusawa su fi aminci ga kasar, aiwatar da jihar jin dadin zamani a Jamus a cikin shekarun 1880.{{Sfn|Steinberg|2011}} Bismarck yana tsoron juyin juya halin gurguzu, kuma ya kirkiro jihar jin dadin farko a duniyar zamani tare da burin samun goyon bayan ma'aikata wanda in ba haka ba zai iya zuwa ga abokan adawarsa na gurguzu.{{Sfn|Steinberg|2011}} Ya karɓi manufofi na inshora na tilas na jihar don ma'aikata don karewa daga rashin lafiya, haɗari, rashin iyawa da tsufa a cikin abin da ake kira Socialism na Jiha. Kalmar Socialism ta Jiha ta samo asali ne daga 'yan adawa masu sassaucin ra'ayi na Bismarck; daga baya Bismarck ya yarda da ita.<ref>Feuchtwanger, Edgar (2002). ''Bismarck''. Routeledge. p. 221. {{ISBN|978-0415216142}}.</ref> Bismarck [[Conservatism|mai ra'ayin mazan jiya]] ne, ba mai gurguzu ba, kuma ya kafa Dokokin Anti-Socialist . Tsarin zamantakewar jihar Bismark ya dogara ne akan tunanin siyasa na Romanticist wanda jihar ta kasance mafi girma kuma ta aiwatar da ajanda na Bismarck na tallafawa " zanga-zangar hadin kai game da son kai" da kuma "ƙasa game da cosmopolitanism" kuma ta bayyana cewa "aikin Jiha shine kiyayewa da inganta bukatun, jin daɗin al'umma kamar haka". Maimakon haka, an tsara ayyukansa ne don rage ci gaban Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party of Germany . <ref name="development1988" /> Bugu da kari, an kafa manufofin kasa da kasa na hanyoyin jirgin kasa na Prussian bayan hadin kan Jamus, wanda ya kawo sufuri a karkashin ikon jihar. <ref>Henderson, William (1975). ''The Rise of German Industrial Power, 1834–1914''. University of California Press. [[iarchive:riseofgermanindu0000hend/page/207|p. 207]]. {{ISBN|978-0-5200-3073-2}}.</ref> === Kanada ===   Red Tory mai bin Falsafar siyasa ce da aka samo daga al'adar Tory, galibi a Kanada amma kuma a Ingila. Wannan falsafar tana nuna goyon baya ga Manufofin zamantakewa waɗanda ke da al'umma, yayin da suke riƙe da matakin horo na kasafin kuɗi da girmama [[Tsarin siyasa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Red Tory |url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/red-tory |access-date=14 January 2020 |website=Collins English Dictionary |quote=[A] Conservative who holds liberal or mildly socialist views on certain fiscal and social issues.}}</ref> A Kanada, ana samun ja Toryism a cikin jam'iyyun siyasa na Conservative na lardin da na tarayya. Tarihin ja Toryism ya nuna bambance-bambance a ci gaban al'adun siyasa na Kanada da Amurka. Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na Kanada da masu ra'ayin ra'ayin Amurka sun bambanta da juna a hanyoyi masu mahimmanci, gami da matsayinsu kan batutuwan zamantakewa da rawar da gwamnati ke takawa a cikin al'umma. A Turai, ƙungiyoyin siyasa na Katolika sun fito ne a cikin karni na 19 a matsayin martani ga yaduwar yanayin zamantakewa da haɓaka adawa da malamai da dimokuradiyya tsakanin masu sana'a da ma'aikata. Ya haɗu da sadaukarwar zamantakewa, jin daɗin zamantakewar iyaye, da kuma goyon bayan iko daga sama tare da zurfafa ibada. === Japan === [[Fayil:Nobusuke_Kishi_01.jpg|thumb|303x303px|Kafin shekarun 1980s, 'yan kasa a cikin LDP, ciki har da Nobusuke Kishi, sun goyi bayan manufofin jin dadin iyaye.]] A lokacin bayan yakin Japan, manufofi da Jam'iyyar Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) ta jagoranta sun zama abin koyi na siyasa kusa da dimokuradiyya ta iyaye fiye da dimokuradyya mai sassaucin ra'ayi ta Yamma. A hanyoyi da yawa, ana ɗaukar Japan ta zamani a matsayin jihar mai kula da iyaye ciki har da abubuwan da ke da ra'ayin mazan jiya, kamar al'adar [[Konfushiyanci|Confucian]]. Game da gwamnatin LDP a karkashin Tsarin 1955 a Japan, matakin ikon tattalin arziki ya fi na gwamnatocin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na Yammaci; an kuma sanya shi kusa da dimokuradiyya a wannan lokacin.<ref name="Yuhikaku">{{Cite book|last2=:ja:川出良枝}}</ref> Tun daga shekarun 1970s, rikicin mai ya rage ci gaban tattalin arziki kuma ya kara juriya ga 'yan birni ga manufofin da ke son manoma. Don ci gaba da matsayinta na rinjaye, LDP ta nemi fadada magoya bayan jam'iyya ta hanyar haɗa manufofin tsaro na zamantakewa da matakan gurɓataccen yanayi da jam'iyyun adawa suka ba da shawara.<ref name="Iio" /> Har ila yau, a tarihi an sanya shi kusa da tsarin kamfanoni.<ref name="McNamara 1996 pp. 379–397">{{Cite journal |last=McNamara |first=Dennis |year=1996 |title=Corporatism and Cooperation among Japanese Labor |journal=Comparative Politics |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=379–397 |doi=10.2307/422050 |issn=0010-4159 |jstor=422050}}</ref><ref name="Index Page for applet-magic.com">{{Cite web |title=The Physical and Institutional Reconstruction of Japan After World War II |url=http://www.applet-magic.com/japanrecov.htm |access-date=2021-10-26 |website=Index Page for applet-magic.com}}</ref> An kafa shi a cikin 1960, Jam'iyyar Socialist Party (DSP) ta goyi bayan dimokuradiyya ta zamantakewa. Saboda dan kasar Japan, mai adawa da kwaminisanci, da kuma yanayin ra'ayin mazan jiya na zamantakewa, ya bambanta da siyasa daga talakawa na zamantakewar dimokuradiyya kuma ya fi kusa da siyasa ga hannun dama na LDP, kuma an dauke shi a matsayin jam'iyyar siyasa mai ra'ayin rikon kwarya a Japan a lokacin. === Argentina === {{Reflist}} Peronism an dauke shi akidar iyaye. Koyaya, Peronism na gargajiya yana tallafawa tattalin arzikin umarni, ba kamar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na yau da kullun ba. Wasu malamai suna kimanta Peronism a matsayin cakuda 'yan gwagwarmaya' da 'tsattsauran ra'ayi na gargajiya'. === Amurka === A Amurka, Theodore Roosevelt ya kasance babban adadi da aka gano tare da ci gaba mai ra'ayin mazan jiya a matsayin al'adar siyasa. Roosevelt ya bayyana cewa yana da "ko da yaushe ya yi imani da cewa mai hikima ci gaba da kuma mai hikima mai ra'ayin mazan jiya suna tafiya tare da hannu". Ra'ayoyin Roosevelt, irin su na New Nationalism, fadada falsafarsa ta baya ta Square Deal, an bayyana su a matsayin iyaye kuma sun bambanta da shirin mutum, The New Freedom, na Woodrow Wilson daga Jam'iyyar Democrat. Shirin Wilson a aikace an bayyana shi kamar yadda ya yi kama da ra'ayoyin da suka fi dacewa da Roosevelt, ban da ra'ayin mulki a cikin alƙalai.<ref>Kraig, Robert Alexander (2000). "The 1912 Election and the Rhetorical Foundations of the Liberal State". ''Rhetoric and Public Affairs''. '''3''' (3): 363–395. {{Doi|10.1353/rap.2010.0042}}. {{JSTOR|41940243}}.</ref> Gwamnatin [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jam'iyyar Republican]] ta William Howard Taft ta kasance mai ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma ya bayyana kansa a matsayin "mai bi da ra'ayin rikon kwarya mai ci gaba", Dwight D. Eisenhower ya kuma bayyana kansa a cikin mai ba da shawara ga ra'ayin ci gaba. == Ra'ayoyi == {{conservatism footer}}Ba kamar yawancin ra'ayoyin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na kasuwa ba kamar ra'ayin ra'ayin rikon kwarya mai [[Liberal conservatism|sassaucin ra'ayi]] da [['Yancin 'yanci na dama|'yanci na dama]], ra'ayin masu ra'ayi na [[iyaye]] yana goyan bayan iyaye da [[Solidarity|hadin kai]] jama'a kamar yadda ya saba da [[Commercialism|Kasuwanci]], [[Individualism|son kai]], da tattalin arziki.{{Sfn|Huerta de Soto|2010}} Saboda wannan, wani lokacin ana kiranta "socialism na dama" ko "socialism mai ra'ayin mazan jiya" ta hanyar masu tattalin arziki na kasuwa, ciki har da [[Murray Rothbard]] da [[Jesús Huerta de Soto]].{{Sfn|Huerta de Soto|2010}} Huerta de Soto ya kuma yi jayayya cewa ra'ayin mazan jiya na iyaye yana tallafawa tsarin zamantakewar jama'a, yana kula da [[Social privilege|gata]] da aka ba wasu kungiyoyi a cikin al'umma.{{Sfn|Huerta de Soto|2010}} Kodayake masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suna karɓar shiga tsakani na gwamnati, yana cikin mahallin tattalin arzikin [[Dimokuradiyya zamantakewa|zamantakewar dimokuradiyya]] ko zamantakewar jama'a. Ba sa goyon bayan tattalin arziki mai kama da umurni ko tattalin arziki da aka tsara, ko tattalin arziki wanda ke da ikon jama'a akan hanyoyin samarwa, ɗaya daga cikin manufofin da aka bayyana na kwaminisanci.{{Sfn|Vincent|2009}} Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun tabbatar da tsarin su ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa idan masu mulki suka zama marasa kula da wahalar da talakawa ke fuskanta, zai iya haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali na zamantakewa da siyasa wanda ya haifar da juyin juya halin tashin hankali.{{Sfn|Dorey|1995}} Daga baya dole ne a aiwatar da manufofi don magance bukatar magance bukatun dukkan zamantakewar al'umma don kiyaye jituwa. Bugu da ƙari, masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na iyaye suna tallafawa daidaito na dama da wasa mai kyau, da nufin tabbatar da cewa har yanzu akwai filin wasa na matakin ga mutane don neman nasara bisa ga cancanta.{{Sfn|Vincent|2009}} == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == == Bayanan littattafai ==  * {{Cite journal |last=Gjorshoski |first=Nikola |date=2016 |title=The Ideological Specific of the Variants of Contemporary Conservatism |url=http://e-jlia.com/papers/5_6.pdf |journal=Journal of Liberty and International Affairs |volume=''2''(1)}}  * {{Cite book|last3=Jonathan Steinberg (historian)}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] <cite id="eley">''Al'umma, Al'adu, da Jiha a Jamus, 1870-1930''</cite> (1st paperback ed.). Jami'ar Michigan. * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] <cite id="paxton">''Turai a cikin karni na ashirin''</cite>. Harcourt Brace College Publishers. * Paxton, Robert O.; Julie Hessler (2011) [2005]. <cite id="paxtonhessler">''Turai a cikin karni na ashirin''.</cite> Belmont, California: Wadsworth Cengage Learning . * [Hotuna a shafi na 9] <cite id="neither">''Babu Dama ko Hagu: Fascist Ideology a Faransa''</cite> (2nd ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] <cite id="viereck">''Masu tunani masu ra'ayin mazan jiya: Daga John Adams zuwa Winston Churchill''</cite> . New Brunswick, New Jersey: Masu wallafawa. * Weitz, Eric D. (2007). <cite id="weimar">Weimar Jamus: Alkawari da Bala'i</cite>. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. == Haɗin waje == {{Wikiquote-inline|Right-wing socialism|Paternalistic conservatism}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] plymqi6grjsdlb7eiy22xb9w24n5w5g 820818 820817 2026-04-13T14:41:38Z BnHamid 12586 820818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tsattsauran ra'ayi na Paternalistic wani sashi ne na [[Conservatism|ra'ayin mazan jiya]] {{Sfn|Heywood|2015}} wanda ke nuna imanin cewa al'ummomi sun wanzu, kuma suna tasowa, ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta, kuma membobin da ke cikin su suna da wajibai ga juna. {{Sfn|Gjorshoski|2016}}{{Sfn|Heywood|2013}} Akwai girmamawa ta musamman kan wajibin iyaye, yana mai da hankali kan ra'ayi na noblesse oblige, na waɗanda ke da gata da wadata ga ɓangarorin da suka fi talauci. Ya dace da ka'idoji kamar aiki, Matsayi, da kuma tsarin mulki, ana iya ganin shi a matsayin fitowar ra'ayin gargajiya. Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ba sa goyon bayan mutum ko [[Jaha|jihar]] a ka'idar amma a maimakon haka suna shirye su goyi bayan ko kuma su ba da shawarar daidaituwa tsakanin su biyu dangane da abin da ya fi dacewa.{{Sfn|Heywood|2012}} Tsattsauran ra'ayi na Paternalistic yana jaddada ayyukan gwamnati don haifar da sa hannun gwamnati mai zurfi don haɓaka rayuwa mai kyau ga dukan 'yan ƙasa.{{Sfn|Vincent|2009}} Wannan yana haifar da hanyar gudanarwa inda ake la'akari da gwamnati a matsayin mai kirki mai tsara manufofi da tabbatar da wasa mai kyau da daidaito, tare da jaddada muhimmancin cibiyar tsaro ta zamantakewa don magance [[talauci]] da tallafawa sake rarraba dukiya, tare da tsarin gwamnati na kasuwanni don amfanin masu amfani da masu samarwa.{{Sfn|Vincent|2009}} Kodayake karɓar sa hannun gwamnati, masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ba sa goyon bayan wani abu da ya yi kama da tattalin arzikin umarni.{{Sfn|Vincent|2009}} Tsattsauran ra'ayi na Paternalistic ya fara fitowa ne sakamakon juyin juya halin masana'antu a cikin karni na 19, wanda ya haifar da rikice-rikicen zamantakewa, yanayin aiki mai ban tsoro da rashin daidaito. A Burtaniya, ra'ayin mazan jiya na Benjamin Disraeli ya nemi magance waɗannan tasirin. A cikin Ƙasar Ingila, an ci gaba da gwamnatocin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya guda ɗaya, kamar na Stanley Baldwin, Neville Chamberlain, [[Winston Churchill]], da Harold Macmillan. A cikin karni na 19 a Jamus, [[Otto von Bismarck]] ya kafa jihar jin dadin zamani ta farko, tare da burin lalata zamantakewar al'umma ta hanyar samun goyon bayan ma'aikata.{{Sfn|Steinberg|2011}} Ya aiwatar da manufofi na inshora na tilas na jihar ga ma'aikata game da rashin lafiya, haɗari, rashin iyawa da tsufa a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin Socialism na Jiha. Leo von Caprivi ya kuma inganta manufofin da ake kira New Course . == Asalin == Tsattsauran ra'ayi na Paternalistic ya samo asali ne daga [[Industrial Revolution|Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu]], wanda ya haifar da Rashin daidaito na tattalin arziki, talauci, da rashin jin daɗi na zamantakewa.{{Sfn|Heywood|2007}} A Burtaniya, 'yan siyasa na Tory, kamar su Richard Oastler, Michael Thomas Sadler da Lord Shaftesbury sun haɗu da alhakin su na elitist da kuma karfi na jin kai tare da sa hannu a kan Ayyukan Masana'antu.{{Sfn|Vincent|2009}} Masu sukar son kai da tattalin arziki na gargajiya, sun kuma ƙi Sabon Dokar Talakawa ta 1834 kuma sun yi imani da rawar da jihar ke takawa wajen tabbatar da gidaje masu kyau, yanayin aiki, albashi da kuma kula da matalauta. {{Sfn|Vincent|2009}}{{Sfn|Vincent|2009}} [[Fayil:Benjamin_Disraeli_by_Cornelius_Jabez_Hughes,_1878.jpg|thumb|Benjamin Disraeli an dauke shi a matsayin mai tsara gine-gine na ra'ayin mazan jiya na al'umma ɗaya.]] === Tsattsauran ra'ayi na al'umma ɗaya ===   Firayim Minista Benjamin Disraeli ne ya fara tunanin ra'ayin mazan jiya a Burtaniya, wanda ya gabatar da falsafar siyasa a cikin litattafai biyu, ''Coningsby'' da ''Sybil, Ko Al'ummai Biyu'', wanda aka buga a 1844 da 1845, bi da bi.{{Sfn|Dorey|1995}}{{Sfn|Heywood|2007}}{{Sfn|Arnold|2004}} Disraeli ya ba da shawarar al'umma mai tsattsauran ra'ayi tare da zamantakewar jama'a amma ma'aikata suna samun tallafi daga masu arziki. Ya jaddada muhimmancin wajibin zamantakewa maimakon son kai da ya mamaye al'ummar Burtaniya.{{Sfn|Dorey|1995}} Disraeli ya yi gargadin cewa Burtaniya za ta rabu zuwa kasashe biyu (na masu arziki da matalauta) sakamakon karuwar masana'antu da rashin daidaito.{{Sfn|Heywood|2007}} Da yake damuwa da wannan rarrabuwa, ya goyi bayan matakan inganta rayuwar mutane, don samar da tallafin zamantakewa da kuma kare ma'aikata.{{Sfn|Dorey|1995}} Disraeli ya tabbatar da ra'ayoyinsa ta hanyar imaninsa a cikin al'umma mai gina jiki inda ɗalibai daban-daban ke da wajibai na halitta ga juna.{{Sfn|Dorey|1995}} Ya ga al'umma a matsayin matsayi na halitta kuma ya jaddada wajibai na waɗanda ke saman ga waɗanda ke ƙasa. Wannan ci gaba ne na ra'ayi na feudal na noblesse oblige, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa aristocracy yana da wajibin zama mai karimci da girmamawa. Ga Disraeli, wannan yana nuna cewa gwamnati ya kamata ta kasance mai tsattsauran ra'ayi.{{Sfn|Heywood|2007}} Tsattsauran ra'ayi na al'umma ɗaya ya gano tsarinsa a matsayin mai amfani da kuma wanda ba na ra'ayi ba. Akwai karɓar buƙatar manufofi masu sassauƙa, kuma masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na ƙasa ɗaya galibi suna neman sulhu tare da abokan adawarsu na akidar don kare kwanciyar hankali.{{Sfn|Bloor|2012}} Disraeli ya tabbatar da ra'ayoyinsa da kyau, yana jayayya cewa idan masu mulki sun kasance marasa kula da wahalar mutane, al'umma za ta zama mara daidaituwa kuma juyin juya halin zamantakewa zai zama yiwu.{{Sfn|Dorey|1995}} == Tarihi == === Jamus === [[Fayil:Otto_Fürst_von_Bismarck.JPG|thumb|Otto von Bismarck, wanda ya inganta Socialism na Jiha a matsayin matakan gyara don kwantar da hankalin ma'aikata da kuma rage goyon baya ga Socialism da Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party of Germany biyo bayan yunkurin da aka yi a baya don cimma wannan manufar ta hanyar Dokokin Anti-Socialist na Bismarck.]] A shekara ta 1878, mai ra'ayin mazan jiya da Lutheran na Jamus Adolf Stoecker ya kafa Jam'iyyar Ma'aikatan Jama'a ta Kirista tare da niyyar daidaita ma'aikata tare da [[Protestan bangaskiya|Kiristanci na Furotesta]] da mulkin mallaka na Jamus. Stoecker ya girmama tsarin zamantakewar da ke akwai amma kuma yana son jihar da za ta kasance mai aiki wajen kare talakawa da talakawa. A wani lokaci, Stoecker ya yi amfani da maganganun adawa da Yahudawa don samun goyon baya; ya bukaci magoya baya su yi [[So|Ƙaunar Kirista]] har ma da Yahudawa.<ref name="university2000" /> A matsayinsa na Shugaban Jamus, [[Otto von Bismarck]] ya bi dabarun gina jihar da aka tsara don sa talakawa Jamusawa su fi aminci ga kasar, aiwatar da jihar jin dadin zamani a Jamus a cikin shekarun 1880.{{Sfn|Steinberg|2011}} Bismarck yana tsoron juyin juya halin gurguzu, kuma ya kirkiro jihar jin dadin farko a duniyar zamani tare da burin samun goyon bayan ma'aikata wanda in ba haka ba zai iya zuwa ga abokan adawarsa na gurguzu.{{Sfn|Steinberg|2011}} Ya karɓi manufofi na inshora na tilas na jihar don ma'aikata don karewa daga rashin lafiya, haɗari, rashin iyawa da tsufa a cikin abin da ake kira Socialism na Jiha. Kalmar Socialism ta Jiha ta samo asali ne daga 'yan adawa masu sassaucin ra'ayi na Bismarck; daga baya Bismarck ya yarda da ita.<ref>Feuchtwanger, Edgar (2002). ''Bismarck''. Routeledge. p. 221. {{ISBN|978-0415216142}}.</ref> Bismarck [[Conservatism|mai ra'ayin mazan jiya]] ne, ba mai gurguzu ba, kuma ya kafa Dokokin Anti-Socialist . Tsarin zamantakewar jihar Bismark ya dogara ne akan tunanin siyasa na Romanticist wanda jihar ta kasance mafi girma kuma ta aiwatar da ajanda na Bismarck na tallafawa " zanga-zangar hadin kai game da son kai" da kuma "ƙasa game da cosmopolitanism" kuma ta bayyana cewa "aikin Jiha shine kiyayewa da inganta bukatun, jin daɗin al'umma kamar haka". Maimakon haka, an tsara ayyukansa ne don rage ci gaban Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party of Germany . <ref name="development1988" /> Bugu da kari, an kafa manufofin kasa da kasa na hanyoyin jirgin kasa na Prussian bayan hadin kan Jamus, wanda ya kawo sufuri a karkashin ikon jihar. <ref>Henderson, William (1975). ''The Rise of German Industrial Power, 1834–1914''. University of California Press. [[iarchive:riseofgermanindu0000hend/page/207|p. 207]]. {{ISBN|978-0-5200-3073-2}}.</ref> === Kanada ===   Red Tory mai bin Falsafar siyasa ce da aka samo daga al'adar Tory, galibi a Kanada amma kuma a Ingila. Wannan falsafar tana nuna goyon baya ga Manufofin zamantakewa waɗanda ke da al'umma, yayin da suke riƙe da matakin horo na kasafin kuɗi da girmama [[Tsarin siyasa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Red Tory |url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/red-tory |access-date=14 January 2020 |website=Collins English Dictionary |quote=[A] Conservative who holds liberal or mildly socialist views on certain fiscal and social issues.}}</ref> A Kanada, ana samun ja Toryism a cikin jam'iyyun siyasa na Conservative na lardin da na tarayya. Tarihin ja Toryism ya nuna bambance-bambance a ci gaban al'adun siyasa na Kanada da Amurka. Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na Kanada da masu ra'ayin ra'ayin Amurka sun bambanta da juna a hanyoyi masu mahimmanci, gami da matsayinsu kan batutuwan zamantakewa da rawar da gwamnati ke takawa a cikin al'umma. A Turai, ƙungiyoyin siyasa na Katolika sun fito ne a cikin karni na 19 a matsayin martani ga yaduwar yanayin zamantakewa da haɓaka adawa da malamai da dimokuradiyya tsakanin masu sana'a da ma'aikata. Ya haɗu da sadaukarwar zamantakewa, jin daɗin zamantakewar iyaye, da kuma goyon bayan iko daga sama tare da zurfafa ibada. === Japan === [[Fayil:Nobusuke_Kishi_01.jpg|thumb|303x303px|Kafin shekarun 1980s, 'yan kasa a cikin LDP, ciki har da Nobusuke Kishi, sun goyi bayan manufofin jin dadin iyaye.]] A lokacin bayan yakin Japan, manufofi da Jam'iyyar Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) ta jagoranta sun zama abin koyi na siyasa kusa da dimokuradiyya ta iyaye fiye da dimokuradyya mai sassaucin ra'ayi ta Yamma. A hanyoyi da yawa, ana ɗaukar Japan ta zamani a matsayin jihar mai kula da iyaye ciki har da abubuwan da ke da ra'ayin mazan jiya, kamar al'adar [[Konfushiyanci|Confucian]]. Game da gwamnatin LDP a karkashin Tsarin 1955 a Japan, matakin ikon tattalin arziki ya fi na gwamnatocin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na Yammaci; an kuma sanya shi kusa da dimokuradiyya a wannan lokacin.<ref name="Yuhikaku">{{Cite book|last2=:ja:川出良枝}}</ref> Tun daga shekarun 1970s, rikicin mai ya rage ci gaban tattalin arziki kuma ya kara juriya ga 'yan birni ga manufofin da ke son manoma. Don ci gaba da matsayinta na rinjaye, LDP ta nemi fadada magoya bayan jam'iyya ta hanyar haɗa manufofin tsaro na zamantakewa da matakan gurɓataccen yanayi da jam'iyyun adawa suka ba da shawara.<ref name="Iio" /> Har ila yau, a tarihi an sanya shi kusa da tsarin kamfanoni.<ref name="McNamara 1996 pp. 379–397">{{Cite journal |last=McNamara |first=Dennis |year=1996 |title=Corporatism and Cooperation among Japanese Labor |journal=Comparative Politics |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=379–397 |doi=10.2307/422050 |issn=0010-4159 |jstor=422050}}</ref><ref name="Index Page for applet-magic.com">{{Cite web |title=The Physical and Institutional Reconstruction of Japan After World War II |url=http://www.applet-magic.com/japanrecov.htm |access-date=2021-10-26 |website=Index Page for applet-magic.com}}</ref> An kafa shi a cikin 1960, Jam'iyyar Socialist Party (DSP) ta goyi bayan dimokuradiyya ta zamantakewa. Saboda dan kasar Japan, mai adawa da kwaminisanci, da kuma yanayin ra'ayin mazan jiya na zamantakewa, ya bambanta da siyasa daga talakawa na zamantakewar dimokuradiyya kuma ya fi kusa da siyasa ga hannun dama na LDP, kuma an dauke shi a matsayin jam'iyyar siyasa mai ra'ayin rikon kwarya a Japan a lokacin. === Argentina === {{Reflist}} Peronism an dauke shi akidar iyaye. Koyaya, Peronism na gargajiya yana tallafawa tattalin arzikin umarni, ba kamar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na yau da kullun ba. Wasu malamai suna kimanta Peronism a matsayin cakuda 'yan gwagwarmaya' da 'tsattsauran ra'ayi na gargajiya'. === Amurka === A Amurka, Theodore Roosevelt ya kasance babban adadi da aka gano tare da ci gaba mai ra'ayin mazan jiya a matsayin al'adar siyasa. Roosevelt ya bayyana cewa yana da "ko da yaushe ya yi imani da cewa mai hikima ci gaba da kuma mai hikima mai ra'ayin mazan jiya suna tafiya tare da hannu". Ra'ayoyin Roosevelt, irin su na New Nationalism, fadada falsafarsa ta baya ta Square Deal, an bayyana su a matsayin iyaye kuma sun bambanta da shirin mutum, The New Freedom, na Woodrow Wilson daga Jam'iyyar Democrat. Shirin Wilson a aikace an bayyana shi kamar yadda ya yi kama da ra'ayoyin da suka fi dacewa da Roosevelt, ban da ra'ayin mulki a cikin alƙalai.<ref>Kraig, Robert Alexander (2000). "The 1912 Election and the Rhetorical Foundations of the Liberal State". ''Rhetoric and Public Affairs''. '''3''' (3): 363–395. {{Doi|10.1353/rap.2010.0042}}. {{JSTOR|41940243}}.</ref> Gwamnatin [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jam'iyyar Republican]] ta William Howard Taft ta kasance mai ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma ya bayyana kansa a matsayin "mai bi da ra'ayin rikon kwarya mai ci gaba", Dwight D. Eisenhower ya kuma bayyana kansa a cikin mai ba da shawara ga ra'ayin ci gaba. == Ra'ayoyi == {{conservatism footer}}Ba kamar yawancin ra'ayoyin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na kasuwa ba kamar ra'ayin ra'ayin rikon kwarya mai [[Liberal conservatism|sassaucin ra'ayi]] da [['Yancin 'yanci na dama|'yanci na dama]], ra'ayin masu ra'ayi na [[iyaye]] yana goyan bayan iyaye da [[Solidarity|hadin kai]] jama'a kamar yadda ya saba da [[Commercialism|Kasuwanci]], [[Individualism|son kai]], da tattalin arziki.{{Sfn|Huerta de Soto|2010}} Saboda wannan, wani lokacin ana kiranta "socialism na dama" ko "socialism mai ra'ayin mazan jiya" ta hanyar masu tattalin arziki na kasuwa, ciki har da [[Murray Rothbard]] da [[Jesús Huerta de Soto]].{{Sfn|Huerta de Soto|2010}} Huerta de Soto ya kuma yi jayayya cewa ra'ayin mazan jiya na iyaye yana tallafawa tsarin zamantakewar jama'a, yana kula da [[Social privilege|gata]] da aka ba wasu kungiyoyi a cikin al'umma.{{Sfn|Huerta de Soto|2010}} Kodayake masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suna karɓar shiga tsakani na gwamnati, yana cikin mahallin tattalin arzikin [[Dimokuradiyya zamantakewa|zamantakewar dimokuradiyya]] ko zamantakewar jama'a. Ba sa goyon bayan tattalin arziki mai kama da umurni ko tattalin arziki da aka tsara, ko tattalin arziki wanda ke da ikon jama'a akan hanyoyin samarwa, ɗaya daga cikin manufofin da aka bayyana na kwaminisanci.{{Sfn|Vincent|2009}} Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun tabbatar da tsarin su ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa idan masu mulki suka zama marasa kula da wahalar da talakawa ke fuskanta, zai iya haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali na zamantakewa da siyasa wanda ya haifar da juyin juya halin tashin hankali.{{Sfn|Dorey|1995}} Daga baya dole ne a aiwatar da manufofi don magance bukatar magance bukatun dukkan zamantakewar al'umma don kiyaye jituwa. Bugu da ƙari, masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na iyaye suna tallafawa daidaito na dama da wasa mai kyau, da nufin tabbatar da cewa har yanzu akwai filin wasa na matakin ga mutane don neman nasara bisa ga cancanta.{{Sfn|Vincent|2009}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Bayanan littattafai ==  * {{Cite journal |last=Gjorshoski |first=Nikola |date=2016 |title=The Ideological Specific of the Variants of Contemporary Conservatism |url=http://e-jlia.com/papers/5_6.pdf |journal=Journal of Liberty and International Affairs |volume=''2''(1)}}  * {{Cite book|last3=Jonathan Steinberg (historian)}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] <cite id="eley">''Al'umma, Al'adu, da Jiha a Jamus, 1870-1930''</cite> (1st paperback ed.). Jami'ar Michigan. * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] <cite id="paxton">''Turai a cikin karni na ashirin''</cite>. Harcourt Brace College Publishers. * Paxton, Robert O.; Julie Hessler (2011) [2005]. <cite id="paxtonhessler">''Turai a cikin karni na ashirin''.</cite> Belmont, California: Wadsworth Cengage Learning . * [Hotuna a shafi na 9] <cite id="neither">''Babu Dama ko Hagu: Fascist Ideology a Faransa''</cite> (2nd ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] <cite id="viereck">''Masu tunani masu ra'ayin mazan jiya: Daga John Adams zuwa Winston Churchill''</cite> . New Brunswick, New Jersey: Masu wallafawa. * Weitz, Eric D. (2007). <cite id="weimar">Weimar Jamus: Alkawari da Bala'i</cite>. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. == Haɗin waje == {{Wikiquote-inline|Right-wing socialism|Paternalistic conservatism}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 94ccxurwo4gadffxrrjvw96ceet0m6y 0 113987 821046 699379 2026-04-14T06:08:29Z BnHamid 12586 821046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''BNK48''' wata ƙungiya ce ta mata ta Thai daga Bangkok, wacce aka kafa a cikin 2017, wacce aka ƙirƙira ta ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta Japan [[AKB48]]. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyi ]] 7ettdw6mun8zsr5bw29xap7tw65mmdo 0 115928 821027 712254 2026-04-14T06:01:46Z BnHamid 12586 821027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} "Might Be Right" wata waka ce ta ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Amurka White Reaper . Ɗaya shine jagora daga kundi na uku na studio, You Deserve Love . An sake shi a ranar 27 ga Mayu, 2019, ta hanyar Elektra Records . '''"Might Be Right"''' shi ne waƙar farko daga ƙungiyar da ta shiga cikin jerin waƙoƙin da suka yi fice. Ta kai matsayi na '''huɗu''' a jadawalin ''Adult Alternative Airplay'' na mujallar '''Billboard''' a watan Disamba 2019, kafin ta kai '''matsayi na farko''' a jadawalin ''Alternative Airplay'' na wannan mujallar a watan Fabrairu 2020. A watan Fabrairu na 2021, domin cika shekaru 25 da kafuwar ''Adult Alternative Airplay'', mujallar ''Billboard'' ta wallafa jerin waƙoƙi 100 da suka fi nasara a tarihin wannan jadawali; '''"Might Be Right"''' ta zo a matsayi na '''83'''. ---- == Bidiyo na kiɗa == Bidiyo na kiɗa na "Might Be Right" ya fito ne a ranar 27 ga Mayu, 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 29, 2019 |title=White Reaper blast back with guitar-pop flair on 'Might Be Right' |url=https://vanyaland.com/2019/05/29/white-reaper-blast-back-with-guitar-pop-flair-on-might-be-right/ |access-date=September 21, 2019 |website=Vanyaland |language=en-US}}</ref> Daniel Ryan ne ya ba da umarnin bidiyon kiɗa kuma Jonah Mueller ne ya samar da shi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 29, 2019 |title=White Reaper return with new song "Might Be Right": Stream |url=https://consequenceofsound.net/2019/05/white-reaper-might-be-right-stream/ |access-date=September 21, 2019 |website=Consequence of Sound |language=en-US}}</ref> Bidiyo ya nuna ƙungiyar tana wasa a cikin ɗaki tare da alamar neon da ke cewa asalin ƙungiyar "WR" a bango.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matozzo |first=Marissa |date=May 28, 2019 |title=Daily Dose: White Reaper, "Might Be Right" |url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2019/05/white-reaper-sign-to-elektra-records-release-new-s.html |access-date=September 21, 2019 |website=pastemagazine.com |language=en}}</ref> == Shafuka ==   == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} bkqaqo0ega1d03ucp4sz5dtbkbeam9p 821028 821027 2026-04-14T06:01:56Z BnHamid 12586 821028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Gyara mukala}} "Might Be Right" wata waka ce ta ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Amurka White Reaper . Ɗaya shine jagora daga kundi na uku na studio, You Deserve Love . An sake shi a ranar 27 ga Mayu, 2019, ta hanyar Elektra Records . '''"Might Be Right"''' shi ne waƙar farko daga ƙungiyar da ta shiga cikin jerin waƙoƙin da suka yi fice. Ta kai matsayi na '''huɗu''' a jadawalin ''Adult Alternative Airplay'' na mujallar '''Billboard''' a watan Disamba 2019, kafin ta kai '''matsayi na farko''' a jadawalin ''Alternative Airplay'' na wannan mujallar a watan Fabrairu 2020. A watan Fabrairu na 2021, domin cika shekaru 25 da kafuwar ''Adult Alternative Airplay'', mujallar ''Billboard'' ta wallafa jerin waƙoƙi 100 da suka fi nasara a tarihin wannan jadawali; '''"Might Be Right"''' ta zo a matsayi na '''83'''. ---- == Bidiyo na kiɗa == Bidiyo na kiɗa na "Might Be Right" ya fito ne a ranar 27 ga Mayu, 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 29, 2019 |title=White Reaper blast back with guitar-pop flair on 'Might Be Right' |url=https://vanyaland.com/2019/05/29/white-reaper-blast-back-with-guitar-pop-flair-on-might-be-right/ |access-date=September 21, 2019 |website=Vanyaland |language=en-US}}</ref> Daniel Ryan ne ya ba da umarnin bidiyon kiɗa kuma Jonah Mueller ne ya samar da shi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 29, 2019 |title=White Reaper return with new song "Might Be Right": Stream |url=https://consequenceofsound.net/2019/05/white-reaper-might-be-right-stream/ |access-date=September 21, 2019 |website=Consequence of Sound |language=en-US}}</ref> Bidiyo ya nuna ƙungiyar tana wasa a cikin ɗaki tare da alamar neon da ke cewa asalin ƙungiyar "WR" a bango.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matozzo |first=Marissa |date=May 28, 2019 |title=Daily Dose: White Reaper, "Might Be Right" |url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2019/05/white-reaper-sign-to-elektra-records-release-new-s.html |access-date=September 21, 2019 |website=pastemagazine.com |language=en}}</ref> == Shafuka ==   == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} pken8ubleebf7thfttfjxjb4cbhd7bk 0 117646 820824 720656 2026-04-13T14:45:12Z BnHamid 12586 820824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Operation UNICORD''' (Yuli 2 – Yuli 12, 1967) wani hari ne da sojojin Najeriya suka kaddamar a farkon yakin basasar Najeriya. Ya hada da kwace manyan garuruwan Biafra 6 da ke kusa da iyakar arewa. == Fage == Lokacin da Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai a watan Oktoban 1960 sabuwar gwamnatin da aka kafa ta kunshi 'yan siyasar Arewa ne daga kabilar Hausa-Fulani . Tun farko dai gwamnatin Najeriya ta shiga cikin cin hanci da rashawa inda ‘yan siyasa daban-daban ke wawure dukiyar al’umma tare da yin magudin zabe. A shekarar 1965, gwamnatin Najeriya ta shiga cikin cin hanci da rashawa, har ta kai ga tashe-tashen hankula na nuna kin jinin gwamnati a ko’ina a fadin Nijeriya, inda ‘yan siyasa daban-daban suka yi yunkurin samun karin madafun iko. Hakan ya haifar da tarzoma da kame jama'a a garuruwan Legas da Ibadan . An zargi dan siyasar [[Obafemi Awolowo]] da haddasa tarzoma kuma an yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekaru 10 a gidan yari a Najeriya. Dukkanin rudanin da suka faru a fagen siyasar kasar, shi ne [[Juyin mulki a Najeriya, (15 ga watan Janairu 1966)|juyin mulkin da Najeriya ta yi a shekarar 1966]] inda sojoji karkashin jagorancin Manjo [[Emmanuel Ifeajuna]] suka kashe wasu manyan 'yan siyasa 11 . Fira Ministan Najeriya Abubakar Tafawa Balewa na daya daga cikin 'yan siyasa 11 da aka kashe a juyin mulkin ranar 15 ga watan Janairun, sojojin Nzeogwu sun koma Kaduna bayan da Janar Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi ya samu nasarar hada rundunar sojoji a Legas domin yakar sojojin da suka tayar da kayar baya. An nada Ironsi Babban Kwamandan Najeriya a ranar 16 ga Janairu, 1966. Da yawa daga cikin manyan janar-janar da ’yan siyasar Arewa sun fusata Ironsi saboda dalilai guda biyu, domin bai kashe Manjo Nzeogwu ba, don kuwa yana kara baiwa ‘yan siyasar kudu karfin siyasa. A ranar 29 ga Yuli, 1966, wasu ‘yan bindiga da suka hada da [[William Walbe]] suka kashe Ironsi bayan da suka yi kokawa daga [[Theophilus Yakubu Danjuma|Theophilus Danjuma]] suka nada Kanal [[Yakubu Gowon]] a matsayin shugaban kasa. Wannan juyin mulkin ya haifar na shekarar [[Kisan kiyashin Inyamurai 1966|1966 ya haifar da kyamar kabilar Igbo]] tare da haifar da kisan gilla ga al'ummar Igbo 50,000 da ke zaune a garuruwa daban-daban na Arewacin ƙasar kamar [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] da [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] . Wannan kisan kiyashin dai ya harzuka ’yan kabilar Ibo da dama, wanda hakan ya sa mutanen gabas suka yi kira da a balle daga ƙasar. Ojukwu ya gana da shugaba Gowon a birnin Aburi na kasar Ghana a watan Disambar 1966 domin tattauna halin da ake ciki a Najeriya. An gudanar da wata kuri’a a fili da wata majalisar tuntuba da Ojukwu ya nada, inda suka amince da ballewar kasar Igbo. An ce daga dukkan alamu tuni Ojukwu da makusantan sa da suka hada da Louis Chude-Sokei, Christopher Okigbo da CC Mojekwu mai matukar tasiri suka yanke shawarar ballewa daga shekarar 1966. A ranar 30 ga Mayu, 1967 Ojukwu ya balle yankin Gabas a hukumance ya kuma shelanta sabuwar Jamhuriyar Biyafara . [1] Ojukwu ya yi nasarar hada runduna ta mutum 3,000 domin kare fagagen Biafra. A farkon watan Yulin shekarar 1967 shugaban Najeriya Gowon ya umarci babban hafsan sojojin Najeriya da su sake karbe ikon yankin Gabas. == Yaƙi == A ranar 2 ga Yuli, 1967 Sojojin Najeriya sun bude farmakin da suke yi daga bangaren Arewa. Rundunar Yanki ta Farko NA, wadda ke samun goyon bayan rundunar birgediya da ta kunshi motocin leken asiri, Motoci masu sulke na Saladin da Ferrets, an raba su zuwa brigadi biyu. Runduna ta 1 dake karkashin Manjo Sule Apollo ta bi hanyar Ogugu-Ogunga-Nsukka yayin da ta biyu karkashin Manjo Martin Adamu ta bi hanyar Gakem-Obudu-Ogoja. Kare sojojin Biafra karkashin Brig. HM Njoku ya yi nasarar dakile harin, amma rundunar sojin Najeriya ta fara daukar jagorori da masu ba da labari don bayar da rahoto kan yadda sojojin Biafra suka fatattaki, karfinsu, da sauran muhimman bayanai. Kwanaki 10 ne sojojin Najeriya suka yi ta fafatawa a kudu inda suka yi nasarar kwace garuruwan [[Nsukka]], [[Ogugu]], Ogunga, [[Ogoja]], Gakem, da [[Obudu]] yayin da kuma suka tilastawa sojojin da ke kare kasar Biafra ja da baya cikin rudani. Sojojin Biafra da yawa sun koka da [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|cutar zazzabin cizon sauro]], ciwon kai, da sauran cututtuka. Dubban masu fafutukar kafa kasar Biafra ne suka tsere daga gidajensu, saboda tsoron kada sojojin Najeriya su yi musu kisan kiyashi, inda suka nufi [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]] babban birnin kasar Biafra. == Bayan haka == Kwanaki 16 bayan da ‘yan Biafra suka ja da baya Nzeogwu ya yi yunkurin sake kwace iko da Nsukka a ranar 30 ga watan Yuli, amma sojojin Najeriya sun kashe shi a lokacin da suke kan hanya. Sojojin Najeriya sun ci nasara a nasarar da suka yi a Nsukka, sannan suka ci gaba da kai farmaki ga [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]] duk da cewa a hankali saboda mamayewar yankin tsakiyar yamma. Bayan da jami'an Biafra karkashin jagorancin Victor Banjo suka mamaye [[Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya, Najeriya|shiyyar tsakiyar yammacin]] Najeriya . Murtala Mohammed shi ne aka dora wa alhakin kakkabe duk wani sojan Biafra da ke kan iyakokin Najeriya. Victor Banjo ya samu nisan mil 135 daga babban birnin tarayyar Najeriya Legas kafin mutanen Mohammed su ka tare shi. Bayan shafe sama da wata guda ana gwabza kazamin fada da 'yan Biafra suka koma [[Onitsha]] suka sake kwace yankin tsakiyar Yamma. Da kawo karshen mamayewar Midwest, 'yan Najeriya sun koma Nsukka suka fara shirin mamaye Babban Birnin Biafra [[Enugu (birni)|na Enugu]] . Saboda kusancin Nsukka da Enugu, ya kasance katangar dabarun yaki. Sojojin Najeriya sun mamaye yankin da ke kewayen Enugu a tsakiyar watan Satumbar 1967 da sanin cewa Enugu ba zai fadi cikin sauki ba idan aka kai musu hari, don haka aka yanke shawarar kewaye birnin tare da yin kawanya. A ranar 30 ga watan Satumba ne sojojin Najeriya suka samu nasarar kutsa kai cikin layukan tsaron kasar Biafra da ke kewayen Enugu tare da shiga cikin birnin. Bayan kwashe kwanaki 6 ana gwabza kazamin fada da sojojin Biafra suka koma bayan gari, inda suka mayar da babban birninsu kudu zuwa Umuahia. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1y4mme7hs66gg9pn670sgrmw8brqay0 0 117884 820785 722280 2026-04-13T14:22:17Z BnHamid 12586 820785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mohammed Laminu Mele''' ya kasance farfesa ne Dan Kasar Najeriya na Turanci da Harshe kuma Mataimakin Shugaban [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]] na yanzu. Ya hau wannan mukamin ne a ranar 18 ga watan Satumba 2024, biyo bayan nadin da Majalisar Gudanarwa ta ma'aikatar ta nada shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NWOKWU |first=RUTH |date=19 September 2024 |title=UNIMAID Appoints Prof Mele As New Vice-Chancellor |url=https://leadership.ng/unimaid-appoints-prof-mele-as-new-vice-chancellor/ |access-date=16 January 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Galadima |first=Atiku |date=19 September 2024 |title=UNIMAID appoints Prof Mele as substantive VC |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/unimaid-appoints-prof-mele-as-substantive-vc/ |access-date=16 January 2025 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=News Agency of |date=19 September 2024 |title=UniMaid appoints Mohammed Mele as substantive vice-chancellor |url=https://gazettengr.com/unimaid-appoints-mohammed-mele-as-substantive-vice-chancellor/ |access-date=16 January 2025 |website=Peoples Gazette Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Kafin wannan, ya yi aiki a matsayin mukaddashin Mataimakin Shugaban kasa daga 3 ga watan Yuni na shekarar 2024, wanda ya gaji [[Aliyu Shugaba]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okoye |first=Francis |date=6 June 2024 |title=Returning Officer Of Adamawa Gov'ship Poll Emerges Vice Chancellor |url=https://leadership.ng/returning-officer-of-adamawa-govship-poll-emerges-vice-chancellor/ |access-date=16 January 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lucky |first=Ajidoku |date=19 September 2024 |title=Meet UNIMAID New VC, Professor Mohammed Laminu Mele |url=https://nigerianscholars.com/school-news/meet-unimaid-new-vc/ |access-date=16 January 2025 |website=Nigerian Scholars |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Abiola |first=Adebayo |date=19 September 2024 |title=UNIMAID gets substantive VC |url=https://solacebase.com/unimaid-gets-substantive-vc/ |access-date=16 January 2025 |website=SolaceBase}}</ref> Gudummawar da ya bayar a fannin ilimi sun hada da ayyukan kamar Kanuri Proverbs: Metaphoric Conceptualization of a Cultural Discourse and Nigerian Languages and Conflict Resolution: The Case for Proverbs and Figurative Expressions, dukansu an buga su a cikin mujallu da yawa na duniya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mele |first=Mohammed |date=7 March 2016 |title=Nigerian Languages and Conflict Resolution: The Case for Proverbs and Figurative Expressions |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/398/edited_volume/chapter/1812667 |journal=M & J Grand Orbit Communications |via=Project MUSE}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mele |first=Mohammed Laminu |date=1 September 2013 |title=Kanuri proverbs: Metaphoric conceptualization of a cultural discourse |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13696815.2012.749783 |journal=Journal of African Cultural Studies |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=333–348 |doi=10.1080/13696815.2012.749783 |issn=1369-6815 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mele |first=Mohammed Laminu |date=2013 |title=Kanuri proverbs: metaphoric conceptualization of a cultural discourse |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42005332 |journal=Journal of African Cultural Studies |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=333–348 |doi=10.1080/13696815.2012.749783 |issn=1369-6815 |jstor=42005332 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Borno]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ayuqrr98cqbckxzdxck82iiumdd819e 0 117935 820834 722434 2026-04-13T15:02:34Z BnHamid 12586 820834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Baballe Hayatu''' wanda aka fi sani da sunan sa na ƙwararru, Abubakar Baballe Hayatu, jarumi ne, mai shirya fim, kuma mai barkwanci a masana'antar Kannywood. An haife shi a ranar 11 ga Agusta, 1987, a Kano, Najeriya. Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai shirya kayan sawa (costume designer) kafin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun jarumai a masana'antar fim ta Hausa. A cikin fiye da shekaru 20 na aiki, Baballe ya taka rawa a fina-finai fiye da 70 kuma ya shirya fiye da 30. Wasu daga cikin fitattun fina-finan da ya fito a ciki sun haɗa da Abin Sirri Ne, Aya, Mansoor, Igiyar Zato, da Ruwan Dare. A cikin fim ɗin Mansoor, wanda aka fitar a 2017, Baballe ya taka rawa tare da Umar M. Shareef, Maryam Yahya, Ali Nuhu, da Abba El-Mustapha. Fim ɗin ya samu yabo daga masu sukar fim kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta Best Indigenous Movie of the Year a gasar Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards 2018. === Rayuwar Sirri === Baballe Hayatu yana da suna a matsayin mai kishin sana'a da kuma mai kare ingancin labarai a masana'antar Kannywood. Har zuwa shekarar 2025, bai yi aure ba. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] l8n49on1bsmlmpl1m7lzhiwi3qeydw6 0 122804 820779 745595 2026-04-13T14:20:26Z BnHamid 12586 820779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A farkon sa'o'i na ranar 13 ga Maris, 1964, an yi wa '''Kitty Genovese''', mai shekaru 28 mai sayar da giya fyade kuma an yi mata wuka a waje da ginin gida inda take zaune a unguwar Kew Gardens na yankin Queens na [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]], Amurka.<ref name="VintN">{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Kristin |date=June 8, 2018 |title=The murder of "Kitty" Genovese that led to the Bystander Effect |url=https://www.thevintagenews.com/2018/06/08/kitty-genovese |access-date=August 6, 2019 |website=Vintage News |quote=She parked her car and started walking towards her apartment building, when she noticed a man standing at the corner end of the parking lot. Genovese nervously kept walking. Moseley had caught up to her, close to her apartment building, when he took his first stab.}}</ref> Makonni biyu bayan kisan, The New York Times ta wallafa wata kasida da ke ikirarin cewa shaidu talatin da bakwai sun ga ko sun ji harin, kuma babu wani daga cikinsu da ya kira 'yan sanda ko ya zo mata taimako. Koyaya, binciken da ya biyo baya ya nuna cewa girman rashin jin daɗi na jama'a ya wuce gona da iri. Yayinda wasu makwabta suka ji kukan ta, da yawa ba su fahimci tsananin halin da ake ciki ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-21 |title=Kitty Genovese ‑ Case, Murder & Bystander |url=https://www.history.com/topics/crime/kitty-genovese |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=HISTORY |language=en}}</ref> Wannan lamari ya haifar da bincike game da abin da aka sani da Tasirin mai kallo, ko kuma "Cutar Genovese," kuma kisan ya zama babban abu na litattafan ilimin halayyar Amurka na shekaru arba'in masu zuwa. Masu bincike sun gano manyan rashin daidaito a cikin labarin Times, kuma tambayoyin 'yan sanda sun nuna cewa wasu shaidu sun yi ƙoƙari su tuntubi hukumomi. A shekara ta 1964, 'yan jarida a wata kungiya ta labarai masu fafatawa sun gano cewa labarin Times bai dace da gaskiyar ba, amma ba su da niyyar kalubalantar editan Times Abe Rosenthal a ''''Lokaci''''. A cikin shekara ta 2007, wani labarin a cikin American Psychologist ya sami "babu wata shaida game da kasancewar shaidu 38, ko kuma cewa shaidu sun lura da kisan, ko kuma cewashaidu sun kasance marasa aiki".<ref name="Manning">{{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Rachel |last2=Levine |first2=Mark |last3=Collins |first3=Alan |date=September 2007 |title=The Kitty Genovese Murder and the Social Psychology of Helping: The Parable of the 38 Witnesses |journal=[[American Psychologist]] |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=[[American Psychological Association]] |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=555–562 |citeseerx=10.1.1.210.6010 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.62.6.555 |pmid=17874896}}</ref> A cikin 2016, Times ta kira nasa rahoto "ba daidai ba", tana mai cewa labarin asali "ya wuce gona da iri yawan shaidu da abin da suka fahimta". An kama Winston Moseley, ɗan asalin Manhattan mai shekaru 29, a lokacin fashi a gida kwana shida bayan kisan. Yayinda yake cikin tsare, ya furta cewa ya kashe Genovese. A lokacin shari'arsa, an sami Moseley da laifin kisan kai kuma [[Hukuncin kisa a Amurka|An yanke masa hukuncin kisa]]. An sauya hukuncinsa zuwa ɗaurin rai da rai. Moseley ya mutu a kurkuku a ranar 28 ga Maris, 2016, yana da shekaru 81, bayan ya yi shekaru 52. == Wanda aka azabtar ==   [[Fayil:Kitty_Genovese_Childhood_Home_-_Brooklyn_NY.jpg|left|thumb|267x267px|Gidan yarinta na Kitty Genovese a Park Slope, wanda aka ɗauka a 2023]] An haifi Catherine Susan "Kitty" Genovese a cikin garin Brooklyn na New York a ranar 7 ga Yuli, 1935, <ref name="kew">{{Cite web |last=Demay |first=Joseph |title=Kitty Genovese: A Biographical Sketch |url=http://www.oldkewgardens.com/ss-nytimes-3-6.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070223065725/http://www.oldkewgardens.com/ss-nytimes-3-6.html |archive-date=February 23, 2007 |access-date=March 12, 2007 |website=A Picture History of Kew Gardens, NY}}</ref> babba cikin yara biyar na iyayen Italiyanci-Amurka Rachel (née Giordano) da Vincent Andronelle Genovese. [13] Genovese ta girma a matsayin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]], tana zaune a cikin gidan da aka yi da dutse mai laushi a 29 St. John's Place a Park Slope, wani yanki na yammacin Brooklyn wanda yawancin iyalai na al'adun Italiyanci da Irish suka cika. A lokacin da take matashiya, Genovese ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Prospect Heights, inda aka tunatar da ita a matsayin "mai tabbatar da kanta fiye da shekarunta" kuma tana da "tsarin rana".[16] A shekara ta 1954, bayan mahaifiyarta ta ga kisan kai, dangin Genovese sun koma New Canaan, [[Connecticut]], yayin da Genovese, wacce ta kammala karatun sakandare kwanan nan, ta kasance a Brooklyn tare da kakanninta don shirya auren da ke zuwa. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ma'auratan sun yi aure, amma an sokewa auren a kusa da ƙarshen 1954 saboda jima'i na Genovese a matsayin [[Maɗigo|lesbian]]. [16] Bayan ta koma wani gida a Brooklyn, Genovese ta yi aiki a ayyukan malamai, wanda ta ga ba shi da kyau. A ƙarshen shekarun 1950, ta karɓi matsayi a matsayin mai shayarwa. A watan Agustan 1961 an kama ta a takaice saboda yin caca, yayin da take karbar fare a kan tseren dawakai daga masu kula da mashaya.<ref>{{cite news |date=March 14, 1964 |title=Queens Woman Is Stabbed to Death in Front of Home |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10611FB395415738DDDAD0994DB405B848AF1D3 |access-date=July 5, 2007 |page=26 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=New York City}}</ref> Ita da abokiyarta, Dee Guarnieri, an ci su tarar $ 50 kowannensu (daidai da $ 526 a 2024) kuma ta rasa aikinta.[19] Genovese ya sami wani matsayi na bar a Ev's Eleventh Hour Bar a kan Jamaica Avenue da 193rd Street a Hollis, Queens, kuma nan da nan yana sarrafa mashaya a madadin mai shi.[20] Ta hanyar aiki sau biyu ta sami damar adana kuɗi, wanda ta yi niyyar amfani da shi don buɗe gidan cin abinci na Italiya.[19] Ta raba gidanta na Kew Gardens a 82-70 Austin Street tare da Mary Ann Zielonko, budurwarta tun 1963; <ref>{{cite news |date=March 14, 1964 |title=Queens Woman Is Stabbed to Death in Front of Home |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10611FB395415738DDDAD0994DB405B848AF1D3 |access-date=July 5, 2007 |page=26 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=New York City}}</ref> Zielonko ta mutu a 2024 tana da shekaru 85.[22] == Harin == {{maplink|from=Murder of Kitty Genovese.map|frame=yes|frame-lat=40.709745|frame-long=-73.830306|zoom=18|frame-width=250|frame-height=280|text=Map of the attack}}Da misalin karfe 2:30 na safe a ranar 13 ga Maris, 1964, Genovese ta bar Ev's Eleventh Hour Bar kuma ta fara tuki zuwa gida a cikin jan Fiat. Yayinda take jiran hasken zirga-zirga don canzawa a kan Hoover Avenue, Winston Moseley ne ya hango ta, wanda ke zaune a cikin Chevrolet Corvair da aka ajiye. Genovese ta isa gida da misalin karfe 3:15 na safe kuma ta ajiye motarta a filin ajiye motoci na Kew Gardens Long Island Rail Road, kimanin mita 100 daga ƙofar zuwa gidanta, a cikin wata hanya a bayan ginin.[24] Yayin da ta yi tafiya zuwa ginin, Moseley, wacce ta bi ta gidanta, ta fita daga motarsa, wacce ya ajiye a tashar bas din kusurwa a titin Austin. Tare da wuka na farauta, ya kusanci Genovese.[24]&nbsp;&nbsp; Genovese ya gudu zuwa gaban ginin, kuma Moseley ya gudu bayan ta, ya kama ta kuma ya soke ta sau biyu a baya. Genovese ta yi ihu, "Ya Allahna, ya soke ni! Taimaka ni!" Makwabta da yawa sun ji kukan ta, amma kaɗan ne kawai suka gane sautin a matsayin kukan neman taimako. Lokacin da Robert Mozer, ɗaya daga cikin maƙwabta, ya yi ihu ga mai kai farmaki, "Bari yarinyar ta gudu!" Moseley ya gudu kuma Genovese a hankali ya shiga hanyar zuwa bayan ginin, <ref name="Manning">{{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Rachel |last2=Levine |first2=Mark |last3=Collins |first3=Alan |date=September 2007 |title=The Kitty Genovese Murder and the Social Psychology of Helping: The Parable of the 38 Witnesses |journal=[[American Psychologist]] |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=[[American Psychological Association]] |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=555–562 |citeseerx=10.1.1.210.6010 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.62.6.555 |pmid=17874896}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFManningLevineCollins2007">Manning, Rachel; Levine, Mark; Collins, Alan (September 2007). "The Kitty Genovese Murder and the Social Psychology of Helping: The Parable of the 38 Witnesses". ''[[American Psychologist]]''. '''62''' (6). Washington, D.C.: [[American Psychological Association]]: <span class="nowrap">555–</span>562. [[CiteSeerX (identifier)|CiteSeerX]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.210.6010 10.1.1.210.6010]</span>. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/0003-066x.62.6.555|10.1037/0003-066x.62.6.555]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17874896 17874896].</cite></ref> ya ji rauni sosai kuma ba a iya ganin kowane shaidu ba.<ref name="krajicek" /> Shaidu sun ga Moseley ya shiga motarsa, ya tafi ya dawo bayan minti goma. Da yake inuwa da fuskarsa da hat mai faɗi, ya bincika filin ajiye motoci, tashar jirgin ƙasa da kuma wani ɗaki, a ƙarshe ya sami Genovese, wanda ba shi da hankali kuma yana kwance a cikin hallway a bayan ginin, inda ƙofar da aka kulle ta hana ta shiga ciki.<ref name="findingdulcinea">{{Cite web |date=March 13, 2011 |title=On This Day: NYC Woman Killed as Neighbors Look On |url=http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/March-April-08/On-this-Day--NYC-Woman-Killed-as-Neighbors-Look-On.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109003803/http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/March-April-08/On-this-Day--NYC-Woman-Killed-as-Neighbors-Look-On.html |archive-date=November 9, 2020 |access-date=April 20, 2014 |website=Finding Dulcinea}}</ref> Ba tare da ganin titin da wadanda suka ji ko ganin duk wata alama ta harin farko ba, Moseley ta soke Genovese sau da yawa kafin ta yi mata [[fyade]], ta sace $ 49 daga gare ta kuma ta sake gudu. Hare-haren sun kai kusan rabin sa'a, kuma raunukan wuka a hannun Genovese sun nuna cewa ta yi ƙoƙari ta kare kanta. Makwabcinta kuma abokiyarta ta kusa, Sophia Farrar, ta sami Genovese jim kadan bayan harin na biyu kuma ta riƙe ta a hannunta, tana murmushi, "Taimakon yana kan hanya" har sai motar asibiti ta iso. Rubuce-rubucen kiran farko ga 'yan sanda ba su da tabbas, amma ba a ba da kiran da fifiko ba; lamarin ya faru shekaru hudu kafin [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]] ya aiwatar da tsarin kiran gaggawa 9-1-1.<ref>{{cite news |date=March 14, 1964 |title=Queens Woman Is Stabbed to Death in Front of Home |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10611FB395415738DDDAD0994DB405B848AF1D3 |access-date=July 5, 2007 |page=26 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=New York City}}</ref> Wani mai shaida ya ce mahaifinsa ya kira 'yan sanda bayan harin farko kuma ya ba da rahoton cewa wata mace "ta yi ta duka, amma ta tashi ta yi ta yawo".<ref name="Rosenthal">{{Cite book|last3=A.M. Rosenthal}}</ref> Bayan 'yan mintoci kaɗan bayan harin na biyu, wani shaida, Karl Ross, ya kira abokai don ba da shawara game da abin da za su yi kafin su kira 'yan sanda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-21 |title=Kitty Genovese ‑ Case, Murder & Bystander |url=https://www.history.com/topics/crime/kitty-genovese |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=HISTORY |language=en}}</ref> An ɗauke Genovese da motar asibiti a karfe 4:15 na safe, kuma ya mutu a kan hanyar zuwa asibiti. An binne ta a ranar 16 ga Maris, 1964, a Kabari na Lakeview a New Canaan, Connecticut . [16]&nbsp; == Binciken 'yan sanda == Zielonko, budurwa ta Genovese, Detective Mitchell Sang ya yi mata tambayoyi da karfe 7:00 na safe bayan kisan. Daga baya masu binciken kisan kai guda biyu, John Carroll da Jerry Burns, suka yi mata tambayoyi na tsawon sa'o'i shida, wadanda tambayoyin su suka shafi dangantakarta da Genovese. Wannan kuma shine abin da 'yan sanda suka mayar da hankali lokacin da suka tambayi maƙwabtan ma'auratan. Da farko, Zielonko an dauke shi wanda ake zargi.<ref name="history">{{Cite web |date=August 21, 2018 |title=Kitty Genovese |url=https://www.history.com/topics/crime/kitty-genovese |access-date=November 14, 2018 |website=[[History.com|History]] |publisher=[[A&E Television Networks]] |language=en}}</ref>&nbsp; A ranar 19 ga watan Maris, 1964, kwana shida bayan wuka, an kama Moseley saboda zargin fashi a Ozone Park bayan an gano gidan talabijin a cikin akwati na motarsa. An bincika motar bayan wani mutum na yankin, Raoul Cleary, ya zama mai tuhuma lokacin da ya ga Moseley yana cire talabijin daga gidan maƙwabci. Cleary ya tambayi Moseley, wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa ma'aikacin cirewa ne. Koyaya, bayan tuntuɓar wani maƙwabci, Jack Brown, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa masu gida ba sa motsawa, Cleary ya kira 'yan sanda. Brown ya nakasa motar Moseley don tabbatar da cewa ba zai iya tserewa ba kafin 'yan sanda su isa. Wani mai bincike ya tuna cewa wasu shaidu sun ruwaito wani fararen mota mai kama da Moseley game da kisan Genovese, kuma ya sanar da masu bincike Carroll da Sang. A lokacin tambayoyin, Moseley ta yarda da kisan Genovese da wasu mata biyu - Annie Mae Johnson, wacce aka harbe ta kuma ta kone ta mutu a gidanta a Kudancin Ozone Park 'yan makonni da suka gabata; da kuma Barbara Kralik mai shekaru 15, wacce aka kashe a gidan iyayenta na Springfield a watan Yuli da ya gabata.<ref name="history2">{{Cite web |date=August 21, 2018 |title=Kitty Genovese |url=https://www.history.com/topics/crime/kitty-genovese |access-date=November 14, 2018 |website=[[History.com|History]] |publisher=[[A&E Television Networks]] |language=en}}</ref> == Mai aikata laifin == '''Winston Moseley''' yana da shekaru 29 a lokacin da ya kashe Genovese. Ya fito ne daga Ozone Park, Queens, kuma ya yi aiki a Remington Rand a matsayin mai aiki, yana shirya katunan da aka yi amfani da su a wannan lokacin galibi don shigar da bayanai don kwamfutocin dijital.[34] Moseley ta yi aure tare da 'ya'ya uku kuma ba ta da wani laifi.[16] Yayinda yake cikin tsare, Moseley ya furta cewa ya kashe Genovese. Ya ba da cikakken bayani game da harin, yana tabbatar da Shaidar jiki a wurin. Ya ce dalilin da ya sa ya kai harin shi ne kawai "kashe mace", yana mai cewa ya fi son kashe mata saboda "sun kasance masu sauƙi kuma ba su yi yaƙi ba". Moseley ya bayyana cewa ya tashi a wannan dare a kusa da karfe 2 na safe, yayin da matarsa ke aiki da dare a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya mai rijista, kuma ya tuka ta Queens don neman wanda aka azabtar.[35]&nbsp; Moseley ta ga Genovese a kan hanyarsu ta gida kuma ta bi ta zuwa filin ajiye motoci kafin ta kashe ta.[35] Ya kuma furta kisan kai da cin zarafin wasu mata biyu da kuma aikata fashi tsakanin talatin zuwa arba'in.[36] Binciken da ya biyo baya ya nuna cewa Moseley ne necrophile.[37] === Shari'a === An tuhumi Moseley da kisan Genovese amma ba a tuhume shi da sauran kisan kai biyu da ya yarda da su ba. Ga 'yan sanda, wani abu mai rikitarwa shi ne cewa wani mutum, Alvin Mitchell, ya kuma furta kisan Barbara Kralik.[39] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] or2092vjfne81ac6j1dxjmi6z9fgajw 820780 820779 2026-04-13T14:20:40Z BnHamid 12586 820780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A farkon sa'o'i na ranar 13 ga Maris, 1964, an yi wa '''Kitty Genovese''', mai shekaru 28 mai sayar da giya fyade kuma an yi mata wuka a waje da ginin gida inda take zaune a unguwar Kew Gardens na yankin Queens na [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]], Amurka.<ref name="VintN">{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Kristin |date=June 8, 2018 |title=The murder of "Kitty" Genovese that led to the Bystander Effect |url=https://www.thevintagenews.com/2018/06/08/kitty-genovese |access-date=August 6, 2019 |website=Vintage News |quote=She parked her car and started walking towards her apartment building, when she noticed a man standing at the corner end of the parking lot. Genovese nervously kept walking. Moseley had caught up to her, close to her apartment building, when he took his first stab.}}</ref> Makonni biyu bayan kisan, The New York Times ta wallafa wata kasida da ke ikirarin cewa shaidu talatin da bakwai sun ga ko sun ji harin, kuma babu wani daga cikinsu da ya kira 'yan sanda ko ya zo mata taimako. Koyaya, binciken da ya biyo baya ya nuna cewa girman rashin jin daɗi na jama'a ya wuce gona da iri. Yayinda wasu makwabta suka ji kukan ta, da yawa ba su fahimci tsananin halin da ake ciki ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-21 |title=Kitty Genovese ‑ Case, Murder & Bystander |url=https://www.history.com/topics/crime/kitty-genovese |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=HISTORY |language=en}}</ref> Wannan lamari ya haifar da bincike game da abin da aka sani da Tasirin mai kallo, ko kuma "Cutar Genovese," kuma kisan ya zama babban abu na litattafan ilimin halayyar Amurka na shekaru arba'in masu zuwa. Masu bincike sun gano manyan rashin daidaito a cikin labarin Times, kuma tambayoyin 'yan sanda sun nuna cewa wasu shaidu sun yi ƙoƙari su tuntubi hukumomi. A shekara ta 1964, 'yan jarida a wata kungiya ta labarai masu fafatawa sun gano cewa labarin Times bai dace da gaskiyar ba, amma ba su da niyyar kalubalantar editan Times Abe Rosenthal a ''''Lokaci''''. A cikin shekara ta 2007, wani labarin a cikin American Psychologist ya sami "babu wata shaida game da kasancewar shaidu 38, ko kuma cewa shaidu sun lura da kisan, ko kuma cewashaidu sun kasance marasa aiki".<ref name="Manning">{{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Rachel |last2=Levine |first2=Mark |last3=Collins |first3=Alan |date=September 2007 |title=The Kitty Genovese Murder and the Social Psychology of Helping: The Parable of the 38 Witnesses |journal=[[American Psychologist]] |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=[[American Psychological Association]] |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=555–562 |citeseerx=10.1.1.210.6010 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.62.6.555 |pmid=17874896}}</ref> A cikin 2016, Times ta kira nasa rahoto "ba daidai ba", tana mai cewa labarin asali "ya wuce gona da iri yawan shaidu da abin da suka fahimta". An kama Winston Moseley, ɗan asalin Manhattan mai shekaru 29, a lokacin fashi a gida kwana shida bayan kisan. Yayinda yake cikin tsare, ya furta cewa ya kashe Genovese. A lokacin shari'arsa, an sami Moseley da laifin kisan kai kuma [[Hukuncin kisa a Amurka|An yanke masa hukuncin kisa]]. An sauya hukuncinsa zuwa ɗaurin rai da rai. Moseley ya mutu a kurkuku a ranar 28 ga Maris, 2016, yana da shekaru 81, bayan ya yi shekaru 52. == Wanda aka azabtar ==   [[Fayil:Kitty_Genovese_Childhood_Home_-_Brooklyn_NY.jpg|left|thumb|267x267px|Gidan yarinta na Kitty Genovese a Park Slope, wanda aka ɗauka a 2023]] An haifi Catherine Susan "Kitty" Genovese a cikin garin Brooklyn na New York a ranar 7 ga Yuli, 1935, <ref name="kew">{{Cite web |last=Demay |first=Joseph |title=Kitty Genovese: A Biographical Sketch |url=http://www.oldkewgardens.com/ss-nytimes-3-6.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070223065725/http://www.oldkewgardens.com/ss-nytimes-3-6.html |archive-date=February 23, 2007 |access-date=March 12, 2007 |website=A Picture History of Kew Gardens, NY}}</ref> babba cikin yara biyar na iyayen Italiyanci-Amurka Rachel (née Giordano) da Vincent Andronelle Genovese. [13] Genovese ta girma a matsayin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]], tana zaune a cikin gidan da aka yi da dutse mai laushi a 29 St. John's Place a Park Slope, wani yanki na yammacin Brooklyn wanda yawancin iyalai na al'adun Italiyanci da Irish suka cika. A lokacin da take matashiya, Genovese ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Prospect Heights, inda aka tunatar da ita a matsayin "mai tabbatar da kanta fiye da shekarunta" kuma tana da "tsarin rana".[16] A shekara ta 1954, bayan mahaifiyarta ta ga kisan kai, dangin Genovese sun koma New Canaan, [[Connecticut]], yayin da Genovese, wacce ta kammala karatun sakandare kwanan nan, ta kasance a Brooklyn tare da kakanninta don shirya auren da ke zuwa. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ma'auratan sun yi aure, amma an sokewa auren a kusa da ƙarshen 1954 saboda jima'i na Genovese a matsayin [[Maɗigo|lesbian]]. [16] Bayan ta koma wani gida a Brooklyn, Genovese ta yi aiki a ayyukan malamai, wanda ta ga ba shi da kyau. A ƙarshen shekarun 1950, ta karɓi matsayi a matsayin mai shayarwa. A watan Agustan 1961 an kama ta a takaice saboda yin caca, yayin da take karbar fare a kan tseren dawakai daga masu kula da mashaya.<ref>{{cite news |date=March 14, 1964 |title=Queens Woman Is Stabbed to Death in Front of Home |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10611FB395415738DDDAD0994DB405B848AF1D3 |access-date=July 5, 2007 |page=26 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=New York City}}</ref> Ita da abokiyarta, Dee Guarnieri, an ci su tarar $ 50 kowannensu (daidai da $ 526 a 2024) kuma ta rasa aikinta.[19] Genovese ya sami wani matsayi na bar a Ev's Eleventh Hour Bar a kan Jamaica Avenue da 193rd Street a Hollis, Queens, kuma nan da nan yana sarrafa mashaya a madadin mai shi.[20] Ta hanyar aiki sau biyu ta sami damar adana kuɗi, wanda ta yi niyyar amfani da shi don buɗe gidan cin abinci na Italiya.[19] Ta raba gidanta na Kew Gardens a 82-70 Austin Street tare da Mary Ann Zielonko, budurwarta tun 1963; <ref>{{cite news |date=March 14, 1964 |title=Queens Woman Is Stabbed to Death in Front of Home |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10611FB395415738DDDAD0994DB405B848AF1D3 |access-date=July 5, 2007 |page=26 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=New York City}}</ref> Zielonko ta mutu a 2024 tana da shekaru 85.[22] == Harin == {{maplink|from=Murder of Kitty Genovese.map|frame=yes|frame-lat=40.709745|frame-long=-73.830306|zoom=18|frame-width=250|frame-height=280|text=Map of the attack}}Da misalin karfe 2:30 na safe a ranar 13 ga Maris, 1964, Genovese ta bar Ev's Eleventh Hour Bar kuma ta fara tuki zuwa gida a cikin jan Fiat. Yayinda take jiran hasken zirga-zirga don canzawa a kan Hoover Avenue, Winston Moseley ne ya hango ta, wanda ke zaune a cikin Chevrolet Corvair da aka ajiye. Genovese ta isa gida da misalin karfe 3:15 na safe kuma ta ajiye motarta a filin ajiye motoci na Kew Gardens Long Island Rail Road, kimanin mita 100 daga ƙofar zuwa gidanta, a cikin wata hanya a bayan ginin.[24] Yayin da ta yi tafiya zuwa ginin, Moseley, wacce ta bi ta gidanta, ta fita daga motarsa, wacce ya ajiye a tashar bas din kusurwa a titin Austin. Tare da wuka na farauta, ya kusanci Genovese.[24]&nbsp;&nbsp; Genovese ya gudu zuwa gaban ginin, kuma Moseley ya gudu bayan ta, ya kama ta kuma ya soke ta sau biyu a baya. Genovese ta yi ihu, "Ya Allahna, ya soke ni! Taimaka ni!" Makwabta da yawa sun ji kukan ta, amma kaɗan ne kawai suka gane sautin a matsayin kukan neman taimako. Lokacin da Robert Mozer, ɗaya daga cikin maƙwabta, ya yi ihu ga mai kai farmaki, "Bari yarinyar ta gudu!" Moseley ya gudu kuma Genovese a hankali ya shiga hanyar zuwa bayan ginin, <ref name="Manning">{{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Rachel |last2=Levine |first2=Mark |last3=Collins |first3=Alan |date=September 2007 |title=The Kitty Genovese Murder and the Social Psychology of Helping: The Parable of the 38 Witnesses |journal=[[American Psychologist]] |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=[[American Psychological Association]] |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=555–562 |citeseerx=10.1.1.210.6010 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.62.6.555 |pmid=17874896}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFManningLevineCollins2007">Manning, Rachel; Levine, Mark; Collins, Alan (September 2007). "The Kitty Genovese Murder and the Social Psychology of Helping: The Parable of the 38 Witnesses". ''[[American Psychologist]]''. '''62''' (6). Washington, D.C.: [[American Psychological Association]]: <span class="nowrap">555–</span>562. [[CiteSeerX (identifier)|CiteSeerX]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.210.6010 10.1.1.210.6010]</span>. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/0003-066x.62.6.555|10.1037/0003-066x.62.6.555]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17874896 17874896].</cite></ref> ya ji rauni sosai kuma ba a iya ganin kowane shaidu ba.<ref name="krajicek" /> Shaidu sun ga Moseley ya shiga motarsa, ya tafi ya dawo bayan minti goma. Da yake inuwa da fuskarsa da hat mai faɗi, ya bincika filin ajiye motoci, tashar jirgin ƙasa da kuma wani ɗaki, a ƙarshe ya sami Genovese, wanda ba shi da hankali kuma yana kwance a cikin hallway a bayan ginin, inda ƙofar da aka kulle ta hana ta shiga ciki.<ref name="findingdulcinea">{{Cite web |date=March 13, 2011 |title=On This Day: NYC Woman Killed as Neighbors Look On |url=http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/March-April-08/On-this-Day--NYC-Woman-Killed-as-Neighbors-Look-On.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109003803/http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/March-April-08/On-this-Day--NYC-Woman-Killed-as-Neighbors-Look-On.html |archive-date=November 9, 2020 |access-date=April 20, 2014 |website=Finding Dulcinea}}</ref> Ba tare da ganin titin da wadanda suka ji ko ganin duk wata alama ta harin farko ba, Moseley ta soke Genovese sau da yawa kafin ta yi mata [[fyade]], ta sace $ 49 daga gare ta kuma ta sake gudu. Hare-haren sun kai kusan rabin sa'a, kuma raunukan wuka a hannun Genovese sun nuna cewa ta yi ƙoƙari ta kare kanta. Makwabcinta kuma abokiyarta ta kusa, Sophia Farrar, ta sami Genovese jim kadan bayan harin na biyu kuma ta riƙe ta a hannunta, tana murmushi, "Taimakon yana kan hanya" har sai motar asibiti ta iso. Rubuce-rubucen kiran farko ga 'yan sanda ba su da tabbas, amma ba a ba da kiran da fifiko ba; lamarin ya faru shekaru hudu kafin [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]] ya aiwatar da tsarin kiran gaggawa 9-1-1.<ref>{{cite news |date=March 14, 1964 |title=Queens Woman Is Stabbed to Death in Front of Home |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10611FB395415738DDDAD0994DB405B848AF1D3 |access-date=July 5, 2007 |page=26 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=New York City}}</ref> Wani mai shaida ya ce mahaifinsa ya kira 'yan sanda bayan harin farko kuma ya ba da rahoton cewa wata mace "ta yi ta duka, amma ta tashi ta yi ta yawo".<ref name="Rosenthal">{{Cite book|last3=A.M. Rosenthal}}</ref> Bayan 'yan mintoci kaɗan bayan harin na biyu, wani shaida, Karl Ross, ya kira abokai don ba da shawara game da abin da za su yi kafin su kira 'yan sanda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-21 |title=Kitty Genovese ‑ Case, Murder & Bystander |url=https://www.history.com/topics/crime/kitty-genovese |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=HISTORY |language=en}}</ref> An ɗauke Genovese da motar asibiti a karfe 4:15 na safe, kuma ya mutu a kan hanyar zuwa asibiti. An binne ta a ranar 16 ga Maris, 1964, a Kabari na Lakeview a New Canaan, Connecticut . [16]&nbsp; == Binciken 'yan sanda == Zielonko, budurwa ta Genovese, Detective Mitchell Sang ya yi mata tambayoyi da karfe 7:00 na safe bayan kisan. Daga baya masu binciken kisan kai guda biyu, John Carroll da Jerry Burns, suka yi mata tambayoyi na tsawon sa'o'i shida, wadanda tambayoyin su suka shafi dangantakarta da Genovese. Wannan kuma shine abin da 'yan sanda suka mayar da hankali lokacin da suka tambayi maƙwabtan ma'auratan. Da farko, Zielonko an dauke shi wanda ake zargi.<ref name="history">{{Cite web |date=August 21, 2018 |title=Kitty Genovese |url=https://www.history.com/topics/crime/kitty-genovese |access-date=November 14, 2018 |website=[[History.com|History]] |publisher=[[A&E Television Networks]] |language=en}}</ref>&nbsp; A ranar 19 ga watan Maris, 1964, kwana shida bayan wuka, an kama Moseley saboda zargin fashi a Ozone Park bayan an gano gidan talabijin a cikin akwati na motarsa. An bincika motar bayan wani mutum na yankin, Raoul Cleary, ya zama mai tuhuma lokacin da ya ga Moseley yana cire talabijin daga gidan maƙwabci. Cleary ya tambayi Moseley, wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa ma'aikacin cirewa ne. Koyaya, bayan tuntuɓar wani maƙwabci, Jack Brown, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa masu gida ba sa motsawa, Cleary ya kira 'yan sanda. Brown ya nakasa motar Moseley don tabbatar da cewa ba zai iya tserewa ba kafin 'yan sanda su isa. Wani mai bincike ya tuna cewa wasu shaidu sun ruwaito wani fararen mota mai kama da Moseley game da kisan Genovese, kuma ya sanar da masu bincike Carroll da Sang. A lokacin tambayoyin, Moseley ta yarda da kisan Genovese da wasu mata biyu - Annie Mae Johnson, wacce aka harbe ta kuma ta kone ta mutu a gidanta a Kudancin Ozone Park 'yan makonni da suka gabata; da kuma Barbara Kralik mai shekaru 15, wacce aka kashe a gidan iyayenta na Springfield a watan Yuli da ya gabata.<ref name="history2">{{Cite web |date=August 21, 2018 |title=Kitty Genovese |url=https://www.history.com/topics/crime/kitty-genovese |access-date=November 14, 2018 |website=[[History.com|History]] |publisher=[[A&E Television Networks]] |language=en}}</ref> == Mai aikata laifin == '''Winston Moseley''' yana da shekaru 29 a lokacin da ya kashe Genovese. Ya fito ne daga Ozone Park, Queens, kuma ya yi aiki a Remington Rand a matsayin mai aiki, yana shirya katunan da aka yi amfani da su a wannan lokacin galibi don shigar da bayanai don kwamfutocin dijital.[34] Moseley ta yi aure tare da 'ya'ya uku kuma ba ta da wani laifi.[16] Yayinda yake cikin tsare, Moseley ya furta cewa ya kashe Genovese. Ya ba da cikakken bayani game da harin, yana tabbatar da Shaidar jiki a wurin. Ya ce dalilin da ya sa ya kai harin shi ne kawai "kashe mace", yana mai cewa ya fi son kashe mata saboda "sun kasance masu sauƙi kuma ba su yi yaƙi ba". Moseley ya bayyana cewa ya tashi a wannan dare a kusa da karfe 2 na safe, yayin da matarsa ke aiki da dare a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya mai rijista, kuma ya tuka ta Queens don neman wanda aka azabtar.[35]&nbsp; Moseley ta ga Genovese a kan hanyarsu ta gida kuma ta bi ta zuwa filin ajiye motoci kafin ta kashe ta.[35] Ya kuma furta kisan kai da cin zarafin wasu mata biyu da kuma aikata fashi tsakanin talatin zuwa arba'in.[36] Binciken da ya biyo baya ya nuna cewa Moseley ne necrophile.[37] === Shari'a === An tuhumi Moseley da kisan Genovese amma ba a tuhume shi da sauran kisan kai biyu da ya yarda da su ba. Ga 'yan sanda, wani abu mai rikitarwa shi ne cewa wani mutum, Alvin Mitchell, ya kuma furta kisan Barbara Kralik.[39] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1fy5c8k3hyx5dexrc9kjs7nnn9vm3zd 0 123092 821044 746976 2026-04-14T06:07:28Z BnHamid 12586 821044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aqsa "Axa" Parvez''' (Urdu; 22 ga Afrilu, 1991 - 10 ga Disamba, 2007) ya kasance wanda aka kashe a [[Mississauga]], Ontario, Kanada . A lokacin shari'ar kisan kai, Mai Shari'a na Kotun Koli Bruce Durno ya amince da kisan a matsayin [[Kashewa da girmamawa|kisan girmamawa]], yana mai cewa, ya sami "mai matukar damuwa cewa uba da ɗan'uwa na iya kashe ɗan shekara 16 don manufar ceton girman kai na iyali, don ceton su daga abin da suka ɗauka a matsayin kunya na iyali".<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2010-06-15 |title=Father, son plead guilty to Aqsa Parvez murder |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/father-son-plead-guilty-to-aqsa-parvez-murder-1.905089 |access-date=2010-06-15 |publisher=[[CBC News|CBC]]}}</ref> Ɗan'uwan Aqsa, Waqas, ya maƙure ta. An bayar da rahoton mutuwar Aqsa a duniya kuma ta haifar da muhawara game da matsayin mata a cikin Islama.<ref name="CBC funeral">{{Cite web |date=2007-12-15 |title=Mourners upset at decision to cancel public funeral for slain Ont. girl |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/mourners-upset-at-decision-to-cancel-public-funeral-for-slain-ont-girl-1.686590?ref=rss |access-date=2007-12-17 |publisher=[[CBC News|CBC]]}}</ref> The Toronto Star ya bayyana cewa fahimtar mahaifin game da kansa ba zai iya rinjayar halayyar 'yarsa ba shine babban abin da ya haifar da mutuwar, kuma cewa "Media a Toronto da kewayen duniya nan da nan ya ruwaito kuma ya ci gaba da bayar da rahoton cewa an kashe Aqsa saboda ta ki sanya hijabi. Amma ya fi rikitarwa fiye da haka. "<ref name="MitchellJaved">{{Cite web |last=Mitchell, Bob |last2=Noor Javed |date=2010-06-16 |title='I killed my daughter. . . with my hands' |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/crime/i-killed-my-daughter-with-my-hands/article_cec7714d-78fd-5212-a430-1b3dc7de47ec.html |access-date=2020-01-11 |website=[[Toronto Star]]}}</ref> == Tarihi == Parvez dalibi ne na Makarantar Sakandare ta Applewood Heights a [[Mississauga]], Ontario, Kanada . Mahaifinta, Muhammad Parvez, direban taksi ne.<ref name="CTV">{{Cite web |date=2007-12-12 |title=Autopsy shows teen died from 'neck compression' |url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20071211/muslim_dad_071212/20071212?hub=TopStories |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214115032/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20071211/muslim_dad_071212/20071212?hub=TopStories |archive-date=2007-12-14 |access-date=2007-12-13 |publisher=[[CTV Television Network|CTV]]}}</ref> Ta girma ne a cikin iyalin [[Musulmi]] na asalin Pakistan. Mako guda kafin mutuwarta, ta koma tare da dangin makwabta, Lubna Tahir, don tserewa daga tashin hankali tare da iyalinta.<ref name="Globe">{{Cite web |date=2007-12-12 |title=Teen tried to leave strict family |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20071212.wgirl12/BNStory/National/home |access-date=2007-12-13 |publisher=[[The Globe and Mail]]}}</ref><ref name="Aqsa parvez mourned">{{Cite web |date=2007-12-16 |title=Aqsa parvez mourned |url=http://www.canada.com/edmontonjournal/story.html?id=4b0875ae-dada-4e47-8cd7-10d8e62aa614&k=93596 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218135419/http://www.canada.com/edmontonjournal/story.html?id=4b0875ae-dada-4e47-8cd7-10d8e62aa614&k=93596 |archive-date=2007-12-18 |access-date=2007-12-16 |publisher=[[The Edmonton Journal]]}}</ref> Parvez tana da matsalolin ilimi a makarantar ta, amma ta ki roƙon da za a tura ta makarantar Islama. Bayan barin gida a karo na farko, wani bangare saboda rashin son hijabi, mahaifinta ya aiko mata da wasika yana alkawarin ba ta ƙarin 'yanci. Daga baya ta bar gida a karo na biyu.<ref name="MitchellJaved">{{Cite web |last=Mitchell, Bob |last2=Noor Javed |date=2010-06-16 |title='I killed my daughter. . . with my hands' |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/crime/i-killed-my-daughter-with-my-hands/article_cec7714d-78fd-5212-a430-1b3dc7de47ec.html |access-date=2020-01-11 |website=[[Toronto Star]]}}</ref> == Kisan kai == An kashe Parvez a kusa da karfe 7:30 na safe (EST) a ranar 10 ga Disamba, 2007 a gidan iyalinta a [[Mississauga]] . Akwai mutane 12 a cikin gidan a lokacin da aka kashe ta.{{Spaces}} Da misalin karfe 8:00 na safe (EST), 'Yan sanda na Yankin Peel sun amsa kiran 911 daga wani mutum wanda ya ce ya kashe 'yarsa. Lokacin da jami'an suka isa wani gida mai zaman kansa, sun sami Parvez yana fama da raunin da ke barazana ga rayuwa.<ref name="Globe">{{Cite web |date=2007-12-12 |title=Teen tried to leave strict family |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20071212.wgirl12/BNStory/National/home |access-date=2007-12-13 |publisher=[[The Globe and Mail]]}}</ref> Nan da nan aka kai ta Asibitin Credit Valley kuma daga baya aka tura ta Asibitin Yara Marasa Lafiya inda ta mutu.<ref name="Globe" /> An koyi a kotu a shekara ta 2010 cewa ɗan'uwanta ne ya maƙure ta, wanda ya sa ta mutu daga matsin wuyanta.<ref name="CTV">{{Cite web |date=2007-12-12 |title=Autopsy shows teen died from 'neck compression' |url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20071211/muslim_dad_071212/20071212?hub=TopStories |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214115032/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20071211/muslim_dad_071212/20071212?hub=TopStories |archive-date=2007-12-14 |access-date=2007-12-13 |publisher=[[CTV Television Network|CTV]]}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibai ta ba da rahoton cewa mahaifinta yana barazana ga ita, yana sa ta ji tsoron rayuwarta.<ref name="CTV">{{Cite web |date=2007-12-12 |title=Autopsy shows teen died from 'neck compression' |url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20071211/muslim_dad_071212/20071212?hub=TopStories |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214115032/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20071211/muslim_dad_071212/20071212?hub=TopStories |archive-date=2007-12-14 |access-date=2007-12-13 |publisher=[[CTV Television Network|CTV]]}}</ref> Abokan Parvez sun kuma ce tana so ta gudu daga iyalinta don tserewa daga rikice-rikice tare da su.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mitchell |first=Bob |last2=Javed |first2=Noor |date=2010-06-16 |title='I killed my daughter... with my hands' |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-toronto-star-i-killed-my-daughter/172061264/ |access-date=2025-05-10 |work=The Toronto Star |pages=17}}</ref> == Karin laifi == An tuhumi Muhammad Parvez da kisan kai na farko kuma an hana shi beli.[1] Babban ɗan'uwan wanda aka azabtar, Waqas Parvez, wanda mahaifinsa ya umarce shi da kada ya yi magana da 'yan sanda, [1] da farko yana fuskantar tuhumar hana' yan sanda kuma an tsare shi.[2] An sake shi a kan beli kuma an umarce shi ya zauna tare da garantinsa kuma ya mika fasfo dinsa.[undefined] Koyaya, a ranar 27 ga Yuni, 2008, 'yan sanda na yankin Peel sun tuhumi Waqas Parvez da kisan kai na farko.[3] A ranar 15 ga Yuni, 2010, Muhammad Parvez da Waqas Parvez sun yi ikirarin aikata laifin kisan Aqsa Parvez, kuma an saki wata sanarwa game da gaskiyar da aka amince da ita.[1] Dukansu biyu an yanke musu hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai, ba tare da samun damar yin salula ba har zuwa 2028.[2] Muhammad Parvez ya mutu ne a watan Fabrairun 2017 yayin da yake cikin tsare.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mitchell |first=Bob |last2=Javed |first2=Noor |date=2010-06-16 |title='I killed my daughter... with my hands' |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-toronto-star-i-killed-my-daughter/172061264/ |access-date=2025-05-10 |work=The Toronto Star |pages=17}}</ref> == Halin da ake ciki == Kodayake an dauki kisan a matsayin lamari na kisan kai, wasu shugabannin Islama sun yi iƙirarin cewa lamari ne kawai na tashin hankali na gida.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mitchell |first=Bob |last2=Javed |first2=Noor |date=2010-06-16 |title='I killed my daughter... with my hands' |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-toronto-star-i-killed-my-daughter/172061264/ |access-date=2025-05-10 |work=The Toronto Star |pages=17}}</ref> Mutuwarta ta kuma haifar da muhawara game da matsayin mata a cikin al'ummomin Musulmi da Kudancin Asiya.<ref name="CBC funeral">{{Cite web |date=2007-12-15 |title=Mourners upset at decision to cancel public funeral for slain Ont. girl |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/mourners-upset-at-decision-to-cancel-public-funeral-for-slain-ont-girl-1.686590?ref=rss |access-date=2007-12-17 |publisher=[[CBC News|CBC]]}}</ref> Wata sanarwa da mahaifinta ya yi wa mahaifiyarta nan da nan bayan laifin daga baya aka ambata don tallafawa ka'idar kisan kai: "Al'ummarmu za su ce ba ku iya sarrafa 'yarku ba. Wannan zagi ne na. "<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mitchell |first=Bob |last2=Javed |first2=Noor |date=2010-06-16 |title='I killed my daughter... with my hands' |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-toronto-star-i-killed-my-daughter/172061264/ |access-date=2025-05-10 |work=The Toronto Star |pages=17}}</ref> Za a gudanar da jana'izar jama'a ga Parvez a karfe 1:30 na yamma (EST) a masallacin Mississauga a ranar 15 ga Disamba, 2007. <ref name="NP funeral">{{Cite web |date=2007-12-15 |title=Aqsa Parvez funeral made private |url=https://nationalpost.com/story.html?id=172125 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080102082810/http://www.nationalpost.com/story.html?id=172125 |archive-date=2008-01-02 |access-date=2007-12-17 |publisher=[[National Post]]}}</ref> Koyaya, sa'o'i kafin jana'izar, iyalinta sun yanke shawarar yin jana'izar sirri.<ref name="CBC funeral">{{Cite web |date=2007-12-15 |title=Mourners upset at decision to cancel public funeral for slain Ont. girl |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/mourners-upset-at-decision-to-cancel-public-funeral-for-slain-ont-girl-1.686590?ref=rss |access-date=2007-12-17 |publisher=[[CBC News|CBC]]}}</ref> An binne Parvez a Kabari na Meadowvale a Brampton; iyalinta sun ki bayar da gudummawar dutse da abin tunawa da mai fafutukar adawa da Islama Pamela Geller ta yi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mitchell |first=Bob |last2=Javed |first2=Noor |date=2010-06-16 |title='I killed my daughter... with my hands' |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-toronto-star-i-killed-my-daughter/172061264/ |access-date=2025-05-10 |work=The Toronto Star |pages=17}}</ref>{{Spaces}}{{Spaces}} Syed Soharwardy, shugaban imam a Cibiyar [[Musulunci]] ta Calgary kuma shugaban kasa na Majalisar Musulunci ta Kanada, ya shiga yajin aikin yunwa na kwana biyu don nuna rashin amincewa da tashin hankali na iyali, wanda ya bayyana a matsayin gaba ɗaya a kan koyarwar Musulunci.<ref name="Calgary Sun">{{Cite web |date=2007-12-14 |title=Calgary imam goes on hunger strike |url=http://calsun.canoe.ca/News/Alberta/2007/12/14/4725092.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070623032604/http://calsun.canoe.ca/News/Alberta/2007/12/14/4725092.html |archive-date=June 23, 2007 |access-date=2007-12-16 |publisher=[[Calgary Sun]]}}</ref> Mohammad Alnadui, mataimakin shugaban Majalisar Imamai ta Kanada, ya yi tir da kisan kuma ya kira shi "marar Islama".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mitchell |first=Bob |last2=Javed |first2=Noor |date=2010-06-16 |title='I killed my daughter... with my hands' |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-toronto-star-i-killed-my-daughter/172061264/ |access-date=2025-05-10 |work=The Toronto Star |pages=17}}</ref> An bayyana mutuwar Parvez a fim din Shelley Saywell na 2010 In the Name of the Family . == Dubi kuma == Kisan girmamawa a Kanada: * Kisan kiyashi na Shafia Kashe-kashen girmamawa na mutanen da ke da al'adun Pakistan a waje da Pakistan * Shafilea Ahmed (United Kingdom) * Sandeela Kanwal (Amurka) * Gazala Khan (Denmark) * Samaira Nazir (United Kingdom) * Hina Saleem (Italiya) * Sadia Sheikh (Belgium) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] r3zh5ztv6hyzt881vheudwfgvfl7bv7 0 123171 821059 747399 2026-04-14T06:12:02Z BnHamid 12586 821059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ayat Al-Rifai''', wata matashiya 'yar Siriya, mijinta da iyayenta ne suka kashe ta a ranar 31 ga Disamba 2021 a unguwar Al Moujtahed ta Damascus . <ref name="PL">{{Cite web |date=6 January 2022 |title=جريمة قتل في دمشق تهز الشارع العربي |url=https://www.bbc.com/arabic/trending-59899295 |website=[[BBC News]] |language=ar}}</ref> Kafofin yada labarai na Syria sun ce ta mutu ne sakamakon tashin hankali da mijinta da iyalinsa suka yi mata. Bayan mutuwarta, Ma'aikatar Bayanai da Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Iyali ta Siriya sun kaddamar da kamfen din "Kada ku yi shiru" don wayar da kan jama'a game da batutuwan tashin hankali na gida.<ref name="SANA">{{Cite web |date=6 January 2022 |title=حملة (لا تسكتي) لمناهضة العنف ضد المرأة والتوعية بالخدمات المتاحة للناجيات |url=https://sana.sy/?p=1555423 |website=[[Syrian Arab News Agency]] |language=ar}}</ref> Mijin Al-Rifai da iyayenta sun furta cewa an yi mata duka wanda hakan ya kai ga mutuwarta.[1] A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 2022 a cewar jaridar Syria Al-Watan, Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta farko a Damascus ta yanke wa mijinta da mahaifinsa hukuncin shekaru bakwai a kurkuku kuma ta umarce su da su biya iyalin Al-Rifai fam miliyan 15 (SYP). [2] An saki mahaifiyar mijinta bayan an yi amfani da ita. Mutuwar Al-Rifai ta jawo hankali ga rashin ka'idojin aikata laifuka a cikin dokar Siriya da ke magance tashin hankali na cikin gida a matsayin laifi.[2] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tnpq6au5ymif2ufuaky5oq52khd50a5 0 123796 820813 749553 2026-04-13T14:39:47Z BnHamid 12586 820813 wikitext text/x-wiki A ranar 28 ga Mayu 2021, an yi wa '''Esther Brown''' fyade kuma an kashe ta a gidanta a Woodlands, Glasgow, [[Scotland]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Webster |first=Laura |date=2021-10-15 |title=Man admits raping and murdering Scots pensioner Esther Brown |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/19651090.man-admits-raping-murdering-pensioner-glasgow-pensioner-esther-brown/ |access-date=2021-10-15 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jason Graham: Man jailed for life after raping and murdering pensioner Esther Brown in her own home |url=https://news.sky.com/story/jason-graham-man-jailed-for-life-after-raping-and-murdering-pensioner-esther-brown-in-her-own-home-12470979 |access-date=2022-02-08 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref> Jason Graham (wanda aka fi sani da Jason Evans ), mai aikata laifukan jima'i, wanda ba a san shi ba, an same shi da laifin fyade da kisan kai a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 2021, kuma an yanke masa hukuncin aƙalla shekaru 19 a kurkuku. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Learmonth |first=Andrew |date=23 March 2022 |title=Police should directly inform women if partner has history of abuse, says MSP |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/politics/20012540.labour-msp-calls-reform-clares-law/ |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=The Herald Scotland |language=en}}</ref> == Mai aikata laifin == Jason Graham bai san Brown ba, kuma ya kasance mai aikata laifukan jima'i. Yana da shekaru 30 a lokacin da ya yi wa Brown fyade kuma ya kashe shi.<ref name=":0" /> Graham ya canza sunansa zuwa Jason Evans jim kadan kafin harin.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Learmonth |first=Andrew |date=23 March 2022 |title=Police should directly inform women if partner has history of abuse, says MSP |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/politics/20012540.labour-msp-calls-reform-clares-law/ |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=The Herald Scotland |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLearmonth2022">Learmonth, Andrew (23 March 2022). [https://www.heraldscotland.com/politics/20012540.labour-msp-calls-reform-clares-law/ "Police should directly inform women if partner has history of abuse, says MSP"]. ''The Herald Scotland''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> An ruwaito cewa yayin da yake kurkuku, Jason Graham ya yi ƙoƙari ya canza jinsi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Webster |first=Laura |date=2021-10-15 |title=Man admits raping and murdering Scots pensioner Esther Brown |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/19651090.man-admits-raping-murdering-pensioner-glasgow-pensioner-esther-brown/ |access-date=2021-10-15 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref> == Kisan kai da shari'a == Graham ya kori Brown, ya buge shi kuma ya buga shi a ranar 28 ga Mayu 2021. An bayar da rahoton cewa ta ɓace a wannan rana <ref>{{Cite web |last=Webster |first=Laura |date=2021-10-15 |title=Man admits raping and murdering Scots pensioner Esther Brown |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/19651090.man-admits-raping-murdering-pensioner-glasgow-pensioner-esther-brown/ |access-date=2021-10-15 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref> kuma an same ta mutu a ranar 1 ga Yuni a gidanta a cikin Woodlands na Glasgow a kan titin West Princes . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jason Graham: Man jailed for life after raping and murdering pensioner Esther Brown in her own home |url=https://news.sky.com/story/jason-graham-man-jailed-for-life-after-raping-and-murdering-pensioner-esther-brown-in-her-own-home-12470979 |access-date=2022-02-08 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga watan Yuni an kama Graham, [1] an tuhume shi da kashe tsohuwar mace a gidanta. [2] Bayan ya kashe ta, an yi zargin ya yi amfani da katin banki na Brown don sayen sigari.[3] A ranar 15 ga Oktoba 2021, Jason Graham ya yi ikirarin aikata kisan kai a Ginin Shari'a a Glasgow <ref>{{Cite web |last=Webster |first=Laura |date=2021-10-15 |title=Man admits raping and murdering Scots pensioner Esther Brown |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/19651090.man-admits-raping-murdering-pensioner-glasgow-pensioner-esther-brown/ |access-date=2021-10-15 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, an same shi da laifin kisan kai kuma an yanke masa hukuncin shekaru 19. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jason Graham: Man jailed for life after raping and murdering pensioner Esther Brown in her own home |url=https://news.sky.com/story/jason-graham-man-jailed-for-life-after-raping-and-murdering-pensioner-esther-brown-in-her-own-home-12470979 |access-date=2022-02-08 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref> == Sakamakon haka == An shirya bikin tunawa da Brown a shekarar 2022, don nuna godiya ga gwagwarmayarta ta al'umma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Webster |first=Laura |date=2021-10-15 |title=Man admits raping and murdering Scots pensioner Esther Brown |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/19651090.man-admits-raping-murdering-pensioner-glasgow-pensioner-esther-brown/ |access-date=2021-10-15 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jason Graham: Man jailed for life after raping and murdering pensioner Esther Brown in her own home |url=https://news.sky.com/story/jason-graham-man-jailed-for-life-after-raping-and-murdering-pensioner-esther-brown-in-her-own-home-12470979 |access-date=2022-02-08 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-11-17 |title=Esther Brown: Man jailed for 19 years for rape and murder of pensioner |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-59318586 |access-date=2025-11-12 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2022, MSP Pauline McNeill ya yi kira ga canje-canje ga Dokar Clare don lissafin masu aikata laifuka waɗanda suka canza sunayensu, musamman suna ambaton ayyukan Graham kafin kisan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Learmonth |first=Andrew |date=23 March 2022 |title=Police should directly inform women if partner has history of abuse, says MSP |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/politics/20012540.labour-msp-calls-reform-clares-law/ |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=The Herald Scotland |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLearmonth2022">Learmonth, Andrew (23 March 2022). [https://www.heraldscotland.com/politics/20012540.labour-msp-calls-reform-clares-law/ "Police should directly inform women if partner has history of abuse, says MSP"]. ''The Herald Scotland''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na Scotland sun yi kira ga karin gaskiya game da yanke shawara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Webster |first=Laura |date=2021-10-15 |title=Man admits raping and murdering Scots pensioner Esther Brown |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/19651090.man-admits-raping-murdering-pensioner-glasgow-pensioner-esther-brown/ |access-date=2021-10-15 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref> Wani bincike game da fyade da kisan gillar Brown ya bincika yanayin da ya haifar da taron, gami da sakin mai aikata laifin daga kurkuku a shekarar 2018. Binciken ya bayyana harin Brown da kisan kai a matsayin wani abu mai ban mamaki da kuma damar da ba za a iya hana shi ba. == Dubi kuma == * Jerin shari'o'in mutanen da suka ɓace: 2020s == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Kashe-kashe]] 9resyye3ya4lp643jn962yipzyy5yc0 820814 820813 2026-04-13T14:39:56Z BnHamid 12586 820814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A ranar 28 ga Mayu 2021, an yi wa '''Esther Brown''' fyade kuma an kashe ta a gidanta a Woodlands, Glasgow, [[Scotland]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Webster |first=Laura |date=2021-10-15 |title=Man admits raping and murdering Scots pensioner Esther Brown |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/19651090.man-admits-raping-murdering-pensioner-glasgow-pensioner-esther-brown/ |access-date=2021-10-15 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jason Graham: Man jailed for life after raping and murdering pensioner Esther Brown in her own home |url=https://news.sky.com/story/jason-graham-man-jailed-for-life-after-raping-and-murdering-pensioner-esther-brown-in-her-own-home-12470979 |access-date=2022-02-08 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref> Jason Graham (wanda aka fi sani da Jason Evans ), mai aikata laifukan jima'i, wanda ba a san shi ba, an same shi da laifin fyade da kisan kai a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 2021, kuma an yanke masa hukuncin aƙalla shekaru 19 a kurkuku. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Learmonth |first=Andrew |date=23 March 2022 |title=Police should directly inform women if partner has history of abuse, says MSP |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/politics/20012540.labour-msp-calls-reform-clares-law/ |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=The Herald Scotland |language=en}}</ref> == Mai aikata laifin == Jason Graham bai san Brown ba, kuma ya kasance mai aikata laifukan jima'i. Yana da shekaru 30 a lokacin da ya yi wa Brown fyade kuma ya kashe shi.<ref name=":0" /> Graham ya canza sunansa zuwa Jason Evans jim kadan kafin harin.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Learmonth |first=Andrew |date=23 March 2022 |title=Police should directly inform women if partner has history of abuse, says MSP |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/politics/20012540.labour-msp-calls-reform-clares-law/ |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=The Herald Scotland |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLearmonth2022">Learmonth, Andrew (23 March 2022). [https://www.heraldscotland.com/politics/20012540.labour-msp-calls-reform-clares-law/ "Police should directly inform women if partner has history of abuse, says MSP"]. ''The Herald Scotland''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> An ruwaito cewa yayin da yake kurkuku, Jason Graham ya yi ƙoƙari ya canza jinsi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Webster |first=Laura |date=2021-10-15 |title=Man admits raping and murdering Scots pensioner Esther Brown |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/19651090.man-admits-raping-murdering-pensioner-glasgow-pensioner-esther-brown/ |access-date=2021-10-15 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref> == Kisan kai da shari'a == Graham ya kori Brown, ya buge shi kuma ya buga shi a ranar 28 ga Mayu 2021. An bayar da rahoton cewa ta ɓace a wannan rana <ref>{{Cite web |last=Webster |first=Laura |date=2021-10-15 |title=Man admits raping and murdering Scots pensioner Esther Brown |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/19651090.man-admits-raping-murdering-pensioner-glasgow-pensioner-esther-brown/ |access-date=2021-10-15 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref> kuma an same ta mutu a ranar 1 ga Yuni a gidanta a cikin Woodlands na Glasgow a kan titin West Princes . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jason Graham: Man jailed for life after raping and murdering pensioner Esther Brown in her own home |url=https://news.sky.com/story/jason-graham-man-jailed-for-life-after-raping-and-murdering-pensioner-esther-brown-in-her-own-home-12470979 |access-date=2022-02-08 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga watan Yuni an kama Graham, [1] an tuhume shi da kashe tsohuwar mace a gidanta. [2] Bayan ya kashe ta, an yi zargin ya yi amfani da katin banki na Brown don sayen sigari.[3] A ranar 15 ga Oktoba 2021, Jason Graham ya yi ikirarin aikata kisan kai a Ginin Shari'a a Glasgow <ref>{{Cite web |last=Webster |first=Laura |date=2021-10-15 |title=Man admits raping and murdering Scots pensioner Esther Brown |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/19651090.man-admits-raping-murdering-pensioner-glasgow-pensioner-esther-brown/ |access-date=2021-10-15 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, an same shi da laifin kisan kai kuma an yanke masa hukuncin shekaru 19. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jason Graham: Man jailed for life after raping and murdering pensioner Esther Brown in her own home |url=https://news.sky.com/story/jason-graham-man-jailed-for-life-after-raping-and-murdering-pensioner-esther-brown-in-her-own-home-12470979 |access-date=2022-02-08 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref> == Sakamakon haka == An shirya bikin tunawa da Brown a shekarar 2022, don nuna godiya ga gwagwarmayarta ta al'umma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Webster |first=Laura |date=2021-10-15 |title=Man admits raping and murdering Scots pensioner Esther Brown |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/19651090.man-admits-raping-murdering-pensioner-glasgow-pensioner-esther-brown/ |access-date=2021-10-15 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jason Graham: Man jailed for life after raping and murdering pensioner Esther Brown in her own home |url=https://news.sky.com/story/jason-graham-man-jailed-for-life-after-raping-and-murdering-pensioner-esther-brown-in-her-own-home-12470979 |access-date=2022-02-08 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-11-17 |title=Esther Brown: Man jailed for 19 years for rape and murder of pensioner |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-59318586 |access-date=2025-11-12 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2022, MSP Pauline McNeill ya yi kira ga canje-canje ga Dokar Clare don lissafin masu aikata laifuka waɗanda suka canza sunayensu, musamman suna ambaton ayyukan Graham kafin kisan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Learmonth |first=Andrew |date=23 March 2022 |title=Police should directly inform women if partner has history of abuse, says MSP |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/politics/20012540.labour-msp-calls-reform-clares-law/ |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=The Herald Scotland |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLearmonth2022">Learmonth, Andrew (23 March 2022). [https://www.heraldscotland.com/politics/20012540.labour-msp-calls-reform-clares-law/ "Police should directly inform women if partner has history of abuse, says MSP"]. ''The Herald Scotland''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na Scotland sun yi kira ga karin gaskiya game da yanke shawara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Webster |first=Laura |date=2021-10-15 |title=Man admits raping and murdering Scots pensioner Esther Brown |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/19651090.man-admits-raping-murdering-pensioner-glasgow-pensioner-esther-brown/ |access-date=2021-10-15 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref> Wani bincike game da fyade da kisan gillar Brown ya bincika yanayin da ya haifar da taron, gami da sakin mai aikata laifin daga kurkuku a shekarar 2018. Binciken ya bayyana harin Brown da kisan kai a matsayin wani abu mai ban mamaki da kuma damar da ba za a iya hana shi ba. == Dubi kuma == * Jerin shari'o'in mutanen da suka ɓace: 2020s == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Kashe-kashe]] hv0f6m1qs9uf86ex86ccvbetdmo2h5l 0 123798 820783 749557 2026-04-13T14:21:36Z BnHamid 12586 820783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gilbert Kennedy na Bargany da Ardstinchar''' (c. 1577 - 1601) ya kasance mai mallakar ƙasa na Scotland kuma wanda aka kashe. Kennedy ya gaji rikici na dindindin na iyali tare da John Kennedy, 5th Earl of Cassillis, a kan mutuwar mahaifinsa, Thomas Kennedy na Bargany . A ranar 11 ga watan Disamba 1601 ya sadu da Earl da mabiyansa a Pennyglen kusa da Maybole kuma an kashe shi da mashi a bayansa. == Tarihin rayuwa == Gilbert Kennedy shi ne ɗan na uku na Thomas Kennedy na Bargany da Agnes Montgomerie 'yar Hugh Montgomeria, 2nd Earl na Eglinton . Bargany Castle, wanda aka rushe a karni na 17, yana gefen kudu na kogin Girvan a Ikklisiyar Dailly a Ayrshire. A cikin bazara na shekara ta 1597 Kennedy ya auri Jean Stewart 'yar Andrew, Master of Ochiltree da Margaret Stewart, Mistress of Ochil Tree. Jean budurwa ce a cikin gidan Anne ta Denmark kuma mahaifiyarta babbar mace ce mai jira. Suna da ɗa Thomas da 'ya'ya mata biyu waɗanda suka mutu da ƙuruciya. Tarihi guda biyu, watakila daga wannan marubucin, sun bayyana cewa James VI na Scotland ya shirya aurensa ga amarya ba tare da sadaki ba don azabtar da iyalin saboda Thomas Kennedy laird na Bargany ya shiga cikin tashin hankali a Edinburgh a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1596. Laird ya bayyana tare da wasu a cikin Tolbooth na Edinburgh kuma ya yi zanga-zangar addini. An dauki lamarin a matsayin rikici tsakanin mutanen gidan sarki da aka sani da "cubiculars" da jami'an kudi da ake kira "Octavians". Kamar yadda tarihin ya ambata, bayan wannan rikici Ubangiji Lindsay na dukiyar Byres ya ɓace, kuma an hukunta Bargany da aure wanda ya kasance ga "rugujewar gidansa". Koyaya, abin da aka sani game da yarjejeniyar aure da sulhu ya sabawa labarin da aka samu a cikin tarihin. James VI ya sayi tufafin amarya kuma ya biya abinci da mawaƙa a bikin aure a Edinburgh. Anne ta Denmark ta fara ƙoƙarin samun asarar Ubangiji Lindsay a matsayin sadaki ga Jean Stewart. Sa'an nan kuma ta shirya rance don sadaki, ta nemi Sir William Stewart na Traquair, surukin Jean Stewart wanda ya kare sarki a ranar tashin hankali, ya zama mai faɗakarwa ga kuɗin. A shekara ta 1615 har yanzu ba a biya kuɗin ba ko "tochter", kuma ɗansu ya yi ikirarin adadin daga Sir John Stewart na Traquair da mai koyar da shi Robert Stuart. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1615 Majalisar Privy ta Scotland ta rubuta wa Sarki James cewa Traquair bai kamata ya zama mai alhakin ba saboda Sir William ya bi jagorancin sarauniya "wanda umarninsa ya kasance doka a gare shi". Majalisar Privy ta lura cewa sarki da sarauniya sun kasance masu faɗakarwa da kuma "gaskiya ta mutum da aka ɗaure a cikin kwangilar". A watan Mayu, Anne ta Denmark ta nemi uwargidanta Jean Ker, Countess na Roxburghe ta rubuta wa mijinta don yin roƙo tare da James don haka, don biyan abin da Traquair ya ci bashin sadaki. Thomas Kennedy na Bargany ya mutu a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 1597 kuma Gilbert Kennedy ya zama laird na Bargony da Ardstinchar . Kennedy ya shiga cikin rikici na dindindin na iyali tare da John Kennedy, 5th Earl of Cassillis . A ranar 3 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1598 [[Culzean Castle|Culzean]]" id="mwRg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Thomas Kennedy of Culzean">Thomas Kennedy na Culzean, wanda ake kira Tutor na Cassillis, ya harbe bindigogi a ma'aikatan Bargany Alexander Kennedy da David Mure da sauransu a Maybole kuma ya bi su washegari a Place of Auchendrane. Mai koyarwa ya yi iƙirarin cewa an shigar da Alexander Kennedy cikin gidansa, kuma an yi masa kwanton bauna a Maybole. Kodayake Bargany ya taimaka wa jarumin a Inch Castle, a ranar 11 ga Disamba 1601 ya sadu da jarumin da mabiyansa a Pennyglen kusa da Maybole kuma an kashe shi da mashi a bayansa. Earl ya yi iƙirarin a cikin kare shi ga Majalisar Privy cewa jam'iyyar Bargany a wannan rana ta haɗa da mutanen da sarki ya zarge su da 'yan tawaye cewa yana da kwamiti don bin wuta da takobi. Lauyan Thomas Hamilton ya kalubalanci wannan kare, amma Cassillis da mabiyan (duk sunaye) ba su da laifi. An buƙaci Jean Stewart Lady Bargany ta isar da gidajensu na Ardstinchar, Bargany, [[Newark Castle, South Ayrshire|Newark]], da gidanta a Ayr ga mai sanar da sarki a cikin 1603. Ta ci gaba da rikici ta hanyar shari'a, amma kuma ta sami kyaututtuka da yawa na sarauta ta hanyar wasika. Ta mutu a Edinburgh a watan Satumba na shekara ta 1605 kuma ta bar wasiyya tare da kayan kayanta ciki har da tufafinta, kayan ado, gadaje, da "matsayi" shida ko saiti na labule na tartan. Akwai "hagbuts" biyu ko muskets da kananan "karfe" shida ko bindigogi. An binne Jean Stewart tare da mijinta a cikin sabon wurin binnewa da suka gina a Ballantrae kusa da Ardstinchar Castle . <ref>Keith Brown, 'A House Divided: Family and Feud in Carrick', ''The Scottish Historical Review'', vol. 75, no. 200, Part 2 (October 1996), pp. 168-196 at p. 169 fn. 6.</ref> An tattauna abin tunawa dangane da gine-ginen Anna na Denmark da David Cunningham na Robertland. == Thomas Kennedy na Bargany da Margaret Stewart == Ɗansu, Thomas Kennedy na Bargany ya auri dan uwansa Margaret Stewart, 'yar Josias Stewart na Bonytoun wanda ya kasance mai aiwatar da nufin Jean da kuma mai koyar da shi. Ta bar shi a shekara ta 1619, tana gunaguni game da rashin girmamawa ga ita da mahaifinta. A ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1619 bayan addu'o'inta na yau da kullun a Bargany Castle, tana tafiya a cikin lambun tare da littafin zabura a hannunta, kuma bawan mijinta Patrick Kennedy ya yi mamakin, wanda ya tambayi inda ta kasance. Patrick ya koka wa Thomas game da amsar ta kuma ta ce ta kira shi "malamin sa". Wannan ya fusata Thomas wanda ya same ta a gidan mai lambu kuma ya buge ta kuma ya kori ta. Kodayake mai kula da lambu Thomas Todie ya shiga tsakani yayin da ta yi ƙoƙarin tserewa Thomas ya sake kama ta kuma ya ja ta da gashi zuwa gidan Bargany (nisan buts uku na harbi), kuma ya hau wani kunkuntar matakala zuwa gallery, yana buga kansa a bangarorin. Thomas ya bar ta ba tare da sanin komai ba a kan bene kuma ya kulle ta kadai a cikin gidan sarauta. Margaret ta sami hanyar fita daga ƙofar baya kuma ta tsere ta hanyar shinge kuma ta shiga cikin ruwa mai zurfi na Girvan, ta ɓoye a cikin dazuzzuka kuma ta kai ga lafiyar gidan kawunta a Dailly washegari. Daga nan sai ta hau zuwa Ardstinchar Castle tana fatan samun mahaifinta amma dole ne ta zauna a cikin shago har sai Ubangiji Ochiltree ya zo. Ta zo Edinburgh inda mahaifinta da John Jolie, likitan kimiyyar lissafi suka kula da ita. A halin yanzu, a watan Nuwamba Thomas ya kasance a Ballintrae kuma ya buga golf a kan hanyoyin da ake kira Green of Ardstinchar tare da abokansa. Majalisar Privy ta Scotland ta amince da korafinta.[1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hcjihumpnkuawem7gwmafq5a05xsuoq 0 123806 820810 749578 2026-04-13T14:38:30Z BnHamid 12586 820810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Gyara mukala}} '''Taimako na Mata na Welsh''' shine sadaka na kasa a [[Wales]] a fannin tashin hankali na gida da sauran nau'ikan tashin hankali ga mata. An kafa kungiyar agaji a shekara ta 1978 a matsayin reshe na asalin kungiyar taimakon mata ta [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]], a matsayin wata kungiya da ta dace da Tarayyar Taimako ta Mata ta [[Ingila]] (wanda aka ci gaba da sani da Taimako na Mata), Taimako na Mata na [[Scotland]] a Scotland da Taraywar Taimako ta mata ta [[Ireland ta Arewa|Arewacin Ireland]].[of] Yana daidaitawa, tasiri da kamfen don amsawa mai tasiri kuma yana tallafawa cibiyar sadarwa ta ayyukan Taimako na Mata a duk faɗin Wales, yana ba da tallafi ciki har da mafaka, ba da shawara da kuma fadadawa a matakin gida.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2023}} == Tarihi == An kafa Women's Aid Wales a cikin 1978, bayan kungiyoyin Taimako na Mata da yawa a duk faɗin Wales sun haɗu don ƙirƙirar sabis na laima na ƙasa. An yi wannan ne don taimakawa wajen daidaita aiki da kamfen a duk faɗin Wales.[1] An buɗe mafakar mata ta farko a Wales a Cardiff a shekara ta 1974, tana ba da sarari ga mata da ke tserewa daga cin zarafin gida. Gidan mafaka na Cardiff ya shiga kungiyar taimakon mata ta Welsh a lokacin da aka kafa shi, inda ya kawo mafakar mata ta farko a karkashin laima ta taimakon mata ta Wales.[2] == Bincike == Welsh Women's Aid a kai a kai yana ba da gudummawa ga rahotanni na Gwamnatin Welsh tare da sakin wallafe-wallafe da yawa a cikin shekara.[1] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} nmxvbj7lrc8t5nzdw2ga9loq6kk312u 0 124695 821043 752172 2026-04-14T06:07:10Z BnHamid 12586 821043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Children & Families of [[Iowa]] kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke ba da gudummawa ga yara da iyalai masu haɗari a Iowa. An fara kungiyar ne a shekara ta 1888. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Touching Lives Across Iowa Since 1888 |url=https://cfiowa.org/history/ |publisher=Children & Families of Iowa}}</ref> An fara shirin kula da matasa na Elevate a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2005 a Des Moines, Iowa a matsayin ƙungiyar tallafi ga matasa masu tasowa da karɓa.[1] Ayyukan Elevate sun haɗa da horarwa da karfafa matasa don yin kira ga kansu da sauransu, ilimantar da 'yan majalisa da sauran masu yanke shawara, haɓaka haɗin gwiwa don taimakawa matasa su tsufa cikin nasara daga kulawa da ƙarfafa wasu su buɗe gidajensu don haɓaka matasa. Kasancewa memba sun haɗa da matasa masu kula da yanzu da na baya, waɗanda aka karɓa daga tsarin kula da kulawa da kuma 'ya'yan halitta na iyaye masu kula da su. Tsoffin tsofaffin masu kula da kulawa, ma'aikatan zamantakewa, iyaye masu kula da yara da lauyoyi masu yara suna aiki a matsayin tallafi ga kungiyar. == Dubi kuma == * Tsufa == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyi ]] fe1a9hyzsshnjlqhk20vni0fxb4a1vh 0 125030 821025 753163 2026-04-14T06:00:51Z BnHamid 12586 821025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Bastard Out of Carolina wani littafi ne na 1992 na [[Dorothy Allison]] . Semi-autobiographical a yanayi, littafin an saita shi a garin Allison na Greenville, South Carolina a cikin 1950s. Ruth Anne "Bone" Boatwright ce ta ba da labarin, rikici na farko ya faru tsakanin Bone da mijin mahaifiyarta, Glen Waddell . Littafin ya bincika rikitarwa na dangantakar uwa da yaro, da kuma yanayin aji, kabilanci, da jima'i a Kudancin Amurka, dukansu suna taka rawa a rayuwar Bone da alakarta da wasu. An fassara littafin cikin harsuna sama da goma sha biyu, kuma an daidaita shi cikin fim a cikin 1996. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |date=1996-05-17 |title=Bastard Out of Carolina |url=https://variety.com/1996/film/reviews/bastard-out-of-carolina-1200445804/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Variety}}</ref> An kira shi a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan litattafan Amurka 136 ta The Atlantic a watan Maris na shekara ta 2024. == Makirci == Littafin ya buɗe tare da Bone yana ba da cikakkun bayanai game da haihuwarta. Mahaifiyar Bone mai shekaru 15, Anney, ta haihu bayan ta ji rauni sosai a hatsarin mota. Anney ba ta da aure, kuma ba ta da hankali yayin haihuwa. 'Yar'uwar Anney, Ruth, da mahaifiyarsu suna ƙoƙari su ba da sunan ƙarya ga mahaifin Bone, kuma an kama su cikin yaudararsu. An ayyana Bone a matsayin ɗan banza, yaro da aka haifa ba tare da aure ba, kuma "marasa izini" an buga shi da manyan jan haruffa a takardar shaidar haihuwarta. Anney, wanda "ya ƙi a kira shi sharar gida", ya shafe shekaru biyu masu zuwa ba tare da nasara ba don samun sabon takardar shaidar haihuwa da aka bayar. Wannan ya buɗe ta ga ba'a ga kwastomomi a wurin cin abinci inda take aiki.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=March 30, 1992 |title=Bastard Out of Carolina by Dorothy Allison |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780525934257 |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Publishers Weekly}}</ref> A shekara ta 17, Anney ta auri Lyle Parsons kuma ta haifi wata 'yar, Reese, ba da daɗewa ba. Lyle ya mutu a hatsarin mota, ya bar Anney "duk baƙin ciki da yunwa". Bayan ta kasance ba tare da aure ba na 'yan shekaru, sai ta yi jima'i da Glen Waddell, ɗan wani shahararren mai mallakar madara. Sun yi aure bayan shekaru biyu, lokacin da Anney ta sake yin ciki.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Bastard Out of Carolina Summary - eNotes.com |url=https://www.enotes.com/topics/bastard-out-carolina |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=eNotes}}</ref> Anney ta haifi jariri mai mutuwa, kuma ba ta iya samun karin yara ba. Yayinda Anney ke cikin haihuwa, Glen ya lalata Bone a cikin mota. Adadin iyalin ya ragu, tare da Glen ya rasa aiki bayan aiki saboda rashin iya sarrafa fushinsa. Ya fara cin zarafin Bone a zahiri; duka da bulala sun bar ta da rauni.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=March 30, 1992 |title=Bastard Out of Carolina by Dorothy Allison |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780525934257 |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Publishers Weekly}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780525934257 "Bastard Out of Carolina by Dorothy Allison"]. ''Publishers Weekly''. March 30, 1992<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Bastard Out of Carolina Summary - eNotes.com |url=https://www.enotes.com/topics/bastard-out-carolina |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=eNotes}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.enotes.com/topics/bastard-out-carolina "Bastard Out of Carolina Summary - eNotes.com"]. ''eNotes''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Lokacin da Anney ta gano cin zarafin, sai ta bar Glen, wanda ya yi alkawarin ba zai sake yin hakan ba. Anney ya dawo da shi, kuma cin zarafin ya ci gaba. Anney ta sake barin Glen bayan 'yan uwanta masu wahala, masu shan giya sun doke Glen zuwa zubar da jini lokacin da suka gano cin zarafin. Bone sai ta gaya wa Anney cewa ba za ta sake zama a cikin gidan daya da Glen ba. Bone ta ce tana son Anney kuma za ta gafarta mata idan ta yanke shawarar komawa Glen, amma ta kasance mai ƙarfi cewa ba za ta sake zama tare da shi ba. Anney ta yi alkawarin ba za ta koma Glen ba sai dai idan Bone ya zo tare da ita.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Bastard Out of Carolina Summary - eNotes.com |url=https://www.enotes.com/topics/bastard-out-carolina |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=eNotes}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.enotes.com/topics/bastard-out-carolina "Bastard Out of Carolina Summary - eNotes.com"]. ''eNotes''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Lokacin da Glen ya gano wannan, sai ya kai hari kan Bone a gidan kawunta Alma, ya karya hannunta kuma ya yi mata [[fyade]] a bene na kicin. Anney ya shiga cikin harin kuma ya yi yaƙi da shi. Glen ya bi su biyu zuwa motar, tare da wando a kan gwiwoyinsa, yana rokon Anney ya kashe shi maimakon ya bar shi. Ga ƙyamar Bone da mamaki, Anney ta ƙare tana kuka kuma tana jefa hannayenta a kusa da Glen. Anney sai ya tafi tare da Glen.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Bastard Out of Carolina Summary - eNotes.com |url=https://www.enotes.com/topics/bastard-out-carolina |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=eNotes}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.enotes.com/topics/bastard-out-carolina "Bastard Out of Carolina Summary - eNotes.com"]. ''eNotes''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=March 30, 1992 |title=Bastard Out of Carolina by Dorothy Allison |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780525934257 |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Publishers Weekly}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780525934257 "Bastard Out of Carolina by Dorothy Allison"]. ''Publishers Weekly''. March 30, 1992<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Aunty Raylene ta Bone ta kai ta asibiti kuma ta kula da ita. Yayinda Bone ke murmurewa a gidan Raylene, Anney ya bayyana tare da sabon takardar shaidar haihuwa don Bone, wanda ba tare da "ba bisa ka'ida ba" da aka buga a kasa. Ta roƙi Bone gafartawa, kuma ta tafi ba tare da ta ce inda take zuwa ba.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Bastard Out of Carolina Summary - eNotes.com |url=https://www.enotes.com/topics/bastard-out-carolina |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=eNotes}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.enotes.com/topics/bastard-out-carolina "Bastard Out of Carolina Summary - eNotes.com"]. ''eNotes''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> == Tarihi == Bastard Out of Carolina yana da tarihin kansa, yana nuna manyan sassan yarinta, gami da haihuwar mahaifiyar matashiya, wanda aka yi alama a lokacin haihuwa a matsayin ba bisa ka'ida ba, kuma yana shan wahala a jiki da jima'i a hannun mahaifinta a duk lokacin yarinta. Yanayin iri ɗaya ne: Wata iyali mai talauci a cikin shekarun 1950 mai zurfi a Kudu. Koyaya, a cikin littafinta na 1995 Two or Three Things I Know for Sure, ta ba da cikakken bayani game da waɗanne ɓangarorin labarin Bone sun yi kama da nata, kuma waɗanda suka bambanta. Allison ta kira babban hali Bone bayan waka da ta rubuta game da cin zarafin kanta, "To the Bone", wanda aka haɗa shi a cikin littafin waƙoƙinta The Women Who Hate Me, wanda aka buga a 1991, shekara guda kafin Bastard ya fito. == Bincike == Bayan bugawa, Bastard Out of Carolina ya sami nasara nan take, tare da sake dubawa daga Village Voice, San Francisco Chronicle, da The New York Times Book Review . <ref>Voices of Feminism Oral History Project, Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College. [https://compass.fivecolleges.edu/islandora/object/smith:1342618 Dorothy Allison, Interviewed by Kelly Anderson] November 18 and 19, 2007 Guerneville, CA</ref> A cikin bita na ''NYTBR'', George Garrett ya lura cewa kodayake wasu batutuwa sun kasance daidai da tarin gajerun labaru na baya, littafin "ba ta wata hanya da alama ba ne na gajerun labarai da aka haɗa tare. Duk abin da, kowane bangare, na littafin ne kawai" kuma "kusa da rashin lahani kamar yadda kowane mai karatu zai iya fata". Ya kwatanta shi da littafin J.D. Salinger mai suna Catcher in the Rye da [[Harfer lee|Harper Lee]]'s novel To Kill a Mockingbird, yana rubutu, "Halin ta na musamman sun haɗa da cikakkiyar kunne don magana da sautin halitta; wani mummunan, tarin lyricism; duniya mai zurfi da aka tsara, tare da dukkan jiye-jiye guda biyar suna aiki tare; kuma, sama da duka, sakewa harshe don fassarar kai tsaye na jiye-ji masu zurfi da rikitarwa. " K. K. Roeder a cikin San Francisco Review of Books ya bayyana cewa Allison "ya ba da labarin wahalar gwagwarmayar Bone tare da tsananin ƙarfi, ban dariya, da ƙin yarda da jin tausayi, yana mai da Bastard wani abu mai ban sha'awa tsakanin ayyukan almara da ke hulɗa da yara da aka zalunta. " [1] Bastard Out of Carolina hoto mai zurfi na yanayin iyali a cikin yankunan karkara na Kudu da "wani muhimmin labari". Ya tabbatar da cewa "ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin karanta littafin Allison shine a matsayin labarin game da ikon irin waɗannan labarun" - game da wanda ya ƙidaya kuma wanda ba ya ƙidayar - "waɗanda aka gaya mana game da mu, waɗanda muka koyi gaya mana game na kanmu - da kuma hanyar da za su iya fadada damarmu, ko kuma su juya su".[2] Publishers Weekly ta ce game da littafin cewa "Allison ta ba da labari na farko da aka yaba da ita, wanda aka zaba a lambar yabo ta kasa, tare da haruffa masu ban sha'awa, kuma ta cika shi da ma'anar saitin sa - Greenville, S.C. <ref>Voices of Feminism Oral History Project, Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College. [https://compass.fivecolleges.edu/islandora/object/smith:1342618 Dorothy Allison, Interviewed by Kelly Anderson] November 18 and 19, 2007 Guerneville, CA</ref> Kirkus Reviews ya ba da bita mai rikitarwa, yana yaba da yadda Allison ke kula da batutuwa masu mahimmanci amma sun fi dacewa, kamar cin zarafin yara da jima'i, amma ya kammala cewa sabanin cewa kamar yadda ya saba da gajerun ayyukan Allison, Bastard Out of Carolina ya ƙare "yanawa da yawa ba ta da'a da'azin ta da yawa ba za ta da'awar cewa ba ta da yawa" sau da yawa ba "mai tausayi ba ta da iko da yawa ba, sau da yawa" Allison ba ta da 'yanci ba ta da hankali ga'a'a da yawa ba".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |date=1996-05-17 |title=Bastard Out of Carolina |url=https://variety.com/1996/film/reviews/bastard-out-of-carolina-1200445804/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Variety}}</ref> An kira Bastard Out of Carolina daya daga cikin manyan litattafan Amurka na Atlantic na Shekaru 100 da suka gabata.<ref>Voices of Feminism Oral History Project, Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College. [https://compass.fivecolleges.edu/islandora/object/smith:1342618 Dorothy Allison, Interviewed by Kelly Anderson] November 18 and 19, 2007 Guerneville, CA</ref> == Kyaututtuka == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Kyaututtuka ga ''Bastard daga Carolina'' !Shekara !Kyautar !Sakamakon !Tabbacin. |- !1992 |ALA Littattafai Masu Kyau don Kwalejin Ƙayyadaddun da Masu Koyarwa na Rayuwa |Zaɓin |<ref>Voices of Feminism Oral History Project, Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College. [https://compass.fivecolleges.edu/islandora/object/smith:1342618 Dorothy Allison, Interviewed by Kelly Anderson] November 18 and 19, 2007 Guerneville, CA</ref> |- !1992 |Kyautar Littafin Kasa don Fiction |Wanda ya kammala |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |date=1996-05-17 |title=Bastard Out of Carolina |url=https://variety.com/1996/film/reviews/bastard-out-of-carolina-1200445804/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Variety}}</ref> |- !1993 |Kyautar Ferro Grumley don Labaran Lesbian |'''Wanda ya ci nasara''' |<ref>Voices of Feminism Oral History Project, Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College. [https://compass.fivecolleges.edu/islandora/object/smith:1342618 Dorothy Allison, Interviewed by Kelly Anderson] November 18 and 19, 2007 Guerneville, CA</ref> |} == Dubi kuma == * URashin izini a cikin almara == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] h9xtkpppziois1bpl6eryfmwbku6p1i 0 125349 821047 754166 2026-04-14T06:08:52Z BnHamid 12586 821047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Firecracker fim ne mai ban tsoro na 2005 wanda Steve Balderson ya jagoranta, tare da Karen Black da Mike Patton, kowannensu yana taka muhimmiyar rawa biyu. Patton da [[Jak Kendall]] suna wasa da 'yan'uwa David da Jimmy, waɗanda ke zaune a wani karamin garin Kansas a cikin shekarun 1950 kuma suna da dangantaka mai banƙyama. Dukkanin 'yan uwan sun shiga cikin Sandra (Black), mawaƙa tare da bikin tafiya wanda ke ziyartar garin a kowane bazara. Sandra kuma tana cikin mummunar dangantaka da mai mallakar carnival Frank (wanda Patton ya buga). Lokacin da bikin ya bar garin, David ma ya ɓace, wanda ya haifar da bincike game da kisan da ya yi. == Makirci == Ana fitar da gawar wanda aka kashe a ƙarƙashin ajiya a cikin ƙaramin garin Wamego, Kansas. An ba da labarin da ya kai ga kisan. Kyakkyawan, mai son zamantakewa, David, mai mallakar garage na gida, yana zaluntar ɗan'uwansa mai tawali'u, mai saurin wasa da piano, matashi Jimmy. Mahaifiyarsu ta addini, mai hankali, Eleanor, tana ƙoƙari ta yi watsi da halin David; mahaifinsu mai janyewa kuma mara lafiya yana gab da sanya shi a gidan tsofaffi. Lokacin da Jimmy ya sanar da shi a teburin abincin dare na iyali cewa malaminsa na piano yana shirin hada shi a cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo mai zuwa, David ya raina shi kuma ya doke shi, ya umarce shi da ya bar piano "sissy" kuma ya yi aiki a garage, ya sami kuɗi kuma ya zama mutum na ainihi. Jimmy ya sami tserewa na wucin gadi daga matsalar iyalinsa ta hanyar ziyartar wani biki mai tafiya wanda ke tsayawa a Wamego a kowane bazara. Ya kafa abota ta platonic tare da jan hankali na farko, Sandra, tsohuwar amma har yanzu mai raira waƙa. Sandra kusan fursuna ce ga mai mallakar carnival, Frank, wanda ke cin zarafin ta a motsin rai da jiki. Yayinda Jimmy ke mafarkin gudu don yin piano don bikin, Sandra tana da akasin haka - don tserewa daga bikin kuma ta rayu rayuwa ta yau da kullun. Sandra tana da dangantaka ta baya da David, amma lokacin da ya sake kusantar ta, ta bayyana a fili cewa ba ta da sha'awarsa kuma ta gaya masa cewa ba za ta bari ya "yi wa ta rauni" kuma. David ya koma gida kuma ya fitar da takaici a kan Jimmy, a cikin wani yanayi inda ake nuna cin zarafin jima'i sosai amma ba a nuna shi ba. Daga baya an bayyana cewa David ya yi wa Sandra ciki a lokacin rani na baya, kuma lokacin da Frank mai kishi ya gano, ya dakatar da ciki kuma ya lalata jikinta don ya sa ta zama mara kyau ga wasu maza. Ba tare da son karɓar amsar a'a ba, David ya fuskanci Sandra a cikin motar ta, kuma ya gano Jimmy yana ɓoye a can. David ya tashi cikin fushi, ya yi wa Jimmy fyade a gaban Sandra, kuma ya fita. Sandra ta ta'azantar da Jimmy, wanda ya koma gida. Kashegari, bikin ya bar garin, tafiyarsa ta yi daidai da bacewar David, wanda shugaban 'yan sanda mata, Edith "Ed" Carlisle, ya fara bincike. Ya fara bayyana cewa kisan kai, mai yiwuwa na Dauda, ya faru a gidan iyalinsa. A halin yanzu, bikin yana rasa kudi kuma yadda Frank ke bi da Sandra ya kara muni, gami da aika da ƙungiyarsa ta masu zalunci don barazana ta jima'i. Ta yanke shawarar barin kuma sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo sun yi mata ban kwana. Jimmy ya zo yana shirin shiga cikin carnival, amma Sandra, da sanin cewa carnival ma yanayi ne mara kyau kuma ba tserewa ba wanda Jimmy yake mafarki, ya tura shi gida. Frank ya ki barin Sandra ta tafi kuma a maimakon haka ya ɗaure ta. Lokacin da Frank ya zo ya gan ta a cikin sarƙoƙi, sauran masu ban tsoro sun taimaka wa Sandra ta shawo kansa, kuma ta maƙure shi har ya mutu da sarƙoƙinta. 'Yan fashi sun ɓoye Sandra daga magoya bayan Frank kuma sun ba ta kuɗi da tikitin bas don taimaka mata ta tsere, amma magoya bayan sun kama ta a filin kuma sun kashe ta. Komawa a Wamego, flashbacks ya nuna yadda David ya dawo gida don samun Eleanor ta'azantar da Jimmy mai rauni a cikin ɗakin da aka kulle. David ya rushe kofar, ya ja Jimmy ƙasa kuma ya fara cin zarafinsa. Eleanor, tana addu'a, ta ɗauki takalma biyu daga cikin aljihu kuma ta soke Dauda har ta mutu. Jimmy da Eleanor sai suka binne gawar a ƙarƙashin zubar. Pearl, wata yarinya mai hankali ta yankin, ta fahimci wurin jikin Dauda kuma ta tono gawarsa, ta bayyana hannu ga Cif Ed. Eleanor, yanzu a bayyane yake rashin lafiya, masu kula da ita sun dauke ta zuwa asibitin mahaukaci, yayin da Jimmy ke kuka. A cikin ƙoƙari na ceton mahaifiyarsa, Jimmy da hawaye ya furta kisan David. An yanke wa Jimmy hukuncin rai da rai a kurkuku kuma daga baya aka sake shi a kan parole, a wannan lokacin Cif Ed, wanda ya zama alƙali na gundumar, ya rufe shari'ar don haka babu wani rikodin a yau. == Yan wasa == * Karen Black a matsayin Sandra / Eleanor * Mike Patton a matsayin Frank / David * Susan Traylor a matsayin Ed * Kathleen Wilhoite a matsayin Jessica * [[Jak Kendall]] a matsayin Jimmy * [[Brooke Balderson]] a matsayin Pearl * [[Paul Sizemore]] a matsayin Jami'in Harry * Jane Wiedlin a matsayin Ursula * [[George McArthur]] a matsayin Mutumin da ba shi da gemu * [[Cathy Berry]] a matsayin Maxine, The Lobster Girl * Mai daɗi Gehman a matsayin Estelle * Selene Luna a matsayin Harriet * [[Susie Legault]] a matsayin Buffalola * [[Jeff Montague]] a matsayin Mai ba da labari * [[Sean R. Shuford]] a matsayin Sauran Mutumin * Enigma kamar kansa * Katzen a matsayin kanta * [[Amy Kelly (actress)|Amy Kelly]] a matsayin Susie Jenkins * [[Dean Ackles]] a matsayin Clark * [[Richard Villar]] a matsayin Yahaya == Shiryawa == Marubuci, darektan kuma mai haɗin gwiwa Steve Balderson ya dogara da Firecracker a kan kisan kai na ainihi wanda ya faru a Wamego a cikin shekarun 1950, tubalan uku daga gidan da Balderson ta girma. A cewar Balderson, wani biki mai tafiya ya ziyarci garin a kowace shekara a ranar 4 ga Yuli. Wanda aka kashe ya ɓace a safiyar Yuli 5, yayin da bikin ke barin garin, kuma daga baya an gano cewa ɗan'uwansa ne ya kashe shi. Balderson ya canza sunayen da wasu bayanai game da labarin don fim dinsa.<ref name="canak">{{Cite web |last=Canak |first=Danny |date=April 2004 |title=Interview: Steve Balderson: Firecracker - Steve Balderson speaks about his upcoming film & the acting debut of Mike Patton (EBM / SynthPop) |url=http://www.inmusicwetrust.com/articles/65h10.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060308184726/http://www.inmusicwetrust.com/articles/65h10.html |archive-date=2006-03-08 |access-date=2016-04-06 |website=inmusicwetrust.com |publisher=In Music We Trust}}</ref><ref name="faithnomoreblog">{{Cite web |last=Grant |first=Jess |date=2013-04-19 |title=Steve Balderson Firecracker Q and A The Answers |url=http://www.faithnomoreblog.com/2013/04/steve-balderson-firecracker-q-and-the.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330143530/http://www.faithnomoreblog.com/2013/04/steve-balderson-firecracker-q-and-the.html |archive-date=2015-03-30 |access-date=2016-04-06 |website=faithnomoreblog.com |publisher=Faith No More Blog}}</ref> Ya kira fim din da aka gama "mafi fiction fiye da gaskiya" kuma ba wani tarihi ba. Dennis Hopper an fara jefa shi a matsayin Frank amma ya fita kafin a yi fim din. Balderson ya ce wannan saboda sa hannun Hopper a cikin fim din bai haifar da kudi ba, don haka ya koma ga " hangen nesa na asali" na samun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ɗaya ya buga sassan Frank da David, kuma Hopper ya kasance "shekaru arba'in da haihuwa" don ya buga David.<ref name="canak">{{Cite web |last=Canak |first=Danny |date=April 2004 |title=Interview: Steve Balderson: Firecracker - Steve Balderson speaks about his upcoming film & the acting debut of Mike Patton (EBM / SynthPop) |url=http://www.inmusicwetrust.com/articles/65h10.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060308184726/http://www.inmusicwetrust.com/articles/65h10.html |archive-date=2006-03-08 |access-date=2016-04-06 |website=inmusicwetrust.com |publisher=In Music We Trust}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCanak2004">Canak, Danny (April 2004). [http://www.inmusicwetrust.com/articles/65h10.html "Interview: Steve Balderson: Firecracker - Steve Balderson speaks about his upcoming film & the acting debut of Mike Patton (EBM / SynthPop)"]. ''inmusicwetrust.com''. In Music We Trust. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060308184726/http://www.inmusicwetrust.com/articles/65h10.html Archived] from the original on 2006-03-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-06</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name="faithnomoreblog">{{Cite web |last=Grant |first=Jess |date=2013-04-19 |title=Steve Balderson Firecracker Q and A The Answers |url=http://www.faithnomoreblog.com/2013/04/steve-balderson-firecracker-q-and-the.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330143530/http://www.faithnomoreblog.com/2013/04/steve-balderson-firecracker-q-and-the.html |archive-date=2015-03-30 |access-date=2016-04-06 |website=faithnomoreblog.com |publisher=Faith No More Blog}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGrant2013">Grant, Jess (2013-04-19). [http://www.faithnomoreblog.com/2013/04/steve-balderson-firecracker-q-and-the.html "Steve Balderson Firecracker Q and A The Answers"]. ''faithnomoreblog.com''. Faith No More Blog. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150330143530/http://www.faithnomoreblog.com/2013/04/steve-balderson-firecracker-q-and-the.html Archived] from the original on 2015-03-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-06</span></span>.</cite></ref> An harbe fim din a Wamego da kewayen yankin sama da watanni biyu a shekara ta 2003, a kan kasafin kuɗi na kasa da $ 500,000. An yi amfani da bikin carnival na Ottaway, ainihin bikin da ke ziyartar Wamego a kai a kai, don al'amuran carnival, tare da mazauna yankin a matsayin karin.<ref name="biles" /> == Halin da aka yi amfani da shi == An gama shi a shekara ta 2005 kuma an sake shi a cikin "Freak Show Tour" na farko a cikin Landmark Theatres, kuma an sake ya a DVD a shekara ta 2006. Mai sukar fina-finai Roger Ebert ya kira shi "Brilliant" kuma ya ba Firecracker lambar yabo ta musamman a cikin jerin fina-fukkuna mafi kyau na shekara. An yaba da shi a matsayin "mafi kyawun" [1] wanda "mai ba da labari wanda ke da yatsa a kan bugun fim na zamani" (Magajin Aftertaste), Firecracker ya fara ne a bikin fina-finai na Raindance na London, don sayar da jama'a, inda ya lashe kyautar Jury don Hoton Mafi Kyawu. Har ila yau, ta lashe kyaututtuka da yawa a zagaye na bikin a duk duniya ciki har da: Hoton Mafi Kyawu, Cinematography Mafi Kyawu ga Karen Black, da kuma darektan Steve Balderson ya lashe lambar yabo ta Domani Vision ta 2005 don ƙwarewa mai tasowa a Tribeca's Visionfest . == Kyaututtuka == * 2005 Visionfest - Wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Domani Vision (Steve Balderson) * 2005 Visionfest - Wanda ya lashe fim mafi kyau * 2005 Visionfest - Wanda ya lashe kyautar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau (Karen Black) * 2005 Visionfest - Wanda ya lashe Cinematography Mafi Kyawu * 2005 Fantasporto - Wanda ya lashe kyautar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau (Karen Black) * 2005 Fantasporto - Mafi Kyawun Fim * 2004 Raindance Film Festival - Kyautar Kyautar Kyauta ta Fim == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fim]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 30yf77jjg8vrwnw8uo0mlbo5o57mqy7 0 125472 820819 754519 2026-04-13T14:42:21Z BnHamid 12586 820819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Identity School of Acting ('''IDSA''') [[Drama school|Makarantar wasan kwaikwayo]] ce ta ɗan lokaci wacce Femi Oguns ta kafa a London, Ingila a shekara ta 2003. An bude reshe na biyu da harabar a [[Los Angeles]], [[California]] a cikin 2018 Makarantar Bayyanawa ta fara ne a shekara ta 2003 tare da dalibai 10 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Arcola a Hackney. Kodayake a buɗe ga ɗalibai masu zuwa na dukan kabilun, Oguns ya kafa ma'aikatar tare da niyyar kaiwa ga 'yan wasan baƙar fata da' yan tsiraru da inganta bambancin duniyar gaske a kan mataki da allo, da kuma riƙe daraktocin jefawa don lissafi saboda rashin damar da ya samu a cikin abubuwan da ya samu na farko.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chappet |first=Marie-Claire |date=20 June 2018 |title=Identity School of Acting: a London drama school like no other |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/esmagazine/identity-school-of-acting-is-now-producing-some-of-britain-s-biggest-stars-from-john-boyega-to-a3866736.html |journal=Evening Standard |access-date=16 December 2019}}</ref> Daga baya makarantar ta koma Holborn, sannan kuma zuwa Brixton, tare da bayar da darussan kan layi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Laughland |first=Oliver |date=25 February 2012 |title=From Hackney to Hollywood: the stars of an all-black drama school |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/feb/25/hackney-to-hollywood-black-drama |journal=The Guardian |access-date=16 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Colleen Harris |last2=Sadaf Maruf |date=4 August 2017 |title=The drama school out to break glass ceilings |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-40812342 |journal=BBC News |access-date=16 December 2019}}</ref> Makarantar tana ba da horo na ɗan lokaci wanda ya fara ne tun yana da shekaru 16. Makarantar tana da alaƙa da Ƙungiyar Hukumar Bayyanawa, wacce aka kafa a shekara ta 2006. Koyaya, hukumar ta bambanta; ba duk dalibai da tsofaffi ba ne dole ba ne hukumar ta wakilce su, kuma ba duk wani ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da IAG ta wakilta ba ne dole ne dalibi ko tsohon jami'in IDSA.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chappet |first=Marie-Claire |date=20 June 2018 |title=Identity School of Acting: a London drama school like no other |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/esmagazine/identity-school-of-acting-is-now-producing-some-of-britain-s-biggest-stars-from-john-boyega-to-a3866736.html |journal=Evening Standard |access-date=16 December 2019}}</ref> An ƙaddamar da reshen [[Los Angeles]] na Identity School a cikin 2018 tare da tsofaffi [[John Boyega]], Letitia Wright, Malachi Kirby, Damson Idris, da Melanie Liburd a matsayin masu tallafawa sabon bangaren.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chappet |first=Marie-Claire |date=20 June 2018 |title=Identity School of Acting: a London drama school like no other |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/esmagazine/identity-school-of-acting-is-now-producing-some-of-britain-s-biggest-stars-from-john-boyega-to-a3866736.html |journal=Evening Standard |access-date=16 December 2019}}</ref> Oguns da Boyega sun ƙaddamar da wani bangare na samar da ma'aikata, Identity Filmworks, a cikin 2019. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Laughland |first=Oliver |date=25 February 2012 |title=From Hackney to Hollywood: the stars of an all-black drama school |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/feb/25/hackney-to-hollywood-black-drama |journal=The Guardian |access-date=16 December 2019}}</ref> == Shahararrun mutane == * Femi Oguns, wanda ya kafa === Dalibai === ==== Landan ==== ==== Los Angeles ==== * Ivan Mbakop * Sonya Balmores == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}}{{Performing Arts Schools in the United Kingdom|acting}} s1cs1cxxrlevrzwcgcapgl337uckf4w 0 125996 821055 756000 2026-04-14T06:10:59Z BnHamid 12586 821055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Dubendorf_floodgate.jpg|thumb|'''Zaren sukurori''' , wanda aka yi amfani da shi don canza jujjuyawar zuwa ƙarfin layi a [[Kofar ambaliya|ƙofar ambaliyar ruwa]]. Mai aiki yana juyawa ƙaramin kayan kwalliya a tsakiya. Ta hanyar amfani da inji wannan yana haifar da gears na kwance (a gefen hagu da dama, tare da ramuka na tsakiya) don juyawa. Juyawa yana ɗagawa ko rage tsawo biyu na tsaye - saboda ba su da 'yanci don juyawa.]] '''Zaren sukurori''' tsari ne na helical da ake amfani da shi don canzawa tsakanin motsi na juyawa da na layi ko ƙarfi. Zaren sukurori wani yanki ne da aka naɗe a kusa da silinda ko mazugi a cikin siffar helix, tare da sunan farko a matsayin ''madaidaiciyar'' zare yayin da na biyu a matsayin mai ''taped'' zare. Zaren sukurori muhimmin fasali ne na sukurori a matsayin injina mai sauƙi kuma a matsayin [[Kusa|abin ɗaurewa mai zare]] . Amfanin injina na zaren sukurori ya dogara ne da ''gubar'' da ke cikinsa, wanda shine nisan da sukurori ke tafiya a cikin juyin juya hali ɗaya. A yawancin aikace-aikace, ana zaɓar gubar zaren sukurori don haka gogayya ta isa ta hana motsi na layi ya koma juyawa, don haka sukurori ba ya zamewa ko da lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin layi, matuƙar babu ƙarfin juyawa na waje. Wannan halayyar tana da mahimmanci ga yawancin amfaninta. Ƙarfafa zaren sukurori na mannewa yana kama da tuƙa rami zuwa cikin rami har sai ya manne da sauri ta hanyar gogayya da ɗan canjin roba . == Aikace-aikacen == Kayan kwalliya suna da aikace-aikace da yawa: * Ƙarƙashin: Ƙarƙarar kamar ƙuƙwalwar katako, ƙuƙwalwa na filastik, ƙuɓɓugar inji, ƙwayoyi, da ƙuƙwasawa. Haɗakar da bututu da bututu zuwa juna da kuma ƙuƙwalwa da kayan aiki. ** Fasteners kamar su katako na katako, filastik na filastik, na'ura, kwayoyi, da bolts. ** Haɗakar da bututu da bututu zuwa juna da kuma ƙuƙwalwa da kayan aiki. * Ragewar Gear ta hanyar tsutsotsitsutsa yana motsawa * Motsa abubuwa a layi ta hanyar canza motsi mai juyawa zuwa motsi mai layi, kamar yadda yake a cikin jagora na jack. * Auna ta hanyar daidaita motsi na layi zuwa motsi mai juyawa (kuma a lokaci guda fadada shi), kamar yadda yake a cikin micrometer. * Dukkanin abubuwa masu motsi a layi kuma a lokaci guda suna auna motsi, suna haɗuwa da ayyukan biyu da aka ambata a sama, kamar yadda yake a cikin jagora na [[lathe]]. A cikin dukkan wadannan aikace-aikacen, zaren na'ura yana da manyan ayyuka guda biyu: * Yana canza motsi mai juyawa zuwa motsi na layi. * Yana hana motsi na layi ba tare da juyawa ba. == Tsarin == === Jima'i === Kowanne nau'in zare da aka haɗa, ''na waje'' da ''na ciki'', ana iya kwatanta shi da ''namiji'' da ''mace'' . Gabaɗaya, zaren da ke kan saman waje ana ɗaukarsa namiji ne, yayin da waɗanda ke kan saman ciki ana ɗaukarsa mace. Misali, sukurori yana da zaren namiji, yayin da ramin da ya dace (ko a cikin goro ko substrate) yana da zaren mata. Wannan siffa ana kiranta ''jinsi'' . Haɗa abin ɗaurewa da aka zare da namiji zuwa wanda aka zare da mace ana kiransa ''mating'' . === Hannu da hannu === [[Fayil:Screw_thread_handedness.png|thumb|Hanyoyin gyare-gyare na dama da na hagu]] [[Fayil:Right-hand_grip_rule.svg|thumb|Dokar hannun dama na zaren gyare-gyare]] Helix na zare na iya karkata zuwa hanyoyi biyu masu yiwuwa, wanda aka sani da ''hannu'' . Yawancin zare suna fuskantar juna ta yadda abin da aka zana, idan aka gan shi daga gefen gani a kan axis ta tsakiyar helix, zai motsa daga mai kallo idan aka juya shi a gefen agogo, kuma ya koma ga mai kallo idan aka juya shi a akasin agogo. Wannan ana kiransa da zaren ''hannun dama'' ( ''RH'' ), saboda yana bin ƙa'idar riƙon hannun dama . Zaren da aka mayar da hankali a akasin alkibla ana kiransa da ''hannun hagu'' ( ''LH'' ). Ta hanyar al'ada ta yau da kullun, hannun dama shine hannun hannu na asali don zaren gyare-gyare. Sabili da haka, yawancin sassan da aka yi da zaren suna da zaren hannun dama. Aikace-aikacen zaren hagu sun haɗa da: * Inda juyawar shaft zai sa goro na hannun dama ya sassauta maimakon ya matse saboda ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi ko kuma raguwar matsin lamba da ke haifarwa . Misalan sun haɗa da: ** Feda ta ƙafar hagu a [[Keke|kan keke]] <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> ** Tayar niƙa ta hagu a kan injin niƙa benci ** Ƙwayoyin axle, ko kuma waɗanda ba a saba gani ba, suna da goro a gefen hagu na wasu motoci ** Goro mai ɗaurewa akan wasu ruwan wukake masu zagaye - babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki a lokacin farawa yakamata ya zama yana ƙara matse goro. ** Madaurin da ke kan abin yanka buroshi da kan masu yanke layi, don haka karfin juyi yana ƙara ƙarfi maimakon sassauta haɗin. ** Goro mai matsewa da hannu yana riƙe ruwan fanka a kan madaurin motar a cikin ƙira da yawa na [[Fanka|magoya bayan tebur masu]] juyawa da magoya bayan bene * A hade da zare na hannun dama a cikin maƙallan juyawa da maƙallan ɗaurewa <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> * A wasu hanyoyin samar da iskar gas don hana haɗakar haɗari, misali: ** A cikin walda mai amfani da iskar gas, iskar gas mai ƙonewa tana amfani da zare na hannun hagu, yayin da iskar oxygen idan akwai tana da zare na gargajiya. ** Bawul ɗin POL na silinda na LPG * A cikin yanayi inda ba za a iya juya ƙarshen bututun da aka zare don ƙara ƙarfi ko sassauta haɗin ba (misali a cikin bututun dumama na gargajiya da ke gudana ta cikin ɗakuna da yawa a cikin gini). A irin wannan yanayin, haɗin zai kasance da zare ɗaya na hannun dama da kuma zare ɗaya na hannun hagu. * A wasu lokuta, misali [[Ballpen|alkalami]] na farko, don samar da hanyar "sirrin" ta wargaza * A cikin harsasai masu linzami, duk wani abu da ya kunsa a cikin harsasai dole ne a yi la'akari da shi game da abin da zai faru idan aka harba harsasai, misali, duk wani abu da ya kunsa a cikin tushe daga ƙasan harsasai dole ne a zare shi da hannun hagu. * A cikin hanyoyin da za a ba da aiki mai sauƙi kamar: ** Maƙallin jagora na maƙallin giciye don sa maƙallin giciye ya motsa daga mai aiki lokacin da aka juya maƙallin jagora a hannun agogo ** Zurfin sukurori da aka yanke na jirgin ƙarfe na "Bailey" (ko "Stanley-Bailey") (kayan aiki) don ruwan wukake ya motsa zuwa ga yatsan hannun dama mai daidaitawa. * Wasu fitilun tushe na Edison da kayan haɗi (kamar waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a baya a Jirgin Ƙasa na New York City ko kuma kayan aikin Sprague-Thomson na Paris Metro kafin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya]] ) suna da zare na hagu don hana sata, saboda ba za a iya amfani da su a wasu kayan aikin haske ba. === Hanyar da ake ciki === [[Fayil:Different_Thread_Types_Update.jpg|right|thumb|260x260px|Hanyoyi daban-daban (kuma ba su dace ba) ciki har da (daga hagu) M12 hannun hagu, misali M12, M12x1.5 (mai kyau), M12x1.25 (mai kyau) 1/2 "UNF, 1/2 "UNC, 1/2 "BSW, da 1/2 "BSF]] == Bayani == {{Reflist|33em}} ** {{Citation|last=Bhandari|first=V B|title=Design of Machine Elements|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill|year=2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f5Eit2FZe_cC|isbn=978-0-07-061141-2}}. ** {{Citation|last1=Degarmo|first1=E. Paul|last2=Black|first2=J T.|last3=Kohser|first3=Ronald A.|title=Materials and Processes in Manufacturing|publisher=Wiley|year=2003|edition=9th|isbn=0-471-65653-4|postscript=.}} ** {{MachinerysHandbook25e}} ** {{Roe1916}} ** {{citation|last=Ryffel|first=Henry H.|title=Machinery's Handbook|edition=23rd|publisher=Industrial Press|location=New York|year=1988|isbn=978-0-8311-1200-4|postscript=.|display-authors=etal}} ** {{Citation|last=Wilson|first=Bruce A.|year=2004|title=Design Dimensioning and Tolerancing|edition=4th|publisher=Goodheart-Wilcox|isbn=1-59070-328-6}}. == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.gewinde-normen.de/en/index.html Ka'idojin Tushen Kasa da Kasa] * [http://www.modelfixings.co.uk/thread_data.htm ModelFixings - Bayanan zaren] * [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900009424 NASA RP-1228 Fastener Design Manual] * [https://www.gewinde-normen.de/en/french-thread.html Faransanci Firi] * [[google:french+metric+thread+sizes&oq=french+metric+thread+sizes&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQRRg80gEKNjEyNjFqMGoxNagCCLACAfEFLvCFCGq3bL0&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8|Girman zaren Metric na Faransanci (jerin GAZ)]] gsklhxvsmtpcr2egj8ruwicv4bpp1x6 821056 821055 2026-04-14T06:11:17Z BnHamid 12586 821056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Gyara mukala}} [[Fayil:Dubendorf_floodgate.jpg|thumb|'''Zaren sukurori''' , wanda aka yi amfani da shi don canza jujjuyawar zuwa ƙarfin layi a [[Kofar ambaliya|ƙofar ambaliyar ruwa]]. Mai aiki yana juyawa ƙaramin kayan kwalliya a tsakiya. Ta hanyar amfani da inji wannan yana haifar da gears na kwance (a gefen hagu da dama, tare da ramuka na tsakiya) don juyawa. Juyawa yana ɗagawa ko rage tsawo biyu na tsaye - saboda ba su da 'yanci don juyawa.]] '''Zaren sukurori''' tsari ne na helical da ake amfani da shi don canzawa tsakanin motsi na juyawa da na layi ko ƙarfi. Zaren sukurori wani yanki ne da aka naɗe a kusa da silinda ko mazugi a cikin siffar helix, tare da sunan farko a matsayin ''madaidaiciyar'' zare yayin da na biyu a matsayin mai ''taped'' zare. Zaren sukurori muhimmin fasali ne na sukurori a matsayin injina mai sauƙi kuma a matsayin [[Kusa|abin ɗaurewa mai zare]] . Amfanin injina na zaren sukurori ya dogara ne da ''gubar'' da ke cikinsa, wanda shine nisan da sukurori ke tafiya a cikin juyin juya hali ɗaya. A yawancin aikace-aikace, ana zaɓar gubar zaren sukurori don haka gogayya ta isa ta hana motsi na layi ya koma juyawa, don haka sukurori ba ya zamewa ko da lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin layi, matuƙar babu ƙarfin juyawa na waje. Wannan halayyar tana da mahimmanci ga yawancin amfaninta. Ƙarfafa zaren sukurori na mannewa yana kama da tuƙa rami zuwa cikin rami har sai ya manne da sauri ta hanyar gogayya da ɗan canjin roba . == Aikace-aikacen == Kayan kwalliya suna da aikace-aikace da yawa: * Ƙarƙashin: Ƙarƙarar kamar ƙuƙwalwar katako, ƙuƙwalwa na filastik, ƙuɓɓugar inji, ƙwayoyi, da ƙuƙwasawa. Haɗakar da bututu da bututu zuwa juna da kuma ƙuƙwalwa da kayan aiki. ** Fasteners kamar su katako na katako, filastik na filastik, na'ura, kwayoyi, da bolts. ** Haɗakar da bututu da bututu zuwa juna da kuma ƙuƙwalwa da kayan aiki. * Ragewar Gear ta hanyar tsutsotsitsutsa yana motsawa * Motsa abubuwa a layi ta hanyar canza motsi mai juyawa zuwa motsi mai layi, kamar yadda yake a cikin jagora na jack. * Auna ta hanyar daidaita motsi na layi zuwa motsi mai juyawa (kuma a lokaci guda fadada shi), kamar yadda yake a cikin micrometer. * Dukkanin abubuwa masu motsi a layi kuma a lokaci guda suna auna motsi, suna haɗuwa da ayyukan biyu da aka ambata a sama, kamar yadda yake a cikin jagora na [[lathe]]. A cikin dukkan wadannan aikace-aikacen, zaren na'ura yana da manyan ayyuka guda biyu: * Yana canza motsi mai juyawa zuwa motsi na layi. * Yana hana motsi na layi ba tare da juyawa ba. == Tsarin == === Jima'i === Kowanne nau'in zare da aka haɗa, ''na waje'' da ''na ciki'', ana iya kwatanta shi da ''namiji'' da ''mace'' . Gabaɗaya, zaren da ke kan saman waje ana ɗaukarsa namiji ne, yayin da waɗanda ke kan saman ciki ana ɗaukarsa mace. Misali, sukurori yana da zaren namiji, yayin da ramin da ya dace (ko a cikin goro ko substrate) yana da zaren mata. Wannan siffa ana kiranta ''jinsi'' . Haɗa abin ɗaurewa da aka zare da namiji zuwa wanda aka zare da mace ana kiransa ''mating'' . === Hannu da hannu === [[Fayil:Screw_thread_handedness.png|thumb|Hanyoyin gyare-gyare na dama da na hagu]] [[Fayil:Right-hand_grip_rule.svg|thumb|Dokar hannun dama na zaren gyare-gyare]] Helix na zare na iya karkata zuwa hanyoyi biyu masu yiwuwa, wanda aka sani da ''hannu'' . Yawancin zare suna fuskantar juna ta yadda abin da aka zana, idan aka gan shi daga gefen gani a kan axis ta tsakiyar helix, zai motsa daga mai kallo idan aka juya shi a gefen agogo, kuma ya koma ga mai kallo idan aka juya shi a akasin agogo. Wannan ana kiransa da zaren ''hannun dama'' ( ''RH'' ), saboda yana bin ƙa'idar riƙon hannun dama . Zaren da aka mayar da hankali a akasin alkibla ana kiransa da ''hannun hagu'' ( ''LH'' ). Ta hanyar al'ada ta yau da kullun, hannun dama shine hannun hannu na asali don zaren gyare-gyare. Sabili da haka, yawancin sassan da aka yi da zaren suna da zaren hannun dama. Aikace-aikacen zaren hagu sun haɗa da: * Inda juyawar shaft zai sa goro na hannun dama ya sassauta maimakon ya matse saboda ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi ko kuma raguwar matsin lamba da ke haifarwa . Misalan sun haɗa da: ** Feda ta ƙafar hagu a [[Keke|kan keke]] <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> ** Tayar niƙa ta hagu a kan injin niƙa benci ** Ƙwayoyin axle, ko kuma waɗanda ba a saba gani ba, suna da goro a gefen hagu na wasu motoci ** Goro mai ɗaurewa akan wasu ruwan wukake masu zagaye - babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki a lokacin farawa yakamata ya zama yana ƙara matse goro. ** Madaurin da ke kan abin yanka buroshi da kan masu yanke layi, don haka karfin juyi yana ƙara ƙarfi maimakon sassauta haɗin. ** Goro mai matsewa da hannu yana riƙe ruwan fanka a kan madaurin motar a cikin ƙira da yawa na [[Fanka|magoya bayan tebur masu]] juyawa da magoya bayan bene * A hade da zare na hannun dama a cikin maƙallan juyawa da maƙallan ɗaurewa <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> * A wasu hanyoyin samar da iskar gas don hana haɗakar haɗari, misali: ** A cikin walda mai amfani da iskar gas, iskar gas mai ƙonewa tana amfani da zare na hannun hagu, yayin da iskar oxygen idan akwai tana da zare na gargajiya. ** Bawul ɗin POL na silinda na LPG * A cikin yanayi inda ba za a iya juya ƙarshen bututun da aka zare don ƙara ƙarfi ko sassauta haɗin ba (misali a cikin bututun dumama na gargajiya da ke gudana ta cikin ɗakuna da yawa a cikin gini). A irin wannan yanayin, haɗin zai kasance da zare ɗaya na hannun dama da kuma zare ɗaya na hannun hagu. * A wasu lokuta, misali [[Ballpen|alkalami]] na farko, don samar da hanyar "sirrin" ta wargaza * A cikin harsasai masu linzami, duk wani abu da ya kunsa a cikin harsasai dole ne a yi la'akari da shi game da abin da zai faru idan aka harba harsasai, misali, duk wani abu da ya kunsa a cikin tushe daga ƙasan harsasai dole ne a zare shi da hannun hagu. * A cikin hanyoyin da za a ba da aiki mai sauƙi kamar: ** Maƙallin jagora na maƙallin giciye don sa maƙallin giciye ya motsa daga mai aiki lokacin da aka juya maƙallin jagora a hannun agogo ** Zurfin sukurori da aka yanke na jirgin ƙarfe na "Bailey" (ko "Stanley-Bailey") (kayan aiki) don ruwan wukake ya motsa zuwa ga yatsan hannun dama mai daidaitawa. * Wasu fitilun tushe na Edison da kayan haɗi (kamar waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a baya a Jirgin Ƙasa na New York City ko kuma kayan aikin Sprague-Thomson na Paris Metro kafin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya]] ) suna da zare na hagu don hana sata, saboda ba za a iya amfani da su a wasu kayan aikin haske ba. === Hanyar da ake ciki === [[Fayil:Different_Thread_Types_Update.jpg|right|thumb|260x260px|Hanyoyi daban-daban (kuma ba su dace ba) ciki har da (daga hagu) M12 hannun hagu, misali M12, M12x1.5 (mai kyau), M12x1.25 (mai kyau) 1/2 "UNF, 1/2 "UNC, 1/2 "BSW, da 1/2 "BSF]] == Bayani == {{Reflist|33em}} ** {{Citation|last=Bhandari|first=V B|title=Design of Machine Elements|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill|year=2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f5Eit2FZe_cC|isbn=978-0-07-061141-2}}. ** {{Citation|last1=Degarmo|first1=E. Paul|last2=Black|first2=J T.|last3=Kohser|first3=Ronald A.|title=Materials and Processes in Manufacturing|publisher=Wiley|year=2003|edition=9th|isbn=0-471-65653-4|postscript=.}} ** {{MachinerysHandbook25e}} ** {{Roe1916}} ** {{citation|last=Ryffel|first=Henry H.|title=Machinery's Handbook|edition=23rd|publisher=Industrial Press|location=New York|year=1988|isbn=978-0-8311-1200-4|postscript=.|display-authors=etal}} ** {{Citation|last=Wilson|first=Bruce A.|year=2004|title=Design Dimensioning and Tolerancing|edition=4th|publisher=Goodheart-Wilcox|isbn=1-59070-328-6}}. == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.gewinde-normen.de/en/index.html Ka'idojin Tushen Kasa da Kasa] * [http://www.modelfixings.co.uk/thread_data.htm ModelFixings - Bayanan zaren] * [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900009424 NASA RP-1228 Fastener Design Manual] * [https://www.gewinde-normen.de/en/french-thread.html Faransanci Firi] * [[google:french+metric+thread+sizes&oq=french+metric+thread+sizes&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQRRg80gEKNjEyNjFqMGoxNagCCLACAfEFLvCFCGq3bL0&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8|Girman zaren Metric na Faransanci (jerin GAZ)]] 7qru2q41g7stnfw2bne3uggrdhihztp 0 126210 821069 756624 2026-04-14T06:15:43Z BnHamid 12586 821069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fasaha ta gaba''' na iya nufin: * Fasaha mai tasowa, fasahar da ake ganin za ta iya canza yanayin da ake ciki * Nazarin gaba (wanda kuma ake kira futurology), nazarin hasashen makomar da za ta yiwu, mai yiwuwa, da kuma wacce za a fi so da kuma ra'ayoyin duniya da tatsuniyoyi da ke ƙarƙashinsu. * Fasaha mai zato, fasahar da ba ta wanzu ba tukuna, amma wacce za ta iya wanzuwa a nan gaba * Hasashen fasaha, ƙoƙarin yin hasashen halaye na gaba na injunan fasaha masu amfani, hanyoyin aiki ko dabaru [[Rukuni:Fasaha]] qqgxs8xf04oda1xegzjfeipi5smsr9q 0 127563 820838 760260 2026-04-13T15:04:18Z BnHamid 12586 820838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kyautar BBC Four World Cinema''' kyauta ce ta shekara-shekara da ake bayarwa don murnar mafi kyawun fina-finai a duniya. Manyan masu suka a [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]], shugabannin makarantun fim da daraktocin bukukuwa daga fina-finan harsunan waje da aka fitar a wannan shekarar a Burtaniya ne ke yin jerin fina-finai har guda shida. Kwamitin alkalai ne ke zabar wanda ya lashe kyautar a matsayin wani bangare na bikin bayar da kyautar, wanda aka nuna kai tsaye a BBC Four, kuma tun daga farko Jonathan Ross ne ya dauki nauyin shirya shi. == Tarihi == Shekarar 2008 ita ce shekara ta bakwai da fara gasar, inda Jonathan Ross daga BFI Southbank da ke [[Landan]] ya shirya bikin bayar da kyautar fina-finai ta BBC Four World Cinema. An sanar da wanda ya lashe kyautar a shekarar 2008 a ranar 30 ga Janairu, 2008, kuma an watsa taron a BBC Four a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2008. A shekarar 2009, an ƙara sabuwar lambar yabo ta Nasara ga wani mai shirya fina-finai na duniya mai babban matsayi a bikin ban da kyautar mafi kyawun fina-finai da ake da ita, <ref name="bfi-20092">{{Cite web |title=BBC Four World Cinema Awards 2009 |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/whatson/bbc_four_world_cinema_awards_2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205164642/http://www.bfi.org.uk/whatson/bbc_four_world_cinema_awards_2009 |archive-date=5 December 2008 |access-date=1 December 2008 |publisher=[[British Film Institute|BFI]]}}</ref> wanda aka ba [[Werner Herzog]] . An gudanar da bikin bayar da kyautar ta 2009 a ranar 27 ga Janairu, 2009, kuma a BFI Southbank. <ref name="bfi-20092" /> An gudanar da bikin shekara-shekara na bakwai a watan Oktoba na 2010. Ganin cewa BBC na buƙatar [[BBC|rage kasafin kuɗi]], 2011 ita ce ta ƙarshe da aka gudanar da bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na BBC Four World Cinema Awards. == Wadanda suka lashe kyaututtuka == === Kyautar Fina-Finan Duniya Huɗu ta BBC === {| class="wikitable" !Year !Winning film !Director !Country |- ! rowspan="2" |2011 |'''''Nader and Simin: A Separation''''' (''Jodái-e Náder az Simin'') |Asghar Farhadi |Iran |- | colspan="3" |Nominees: ''The Skin I Live In'' (''La piel que habito''), Pedro Almodóvar, Spain; ''Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives'' (''Lung Bunmi Raluek Chat''), Apichatpong Weerasethakul, Thailand; ''Of Gods and Men'' (''Des hommes et des dieux''), Xavier Beauvois, France; ''Le Quattro Volte'' (''Le Quattro Volte''), Michelangelo Frammartino, Italy<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Four - BBC Four World Cinema Awards, 2011 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b017lk7r}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" |2010 |'''''The White Ribbon''''' (''Das weiße Band, Eine deutsche Kindergeschichte'') |Michael Haneke |Austria |- | colspan="3" |Nominees: ''I Am Love'' (''Io sono l'amore''), Luca Guadagnino, Italy; ''Let the Right One In'' (''Låt den rätte komma in''), Tomas Alfredson, Sweden; ''A Prophet'' (''Un prophète''), Jacques Audiard, France; ''Waltz with Bashir'' (''Vals Im Bashir''), Ari Folman, Israel |- ! rowspan="2" |2009 |'''''4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days''''' (''4 luni, 3 săptămâni şi 2 zile'') |Cristian Mungiu |Romania |- | colspan="3" |Nominees: ''Gomorrah'' (''Gomorra''), Matteo Garrone, Italy; ''Persepolis'', Vincent Paronnaud and Marjane Satrapi, France; ''The Diving Bell and the Butterfly'', Julian Schnabel, France/USA; ''The Orphanage'' (''El Orfanato''), Juan Antonio Bayona, Spain/Mexico |- ! rowspan="2" |2008 |'''''Pan's Labyrinth''''' (''El Laberinto del Fauno'') |Guillermo del Toro |Mexico/Spain/USA |- | colspan="3" |Nominees: ''The Lives of Others'' (''Das Leben Der Anderen''), Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck, Germany; ''The Science of Sleep'' (''La Science Des Rêves''), Michel Gondry, France/Italy/USA; ''Climates'' (''Iklimler''), Nuri Bilge Ceylan, Turkey/France; ''Syndromes and a Century'' (''Sang Sattawat''), Apichatpong Weerasethakul, Thailand/France/Austria |- ! rowspan="2" |2007 |'''''The Death of Mr. Lazarescu''''' (Moartea Domnului Lazarescu) |Cristi Puiu |Romania |- | colspan="3" |Nominees: ''The Beat That My Heart Skipped'' (''De Battre Mon Coeur S'est Arrêté''), Jacques Audiard, France; ''The Child'' (''L'Enfant''), Jean-Pierre & Luc Dardenne, Belgium/France; ''Hidden'' (''Caché''), Michael Haneke, France/Germany/Austria/Italy; ''Lady Vengeance'' (''Chinjeolhan Geumjassi''), Chan-Wook Park, South Korea; ''Volver'', Pedro Almodóvar, Spain |- ! rowspan="2" |2006 |'''''Downfall''''' (''Der Untergang'') |Oliver Hirschbiegel |Germany/Italy/Austria |- | colspan="3" |Nominees: ''2046'', Wong Kar-Wai, China/France/Germany/Hong Kong; ''House of Flying Daggers'', Zhang Yimou, China/Hong Kong; ''Look at Me'', Agnès Jaoui, France/Italy; ''The Sea Inside'', Alejandro Amenábar, Spain; ''Tropical Malady'', Apichatpong Weerasethakul, Thailand |- ! rowspan="2" |2005 |'''''The Return''''' (''Vozvrashcheniye'') |Andrey Zvyagintsev |Russia |- | colspan="3" |Nominees: ''Bad Education'', Pedro Almodóvar, Spain; ''Hero'', Zhang Yimou, China/Hong Kong; ''The Motorcycle Diaries'', Walter Salles, USA/UK/Argentina/Chile/Peru; ''Uzak'', Nuri Bilge Ceylan, Turkey; ''Zatōichi'', [[Takeshi Kitano]], Japan |- ! rowspan="2" |2004 |'''''Belleville Rendez-vous''''' (''Les Triplettes de Belleville'') |Sylvain Chomet |France/Belgium/Canada |- | colspan="3" |Nominees: ''City of God'' (Cidade de Deus), Fernando Meirelles and co-director Katia Lund, Brazil/France/USA; ''Être et Avoir'', Nicolas Philibert, France; ''Good Bye, Lenin!'', Wolfgang Becker, Germany; ''The Man Without a Past'' (''Mies vailla menneisyyttä''), Aki Kaurismaki, Finland/Germany/France; ''Spirited Away'' (Sen to Chihiro no Kamikakushi), Hayao Miyazaki, USA/Japan |} === Kyautar Nasarar Fina-finai ta BBC ta Duniya Huɗu === * 2009 – Werner Herzog * 2010 – Bernardo Bertolucci * 2011 – Isabelle Huppert == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bikin bayar da kyaututtukan harkar Fim]] 8rk452rthi9ifu4xs8usndg6c8gymep 0 128383 821048 762580 2026-04-14T06:09:08Z BnHamid 12586 821048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:U.S._Temperature_Climate_Normals.png|right|thumb|Yawan zafin jiki na shekara-shekara na Amurka idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin karni na 20 ga kowane lokacin Yanayin Yanayi na Amurka daga 1901-1930 zuwa 1991-2020.]] Yanayin yanayi na al'ada ko yanayi na al-ada ('''CN''') matsakaicin shekaru 30 ne na canjin yanayi na wani lokaci na shekara. Mafi yawanci, CN yana nufin wani watan shekara, amma kuma yana iya nufin sikelin da ya fi girma, kamar takamaiman Lokacin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2017 |title=WMO Guidelines on the Calculation of Climate Normals |url=https://library.wmo.int/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=20130#.Xznu2ChKg2x |access-date=3 July 2021 |website=World Meteorological Organization}}</ref> Kwanan nan, an ba da rahoton CN don ƙananan ma'auni, kamar ranar shekara har ma da ma'aunin sa'a.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 November 2012 |title=NOAA's 1981–2010 U.S. Climate Normals: An Overview |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |publisher=American Meteorological Society |volume=93 |issue=11 |pages=1687–1697 |bibcode=2012BAMS...93.1687A |doi=10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00197.1 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana amfani da al'amuran yanayi a matsayin matsakaici ko tushe don kimanta abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi da samar da mahallin don canjin shekara-shekara. Za'a iya lissafin al'ada don sauye-sauyen yanayi daban-daban ciki har da zafin jiki da hazo kuma ya dogara da bayanai daga Tashoshin yanayi. Canji daga matsakaicin shekaru 30 yana da kyau kuma [[Canjin yanayi da canji|Canjin yanayi]] yana kallon girman matsananci. '''Matsayin yanayi na yau da kullun''' sune lokutan da aka sabunta a kowace shekara goma: 1971-2000, 1981-2010, 1991-2020, da dai sauransu. Kalmar "al'ada" ta fara bayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafen da Heinrich Wilhelm Dove ya yi a cikin 1840 kuma kwamitin kula da yanayi na kasa da kasa ya tsara manufar a cikin 1872. [1] Amfani da tsawon shekaru 30 na al'ada ya fara ne a 1935 tare da lokacin 1901-30. [2] Ci gaba da amfani da al'amuran shekaru 30 an ƙara yin tambaya saboda shaidar da ta dace cewa ba za a iya ɗaukar ƙididdigar ƙididdigarsa ba saboda Canjin yanayi.[1][3] Wannan ya haifar da madadin ma'anoni kamar "Mafi kyawun Yanayi na Yanayi" da kuma tsarin "Hinge Fit" don kara daidaitattun shekaru 30 waɗanda har yanzu ana amfani da su.[4] == Dubi kuma == * Yanayin yanayi * [[Climatology|Yanayin yanayi]] * Yanayin yanayi == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} l6kk0358zrzgijyggl4wqcstlblnu9n 0 128453 821038 762750 2026-04-14T06:05:35Z BnHamid 12586 821038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Alto-de-bolivia.svg|right|thumb|250x250px|Taswirar da ke nuna matsayi daban-daban da Babban Jami'in Bolivia ke da shi.]] Cibiyar Bolivia High cibiyar tsakiya ce ta wurare masu zafi da ke da matsin lamba wanda ake samu a Bolivia. Wani ɓangare na tsaunuka masu tsawo ya mamaye tsaunin Altiplano a cikin tsaunukan Andes. Misali ya samar da sakamakon da ya nuna cewa Babban Birnin Bolivia yana da 'yanci daga Altiplano, watau cewa zai kasance ko da ƙasar da ke ƙarƙashin duwatsu marasa.[1] Ayyukan wannan anticyclone ne wanda ke kawo iska mai bushe ta hanyar iskar yamma daga Maris zuwa Nuwamba a kan Altiplano amma sai, lokacin da yake motsawa kudu daga Disamba zuwa Fabrairu yana ba da damar shigar da iska mai laushi daga gabas wanda ke haifar da Lokacin ruwan sama a cikin Altiplano.[2] Lokacin da manyan gabas suka kawar da Babbar Bolivia zuwa kudu lokacin ruwan sama a cikin Altiplano (Disamba-Maris) ya fi karfi fiye da yadda ya saba.[3] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Coord|19|S|60|W|source:wikidata}} slpjiprcyf0uljuem27e2aak1uawlu5 0 128781 821034 763553 2026-04-14T06:03:43Z BnHamid 12586 821034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kaisar von Hofacker''' (pronunciation Jamusanci: [ˈtsɛːzaʁ fɔn ˈhoːfˌʔakɐ]; wani lokacin '''Cäsar'''; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cäsar von Hofacker (1896-1944) - Find a Grave... |url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/23304295/c%C3%A4sar-von_hofacker |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=www.findagrave.com |language=en}}</ref> 2 Maris 1896 - 20 Disamba 1944) ya kasance Lieutenant Colonel na Luftwaffe na Jamus kuma jagora memba na makircin 20 Yuli a kan [[Adolf Hitler]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Roland von Hoesslin |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/roland-von-hoesslin-2 |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref>{{IPA|de|ˈtsɛːzaʁ fɔn ˈhoːfˌʔakɐ}}{{IPA|de|ˈtsɛːzaʁ fɔn ˈhoːfˌʔakɐ}}{{IPA|de|ˈtsɛːzaʁ fɔn ˈhoːfˌʔakɐ}} == Iyali == Caesar von Hofacker ɗan Eberhard von Hofack ne, wanda daga baya ya zama Lieutenant Janar na Royal Württemberg Army, da matarsa Albertine (1872-1946), née Countess von Üxküll-Gyllenband, dan uwan mai gwagwarmayar adawa Nikolaus Count von Üxquisill-Gayllenband. Kakansa ita ce Hildegard von Spitzemberg; Claus Schenk Count von Stauffenberg dan uwansa ne. Mai gyara sojojin Prussian Agusta Neidhardt von Gneisenau shi ne kakan kakansa. A shekara ta 1927, von Hofacker ya auri Ilse-Lotte Pastor (1898-1974), jikokin Friedrich Engels. Aure ya haifi 'ya'ya biyar: Eberhard (1928-2001), Anna-Luise (1929), Christa (1932), Alfred (1935) da Lieselotte (1938). == Ayyuka == === Yaƙin Duniya na I da Lokacin Tsakanin Yaƙi === A ranar 8 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1914, bayan barkewar yakin duniya na farko, Hofacker ya shiga aikin sa kai a cikin rundunar Uhlan 'King Wilhelm I' (2nd Württemberg) No. 20, wanda mahaifinsa ya umarce shi, kuma ya yi aiki a cikin 1st Squadron daga 12 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1914. A ranar 7 ga Mayu 1915, an kara shi zuwa corporal, a ranar 4 ga Disamba 1915 zuwa mataimakin sajan ajiya, kuma a ranar 30 ga Maris 1916 zuwa mataimakan ajiya. A ranar 7 ga Yuni 1916, an sauya shi zuwa ƙungiyar ajiya, kuma a ranar 25 ga Disamba 1916, an canja shi zuwa 5th Air Force Reserve Division don horo a matsayin matukin jirgi. Bayan ya wuce jarrabawarsa, an sanya Hofacker a cikin 69th Field Aviation Division, inda aka ba shi lambar yabo ta Golden Military Merit a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 1917. A ranar 3 ga Afrilu 1917, bisa ga bukatar Sarki William II na Württemberg, an mayar da shi zuwa rundunar ajiyar rundunar. A ranar 10 ga Mayu 1917, an tura shi zuwa 26th Division kuma an sanya shi zuwa aikin soja na Jamus a Turkiyya. A matsayinsa na mataimakin farko, Faransanci sun kama shi a matsayin fursuna a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1918. An sake shi daga bauta a ranar 14 ga Maris 1920 kuma an sallame shi daga aikin soja a ranar 17 ga Maris 1920. Bayan ya yi karatun shari'a a Tübingen, ya sami digirin digirinsa a fannin shari'a, kuma ya shiga Vereinigte Stahlwerke a [[Berlin]] a 1927, ya zama mai sanya hannu a 1936. A shekara ta 1931, ya shiga kungiyar Stahlhelm ta sojoji na gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cäsar von Hofacker (1896-1944) - Find a Grave... |url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/23304295/c%C3%A4sar-von_hofacker |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=www.findagrave.com |language=en}}</ref> === Yaƙin Duniya na II === A lokacin barkewar yaƙi, Caesar von Hofacker ya shiga cikin Luftwaffe a matsayin jami'in ajiya. Ya yi aiki a lokacin mamaye Poland a cikin 2nd Squadron of Reconnaissance Group 10. Bayan karshen Yaƙin Faransa, an sanya shi a cikin ma'aikatan gudanarwa na Militärbefehlshaber a Frankreich . Militärbefehlshaber da ke zaune a Paris tana da alhakin gudanar da soja da tattalin arziki na yankunan da aka mamaye na Faransa kuma, daga Nuwamba 1942, yankunan da ba a mamaye su ba. == Tsayayya da Nazism == === Ma'aikatan gudanarwa na Militärbefehlshaber === A matsayinsa na jami'in hulɗa ga masana'antar ƙarfe ta Faransa, Hofacker ya zama memba na ma'aikatan gudanarwa na Militärbefehlhaber a Paris, cibiyar juriya ta Jamus game da Socialism na kasa a Faransa. A cewar Wilhelm Ritter von Schramm, wanda ya ajiye littafin yaki ga Babban Kwamandan Yamma a La Roche-Guyon, von Hofacker ya yi aiki a wannan matsayi a matsayin 'ainihin shugaban ƙungiyar adawa a Yamma'. " Ya ji daɗin amincewar kwamandan soja, Janar na Sojoji Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel . Stülpnagel ya riga ya kasance wani ɓangare na Makircin Oster a kan [[Adolf Hitler]] a watan Satumbar 1938. Sauran mambobin makircin a cikin ma'aikatan gudanarwa na Janar Stülpnagel sune, Elmar Michel (shugaban sashen tattalin arziki, 1897-1977), Walter Bargatzky, Major Max Horst (ɗan surukin Janar [[Hans Speidel]]) Friedrich Freiherr von Teuchert (1902-1986), Gotthard von Falkenhausen (banki, 1899-1982) da Alkalin Rudolf Thierfelder .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Roland von Hoesslin |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/roland-von-hoesslin-2 |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref> Babban rawar da Hofacker ya taka a cikin abubuwan da suka kai ga yunkurin kisan Hitler a Wolf's Lair a ranar 20 ga Yulin 1944 ya kunshi aiki a matsayin mai hulɗa na sirri tsakanin dan uwansa, Claus Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg, da kuma wani mai makirci a cikin Paris da aka mamaye, Janar Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel, gwamnan soja na Faransa, wanda ya kasance mai ba da shawara. Hofacker ya kimanta damar yunkurin juyin mulki a matsayin "kashi goma kawai". Yana da ma'anar gabatarwa ga Field Marshal Erwin Rommel kamar yadda Rommel ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin mahaifin Hofacker a Yaƙin Duniya na I; Rommel ya ɗauki tsohon Hofacker wani abu ne na jarumi. Hofacker ya yi ƙoƙari ya jawo Rommel cikin makircin kawar da Hitler a [[Jamus]], amma kodayake Rommel ya ba da goyon bayansa ga makircin Rommel bai yarda cewa ya kamata a kashe Hitler ba. A ranar 26 ga Yulin 1944, an kama Hofacker a birnin Paris, an kai shi hedikwatar Gestapo ta [[Berlin]] inda, a cewar William Shirer a cikin The Rise and Fall of the 3rd Reich, an azabtar da shi sosai kuma ya ba da sunan Erwin Rommel, yana mai cewa Rommel ya ce "Ka gaya wa mutanen Berlin cewa za su iya dogaro da ni". Wannan ya kasance goyon baya ga makircin da za a yi wa Hitler, ba don kashe shi ba - duk da haka wannan bai bambanta da Hitler ba, wanda ya ba da umarnin tilasta wa Erwin Rommel kashe kansa da kuma jana'izar jarumi na ƙarya. An cire ikirarin azabtarwa kuma an gurfanar da Hofacker a gaban ''Volksgerichtshof''. An same shi da laifin cin amana kuma an yanke masa hukuncin kisa. An rataye shi a gidan yarin Plötzensee a Berlin. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1896]] 9wgztstvlom88dlh2ggnwgb4mrdpe82 0 129771 820836 765951 2026-04-13T15:03:21Z BnHamid 12586 820836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''BBC Television Shakespeare''''' jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin ne na Burtaniya na wasan kwaikwayon na [[William Shakespeare]], wanda Cedric Messina ya kirkira kuma BBC Television ta watsa shi. An watsa shi a Burtaniya daga 3 ga Disamba 1978 zuwa 27 ga Afrilu 1985, jerin sun kai yanayi bakwai da abubuwa talatin da bakwai. Ci gaban ya fara ne a shekara ta 1975 lokacin da Messina ta ga cewa filin Glamis Castle zai zama cikakkiyar wuri don daidaita Shakespeare's As You Like It for the Play of the Month series. Bayan ya dawo Landan, duk da haka, ya zo ya yi la'akari da dukan jerin da aka keɓe kawai ga ayyukan Shakespeare masu ban mamaki. Lokacin da ya gamu da martani mara kyau daga shugabannin sashen BBC, Messina ya wuce tashoshin da aka saba da su kuma ya dauki ra'ayinsa kai tsaye zuwa saman matsayi na BBC, wanda ya ba da haske ga wasan kwaikwayon. Da yake fuskantar matsalolin kudi, dabaru da masu kirkira a farkon kwanakin samarwa, Messina ta dage kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai samar da zartarwa na tsawon shekaru biyu. Lokacin da Jonathan Miller ya maye gurbinsa a farkon kakar wasa ta uku, wasan kwaikwayon ya sami wani abu na sake farfadowa yayin da aka saki tsauraran fassarorin daraktocin wasan kwaikwayon, manufofin sun ci gaba a karkashin Shaun Sutton, wanda ya zama babban furodusa na yanayi biyar, shida da bakwai. A ƙarshen tafiyarsa, jerin sun tabbatar da ƙididdiga da nasarar kuɗi. Da farko, gyare-gyaren sun sami sake dubawa mara kyau, kodayake karɓar ya inganta kadan yayin da jerin suka ci gaba, kuma an ba masu gudanarwa ƙarin 'yanci, wanda ya haifar da fassarorin da suka zama masu ƙarfin zuciya. Ana gudanar da abubuwa da yawa a yanzu da daraja sosai, musamman wasu daga cikin al'adun da ba a san su sosai ba kuma ba a yawan yin wasan kwaikwayo ba. Cikakken saiti sanannen tarin ne, kuma abubuwan da suka faru da yawa suna wakiltar kawai samar da wasan kwaikwayo na takamaiman wasan da ke samuwa a halin yanzu akan DVD. Daga 26 ga Mayu 2020, duk wasannin 37 sun kasance don gudana a Arewacin Amurka ta hanyar BritBox . [1] == Gabatarwa == Manufar jerin ta samo asali ne a cikin 1975 tare da Cedric Messina, mai gabatar da [[BBC]] wanda ya kware a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin na wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya, yayin da yake wurin Glamis Castle a Angus, Scotland, yana harbi da ya dace da J. M. Barrie's The Little Minister for the BBC's Play of the Month series. A lokacin da yake kan saiti, Messina ya fahimci cewa filin gidan zai zama cikakkiyar wuri don daidaitawa da Shakespeare's As You Like It . A lokacin da ya dawo Landan, ra'ayinsa ya girma sosai, kuma yanzu ya yi tunanin jerin da aka keɓe musamman ga aikin Shakespeare; jerin da za su daidaita dukkan wasannin Shakespeare talatin da bakwai. Kusan nan da nan bayan ya gabatar da ra'ayin ga abokan aikinsa, duk da haka, Messina ya fara fuskantar matsaloli. Ya yi tsammanin cewa kowa da kowa a cikin BBC zai yi farin ciki game da ra'ayin, amma wannan bai tabbatar da hakan ba. Musamman, sashen Drama / Plays ya ji cewa jerin ba za su iya zama nasarar kudi ba tare da tallace-tallace na kasa da kasa ba, wanda ba su ga yadda zai yiwu ba. Bugu da ƙari, sun yi jayayya cewa Shakespeare a talabijin ba ya aiki sosai, kuma sun yi tunanin cewa babu buƙatar yin dukkan wasannin talatin da bakwai, saboda da yawa ba su da tabbas kuma ba za su sami masu sauraro tsakanin jama'a ba, har ma a Burtaniya. Da yake ya yi takaici da rashin sha'awarsu, Messina ya tafi kan shugabannin sashen, ya tura shawararsa kai tsaye ga Darakta na Shirye-shiryen Alasdair Milne da Darakta Janar Ian Trethowan, dukansu biyu sun so ra'ayin. Kodayake har yanzu akwai ajiya a cikin BBC, kuma ba za a manta da shawarar Messina ta wuce tsarin da aka yarda da shi ba, tare da goyon bayan Milne da Trethowan, an tsara jerin, tare da faɗakarwa mai ban tsoro da aka goyi bayan shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na roƙonsa; "babban aiki ne, babu wanda zai iya yin shi, amma ya kamata a yi shi watanni da yawa a cikin samarwa, ɗan jarida Henry Fenwick ya rubuta aikin "mai ɗaukakawa ne na Burtaniya, da ɗaukaka BBC". === Shakespeare a kan BBC === BBC ta nuna sauye-sauyen Shakespeare da yawa a baya, kuma a shekara ta 1978, kawai wasan kwaikwayon da ba su nuna a cikin sauye-shiryen da aka yi don talabijin ba sune Henry VIII, Pericles, Timon na Athens, Titus Andronicus da The Two Gentlemen of Verona . [1] Koyaya, duk da wannan matakin gogewa, ba su taɓa samar da wani abu a kan sikelin Shakespeare Series ba. Shirin Shakespearean da aka yi don talabijin ya fara ne a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu 1937 tare da watsa shirye-shiryen kai tsaye na Dokar 3, Scene 2 Iago As You Like It, wanda Robert Atkins ya jagoranta, kuma Margaretta Scott a matsayin Rosalind da Ion Swinley a matsayin Orlando.[undefined] Daga baya a wannan maraice, an watsa shirye-shiryen Henry V, wanda George More O'Ferrall ya jagoranta, kuma Henry Oscar ya fito a matsayin Henry da Yvonne Arnaud a matsayin Katherine.[undefined] O'Ferrall zai kula da watsa shirye-shirye da yawa na abubuwan Shakespearean a cikin shekara ta 1937, gami da jawabin jana'izar Mark Antony daga Julius Kaisar, tare da Henry Oscar a matsayin Antony (11 ga Fabrairu), al'amuran da yawa tsakanin Benedick da Beatrice daga Much Ado About Nothing, wanda ke nuna Henry Oscar da Margaretta Scott (kuma 11 ga Fabrahu), al'amarin da yawa tsakanin Macbeth da Lady Macbeth daga Macbeth, tare da Laurence Olivier da Judith Anderson (25 ga Maris), da kuma wani nau'in Othello, Ce Ce Ceona Dagoway.[3][undefined][2][4] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} anhcq9px5wuycfth9f4juvbf7kkca24 0 130542 820788 767841 2026-04-13T14:24:32Z BnHamid 12586 820788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Norman Spector''' (an haife shi ranar 6 ga Maris, 1949) ɗan jaridar Kanada ne kuma tsohon jami'in diflomasiyya, ma'aikacin gwamnati, kuma mai bugawa jarida. == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haife shi a [[Montréal|Montreal]], [[Kebek (lardi)|Quebec]], Spector ya sami digiri na farko a fannin fasaha tare da girmamawa a fannin kimiyyar siyasa, daga [[Jami'ar McGill]] a shekarar 1970. An ba shi lambar yabo ta Woodrow Wilson Fellowship, ya sami digiri na Master of Philosophy a Kimiyya ta Siyasa daga Jami'ar Columbia a 1972 da Ph.D. a 1977. A shekara ta 1974, a matsayin Newhouse Fellow, ya sami digiri na Master of Science a Talabijin, Fim da Rediyo daga Jami'ar Syracuse . A shekara ta 1974-1975, Spector ya kasance malami a Kwalejin St. Paul na Jami'ar Ottawa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Norman Spector |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/author/norman-spector/ |access-date=2019-12-17 |website=HuffPost Canada |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyukan gwamnati == A shekara ta 1975, ya shiga aikin gwamnati na Ontario a Ma'aikatar Sufuri da Sadarwa kuma ya rike mukamai na Manajan, Darakta, da Babban Darakta. A shekara ta 1980, ya shiga aikin gwamnati na [[British Columbia]] yana aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare, Manufofin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Kasuwanci. Daga 1981 zuwa 1986, ya kasance Mataimakin Mataimakin Minista sannan kuma Mataimakin Ministar a [[Ofishin Firayim Minista (Kanada)|Ofishin Firayim Minista]] na Bill Bennett, inda ya ba da shawara a lokacin tattaunawar kundin tsarin mulki na 1981, sannan daga baya ya tattauna game da kawo karshen yajin aikin BCGEU na 1982 da kuma babban yajin aikin CB a 1983. Daga 1986 zuwa 1990, ya kasance Sakatare ga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Tarayya da Lardin a [[Ottawa]], inda yake da alhakin gudanar da alaƙar da ke tsakanin larduna a lokacin tattaunawar cinikayya ta Kanada da Amurka, taron ministoci na farko kan batutuwan tsarin mulki na Aboriginal, da kuma yarjejeniyar Meech Lake a watan Afrilu, 1987. Daga 1990 zuwa 1992, ya kasance Babban Ma'aikatan [[Brian Mulroney]] a Ofishin Firayim Minista a lokacin Yakin Gulf na farko da ƙarshen Rikicin Oka . Daga 1992 zuwa 1995, ya kasance Jakadan Kanada a [[Isra'ila]], Bayahude na farko na Kanada da ya rike mukamin, kuma Babban Kwamishinan [[Cyprus]]. Bayan an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Gaza-Jericho tsakanin shugabannin Isra'ila da Palasdinawa a shekarar 1994, ya zama wakilin Kanada na farko a Hukumar Falasdinawa. Daga 1995 zuwa 1996, ya kasance Shugaban Hukumar Kula da Kwarewar Atlantic Canada. == Ayyukan kamfanoni, masanin talabijin da marubucin jarida == Spector ya yi murabus daga aikin gwamnati a shekara ta 1996, kuma a lokacin da ya tashi The Globe and Mail ya wallafa cewa: "An cire mayafin karshe daga Hukumar Kula da Kwarewar Atlantic Canada a makon da ya gabata tare da tashiwar Norman Spector. An nada tsohon ma'aikacin gwamnati a matsayin shugaban hukumar ci gaban yankin Gabashin Gabashin Gabas ta Tarayya a shekarar da ta gabata don tsaftace ayyukan ACOA da kuma gyara sunanta mara kyau. " Ya zama Mataimakin Shugaban kasa, Harkokin Kasuwanci na Imperial Tobacco Limited a watan Satumbar 1996. A watan Janairun shekara ta 1997, an nada shi mai wallafa jaridar The Jerusalem Post . A cikin shekarun 1990s da 2000, ya bayyana a bangarorin talabijin da yawa a Turanci da Faransanci kuma ya rubuta wani shafi a cikin The Globe and Mail da Le Devoir . Yayinda yake a The Globe and Mail, Mista Spector ya rubuta "Me ya sa Ms. Harper ta shiga hira ta Kirsimeti ta CTV ta PM," inda ta ambaci wani tsohon marubucin jaridar Ottawa Citizen wanda ya ba da rahoton cewa "a Ottawa, harsuna suna yin wasa na tsawon shekaru biyu game da matsala a cikin auren siyasa daya. Ɗaya daga cikin abokan hulɗa yanzu an ce bai bar gida ba. "Ba ta sanya jaridu, aƙai ba tukuna. "The Globe and Mail ya cire shafin yanar gizon yanar gizon ta, yana mai cewa Spector ya kasa da "ka'idar edita game da daidaito, da daidaito".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Norman Spector |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/author/norman-spector/ |access-date=2019-12-17 |website=HuffPost Canada |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Norman Spector |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/author/norman-spector/ |access-date=2019-12-17 |website=HuffPost Canada |language=en}}</ref> Ya wallafa wani littafi, Chronicle of a War Foretold: How Mideast Peace Became America's Fight a shekara ta 2003 kuma, shekara guda bayan haka, ya rubuta game da kwarewarsa wajen aiki ga Mulroney a cikin Afterword to A Secret Trial - littafin William Kaplan na biyu game da abin da aka fi sani da batun Airbus. Spector ya bayyana a matsayin shaida a farkon shekara ta 2008 a taron Kwamitin Ka'idoji na Majalisar Dokoki na Kanada game da dangantakar da ke tsakanin Mulroney da mai fafutukar Jamusanci-Kanada Karlheinz Schreiber, wanda aka sani da sake dubawa game da yarjejeniyar Airbus. Wani bincike na jama'a, wanda Firayim Minista Stephen Harper ya kira, ya faru ne a kan wadannan batutuwa, biyo bayan sauraron Kwamitin Da'a.[1] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 42rf28l8henm69wu1mpjzkjq51yqbca 0 130648 821064 768052 2026-04-14T06:14:14Z BnHamid 12586 821064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Edwin Johannes Hildegard Linkomies''' (22 Disamba 1894 - 9 Satumba 1963, har zuwa 1928 ''Edwin Flinck) '' ya kasance [[Firayim Minista na Finland]] daga Maris 1943 zuwa Agusta 1944, kuma ɗaya daga cikin 'yan siyasa bakwai da aka yanke musu hukuncin shekaru biyar da rabi a kurkuku a matsayin wanda ke da alhakin Ci gaba da Yaƙi, bisa buƙatar [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] . An sake shi a shekarar 1948. Linkomies ya kasance sanannen masanin kimiyya na Fennoman, pro-rector (shugaban gudanarwa) na Jami'ar Helsinki daga 1932 zuwa 1943, rector daga 1956 zuwa 1962, kuma Shugaban Jami'ar Gwamnati daga 1962 har zuwa mutuwarsa. == Tarihin rayuwa == [[Fayil:Премьер-министр_Финляндии_Линкомиес_и_маршал_Маннергейм.jpg|thumb|Marshal Mannerheim da Firayim Minista Edwin Linkomies]] An haifi Linkomies a matsayin Edwin Flinck a kudu maso gabashin Finland na Viipuri, ɗan wani jami'in Sweden-Finnish wanda ya mutu jim kadan bayan haihuwar Edwin, amma Edwin ya girma a yammacin Finland a Rauma, a cikin yankin da ke magana da harshen Finnish na Finland. Ya yi aiki mai sauri da kyau a fannin ilimi: Ya kammala karatu yana da shekaru goma sha tara, ya rubuta rubutun sa yana da shekaru 22 a Jami'ar Helsinki, inda shekaru bakwai bayan haka aka nada shi [[farfesa]] kuma shugaban sashen wallafe-wallafen Latin. A halin yanzu, ya ci gaba da bincikensa a Jamus, a [[Jami'ar Leipzig|Leipzig]] da Halle. Zai ci gaba da hulɗa da jami'o'in Jamus har tsawon rayuwarsa; a matsayin malami da shugaban kimiyya an san shi da "Anglo-Saxon style" - bayyane da sauƙi a cikin gabatarwarsa, yana jaddada manyan layi maimakon cikakkun bayanai da banbanci - amma kuma a matsayin mai tsinkaye, mai iko, mai son mutuncin ofishinsa, kuma mai yiwuwa yana da tabbaci sosai. Linkomies ya kasance a hanyoyi da baka ''na karshe na irin sa.''. Mafi yawa, shi ne na ƙarshe a cikin dogon layin fitattun malaman Finnish waɗanda aka ɗauke su daga ilimi zuwa muhimman ayyukan siyasa. Amma shi ne kuma na karshe da ya ba da laccoci a cikin tufafin ilimi na yau da kullun, kuma na karshe don sa ran dalibai da ma'aikatan jami'a su yi wa shugaban sujada sosai. Ci gaban akidar Linkomies na iya zama mai ban mamaki ga tsararraki na gaba, amma a tsakanin tsaransa ba a taɓa jin cewa ya kasance mai kishin ƙasa, mai adawa da Scandinavian, mai ra'ayin mulkin mallaka, mai adawar Socialist, da mai adawa le dimokuradiyya, kawai don raba waɗannan ra'ayoyin ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Tarihinsa ya bayyana mamakinsa game da yadda rabin Socialist na yawan mutanen Finland ya zama masu kare kishin kasa kamar wadanda ba Socialists ba bayan harin Soviet Union a watan Nuwamba 1939. A cewar nasa labarin, ya kasance daya daga cikin Finns na farko da ya fahimci yanayin damuwa na Nazis - aƙalla tsakanin 'yan uwansa Conservatives. A lokacin rikici, yawancin maganganun Linkomies da ƙarfin siyasa an yi amfani da su ne a kan Finns masu magana da Yaren mutanen Sweden, da kuma ragowar gata da rinjaye a cikin al'ummar Finland; amma kuma a kan Sweden da Scandinavia, wanda ya ɗauka a matsayin Socialist kuma yana da sha'awar mamaye Finland. Koyaya, a cikin shekarun 1950, bayan takaici game da iyakantaccen goyon bayan Sweden a lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe, ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga hulɗar Arewa da musayar al'adu, kuma ana iya ba da shi ga aƙalla warkarwa tsakanin Conservatives a Finland da Scandinavia, wanda ke da asali a cikin fennomania da Rikicin Åland. Binciken rawar da Linkomies ke takawa a matsayin dan siyasa yana da rikitarwa saboda gaskiyar cewa ya kasance, a kalla lokuta biyu masu mahimmanci a tarihin Finland da gangan ya yi magana kuma ya yi aiki da kansa, idan an yarda mutum ya yi imani da labarinsa a cikin tarihinsa. * A farkon shekarun 1930, ya yi jayayya cewa burinsa shine ya jagoranci jam'iyyar Conservative ta Finland, Kokoomus, a cikin hanyar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] bayan da ta haɗu da ƙungiyar Lapua Movement. Amma don cimma wannan, ya bayyana ya dace da ƙananan mugunta na [[Tsarin majalisa|adawa da majalisa]], adawa da zamantakewa al'umma, da kuma mulkin mallaka. * A lokacin Ci gaba da Yakin, bayan da aka ci Wehrmacht a Stalingrad, an nada shi Firayim Minista tare da zaman lafiya a saman ajanda, amma ba a cikin ayyuka ko a cikin kalmomi ba gwamnati da ke karkashin jagorancinsa da shugaban Ryti za su bayyana wannan manufar, suna tsoron yawancin Finns ba su shirya ba, kuma Jamusanci har yanzu suna da ƙarfi sosai. Bugu da ƙari, bai yi ƙarfin hali ya kafa hulɗa tare da karuwar adawa da yaƙin ba, kuma kawai da hankali da jinkiri tare da ƙasashe waɗanda watakila za su kasance da niyyar tallafawa tsarin zaman lafiya, musamman [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], [[Sweden]], da [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]], idan suna da amincewa da sha'awar Finland na zaman lafiya. == Ofisoshin == * Ma'aikatar Linkomies == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mxou9hp8pjkr0rdbun3a9t8zyenwqj9 0 131464 820803 769892 2026-04-13T14:34:33Z BnHamid 12586 820803 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jeffrey Allen Torborg''' (26 ga Nuwamba, 1941 - 19 ga Janairu, 2025) ƙwararren mai kama ƙwallon baseball ne na Amurka kuma manaja . Ya buga wasa a Major League Baseball (MLB) ga Los Angeles Dodgers da California Angels daga 1964 zuwa 1973. Ya jagoranci Cleveland Indians, Chicago White Sox, New York Mets, Montreal Expos, da [[Miami Marlins|Florida Marlins]] . == Sana'ar wasa == Torborg ya girma a Westfield, New Jersey, inda ya kasance mai kama ƙwallon baseball a ƙungiyar ƙwallon baseball ta Westfield High School . Ya halarci Jami'ar Rutgers kuma ya buga ƙwallon baseball ta kwaleji ga Rutgers Scarlet Knights daga 1961 zuwa 1963. A shekarar 1963, Torborg yana da matsakaicin bugun .537 kuma an ba shi suna All-American . <ref name="sabr">{{Cite web |last=Best |first=Jason |title=Jeff Torborg – Society for American Baseball Research |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/jeff-torborg/}}</ref> [[Fayil:Jeff_Torborg_with_the_Dodgers,_1964_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb|Torborg tare da Dodgers a shekarar 1964]] Kungiyar Los Angeles Dodgers ta dauki Torborg a matsayin mai tsaron gida a shekarar 1963. Bayan ta buga wasa a kananan kungiyoyi a shekarar 1963, Torborg ta shiga jerin 'yan wasan Dodgers a matsayin mai kama 'yan wasa na uku a shekarar 1964 bayan John Roseboro da Doug Camilli . A ranar 9 ga Satumba, 1965, Torborg ta kama wasan Sandy Koufax mai kyau . <ref name="sabr">{{Cite web |last=Best |first=Jason |title=Jeff Torborg – Society for American Baseball Research |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/jeff-torborg/}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Yuli, 1970, shi ne mai kama 'yan wasa da Bill Singer ba ya buga 'yan wasa. A ranar 13 ga Maris, 1971, Dodgers ta sayar da kwangilar Torborg ga California Angels . A ranar 15 ga Mayu, 1973, Torborg ta kuma kama ɗan wasa na farko daga cikin ' yan wasa bakwai na Nolan Ryan waɗanda ba su buga ba, wanda hakan ya sa Torborg ta zama ɗan wasa na biyu da ya kama ɗan wasa ba tare da buga ba a gasar biyu. Gus Triandos shi ne na farko da ya kama ɗan wasa ba tare da buga ba tare da Hoyt Wilhelm tare da Orioles na AL a 1958 kuma yana bayan ƙungiyar wasan Jim Bunning mai kyau tare da Phillies na NL a 1964. <ref name="sabr">{{Cite web |last=Best |first=Jason |title=Jeff Torborg – Society for American Baseball Research |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/jeff-torborg/}}</ref> An yi ciniki da shi daga Angels zuwa St. Louis Cardinals don John Andrews a taron hunturu a ranar 6 ga Disamba, 1973. A ranar 25 ga Maris, 1974, Cardinals ta sake shi. <ref name="sabr" /> == Aikin koyarwa, gudanarwa, da watsa shirye-shirye == A shekarar 1977, Torborg ya zama kocin Cleveland Indians . A ranar 19 ga Yuni, Indiyawan sun kori kocin Frank Robinson kuma Torborg ya karɓi matsayin. <ref>Merkin, Scott. [http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20100529&content_id=10576124&notebook_id=10576130&vkey=notebook_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb "Ozzie takes fine in stride"] {{Webarchive}}, [[Major League Baseball]], May 30, 2010. Accessed March 5, 2011. "Torborg was a three-year starting catcher at Westfield High School and an All-American at Rutgers."</ref> Wasanni biyu na farko na Torborg a matsayin kocin babban lig sun zo ne a wannan ranar a wasan da suka yi da Detroit Tigers, inda Cleveland ta doke Tigers a wasanni biyu, 4-2 da 4-0. Indians na Torborg sun ci gaba da cin nasara a wasanni bakwai na farko a matsayin kocin Cleveland, wanda hakan ya ƙara yawan nasarorin da Indians suka samu zuwa wasanni tara kafin ƙungiyar ta sha kashi a hannun Detroit da ci 6-4 a filin wasa na Tiger a ranar 25 ga Yuni. Torborg ya riƙe matsayin kocin Indians na tsawon shekaru uku, inda ya tattara rikodin 157-201. Ya kasance koci a ƙungiyar [[New York Yankees]] daga 1979 zuwa 1988. A shekarar 1989, Torborg ya bar Yankees ya zama kocin Chicago White Sox . <ref>Merkin, Scott. [http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20100529&content_id=10576124&notebook_id=10576130&vkey=notebook_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb "Ozzie takes fine in stride"] {{Webarchive}}, [[Major League Baseball]], May 30, 2010. Accessed March 5, 2011. "Torborg was a three-year starting catcher at Westfield High School and an All-American at Rutgers."</ref> Shekara guda bayan ya hau kan mulki, White Sox ta lashe wasanni 94, wanda hakan ya kasance ci gaba na wasanni 25 idan aka kwatanta da kakar wasa ta 1989 da ƙungiyar ta yi. Saboda ƙoƙarinsa a gasar White Sox ta 1990, Torborg ta lashe kyautar Manajan Shekara ta Amurka . Torborg ya ci gaba da zama tare da White Sox na tsawon shekara ɗaya kafin ya koma New York Mets kan yarjejeniyar shekaru huɗu ta dala miliyan 1.7 wanda ya ninka yarjejeniyar da ya yi a baya ta dala 250,000 a shekara. <ref>Merkin, Scott. [http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20100529&content_id=10576124&notebook_id=10576130&vkey=notebook_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb "Ozzie takes fine in stride"] {{Webarchive}}, [[Major League Baseball]], May 30, 2010. Accessed March 5, 2011. "Torborg was a three-year starting catcher at Westfield High School and an All-American at Rutgers."</ref> Shekara guda bayan jagorantar White Sox zuwa rikodin rashin nasara da nasara na 87–75 (.537), ƙungiyar Torborg ta New York Mets ta 1992 ta buga rikodin 70–92 (.432) . Bayan fara kakar wasa ta 1993 da rikodin 13–25 (.342), Mets ta kori Torborg ta maye gurbinsa da Dallas Green . Torborg ya auri Suzie Barber a ranar 6 ga Yuni, 1963. <ref name="sabr">{{Cite web |last=Best |first=Jason |title=Jeff Torborg – Society for American Baseball Research |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/jeff-torborg/}}</ref> Fiye da shekaru 25, Torborg ya zauna tare da iyalinsa a wani gida a Mountainside, New Jersey . ==Manazarta== R [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1941]] rxi5dpbx8uenotkmamwa5zhgsva33jv 820804 820803 2026-04-13T14:34:46Z BnHamid 12586 820804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jeffrey Allen Torborg''' (26 ga Nuwamba, 1941 - 19 ga Janairu, 2025) ƙwararren mai kama ƙwallon baseball ne na Amurka kuma manaja . Ya buga wasa a Major League Baseball (MLB) ga Los Angeles Dodgers da California Angels daga 1964 zuwa 1973. Ya jagoranci Cleveland Indians, Chicago White Sox, New York Mets, Montreal Expos, da [[Miami Marlins|Florida Marlins]] . == Sana'ar wasa == Torborg ya girma a Westfield, New Jersey, inda ya kasance mai kama ƙwallon baseball a ƙungiyar ƙwallon baseball ta Westfield High School . Ya halarci Jami'ar Rutgers kuma ya buga ƙwallon baseball ta kwaleji ga Rutgers Scarlet Knights daga 1961 zuwa 1963. A shekarar 1963, Torborg yana da matsakaicin bugun .537 kuma an ba shi suna All-American . <ref name="sabr">{{Cite web |last=Best |first=Jason |title=Jeff Torborg – Society for American Baseball Research |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/jeff-torborg/}}</ref> [[Fayil:Jeff_Torborg_with_the_Dodgers,_1964_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb|Torborg tare da Dodgers a shekarar 1964]] Kungiyar Los Angeles Dodgers ta dauki Torborg a matsayin mai tsaron gida a shekarar 1963. Bayan ta buga wasa a kananan kungiyoyi a shekarar 1963, Torborg ta shiga jerin 'yan wasan Dodgers a matsayin mai kama 'yan wasa na uku a shekarar 1964 bayan John Roseboro da Doug Camilli . A ranar 9 ga Satumba, 1965, Torborg ta kama wasan Sandy Koufax mai kyau . <ref name="sabr">{{Cite web |last=Best |first=Jason |title=Jeff Torborg – Society for American Baseball Research |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/jeff-torborg/}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Yuli, 1970, shi ne mai kama 'yan wasa da Bill Singer ba ya buga 'yan wasa. A ranar 13 ga Maris, 1971, Dodgers ta sayar da kwangilar Torborg ga California Angels . A ranar 15 ga Mayu, 1973, Torborg ta kuma kama ɗan wasa na farko daga cikin ' yan wasa bakwai na Nolan Ryan waɗanda ba su buga ba, wanda hakan ya sa Torborg ta zama ɗan wasa na biyu da ya kama ɗan wasa ba tare da buga ba a gasar biyu. Gus Triandos shi ne na farko da ya kama ɗan wasa ba tare da buga ba tare da Hoyt Wilhelm tare da Orioles na AL a 1958 kuma yana bayan ƙungiyar wasan Jim Bunning mai kyau tare da Phillies na NL a 1964. <ref name="sabr">{{Cite web |last=Best |first=Jason |title=Jeff Torborg – Society for American Baseball Research |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/jeff-torborg/}}</ref> An yi ciniki da shi daga Angels zuwa St. Louis Cardinals don John Andrews a taron hunturu a ranar 6 ga Disamba, 1973. A ranar 25 ga Maris, 1974, Cardinals ta sake shi. <ref name="sabr" /> == Aikin koyarwa, gudanarwa, da watsa shirye-shirye == A shekarar 1977, Torborg ya zama kocin Cleveland Indians . A ranar 19 ga Yuni, Indiyawan sun kori kocin Frank Robinson kuma Torborg ya karɓi matsayin. <ref>Merkin, Scott. [http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20100529&content_id=10576124&notebook_id=10576130&vkey=notebook_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb "Ozzie takes fine in stride"] {{Webarchive}}, [[Major League Baseball]], May 30, 2010. Accessed March 5, 2011. "Torborg was a three-year starting catcher at Westfield High School and an All-American at Rutgers."</ref> Wasanni biyu na farko na Torborg a matsayin kocin babban lig sun zo ne a wannan ranar a wasan da suka yi da Detroit Tigers, inda Cleveland ta doke Tigers a wasanni biyu, 4-2 da 4-0. Indians na Torborg sun ci gaba da cin nasara a wasanni bakwai na farko a matsayin kocin Cleveland, wanda hakan ya ƙara yawan nasarorin da Indians suka samu zuwa wasanni tara kafin ƙungiyar ta sha kashi a hannun Detroit da ci 6-4 a filin wasa na Tiger a ranar 25 ga Yuni. Torborg ya riƙe matsayin kocin Indians na tsawon shekaru uku, inda ya tattara rikodin 157-201. Ya kasance koci a ƙungiyar [[New York Yankees]] daga 1979 zuwa 1988. A shekarar 1989, Torborg ya bar Yankees ya zama kocin Chicago White Sox . <ref>Merkin, Scott. [http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20100529&content_id=10576124&notebook_id=10576130&vkey=notebook_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb "Ozzie takes fine in stride"] {{Webarchive}}, [[Major League Baseball]], May 30, 2010. Accessed March 5, 2011. "Torborg was a three-year starting catcher at Westfield High School and an All-American at Rutgers."</ref> Shekara guda bayan ya hau kan mulki, White Sox ta lashe wasanni 94, wanda hakan ya kasance ci gaba na wasanni 25 idan aka kwatanta da kakar wasa ta 1989 da ƙungiyar ta yi. Saboda ƙoƙarinsa a gasar White Sox ta 1990, Torborg ta lashe kyautar Manajan Shekara ta Amurka . Torborg ya ci gaba da zama tare da White Sox na tsawon shekara ɗaya kafin ya koma New York Mets kan yarjejeniyar shekaru huɗu ta dala miliyan 1.7 wanda ya ninka yarjejeniyar da ya yi a baya ta dala 250,000 a shekara. <ref>Merkin, Scott. [http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20100529&content_id=10576124&notebook_id=10576130&vkey=notebook_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb "Ozzie takes fine in stride"] {{Webarchive}}, [[Major League Baseball]], May 30, 2010. Accessed March 5, 2011. "Torborg was a three-year starting catcher at Westfield High School and an All-American at Rutgers."</ref> Shekara guda bayan jagorantar White Sox zuwa rikodin rashin nasara da nasara na 87–75 (.537), ƙungiyar Torborg ta New York Mets ta 1992 ta buga rikodin 70–92 (.432) . Bayan fara kakar wasa ta 1993 da rikodin 13–25 (.342), Mets ta kori Torborg ta maye gurbinsa da Dallas Green . Torborg ya auri Suzie Barber a ranar 6 ga Yuni, 1963. <ref name="sabr">{{Cite web |last=Best |first=Jason |title=Jeff Torborg – Society for American Baseball Research |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/jeff-torborg/}}</ref> Fiye da shekaru 25, Torborg ya zauna tare da iyalinsa a wani gida a Mountainside, New Jersey . ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1941]] bmc1ukxt7opbycvr2siq45y1t898rbd 0 131583 821031 770164 2026-04-14T06:02:43Z BnHamid 12586 821031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Arthur Bernard Frommer''' / / ˈfroʊmər / ) ( 17 ga Yuli, 1929 - 18 ga Nuwamba, 2024) marubuci ne na balaguro ɗan Amurka wanda aka san shi da kafa alamar jagorar balaguro ta Frommer . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Arthur Bernard Frommer a ranar 17 ga Yuli, 1929, a Lynchburg, Virginia, ɗan Pauline (Abrams) da Nathan Frommer. Iyayensa baƙi ne na Yahudawa, mahaifinsa daga Austria kuma mahaifiyarsa daga Poland. Ya yi shekarunsa na farko a Jefferson City, Missouri, kafin shi da iyalinsa suka ƙaura zuwa [[New York (birni)|New York City]] lokacin yana ɗan shekara 14. <ref name="Vitello" /> Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Erasmus Hall da ke Brooklyn, sannan ya tafi Jami'ar New York a shekarar 1950 da digirin kimiyyar siyasa. <ref name="Vitello" /> Ya kammala karatunsa da girmamawa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Yale, inda ya kasance editan ''Jaridar Shari'a ta Yale'', a shekarar 1953. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Cheap Is Still Better, Claims Travel Budgeteer Arthur Frommer, but Europe Costs $10 a Day Now |url=https://people.com/archive/cheap-is-still-better-claims-travel-budgeteer-arthur-frommer-but-europe-costs-10-a-day-now-vol-6-no-5/ |access-date=2019-01-13 |website=PEOPLE.com |language=en}}</ref> == Sana'a == An tura Frommer cikin rundunar sojojin Amurka a lokacin Yaƙin Koriya . [1] Maimakon a tura shi Koriya, an tura shi Turai saboda ƙwarewarsa ta harshe. [2] A shekarar 1955, yayin da yake aiki a Jamus, Frommer ya rubuta kuma ya buga littafin jagora mai suna Jagorar GI don Tafiya a Turai . [2] Ya sayar da bugunsa na farko. A shekarar 1957, Frommer ya biyo baya da wani sigar farar hula mai suna ''Turai akan Dala 5 a Rana'', wanda ya shafi manyan biranen Turai. Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin jagororin tafiye-tafiye mafi sayarwa a kowane lokaci. Tsawon shekaru biyar, Frommer ya yi aiki da shari'a kuma ya faɗaɗa daularsa ta buga littattafan jagora. A matsayinsa na lauya, ya yi aiki a Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton da Garrison kuma yana da hannu a shari'o'in haƙƙin ruwa a Yammacin Amurka, da kuma kare littafin DH Lawrence mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce mai suna ''Lady Chatterley's Lover'' a kan Ofishin Wasikun Amurka (shari'ar Kwaskwarima ta Farko ). A shekarar 1962, Frommer ya kafa kamfanin yawon buɗe ido na $5-a-Day Tours, Inc. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Cheap Is Still Better, Claims Travel Budgeteer Arthur Frommer, but Europe Costs $10 a Day Now |url=https://people.com/archive/cheap-is-still-better-claims-travel-budgeteer-arthur-frommer-but-europe-costs-10-a-day-now-vol-6-no-5/ |access-date=2019-01-13 |website=PEOPLE.com |language=en}}</ref> Ya kuma bar aikin lauya a shekarar 1961 don ci gaba da harkokin tafiye-tafiyensa, Arthur Frommer International, Inc., <ref name="Vitello" /> wanda shi ne shugaba kuma shugaban ƙasa har zuwa 1981. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A shekarar 1997, wani mawallafi mai suna IDG (wanda daga baya aka sani da Hungry Minds) ya kawo Arthur Frommer don ƙirƙirar Frommers.com. <ref name="Frommers.com">{{Cite web |title=Frommers |url=https://www.frommers.com/}}</ref> Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin shafukan tafiye-tafiye na farko a yanar gizo kuma ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin samun bayanai na tafiye-tafiye marasa son kai, waɗanda aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar 'yan jarida, yana samun miliyoyin ra'ayoyi a kowane wata. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Bayan auren Frommer da Hope Arthur ya ƙare da saki, ya auri Roberta Brodfield a shekarar 1994. Yana da 'ya mace ɗaya da 'ya'ya mata biyu na miji. Ya mutu sakamakon matsalolin [[ciwon huhu]] a gidansa da ke Manhattan's Upper West Side a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, 2024, yana da shekaru 95. <ref name="Vitello" /> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2024]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1929]] dh3sufgva09u5z60h1gsavg8njahqum 821032 821031 2026-04-14T06:02:59Z BnHamid 12586 821032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Arthur Bernard Frommer''' / / ˈfroʊmər / ) ( 17 ga Yuli, 1929 - 18 ga Nuwamba, 2024) marubuci ne na balaguro ɗan Amurka wanda aka san shi da kafa alamar jagorar balaguro ta Frommer . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Arthur Bernard Frommer a ranar 17 ga Yuli, 1929, a Lynchburg, Virginia, ɗan Pauline (Abrams) da Nathan Frommer. Iyayensa baƙi ne na Yahudawa, mahaifinsa daga Austria kuma mahaifiyarsa daga Poland. Ya yi shekarunsa na farko a Jefferson City, Missouri, kafin shi da iyalinsa suka ƙaura zuwa [[New York (birni)|New York City]] lokacin yana ɗan shekara 14. <ref name="Vitello" /> Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Erasmus Hall da ke Brooklyn, sannan ya tafi Jami'ar New York a shekarar 1950 da digirin kimiyyar siyasa. <ref name="Vitello" /> Ya kammala karatunsa da girmamawa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Yale, inda ya kasance editan ''Jaridar Shari'a ta Yale'', a shekarar 1953. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Cheap Is Still Better, Claims Travel Budgeteer Arthur Frommer, but Europe Costs $10 a Day Now |url=https://people.com/archive/cheap-is-still-better-claims-travel-budgeteer-arthur-frommer-but-europe-costs-10-a-day-now-vol-6-no-5/ |access-date=2019-01-13 |website=PEOPLE.com |language=en}}</ref> == Sana'a == An tura Frommer cikin rundunar sojojin Amurka a lokacin Yaƙin Koriya . [1] Maimakon a tura shi Koriya, an tura shi Turai saboda ƙwarewarsa ta harshe. [2] A shekarar 1955, yayin da yake aiki a Jamus, Frommer ya rubuta kuma ya buga littafin jagora mai suna Jagorar GI don Tafiya a Turai . [2] Ya sayar da bugunsa na farko. A shekarar 1957, Frommer ya biyo baya da wani sigar farar hula mai suna ''Turai akan Dala 5 a Rana'', wanda ya shafi manyan biranen Turai. Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin jagororin tafiye-tafiye mafi sayarwa a kowane lokaci. Tsawon shekaru biyar, Frommer ya yi aiki da shari'a kuma ya faɗaɗa daularsa ta buga littattafan jagora. A matsayinsa na lauya, ya yi aiki a Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton da Garrison kuma yana da hannu a shari'o'in haƙƙin ruwa a Yammacin Amurka, da kuma kare littafin DH Lawrence mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce mai suna ''Lady Chatterley's Lover'' a kan Ofishin Wasikun Amurka (shari'ar Kwaskwarima ta Farko ). A shekarar 1962, Frommer ya kafa kamfanin yawon buɗe ido na $5-a-Day Tours, Inc. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Cheap Is Still Better, Claims Travel Budgeteer Arthur Frommer, but Europe Costs $10 a Day Now |url=https://people.com/archive/cheap-is-still-better-claims-travel-budgeteer-arthur-frommer-but-europe-costs-10-a-day-now-vol-6-no-5/ |access-date=2019-01-13 |website=PEOPLE.com |language=en}}</ref> Ya kuma bar aikin lauya a shekarar 1961 don ci gaba da harkokin tafiye-tafiyensa, Arthur Frommer International, Inc., <ref name="Vitello" /> wanda shi ne shugaba kuma shugaban ƙasa har zuwa 1981. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A shekarar 1997, wani mawallafi mai suna IDG (wanda daga baya aka sani da Hungry Minds) ya kawo Arthur Frommer don ƙirƙirar Frommers.com. <ref name="Frommers.com">{{Cite web |title=Frommers |url=https://www.frommers.com/}}</ref> Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin shafukan tafiye-tafiye na farko a yanar gizo kuma ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin samun bayanai na tafiye-tafiye marasa son kai, waɗanda aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar 'yan jarida, yana samun miliyoyin ra'ayoyi a kowane wata. Bayan auren Frommer da Hope Arthur ya ƙare da saki, ya auri Roberta Brodfield a shekarar 1994. Yana da 'ya mace ɗaya da 'ya'ya mata biyu na miji. Ya mutu sakamakon matsalolin [[ciwon huhu]] a gidansa da ke Manhattan's Upper West Side a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, 2024, yana da shekaru 95. <ref name="Vitello" /> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2024]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1929]] i8ezkofpj5part7ddya77973zj0oldm 0 132222 821060 771595 2026-04-14T06:12:23Z BnHamid 12586 821060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Merkel-Raute''''' (Jamusanci don "Merkel rhombus"), wanda ake kira '''Lu'u-lu'u na Merkel''', Triangle of Power, ko kuma kawai, Merkel Hands, ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai masu magana da Ingilishi, alama ce ta hannu da aka yi ta hanyar hutawa hannayen mutum a gaban ciki don yatsunsu su hadu, tare da yatsunsu da yatsunansu suna samar da siffar quadrangular. Wannan alamar sa hannu ta [[Angela Merkel]], tsohon Shugaban Jamus, an bayyana ta a matsayin "watakila daya daga cikin alamun hannu da aka fi sani a duniya".<ref name="guardian" /> Da aka tambaye ta yadda aka gabatar da ''Merkel-Raute'' a matsayin alamar kasuwancin ta, Merkel ta bayyana cewa "ko da yaushe akwai tambaya, abin da za a yi da hannunka, kuma wannan shine yadda ya faru. " Ta zaɓi alamar ba tare da mai ba da shawara ya taimaka mata ba saboda "ya ƙunshi wani daidaituwa". == Amfani da magoya baya da abokan adawar == [[Fayil:Dmitry_Medvedev_at_the_34th_G8_Summit_7-9_July_2008-43.jpg|thumb|Firayim Ministan Burtaniya na lokacin [[Gordon Brown]] (hagu) a lokacin taron koli na 34 na G8 a 2008, tare da hannayensa kamar haka]] An yi amfani da wannan alama da farko don yin ba'a ga Angela Merkel da gwamnatinta. Mafi mahimmanci, ana samunsa tare da masu wasan kwaikwayo da ke nuna ta, tare da jaket masu launi da ake ganinta da ita. A cikin shirin [[Jan Philipp Gloger]] na The Flying Dutchman, wanda aka fara a lokacin Bikin Bayreuth na 2013, ana amfani da Merkel-Raute a matsayin zargi na jari-hujja: A lokacin wasan kwaikwayon, ana nuna alamar a matsayin alamar bambancin ba tare da suna ba, masu haɗin kai na bankunan da manajoji. Lokacin da jam'iyyarta ta yi amfani da ita (Kirista Democratic Union mai ra'ayin mazan jiya), an yi amfani da wannan alama a matsayin alama ta siyasa ga shugabancin Merkel (wanda ake zaton) ba tare da damuwa ba. A ranar 2 ga Satumba 2013, ''Ruwa'' da ƙarshen kamfen ɗin don German_federal_election" id="mwTg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2013 German federal election">Zaben tarayya na 2013, CDU ta bayyana babbar tutar gaishe matafiya a Berlin Hauptbahnhof, wanda aka nuna a bangarori biyu na ginin otal da ake ginawa, yana ɗaukar jimlar sarari kusan mita 2,400 (26,000 sq . Hoton hoto ya ƙunshi hotuna 2,150 na hannun magoya bayan CDU kuma ba ya nuna komai sai hannayen Merkel da ke samar da Raute, kusa da taken " (Put) makomar Jamus a hannun kirki" (Jamusanci: Deutschlands Zukunft in guten Händen).<ref name="spon" /> A cewar Hermann Gröhe, manajan yakin neman zabe na CDU, allon talla zai "yi kama da saƙon zabenmu".<ref name="spon" />  'Yan siyasa na' yan adawa sun soki babban allon talla na kamfen a matsayin misali na "mummunan Addinin mutum", suna kiransa "style na [[Cuba|Cuban]]". Jaridar Berlin Der Tagesspiegel ta yi amfani da laƙabi na Merkel marar haihuwa ''Mutti'' ("mahaifiyar") tare da waka ta Kurt Tucholsky ''Mutters Hände'' ("Hannun Uwa", wanda ke bayyana hannayen tsohuwar mace mai mutuwa) don nuna cewa ba shi da kyau ga 'yan siyasa su kasance da alama ɗaya kawai. <ref name="guardian" /> [[Fayil:Merkel_hand_mosaic.jpg|alt=A 2013 CDU billboard near the Berlin Hauptbahnhof uses a mosaic of supporters' photographs to depict the Merkel-Raute.|thumb|Wani allon talla na CDU na 2013 kusa da Berlin Hauptbahnhof yana amfani da hotunan magoya baya don nuna Merkel-Raute.]] Baya ga allon talla, an kuma yi amfani da Merkel-Raute a cikin sauran kokarin kamfen na CDU. Ƙungiyar Matasa (Junge Union ko JU a cikin Jamusanci), reshen matasa na CDU, sun shirya flashmobs inda membobin suka taru a cikin da'ira yayin da suke kwaikwayon alamar a wurare da yawa na jama'a a Jamus.[1][2] Har ila yau, ya samar da posters wanda ke nuna wani salo na Merkel-Raute sama da kalmomin "Cool bleiben und Kanzlerin wählen" ("Ku kwantar da hankali ku zabi Chancellor") wasa a kan taken yakin Birtaniya Ku kwantar da hankalinsu kuma Ku ci gaba; an kuma sanya waɗannan posters a cikin nau'ikan tufafi daban-daban, kamar T-shirts da hoodies.[3][4] TeAM Deutschland, ƙungiyar kamfen ɗin CDU, ta yi amfani da wannan fasalin don wakiltar Merkel a shafin yanar gizon ta tun farkon Maris 2013.[5] Har ila yau, Ƙungiyar Daliban Demokradiyya ta Kirista (Ring Christlich-Demokratischer Studenten ko RCDS a cikin Jamusanci), ƙungiyar ɗalibai da ke da alaƙa da CDU, ta kirkiro shafin yanar gizon "Studenten für Merkel" ("Students for Merkel") wanda ke nuna hotunan ɗaliban jami'a suna kwaikwayon Merkel-Raute tare da taken "Ich wähle Angie! Und du?" ("Ina jefa kuri'a ga Angie! Kuma ku?"), wanda aka ƙarfafa masu karatu su ɗora hotunan su.[6] CDU ta dawo da Merkel-Raute don Yaƙin neman zaɓe na 2017. Raute yana da kyau a shafin yanar gizon don magoya bayansa, "Ich排ze Merkel" <ref>{{cite news |date=6 September 2013 |title=One huge election poster and one pricey footballer |url=http://www.thelocal.de/national/20130906-51799.html |access-date=8 September 2013 |newspaper=[[The Local]]}}</ref> ("Ina goyon bayan Merkel"). Gidan yanar gizon yana amfani da taken "Ina son Raute", tare da tambarin da ya kunshi "I ❤" wanda ya biyo bayan Raute mai kama da wanda teAM Deutschland ta yi amfani da shi a cikin 2013.<ref name="teAM">{{Cite web |title=Startseite |url=http://www.team.cdu.de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301001407/http://www.team.cdu.de/ |archive-date=1 March 2013 |access-date=9 August 2014 |website=teAM Deutschland |ref=teAM}}</ref> Yana ƙarfafa magoya baya su loda hotunan kansu da aka yi wa ado da tambarin da aka ambata a sama.<ref name="galerie">{{Cite web |title=Galerie |url=https://www.unterstuetzt-merkel.de/galerie |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830165719/https://www.unterstuetzt-merkel.de/galerie |archive-date=30 August 2017 |access-date=30 August 2017 |website=Ich unterstütze Merkel |publisher=CDU |ref=galerie}}</ref> CDU ta kuma yi abubuwa kamar alkalami, kofuna, takalma, da jaka tare da wannan tambarin don sayarwa a babban shafin yanar gizon ta.<ref name="shop2017">{{Cite web |title=CDU Onlineshop |url=https://www.shop.cdu.de/Unterstuetzer-Kampagne/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830165448/https://www.shop.cdu.de/Unterstuetzer-Kampagne/ |archive-date=30 August 2017 |access-date=30 August 2017 |website=CDU Onlineshop |publisher=CDU |ref=shop2017}}</ref> CDU ta kuma karɓi emoticon '''<>''' da ke nuni da Merkel-Raute a matsayin alama ce ta Merkel a cikin sadarwar Intanet, har ma bayan ƙarshen kamfen ɗin zaben 2013.<ref name="CDUFB">{{Cite web |title=CDU's photos |url=http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10151927427955415&set=pb.78502295414.-2207520000.1388744608.&type=3&src=http%3A%2F%2Fsphotos-h.ak.fbcdn.net%2Fhphotos-ak-frc3%2F1490795_10151927427955415_569715904_o.jpg&smallsrc=http%3A%2F%2Fsphotos-h.ak.fbcdn.net%2Fhphotos-ak-ash4%2F1510382_10151927427955415_569715904_n.jpg&size=2048%2C2048 |access-date=3 January 2014 |publisher=CDU}}</ref><ref name="CDUshop">{{Cite web |title=Gewinnen Sie eine Tasche aus dem CDU-Shop! |url=http://www.cdu.de/gewinnspiel |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104001106/http://www.cdu.de/gewinnspiel |archive-date=4 January 2014 |access-date=3 January 2014 |website=CDU.de |publisher=CDU}}</ref> Har ila yau, ta yi amfani da emoticon a ƙarshen bidiyonta na ƙarshen shekara ta 2013, da kuma taya Merkel murna a [[Twitter]] a ranar haihuwarta ta sittin a ranar 17 ga Yuli 2014. <ref name="CDU YouTube">{{Cite web |date=18 December 2013 |title=2013 in Bildern - der CDU.TV-Jahresrückblick |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pXr3bIvKv8#t=4m03s |access-date=3 January 2014 |website=YouTube - cdutv |publisher=CDU}}</ref><ref name="twitter">{{Cite web |date=17 July 2014 |title=Twitter / CDU: <> |url=https://twitter.com/CDU/status/489658181778698240 |access-date=9 August 2014 |website=Twitter - CDU |publisher=Twitter |ref=twitter}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Pantone Merkel == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dware6gv5tadhok4c7184a96z9khya5 0 133015 820807 773308 2026-04-13T14:35:49Z BnHamid 12586 820807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Badre Alam Merathi''' (Urdu: بدر عالم میرٹھی; 1898 – 29 October 1965) was a mid-twentieth-century hadith scholar and poet originally from Meerut, initially migrated to Pakistan and eventually settled in [[Madinah|Medina]]. Best known as the interpreter of Anwar Shah Kashmiri's teachings, he was a disciple of both Kashmiri and Shabbir Ahmad Usmani. Educated at Mazahir Uloom and Darul Uloom Deoband, he taught at both institutions and Jamia Islamia Talimuddin. During his tenure at Jamia Islamia Talimuddin, he compiled ''Fayd al-Bari'', a four-volume Arabic commentary on ''[[Sahi al-Bukhari|Sahih al-Bukhari]]'', published in [[Kairo|Cairo]] with financial support from Jamiatul Ulama Transvaal, considered a masterpiece in hadith commentary.<ref name=":Kaleem" /> He was also associated with Nadwatul Musannifeen and authored ''Tarjuman al-Sunnah'', a 4-volume hadith explanation designed for contemporary needs, widely acknowledged in academic circles. In his final years, he focused on teaching hadith in [[Masallacin Annabi|Prophet's Mosque]], where many South Africans pledged allegiance to him, expanding his spiritual influence in South Africa.<ref name=":Rizwi">{{Cite book|last3=Syed Mehboob Rizwi}}</ref> Badre Alam was born in 1898 in a [[Sayyid]] family in the Budaun district of Uttar Pradesh. His father, Tahur Ali, served as a police officer. He received his initial education at an English school in Aligarh, and influenced by a sermon of Ashraf Ali Thanwi at the age of eleven, he developed an inclination towards [[Ilimin Musulunci|Islamic studies]]. Despite initial resistance from his father, he pursued religious education at Mazahir Uloom.<ref name=":Riyasathullah" /> A karkashin jagorancin Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri na tsawon shekaru takwas, sannan ya ci gaba da karatu a Darul Uloom Deoband tare da Anwar Shah Kashmiri, ya ci gaba ne da tafiyarsa ta ilimi. Shahararrun malamansa a Mazahir Uloom sun hada da Zafar Ahmad Usmani, kuma a Deoband, Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani da Asghar Hussain Deobandi . <ref name=":IP">{{Cite web |last=Shabbir |first=Yusuf |date=2018 |title=Profile of Mawlana Muhammad Badr Alam Mirti |url=https://islamicportal.co.uk/profile-of-mawlana-muhammad-badr-alam-mirti/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610230149/https://islamicportal.co.uk/profile-of-mawlana-muhammad-badr-alam-mirti/ |archive-date=10 June 2023 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Islamic Portal |language=en}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa a Darul Uloom Deoband, ya fara koyarwa a can a 1925.<ref name="Tayyib">{{Cite book|last3=Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi}}</ref><ref name=": Khalili">{{Cite book|last3=Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi}}</ref> A shekara ta 1927, shi, tare da Anwar Shah Kashmiri da Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, sun yi ƙaura zuwa Jamia Islamia Talimuddin . Shekaru goma sha bakwai, ya shiga koyar da hadisi a Jamia Islamia Talimuddin, yana rufe matani kamar ''[[Jami at-Tirmizi|Sunan al-Tirmidhi]]'', ''Shama'il al-Muhammadiyya'', da ''Mishkat al-Masabih''. Ya kuma ci gaba da shiga cikin azuzuwan Anwar Shah Kashmiri a kan ''[[Sahi al-Bukhari|Sahih al-Bukhari]]'' da ''[[Jami at-Tirmizi|Sunan al-Tirmidhi]]'' na tsawon shekaru biyar.<ref name=":Miftahi">{{Cite book|last3=Zafeeruddin Miftahi}}</ref> Bayan Dabhel, ya koma Bahawalnagar, Punjab, ya kafa Jam'ul Uloom, kuma ya zauna shekara guda a can. Daga nan sai ya zo [[Delhi]] kuma ya haɗu da Nadwatul Musannifeen a shekara ta 1943. Bayan rabuwa da Indiya a 1947, ya yi ƙaura zuwa Karachi, Pakistan, kuma, a ƙarƙashin goyon bayan Shabbir Ahmad Usmani ya kafa Jamia Islamia a Tando Allahyar . {{Sfn|Ghani|1979}} Bayan kafa Pakistan, ya shiga cikin tsara kundin tsarin mulkin Islama. Bayan ya zauna na tsawon shekaru hudu a Pakistan, ya yi ƙaura zuwa [[Madinah|Madina]].{{Sfn|Kaleem|2017}} Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda ya sadu da shi a Madina, ya amfana daga gare shi, <ref name=":Amini">{{Cite book|last3=Noor Alam Khalil Amini}}</ref> kuma daga baya ya ba da labarin hadisai daga gare shi. An san shi da Qutb al-Aarifeen, ya karbi koyarwar [[Sufiyya|Sufi]] daga Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri, wanda ke da alaƙa da Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani, kuma a ƙarshe ya sami maye gurbin ruhaniya daga Muhammad Ishaq Merathi . [1]{{Sfn|Ghani|1979}} Ya mutu a ranar 29 ga Oktoba 1965, a [[Masallacin Annabi]], kuma an kwantar da shi a [[Al-Baqi'|Kabari na Al-Baqi]].<ref name=":Burhan">{{Cite magazine|last=Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi}}</ref> Tasirinsa ya kai ga Pakistan, Indiya, Afirka ta Kudu, da Gabas ta Tsakiya.<ref name=":Banuri">{{Cite book|last3=Yusuf Banuri}}</ref> == Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen == Ya bincika abubuwan da ke tattare da Alkur'ani da hadisi, yana nuna fahimtar wallafe-wallafen Larabci da shayari. Ayyukansa na wallafe-wallafen sun taɓa batutuwa daban-daban na addini. Baya ga <nowiki><i id="mwsw">Fayd al-Bari</i></nowiki> da ''Tarjuman al-Sunnah'', ya rubuta kundin uku na ''Jawahir al-Hikam'', yana magance batutuwan zamantakewa na zamani da aiwatar da dokar Islama a shekarar 1965, wanda aka fassara zuwa Faransanci da Gujarati.{{Sfn|Ghani|1979}}<ref name=":IP">{{Cite web |last=Shabbir |first=Yusuf |date=2018 |title=Profile of Mawlana Muhammad Badr Alam Mirti |url=https://islamicportal.co.uk/profile-of-mawlana-muhammad-badr-alam-mirti/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610230149/https://islamicportal.co.uk/profile-of-mawlana-muhammad-badr-alam-mirti/ |archive-date=10 June 2023 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Islamic Portal |language=en}}</ref> Bayanansa ga ''Fayd al-Bari'', wanda aka buga a matsayin ''Al-Badr Al-Sari'' . <ref name=":Mausoo'a">{{Cite book|last3=Arif Jameel Mubarakpuri}}</ref> Ya rubuta wani bayani game da littafin Rashid Ahmad Gangohi ''Zubdat-ul-Manāsik'' a ƙarƙashin taken Khulasa Zubdat -ul-Manaspik, jagora kan batutuwan [[Aikin Hajji|Hajji]].{{Sfn|Bukhari|1985}} Ɗaya daga cikin littattafansa game da [[Annabi Isah|zuriyar Yesu]] ana kiransa ''Nuzool-e-ʿĪsā'', kuma ya rubuta ɗan littafin a cikin wannan jerin da ake kira ''Awaz-e-Haq'' . {{Sfn|Bukhari|1985}} A lokacin da yake Pakistan, ya fassara ''Al-Hizb al-Azam'' na Ali al-Qari kuma ya rubuta wasu shayari.<ref name=":IP" /> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin Deobandis == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1965]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1898]] 68tby89djyeqlb4pl2aav5w9gfpd0m7 0 133079 820815 773485 2026-04-13T14:40:26Z BnHamid 12586 820815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Andrew James Fisher''' Farfesa ne na Physics a Sashen Physics da Astronomy a Kwalejin Jami'ar London . Kungiyarsa tana daga cikin ƙungiyar Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, kuma tana zaune ne a Cibiyar Nazarin Nanotechnology ta London (hadin gwiwa tsakanin UCL da Kwalejin Imperial, London). == Bincike == Yankin bincikensa shine fahimtar halayyar electrons a cikin nanostructures. Tsinkaya game da halayyar electrons ta amfani da ka'idar injiniya mai yawa, don kwatanta da bayanan gwaji. Batutuwan aikin da aka tallafawa a yanzu sun hada da: [1][2] * Quantum de-coherence da lissafi a cikin tsarin condensed-phase * Electrons a cikin wayoyin atomatik * Samun kwayoyin a kan ƙurar ƙura ta interstellar * Ka'idar binciken bututun microscopy a cikin ruwa * Ci gaban dabaru don nazarin jigilar kaya mai ma'ana * Kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta a kan farfajiyar semiconductor == Kyaututtuka == * Maxwell Medal da Kyautar, Cibiyar Kimiyya, 1998 == Duba Kuma * Jerin Tsohon Abingdonians == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] d5c88tje4rujyhlu1x25ailv6todhzg 0 133219 821066 773754 2026-04-14T06:14:53Z BnHamid 12586 821066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sharif Hasan Deobandi''' (9 ga watan Agustan 1920 - 2 ga watan Yunin 1977) masanin addinin Musulunci ne kuma Muhaddith. Ya yi aiki a matsayin [[Sheikh al-Hadith]] a Darul Uloom Deoband daga 1972 zuwa 1977. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na Hadith da Sheikh al-Hadith a Jamia Islamia Talimuddin a Dabhel kusan shekaru goma. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Sharif Hasan Deobandi a Deoband a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta 1920. Ya haddace Alkur'ani a Deoband kafin ya kwashe shekaru uku a Madrasa Islamia a Behat, inda ya yi karatun Larabci da Farisa a karkashin Abdur Rahim Muzaffarnagari, dalibi na Anwar Shah Kashmiri.{{Sfn|al-Wajidi|2010}} Bayan haka, ya shiga Darul Uloom Deoband kuma ya kammala karatu a 1939 AD (1358 AH). <ref name=":Rizwi">{{Cite book|last3=Syed Mehboob Rizwi}}</ref><ref name=":&quot;Khalili&quot;">{{Cite book|last3=Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi}}</ref> A Deoband Seminary, malamansa sun hada da Hussain Ahmad Madani, Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, Asghar Hussain Deobandi, da Ibrahim Balyawi.{{Sfn|al-Wajidi|2010}} == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa, an nada Deobandi a matsayin shugaban a Madrasa Imdadul Uloom, Khanqah-e-Imdadia, Thana Bhawan, a cikin 1941 AD (1361 AH), inda ya sami jagora daga Ashraf Ali Thanwi a fannonin hadisi da shari'ar Islama. A cikin 1364 AH (1945 AD), ya zama shugaban a Madrasa Ishā'at-ul-Uloom, Bareilly, kuma ya yi aiki a can na shekaru tara a matsayin farfesa na hadisi da kuma lauyan Islama.{{Sfn|Rizwi|1981}}{{Sfn|Qasmi|2020}}{{Sfn|al-Wajidi|2010}} Bayan haka, ya yi aiki a matsayin Farfesa na Hadith da [[Sheikh al-Hadith]] a Jamia Islamia Talimuddin, Dabhel, tsakanin [[Rabi' al-awwal|Rabi' al-Awwal]] 1373 AH (1953 AD) da [[Shawwal]] 1383 AH (1964 AD) na kimanin shekaru goma kuma ya koyar da littattafan Hadith kamar [[Jami at-Tirmizi|Jami' al-Tirmidhi]] Sahih al-Bukhari <ref name="Miftahi">{{Cite book|last3=Zafeeruddin Miftahi}}</ref> A cikin 1383 AH (1963 AD), an nada shi a matsayin malami a Darul Uloom Deoband kuma ya koyar da littattafan Hadith kamar Sahih Muslim, [[Sunan ibn Majah]], [[Sunan Abu Dawood]]. {{Sfn|Rizwi|1981}}{{Sfn|Qasmi|2020}}{{Sfn|al-Wajidi|2010}} A cikin 1972 AD (1392 AD), ya gaji Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad a matsayin Sheikh al-Hadith kuma ya koyar da [[Sahi al-Bukhari|Sahih al-Bukhari]] ta farko har zuwa 1977 AD (1397 AH).<ref name=":Burhan">{{Cite magazine|last=Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi|url-status=2–3}}</ref><ref name=":Al-Furqān">{{Cite magazine|last=Manzoor Nomani|url-status=44–45}}</ref><ref name=":&quot;Mausoo'ah&quot;">{{Cite book|last3=Arif Jameel Mubarakpuri}}</ref> Ya rubuta wani sharhi game da Ash-Shama'il al-Muhammadiyya na [[Al-Tirmidhi]], wanda har yanzu ba a buga shi ba.{{Sfn|al-Wajidi|2010}} == Mutuwa == Deobandi ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Yuni 1977 ([[Jumada al-Thani]] 15, 1397 AH) a Deoband . <ref>{{Cite thesis}}</ref> <ref name=":&quot;Al-Raid&quot;">{{Cite journal |date=16 June 1977 |editor-last=Nadwi |editor-first=Wazeh Rashid Hasani |title=Shaikh Sharif al-Hasan has passed away |url=https://archive.org/details/june-2-1977 |journal=Quarterly Al-Raid |language=ar |location=Lucknow |publisher=Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama |volume=18 |issue=24 |page=6}}</ref> An yi addu'ar jana'izar washegari kuma an binne ta a makabartar Qasmi.<ref name=":Al-Furqān" /> [[Fayil:The_Inscription_on_the_grave_of_Maulana_Sharif_Hasan_Deobandi,_Former_Shaikh_ul_Hadith_of_Darul_Uloom_Deoband.jpg|thumb|Rubutun a kan kabarin Sharif Hasan Deobandi .]] Ya bar 'ya'yansa maza huɗu, Raees Ahmad, Nayyar Usmani, Muneer Usmani, da Wasīm Usmani.{{Sfn|Qasmi|2003}} == Dubi kuma == * Jerin Deobandis == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Hanafi scholars}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1920]] hd1ki30l9f1xd2rfh4m536up6tk4qcf 821077 821066 2026-04-14T08:03:58Z Musa Vacho77 9881 Gyara 821077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sharif Hasan Deobandi''' (9 ga watan Agustan 1920 - 2 ga watan Yunin 1977) masanin addinin Musulunci ne kuma Muhaddith. Yayi aiki a matsayin [[Sheikh al-Hadith]] a Darul Uloom Deoband daga 1972 zuwa 1977. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na Hadith da Sheikh al-Hadith a Jamia Islamia Talimuddin a Dabhel kusan shekaru goma. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Sharif Hasan Deobandi a Deoband a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta 1920. Ya haddace Alkur'ani a Deoband kafin ya kwashe shekaru uku a Madrasa Islamia a Behat, inda ya yi karatun Larabci da Farisa a karkashin Abdur Rahim Muzaffarnagari, dalibi na Anwar Shah Kashmiri.{{Sfn|al-Wajidi|2010}} Bayan haka, ya shiga Darul Uloom Deoband kuma ya kammala karatu a 1939 AD (1358 AH). <ref name=":Rizwi">{{Cite book|last3=Syed Mehboob Rizwi}}</ref><ref name=":&quot;Khalili&quot;">{{Cite book|last3=Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi}}</ref> A Deoband Seminary, malamansa sun hada da Hussain Ahmad Madani, Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, Asghar Hussain Deobandi, da Ibrahim Balyawi.{{Sfn|al-Wajidi|2010}} == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa, an nada Deobandi a matsayin shugaban a Madrasa Imdadul Uloom, Khanqah-e-Imdadia, Thana Bhawan, a cikin 1941 AD (1361 AH), inda ya sami jagora daga Ashraf Ali Thanwi a fannonin hadisi da shari'ar Islama. A cikin 1364 AH (1945 AD), ya zama shugaban a Madrasa Ishā'at-ul-Uloom, Bareilly, kuma ya yi aiki a can na shekaru tara a matsayin farfesa na hadisi da kuma lauyan Islama.{{Sfn|Rizwi|1981}}{{Sfn|Qasmi|2020}}{{Sfn|al-Wajidi|2010}} Bayan haka, ya yi aiki a matsayin Farfesa na Hadith da [[Sheikh al-Hadith]] a Jamia Islamia Talimuddin, Dabhel, tsakanin [[Rabi' al-awwal|Rabi' al-Awwal]] 1373 AH (1953 AD) da [[Shawwal]] 1383 AH (1964 AD) na kimanin shekaru goma kuma ya koyar da littattafan Hadith kamar [[Jami at-Tirmizi|Jami' al-Tirmidhi]] Sahih al-Bukhari <ref name="Miftahi">{{Cite book|last3=Zafeeruddin Miftahi}}</ref> A cikin 1383 AH (1963 AD), an nada shi a matsayin malami a Darul Uloom Deoband kuma ya koyar da littattafan Hadith kamar Sahih Muslim, [[Sunan ibn Majah]], [[Sunan Abu Dawood]]. {{Sfn|Rizwi|1981}}{{Sfn|Qasmi|2020}}{{Sfn|al-Wajidi|2010}} A cikin 1972 AD (1392 AD), ya gaji Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad a matsayin Sheikh al-Hadith kuma ya koyar da [[Sahi al-Bukhari|Sahih al-Bukhari]] ta farko har zuwa 1977 AD (1397 AH).<ref name=":Burhan">{{Cite magazine|last=Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi|url-status=2–3}}</ref><ref name=":Al-Furqān">{{Cite magazine|last=Manzoor Nomani|url-status=44–45}}</ref><ref name=":&quot;Mausoo'ah&quot;">{{Cite book|last3=Arif Jameel Mubarakpuri}}</ref> Ya rubuta wani sharhi game da Ash-Shama'il al-Muhammadiyya na [[Al-Tirmidhi]], wanda har yanzu ba a buga shi ba.{{Sfn|al-Wajidi|2010}} == Mutuwa == Deobandi ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Yuni 1977 ([[Jumada al-Thani]] 15, 1397 AH) a Deoband . <ref>{{Cite thesis}}</ref> <ref name=":&quot;Al-Raid&quot;">{{Cite journal |date=16 June 1977 |editor-last=Nadwi |editor-first=Wazeh Rashid Hasani |title=Shaikh Sharif al-Hasan has passed away |url=https://archive.org/details/june-2-1977 |journal=Quarterly Al-Raid |language=ar |location=Lucknow |publisher=Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama |volume=18 |issue=24 |page=6}}</ref> An yi addu'ar jana'izar washegari kuma an binne ta a makabartar Qasmi.<ref name=":Al-Furqān" /> [[Fayil:The_Inscription_on_the_grave_of_Maulana_Sharif_Hasan_Deobandi,_Former_Shaikh_ul_Hadith_of_Darul_Uloom_Deoband.jpg|thumb|Rubutun a kan kabarin Sharif Hasan Deobandi .]] Ya bar 'ya'yansa maza huɗu, Raees Ahmad, Nayyar Usmani, Muneer Usmani, da Wasīm Usmani.{{Sfn|Qasmi|2003}} == Dubi kuma == * Jerin Deobandis == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Hanafi scholars}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1920]] ods0f374efb56lqg44a76f2umsbx044 0 133276 821037 773856 2026-04-14T06:04:46Z BnHamid 12586 821037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elmer Stanley Knutson''' (An haife shi a ranar 30 ga Oktoba, 1914 - 9 ga Agusta, 2001) ɗan kasuwa ne na Kanada, mai fafutuka kuma ɗan siyasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Obituary Daily Times Results |url=http://obits.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/obit.cgi?Surname=hyrick%252Belmer+&type=Keyword&Start=13050 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611042527/http://obits.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/obit.cgi?Surname=hyrick%2Belmer+&type=Keyword&Start=13050 |archive-date=2016-06-11 |access-date=2016-05-18 |website=obits.rootsweb.ancestry.com}}</ref> Knutson ya kasance mai goyon baya sosai na kirkirar yammacin Kanada mai zaman kanta, inda yamma za ta zama mai mulki daga gwamnatin tarayya ta Kanada.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wischnewski, Nino |date=January 8, 1981 |title=West-Fed Plans Using $4 Million |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6HNkAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Z34NAAAAIBAJ&pg=4078,3565620&dq=elmer-knutson+-wikipedia&hl=en |access-date=April 27, 2012 |website=The Calgary Herald}}</ref><ref name="MontrealGazette1">{{Cite web |date=March 20, 1980 |title=Separatism in the West: How Far Does it Really Go? |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3GUxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=oqQFAAAAIBAJ&pg=922,5093988&dq=elmer-knutson+-wikipedia&hl=en |access-date=April 27, 2012 |website=The Montreal Gazette}}</ref> An yaba masa da "whip[ping] Yammacin Turai ya shiga cikin motsi na siyasa". == Siyasa da gwagwarmaya == Tare da zuwan Shirin Makamashi na Kasa na Kanada a cikin 1980, wanda ya ba gwamnatin tarayya ƙarin iko kan albarkatun mai da iskar gas a yammacin Kanada, ya kafa Tarayyar Yammacin Kanada (West-Fed), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Obituary Daily Times Results |url=http://obits.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/obit.cgi?Surname=hyrick%252Belmer+&type=Keyword&Start=13050 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611042527/http://obits.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/obit.cgi?Surname=hyrick%2Belmer+&type=Keyword&Start=13050 |archive-date=2016-06-11 |access-date=2016-05-18 |website=obits.rootsweb.ancestry.com}}</ref> wata kungiya mai zaman kanta don yaƙi da Jam'iyyar Liberal ta tarayya. <ref name="Standard">{{Cite web |date=2009-05-09 |title=The Alberta separatist movement that wasn’t |url=http://www.westernstandard.ca/website/article.php?id=2979&start=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011174708/http://www.westernstandard.ca/website/article.php?id=2979 |archive-date=2012-10-11 |access-date=2012-04-27 |website=Western Standard}} </ref> Knutson ya yi imanin cewa Dokar Westminster ta 1931, wacce ta ba da daidaito na majalisa tare da Ƙasar Ingila ga Kanada, ta kuma ba da ikon mallakar larduna, saboda larduna ba su sanya hannu kan haɗin kai ba. Masana tsarin mulki sun soki wannan ra'ayi. Yawancin mambobin West-Fed sun bar kungiyar don shiga jam'iyyar Victoria-based Western Canada Concept (WCC) wacce, ba kamar West-Fet ba, ta gabatar da 'yan takara a zaben. == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haifi Knutson a gonar iyali da ke Torquay, Saskatchewan. Ya yi aiki a ƙungiyoyin 'yan daba na hanya, a sansanonin katako da ma'adanai har sai da ya sami tallafin karatu na ƙwallon baseball a kwalejin Lutheran a North Dakota, Amurka. Bayan ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Royal Canadian a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ya buɗe gareji a Saskatoon. Daga baya ya koma Edmonton don kafa kamfanin kera motocin tarakta nasa.[1] A shekarar 1969, ya kafa Derrick Dodge Chrysler, dillalin motoci, kuma ya gudanar da shi har zuwa 1976. Knutson died at the age of 86 in Edmonton.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2016}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2001]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1914]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4relapsf4s4rkqygf1692mnjc4l6eyg 0 133303 821036 773912 2026-04-14T06:04:22Z BnHamid 12586 821036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Village''' is a neighborhood located in the north-central area of Baltimore, [[Maryland]], [[Tarayyar Amurka|USA]]. It is a diverse, eclectic, international, largely middle-class area with many single-family homes that is in proximity to many of Baltimore's cultural amenities. Nearby are the Baltimore Museum of Art, the Homewood campus of The Johns Hopkins University, Olmstead's Wyman Park, the weekly Waverly Farmers Market, and the arts district, Station North. Homes are Baltimore brick and stone row houses, many dating from the 1890s.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Running from downtown north is the historic boulevard, Charles Street, where Baltimore's Easter Promenade once took place. Ci gaban unguwar ya fara ne a 1869 lokacin da aka sayi kadada 50 (,000 ) na ƙasa don ci gaba a matsayin "Peabody Heights". An raba ƙasar kuma an mika ta ga masu ginin daban-daban waɗanda suka gina gidaje waje, suna barin ciki don zama al'ada da aka gina bisa ga ƙayyadaddun mai siye. An fara bunkasa yankin ne a matsayin unguwar titin titin a farkon karni na 20, kuma ana zaton ita ce al'umma ta farko da ta yi amfani da dabarun gidaje. A lokacin, an san yankin da ''Peabody Heights;'' sunan Charles Village, wanda aka samo daga Charles Street, babban hanyar arewa maso kudu na yankin, an kirkiro shi a cikin shekarun 1970s a matsayin farkon tsari na haɗa babban yanki mai banbanci. Gregory J. Alexander da Paul K. Williams sun bincika tarihin unguwar kuma sun buga shi a cikin littafin su Charles Village: A Brief History (The History Press, 2009). <ref name="mht_ihp">{{Cite web |last=Fred B. Shoken |date=August 1983 |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Charles Village/Abell Historic District |url=https://apps.mht.maryland.gov/medusa/PDF/NR_PDFs/NR-775.pdf |access-date=2016-03-01 |publisher=Maryland Historical Trust}}</ref> == Mazauna == Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke da muhimmanci a ƙauyen Charles shine kusancinsa da harabar Johns Hopkins Homewood. Yawancin ma'aikata da ɗaliban jami'ar suna zaune a unguwar, musamman a yankunan da ke kusa da harabar. Wataƙila, sakamakon haka, ƙauyen Charles ya jawo hankalin dimbin masu fasaha da kuma 'yan bohemian a cikin shekaru da dama da suka gabata. Yankin kuma yana da suna a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin unguwannin da suka fi bambancin launin fata a cikin birni wanda aka raba shi tsawon shekaru da dama. [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed] Unguwar gabaɗaya tana ƙara wadata yayin da kuke tafiya daga kudu zuwa arewa da kuma daga gabas zuwa yamma. == Gidaje == [[Fayil:Calvert_Street_In_Charles_Village_Baltimore.jpg|left|thumb|280x280px|Hanyar Calvert]] Kodayake akwai gine-ginen gidaje da yawa, yawancin gidajen Charles Village sun ƙunshi gidaje masu hawa biyu da uku da aka gina a farkon karni na 20. Yawancin gidaje an kiyaye su sosai kuma, tare da sauran birni, unguwar ta ga hauhawar farashin ƙasa a farkon rabin shekarun 2000. Wasu daga cikin manyan gidaje masu ɗaki an canza su zuwa gidaje masu yawa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. == Abubuwan more rayuwa da ci gaba na gaba == Garin ya haɗa da ƙananan gundumomi na kasuwanci da yawa kuma yana cikin nisan tafiya zuwa [[Kasuwar manoma|Kasuwar manomi]] ta Waverly. Koyaya, ba kamar yawancin unguwanni masu tasowa a cikin birni ba, akwai ƙananan wuraren siyarwa. Wannan yana cikin tsarin canzawa, duk da haka, yayin da aka sake gina tubalan biyu na St. Paul Street a arewacin unguwar gaba ɗaya. A ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 2006, an kammala matakin farko na sabon aikin ci gaba: an buɗe kantin sayar da littattafai na Barnes & Noble a matsayin tashar sayar da sabon ginin kwana, wanda ake kira Charles Commons, don ɗaliban Hopkins. Aikin, wanda aka kammala a shekara ta 2007, ya canza ɗakunan gidaje da ƙananan gine-ginen gidaje zuwa ɗakin kwana na 600+ da kuma ɗakunan hawa da yawa, dukansu suna dauke da kantin sayar da ƙasa. Barnes & Noble yanzu yana aiki a matsayin kantin sayar da littattafai na ɗaliban Johns Hopkins kuma a matsayin kanton sayar da kayayyaki ga mazaunan Arewacin Baltimore City. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7eb74sd0qlisk4sgtva743a7248muxq 0 133507 820781 774297 2026-04-13T14:21:04Z BnHamid 12586 820781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Daniel Mitchell Goldberg''' (7 ga Maris, 1949 - 12 ga Yuli, 2023) ya kasance mai shirya fina-finai da marubucin fim na Kanada. Ya kasance marubuci kuma furodusa a fina-finai Meatballs da Stripes . <ref name="Deadline">{{Cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Erik |date=July 12, 2023 |title=Daniel Goldberg Dies: 'The Hangover' Trilogy Producer, 'Late Shift' Emmy Nominee & 'Stripes' Co-Writer Was 74 |url=https://deadline.com/2023/07/daniel-goldberg-dead-the-hangover-producer-late-shift-emmy-nominee-1235436510/ |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance furodusa na jerin fina-finai na Hangover <ref name="Deadline" /> kuma ya sami [[Emmy Awards|Kyautar Emmy]] Awards don fim din The Late Shift . [1]<ref name="NYT2">{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Daniel Goldberg |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/531435/Dan-Goldberg/filmography |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709121914/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/531435/Dan-Goldberg/filmography |archive-date=2015-07-09 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Goldberg ya sadu da Ivan Reitman a 1966 yayin da yake karatu a Jami'ar McMaster . Ya fito a cikin gajeren fim din 1968 Orientation wanda Reitman ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni.<ref name="THR">{{Cite web |last=Barnes |first=Mike |date=July 13, 2023 |title=Daniel Goldberg, Producer on 'Space Jam,' 'Old School' and the 'Hangover' Films, Dies at 74 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/daniel-goldberg-dead-space-jam-hangover-old-school-1235535404/ |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> A shekara ta 1969, ya zama memba na kwamitin McMaster Film Board tare da Reitman, Eugene Levy da Dennis Matheson.<ref name="Broomer" /> A wannan shekarar, Reitman da Goldberg sun hada kai don samar da fim mai taken Columbus of Sex, wanda John Hofsess ya ''Jagora'' kuma ya dogara da Tarihin batsa My Secret Life . An kama su uku kuma an tuhume su da yin da nuna fim mai lalata. An sami Reitman da Goldberg da laifi, an yanke musu hukuncin shekara guda na gwaji da tarar CA $ 300.<ref name="Broomer">{{Cite journal |last=Broomer |first=Stephen |date=February 2, 2010 |title=Trace and travesty: how the Columbus of Sex became My Secret Life. |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Trace+and+travesty%3A+how+the+Columbus+of+Sex+became+My+Secret+Life.-a0217811889 |journal=[[CineAction]] |issue=79 |pages=58–63 |doi= |access-date=July 13, 2023}}</ref> Goldberg ya yi aiki tare da Reitman sama da shekaru 30. Haɗin gwiwarsu sun haɗa da Mutuwar Weekend (1976), Heavy Metal (1981), Feds (1988), Junior (1994), Space Jam (1996), Kasuwanci masu zaman kansu (1997), Dokoki (1997), Ranar Iyaye (1997), Kwanaki shida, dare bakwai (1998), Tafiyar Hanya (2000), Juyin Halitta (2001), Killing Me Softly (2002), Tsohon Makarantar (2003) da EuroTrip (2004) Goldberg ya fara samun nasara tare da fim din 1979 Meatballs wanda Reitman ya jagoranta kuma ya fito da Bill Murray . Ya rubuta fim din tare da Len Blum, Janis Allen da Harold Ramis, kuma ya kasance furodusa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bailey |first=Katie |date=May 26, 2014 |title=Dan Goldberg on why Meatballs still sticks |url=https://playbackonline.ca/2014/05/26/dan-goldberg-on-why-meatballs-still-sticks/ |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]]}}</ref> Goldberg zai koma cikin ikon mallakar a shekarar 1987 a matsayin marubuci a kan Meatballs III: Summer Job . <ref name="Deadline">{{Cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Erik |date=July 12, 2023 |title=Daniel Goldberg Dies: 'The Hangover' Trilogy Producer, 'Late Shift' Emmy Nominee & 'Stripes' Co-Writer Was 74 |url=https://deadline.com/2023/07/daniel-goldberg-dead-the-hangover-producer-late-shift-emmy-nominee-1235436510/ |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Zai sake yin aiki tare da Blum da Ramis don rubuta fim din 1981 Stripes wanda Reitman ya jagoranta kuma ya fito da Murray da Ramis, tare da Goldberg kuma yana aiki a matsayin furodusa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maslin |first=Janet |date=June 26, 1981 |title=Film: 'Stripes' and the Biggest Wise Guy in the Army |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/26/movies/stripes-and-the-biggest-wise-guy-in-the-army.html |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Goldberg da Blum sun rubuta fim din Feds wanda Goldberg ya jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maslin |first=Janet |date=October 29, 1988 |title=Reviews/Film; Women at F.B.I. School |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/29/movies/reviews-film-women-at-fbi-school.html |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Goldberg ya sami nasara tare da aikinsa na samarwa bayan tsakiyar shekarun 1990. Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban furodusa a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''Beethoven'' da Extreme Ghostbusters, kuma an zabi shi don [[Emmy Awards|Kyautar Emmy]] don Fim din talabijin ya 1996 The Late Shift wanda ya yi aiki a matsayinsa na babban furodura. Ya kuma kasance furodusa a cikin fina-finai uku na jerin Hangover . <ref name="Deadline">{{Cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Erik |date=July 12, 2023 |title=Daniel Goldberg Dies: 'The Hangover' Trilogy Producer, 'Late Shift' Emmy Nominee & 'Stripes' Co-Writer Was 74 |url=https://deadline.com/2023/07/daniel-goldberg-dead-the-hangover-producer-late-shift-emmy-nominee-1235436510/ |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa da mutuwarsa == An haifi Daniel ga Irwin da Audrey Goldberg a Hamilton, Ontario, Kanada.<ref name="THR">{{Cite web |last=Barnes |first=Mike |date=July 13, 2023 |title=Daniel Goldberg, Producer on 'Space Jam,' 'Old School' and the 'Hangover' Films, Dies at 74 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/daniel-goldberg-dead-space-jam-hangover-old-school-1235535404/ |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> 'Yan uwansa sun hada da Harris Goldberg, Amy Goldberg da Kathryn Hogg.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bailey |first=Katie |date=May 26, 2014 |title=Dan Goldberg on why Meatballs still sticks |url=https://playbackonline.ca/2014/05/26/dan-goldberg-on-why-meatballs-still-sticks/ |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]]}}</ref> Ya auri Ilona Herzberg . <ref name="Deadline">{{Cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Erik |date=July 12, 2023 |title=Daniel Goldberg Dies: 'The Hangover' Trilogy Producer, 'Late Shift' Emmy Nominee & 'Stripes' Co-Writer Was 74 |url=https://deadline.com/2023/07/daniel-goldberg-dead-the-hangover-producer-late-shift-emmy-nominee-1235436510/ |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Shekara !Taken !Mai gabatarwa !Mai gabatar da kara<br /> !Marubuci !Darakta (s) |- |1969 |''Columbus na Jima'i''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |John Hofsess & Leland R. Thomas |- |1973 |''<nowiki/>'Yan mata masu cin nama''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{Yes}} |Ivan Reitman |- |1979 |''Kwallon nama''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{Yes}} |Ivan Reitman |- |1981 |''Rarraba''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{Yes}} |Ivan Reitman |- |1981 |''Ƙarfe Mai Girma''|{{No}}|{{No}}|{{Yes}} |Gerald Potterton |- |1983 |''Spacehunter: Labaran da suka faru a yankin da aka haramta''|{{No}}|{{No}}|{{Yes}} |Lamont Johnson |- |1988 |''Kudin da ake samu''|{{No}}|{{No}}|{{Yes}} |Shi da kansa |- |1994 |''Junior''|{{No}}|{{Yes}}|{{No}} |Ivan Reitman |- |1996 |''Space Jam''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |Joe Pytka |- |1997 |''Sashe masu zaman kansu''|{{No}}|{{Yes}}|{{No}} |Betty Thomas |- |1997 |''Dokoki''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |Daniel Taplitz |- |1997 |''Ranar Uba''|{{No}}|{{Yes}}|{{No}} |Ivan Reitman |- |1998 |''Kwanaki shida Dare bakwai''|{{No}}|{{Yes}}|{{No}} |Ivan Reitman |- |2000 |''Tafiyar Hanya''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |Todd Phillips |- |2001 |''Juyin Halitta''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |Ivan Reitman |- |2002 |<nowiki><i id="mwAUI">Kashe Ni a hankali</i></nowiki>|{{No}}|{{Yes}}|{{No}} |Chen Kaige |- |2003 |''Tsohon Makarantar''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |Todd Phillips |- |2004 |''Tafiyar Turai''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |Jeff Schaffer |- |2006 |''Makarantar 'yan fashi''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |Todd Phillips |- |2009 |''Rashin Kasuwanci''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |Todd Phillips |- |2010 |''Ranar da ta dace''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |Todd Phillips |- |2011 |''Kashi na II''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |Todd Phillips |- |2013 |''Kashi na III na Hangover''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |Todd Phillips |- |2018 |''Mai Gwagwarmayar Abinci''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |Shi da kansa |} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] j1gmxll5i8cldneun24vqzcs3edzm9d 820782 820781 2026-04-13T14:21:16Z BnHamid 12586 820782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Daniel Mitchell Goldberg''' (7 ga Maris, 1949 - 12 ga Yuli, 2023) ya kasance mai shirya fina-finai da marubucin fim na Kanada. Ya kasance marubuci kuma furodusa a fina-finai Meatballs da Stripes . <ref name="Deadline">{{Cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Erik |date=July 12, 2023 |title=Daniel Goldberg Dies: 'The Hangover' Trilogy Producer, 'Late Shift' Emmy Nominee & 'Stripes' Co-Writer Was 74 |url=https://deadline.com/2023/07/daniel-goldberg-dead-the-hangover-producer-late-shift-emmy-nominee-1235436510/ |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance furodusa na jerin fina-finai na Hangover <ref name="Deadline" /> kuma ya sami [[Emmy Awards|Kyautar Emmy]] Awards don fim din The Late Shift . [1]<ref name="NYT2">{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Daniel Goldberg |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/531435/Dan-Goldberg/filmography |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709121914/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/531435/Dan-Goldberg/filmography |archive-date=2015-07-09 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Goldberg ya sadu da Ivan Reitman a 1966 yayin da yake karatu a Jami'ar McMaster . Ya fito a cikin gajeren fim din 1968 Orientation wanda Reitman ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni.<ref name="THR">{{Cite web |last=Barnes |first=Mike |date=July 13, 2023 |title=Daniel Goldberg, Producer on 'Space Jam,' 'Old School' and the 'Hangover' Films, Dies at 74 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/daniel-goldberg-dead-space-jam-hangover-old-school-1235535404/ |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> A shekara ta 1969, ya zama memba na kwamitin McMaster Film Board tare da Reitman, Eugene Levy da Dennis Matheson.<ref name="Broomer" /> A wannan shekarar, Reitman da Goldberg sun hada kai don samar da fim mai taken Columbus of Sex, wanda John Hofsess ya ''Jagora'' kuma ya dogara da Tarihin batsa My Secret Life . An kama su uku kuma an tuhume su da yin da nuna fim mai lalata. An sami Reitman da Goldberg da laifi, an yanke musu hukuncin shekara guda na gwaji da tarar CA $ 300.<ref name="Broomer">{{Cite journal |last=Broomer |first=Stephen |date=February 2, 2010 |title=Trace and travesty: how the Columbus of Sex became My Secret Life. |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Trace+and+travesty%3A+how+the+Columbus+of+Sex+became+My+Secret+Life.-a0217811889 |journal=[[CineAction]] |issue=79 |pages=58–63 |doi= |access-date=July 13, 2023}}</ref> Goldberg ya yi aiki tare da Reitman sama da shekaru 30. Haɗin gwiwarsu sun haɗa da Mutuwar Weekend (1976), Heavy Metal (1981), Feds (1988), Junior (1994), Space Jam (1996), Kasuwanci masu zaman kansu (1997), Dokoki (1997), Ranar Iyaye (1997), Kwanaki shida, dare bakwai (1998), Tafiyar Hanya (2000), Juyin Halitta (2001), Killing Me Softly (2002), Tsohon Makarantar (2003) da EuroTrip (2004) Goldberg ya fara samun nasara tare da fim din 1979 Meatballs wanda Reitman ya jagoranta kuma ya fito da Bill Murray . Ya rubuta fim din tare da Len Blum, Janis Allen da Harold Ramis, kuma ya kasance furodusa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bailey |first=Katie |date=May 26, 2014 |title=Dan Goldberg on why Meatballs still sticks |url=https://playbackonline.ca/2014/05/26/dan-goldberg-on-why-meatballs-still-sticks/ |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]]}}</ref> Goldberg zai koma cikin ikon mallakar a shekarar 1987 a matsayin marubuci a kan Meatballs III: Summer Job . <ref name="Deadline">{{Cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Erik |date=July 12, 2023 |title=Daniel Goldberg Dies: 'The Hangover' Trilogy Producer, 'Late Shift' Emmy Nominee & 'Stripes' Co-Writer Was 74 |url=https://deadline.com/2023/07/daniel-goldberg-dead-the-hangover-producer-late-shift-emmy-nominee-1235436510/ |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Zai sake yin aiki tare da Blum da Ramis don rubuta fim din 1981 Stripes wanda Reitman ya jagoranta kuma ya fito da Murray da Ramis, tare da Goldberg kuma yana aiki a matsayin furodusa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maslin |first=Janet |date=June 26, 1981 |title=Film: 'Stripes' and the Biggest Wise Guy in the Army |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/26/movies/stripes-and-the-biggest-wise-guy-in-the-army.html |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Goldberg da Blum sun rubuta fim din Feds wanda Goldberg ya jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maslin |first=Janet |date=October 29, 1988 |title=Reviews/Film; Women at F.B.I. School |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/29/movies/reviews-film-women-at-fbi-school.html |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Goldberg ya sami nasara tare da aikinsa na samarwa bayan tsakiyar shekarun 1990. Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban furodusa a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''Beethoven'' da Extreme Ghostbusters, kuma an zabi shi don [[Emmy Awards|Kyautar Emmy]] don Fim din talabijin ya 1996 The Late Shift wanda ya yi aiki a matsayinsa na babban furodura. Ya kuma kasance furodusa a cikin fina-finai uku na jerin Hangover . <ref name="Deadline">{{Cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Erik |date=July 12, 2023 |title=Daniel Goldberg Dies: 'The Hangover' Trilogy Producer, 'Late Shift' Emmy Nominee & 'Stripes' Co-Writer Was 74 |url=https://deadline.com/2023/07/daniel-goldberg-dead-the-hangover-producer-late-shift-emmy-nominee-1235436510/ |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa da mutuwarsa == An haifi Daniel ga Irwin da Audrey Goldberg a Hamilton, Ontario, Kanada.<ref name="THR">{{Cite web |last=Barnes |first=Mike |date=July 13, 2023 |title=Daniel Goldberg, Producer on 'Space Jam,' 'Old School' and the 'Hangover' Films, Dies at 74 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/daniel-goldberg-dead-space-jam-hangover-old-school-1235535404/ |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> 'Yan uwansa sun hada da Harris Goldberg, Amy Goldberg da Kathryn Hogg.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bailey |first=Katie |date=May 26, 2014 |title=Dan Goldberg on why Meatballs still sticks |url=https://playbackonline.ca/2014/05/26/dan-goldberg-on-why-meatballs-still-sticks/ |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]]}}</ref> Ya auri Ilona Herzberg . <ref name="Deadline">{{Cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Erik |date=July 12, 2023 |title=Daniel Goldberg Dies: 'The Hangover' Trilogy Producer, 'Late Shift' Emmy Nominee & 'Stripes' Co-Writer Was 74 |url=https://deadline.com/2023/07/daniel-goldberg-dead-the-hangover-producer-late-shift-emmy-nominee-1235436510/ |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Shekara !Taken !Mai gabatarwa !Mai gabatar da kara<br /> !Marubuci !Darakta (s) |- |1969 |''Columbus na Jima'i''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |John Hofsess & Leland R. Thomas |- |1973 |''<nowiki/>'Yan mata masu cin nama''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{Yes}} |Ivan Reitman |- |1979 |''Kwallon nama''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{Yes}} |Ivan Reitman |- |1981 |''Rarraba''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{Yes}} |Ivan Reitman |- |1981 |''Ƙarfe Mai Girma''|{{No}}|{{No}}|{{Yes}} |Gerald Potterton |- |1983 |''Spacehunter: Labaran da suka faru a yankin da aka haramta''|{{No}}|{{No}}|{{Yes}} |Lamont Johnson |- |1988 |''Kudin da ake samu''|{{No}}|{{No}}|{{Yes}} |Shi da kansa |- |1994 |''Junior''|{{No}}|{{Yes}}|{{No}} |Ivan Reitman |- |1996 |''Space Jam''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |Joe Pytka |- |1997 |''Sashe masu zaman kansu''|{{No}}|{{Yes}}|{{No}} |Betty Thomas |- |1997 |''Dokoki''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |Daniel Taplitz |- |1997 |''Ranar Uba''|{{No}}|{{Yes}}|{{No}} |Ivan Reitman |- |1998 |''Kwanaki shida Dare bakwai''|{{No}}|{{Yes}}|{{No}} |Ivan Reitman |- |2000 |''Tafiyar Hanya''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |Todd Phillips |- |2001 |''Juyin Halitta''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |Ivan Reitman |- |2002 |<nowiki><i id="mwAUI">Kashe Ni a hankali</i></nowiki>|{{No}}|{{Yes}}|{{No}} |Chen Kaige |- |2003 |''Tsohon Makarantar''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |Todd Phillips |- |2004 |''Tafiyar Turai''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |Jeff Schaffer |- |2006 |''Makarantar 'yan fashi''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |Todd Phillips |- |2009 |''Rashin Kasuwanci''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |Todd Phillips |- |2010 |''Ranar da ta dace''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |Todd Phillips |- |2011 |''Kashi na II''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |Todd Phillips |- |2013 |''Kashi na III na Hangover''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |Todd Phillips |- |2018 |''Mai Gwagwarmayar Abinci''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{No}} |Shi da kansa |} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] 1dusr9p2p98uqggl0gcc4gdplgzok2e 0 133567 821039 774400 2026-04-14T06:06:00Z BnHamid 12586 821039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ioannis Pesmazoglou''' ([[Girka (ƙasa)|Girkanci]]; 1857-1906) ɗan asalin ƙasar Girka ne, masanin tattalin arziki kuma ɗan siyasa wanda ya zauna a [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] da Masar kafin ya yi hijira zuwa Girka a cikin shekara ta 1882. Ioannis Pesmazoglou was from Constantinople (now [[Istanbul]]), although his family originate from Enderlik, in Cappadocia. Pesmazoglou studied economic sciences in Paris and in the beginning, he was employed at the Crédit Lyonnais bank in [[Alexandria]], [[Misra|Egypt]]. In 1882, he became head of the Anglo-Egyptian Bank, before moving to [[Athens]], where he founded his own bank. In 1897, Pesmazoglou's bank was merged with the Bank of Athens, of which he now became chairman. Pesmazoglou remained a member of the board of the Bank of Athens until his death. Pesmazoglou ya kuma kafa Kamfanin Privileged don Kare Currants (Eniaia ko Eniea) da Kamfanin Wine da Alcohol a matsayin matakai don magance matsalar kudi mai tsanani wanda ya haifar da faduwar farashin Ruwan inabi na Koranti, daya daga cikin manyan fitar da kasar. Ya kuma ba da kuɗin kafa makarantun dare ga Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Ciniki ta Athens . Daga 1900 ya shiga siyasa, an zabe shi memba na Majalisar Girka a 1905 da 1906, [1] wakiltar Athens, Elis da Messenia. 'Ya'yansa maza sune Andreas, Stefanos da [[Georgios Pesmazoglou|Georgios]] . Ɗansa Andreas ya shiga Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Girka kuma ya mutu a 1927 yana da shekaru 27 kuma Stefanos ya zama ɗan jarida, ya kafa jaridar Proia . [[Fayil:Atenas,_Primer_Cementerio_19.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Kabarin Ioannis Pesmazoglou (dama), Kabari na farko na Athens]] Kabarin Ioannis Pesmazoglou da iyalinsa suna cikin Kabari na farko na Athens, Girka. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1x941aw0d4112soc5tbofpeffg6ydzw 0 133577 820826 774434 2026-04-13T14:46:11Z BnHamid 12586 820826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christodoulos Sozos''' (Girkanci: Χριστόδουλος Σώζος; 10 Maris 1872 a Limassol - 6 Disamba 1912 a Manoliasa, Epirus) ɗan siyasan Cyprus ne kuma lauya. Ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Cyprus (1901-1911), magajin garin Limassol (1908-1912) da Limassol-Paphos MP (1908-1912). A ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 1912, ya shiga cikin sojojin Girka a matsayin mai zaman kansa wanda a lokacin yake fada a Yaƙin Balkan na farko. An kashe shi a cikin aiki a ranar 6 ga Disamba. Ayyukansa kafin yaƙin a madadin dalilin Enosis da yanayin da ke kewaye da mutuwarsa ya sanya shi daya daga cikin manyan mutane na kishin kasa na Girka Cypriot.<ref>{{Citation|journal=Nikos}}</ref>{{Spaced en dash}} == Rayuwa ta farko == [[Fayil:Christodoulos_Sozos_Statue.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Wani mutum-mutumi na Sozos a cikin lambunan jama'a na Limassol.]] [[Fayil:Christodoulos_Sozos'_office_Patticheion.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Ofishin Sozos.]] An haifi Christodoulos Sozos a Limassol a ranar 10 ga Maris 1872. Mahaifinsa da kakansa sun yi yaƙi a matsayin masu sa kai a cikin Cretan Revolt (1866-1869) da kuma Girkanci War of Independence bi da bi. Ya yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Kasa da Kapodistrian ta Athens kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya kafin fara aikinsa na siyasa. Ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Cyprus daga 1901 har zuwa 1911, kuma ya wakilci mazabar Limassol-Paphos a matsayin dan majalisa a wannan lokacin. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1903, ya yi amfani da rashin wani dan kasar Cyprus na Turkiyya a majalisar don zartar da ƙuduri wanda ya bayyana cewa mutanen Cyprus suna da burin sake haɗuwa da ƙasarsu (Greece). Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin magajin garin Limassol daga 1908 har zuwa mutuwarsa, nasarorin da ya fi sani da su shine gina lambun jama'a na farko na birnin da kuma wutar lantarki na hasken titi, na farko irin wannan lokaci a Cyprus. Bayan ya dawo daga ziyararsa zuwa Burtaniya a watan Yunin 1912, ya gamsu cewa hanya daya tilo don Enosis tsakanin Cyprus da Girka ita ce mataki na tsakiya na mulkin mallaka. Matsayinsa ya jawo zargi mai tsanani daga abokin hamayyarsa na siyasa Nikolaos Katalanos wanda ya bayyana magoya bayan cin gashin kai a matsayin mahaukaci da masu cin amana.{{Sfn|Papapolyviou|1996}} == Yaƙin Balkan == [[Fayil:Balkan_War_Memorial_Agia_Napa_Cathedral.jpg|right|thumb|333x333px|Bikin Tunawa da Yakin Balkan na Limassol. An rubuta sunan Sozos a saman.]] A lokacin barkewar Yaƙin Balkan na farko, Cyprus ta kasance wani ɓangare na Daular Ottoman, yayin da a zahiri Daular Burtaniya ke gudanar da ita kamar yadda aka amince a Yarjejeniyar Cyprus ta 1878. A ranar 17 ga Oktoba 1912, Sozos ya tashi daga Limassol a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙaramin ƙungiyar Red Cross ta Cyprus wanda ke kan hanyar zuwa Athens don taimakawa sojojin Girka waɗanda a lokacin suka yi yaƙi da Ottomans. Matarsa Ermioni Sozou, ɗansa mai shekaru 4 Zinon da 'yan'uwa mata 7 ba a sanar da su game da shawarar da ya yanke ba saboda yana tsoron cewa ba za su bari ya tafi ba. Jirgin ya tsaya a Alexandria da Patras kafin ya isa inda ya nufa a ranar 23 ga Oktoba. A ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, ya shiga cikin taron hukuma na tsawon sa'a daya tare da Firayim Ministan Girka Eleutherios Venizelos . Venizelos ya zama mai tausayi kuma daga ƙarshe ya ba da roƙonsa, ya ba shi da Larnaca MP Evaggelos Hajioannou damar shiga cikin 1st Infantry Regiment na 2nd Infantry Division a matsayin masu zaman kansu.[1] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5iesoyry5w5vk5g9004hnitwydi3kai 0 133593 821057 774450 2026-04-14T06:11:33Z BnHamid 12586 821057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Enea Mihaj''' (Girkanci: Ενέα Μιχάι, an haife shi a ranar 5 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1998) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon kafa ta Major League Atlanta United . An haife shi a Girka, yana taka leda a tawagar kasar Albania. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife shi a [[Albaniya|Albania]] kuma daga baya ya koma tare da iyalinsa zuwa Thessaloniki, Girka, sannan zuwa Rhodes, inda ya gano sha'awar kwallon kafa. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 13, an shigar da shi a Kwalejin Olympic Arena inda ya fito da baiwarsa kuma ya kama idon Panetolikos, wanda ya sanya hannu a makarantar su. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 16, ya koma Aetolia-Acarnania . == Ayyukan kulob din == === Panetolikos === Mihaj ya fara shirya wa Panetolikos a ranar 14 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2016 a wasan cin Kofin Girka na 2016-17 da ya yi da Kallithea inda ya kasance mai maye gurbin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba.[1] Bayan wasanni biyu a matsayin mai maye gurbin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba, ya fara wasan farko a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun 2017 a wasan kofin da ya yi da PAOK, ya zo a matsayin mai sauyawa a minti na 87 a madadin Giorgos Mygas.[2] === PAOK === A ranar 21 ga Yuni 2019, Mihaj ya sanya hannu tare da PAOK . <ref>{{cite news |date=18 January 2018 |title=Grekët "përulen" para talentit të shqiptarit |trans-title=The Greeks "humble" in front of the Albanian talent |url=http://albsport.al/2018/01/18/greket-perulen-para-talentit-te-shqiptarit/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140615/http://albsport.al/2018/01/18/greket-perulen-para-talentit-te-shqiptarit/ |archive-date=12 June 2018 |accessdate=19 January 2018 |publisher=Albsport |language=Albanian}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Yulin 2020, ya zira kwallaye na farko ga PAOK a nasarar 1-0 a kan Olympiacos a minti na 90. === Famalicão === A ranar 15 ga watan Agustan 2022, Mihaj ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku tare da kulob din Firayim Minista Famalicão . <ref>{{cite news |date=18 January 2018 |title=Grekët "përulen" para talentit të shqiptarit |trans-title=The Greeks "humble" in front of the Albanian talent |url=http://albsport.al/2018/01/18/greket-perulen-para-talentit-te-shqiptarit/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140615/http://albsport.al/2018/01/18/greket-perulen-para-talentit-te-shqiptarit/ |archive-date=12 June 2018 |accessdate=19 January 2018 |publisher=Albsport |language=Albanian}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == === Matasa === Mihaj ya karbi kiransa na farko ga kungiyar Albania ta kasa da shekaru 19 daga kocin Arjan Bellaj don gasar Roma Caput Mundi a watan Fabrairu da Maris na shekara ta 2016. Ya sami kira na farko a matakin 'yan kasa da shekara 21 daga kocin Redi Jupi don wasan cancantar gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekara ta 2017 da Isra'ila a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2016. <ref>{{cite news |date=18 January 2018 |title=Grekët "përulen" para talentit të shqiptarit |trans-title=The Greeks "humble" in front of the Albanian talent |url=http://albsport.al/2018/01/18/greket-perulen-para-talentit-te-shqiptarit/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140615/http://albsport.al/2018/01/18/greket-perulen-para-talentit-te-shqiptarit/ |archive-date=12 June 2018 |accessdate=19 January 2018 |publisher=Albsport |language=Albanian}}</ref> Ya fara bugawa a cikin shan kashi 4-0, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin a rabin lokaci a maimakon Kostandin Kariqi.<ref>{{cite news |date=18 January 2018 |title=Grekët "përulen" para talentit të shqiptarit |trans-title=The Greeks "humble" in front of the Albanian talent |url=http://albsport.al/2018/01/18/greket-perulen-para-talentit-te-shqiptarit/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140615/http://albsport.al/2018/01/18/greket-perulen-para-talentit-te-shqiptarit/ |archive-date=12 June 2018 |accessdate=19 January 2018 |publisher=Albsport |language=Albanian}}</ref> An sake kiransa zuwa kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekara 21 ta Albania don Wasannin sada zumunci biyu da Moldova a ranar 25 da 27 ga Maris 2017. === Tsohon === Mihaj ya karbi kira na farko zuwa Babban ƙungiyar Albania ta kocin Christian Panucci don wasan farko na UEFA Nations League C na 2018-19 da Isra'ila da Scotland a ranar 7 da 10 ga Satumba 2018. Ya fara bugawa kasa da kasa a wasan da ya yi da Scotland 2-0, ya shiga cikin minti na karshe na wasan. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 94vqez3m8qo3ikfjvgq8cehyhodwbul 0 133753 820789 774790 2026-04-13T14:24:59Z BnHamid 12586 820789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sir Benjamin Helfgott''' MBE (22 Nuwamba 1929 - 16 Yuni 2023) ɗan ƙasar Poland ne Wanda ya tsira daga Holocaust, ɗan wasan Olympics kuma mai ɗaukar nauyi. Ya kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasa biyu na Yahudawa da aka sani sun yi gasa a wasannin Olympics bayan sun tsira daga Holocaust, tare da Alfred Nakache, mai tseren ruwa na Faransa da kuma dan wasan polo na ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Steve Lipman |date=13 August 2004 |title=The Olympics and The Holocaust |url=http://www.jewishfederations.org/page.aspx?id=70615 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130416004949/http://www.jewishfederations.org/page.aspx?id=70615 |archive-date=16 April 2013 |publisher=Jewish Federations of North America}}</ref> Helfgott ya shafe rayuwarsa ta girma wajen inganta ilimin Holocaust, ganawa da shugabannin kasa a Burtaniya don inganta hadin kan al'adu da zaman lafiya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollock |first=Karen |title=Ben Helfgott knighted in Queen's Birthday Honours |url=https://www.het.org.uk/ben-helfgott |access-date=2 October 2020 |website=Holocaust Educational Trust}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Helfgott a Piotrków Trybunalski, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland . Yana da shekaru 9 lokacin da Jamus ta mamaye kasar a 1939. A shekara ta 1942, da farko ya shawo kan Nazis cewa shi dan kabilar Poland ne, kuma ba Bayahude ba ne. Daga bisani aka tura shi sansanin fursuna. Da farko an tura shi Buchenwald, Helfgott ya tsira daga Holocaust. An sake shi a shekara ta 1945, amma yana da rauni sosai. Ya kasance daga cikin marayu 732 da ba su kai shekara 16 ba da aka kawo Ingila bayan yakin ta CBF World Jewish Relief bayan an sake shi daga Theresienstadt; ya zama wani ɓangare na isowar 300 na farko kuma ta haka ne na ƙungiyar da aka sani da Windermere Children waɗanda aka aika zuwa Troutbeck Bridge lokacin da suka iso. Shi da ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwansa mata (Mala Tribich, an haife shi Piotrków 24 Satumba 1930, yanzu yana zaune a London ) su ne kawai danginsa da suka tsira daga yaƙin; mahaifiyarsa da ƙaramar 'yar'uwarsa 'yar'uwa ta taru kuma ta harbe su. <ref name="BBC">{{Cite web |date=1 April 2007 |title=Ben Helfgott |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/features/desert-island-discs/castaway/c014b692#b007763z |website=Desert Island Discs |publisher=[[BBC Radio 4]]}}</ref> Akwai bayanin abubuwan da ya samu a lokacin da kuma bayan Holocaust a cikin littafin Martin Gilbert The Boys, The Story of 732 Young Concentration Camp Survivors game da matasa 732 da suka tsira daga sansanin fursuna waɗanda aka aika zuwa Ingila bayan yakin. == Ayyukan ɗaga nauyi == Helfgott ya lashe gasar zakarun Burtaniya ta {{Cvt|11|stone|kg}} (70 a shekara ta 1954, kuma ya kasance zakara mai sauƙi a shekara ta 1955, 1956, da 1958. Ya wakilci Burtaniya a cikin nauyin nauyi a gasar Olympics ta 1956 a Melbourne, Australia . Helfgott ya kasance kyaftin din kungiyoyin masu ɗaukar nauyi na Burtaniya a Wasannin Olympics na 1960 a Melbourne da kuma wasannin Olympics nke 1960 a Roma . Bugu da kari, ya lashe lambar tagulla a wasannin Daular Burtaniya da Commonwealth na 1958 da aka gudanar a Cardiff, South [[Wales]] . Helfgott ya kuma lashe lambar zinare a cikin nauyin nauyi a wasannin Maccabiah na 1950, 1953 da 1957. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Steve Lipman |date=13 August 2004 |title=The Olympics and The Holocaust |url=http://www.jewishfederations.org/page.aspx?id=70615 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130416004949/http://www.jewishfederations.org/page.aspx?id=70615 |archive-date=16 April 2013 |publisher=Jewish Federations of North America}}</ref> == Bayyanar kafofin watsa labarai == A matsayinsa na baƙo a shirin BBC Radio 4 Desert Island Discs a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 2007, ya zaɓi ya makale tare da kwafin Bertrand Russell's A History of Western Philosophy da mashaya tare da diski biyu don horo na nauyi.<ref name="BBC">{{Cite web |date=1 April 2007 |title=Ben Helfgott |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/features/desert-island-discs/castaway/c014b692#b007763z |website=Desert Island Discs |publisher=[[BBC Radio 4]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, Helfgott na ɗaya daga cikin Yahudawa biyar na Burtaniya da aka yi hira da su don baje kolin a Gidan Tarihin Yahudawa na London da ke bincika "hanyoyi daban-daban na zama Bayahude". A cikin 2018, Helfgott ya bayyana a cikin wani fitowar jerin shirye-shiryen BBC Wanene Kuna tunanin Kai ne? tare da Robert Rinder. A cikin shirin, Helfgott ya tuna yadda ya sadu da kakan mahaifiyar Rinder, Moszek (Moses, Morris), a sansanin fursuna na Schlieben.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Steve Lipman |date=13 August 2004 |title=The Olympics and The Holocaust |url=http://www.jewishfederations.org/page.aspx?id=70615 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130416004949/http://www.jewishfederations.org/page.aspx?id=70615 |archive-date=16 April 2013 |publisher=Jewish Federations of North America}}</ref> == Rayuwa da mutuwarsa == Helfgott ya auri Arza a shekarar 1966, tare da wanda ya haifi 'ya'ya maza uku da jikoki tara. Ya fara karatun a Jami'ar Southampton a 1948 amma ya fita bayan shekara guda kuma daga baya ya kasance abokin tarayya a cikin masana'antar tufafi. Helfgott ya mutu a ranar 16 ga Yuni 2023, yana da shekaru 93. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Steve Lipman |date=13 August 2004 |title=The Olympics and The Holocaust |url=http://www.jewishfederations.org/page.aspx?id=70615 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130416004949/http://www.jewishfederations.org/page.aspx?id=70615 |archive-date=16 April 2013 |publisher=Jewish Federations of North America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollock |first=Karen |title=Ben Helfgott knighted in Queen's Birthday Honours |url=https://www.het.org.uk/ben-helfgott |access-date=2 October 2020 |website=Holocaust Educational Trust}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka, girmamawa da karbuwa == === Poland === {| |[[Fayil:POL_Order_Zaslugi_RP_kl3_BAR.svg|60x60px]] |Cross na Kwamandan Order of Merit na Jamhuriyar Poland (2005) |- |[[Fayil:POL_Order_Zaslugi_RP_kl5_BAR.svg|60x60px]] |Knight's Cross na Order of Merit na Jamhuriyar Poland (1994) |} === Ƙasar Ingila === {| |[[Fayil:Knight_Bachelor_ribbon.svg|60x60px]] |Knight Bachelor (2018) |- |[[Fayil:Order_of_the_British_Empire_(Civil)_Ribbon.png|60x60px]] |[[Order of the British Empire|memba na Order of the British Empire]] (2000) |} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1929]] lxqr79fo6787378zggfhizbwbvaba4u 0 133773 821061 774832 2026-04-14T06:12:41Z BnHamid 12586 821061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Astrud Gilberto''' ( [asˈtɾud ʒiwˈbɛʁtu]; an haife ta '''Astrud Evangelina Weinert'''; 29 ga Maris, 1940 - 5 ga Yuni, 2023) ta kasance mawaƙiya ce ta Brazil da Amurka. Ita ce matar farko ta dan wasan Brazil mai suna João Gilberto, wanda ta ci samba da amfani da sunansa bayan kisan aurensu a shekarar 1964. Ta sami kulawa ta duniya a tsakiyar shekarun 1960 bayan gudummawar muryarta ga waƙar "The Girl from Ipanema", wanda aka ba ta [[Lambar yabo ta Grammy|Grammy]] a shekarar 1965. Astrud Gilberto ta ci gaba da zama sanannen mawaƙin bossa nova a Amurka da kuma duniya, ta kasancewar ta shahara musamman a Japan. Kodayake mafi kyawun sanannen aikinta ya kasance daga tsakiyar shekarun 1960 zuwa farkon shekarun 1970, tana da aikin waka sama da shekaru 30 kafin ta yi ritaya bayan fitowar kundi na karshe a 2002.{{IPA|pt|asˈtɾud ʒiwˈbɛʁtu|lang}}{{IPA|pt|asˈtɾud ʒiwˈbɛʁtu|lang}}{{IPA|pt|asˈtɾud ʒiwˈbɛʁtu|lang}} == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Astrud Gilberto Astrud Evangelina Weinert a ranar 29 ga Maris, 1940, a [[Salvador (Bahia)|Salvador, Bahia]] . Tana ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya mata uku na mahaifiyar Brazil, Evangelina Weinert (née Lobão), da kuma mahaifin baƙo na Jamus, Fritz Weinert . Sunan Astrud da 'yan uwanta Eda da Iduna sun samo asali ne daga tatsuniyoyin Jamusanci.{{Sfn|Castro|2000}} Mahaifinta malamin harshe ne kuma ta koyar da Jamusanci da Ingilishi, kuma ta zama mai iya magana da harsuna da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Astrud Gilberto is so much more than 'The Girl From Ipanema' |url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/astrud-gilberto-singer-life-legacy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626210642/https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/astrud-gilberto-singer-life-legacy/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=21 July 2020 |website=Udiscovermusic.com}}</ref> Har ila yau, yana da karamin suna a matsayin mai zane. Mahaifiyarta ta buga kayan kida da yawa kuma ta tabbatar da cewa Astrud ta sami ilimi a fannin kiɗa. A shekara ta 1947, iyalin suka koma [[Rio de Janeiro]], suna zaune a kan Avenida Atlântica a cikin gundumar Copacabana . A ƙarshen shekarunta, ta yi karatu a makarantar Colégio de Aplicação ta Rio.{{Sfn|Castro|2000}}''.{{Sfn|Castro|2000}}<ref name="denselow_06062023" />'' A ƙarshen shekarun 1950, ta kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar zamantakewar matasa na bohemian waɗanda suka zama sabon yanayin bossa nova a Rio. A shekara ta 1959, ta sadu da mawaƙin Brazil João Gilberto ta hanyar aboki, mawaƙi Nara Leão, kodayake wasu sassan labarin sun ce Ronaldo Bôscoli ne ya gabatar da João ga Astrud a gidan Leão, a cikin ƙoƙari na yin wasa. {{Sfn|Castro|2000}} Ba ta sha'awar shi da farko ba, amma waƙarsa da burinta na zama mawaƙa sun rinjaye ta (ba tare da ambaton cewa mahaifiyar Astrud ta yi farin ciki ba, tana la'akari da shi a matsayin mafi kyawun mawaƙa) kuma a farkon 1960 ta auri João.''{{Sfn|Castro|2000}}'' Ma'auratan sun zauna a wani gida a Rua Visconde de Pirajá a Ipanema, inda nan da nan suka jira haihuwar ɗansu João Marcelo (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960; cikakken suna João Gilberto Prado Pereira de Oliveira). ''{{Sfn|Castro|2000}}'' Astrud and João Gilberto frequently sang together at social gatherings, however, she had never performed on stage. Her debut public performance was at Brazil's watershed bossa nova music festival, ''A noite do amor, do sorriso e da flor'' (The Night of Love, the Smile, and the Flower), held on May 20, 1960. The festival took its name from João Gilberto's just-released album ''O Amor, o Sorriso e a Flor'', which in turn was taken from the lyrics of Antônio Carlos Jobim and Newton Mendonça's song "Meditação". The festival was held at the Faculdade de Arquitetura amphitheater (today the Teatro de Arena Carvalho Netto)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Astrud Gilberto is so much more than 'The Girl From Ipanema' |url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/astrud-gilberto-singer-life-legacy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626210642/https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/astrud-gilberto-singer-life-legacy/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=21 July 2020 |website=Udiscovermusic.com}}</ref> on the UFRJ [[:pt:Praia_Vermelha_(Rio_de_Janeiro)|Praia Vermelha]] campus, and attracted an audience of 3000 people. The billing included numerous stars of the still-young bossa nova scene, with João Gilberto headlining. Astrud performed two songs alongside her husband, "Lamento" and ''"''Brigas Nunca Mais", singing the lead vocals with João playing guitar and lending vocal harmonies. The performance was well received by the audience.{{Sfn|Castro|2000}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007 |editor-last=Cravo Albin |editor-first=Ricardo |title=A noite do amor, do sorriso e da flor |url=https://dicionariompb.com.br/termo/a-noite-do-amor-do-sorriso-e-da-flor/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070124161104/http://www.dicionariompb.com.br/verbete.asp?tabela=T_FORM_C&nome=A+noite+do+amor,+do+sorriso+e+da+flor |archive-date=2007-01-24 |access-date=2025-10-12 |website=[[Dicionário Cravo Albin da Música Popular Brasileira]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last3=Zuza Homem de Mello}}</ref> == ''Yarinyar daga Ipanema'' == João Gilberto ya fara yawon shakatawa a Amurka a shekarar 1962.{{Sfn|Castro|2000}} Wani shahararren wasan kwaikwayo na bossa nova a Carnegie Hall a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 1962 ya haifar da gayyatar João da Antônio Carlos Jobim don yin rikodin kundi tare da Stan Getz a Birnin New York don lakabin Verve. <ref name="gazetadopovo">{{Cite web |last=Muggiati |first=Roberto |date=15 March 2013 |title=Há 50 anos era gravado Getz/Gilberto o LP que colocou o Brasil no mapa |trans-title=50 years ago, Getz/Gilberto recorded the LP that put Brazil on the map |url=http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/caderno-g/ha-50-anos-era-gravado-getzgilberto-o-lp-que-colocou-o-brasil-no-mapa-azyprk2lwl6vdp6b8crf8vrym |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190129/http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/caderno-g/ha-50-anos-era-gravado-getzgilberto-o-lp-que-colocou-o-brasil-no-mapa-azyprk2lwl6vdp6b8crf8vrym |archive-date=3 March 2016 |website=Gazeta do Povo ([[:pt:Gazeta do Povo|pt]])}}</ref>{{Sfn|Castro|2000}} Astrud ya haɗu da João a wannan tafiya, yana aiki a matsayin mai fassara, saboda bai yi magana da Turanci ba. An gudanar da zaman rikodin ne a ranar 18-19, 1963 . <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Cathcart |first=Mark |date=2024-03-18 |title=On this day: ''Getz/Gilberto'' |url=https://www.ctproduced.com/on-this-day-getz-gilberto/ |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=Creed Taylor Produced |language=en-US}}</ref> A rana ta biyu na rikodin, Norman Gimbel ya ba da furodusa Creed Taylor kalmomin harshen Ingilishi don "The Girl from Ipanema", fassarar fassarar kalmomin don waƙoƙin Jobim da Vinicius na Moraes "Garota de Ipanema". Bayan la'akari da kuma watsar da ra'ayin yin rikodin waƙar daban a matsayin abin hawa na [[Sarah Vaughan]], Taylor ya amince da ra'ayinsa na ƙara muryoyin harshen Ingilishi zuwa rikodin tare da na Portuguese na João don inganta tallan sa ga masu sauraron Amurka. Bayanan sun bambanta game da yadda aka zaba Astrud a matsayin mai ba da labari a kan "The Girl from Ipanema".<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Cathcart |first=Mark |date=2024-03-18 |title=On this day: ''Getz/Gilberto'' |url=https://www.ctproduced.com/on-this-day-getz-gilberto/ |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=Creed Taylor Produced |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCathcart2024">Cathcart, Mark (2024-03-18). [https://www.ctproduced.com/on-this-day-getz-gilberto/ "On this day: ''Getz/Gilberto''"]. ''Creed Taylor Produced''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-05</span></span>.</cite></ref> An yarda cewa João bai iya raira waƙa a Turanci ba kuma Getz ba shi da sha'awar yin murya.{{Sfn|Castro|2000}} A cewar Astrud Gilberto kansa, João ya ce yana da "mamaki" a gare ta a lokacin zaman a wannan rana, kuma daga baya ya sa ta raira waƙoƙin Turanci a lokacin karatun ranar farko, bayan haka Stan Getz ya yarda da ƙwazo da sa ta raita a rikodin.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Gilberto |first=Astrud |date=2002 |title=Biography: An excerpt from the interview with Astrud Gilberto on how her career began |url=http://www.astrudgilberto.com/biography2.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925120545/http://www.astrudgilberto.com/biography2.htm |archive-date=2023-09-25 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Astrud Gilberto (The Official Website)}}</ref> Koyaya, bisa ga labarin da masanin tarihin bossa nova Ruy Castro ya bayar, ra'ayin shine Astrud, tare da João da farko yana jinkirin shi, amma ya wartsake ra'ayin bayan ya ji ta rera kalmomin.{{Sfn|Castro|2000}} Sauran asusun suna da'awar Getz ko Taylor suna da ra'ayin sa Astrud ta raira waƙa, <ref name=":8" /> wani lokacin tare da ƙarin da'awar cewa sun "gano" ta.{{Sfn|Maggin|1996}} Da zarar an rubuta waƙar, Taylor da Getz sun sami faɗar Astrud mai faɗakarwa da ɗan sauti don dacewa da taken waƙar daidai, tare da Getz da gaske yana gaya wa Astrud, "Wannan waƙar za ta sa ka shahara".<ref name=":8" /> Dangane da nasarar wannan rikodin, Taylor ya kuma sa Astrud ya raira waƙar Turanci a kan ƙarin waƙa, "Corcovado". <ref name="gazetadopovo">{{Cite web |last=Muggiati |first=Roberto |date=15 March 2013 |title=Há 50 anos era gravado Getz/Gilberto o LP que colocou o Brasil no mapa |trans-title=50 years ago, Getz/Gilberto recorded the LP that put Brazil on the map |url=http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/caderno-g/ha-50-anos-era-gravado-getzgilberto-o-lp-que-colocou-o-brasil-no-mapa-azyprk2lwl6vdp6b8crf8vrym |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190129/http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/caderno-g/ha-50-anos-era-gravado-getzgilberto-o-lp-que-colocou-o-brasil-no-mapa-azyprk2lwl6vdp6b8crf8vrym |archive-date=3 March 2016 |website=Gazeta do Povo ([[:pt:Gazeta do Povo|pt]])}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMuggiati2013">Muggiati, Roberto (2013-03-15). [http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/caderno-g/ha-50-anos-era-gravado-getzgilberto-o-lp-que-colocou-o-brasil-no-mapa-azyprk2lwl6vdp6b8crf8vrym "Há 50 anos era gravado Getz/Gilberto o LP que colocou o Brasil no mapa"] &#x5B;50 years ago, Getz/Gilberto recorded the LP that put Brazil on the map&#x5D;. ''Gazeta do Povo ([[:pt:Gazeta do Povo|pt]])''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190129/http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/caderno-g/ha-50-anos-era-gravado-getzgilberto-o-lp-que-colocou-o-brasil-no-mapa-azyprk2lwl6vdp6b8crf8vrym Archived] from the original on 2016-03-03.</cite></ref>{{Sfn|Castro|2000}} Duk da jin daɗin kundin da suka yi rikodin, Taylor, ganin tarin sabbin kundin bossa nova a kasuwar Amurka, ya jinkirta fitar da kundin. A ƙarshe za a sake shi shekara guda bayan an rubuta shi, a watan Maris na shekara ta 1964, a ƙarƙashin taken ''Getz / Gilbert'' . <ref name="gazetadopovo" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Cathcart |first=Mark |date=2024-03-18 |title=On this day: ''Getz/Gilberto'' |url=https://www.ctproduced.com/on-this-day-getz-gilberto/ |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=Creed Taylor Produced |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCathcart2024">Cathcart, Mark (2024-03-18). [https://www.ctproduced.com/on-this-day-getz-gilberto/ "On this day: ''Getz/Gilberto''"]. ''Creed Taylor Produced''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-05</span></span>.</cite></ref> A cikin ɗan lokaci tsakanin rikodin da sakin kundin, auren Astrud da João ya fara raguwa. Bayan ta bi mijinta don wani ɓangare na yawon shakatawa na Turai a lokacin rani na 1963, ta koma Rio ita kaɗai a watan Oktoba.{{Sfn|Castro|2000}} João, wanda ke fama da rauni a kafaɗarsa ta dama wanda ke sa ya zama da wuya a kunna guitar, ya yi tafiya zuwa Paris don tuntuɓar mai ba da magani a can.{{Sfn|Castro|2000}}{{Sfn|Castro|2000}} Yayinda yake a Paris, ya fara aiki tare da Heloísa Buarque (wanda aka sani da Miúcha), dalibi ne na Brazil kuma wani lokacin mawaƙi ne sannan yake zaune a Faransa. Da farko ya hayar Buarque a matsayin sakatarensa, ba da daɗewa ba shigarsu ta zama cikakkiyar al'amari, wanda ya haifar da rabuwa da ma'auratan.{{Sfn|Castro|2000}} ''Getz/Gilberto'' was released in March 1964, a year after it had been recorded, and was a major contributor to the already growing-popularity of bossa nova beyond Brazil. The production was financially successful for Stan Getz and João Gilberto: Getz made enough to buy a 20-room house, and João received $23,000 (about $240,000 in 2025 dollars)<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=CPI Inflation Calculator |url=https://www.bls.gov/data/inflation_calculator.htm |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=Bureau of Labor Statistics |language=en-us}}</ref> as his first royalties after the release in early 1964. However, Gene Lees relates in his memoir that Getz contacted producer Creed Taylor and demanded that Astrud was to be paid no royalties. She reportedly received a flat payment $120 for the recording (about $1250 in 2025 dollars),<ref name=":5" /> which was the usual fee for musicians for an evening's performance at the time.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Cathcart |first=Mark |date=2024-03-18 |title=On this day: ''Getz/Gilberto'' |url=https://www.ctproduced.com/on-this-day-getz-gilberto/ |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=Creed Taylor Produced |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCathcart2024">Cathcart, Mark (2024-03-18). [https://www.ctproduced.com/on-this-day-getz-gilberto/ "On this day: ''Getz/Gilberto''"]. ''Creed Taylor Produced''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-05</span></span>.</cite></ref> Astrud Gilberto, is mentioned by name only in the cover text, but not listed among the musicians.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Tafiya tare da Stan Getz da ƙarshen aure == [[Fayil:Swing-Journal-1964-November-3.jpg|thumb|307x307px|Stan Getz da Astrud Gilberto, 1964]] Stan Getz ya yi farin ciki game da rawar da ta taka a kan Getz / Gilbert kuma ya tambaye ta ta raira waƙa ga ƙungiyarsa. Ta koma Amurka, kamar yadda zai zama, har abada. Da farko an hayar ta don bayyana tare da Getz don yin aiki na makonni biyu a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Carter Barron a Washington, DC, an tsawaita wasan kwaikwayon zuwa aikin watanni shida wanda ta yi tafiya sosai tare da Getza har zuwa 1964.[1] An saki kundin rayuwa daga yawon shakatawa, Getz Au Go Go, a wannan shekarar, tare da Gilberto yana ba da gudummawa ga yawancin waƙoƙi. Gilberto da Getz sun kuma fito da kiɗa a wannan shekarar a fina-finai biyu, fim din rairayin bakin teku Get Yourself a College Girl da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na aikata laifuka na talabijin The Hanged Man . [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] te1la7vaikpxq4w1y608n8mf8usr4zs 821062 821061 2026-04-14T06:13:20Z BnHamid 12586 821062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Astrud Gilberto''' ( [asˈtɾud ʒiwˈbɛʁtu]; an haife ta '''Astrud Evangelina Weinert'''; 29 ga Maris, 1940 - 5 ga Yuni, 2023) ta kasance mawaƙiya ce ta Brazil da Amurka. Ita ce matar farko ta dan wasan Brazil mai suna João Gilberto, wanda ta ci samba da amfani da sunansa bayan kisan aurensu a shekarar 1964. Ta sami kulawa ta duniya a tsakiyar shekarun 1960 bayan gudummawar muryarta ga waƙar "The Girl from Ipanema", wanda aka ba ta [[Lambar yabo ta Grammy|Grammy]] a shekarar 1965. Astrud Gilberto ta ci gaba da zama sanannen mawaƙin bossa nova a Amurka da kuma duniya, ta kasancewar ta shahara musamman a Japan. Kodayake mafi kyawun sanannen aikinta ya kasance daga tsakiyar shekarun 1960 zuwa farkon shekarun 1970, tana da aikin waka sama da shekaru 30 kafin ta yi ritaya bayan fitowar kundi na karshe a 2002.{{IPA|pt|asˈtɾud ʒiwˈbɛʁtu|lang}}{{IPA|pt|asˈtɾud ʒiwˈbɛʁtu|lang}}{{IPA|pt|asˈtɾud ʒiwˈbɛʁtu|lang}} == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Astrud Gilberto Astrud Evangelina Weinert a ranar 29 ga Maris, 1940, a [[Salvador (Bahia)|Salvador, Bahia]] . Tana ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya mata uku na mahaifiyar Brazil, Evangelina Weinert (née Lobão), da kuma mahaifin baƙo na Jamus, Fritz Weinert . Sunan Astrud da 'yan uwanta Eda da Iduna sun samo asali ne daga tatsuniyoyin Jamusanci.{{Sfn|Castro|2000}} Mahaifinta malamin harshe ne kuma ta koyar da Jamusanci da Ingilishi, kuma ta zama mai iya magana da harsuna da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Astrud Gilberto is so much more than 'The Girl From Ipanema' |url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/astrud-gilberto-singer-life-legacy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626210642/https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/astrud-gilberto-singer-life-legacy/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=21 July 2020 |website=Udiscovermusic.com}}</ref> Har ila yau, yana da karamin suna a matsayin mai zane. Mahaifiyarta ta buga kayan kida da yawa kuma ta tabbatar da cewa Astrud ta sami ilimi a fannin kiɗa. A shekara ta 1947, iyalin suka koma [[Rio de Janeiro]], suna zaune a kan Avenida Atlântica a cikin gundumar Copacabana . A ƙarshen shekarunta, ta yi karatu a makarantar Colégio de Aplicação ta Rio.{{Sfn|Castro|2000}}''.{{Sfn|Castro|2000}}<ref name="denselow_06062023" />'' A ƙarshen shekarun 1950, ta kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar zamantakewar matasa na bohemian waɗanda suka zama sabon yanayin bossa nova a Rio. A shekara ta 1959, ta sadu da mawaƙin Brazil João Gilberto ta hanyar aboki, mawaƙi Nara Leão, kodayake wasu sassan labarin sun ce Ronaldo Bôscoli ne ya gabatar da João ga Astrud a gidan Leão, a cikin ƙoƙari na yin wasa. {{Sfn|Castro|2000}} Ba ta sha'awar shi da farko ba, amma waƙarsa da burinta na zama mawaƙa sun rinjaye ta (ba tare da ambaton cewa mahaifiyar Astrud ta yi farin ciki ba, tana la'akari da shi a matsayin mafi kyawun mawaƙa) kuma a farkon 1960 ta auri João.''{{Sfn|Castro|2000}}'' Ma'auratan sun zauna a wani gida a Rua Visconde de Pirajá a Ipanema, inda nan da nan suka jira haihuwar ɗansu João Marcelo (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960; cikakken suna João Gilberto Prado Pereira de Oliveira). ''{{Sfn|Castro|2000}}'' Astrud and João Gilberto frequently sang together at social gatherings, however, she had never performed on stage. Her debut public performance was at Brazil's watershed bossa nova music festival, ''A noite do amor, do sorriso e da flor'' (The Night of Love, the Smile, and the Flower), held on May 20, 1960. The festival took its name from João Gilberto's just-released album ''O Amor, o Sorriso e a Flor'', which in turn was taken from the lyrics of Antônio Carlos Jobim and Newton Mendonça's song "Meditação". The festival was held at the Faculdade de Arquitetura amphitheater (today the Teatro de Arena Carvalho Netto)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Astrud Gilberto is so much more than 'The Girl From Ipanema' |url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/astrud-gilberto-singer-life-legacy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626210642/https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/astrud-gilberto-singer-life-legacy/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=21 July 2020 |website=Udiscovermusic.com}}</ref> on the UFRJ [[:pt:Praia_Vermelha_(Rio_de_Janeiro)|Praia Vermelha]] campus, and attracted an audience of 3000 people. The billing included numerous stars of the still-young bossa nova scene, with João Gilberto headlining. Astrud performed two songs alongside her husband, "Lamento" and ''"''Brigas Nunca Mais", singing the lead vocals with João playing guitar and lending vocal harmonies. The performance was well received by the audience.{{Sfn|Castro|2000}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007 |editor-last=Cravo Albin |editor-first=Ricardo |title=A noite do amor, do sorriso e da flor |url=https://dicionariompb.com.br/termo/a-noite-do-amor-do-sorriso-e-da-flor/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070124161104/http://www.dicionariompb.com.br/verbete.asp?tabela=T_FORM_C&nome=A+noite+do+amor,+do+sorriso+e+da+flor |archive-date=2007-01-24 |access-date=2025-10-12 |website=[[Dicionário Cravo Albin da Música Popular Brasileira]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last3=Zuza Homem de Mello}}</ref> == ''Yarinyar daga Ipanema'' == João Gilberto ya fara yawon shakatawa a Amurka a shekarar 1962.{{Sfn|Castro|2000}} Wani shahararren wasan kwaikwayo na bossa nova a Carnegie Hall a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 1962 ya haifar da gayyatar João da Antônio Carlos Jobim don yin rikodin kundi tare da Stan Getz a Birnin New York don lakabin Verve. <ref name="gazetadopovo">{{Cite web |last=Muggiati |first=Roberto |date=15 March 2013 |title=Há 50 anos era gravado Getz/Gilberto o LP que colocou o Brasil no mapa |trans-title=50 years ago, Getz/Gilberto recorded the LP that put Brazil on the map |url=http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/caderno-g/ha-50-anos-era-gravado-getzgilberto-o-lp-que-colocou-o-brasil-no-mapa-azyprk2lwl6vdp6b8crf8vrym |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190129/http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/caderno-g/ha-50-anos-era-gravado-getzgilberto-o-lp-que-colocou-o-brasil-no-mapa-azyprk2lwl6vdp6b8crf8vrym |archive-date=3 March 2016 |website=Gazeta do Povo ([[:pt:Gazeta do Povo|pt]])}}</ref>{{Sfn|Castro|2000}} Astrud ya haɗu da João a wannan tafiya, yana aiki a matsayin mai fassara, saboda bai yi magana da Turanci ba. An gudanar da zaman rikodin ne a ranar 18-19, 1963 . <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Cathcart |first=Mark |date=2024-03-18 |title=On this day: ''Getz/Gilberto'' |url=https://www.ctproduced.com/on-this-day-getz-gilberto/ |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=Creed Taylor Produced |language=en-US}}</ref> A rana ta biyu na rikodin, Norman Gimbel ya ba da furodusa Creed Taylor kalmomin harshen Ingilishi don "The Girl from Ipanema", fassarar fassarar kalmomin don waƙoƙin Jobim da Vinicius na Moraes "Garota de Ipanema". Bayan la'akari da kuma watsar da ra'ayin yin rikodin waƙar daban a matsayin abin hawa na [[Sarah Vaughan]], Taylor ya amince da ra'ayinsa na ƙara muryoyin harshen Ingilishi zuwa rikodin tare da na Portuguese na João don inganta tallan sa ga masu sauraron Amurka. Bayanan sun bambanta game da yadda aka zaba Astrud a matsayin mai ba da labari a kan "The Girl from Ipanema".<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Cathcart |first=Mark |date=2024-03-18 |title=On this day: ''Getz/Gilberto'' |url=https://www.ctproduced.com/on-this-day-getz-gilberto/ |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=Creed Taylor Produced |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCathcart2024">Cathcart, Mark (2024-03-18). [https://www.ctproduced.com/on-this-day-getz-gilberto/ "On this day: ''Getz/Gilberto''"]. ''Creed Taylor Produced''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-05</span></span>.</cite></ref> An yarda cewa João bai iya raira waƙa a Turanci ba kuma Getz ba shi da sha'awar yin murya.{{Sfn|Castro|2000}} A cewar Astrud Gilberto kansa, João ya ce yana da "mamaki" a gare ta a lokacin zaman a wannan rana, kuma daga baya ya sa ta raira waƙoƙin Turanci a lokacin karatun ranar farko, bayan haka Stan Getz ya yarda da ƙwazo da sa ta raita a rikodin.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Gilberto |first=Astrud |date=2002 |title=Biography: An excerpt from the interview with Astrud Gilberto on how her career began |url=http://www.astrudgilberto.com/biography2.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925120545/http://www.astrudgilberto.com/biography2.htm |archive-date=2023-09-25 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Astrud Gilberto (The Official Website)}}</ref> Koyaya, bisa ga labarin da masanin tarihin bossa nova Ruy Castro ya bayar, ra'ayin shine Astrud, tare da João da farko yana jinkirin shi, amma ya wartsake ra'ayin bayan ya ji ta rera kalmomin.{{Sfn|Castro|2000}} Sauran asusun suna da'awar Getz ko Taylor suna da ra'ayin sa Astrud ta raira waƙa, <ref name=":8" /> wani lokacin tare da ƙarin da'awar cewa sun "gano" ta.{{Sfn|Maggin|1996}} Da zarar an rubuta waƙar, Taylor da Getz sun sami faɗar Astrud mai faɗakarwa da ɗan sauti don dacewa da taken waƙar daidai, tare da Getz da gaske yana gaya wa Astrud, "Wannan waƙar za ta sa ka shahara".<ref name=":8" /> Dangane da nasarar wannan rikodin, Taylor ya kuma sa Astrud ya raira waƙar Turanci a kan ƙarin waƙa, "Corcovado". <ref name="gazetadopovo">{{Cite web |last=Muggiati |first=Roberto |date=15 March 2013 |title=Há 50 anos era gravado Getz/Gilberto o LP que colocou o Brasil no mapa |trans-title=50 years ago, Getz/Gilberto recorded the LP that put Brazil on the map |url=http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/caderno-g/ha-50-anos-era-gravado-getzgilberto-o-lp-que-colocou-o-brasil-no-mapa-azyprk2lwl6vdp6b8crf8vrym |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190129/http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/caderno-g/ha-50-anos-era-gravado-getzgilberto-o-lp-que-colocou-o-brasil-no-mapa-azyprk2lwl6vdp6b8crf8vrym |archive-date=3 March 2016 |website=Gazeta do Povo ([[:pt:Gazeta do Povo|pt]])}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMuggiati2013">Muggiati, Roberto (2013-03-15). [http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/caderno-g/ha-50-anos-era-gravado-getzgilberto-o-lp-que-colocou-o-brasil-no-mapa-azyprk2lwl6vdp6b8crf8vrym "Há 50 anos era gravado Getz/Gilberto o LP que colocou o Brasil no mapa"] &#x5B;50 years ago, Getz/Gilberto recorded the LP that put Brazil on the map&#x5D;. ''Gazeta do Povo ([[:pt:Gazeta do Povo|pt]])''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190129/http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/caderno-g/ha-50-anos-era-gravado-getzgilberto-o-lp-que-colocou-o-brasil-no-mapa-azyprk2lwl6vdp6b8crf8vrym Archived] from the original on 2016-03-03.</cite></ref>{{Sfn|Castro|2000}} Duk da jin daɗin kundin da suka yi rikodin, Taylor, ganin tarin sabbin kundin bossa nova a kasuwar Amurka, ya jinkirta fitar da kundin. A ƙarshe za a sake shi shekara guda bayan an rubuta shi, a watan Maris na shekara ta 1964, a ƙarƙashin taken ''Getz / Gilbert'' . <ref name="gazetadopovo" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Cathcart |first=Mark |date=2024-03-18 |title=On this day: ''Getz/Gilberto'' |url=https://www.ctproduced.com/on-this-day-getz-gilberto/ |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=Creed Taylor Produced |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCathcart2024">Cathcart, Mark (2024-03-18). [https://www.ctproduced.com/on-this-day-getz-gilberto/ "On this day: ''Getz/Gilberto''"]. ''Creed Taylor Produced''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-05</span></span>.</cite></ref> A cikin ɗan lokaci tsakanin rikodin da sakin kundin, auren Astrud da João ya fara raguwa. Bayan ta bi mijinta don wani ɓangare na yawon shakatawa na Turai a lokacin rani na 1963, ta koma Rio ita kaɗai a watan Oktoba.{{Sfn|Castro|2000}} João, wanda ke fama da rauni a kafaɗarsa ta dama wanda ke sa ya zama da wuya a kunna guitar, ya yi tafiya zuwa Paris don tuntuɓar mai ba da magani a can.{{Sfn|Castro|2000}}{{Sfn|Castro|2000}} Yayinda yake a Paris, ya fara aiki tare da Heloísa Buarque (wanda aka sani da Miúcha), dalibi ne na Brazil kuma wani lokacin mawaƙi ne sannan yake zaune a Faransa. Da farko ya hayar Buarque a matsayin sakatarensa, ba da daɗewa ba shigarsu ta zama cikakkiyar al'amari, wanda ya haifar da rabuwa da ma'auratan.{{Sfn|Castro|2000}} ''Getz/Gilberto'' was released in March 1964, a year after it had been recorded, and was a major contributor to the already growing-popularity of bossa nova beyond Brazil. The production was financially successful for Stan Getz and João Gilberto: Getz made enough to buy a 20-room house, and João received $23,000 (about $240,000 in 2025 dollars)<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=CPI Inflation Calculator |url=https://www.bls.gov/data/inflation_calculator.htm |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=Bureau of Labor Statistics |language=en-us}}</ref> as his first royalties after the release in early 1964. However, Gene Lees relates in his memoir that Getz contacted producer Creed Taylor and demanded that Astrud was to be paid no royalties. She reportedly received a flat payment $120 for the recording (about $1250 in 2025 dollars),<ref name=":5" /> which was the usual fee for musicians for an evening's performance at the time.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Cathcart |first=Mark |date=2024-03-18 |title=On this day: ''Getz/Gilberto'' |url=https://www.ctproduced.com/on-this-day-getz-gilberto/ |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=Creed Taylor Produced |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCathcart2024">Cathcart, Mark (2024-03-18). [https://www.ctproduced.com/on-this-day-getz-gilberto/ "On this day: ''Getz/Gilberto''"]. ''Creed Taylor Produced''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-05</span></span>.</cite></ref> Astrud Gilberto, is mentioned by name only in the cover text, but not listed among the musicians.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2025}} == Tafiya tare da Stan Getz da ƙarshen aure == [[Fayil:Swing-Journal-1964-November-3.jpg|thumb|307x307px|Stan Getz da Astrud Gilberto, 1964]] Stan Getz ya yi farin ciki game da rawar da ta taka a kan Getz / Gilbert kuma ya tambaye ta ta raira waƙa ga ƙungiyarsa. Ta koma Amurka, kamar yadda zai zama, har abada. Da farko an hayar ta don bayyana tare da Getz don yin aiki na makonni biyu a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Carter Barron a Washington, DC, an tsawaita wasan kwaikwayon zuwa aikin watanni shida wanda ta yi tafiya sosai tare da Getza har zuwa 1964.[1] An saki kundin rayuwa daga yawon shakatawa, Getz Au Go Go, a wannan shekarar, tare da Gilberto yana ba da gudummawa ga yawancin waƙoƙi. Gilberto da Getz sun kuma fito da kiɗa a wannan shekarar a fina-finai biyu, fim din rairayin bakin teku Get Yourself a College Girl da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na aikata laifuka na talabijin The Hanged Man . ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] gzl9e0aqelw157f4ihvj46qoma2eo20 0 133813 820800 774894 2026-04-13T14:33:07Z BnHamid 12586 820800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hakeem Muhammad Akhtar''' (1928 - 2 Yuni 2013) masanin addinin Sunni ne na Pakistan, mawaki, mai ba da agaji kuma mai ba da shawara na [[Sufiyya|Sufi]]. Ya kafa Jamiah Ashraful Madāris a Karachi . Ya kasance tsohon jami'in Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Jihar Unani Allahabad da Madrasa Bait-ul-Uloom, Sarai Mir . Ya kasance almajirin Abrarul Haq Haqqi. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da ''Ma'ārif-e-Masnawi'' da ''Faizān-e-Muḥabbat'' . == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Hakeem Muhammad Akhtar a 1928 a Pratapgarh . Ya yi karatu a Pratapgarh kuma ya yi karatun Farisa tare da Qāri Muḥammad Siddīq a Sultanpur . <ref name="edu" /> Ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Jihar Unani Allahabad a 1944 inda malaminsa shine Hakim Aḥmad Usmāni, mahaifin Hakim Hammad Usmani . Ya kasance yana son karatun kimiyyar Islama, kuma ya kammala dars-e-nizami na gargajiya a Madrasa Bait-ul-Uloom a Sarai Mir a cikin shekaru hudu. Akhtar ya yi nazarin ''[[Kutub al-Sittah|Sihah Sittah]]'' tare da [[Abdul Ghani Phulpuri]], dalibi na Majid Ali Jaunpuri . Ya ci gaba da sha'awar [[Sufiyya|Sufism]] a farkon kwanakin kuma ya amfana daga Abdul Ghani Phulpuri, Abrarul Haq Haqqi da Muhammad Ahmad Pratapgarhi . <ref name="zahid">{{Cite web |last=Zahid Ur Rashdi |author-link=Zahid Ur Rashdi |title=Mawlāna Shah Hakeem Muḥammad Akhtar |url=http://zahidrashdi.org/183 |access-date=16 May 2021 |website=zahidrashdi.org |language=ur}}</ref> Haqqi ya ba shi izini a cikin Ashrafia, Chistiyyah, Naqshbandiyah, [[Qadiriya|Qadiriyah]] da umarnin Suhrawardiyya na Sufism.<ref name="ilmgate">{{Cite web |last=Mufti Seraj Desai |date=10 June 2013 |title=The Passing of a Great Sufi Master: Mawlana Hakeem Muhammad Akhtar |url=https://www.ilmgate.org/the-passing-of-of-a-great-sufi-master-mawlana-hakeem-muhammad-akhtar/ |access-date=16 May 2021 |website=ilmgate.org}}</ref> Akhtar ya yi ƙaura zuwa [[Pakistan]] a cikin 1960 Taron da mai ba da shawara na Sufi Abdul Ghani Phulpuri . A shekara ta 1980, ya fara "Khanqāh Imdādiya Ashrafiya" a Karachi bisa ga sha'awar Abrarul Haq Haqqi . Almajiransa sun fara rassa a [[Bangladesh]], [[Indiya]], [[Kenya]], [[Moris|Mauritius]], [[Myanmar]], Réunion, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da [[Turkiyya]].<ref name="kkhanqah" /> Akhtar ya kafa Jamiah Ashraful Madāris, sanannen seminary a Gulistan-e-Johar, Karachi, a cikin 1998. Akhtar ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2013 a [[Karachi]] . <ref name="ilmgate" /><ref name="zahid" /> Ɗansa Hakeem Muḥammad Mazhar ne ya jagoranci addu'ar jana'izarsa kuma malaman da suka hada da Abdul Ghafoor Haideri, Aurangzaib Farooqi, Mufti Muhammad Naeem, Rafi Usmani, Saleemullah Khan da Zar Wali Khan sun halarta. Almajiransa a cikin Sufism sun hada da [[Abdul Hamid Ishaq]], [[Fazlur Rahman Azmi]], Muhammad Ilyas Ghuman, [[Salman Nadvi]] da [[Younus Patel]] . == Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen == Ayyukan Akhtar sun hada da:<ref>{{Citation}}</ref> * ''Ma'ārif-e-Masnawi'', sharhi game da ''Masnavi'' na [[Rumi]]. Wannan babban aikin Akhtar ya sami yabo daga malaman Islama kamar [[Muhammad Yousuf Banuri|Yousuf Banuri]], Zakariyya Kandhlawi da Manzoor Nomani . <ref name="ilmgate">{{Cite web |last=Mufti Seraj Desai |date=10 June 2013 |title=The Passing of a Great Sufi Master: Mawlana Hakeem Muhammad Akhtar |url=https://www.ilmgate.org/the-passing-of-of-a-great-sufi-master-mawlana-hakeem-muhammad-akhtar/ |access-date=16 May 2021 |website=ilmgate.org}}</ref> Masanin Afirka ta Kudu Yusuf Karaan ne ya fassara shi cikin Turanci.<ref>{{Citation}}</ref> * ''Darussan kan Mathnawi na Moulana Rumi: kan soyayya da sanarwa'' * ''Tajalliat-E-Jazb: bayyanar jan hankalin Allah'' * ''Ma'rifat-e-Ilāhiya'' * ''Rūh ki bīmāriyān aur unka ilāj'' * ''Faizān-e-Muḥabbat'' == Dubi kuma == * Jerin Deobandis == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Bayanan littattafai == * {{Cite journal |last=Khan |first=Waleed |date=2021 |title=An Introductory Review of the Remarkable Books and Exhortations of Molana Hakim Akhtar R.A (Silsla e Akhtaria) |url=http://rahatulquloob.com/index.php/rahat/article/view/143 |journal=Rahat-ul-Quloob |language=ur |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=87–94 |doi=10.51411/rahat.5.1.2021/143 |issn=2521-2869 |s2cid=242123984 |doi-access=free}} * {{Cite journal |last=Khaliq Dad |date=January–June 2019 |title=Maulana Shah Hakeem Muhammad Akhtar: Hayāt-o-Khidmāt |trans-title=Life and services of Maulana Shah Hakeem Muhammad Akhtar |url=https://iri.aiou.edu.pk/indexing/?p=44455 |url-status=dead |journal=Rāhatul Qulūb |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=28–41 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516051706/https://iri.aiou.edu.pk/indexing/?p=44455 |archive-date=16 May 2021 |access-date=16 May 2021}}  [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2013]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1928]] fsnmrsogfsq40iumh0oxl801yq4sapt 0 134131 820797 775498 2026-04-13T14:28:31Z BnHamid 12586 820797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anastasios Dalipis''' ([[Girka (ƙasa)|Girkanci]]: Αναστάσιος Νταλίπης; 1896-1949), yawanci ana kiransa '''Tasos Dalipis''', jami'in Sojojin Girka ne kuma ɗan siyasa, wanda aka zaba sau da yawa a matsayin memba na Majalisar Girka kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Minista Gwamna Janar na Yammacin Makidoniya daga 1946 zuwa 1947. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Anastasios Dalipis a shekara ta 1896 a ƙauyen Gavros a cikin garin Kastoria na zamani, sannan wani ɓangare na Manastir Vilayet na [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] . Shi ne ɗan na biyu na kyaftin din Gwagwarmayar Makidoniya Dimitris Dalipis, wanda ke aiki a yankin Korestia, kuma an kashe shi yana yaƙi da ''komitadji'' na Bulgarian da sojojin Ottoman a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 1906 a tudun Asvos na Korestia, a kan hanyar zuwa Prespes . Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsu, an taimaka wa matashi Anastasios da 'yan uwansa su tsere zuwa Masarautar Girka mai zaman kanta, saboda tsoron Bulgarians. A lokacin barkewar Yaƙin Balkan na farko a 1912, yana da shekaru 16, yana gabatar da takardun karya saboda ƙuruciyarsa, ya ba da kansa a cikin sojojin Girka kuma ya shiga matsayin soja a Yaƙin Bizani . A shekara ta 1917 ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Sojojin Girka a matsayin mataimakin na biyu. Ya yi yaƙi a cikin Yakin Ƙananan Asiya inda aka yi masa ado da Gold Cross of Valour . An kashe ɗan'uwansa, mataimakin na biyu Athanasios Dalipis, yana yaƙi a yakin Asia Minor . A shekara ta 1923 ya bar sojoji, ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Kasa ta Athens kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin injiniyan binciken a yankuna daban-daban na Girka. Ya shiga siyasa kuma an zabe shi dan majalisa na Kastoria-Florina Prefecture a zaben 1932, 1935 da 1936. Tare da barkewar Yaƙin Girka da Italiya a cikin 1940 an tuno shi zuwa soja kuma ya yi yaƙi a gaban Albania, a matsayin mataimakin kwamandan sannan kuma kwamandan 33rd Infantry Regiment. An ji masa rauni a yankin Boubesi (Height 717) kuma an yi masa ado a karo na biyu, tare da Gold Cross of Valour . Bayan mamayar Jamus a Girka, an kwashe Dalipis zuwa tsibirin Karita, inda ya yi yaƙi a Yaƙin tsibirin Krita . An kwashe shi zuwa Misira tare da rundunar Ingila ta ƙarshe (29 ga Mayu 1941), inda ya shiga rundunar hadin gwiwa ta Gabas ta Tsakiya. A can ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan garuruwan Alexandria da Tel Aviv . Tare da 'yancin Girka a 1944 ya koma kasar kuma ya bar soja, bayan ya kai matsayin Colonel. A shekara ta 1946 an zabe shi a karo na huɗu mataimakin Kastoria-Florina Prefecture. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Minista Gwamna-Janar na Yammacin Makidoniya a cikin majalisun [[Konstantinos Tsaldaris]] da Dimitrios Maximos a 1946-1947, a lokacin shekaru masu wahala na Yaƙin basasar Girka . Shi ne ɗan siyasan Girka na farko wanda, tare da wata kasida a cikin jaridar ''Ellinikon Aima'', ya zargi Josip Broz Tito da Yugoslavia da shiga kai tsaye a cikin Yakin basasar Girka, tare da niyyar dogon lokaci na raba Girka Makidoniya. Daga nan sai Tito ya nuna rashin amincewa da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kuma ya dawo da jakadansa a Girka. Dalipis ya gabatar da murabus dinsa da nufin sauƙaƙe gwamnatin Girka. Ba a yarda da murabus dinsa ba kuma bayan haka gwamnatin Girka ta koka wa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da Yugoslavia. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1896]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] medd3r8eyeebvq026fr3cd5ygxzz9zp 820798 820797 2026-04-13T14:32:08Z BnHamid 12586 Sanya manazarta 820798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anastasios Dalipis''' ([[Girka (ƙasa)|Girkanci]]: Αναστάσιος Νταλίπης; 1896-1949), yawanci ana kiransa '''Tasos Dalipis''', jami'in Sojojin Girka ne kuma ɗan siyasa, wanda aka zaba sau da yawa a matsayin memba na Majalisar Girka kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Minista Gwamna Janar na Yammacin Makidoniya daga 1946 zuwa 1947. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Anastasios Dalipis a shekara ta 1896 a ƙauyen Gavros a cikin garin Kastoria na zamani, sannan wani ɓangare na Manastir Vilayet na [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] . Shi ne ɗan na biyu na kyaftin din Gwagwarmayar Makidoniya Dimitris Dalipis, wanda ke aiki a yankin Korestia, kuma an kashe shi yana yaƙi da ''komitadji'' na Bulgarian da sojojin Ottoman a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 1906 a tudun Asvos na Korestia, a kan hanyar zuwa Prespes.<ref>G.Modi-Macedonian Struggle and modern Macedonian History-page 284</ref> Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsu, an taimaka wa matashi Anastasios da 'yan uwansa su tsere zuwa Masarautar Girka mai zaman kanta, saboda tsoron Bulgarians.<ref>Athina Tzinikou-Kakouri-The Macedonian woman in the legend and history-pages 179–182</ref> A lokacin barkewar Yaƙin Balkan na farko a 1912, yana da shekaru 16, yana gabatar da takardun karya saboda ƙuruciyarsa, ya ba da kansa a cikin sojojin Girka kuma ya shiga matsayin soja a Yaƙin Bizani . A shekara ta 1917 ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Sojojin Girka a matsayin mataimakin na biyu. Ya yi yaƙi a cikin Yakin Ƙananan Asiya inda aka yi masa ado da Gold Cross of Valour. An kashe ɗan'uwansa, mataimakin na biyu Athanasios Dalipis, yana yaƙi a yakin Asia Minor. A shekara ta 1923 ya bar sojoji, ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Kasa ta Athens kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin injiniyan binciken a yankuna daban-daban na Girka. Ya shiga siyasa kuma an zabe shi dan majalisa na Kastoria-Florina Prefecture a zaben 1932, 1935 da 1936. Tare da barkewar Yaƙin Girka da Italiya a cikin 1940 an tuno shi zuwa soja kuma ya yi yaƙi a gaban Albania, a matsayin mataimakin kwamandan sannan kuma kwamandan 33rd Infantry Regiment. An ji masa rauni a yankin Boubesi (Height 717) kuma an yi masa ado a karo na biyu, tare da Gold Cross of Valour . Bayan mamayar Jamus a Girka, an kwashe Dalipis zuwa tsibirin Karita, inda ya yi yaƙi a Yaƙin tsibirin Krita . An kwashe shi zuwa Misira tare da rundunar Ingila ta ƙarshe (29 ga Mayu 1941), inda ya shiga rundunar hadin gwiwa ta Gabas ta Tsakiya. A can ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan garuruwan Alexandria da Tel Aviv . Tare da 'yancin Girka a 1944 ya koma kasar kuma ya bar soja, bayan ya kai matsayin Colonel.<ref>Newspaper Ellinikon Aima-1946</ref><ref>Newspaper Cambera Times-Australia-1946</ref><ref>Newspaper Ellinikon Aima-30 July 1947</ref><ref>Newspaper Ethnikos Kirix −21 February 1965-Sheet 5784</ref> A shekara ta 1946 an zabe shi a karo na huɗu mataimakin Kastoria-Florina Prefecture. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Minista Gwamna-Janar na Yammacin Makidoniya a cikin majalisun [[Konstantinos Tsaldaris]] da Dimitrios Maximos a 1946-1947, a lokacin shekaru masu wahala na Yaƙin basasar Girka . Shi ne ɗan siyasan Girka na farko wanda, tare da wata kasida a cikin jaridar ''Ellinikon Aima'', ya zargi Josip Broz Tito da Yugoslavia da shiga kai tsaye a cikin Yakin basasar Girka, tare da niyyar dogon lokaci na raba Girka Makidoniya. Daga nan sai Tito ya nuna rashin amincewa da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kuma ya dawo da jakadansa a Girka. Dalipis ya gabatar da murabus dinsa da nufin sauƙaƙe gwamnatin Girka. Ba a yarda da murabus dinsa ba kuma bayan haka gwamnatin Girka ta koka wa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da Yugoslavia. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1896]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g1sruvj4hu8ia21b8n3ccuho9bwl0fa 0 134132 820802 775500 2026-04-13T14:34:04Z BnHamid 12586 820802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anestis Delias''' (Girkanci: ; 1912 - 31 ga Yulin 1944) ya kasance ɗan wasan bouzouki na Girka, mawaƙi kuma mawaƙi na rebetiko . Delias ya fito ne daga dangin mawaƙa na [[Izmir|Smyrna]] a AnAnatolia ya isa ƙaƘasar Girka matsayin matashi ɗan gudun hijira a lokacin yaYaƙin Girka da Turkiyya zama ƙwararren ɗan wasa na bouzouki kuma ya haɗu da wasu mawaƙa a cikin unguwanni na 'y'yan gudun hijira At[[Athens]] PiPiraeus kirkiro kiɗa a cikin shekarun 1930 wanda ke nuna nau'in da aka sani da Piraeus rebetiko . Delias ya taka leda a farkon rikodin rebetiko, gami da waƙoƙin kansa da aka fitar a ƙarƙashin sunansa. Ya zama mai jajaraba heheroin ya mutu daga yunwa, wanda ya kara da do[[Addiction|dogaro da miyagun ƙwayoyi]] lokacin da Nazi ta mamaye Girka. Duk da gajeren rayuwarsa, Anestis Delias ya kasance muhimmiyar adadi kuma mai tasiri na Piraeus-style na rebetiko. == Tarihin rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko === An haifi Delias Anastasios Delios (Αναστάσιος Δέλιoς) a cikin 1912 a [[Izmir|Smyrna]], a bakin tekun AeAegean AnAnatolia Mahaifinsa, Panagiotis Delios, ya kasance mai yin takalma ta hanyar sana'a kuma sanannen ƙwararren mawaƙi ne a Asiya Ƙananan. Iyalin Delios suna da muhimmiyar al'adun kiɗa; kamar mahaifinsa a gabansa, Panagiotis Delios ya buga saSantouri ɗan'uwansa Michalis (ɗan kawun Delias) ya buga violin. Mahaifiyar Delias, Photina, ita ma mawaƙa ce. Panagiotis Delios an san shi da 'Μαύρη Γάτα' ('Black Cat'), wani lakabi daga baya ya ba Anestis Delias ta 'yan uwansa mawaƙa.[1] A watan Yulin 1922, matashi Anestis, mai shekaru goma, ya isa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Piraeus a Girka tare da mahaifiyarsa mai ciki da ƙanwarta, 'yan gudun hijira daga matakai na ƙarshe na Yaƙin Girka da Turkiyya. Mahaifinsa ya kasance a Smyrna kuma an kashe shi a wannan shekarar a lokacin lalacewa da ta'addanci da suka faru lokacin da sojojin Turkiyya suka kama birnin. Iyalin sun zauna a Drapetsona, ɗaya daga cikin unguwanni na 'yan gudun hijira na Piraeus (a gefen arewacin ƙofar), kuma an haifi' yar'uwar Delias Eleni ba da daɗewa ba.[1] A shekara ta 1928 yawan mutanen Athens kusan ya ninka sau biyu sakamakon yunkurin 'yan gudun hijirar Kirista daga Asiya Ƙananan zuwa ƙasar Girka, tare da sakamakon cewa an kewaye birnin da sansanoni da garuruwan shanty kamar Drapetsona da Kokkinia, tare da yawan mutanen da suka fi talauci galibi suna magana da Turkiyya a matsayin yarensu na farko.[2] A matsayinsa na ɗa kaɗai na iyalin, Anestis ya yi aiki a ayyuka daban-daban don tallafa wa mahaifiyarsa gwauruwa da 'yan uwansa mata biyu. A cikin kimanin 1930 Delias ya sami aiki a wani gidan cin abinci a Drapetsona, inda ya sadu da tsofaffin 'yan wasan bouzouki kamar Nikos Aivaliotis, da kuma' yan wasan da suka fi tsufa kamar Markos Vamvakaris da Stratos Pagioumtzis. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata a Girka, bouzouki kayan aiki ne na matsayi mara kyau na zamantakewa, wanda sabon ƙarni na mawaƙa da ke zaune a cikin birane masu gudun hijira suka rungumi shi. === Tari === A cikin 1988, lakabin Αδελφοί Φαληρέα (Falireas Brothers), lakabin rikodin Girka mai zaman kansa wanda aka kafa a farkon shekarun 1980, ya buga tarin LP na rikodin Delias (tare da waƙoƙi biyu da aka saki a ƙarƙashin sunan Stratos Pagioumtzis, wanda Delias ya buga bouzouki). Daga baya aka saki tarin a kan lakabin Lyra . <ref>Gauntlett (2003), p. 253.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1912]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bl2gpdtg87wc27oyl7dla642eej09nd 0 134732 821058 776589 2026-04-14T06:11:47Z BnHamid 12586 821058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sara Fortis''' (Ibraniyawa; an haife ta a shekara ta 1927) tsohuwar memba ce ta adawa da Girka da [[Isra'ila]]. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Fortis ya yi yaƙi a matsayin wani ɓangare na juriya ta Girka a kan ikon Axis mai mamayewa. Daga baya ta koma Isra'ila. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Sara Fortis Sarika Yehoshua a 1927 a Chalkis . Mahaifiyarta ce ta yi renonta bayan mahaifinta ya mutu da wuri a rayuwarta. Iyalin sun bayyana kansu a matsayin Helenawa, amma suna yin fannoni na bangaskiyarsu ta Yahudawa. Sara 'yar uwar Mordekai Frizis ce, babban jami'in Yahudawa a cikin sojojin Girka wanda daga baya za a kashe shi a Yaƙin Girka da Italiya.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Greek Resistance During World War II {{!}} Jewish Women's Archive |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/greek-resistance-during-world-war-ii |access-date=2018-10-12 |website=jwa.org |language=en}}</ref> Lokacin da sojojin Jamus da Italiya suka mamaye Girka a cikin bazara na 1941, Sarika da mahaifiyarta sun ɓoye bangaskiyarsu kuma sun haɗu da fararen hula; duk da haka, a cikin 1943 sun tsere daga gidansu kuma suka nemi mafaka a cikin tsaunuka na Euboea. A can, Sara ta shiga cikin yunkurin adawa na Girka a kan sojojin mamayar Jamus. Ta mayar da hankali ga kokarin da ta yi na daukar wasu mata don yin yaƙi da Jamusawa; [1] wannan ya biya, kuma ta sami damar samar da rundunar yaƙi wacce ta ƙware wajen amfani da dabarun karkatarwa don jawo sojojin Jamus daga wuraren da wasu mayakan adawa suka shirya su kai farmaki. Duk da nasarar wadannan ayyukan, Sara da ƙungiyarta ba koyaushe ana yaba musu da nasarorin da suka samu ba, saboda ba za a iya ganewa ba cewa mata za su iya cimma irin waɗannan ayyukan.[2][3][4] Lokacin da take da shekaru 18, Sara ta kasance sananniya sosai don a kira ta "Kapitan Sarika". Ta ci gaba da yin yaƙi da Jamusawa har zuwa lokacin da aka 'yantar da Girka a ƙarshen 1944. Bayan janyewar sojojin Jamus, Girka ta sauka cikin yakin basasa yayin da bangarorin hagu da dama a cikin ƙasar suka yi yaƙi don iko. Kungiyar 'yan tawaye ta Sara ta kasance a adawa da gwamnatin Girka ta dama, wanda ya haifar da kama ta. Koyaya, an sake ta kuma ta sake zama a Isra'ila.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Greek Resistance During World War II {{!}} Jewish Women's Archive |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/greek-resistance-during-world-war-ii |access-date=2018-10-12 |website=jwa.org |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 1991 wani Makami mai linzami na SCUD na Iraqi ya lalata gidanta a Isra'ila a lokacin yakin Gulf na Farisa . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Greek Resistance During World War II {{!}} Jewish Women's Archive |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/greek-resistance-during-world-war-ii |access-date=2018-10-12 |website=jwa.org |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1927]] dzwo4a46286t3x2628zyiq1riq73539 0 134757 820790 776652 2026-04-13T14:25:30Z BnHamid 12586 820790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Vicky Safra''' (Girkanci: ; an haife ta a ranar 1 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1952) <ref name="ForbesVickySafra">{{Cite web |last= |first= |author-link= |date= |title=– #339 Vicky Safra |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/vicky-safra/?sh=67cad48e7083 |access-date=16 October 2021 |website=[[The World's Billionaires]] – [[Forbes (magazine)|The World's Billionaires]] – [[Forbes]]}}</ref> ƴar Girka ce mai biliyan biliyan kuma memba ne na dangin Safra . An haifi Safra Vicky Sarfati (Βίκυ Σαφάρτη) a Girka, [1] 'yar Fortunée (née Eskenazi) (1926-2015) da Alberto El Sarfaty (1914-2003). [2] A shekara ta 1969, ta auri Joseph Safra (1938-2020). [3] Mijinta ya mutu a shekarar 2020 ya bar dukiyarsa ga ita da 'ya'yansu.[4] Ta jagoranci Gidauniyar Joseph Safra Philanthropic . [4] Ita 'yar ƙasar Girka ce amma tana zaune a Crans-Montana, Switzerland . <ref name="ForbesVickySafra">{{Cite web |last= |first= |author-link= |date= |title=– #339 Vicky Safra |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/vicky-safra/?sh=67cad48e7083 |access-date=16 October 2021 |website=[[The World's Billionaires]] – [[Forbes (magazine)|The World's Billionaires]] – [[Forbes]]}}</ref> Tana da 'ya'ya hudu tare da mijinta: [[Jacob J. Safra]], [[Esther Safra Dayan]] (ya auri {{Interlanguage link|Carlos Dayan|pt}}, ɗan Sasson Dayan), Alberto J. Safr, da David J. Sa Fra.[pt]<ref name="JVCourt">{{Cite web |date=27 April 2016 |title=Court Accepts Charges Against Brazil Banker Joseph Safra |url=http://thejewishvoice.com/2016/04/27/court-accepts-charges-against-brazil-banker-joseph-safra/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905064040/https://thejewishvoice.com/2016/04/court-accepts-charges-against-brazil-banker-joseph-safra/ |archive-date=5 September 2023 |access-date=16 October 2021 |publisher=[[Jewish Voice]]}}</ref> Jacob ne ke da alhakin ayyukan kasa da kasa (Safra National Bank of New York da J. Safra Sarasin na Switzerland) yayin da David ke kula da Banco Safra a Brazil.<ref name="JVCourt" /> Ya zuwa watan Disamba na shekara ta 2024, ''Forbes'' ta kiyasta darajarta a dala biliyan 18.<ref name="Forbes Vicky Safra profile">{{Cite web |title=Forbes profile: Vicky Safra & family |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/vicky-safra/ |access-date=8 December 2024 |website=Forbes}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ti0mmbdt4pfd4xoqtip1143h07g2qhc 820791 820790 2026-04-13T14:26:01Z BnHamid 12586 820791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Vicky Safra''' (Girkanci: ; an haife ta a ranar 1 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1952) <ref name="ForbesVickySafra">{{Cite web |last= |first= |author-link= |date= |title=– #339 Vicky Safra |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/vicky-safra/?sh=67cad48e7083 |access-date=16 October 2021 |website=[[The World's Billionaires]] – [[Forbes (magazine)|The World's Billionaires]] – [[Forbes]]}}</ref> ƴar Girka ce mai biliyan biliyan kuma memba ne na dangin Safra . ==Farkon rayuwa== An haifi Safra Vicky Sarfati (Βίκυ Σαφάρτη) a Girka, [1] 'yar Fortunée (née Eskenazi) (1926-2015) da Alberto El Sarfaty (1914-2003). [2] A shekara ta 1969, ta auri Joseph Safra (1938-2020). [3] Mijinta ya mutu a shekarar 2020 ya bar dukiyarsa ga ita da 'ya'yansu.[4] Ta jagoranci Gidauniyar Joseph Safra Philanthropic . [4] Ita 'yar ƙasar Girka ce amma tana zaune a Crans-Montana, Switzerland . <ref name="ForbesVickySafra">{{Cite web |last= |first= |author-link= |date= |title=– #339 Vicky Safra |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/vicky-safra/?sh=67cad48e7083 |access-date=16 October 2021 |website=[[The World's Billionaires]] – [[Forbes (magazine)|The World's Billionaires]] – [[Forbes]]}}</ref> Tana da 'ya'ya hudu tare da mijinta: [[Jacob J. Safra]], [[Esther Safra Dayan]] (ya auri {{Interlanguage link|Carlos Dayan|pt}}, ɗan Sasson Dayan), Alberto J. Safr, da David J. Sa Fra.[pt]<ref name="JVCourt">{{Cite web |date=27 April 2016 |title=Court Accepts Charges Against Brazil Banker Joseph Safra |url=http://thejewishvoice.com/2016/04/27/court-accepts-charges-against-brazil-banker-joseph-safra/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905064040/https://thejewishvoice.com/2016/04/court-accepts-charges-against-brazil-banker-joseph-safra/ |archive-date=5 September 2023 |access-date=16 October 2021 |publisher=[[Jewish Voice]]}}</ref> Jacob ne ke da alhakin ayyukan kasa da kasa (Safra National Bank of New York da J. Safra Sarasin na Switzerland) yayin da David ke kula da Banco Safra a Brazil.<ref name="JVCourt" /> Ya zuwa watan Disamba na shekara ta 2024, ''Forbes'' ta kiyasta darajarta a dala biliyan 18.<ref name="Forbes Vicky Safra profile">{{Cite web |title=Forbes profile: Vicky Safra & family |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/vicky-safra/ |access-date=8 December 2024 |website=Forbes}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ftaqvpa1cexykvxec6b9kyzsu92yy07 0 134782 821067 776692 2026-04-14T06:15:09Z BnHamid 12586 821067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ishaq Sambhali''' (wanda aka fi sani da Maulana) ɗan siyasan Indiya ne, mai fafutukar 'yanci, ɗan jarida kuma memba na majalisa daga mazabar Amroha ta [[Uttar Pradesh]] . An ɗaure shi sau biyu a lokacin yunkurin 'yancin kai na Indiya. Ya kasance yana da alaƙa da Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Indiya, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na majalisa sau biyu a lokacin zaben Lok Sabha na 4 da Lok Sabha ta 5. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Member bioprofile |url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/1941.htm}}</ref> == Siyasa == Sambhali ya sami ilimin siyasa a Darul Uloom Deoband da Jami'ar Lucknow . Da farko an haɗa shi da Majalisar Dokokin Indiya, Jam'iyyar Kisan Mazdoor Praja da Jam'iyyar Socialist ta Praja, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban sakatare na Majalisa a 1937 da Kwamitin Majalisa Deoband a 1945. An ɗaure shi sau biyu a lokacin yunkurin 'yancin kai na Indiya. Ashfaq ya shirya sakatare na ''Majalisar hadin kan kasa ta Indiya'' a 1963 kuma sakatare ne na ''Majalisar Zaman Lafiya ta Indiya'' a 1967. Daga 1968 zuwa 1971, ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind Uttar Pradesh . <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haifi Sambhali a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1921 a garin Thanabhawan na Muzaffarnagar . An haife shi ga Ahmad Hassan, kuma ya auri Najma Begum a watan Yunin 1953. <ref name="auto" /> Yana da 'ya'ya mata biyu da' ya'ya maza biyu.<ref name="auto" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1999]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1921]] 0jq82fn53b1dzyva6krawbc5ldz2uo1 0 134792 820784 776707 2026-04-13T14:21:53Z BnHamid 12586 820784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Amalia Bakas''' (an haife ta '''Mazaltov [Mally] Matsa''' 1897-1979) mawaƙiya ce kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] a cikin karni na 20. Ta shiga cikin "Halin Eighth Avenue" a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]] da kuma al'ummomin Girka a kusa da Amurka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Avcı |first=Mustafa |date=2021 |title=Music and Coffee Houses in the Ottoman–American Diaspora (1890–1940s) |url=https://iupress.istanbul.edu.tr/en/journal/cons/article/amerika-osmanli-diasporasinda-muzik-ve-kahvehaneler-1890-1930lu-yillar |journal=Conservatorium |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=123}}</ref>  Ayyukanta sun kunshi mafi yawan waƙoƙin gargajiya waɗanda ta kara da nata salon da kalmomi. Ba kamar sauran mawaƙa na lokacin ba, waƙoƙinta galibi game da soyayya ne. Ta kuma rubuta waƙoƙi biyu, "Elenitsa Mou" bayan an yi mata baftisma da kuma "Diamontoula Mou" ga 'yarta. Ba a san komai game da Bakas ba kafin lokacin da ta kasance a Amurka. An haife ta ne a Ioannina a cikin Janina Vilayet na [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] a cikin al'ummar Yahudawa ta Romaniote . Al'ummar Romaniote sun mamaye maza kuma ba a rubuta haihuwar mata ba wanda zai iya haifar da rashin bayani game da rayuwar Amalia ta farko. A shekara ta 1912, lokacin da Bakas ke da shekaru 15, ta yi tafiya zuwa Amurka a kan jirgin ruwa na Kaiser Franz Josef I. An tsare ta a Tsibirin Ellis, ba tare da biyan kuɗin $ 50 ba har sai an yi kiran waya ga dangi, wanda ya biya ta kuɗin. A shekara ta 1913, ta auri Jack Saretta, kuma daga Ioannina kuma suna zaune a titin Rivington a Lower East Side a New York, NY. Ta yi aiki a wani masana'anta a matsayin mai sutura kuma ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Diamond da Ester Cleonike . A cikin shekarun 1920, Bakas ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin cafe-amans da wuraren shakatawa na Turkiyya a farkon shekarun 1920 suna ɗaukar sunan mataki Amalia . An yi rikodin ta na farko tare da Kamfanin Rubuce-rubucen M.G. Parsekian a Hoboken, New Jersey kuma ya kunshi waƙoƙin Turkiyya 8. Daga baya a Birnin Chicago ta rubuta waƙoƙin Girkanci da Turkiyya 6 tare da Kamfanin Rubuce-rubucen Girkanci. Bakas ya kuma rubuta tare da Marika Papagika, wani shahararren mawaƙin Girka na lokacin. Bakas na ɗaya daga cikin sanannun abokan Papagika kuma Papagika za ta kula da 'yarta Diamond.[1] 'Yarta Diamond sau da yawa tana yin wasa tare da mahaifiyarta ta hanyar raira waƙa ko ta hanyar bin ta a kan doumbek. Kamar yadda rayuwar mai wasan kwaikwayo ba mace ce ta al'ummar Romaniote ta jagoranci ba, mijin Bakas ya sake ta kuma ya tura wata 'yarta Ester zuwa zama a Girka. A shekara ta 1926 ta tuba zuwa Cocin Orthodox na Girka don auren Gus Bakas . Amalia da Gus sun yi aiki a kasuwancin gidan cin abinci tare da Bakas har yanzu suna yin wasan kwaikwayo a cafe-amans a kan 8th Avenue a Birnin New York. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1979]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1897]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5wbtg1l016fipixclbze6ephnbdvi3i 0 134831 821040 776767 2026-04-14T06:06:16Z BnHamid 12586 821040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Francisco Ayala García-Duarte''' (16 Maris 1906 - 3 Nuwamba 2009) marubuci ne ɗan ƙasar Sipaniya, wakili na ƙarshe na Tsarar '27 . == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife shi a ranar 16 ga Maris, 1906 a Granada. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Francisco Ayala {{!}} Spanish Novelist & Sociologist {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francisco-Ayala |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Yana da shekaru 16 ya tafi Madrid, inda ya karanci [[Doka|Shari'a]] da Bil Adama . <ref name=":0" /> A cikin waɗannan shekarun ya buga littattafansa guda biyu na farko, ''Tragicomedy de un hombre sin espíritu'' ( ''Tragicomedy of a Spiritless Man'' ) da ''Historia de un amanecer'' ( ''A Sunrise Tale'' ). Ya sami digirin digirgir a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Madrid, inda ya kasance malami. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Francisco Ayala {{!}} Spanish Novelist & Sociologist {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francisco-Ayala |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francisco-Ayala "Francisco Ayala | Spanish Novelist & Sociologist | Britannica"]. ''www.britannica.com''. 2024-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> Tallafin karatun digiri na biyu ya ba shi damar zuwa Berlin don yin nazarin falsafa da zamantakewa daga 1929 zuwa 1931, a lokacin zuwan Nazism . A can, ya haɗu da Etelvina Silva Vargas 'yar ƙasar Chile, wacce ya aura a 1931 kuma tare suka haifi 'ya mace, Nina. Ya kasance mai yawan ba da gudummawa ga ''Revista de Occidente'' da ''Gaceta Literaria'' . A farkon Jamhuriyar ya zama lauyan Majalisar Dokoki. Yana gabatar da jawabi a Kudancin Amurka lokacin da Yaƙin Basasa na Spain ya ɓarke; ya yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje a lokacin yaƙin. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Francisco Ayala {{!}} Spanish Novelist & Sociologist {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francisco-Ayala |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francisco-Ayala "Francisco Ayala | Spanish Novelist & Sociologist | Britannica"]. ''www.britannica.com''. 2024-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> A lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Spain, 'yan Nationalist suka kashe mahaifinsa da ƙanensa Rafael. Lokacin da ɓangaren Republican ya sha kashi a yaƙin, ya yi gudun hijira a [[Buenos Aires]], inda ya yi shekaru goma. A can ya yi aiki a mujallar adabi ta Sur, jaridar La Nación da mawallafin ''Losada'' . Ya kuma kafa, tare da abokin aikinsa na Spain Lorenzo Luzuriaga, mujallar ''Realidad'' . A shekarun 1950 ya koma [[Puerto Rico]], inda ya koyar a makarantar lauyoyi a Jami'ar Puerto Rico, wanda Dean Manuel Rodríguez Ramos ya gayyace shi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Francisco Ayala {{!}} Spanish Novelist & Sociologist {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francisco-Ayala |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francisco-Ayala "Francisco Ayala | Spanish Novelist & Sociologist | Britannica"]. ''www.britannica.com''. 2024-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> Daga baya ya je Amurka, inda ya koyar da Adabin Sifaniyanci a Jami'o'in Princeton, Rutgers, New York da Chicago, kodayake ya ci gaba da kasancewa da kusanci da ilimi da al'adu da Puerto Rico, inda aka kuma yi wa wasu fitattun 'yan Spain kamar Pablo Casals da Juan Ramón Jiménez korar kare. <ref name=":0" /> Ya fara komawa Spain a shekarar 1960. Tun daga wannan shekarar ya kan dawo kowace bazara ya sayi gida a can, ya sake komawa rayuwar adabi. A shekarar 1976, bayan mutuwar Franco, ya koma Madrid har abada, inda ya ci gaba da aikinsa a matsayin marubuci, malami da kuma ɗan jarida. A shekarar 1983, yana da shekaru 77, an zaɓe shi zuwa Real Academia Española . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Francisco Ayala García-Duarte - letra Z |url=https://www.rae.es/academico/francisco-ayala-garcia-duarte |access-date=26 May 2023 |website=[[Real Academia Española]] |language=es}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da rubutu har zuwa tsufa. A shekarar 1988 ya sami kyautar Premio Nacional de las Letras Españolas . A shekarar 1991 ya sami kyautar Miguel de Cervantes, kuma a shekarar 1998 ya sami kyautar Yarima na Asturias a Adabi. == Sana'a == === Aikin Fassara === Bayan rubutu da koyarwa, Ayala ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara. Ya rubuta game da yadda yake amfani da aikin fassara a cikin ''Takaitaccen Ka'idar Fassara'' (1946). Daga cikin wasu, shi ne ke da alhakin fassara Thomas Mann da Rainer Maria Rilke. === Jami'ar Madrid === Ayala farfesa ne a fannin ilimin zamantakewa da kimiyyar siyasa a Jami'ar Madrid daga 1933-1936, inda ya yi aiki a kan sukar adabi da kuma ilimin zamantakewa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Francisco Ayala García-Duarte - letra Z |url=https://www.rae.es/academico/francisco-ayala-garcia-duarte |access-date=26 May 2023 |website=[[Real Academia Española]] |language=es}}</ref> === Rubutu === Masu suka kan raba ayyukan Ayala zuwa matakai biyu: kafin da kuma bayan Yaƙin Basasa na Spain. A lokacin matakinsa na farko, kafin Yaƙin Basasa, Tragicommedia de un hombre sin espíritu ( Tragicomedy of a Spiritless Man, 1925) da Historia de un amanecer ( A Sunrise Tale, 1926) sun bi layin labarin gargajiya. Tare da El boxeador y el ángel ( The Boxer and the Angel, 1929) da Cazador en el alba ( Hunter at Dawn, 1930) ya rungumi rubutun avant-garde. Duk tarin tatsuniyoyi suna da salon kwatantawa, mai kyau a salon, tare da rashin sha'awar labarin da kuma sha'awar duniyar zamani. [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2009]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1906]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qfzd0oks9ivxdden3k9kghbxuhje5b6 821041 821040 2026-04-14T06:06:29Z BnHamid 12586 821041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Francisco Ayala García-Duarte''' (16 Maris 1906 - 3 Nuwamba 2009) marubuci ne ɗan ƙasar Sipaniya, wakili na ƙarshe na Tsarar '27 . == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife shi a ranar 16 ga Maris, 1906 a Granada. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Francisco Ayala {{!}} Spanish Novelist & Sociologist {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francisco-Ayala |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Yana da shekaru 16 ya tafi Madrid, inda ya karanci [[Doka|Shari'a]] da Bil Adama . <ref name=":0" /> A cikin waɗannan shekarun ya buga littattafansa guda biyu na farko, ''Tragicomedy de un hombre sin espíritu'' ( ''Tragicomedy of a Spiritless Man'' ) da ''Historia de un amanecer'' ( ''A Sunrise Tale'' ). Ya sami digirin digirgir a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Madrid, inda ya kasance malami. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Francisco Ayala {{!}} Spanish Novelist & Sociologist {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francisco-Ayala |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francisco-Ayala "Francisco Ayala | Spanish Novelist & Sociologist | Britannica"]. ''www.britannica.com''. 2024-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> Tallafin karatun digiri na biyu ya ba shi damar zuwa Berlin don yin nazarin falsafa da zamantakewa daga 1929 zuwa 1931, a lokacin zuwan Nazism . A can, ya haɗu da Etelvina Silva Vargas 'yar ƙasar Chile, wacce ya aura a 1931 kuma tare suka haifi 'ya mace, Nina. Ya kasance mai yawan ba da gudummawa ga ''Revista de Occidente'' da ''Gaceta Literaria'' . A farkon Jamhuriyar ya zama lauyan Majalisar Dokoki. Yana gabatar da jawabi a Kudancin Amurka lokacin da Yaƙin Basasa na Spain ya ɓarke; ya yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje a lokacin yaƙin. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Francisco Ayala {{!}} Spanish Novelist & Sociologist {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francisco-Ayala |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francisco-Ayala "Francisco Ayala | Spanish Novelist & Sociologist | Britannica"]. ''www.britannica.com''. 2024-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> A lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Spain, 'yan Nationalist suka kashe mahaifinsa da ƙanensa Rafael. Lokacin da ɓangaren Republican ya sha kashi a yaƙin, ya yi gudun hijira a [[Buenos Aires]], inda ya yi shekaru goma. A can ya yi aiki a mujallar adabi ta Sur, jaridar La Nación da mawallafin ''Losada'' . Ya kuma kafa, tare da abokin aikinsa na Spain Lorenzo Luzuriaga, mujallar ''Realidad'' . A shekarun 1950 ya koma [[Puerto Rico]], inda ya koyar a makarantar lauyoyi a Jami'ar Puerto Rico, wanda Dean Manuel Rodríguez Ramos ya gayyace shi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Francisco Ayala {{!}} Spanish Novelist & Sociologist {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francisco-Ayala |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francisco-Ayala "Francisco Ayala | Spanish Novelist & Sociologist | Britannica"]. ''www.britannica.com''. 2024-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> Daga baya ya je Amurka, inda ya koyar da Adabin Sifaniyanci a Jami'o'in Princeton, Rutgers, New York da Chicago, kodayake ya ci gaba da kasancewa da kusanci da ilimi da al'adu da Puerto Rico, inda aka kuma yi wa wasu fitattun 'yan Spain kamar Pablo Casals da Juan Ramón Jiménez korar kare. <ref name=":0" /> Ya fara komawa Spain a shekarar 1960. Tun daga wannan shekarar ya kan dawo kowace bazara ya sayi gida a can, ya sake komawa rayuwar adabi. A shekarar 1976, bayan mutuwar Franco, ya koma Madrid har abada, inda ya ci gaba da aikinsa a matsayin marubuci, malami da kuma ɗan jarida. A shekarar 1983, yana da shekaru 77, an zaɓe shi zuwa Real Academia Española . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Francisco Ayala García-Duarte - letra Z |url=https://www.rae.es/academico/francisco-ayala-garcia-duarte |access-date=26 May 2023 |website=[[Real Academia Española]] |language=es}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da rubutu har zuwa tsufa. A shekarar 1988 ya sami kyautar Premio Nacional de las Letras Españolas . A shekarar 1991 ya sami kyautar Miguel de Cervantes, kuma a shekarar 1998 ya sami kyautar Yarima na Asturias a Adabi. == Sana'a == === Aikin Fassara === Bayan rubutu da koyarwa, Ayala ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara. Ya rubuta game da yadda yake amfani da aikin fassara a cikin ''Takaitaccen Ka'idar Fassara'' (1946). Daga cikin wasu, shi ne ke da alhakin fassara Thomas Mann da Rainer Maria Rilke. === Jami'ar Madrid === Ayala farfesa ne a fannin ilimin zamantakewa da kimiyyar siyasa a Jami'ar Madrid daga 1933-1936, inda ya yi aiki a kan sukar adabi da kuma ilimin zamantakewa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Francisco Ayala García-Duarte - letra Z |url=https://www.rae.es/academico/francisco-ayala-garcia-duarte |access-date=26 May 2023 |website=[[Real Academia Española]] |language=es}}</ref> === Rubutu === Masu suka kan raba ayyukan Ayala zuwa matakai biyu: kafin da kuma bayan Yaƙin Basasa na Spain. A lokacin matakinsa na farko, kafin Yaƙin Basasa, Tragicommedia de un hombre sin espíritu ( Tragicomedy of a Spiritless Man, 1925) da Historia de un amanecer ( A Sunrise Tale, 1926) sun bi layin labarin gargajiya. Tare da El boxeador y el ángel ( The Boxer and the Angel, 1929) da Cazador en el alba ( Hunter at Dawn, 1930) ya rungumi rubutun avant-garde. Duk tarin tatsuniyoyi suna da salon kwatantawa, mai kyau a salon, tare da rashin sha'awar labarin da kuma sha'awar duniyar zamani. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2009]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1906]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p3shlm2fygbgxi0weq449zs25sxhckp 0 135025 820795 777155 2026-04-13T14:27:49Z BnHamid 12586 820795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bert Gordon''' (8 ga Afrilu, 1895 &#x2013; 30 ga Nuwamba, 1974) ɗan wasan barkwanci ne na Amurka kuma ɗan wasan murya wanda ya fito a fina-finai na vaudeville, rediyo, da kuma fina-finai lokaci-lokaci. ==Farkon rayuwa== An haifi Gordon a matsayin '''Barney Gorodetsky''' . Ya fito a matsayi da yawa a tsawon rayuwarsa mai tsawo kuma an san shi da sunan "The Mad Russian". Ya kasance mai yawan shiga ''shirin The Eddie Cantor'', kuma ya fito a ''shirin The Jack Benny'', da kuma ''shirin The Abbott and Costello'' . A shekarar 1945 ya fito a cikin fim ɗinsa, ''How Doooo You Do!!!'', wanda Ralph Murphy ya ba da umarni; fim ɗin ya samo asali ne daga hanyar Gordon ta musamman ta gabatar da kansa, wanda ya zama kalmar kama-karya a farkon shekarun 1940. Gordon ya taka rawarsa a wani shiri na The Dick Van Dyke Show a shekarar 1964 tare da wasu mawakan zamanin rediyo da dama * ''Lambun Madison Square'' (1932) * ''Ta Sami Mutuminta'' (1935) * ''Al'amarin Susan'' (1935) * ''Sabbin Fuskoki na 1937'' (1937) * ''A wajen Aljanna'' (1938) * ''Ku Rera Waƙa Don Abincin Dare'' (1941) * ''Yi dariya da Blues ɗinku'' (1942; lissafin kuɗi na biyu) * ''Mu Yi Nishaɗi'' (1943; babban lissafin kuɗi) * ''Yaya Kake Yi!!!'' (1945; babban lissafin kuɗi) == A cikin al'adun jama'a == An yi wa halin Gordon barkwanci sau da yawa a cikin zane-zanen [[Warner Bros.]], ciki har da: * Littafin Bob Clampett mai suna ''What's Cookin' Doc?'' (1944), wanda Bugs Bunny ya lashe kyautar "Booby Prize Oscar", sannan ya ce "Zan kai ka kwanciya da ni kowace dare," wanda mutum-mutumin da ya yi kama da Oscar ya bayyana a jikinsa kuma ya ce, cikin muryar The Mad Russian, "Kana nufin hakan ne?". * ''Waƙar Clampett ta Rashanci'' (1944), inda wani "Gremlin daga Kremlin" ya ce "Yaya za ku yi" da sautin Gordon kafin ya bugi Hitler da mallet. <ref name="wfmu" /> * Fim ɗin Clampett mai suna ''Hare Ribbin''' (1944), wanda a cikinsa halin Gordon, wanda Sammy Wolfe ya rera, kare ne mai jajayen gashi wanda ke bin Bugs Bunny . <ref name="wfmu" /> * Abbott da Costello, wasu mawakan barkwanci na zamani, sun yi barkwanci da kalmar "How do you doooooooo" a wani shiri na farkon shekarun 1940 na shirin rediyonsu, wanda daga baya aka sake fitar da shi a kan vinyl da kaset ɗin sauti a shekarun 1970. [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1974]] c63bckecoo02cykjfms3yqqx420t5os 820796 820795 2026-04-13T14:28:05Z BnHamid 12586 820796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bert Gordon''' (8 ga Afrilu, 1895 &#x2013; 30 ga Nuwamba, 1974) ɗan wasan barkwanci ne na Amurka kuma ɗan wasan murya wanda ya fito a fina-finai na vaudeville, rediyo, da kuma fina-finai lokaci-lokaci. ==Farkon rayuwa== An haifi Gordon a matsayin '''Barney Gorodetsky''' . Ya fito a matsayi da yawa a tsawon rayuwarsa mai tsawo kuma an san shi da sunan "The Mad Russian". Ya kasance mai yawan shiga ''shirin The Eddie Cantor'', kuma ya fito a ''shirin The Jack Benny'', da kuma ''shirin The Abbott and Costello'' . A shekarar 1945 ya fito a cikin fim ɗinsa, ''How Doooo You Do!!!'', wanda Ralph Murphy ya ba da umarni; fim ɗin ya samo asali ne daga hanyar Gordon ta musamman ta gabatar da kansa, wanda ya zama kalmar kama-karya a farkon shekarun 1940. Gordon ya taka rawarsa a wani shiri na The Dick Van Dyke Show a shekarar 1964 tare da wasu mawakan zamanin rediyo da dama * ''Lambun Madison Square'' (1932) * ''Ta Sami Mutuminta'' (1935) * ''Al'amarin Susan'' (1935) * ''Sabbin Fuskoki na 1937'' (1937) * ''A wajen Aljanna'' (1938) * ''Ku Rera Waƙa Don Abincin Dare'' (1941) * ''Yi dariya da Blues ɗinku'' (1942; lissafin kuɗi na biyu) * ''Mu Yi Nishaɗi'' (1943; babban lissafin kuɗi) * ''Yaya Kake Yi!!!'' (1945; babban lissafin kuɗi) == A cikin al'adun jama'a == An yi wa halin Gordon barkwanci sau da yawa a cikin zane-zanen [[Warner Bros.]], ciki har da: * Littafin Bob Clampett mai suna ''What's Cookin' Doc?'' (1944), wanda Bugs Bunny ya lashe kyautar "Booby Prize Oscar", sannan ya ce "Zan kai ka kwanciya da ni kowace dare," wanda mutum-mutumin da ya yi kama da Oscar ya bayyana a jikinsa kuma ya ce, cikin muryar The Mad Russian, "Kana nufin hakan ne?". * ''Waƙar Clampett ta Rashanci'' (1944), inda wani "Gremlin daga Kremlin" ya ce "Yaya za ku yi" da sautin Gordon kafin ya bugi Hitler da mallet. <ref name="wfmu" /> * Fim ɗin Clampett mai suna ''Hare Ribbin''' (1944), wanda a cikinsa halin Gordon, wanda Sammy Wolfe ya rera, kare ne mai jajayen gashi wanda ke bin Bugs Bunny . <ref name="wfmu" /> * Abbott da Costello, wasu mawakan barkwanci na zamani, sun yi barkwanci da kalmar "How do you doooooooo" a wani shiri na farkon shekarun 1940 na shirin rediyonsu, wanda daga baya aka sake fitar da shi a kan vinyl da kaset ɗin sauti a shekarun 1970. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1974]] 0ak5kysnzdt600rmvcrajbk7scwdzhd 0 135262 821033 777603 2026-04-14T06:03:25Z BnHamid 12586 821033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wali-ur-Rehman''' (Wali Ur-Rehmann Mehsud) (1970<ref>{{Cite web |title=Recent OFAC Actions-September 1, 2010 |url=https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/OFAC-Enforcement/Pages/20100901.shtml.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101212035257/https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/OFAC-Enforcement/Pages/20100901.shtml.aspx |archive-date=12 December 2010}}</ref> - 29 Mayu 2013) ya kasance babban kwamandan Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) wanda ke zaune a Kudancin Waziristan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=International News |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wirestory?id=9714620&page=2 |access-date=29 May 2013 |publisher=ABC News}}</ref> Wali-ur-Rehman ya kasance mai magana da yawun Baitullah Mehsud, marigayi shugaban TTP.<ref name="TimesOfIndia2009-08-09" /> == Tarihi == Iyalin Wali-ur-Rehman sun fito ne daga reshen Mal Khel na Ƙabilar Mehsud a Kudancin Waziristan . A shekara ta 1996, ya kammala karatu a Jamia Islamia Imdadia madrassa a Faisalabad kuma ya koma Kudancin Waziristan don koyarwa a madrassa da ke Kani Guram . Ya kasance yana da alaƙa da jam'iyyar Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (JUI-F) kafin ya shiga Taliban a shekara ta 2004. Bayan mutuwar Baitullah Mehsud a wani harin makami mai linzami da aka kaddamar daga wani jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu, wani [[shura]] ya taru don zabar magajinsa don jagorantar Taliban ta Pakistan. An dauki Wali-ur-Rehman a matsayin mai neman jagoranci. A ranar 9 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2009, an yi jita-jita cewa musayar zafi a shura ta karu zuwa bude harbi, kuma Wali-ur-Rehman ya yi zargin ya harbe Hakimullah Mehsud, wani mai fafatawa. Rehman ya kira wani mai ba da rahoto na Reuters ya musanta cewa akwai fada ko shura. Shi da Hakimullah daga baya sun kira [[BBC]] don tabbatar da mutuwar Baitullah Mehsud. A ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 2009, hukumomin Pakistan sun ba da kyautar Rs miliyan ($ 600,000) don bayanan da ke haifar da kamawa ko kashe Wali-ur-Rehman. Sun ba da lada iri ɗaya don irin wannan bayani game da Hakimullah Mehsud da Qari Hussain da ƙananan lada ga wasu mayakan TTP 16. A ranar 1 ga Satumba 2010, Amurka ta kara shi da Hakimullah Mehsud a cikin jerin sunayen 'yan ta'adda na duniya da aka zaba musamman da kuma TTP a cikin jerin Kungiyoyin ta'addanci na kasashen waje. A ranar 26 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2011, an gabatar da wata hira da shi a gidan talabijin na Al-Arabiya, inda ya yi barazanar "yi fansa" a Amurka da [[NATO]] (musamman Faransa da Burtaniya) tare da "harin da ya fi 9/11." == Mutuwa == A ranar 29 ga Mayu 2013, an ruwaito Wali-ur-Rehman ta hanyar harin jirgi na Amurka a wani fili a yankin Chashma na Miranshah, babban garin yankin kabilar Arewacin Waziristan a arewa maso yammacin Pakistan kusa da iyakar Afghanistan. Har ila yau, yajin aikin ya kashe abokan aikinsa shida. Mai magana da yawun Tehrik-e-Taliban Ehsanullah Ehsan ne ya tabbatar da mutuwarsa a ranar 30 ga Mayu 2013. == Harin ramuwar gayya == A matsayin fansa, ƙungiyar Jundul Hafsa ta Taliban ta ɗauki yabo don mamaye sansanin sansanin dutsen Nanga Parbat. An sace masu jagora biyu, wadanda suka kai su wani shafin inda aka kashe masu yawon bude ido na kasashen waje 10, ciki har da Sinawa biyu, daya Sinawa-Amurka da daya Nepalese. Sauran rahotanni sun ce an kashe 'yan Ukraine biyar da Rasha daya. Wani mai magana da yawun Taliban ya bayyana cewa "Ta hanyar kashe baƙi, muna so mu ba da saƙo ga duniya don taka rawar da za su taka wajen kawo ƙarshen hare-haren drone". == Dubi kuma == * Jerin Deobandis == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2013]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] slnqpu629lz5166x0cnlcpb28th71de 0 135700 820801 778347 2026-04-13T14:33:38Z BnHamid 12586 820801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Georgios Katrougalos''' (Girkanci; an haife shi 27 Maris 1963) lauya ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Girka wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje daga Fabrairu zuwa Yuli 2019. A halin yanzu (tun daga 5 ga Afrilu 2024) Masanin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ne mai zaman kansa kan inganta tsarin dimokuradiyya da adalci na kasa da kasa. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Harkokin Waje daga 5 ga Nuwamba 2016 zuwa 15 ga Fabrairu 2019, a matsayin Ministan Kwadago da Haɗin Kai daga 23 ga Satumba 2015 zuwa 5 ga Nuwambar 2016 kuma daga 18 ga Yuli 2015 zuwa 28 ga Agusta 2015. Daga 27 ga Janairun 2015 zuwa 17 ga Yulin 2015 ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Cikin Gida da sake gina gudanarwa a majalisar ministocin farko na Tsipras. == Ilimi == Katrougalos ya yi karatun Shari'a daga 1980 zuwa 1985 a Jami'ar Kasa da Kapodistrian ta Athens kuma ya ci gaba da karatunsa na bincike (P.h.D) a cikin Dokar Gudanarwa da Tsarin Mulki a Jami'a Pantheon-Sorbonne (Jami'ar Paris 1 Panthéon-Son-Sombonne). A cikin 1990 an ba shi lambar yabo ta P.h.D. tare da "Honors". Takardar jarabawarsa ta digirin digirinsa tana da taken The legitimacy crisis of Public Administration - The case of Greece . Ya kasance memba na kungiyar laughing Athens tun 1987. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> == Ayyukan sana'a da na ilimi == A cikin 1994, kuma daga 1997 zuwa 2002, Katrougalos ya kasance mai ba da shawara kan shari'a a Ma'aikatar Ilimi. A halin yanzu, ya ba da lacca kuma ya gudanar da bincike a matsayin farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'ar Roskilde a Denmark da Jami'ar Kasa da Kapodistrian ta Athens (Makarantar Shari'a ta Athens). Daga shekara ta 1997 ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Cibiyar Shari'ar Tsarin Mulki ta Turai . Daga 1998 zuwa 2011, an amince da shi a matsayin matsakanci da mai sasantawa a Kungiyar Girka don Sadarwa da sasantawa . Daga 2000 zuwa 2003, ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga Ofishin Jakadancin Girka na Dindindin ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (don ayyukan Kwamitin 3 na Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkinobho). A shekara ta 2002, an nada shi Farfesa a fannin Shari'ar Jama'a a Jami'ar Democritus ta Thrace, inda ya kasance Shugaban Sashen Kimiyya na Siyasa da Gudanar da Jama'a. Daga shekara ta 2003 zuwa shekara ta 2004, ya kasance memba na kwamitin masana a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje da ke aiki a kan rubutun Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Turai. Katrougalos ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan sauye-sauyen doka a [[Uzbekistan]], [[Albaniya|Albania]], [[Masadoiniya ta Arewa|Arewacin Makidoniya]], [[Siriya]] da [[Armeniya|Armenia]]. Ya koyar ko ya ba da laccoci a matsayin mai magana da aka gayyata a, da sauransu, NYU, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'an Humboldt, Jami'a Roskilde, LSE, Oxford (Kolejin St Antony), Makarantar Shari'a ta New Delhi. Ya wallafa littattafai da labarai da yawa a cikin Girkanci, Turanci, Faransanci, Rasha da Mutanen Espanya. == Ayyukan siyasa == Katrougalos ya kasance mai aiki a ƙungiyar ɗalibai a Girka. A matsayinsa na gwani na tsarin mulki da farfesa ya shiga cikin shari'o'in da dama na jama'a, musamman game da haƙƙin jama'a. A lokacin rikicin tattalin arziki na 2010 ya soki manufofin tsauraran matakai da IMF ta tsara, tare da labaran kimiyya, <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-09-21 |title=Memoranda sunt Servanda? H συνταγματικότητα του νόμου 3845/2010 και του μνημονίου για τα μέτρα εφαρμογής των συμφωνιών με ΔΝΤ, ΕΕ και ΕΚΤ |url=https://www.constitutionalism.gr/1653-memoranda-sunt-servanda-h-syntagmatikotita-toy-nom/ |access-date=2020-09-03 |website=constitutionalism.gr |language=en-US}}</ref> aikin jama'a a kotunan ƙasa da na Turai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-27 |title="Μνημονιακές" πολιτικές και Εργατικό Δίκαιο |url=https://contramee.wordpress.com/2012/03/27/ergatikodikai/ |access-date=2020-09-03 |website=contramee |language=el-GR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last= |first= |title=ΕΝΗΜΕΡΩΣΗ |url=https://www.inegsee.gr/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/4.-IOYLIOS-AYGOYSTOS.pdf |journal=Περιοδικη Εκδοση Του ΙΝΕ/ΓΣΕΕ |volume=July/August 2018 |doi= |access-date=March 9, 2020 |quote=}}</ref> Ya shiga cikin yunkurin farar hula na abin da ake kira a Girka "gwagwarmayar murabba'i".<ref>{{Cite web |last=analitis.gr |title=Κατρούγκαλος, Τσακαλώτος, Βαρουφάκης εξηγούν πώς θα βγούμε απ' την κρίση 4 χρόνια πριν γίνουν υπουργοί (vid) |url=https://analitis.gr/katrougkalos-tsakalotos-varoufakis-exigoun-pos-tha-vgoume-ap-tin-krisi-4-chronia-prin-ginoun-ypourgi-vid/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409144215/http://analitis.gr/katrougkalos-tsakalotos-varoufakis-exigoun-pos-tha-vgoume-ap-tin-krisi-4-chronia-prin-ginoun-ypourgi-vid/ |archive-date=2017-04-09 |access-date=2020-09-03 |website=analitis.gr |language=el}}</ref> A zaben Turai na shekara ta 2014, an zabi Katrougalos a matsayin memba na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai tare da jam'iyyar SYRIZA . A Majalisar Tarayyar Turai ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Majalisar Tarayyoyin Turai ta Ƙungiyar Hagu / Hagu ta Arewa (GUE / NGL) da kuma Mai Gudanar da Ƙungiyar Hanyar Turai a Kwamitin Harkokin Tsarin Mulki (AFCO) Lokacin da SYRIZA ta lashe zaben Janairu 2015, an nada Katrougalos a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Cikin Gida da Gyaran Gudanarwa. Daga 23 ga Satumba 2015 zuwa 5 ga Nuwamba 2016 kuma daga 18 ga Yuli 2015 zuwa 28 ga Agusta 2015 ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Kwadago da Haɗin Kai. Ya tsara sake fasalin fansho, wanda ya haɗa tsarin tsaron jama'a na Girka. Daga 5 ga Nuwamba 2016 zuwa 15 ga Fabrairu 2019 ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Harkokin Waje <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> kuma daga 15 ga Fabriiru 2019 zuwa 8 ga Yuli 2019 ya yi hidima a matsayin Ministan Harshen Waje . <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Ya goyi bayan tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Prespa a Majalisar Hellenic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-09-21 |title=Memoranda sunt Servanda? H συνταγματικότητα του νόμου 3845/2010 και του μνημονίου για τα μέτρα εφαρμογής των συμφωνιών με ΔΝΤ, ΕΕ και ΕΚΤ |url=https://www.constitutionalism.gr/1653-memoranda-sunt-servanda-h-syntagmatikotita-toy-nom/ |access-date=2020-09-03 |website=constitutionalism.gr |language=en-US}}</ref> An zabe shi a karo na farko a matsayin memba na majalisar dokokin Hellenic a zaben Satumba 2015 kuma an sake zabarsa a Zaben Yulin 2019. A cikin zaben Mayu 2023, ya janye daga yakin zaben kwana uku kafin zaben saboda wata sanarwa da ya yi game da sake fasalin inshora na 2016. Ya kasance, tun daga 2019, Mataimakin Shugaban Kungiyar Hagu ta Tarayyar Turai a Majalisar Dokokin Majalisar Turai <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> (PACE) kuma tun daga 2021 Shugaban Kwamitin Ƙananan Gabas ta Tsakiya da Duniya ta Larabawa. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2022 an zabe shi a matsayin shugaban kungiyar. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1963]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ceziacw7nth45fy2ytc536ytssj3ntj 0 136298 820793 779423 2026-04-13T14:26:55Z BnHamid 12586 820793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Qari Salahuddin Ayubi''' ɗan siyasan [[Taliban]] ne kuma soja na Afghanistan wanda ke aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Shirye-shiryen da Manufofin Ma'aikatar Gyara da Ci Gaban Karkara tun daga 4 ga Maris 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=کاکړ |first=جاويد هميم |date=March 4, 2022 |title=په یو شمیر وزارتونو، قول اردو ګانو او ولایتونو کې نوې ټاکنې وشوې |url=https://pajhwok.com/ps/2022/03/04/%d9%be%d9%87-%db%8c%d9%88-%d8%b4%d9%85%db%8c%d8%b1-%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d9%88%d8%8c-%d9%82%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%88-%da%ab%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%88-%d9%88%d9%84/ |via=pajhwok.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 12, 2021 |title=Taliban make themselves at home in Dostum's mansion |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/2319873/watch-taliban-make-themselves-at-home-in-dostums-mansion |website=The Express Tribune}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] h7qq5zbhy8wujmbn0khx3u00owdemdh 0 136471 821024 779710 2026-04-14T06:00:27Z BnHamid 12586 821024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dimitrios Kallergis''' (Girkanci; 1803 - 8 ga Afrilu 1867) ya kasance mayaƙan Yakin Independence na Girka, babban janar, ɗan siyasa kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gabatarwa na juyin juya halin 3 ga Satumba 1843.{{Spaced en dash}} == Rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko === An haifi Kallergis a cikin 1803 a tsibirin [[Crete|Karita]] . Ya fito ne daga dangin Kallergis na Crete, dangin tarihi na Mylopotamos, wanda tushensa ya kasance a cikin [[Daular Rumawa|Daular Byzantine]] kuma wanda ya tashi zuwa matsayi a ƙarƙashin Mulkin Venetian na tsibirin. An bar shi ba tare da uba ba tun yana ƙarami kuma an tura shi Rasha don kula da Ministan Harkokin Waje na Tsar, Count Nesselrode, wanda ya bayyana a wasu tushe an ambaci shi a matsayin kawunsa.<ref name="a" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa na gaba ɗaya ya tafi Vienna don nazarin magani.<ref name="a" /> A lokacin barkewar Yakin Independence na Girka ya tafi Morea kuma ya shiga cikin masu tayar da kayar baya. === Yakin Independence na Girka === A ranar 19 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1822 ya sauka tare da danginsa, Emmanuel da Nikolaos Kallergis, da kuma jami'in Valianos a Hydra tare da su dauke da harsashi, wanda darajarsa ta kai 100,000 rubles da wasikar shawarwari daga bishop Ignatius Oungrovlachias. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1825 ya ɗauki tare da ɗan ƙasarsa Emmanuel Antoniadis jagorancin kamfen ɗin a tsibirin Krita. A ranar 2 ga watan Agusta 'yan juyin juya hali 200 sun mamaye sansanin Gramvousa, inda masu satar teku da yawa suka taru a cikin watanni masu zuwa.[1] Yaƙin neman zaɓe ya gaza yayin da, a cewar ɗan Amurka Philhellene Samuel Gridley Howe, Kallergis bai dace da matsayin shugaban ba.[2] Daga baya ya shiga cikin balaguron Georgios Karaiskakis a Roumeli kuma ya kasance mai ban sha'awa.[3] A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1826 ya shiga cikin harin da ya gaza na Kanal Fabvier a kan Thebes (Karaiskakis ya aiko shi a matsayin ƙarfafawa). [4] A ranar 30 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1827 ya shiga cikin nasarar da aka yi a Yaƙin Kastella inda ya ba da gudummawa sosai kuma a ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairu ya kare yankin Hasumiyoyin Uku, wanda daga karshe Ottomans suka ci nasara amma ta sha wahala da yawa. Sojojin abokan gaba sun kama shi a lokacin bala'in Yaƙin Phaleron, inda ya kasance shugaban mayakan Crete. A ƙarshe, an sake shi bayan iyalinsa sun biya kuɗi mai yawa don fansa amma a lokacin da aka kama shi, Ottomans sun yanke ɗaya daga cikin kunnuwansa. === Bayan samun 'yancin kai === A lokacin gwamnatin Ioannis Kapodistrias, Kallergis na ɗaya daga cikin magoya bayansa. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakinsa kuma ya ci gaba da shirya rundunar sojan doki ta yau da kullun, inda ya zama mataimakin kwamandan. Bayan kisan gwamnan ya goyi bayan Augustinos Kapodistrias kuma ya shiga cikin rikice-rikicen basasa na lokacin. A watan Janairun 1832 ya yi yaƙi a matsayin jami'in sojan doki a yakin Argos kuma a watan Maris a yakin Loutraki inda sojojin Ioannis Kolettis suka ci sojojinsa da na Nikitaras. A lokaci guda, ya bi aikin soja a matsayin jami'in soja na yau da kullun yayin da yake da hannu sosai a cikin batutuwan siyasa na wannan lokacin, da farko a matsayin mai bin Jam'iyyar Rasha sannan kuma na Jam'iyyar Faransa. A cikin 1834, a lokacin mulkin Bavarian da gwamnatin Kolettis an ɗaure shi a matsayin mai goyon bayan Jam'iyyar Rasha, wanda manyan mambobinsa suka yi a wannan lokacin tashin hankali daban-daban a yankin Girka. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4oobz6aj98jtttx2vpynl94bmz5arc6 0 136553 821063 779822 2026-04-14T06:13:51Z BnHamid 12586 821063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Amir Khan Muttaqi''' (Pashto: امیر خان متقی {{IPA|ps|ˈamɪr xɑn mʊtaˈqi|}}; born 26 February 1971) is a politician serving as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the [[Afghanistan|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]] since 2021. He was also a member of the [[Taliban]] negotiation team in the Qatar office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Taliban minister Amir Khan Muttaqi arrives to the signing of a US-Taliban agreement in the Qatari capital Doha on February 29, 2020 |url=https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/former-taliban-minister-amir-khan-muttaqi-arrives-to-the-news-photo/1204118473 |website=Getty Images}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Khan a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 1971 a ƙauyen Zarghoon na Gundumar Nad Ali, Lardin Helmand, asalin iyalinsa yana cikin Lardin Paktia, yana samun ilimin firamare a makarantar Saur ta gida amma saboda juyin juya halin kwaminisanci na Saur, dole ne ya koma tare da iyalinsa zuwa makwabciyar [[Pakistan]], inda ya shiga cikin [[Makarantar Islamiyya|madrasa]] na 'yan gudun hijira kuma ya yi nazarin batutuwa kamar ilimin Larabci, dabaru, magana, [[Fiƙihu|shari'a]], [[Hadisi|hadith]] da fassarar Alkur'ani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Taliban minister Amir Khan Muttaqi arrives to the signing of a US-Taliban agreement in the Qatari capital Doha on February 29, 2020 |url=https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/former-taliban-minister-amir-khan-muttaqi-arrives-to-the-news-photo/1204118473 |website=Getty Images}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da karatunsa na Islama a [[Darul Uloom Haqqania]], wani seminary a lardin Khyber Pakhtunkhwa na Pakistan wanda wasu 'yan Taliban masu tasiri suka kammala karatu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Taliban minister Amir Khan Muttaqi arrives to the signing of a US-Taliban agreement in the Qatari capital Doha on February 29, 2020 |url=https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/former-taliban-minister-amir-khan-muttaqi-arrives-to-the-news-photo/1204118473 |website=Getty Images}}</ref> An ruwaito cewa ya zauna a Banaras Colony a Karachi, Pakistan a lokacin zamansa kuma har yanzu yana da kadarori, dukiya da sauran kasuwancin kasuwanci a Pakistan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Afghan Bio: Biographies : [ID 1158] |url=https://www.afghan-bios.info/index.php?option=com_afghanbios&id=1158&task=view&total=5217&start=3180&Itemid=2 |access-date=8 October 2025 |website=Afghan-Bios}}</ref> == Ayyukan siyasa == === Jihad na Afghanistan === Da farko ya kasance daga cikin ƙungiyar [[Mawlawi|Maulvi]] Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi a lokacin jihadi na Afghanistan amma daga baya ya shiga ƙungiyar [[Taliban]] lokacin da ta fito. === Manyan mukamai daban-daban na Taliban (1999-2021) === Ya rike manyan mukamai a cikin kungiyar Taliban. A shekara ta 1999, ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Babban Majalisar Taliban kuma an sanya shi a matsayin mai kula da Rediyon Kandahar . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Afghan Bio: Biographies : [ID 1158] |url=https://www.afghan-bios.info/index.php?option=com_afghanbios&id=1158&task=view&total=5217&start=3180&Itemid=2 |access-date=8 October 2025 |website=Afghan-Bios}}</ref> A wannan shekarar ya zama Babban Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje. Khan ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Bayanai da Al'adu kuma a matsayin wakilin gwamnatin Taliban ta 1996-2001 a tattaunawar da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ke jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Taliban minister Amir Khan Muttaqi arrives to the signing of a US-Taliban agreement in the Qatari capital Doha on February 29, 2020 |url=https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/former-taliban-minister-amir-khan-muttaqi-arrives-to-the-news-photo/1204118473 |website=Getty Images}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Taliban minister Amir Khan Muttaqi arrives to the signing of a US-Taliban agreement in the Qatari capital Doha on February 29, 2020 |url=https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/former-taliban-minister-amir-khan-muttaqi-arrives-to-the-news-photo/1204118473 |website=Getty Images}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, wani tushen mai goyon bayan Taliban ya ce "ayyukansa na kirkiro" ya haifar da "na'urar buga littattafai ta jihadi game da yaduwar kafofin watsa labarai na abokan gaba".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Taliban minister Amir Khan Muttaqi arrives to the signing of a US-Taliban agreement in the Qatari capital Doha on February 29, 2020 |url=https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/former-taliban-minister-amir-khan-muttaqi-arrives-to-the-news-photo/1204118473 |website=Getty Images}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga watan Agustan 2021, jim kadan bayan [[Kabul]]_(2021)" id="mwXw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">faduwar Kabul ga Taliban, an ruwaito cewa yana Kabul yana magana da 'yan siyasa wadanda ba 'yan Taliban ba kamar su Abdullah Abdullah da Hamid Karzai game da kafa gwamnati. Sojojin Taliban sun mallaki babban birnin Afghanistan na Kabul a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta 2021 yayin wani hari na soja a kan gwamnatin Afghanistan wanda ya fara a watan Mayu 2021. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Ministan Harkokin Waje (2021-yanzu) === A ranar 7 ga Satumba 2021, Taliban ta sanar da mambobin farko na sabuwar gwamnati "mai aiki", makonni uku bayan da ta zo da cikakken iko tare da karbar Kabul a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta. An nada Amir Khan Muttaqi a matsayin mukaddashin ministan harkokin waje na Afghanistan. An sake nada Muttaqi a matsayin dindindin tare da sauran majalisar a ranar 15 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2025. A watan Disamba na 2021, Amir Khan Muttaqi ya halarci wani zaman majalisar ministocin kasashen waje na kungiyar hadin kan Musulunci a matsayin wakilin Afghanistan. Wakilan daga kasashe 57 ne suka halarci taron tare da China, Rasha, da Amurka a matsayin wakilan baƙi. Amir Khan ya tattauna da Firayim Ministan Pakistan, [[Imran Khan]], game da barazanar ISIS a yankin iyakar Afghanistan da Pakistan. ==== Ziyarar Darul Uloom Deoband ==== A ranar 11 ga Oktoba 2025, Muttaqi ya ziyarci makarantar sakandare ta Islama Darul Uloom Deoband, wanda ke cikin Gundumar Saharanpur ta [[Uttar Pradesh]], Indiya. Ziyarar ta kasance wani ɓangare na tafiyarsa ta farko ta diflomasiyya zuwa Indiya.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2025-10-11 |title=Muttaqi visits Darul Uloom Deoband: The future of Afghanistan-India relations is bright |url=https://www.avapress.net/en/news/331367/muttaqi-visits-darul-uloom-deob_and-the-future-of-afghanistan-india-relations-is-bright |access-date=2025-10-19 |website=Afghan Voice Agency (AVA) |language=en}}</ref> Muttaqi ya gudanar da tattaunawa tare da manyan malamai da dalibai na seminary na Deobandi, kuma ya nuna fatan karfafa dangantaka tsakanin Indiya da Afghanistan.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2025-10-11 |title=Muttaqi visits Darul Uloom Deoband: The future of Afghanistan-India relations is bright |url=https://www.avapress.net/en/news/331367/muttaqi-visits-darul-uloom-deob_and-the-future-of-afghanistan-india-relations-is-bright |access-date=2025-10-19 |website=Afghan Voice Agency (AVA) |language=en}}</ref> An ba Muttaqi taken girmamawa na ''Qasmi'' kuma an gabatar da shi da takardar shaidar da ke ba shi ''Sanad-e-Hadith'' (yancin koyar da Hadith). Da farko an shirya taron jama'a, amma an soke shi saboda damuwa game da tsaro da kula da jama'a. == Rubuce-rubuce == A cikin 2004 ya rubuta wani littafi wanda shugabannin Taliban suka haramta, wanda ke tunanin ba za a iya watsa wasu bayanansa a fili ba.[1][2] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] m0tvlp86eut13pp61jm3072dptzxn4n 0 136603 821029 779901 2026-04-14T06:02:13Z BnHamid 12586 821029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Emmanuel Tsouderos''''' (Girkanci: Εμμανουήλ Τσουδερός, wanda aka fi sani da Emmanuel Tsouderes; 19 ga Yulin 1882 - 10 ga Fabrairu 1956) ɗan siyasan Girka ne kuma ɗan siyasa wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na Girka daga 1941 zuwa 1944 a matsayin shugaban Gwamnatin Girka a gudun hijira a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] . Ya yi murabus a shekara ta 1944, biyo bayan tawaye a cikin sojojin da ke gudun hijira. == Rayuwa ta farko da karatu == An haifi Emmanuel Tsouderos a shekara ta 1882 a Rethymno, tsibirin Crete (sa'an nan kuma wani ɓangare na [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]]). Ya yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Athens, da tattalin arziki a Paris da London. == Ayyuka a siyasa == Ya koma tsibirin tsibirin tsibiri yana da shekaru 24, kuma an zabe shi memba na majalisar dokokin tsibirin tsiirai (1906-1912), lokacin da tsibirin tsibirai ke da matsayi mai cin gashin kansa a ƙarƙashin mulkin Daular Ottoman kuma yana ƙarƙashin kariya ta Rasha, Burtaniya, Faransa da Italiya. Bayan hadewar tsibirin Crete da Girka a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1913, an zabe shi a majalisar dokokin Hellenic, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Sufuri a karkashin Eleftherios Venizelos, da Ministan Kudi a karkashin Themistoklis Sophoulis . A 1928, lokacin da aka kafa Babban Bankin Girka, an nada Tsouderos mataimakin gwamnansa na farko, kuma a 1931 Gwamna. == Firayim Minista == zaman kashe kansa na Firayim Minista Alexandros Koryzis a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1941, a tsakiyar mamayewar Jamus a Girka, Sarki George na biyu na Girka ya nemi magajinsa. An tattauna sunaye da yawa, kamar [[Konstantinos Kotzias]], tsohon mai mulkin kama karya Janar Theodoros Pangalos, da kuma Janar Venizelist Alexandros Mazarakis-Ainian, amma ko dai sun ƙi ko sun ƙi tayin.{{Sfn|Koliopoulos|1976–1977}} Yayinda ake shirya kwashe gwamnatin Girka zuwa tsibirin tsibirin tsibiri, Tsouderos, a matsayin Venizelist da tsibirin tsietso, da kuma sanannen Anglophile, sun fito ne a matsayin fitaccen zaɓi don mukamin a lokacin 20. Kashegari, bayan ya halarci wani taro inda ruhun Venizelos ya bukaci ya yarda, Tsouderos ya yarda kuma an rantsar da shi a matsayin Firayim Minista.{{Sfn|Koliopoulos|1976–1977}} A ranar 20, sojojin Girka a Epirus sun mika wuya ga Jamusawa, kuma a safiyar ranar 23, gwamnatin Girka ta bar Athens.{{Sfn|Koliopoulos|1976–1977}} Tsouderos ya sake gudu a lokacin yakin tsibirin tsibirin tsibiri . Ya tafi Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma daga baya Masar. Tsouderos ya jagoranci gwamnatin Girka a gudun [[Misra|Misira]] daga 29 ga Afrilu 1941 har zuwa 13 ga Afrilu 1944. Kodayake shi ne wanda aka amince da shi a duniya a matsayin Firayim Minista na Girka (a adawa da Firayim Ministoci da yawa waɗanda suka kasance shugabannin haɗin gwiwar Hellenic State), a aikace ba shi da tasiri sosai a cikin iyakokin Girka. Wannan gwamnatin da farko ta kasance a Landan, amma daga baya ta koma [[Kairo|Alkahira]]. A cikin bazara na 1944, Sojojin Girka da Sojojin Ruwa sun yi tawaye.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Crossland |first=James |date=2012–2013 |title=The Mutiny That Never Was: The Special Operations Executive and the Failure of Operation 'Kitchenmaid' |journal=Intelligence and National Security |language=en |volume=28 |issue=6 |pages=811–812 |doi=10.1080/02684527.2012.748367 |issn=0268-4527 |s2cid=154156560}}</ref> Daga cikin bukatunsu akwai murabus na Sarki da Tsouderos.<ref name=":1" /> Ya yi aiki a cikin gwamnatin da ta biyo baya a gudun hijira a karkashin [[Sofoklis Venizelos]] . == Girka bayan Yaƙin == Bayan yakin basasar Girka, Tsouderos zai ci gaba da jagorantar Jam'iyyar Democrat Progressive Party (Dimokratikon Proodefitikon Komma) . [1] A lokacin zaben 1950, Tsouderos ya kafa gwamnatin hadin gwiwa tare da Nikolaos Plastiras 'Progressive Liberal Center Party (Komma Proodefitkon Fileleftheron Kentrou) , [1] don kafa National Progressive Center Union (Ethniki Proodetiki Enosis Kentrou) Bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu Tsouderos ya yi aiki a wurare daban-daban, har zuwa mutuwarsa yana da shekaru 73 a Nervi, [[Genoa]], Italiya a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 1956. == Rayuwa ta mutum == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6e17ybkzy7uorba22vlzehhefj3hgpj 821030 821029 2026-04-14T06:02:27Z BnHamid 12586 821030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Emmanuel Tsouderos''''' (Girkanci: Εμμανουήλ Τσουδερός, wanda aka fi sani da Emmanuel Tsouderes; 19 ga Yulin 1882 - 10 ga Fabrairu 1956) ɗan siyasan Girka ne kuma ɗan siyasa wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na Girka daga 1941 zuwa 1944 a matsayin shugaban Gwamnatin Girka a gudun hijira a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] . Ya yi murabus a shekara ta 1944, biyo bayan tawaye a cikin sojojin da ke gudun hijira. == Rayuwa ta farko da karatu == An haifi Emmanuel Tsouderos a shekara ta 1882 a Rethymno, tsibirin Crete (sa'an nan kuma wani ɓangare na [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]]). Ya yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Athens, da tattalin arziki a Paris da London. == Ayyuka a siyasa == Ya koma tsibirin tsibirin tsibiri yana da shekaru 24, kuma an zabe shi memba na majalisar dokokin tsibirin tsiirai (1906-1912), lokacin da tsibirin tsibirai ke da matsayi mai cin gashin kansa a ƙarƙashin mulkin Daular Ottoman kuma yana ƙarƙashin kariya ta Rasha, Burtaniya, Faransa da Italiya. Bayan hadewar tsibirin Crete da Girka a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1913, an zabe shi a majalisar dokokin Hellenic, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Sufuri a karkashin Eleftherios Venizelos, da Ministan Kudi a karkashin Themistoklis Sophoulis . A 1928, lokacin da aka kafa Babban Bankin Girka, an nada Tsouderos mataimakin gwamnansa na farko, kuma a 1931 Gwamna. == Firayim Minista == zaman kashe kansa na Firayim Minista Alexandros Koryzis a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1941, a tsakiyar mamayewar Jamus a Girka, Sarki George na biyu na Girka ya nemi magajinsa. An tattauna sunaye da yawa, kamar [[Konstantinos Kotzias]], tsohon mai mulkin kama karya Janar Theodoros Pangalos, da kuma Janar Venizelist Alexandros Mazarakis-Ainian, amma ko dai sun ƙi ko sun ƙi tayin.{{Sfn|Koliopoulos|1976–1977}} Yayinda ake shirya kwashe gwamnatin Girka zuwa tsibirin tsibirin tsibiri, Tsouderos, a matsayin Venizelist da tsibirin tsietso, da kuma sanannen Anglophile, sun fito ne a matsayin fitaccen zaɓi don mukamin a lokacin 20. Kashegari, bayan ya halarci wani taro inda ruhun Venizelos ya bukaci ya yarda, Tsouderos ya yarda kuma an rantsar da shi a matsayin Firayim Minista.{{Sfn|Koliopoulos|1976–1977}} A ranar 20, sojojin Girka a Epirus sun mika wuya ga Jamusawa, kuma a safiyar ranar 23, gwamnatin Girka ta bar Athens.{{Sfn|Koliopoulos|1976–1977}} Tsouderos ya sake gudu a lokacin yakin tsibirin tsibirin tsibiri . Ya tafi Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma daga baya Masar. Tsouderos ya jagoranci gwamnatin Girka a gudun [[Misra|Misira]] daga 29 ga Afrilu 1941 har zuwa 13 ga Afrilu 1944. Kodayake shi ne wanda aka amince da shi a duniya a matsayin Firayim Minista na Girka (a adawa da Firayim Ministoci da yawa waɗanda suka kasance shugabannin haɗin gwiwar Hellenic State), a aikace ba shi da tasiri sosai a cikin iyakokin Girka. Wannan gwamnatin da farko ta kasance a Landan, amma daga baya ta koma [[Kairo|Alkahira]]. A cikin bazara na 1944, Sojojin Girka da Sojojin Ruwa sun yi tawaye.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Crossland |first=James |date=2012–2013 |title=The Mutiny That Never Was: The Special Operations Executive and the Failure of Operation 'Kitchenmaid' |journal=Intelligence and National Security |language=en |volume=28 |issue=6 |pages=811–812 |doi=10.1080/02684527.2012.748367 |issn=0268-4527 |s2cid=154156560}}</ref> Daga cikin bukatunsu akwai murabus na Sarki da Tsouderos.<ref name=":1" /> Ya yi aiki a cikin gwamnatin da ta biyo baya a gudun hijira a karkashin [[Sofoklis Venizelos]] . == Girka bayan Yaƙin == Bayan yakin basasar Girka, Tsouderos zai ci gaba da jagorantar Jam'iyyar Democrat Progressive Party (Dimokratikon Proodefitikon Komma) . [1] A lokacin zaben 1950, Tsouderos ya kafa gwamnatin hadin gwiwa tare da Nikolaos Plastiras 'Progressive Liberal Center Party (Komma Proodefitkon Fileleftheron Kentrou) , [1] don kafa National Progressive Center Union (Ethniki Proodetiki Enosis Kentrou) Bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu Tsouderos ya yi aiki a wurare daban-daban, har zuwa mutuwarsa yana da shekaru 73 a Nervi, [[Genoa]], Italiya a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 1956. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] m3wv8gr743qaocll4lonyqcyq3xtn2z 0 136746 821065 780140 2026-04-14T06:14:31Z BnHamid 12586 821065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mullah Muhammad Shirin Akhund''' ɗan siyasan [[Taliban]] ne na Afghanistan wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin gwamnan Kabul daga 24 ga Agusta 2021 zuwa 7 ga Nuwamba 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Taliban appoint new finance minister, intelligence chief, interior minister: Report |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2021/08/24/Taliban-appoint-new-finance-minister-intelligence-chief-interior-minister-Report}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance memba na ƙungiyar tattaunawa a Ofishin Qatar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doha Talks : A Closer Look at the Taliban Team |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-166248}}</ref> Ya kasance mai kula da tsaron [[Mullah Omar]] a lokacin Masarautar Musulunci ta Afghanistan ta 1996-2001, kuma daya daga cikin abokan hulɗa na Mullah Omar. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan leken asiri na soja. A ranar 4 ga Mayu 2023, babban shugaban Taliban, [[Hibatullah Akhundzada]], ya nada Mullah Shirin Akhund a matsayin gwamnan lardin Kandahar. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 4mdmy344vhcb0osehm1v8ip6h86gcpz 0 137229 820794 781109 2026-04-13T14:27:15Z BnHamid 12586 820794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dimos Kokas''' (Girkanci: ; an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1997) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Girka wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] na kungiyar Super League 2 Panachaiki . <ref>{{Soccerway|dimos-kokas/651010}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Ɗan'uwan tagwaye na Kokas, Andreas, shi ma ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 648zqaipaf3go1kmywy49pk4mbyfl6r 0 137255 820811 781138 2026-04-13T14:39:02Z BnHamid 12586 820811 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sherif Ismail''' ( Arabic , ; 6 ga Yuli 1955 - 4 ga Fabrairu 2023) injiniya ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan ƙasar Masar wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin firayim ministan Masar daga 2015 zuwa 2018. Ya kuma kasance ministan man fetur da albarkatun ma'adinai daga 2013 zuwa 2015. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Ismail a ranar 6 ga Yuli, 1955. <ref name="ahramonline">{{Cite web |date=12 September 2015 |title=Meet Egypt's new Prime Minister Sherif Ismail |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/0/141312/Egypt/0/Meet-Egypts-new-Prime-Minister-Sherif-Ismail-.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827235845/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/0/141312/Egypt/0/Meet-Egypts-new-Prime-Minister-Sherif-Ismail-.aspx |archive-date=27 August 2017 |access-date=27 August 2017 |website=Ahram Online}}</ref> Ya yi karatun injiniyan injiniya a [[Jami'ar Ain Shams]] kuma ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1978. <ref name="aljaz15" /> <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Ismail ya riƙe muƙaman gudanarwa a kamfanonin man fetur da iskar gas na gwamnati. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban zartarwa sannan kuma shugaban kamfanin riƙe da man fetur na Masar (ECHEM), wanda aka kafa a shekarar 2002. [1] Daga baya aka naɗa shi shugaban Kamfanin Haɗa Iskar Gas na Masar (EGAS). Sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin manajan darakta na kamfanin mai na gwamnati, Ganoub El Wadi Petroleum Holding Company (GANOPE), kuma ya zama shugaban kamfanin. An nada shi ministan man fetur da albarkatun ma'adinai a ranar 16 ga Yuli, 2013 a matsayin wani ɓangare na majalisar riƙon ƙwarya wacce Hazem El Beblawi ke jagoranta. Ya maye gurbin Sherif Hassan Haddara a matsayinsa na ministan. An nada Ismail a matsayin firayim minista a ranar 12 ga Satumba, 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Cabinet – Biography |url=http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/English/PrimeMinister/pages/Biography.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828000401/http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/English/PrimeMinister/pages/Biography.aspx |archive-date=28 August 2017 |access-date=7 August 2017 |publisher=The Arab Republic of Egypt – The Cabinet of Ministers}}</ref> A shekarar 2016, rikicin tattalin arziki ya faru lokacin da [[fam na Masar]] ya ragu sosai. Saboda wannan rikicin, majalisar ministocin Ismail ta fara da aiwatar da gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki masu tsauri. <ref name="newa" /> Bayan wannan lamari, Ismail ya sake yin garambawul ga majalisar ministocin a watan Maris na 2016, inda ya maye gurbin ministoci goma, ciki har da ministocin kuɗi, zuba jari, da yawon buɗe ido. A watan Fabrairu na 2017, an sake yin garambawul ga majalisar ministocin, wanda ya haɗa da sauya ministoci tara waɗanda galibi suka shafi manufofin tattalin arziki. <ref name="ses17" /> A watan Nuwamba na 2017 Ismail ya bar Masar don neman magani a Jamus kuma ya ci gaba da aikinsa a ranar 1 ga Disamba. A wannan lokacin Mostafa Madbouly, ministan gidaje da ayyukan more rayuwa na birane, ya yi aiki a matsayin mukaddashin firaminista. <ref name="etoday18" /> A ranar 5 ga Yuni 2018, Ismail ya mika takardar murabus dinsa ga shugaban Masar [[Abdul Fatah el-Sisi|Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] . Duk da haka, ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin firayim minista a matsayin riƙon amana. Kwanaki biyu bayan Ismail ya mika takardar murabus dinsa, Sisi ya naɗa Madbouly don ya gaje shi a matsayin firayim minista. Bayan tafiyarsa a matsayin firayim minista, an ruwaito a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2018 cewa an nada Ismail don yin aiki a matsayin babban mataimaki ga Sisi. Daga ranar 18 ga Yuni Ismail ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban kasa ga ayyukan kasa da na dabaru kuma ya wakilci Sisi a jana'izar [[Jacques Chirac]] a watan Satumba na 2019. == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == Ismail yana da aure kuma yana da 'ya'ya biyu. <ref name="ahramonline">{{Cite web |date=12 September 2015 |title=Meet Egypt's new Prime Minister Sherif Ismail |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/0/141312/Egypt/0/Meet-Egypts-new-Prime-Minister-Sherif-Ismail-.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827235845/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/0/141312/Egypt/0/Meet-Egypts-new-Prime-Minister-Sherif-Ismail-.aspx |archive-date=27 August 2017 |access-date=27 August 2017 |website=Ahram Online}}</ref> <ref name="aon42">{{cite news |date=4 February 2023 |title=Egypt's former PM Sherif Ismail passes away at age 67 |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/487525/Egypt/Politics-/Egypt%E2%80%99s-former-PM-Sherif-Ismail-passes-away-at-age.aspx |access-date=6 February 2023 |work=Ahram Online}}</ref> Yana da matsalolin lafiya da suka shafi tsarin narkewar abinci kuma an yi masa tiyata a Jamus a watan Nuwamba na 2017 yayin da yake aiki a matsayin firayim minista. ===Mutuwa=== Ya mutu a Alkahira a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 2023, yana da shekaru 67. Shugaban Masar Sisi ne ya fara sanar da mutuwarsa ta hanyar wani rubutu a shafukan sada zumunta. An yi jana'izar soja ga Ismail a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu, kuma an yi sallar jana'izar a Masallacin Laftanar Janar Hussein Tantawi da ke birnin New Cairo tare da halartar Shugaba Sisi, Firayim Minista Mostafa Madbouly, Kakakin Majalisar Wakilai Hanfy Gebaly da Ministan Tsaro Mohamed Ahmed Zaki tare da wasu. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955]] 63q5ssitmfek6890oglbwc5zxuvhr47 820812 820811 2026-04-13T14:39:23Z BnHamid 12586 820812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sherif Ismail''' (6 ga Yuli 1955 - 4 ga Fabrairu 2023) injiniya ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan ƙasar Masar wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin firayim ministan Masar daga 2015 zuwa 2018. Ya kuma kasance ministan man fetur da albarkatun ma'adinai daga 2013 zuwa 2015. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Ismail a ranar 6 ga Yuli, 1955. <ref name="ahramonline">{{Cite web |date=12 September 2015 |title=Meet Egypt's new Prime Minister Sherif Ismail |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/0/141312/Egypt/0/Meet-Egypts-new-Prime-Minister-Sherif-Ismail-.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827235845/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/0/141312/Egypt/0/Meet-Egypts-new-Prime-Minister-Sherif-Ismail-.aspx |archive-date=27 August 2017 |access-date=27 August 2017 |website=Ahram Online}}</ref> Ya yi karatun injiniyan injiniya a [[Jami'ar Ain Shams]] kuma ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1978. <ref name="aljaz15" /> <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Ismail ya riƙe muƙaman gudanarwa a kamfanonin man fetur da iskar gas na gwamnati. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban zartarwa sannan kuma shugaban kamfanin riƙe da man fetur na Masar (ECHEM), wanda aka kafa a shekarar 2002. [1] Daga baya aka naɗa shi shugaban Kamfanin Haɗa Iskar Gas na Masar (EGAS). Sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin manajan darakta na kamfanin mai na gwamnati, Ganoub El Wadi Petroleum Holding Company (GANOPE), kuma ya zama shugaban kamfanin. An nada shi ministan man fetur da albarkatun ma'adinai a ranar 16 ga Yuli, 2013 a matsayin wani ɓangare na majalisar riƙon ƙwarya wacce Hazem El Beblawi ke jagoranta. Ya maye gurbin Sherif Hassan Haddara a matsayinsa na ministan. An nada Ismail a matsayin firayim minista a ranar 12 ga Satumba, 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Cabinet – Biography |url=http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/English/PrimeMinister/pages/Biography.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828000401/http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/English/PrimeMinister/pages/Biography.aspx |archive-date=28 August 2017 |access-date=7 August 2017 |publisher=The Arab Republic of Egypt – The Cabinet of Ministers}}</ref> A shekarar 2016, rikicin tattalin arziki ya faru lokacin da [[fam na Masar]] ya ragu sosai. Saboda wannan rikicin, majalisar ministocin Ismail ta fara da aiwatar da gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki masu tsauri. <ref name="newa" /> Bayan wannan lamari, Ismail ya sake yin garambawul ga majalisar ministocin a watan Maris na 2016, inda ya maye gurbin ministoci goma, ciki har da ministocin kuɗi, zuba jari, da yawon buɗe ido. A watan Fabrairu na 2017, an sake yin garambawul ga majalisar ministocin, wanda ya haɗa da sauya ministoci tara waɗanda galibi suka shafi manufofin tattalin arziki. <ref name="ses17" /> A watan Nuwamba na 2017 Ismail ya bar Masar don neman magani a Jamus kuma ya ci gaba da aikinsa a ranar 1 ga Disamba. A wannan lokacin Mostafa Madbouly, ministan gidaje da ayyukan more rayuwa na birane, ya yi aiki a matsayin mukaddashin firaminista. <ref name="etoday18" /> A ranar 5 ga Yuni 2018, Ismail ya mika takardar murabus dinsa ga shugaban Masar [[Abdul Fatah el-Sisi|Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] . Duk da haka, ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin firayim minista a matsayin riƙon amana. Kwanaki biyu bayan Ismail ya mika takardar murabus dinsa, Sisi ya naɗa Madbouly don ya gaje shi a matsayin firayim minista. Bayan tafiyarsa a matsayin firayim minista, an ruwaito a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2018 cewa an nada Ismail don yin aiki a matsayin babban mataimaki ga Sisi. Daga ranar 18 ga Yuni Ismail ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban kasa ga ayyukan kasa da na dabaru kuma ya wakilci Sisi a jana'izar [[Jacques Chirac]] a watan Satumba na 2019. == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == Ismail yana da aure kuma yana da 'ya'ya biyu. <ref name="ahramonline">{{Cite web |date=12 September 2015 |title=Meet Egypt's new Prime Minister Sherif Ismail |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/0/141312/Egypt/0/Meet-Egypts-new-Prime-Minister-Sherif-Ismail-.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827235845/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/0/141312/Egypt/0/Meet-Egypts-new-Prime-Minister-Sherif-Ismail-.aspx |archive-date=27 August 2017 |access-date=27 August 2017 |website=Ahram Online}}</ref> <ref name="aon42">{{cite news |date=4 February 2023 |title=Egypt's former PM Sherif Ismail passes away at age 67 |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/487525/Egypt/Politics-/Egypt%E2%80%99s-former-PM-Sherif-Ismail-passes-away-at-age.aspx |access-date=6 February 2023 |work=Ahram Online}}</ref> Yana da matsalolin lafiya da suka shafi tsarin narkewar abinci kuma an yi masa tiyata a Jamus a watan Nuwamba na 2017 yayin da yake aiki a matsayin firayim minista. ===Mutuwa=== Ya mutu a Alkahira a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 2023, yana da shekaru 67. Shugaban Masar Sisi ne ya fara sanar da mutuwarsa ta hanyar wani rubutu a shafukan sada zumunta. An yi jana'izar soja ga Ismail a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu, kuma an yi sallar jana'izar a Masallacin Laftanar Janar Hussein Tantawi da ke birnin New Cairo tare da halartar Shugaba Sisi, Firayim Minista Mostafa Madbouly, Kakakin Majalisar Wakilai Hanfy Gebaly da Ministan Tsaro Mohamed Ahmed Zaki tare da wasu. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955]] fbb5euy2t78v7xunnj6hkbfnqdkjve6 0 137432 821050 781560 2026-04-14T06:09:48Z BnHamid 12586 821050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ali Sayyid Muhamed Mustafa al-Bakri''' (Arabic) wanda aka fi sani da '''Abd al-Aziz al-Masri''' (Arabian), an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1966 a Bani Suwayf, [[Misra|Misira]]) memba ne na Masar na Majalisar Shura ta kungiyar ta'addanci [[al-Qaeda]] kuma tsohon memba na [[Jihadin Islama a Masar|Jihad na Musulunci na Masar]], daga inda ya yi ƙaura zuwa al-Qaedo, tare da Ayman al-Zawahiri . Al-Bakri yana da yawa, kuma Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka tana ba da har zuwa dala miliyan 5 don bayani game da wurinsa. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta so hoton ya ce:Arabic-language_text" id="mwDw" rel="mw:PageProp/Category"/><blockquote>Ali Sayyid Muhamed Mustafa al-Bakri memba ne na al-Qaida kuma masanin fashewa da makamai masu guba. Shi memba ne na majalisar al-Qaida Shura kuma yana da kusanci da shugabannin al-Qaeda Saif al-Adel da Ayman al-Zawahiri . Kafin ya shiga al-Qaeda, al-Bakri memba ne na kungiyar ta'addanci ta Jihad ta Masar, a karkashin jagorancin Ayman al-Zawahiri . Ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a sansanonin al-Qaeda a [[Afghanistan]], yana ba da horo ga 'yan ta'adda da makamai masu guba. Al-Bakri kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya sace jirgin fasinja na Pakistan Air a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2000. Wataƙila yana ci gaba da horar da 'yan ta'adda na al-Qaida da sauran masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.</blockquote>Don zama memba a cikin al-Qaeda, al-Bakri (a ƙarƙashin sunan mahaifiyar Bakri) yana ƙarƙashin takunkumi na duniya ta Kwamitin Tsaro na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] 1267 . Rubutun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da shi, daga 2005, ya ce al-Bakri na iya kasancewa a [[Iran]]. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2023}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Dubi kuma == * [[Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah]] * Jerin masu tserewa daga adalci waɗanda suka ɓace * [[Osama bin Laden]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] rafbyvip94ut2nheu2pt04cpu8gcl9p 0 137435 821042 781563 2026-04-14T06:06:52Z BnHamid 12586 821042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sami bin Khamis bin Salih Essid''' (Arabic) a.k.a. Essid Sami Ben Khemais shi ne shugaban ƙungiyar [[Italiya|Italiyanci]] ta [[al-Qaeda]] har sai an kama shi a waje da [[Milano|Milan]] a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2001. An yanke masa hukuncin shekaru biyar saboda fataucin makamai, fashewa, da sunadarai. Essid ya kasance a karkashin embargo daga Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 1267 a matsayin mai alaƙa da al-Qaeda, da kuma Baitulmalin Amurka saboda aikin ta'addanci. Kusan 1 ga Yulin 2007, an karanta sabbin tuhume-tuhume a kan Sami Essid a Italiya, inda har yanzu yake cikin tsare-tsare. A cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya an haife shi a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 1968 a Menzel Jemil, Gwamnatin Bizerte, [[Tunisiya]] . Ya kira [[Salula|Wayar salula]] da Saber Mohammed ke riƙe - wanda aka yi imanin cewa yana aiki ne a matsayin manzo ga [[Mosa Zi Zemmori]] da Driss Elatellah . == Haɗin Guantanamo == Bayan hukuncin [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka]] a cikin Rasul v. Bush, an tilasta wa Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka gudanar da bita game da matsayin mayakan da aka kama a tsare-tsare [[Hukuncin da ba a yi shari'a ba|ba tare da shari'a ba]] a sansanonin tsare-tsaren Guantanamo Bay, a [[Cuba]]. Zargin da masu sharhi kan ta'addanci na Guantanamo suka bayar don tabbatar da tsare da dama daga cikin wadannan fursunoni sun tabbatar da cewa suna da alaƙa da Sami Essid, ko Sami Essid Network. {| class="wikitable" |+'''Haɗin da ake yi tsakanin Sami Essid da fursunonin Guantanamo''' |Ridah Bin Saleh Al Yazidi | * Biyu daga cikin zarge-zargen da aka yi wa Ridah Bin Saleh Al Yazidi sune: "Mai tsare ya halarci Cibiyar Al'adu ta Musulunci a Milan. Ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin masallacin shine Sheikh Anwar Sha'ban wanda ke magana akai-akai game da Jihad da ke gudana a Bosnia. Daga baya aka kashe Sheikh Anwara Sha'ban a cikin fada a Jihad a Bosnia. "Institute na Al'adu na Musulunci na Italiya, wanda ake kira ICI, hukumomin Italiya sun rufe shi don cibiyar sadarwar gidaje ta Sami Essid Ben Khemais, wanda shine ainihin kungiyar Yakin Tunisian a Italiya. ** "Mai tsare ya halarci [[Milan]])" id="mwUQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Islamic Cultural Institute (Milan)">Cibiyar Al'adu ta Musulunci a Milan. Ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin masallacin shine [[Shehu|Sheikh]] [[Anwar Sha'ban]] wanda ke magana akai-akai game da [[Jihadi|Jihad]] da ke gudana a [[Bosnia da Herzegovina|Bosnia]]. An kashe Sheikh Anwar Sha'ban daga baya a cikin fada a Jihad a Bosnia. ** "Cibiyar Al'adun Musulunci ta Italiya, wacce ake kira ICI, hukumomin Italiya sun rufe ta don zama gidan Sami Essid Ben Khemais, wanda shine ainihin Kungiyar Yaki ta Tunisia a Italiya. |- |Adel Ben Mabrouk | * Biyu daga cikin zarge-zargen da aka yi wa Adel Ben Mabrouk sune: "Mai tsare ya kasance memba na Sami Essid Network. " Sami Essid network yana ba da tallafin kuɗi ga kungiyoyin ta'addanci. " ** "Wadan da aka tsare ya kasance memba na Sami Essid Network. " ** "Sami Essid Network yana ba da tallafin kuɗi ga kungiyoyin ta'addanci". * Mabrouk ya musanta duk wani ilmi game da Sami Essid Network. |- |Lufti Bin Ali | * Biyu daga cikin zarge-zargen da aka yi wa Lufti Bin Ali sune: "Mai tsare ya sadu da 'yan Pakistan daga Masallacin ICI a Milan waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin ɗaukar mutane don zuwa Pakistan da Afghanistan. " Cibiyar Al'adu ta Musulunci an san ta da ICI. Hukumomin Italiya sun rufe wannan masallaci don zama gidan Sami Essid Ben Khemais, wanda shine ainihin ƙungiyar Yaki ta Tunisia (TCG) a Italiya". ** "Mai tsare ya sadu da 'yan Pakistan daga Masallacin ICI a [[Milano|Milan]] waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin ɗaukar mutane don zuwa Pakistan da Afghanistan". ** "An san Cibiyar Al'adu ta Musulunci da ICI. Hukumomin Italiya sun rufe wannan masallaci don zama gidan Sami Essid Ben Khemais, wanda shine ainihin Kungiyar Yaki ta Tunisia (TCG) a Italiya. " |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] a8qa3pzbg82ejv73upazvw33onhglpq 0 138730 820805 784095 2026-04-13T14:35:11Z BnHamid 12586 820805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Sakichi Toyoda ya kasance mai kirkiro da masanin masana'antu na Japan wanda ya kafa Toyoda Automatic Loom Works (daga baya [[Toyota]] Industries). Dan manomi kuma [[Carpenter|masassaƙi]] mai nema, ya fara kamfanonin iyalin Toyoda. Ɗansa, [[Kiichiro Toyoda]], daga baya zai kafa babbar kamfanin kera motoci a Japan, Toyota. Ana kiran Toyoda "Sarkin Masu Inventors na Japan". == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Sakichi Toyoda a ranar 19 ga watan Maris (a ranar 14 ga watan 2 a cikin Kalandar Lunar Gabashin Asiya), 1867, a Yamaguchi, Lardin Tōtōmi (Kosai, Shizuoka na yanzu), <ref name="ToyotaIndustries-history">{{Cite web |title=The Story of Sakichi Toyoda |url=https://www.toyota-industries.com/company/history/toyoda_sakichi/ |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=www.toyota-industries.com}}</ref> zuwa Ikichi da Ei Toyoda . Ikichi masassaƙi ne kuma manomi, kuma ya koyar da ɗansa masassaƙi. Yaron Sakichi zai yi daidai da ƙarshen zamanin Edo, wanda Meiji da manufofin sake fasalin ya maye gurbinsa. Sakichi ya kasance mai karatu mai ƙwazo a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, kuma ya shirya ƙungiyar nazarin matasa don matasa. An yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar tafiya zuwa Ueno don ziyartar Nuni na Injin Kasa na Uku, daga baya ya sauya masana'antar masana'antu, wanda ke amfani da tururi, mai, da wutar lantarki. == Toyoda Aikin Loom na atomatik == Toyoda Automatic Loom Works kamfani ne na masana'antu wanda Sakichi Toyoda ya kafa a 1926. <ref name="ToyotaIndustries-history">{{Cite web |title=The Story of Sakichi Toyoda |url=https://www.toyota-industries.com/company/history/toyoda_sakichi/ |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=www.toyota-industries.com}}</ref> Ya ba shi lakabin mahaifin juyin juya halin masana'antu na Japan. Shi ne kuma wanda ya kafa Toyota Industries Co., Ltd. Toyoda ya kirkiro kuma ya kirkiro na'urorin saƙa da yawa, yana gabatar da tsarin samar da man fetur da aka yi amfani da shi don samar da wutar lantarki ga injunan Toyoda. Mafi shahararren abin da ya kirkira shi ne na'urar sarrafa wutar lantarki ta atomatik inda ya aiwatar da ka'idar Jidoka (autonomous automation). Ka'idar Jidoka, wanda ke nufin cewa na'urar ta tsaya kanta lokacin da matsala ta faru, daga baya ta zama wani ɓangare na Toyota Production System. Toyoda ya kirkiro manufar 5 Whys: Lokacin da matsala ta faru, tambaya "me ya sa" sau biyar don ƙoƙarin gano tushen matsalar, sannan sanya wani abu don hana matsalar sake dawowa. Ana amfani da wannan ra'ayi a yau a matsayin wani ɓangare na amfani da hanyoyin lean don warware matsaloli, inganta inganci, da rage farashi.<ref>{{cite news |title=トヨタ系幹部の豊田家御曹司、女子大生に内定と引き換えに肉体関係を強要…卑劣な手口 |url=http://biz-journal.jp/2015/11/post_12615.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108131746/https://biz-journal.jp/2015/11/post_12615.html |archive-date=8 November 2020 |accessdate=7 November 2020 |work=ビジネスジャーナル/Business Journal {{!}} ビジネスの本音に迫る}}</ref> Motar alatu ta Toyota Century, wacce aka gabatar a 1967, ta samo sunanta daga ranar haihuwar Sakichi Toyoda ta 100. A ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1973, Ofishin Jakadancin Japan ya zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Manyan Masu kirkiro Goma na Japan.<ref>{{cite news |title=トヨタ系幹部の豊田家御曹司、女子大生に内定と引き換えに肉体関係を強要…卑劣な手口 |url=http://biz-journal.jp/2015/11/post_12615.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108131746/https://biz-journal.jp/2015/11/post_12615.html |archive-date=8 November 2020 |accessdate=7 November 2020 |work=ビジネスジャーナル/Business Journal {{!}} ビジネスの本音に迫る}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1867]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] m071k1uh9v3vapzqpte95posgs6fwjn 820806 820805 2026-04-13T14:35:25Z BnHamid 12586 820806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Sakichi Toyoda ya kasance mai kirkiro da masanin masana'antu na Japan wanda ya kafa Toyoda Automatic Loom Works (daga baya [[Toyota]] Industries). Dan manomi kuma [[Carpenter|masassaƙi]] mai nema, ya fara kamfanonin iyalin Toyoda. Ɗansa, [[Kiichiro Toyoda]], daga baya zai kafa babbar kamfanin kera motoci a Japan, Toyota. Ana kiran Toyoda "Sarkin Masu Inventors na Japan". == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Sakichi Toyoda a ranar 19 ga watan Maris (a ranar 14 ga watan 2 a cikin Kalandar Lunar Gabashin Asiya), 1867, a Yamaguchi, Lardin Tōtōmi (Kosai, Shizuoka na yanzu), <ref name="ToyotaIndustries-history">{{Cite web |title=The Story of Sakichi Toyoda |url=https://www.toyota-industries.com/company/history/toyoda_sakichi/ |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=www.toyota-industries.com}}</ref> zuwa Ikichi da Ei Toyoda . Ikichi masassaƙi ne kuma manomi, kuma ya koyar da ɗansa masassaƙi. Yaron Sakichi zai yi daidai da ƙarshen zamanin Edo, wanda Meiji da manufofin sake fasalin ya maye gurbinsa. Sakichi ya kasance mai karatu mai ƙwazo a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, kuma ya shirya ƙungiyar nazarin matasa don matasa. An yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar tafiya zuwa Ueno don ziyartar Nuni na Injin Kasa na Uku, daga baya ya sauya masana'antar masana'antu, wanda ke amfani da tururi, mai, da wutar lantarki. == Toyoda Aikin Loom na atomatik == Toyoda Automatic Loom Works kamfani ne na masana'antu wanda Sakichi Toyoda ya kafa a 1926. <ref name="ToyotaIndustries-history">{{Cite web |title=The Story of Sakichi Toyoda |url=https://www.toyota-industries.com/company/history/toyoda_sakichi/ |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=www.toyota-industries.com}}</ref> Ya ba shi lakabin mahaifin juyin juya halin masana'antu na Japan. Shi ne kuma wanda ya kafa Toyota Industries Co., Ltd. Toyoda ya kirkiro kuma ya kirkiro na'urorin saƙa da yawa, yana gabatar da tsarin samar da man fetur da aka yi amfani da shi don samar da wutar lantarki ga injunan Toyoda. Mafi shahararren abin da ya kirkira shi ne na'urar sarrafa wutar lantarki ta atomatik inda ya aiwatar da ka'idar Jidoka (autonomous automation). Ka'idar Jidoka, wanda ke nufin cewa na'urar ta tsaya kanta lokacin da matsala ta faru, daga baya ta zama wani ɓangare na Toyota Production System. Toyoda ya kirkiro manufar 5 Whys: Lokacin da matsala ta faru, tambaya "me ya sa" sau biyar don ƙoƙarin gano tushen matsalar, sannan sanya wani abu don hana matsalar sake dawowa. Ana amfani da wannan ra'ayi a yau a matsayin wani ɓangare na amfani da hanyoyin lean don warware matsaloli, inganta inganci, da rage farashi.<ref>{{cite news |title=トヨタ系幹部の豊田家御曹司、女子大生に内定と引き換えに肉体関係を強要…卑劣な手口 |url=http://biz-journal.jp/2015/11/post_12615.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108131746/https://biz-journal.jp/2015/11/post_12615.html |archive-date=8 November 2020 |accessdate=7 November 2020 |work=ビジネスジャーナル/Business Journal {{!}} ビジネスの本音に迫る}}</ref> Motar alatu ta Toyota Century, wacce aka gabatar a 1967, ta samo sunanta daga ranar haihuwar Sakichi Toyoda ta 100. A ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1973, Ofishin Jakadancin Japan ya zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Manyan Masu kirkiro Goma na Japan.<ref>{{cite news |title=トヨタ系幹部の豊田家御曹司、女子大生に内定と引き換えに肉体関係を強要…卑劣な手口 |url=http://biz-journal.jp/2015/11/post_12615.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108131746/https://biz-journal.jp/2015/11/post_12615.html |archive-date=8 November 2020 |accessdate=7 November 2020 |work=ビジネスジャーナル/Business Journal {{!}} ビジネスの本音に迫る}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1867]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] b2z6uz23tnpu8tupfcnp3c5dudmd8go 0 140580 820832 795138 2026-04-13T15:01:23Z BnHamid 12586 820832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Asibitin Chester-le-Street''' cibiyar lafiya ce da ke Chester-le-Street, County Durham, Ingila. Gundumar Durham da Darlington NHS Foundation Trust ne ke kula da shi. == Tarihi == Cibiyar ta samo asali ne daga Chester-le-Street Union Workhouse wanda Matthew Thompson ya tsara kuma aka buɗe a 1856.<ref name="workhouses">{{Cite web |title=Chester-le-Street |url=http://www.workhouses.org.uk/ChesterLeStreet/ |access-date=26 December 2019 |publisher=Workhouses}}</ref> An ƙara sabon sashin kula da marasa lafiya da keɓewa a kudancin gidan aikin a 1898.<ref name="workhouses" /> Ta shiga [[National Health Service|Hukumar Lafiya ta Ƙasa]] a matsayin Asibitin Chester-le-Street a 1948.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chester-le-Street Hospital |url=https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/hospitalrecords/details.asp?id=1247&page=20 |access-date=26 December 2019 |publisher=National Archives}}</ref> An samar da sabon asibiti a ƙarƙashin kwangilar [[Private Finance Initiative|Shirin Kuɗi na Masu Zaman Kansu]] a 2000: [[Robertson Group]] ne ya gina shi akan kuɗin £12 miliyan kuma aka kammala shi a 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2003 |title=New hospital opens its doors |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/wear/3278791.stm |access-date=26 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Asibiti]] kyu8ccn50d150uitoju6ndulamtes1a 0 140674 821045 795624 2026-04-14T06:07:52Z BnHamid 12586 821045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Khobz tounes''' (Arabic), wanda kuma ake kira '''Khobz el bey''' (Arabic, lit. 'burodi na bey'), cake ne na Aljeriya da aka yi da Abincin almond da burodi, wanda aka tsoma a cikin syrup da ruwan orange.<ref name="france2">{{Cite web |date=October 2, 2015 |title=C'est au programme: Thé gourmand algérien |url=http://www.france2.fr/emissions/c-est-au-programme/chroniques-par-theme/the-gourmand-algerien_421241 |access-date=October 13, 2015 |publisher=[[France 2]] |language=French}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023}}</ref> Gurasar ta samo asali ne daga zamanin Ottoman na Algeria.<ref name="france2" /> Ana yawan cinye shi a lokacin Ramadan.<ref name="france2" /> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin kekuna == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v128qx0VeBc Kayan girke-girke na bidiyo tare da subtitles na Turanci] n8ibb2nda3a62ar5xwalagieaevzbaw 0 141180 821070 797040 2026-04-14T06:16:18Z BnHamid 12586 821070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abu'l-Hasan Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Abdallah ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Abi'l-Shawarib''' (Arabic) ya kasance lauya musulmi na ƙarni na 10 wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban qadi na Baghdad . An haife shi a cikin 904/5, {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} Muhammadu na dangin [[Banu Abi'l-Shawarib]] na dangin Manu Umayyad, dangin shari'a na [[Hanafiyya|Hanafi]] wanda a cikin ƙarni na 9 da 11 ya samar da qadis 24, ciki har da manyan qadis takwas, ga Khalifancin [[Daular Abbasiyyah|Abbasid]]. {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} An nada Muhammad a matsayin shugaban qadi na Birnin al-Mansur da na Sharqiya (Yammacin Baghdad, inda fadar Khalifa take) ta Khalifa al-Mustakfi a watan Satumba na shekara ta 944, jim kadan bayan ya hau mulki. A lokaci guda, ɗan'uwansa Abdallah ibn Abi al-Shawarib ya yi aiki a matsayin qadi na Gabashin Bagadaza . {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} An tsige Muhammadu kuma an kama shi a ranar 16 ga Satumba 945, a matsayin wani ɓangare na kawar da alƙalai masu cin hanci da rashawa.{{Sfn|Busse|2004}} Lokacin da al-Muti ya zama Khalifa a watan Janairun shekara ta 946, an tuno shi zuwa ofis, a matsayin qadi na Sharqiya, birane biyu masu tsarki ([[Makkah|Makka]] da [[Madinah|Madina]]), [[Yemen]], Masar, wani ɓangare na Siriya, da lardunan [[Iraƙi|Iraki]] na Saqi al-Furat, Wasit da Samarra . {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} An sake sallame shi a watan Janairu / Fabrairu 947, kuma ya mutu a watan Nuwamba / Disamba 958. {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} Ɗan'uwansa Abdallah ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban qadi a cikin 961-963. {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Tushen == *   mequizs942gr6l2fk545ahfnctuarku 821071 821070 2026-04-14T06:16:29Z BnHamid 12586 821071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abu'l-Hasan Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Abdallah ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Abi'l-Shawarib''' (Arabic) ya kasance lauya musulmi na ƙarni na 10 wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban qadi na Baghdad . An haife shi a cikin 904/5, {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} Muhammadu na dangin [[Banu Abi'l-Shawarib]] na dangin Manu Umayyad, dangin shari'a na [[Hanafiyya|Hanafi]] wanda a cikin ƙarni na 9 da 11 ya samar da qadis 24, ciki har da manyan qadis takwas, ga Khalifancin [[Daular Abbasiyyah|Abbasid]]. {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} An nada Muhammad a matsayin shugaban qadi na Birnin al-Mansur da na Sharqiya (Yammacin Baghdad, inda fadar Khalifa take) ta Khalifa al-Mustakfi a watan Satumba na shekara ta 944, jim kadan bayan ya hau mulki. A lokaci guda, ɗan'uwansa Abdallah ibn Abi al-Shawarib ya yi aiki a matsayin qadi na Gabashin Bagadaza . {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} An tsige Muhammadu kuma an kama shi a ranar 16 ga Satumba 945, a matsayin wani ɓangare na kawar da alƙalai masu cin hanci da rashawa.{{Sfn|Busse|2004}} Lokacin da al-Muti ya zama Khalifa a watan Janairun shekara ta 946, an tuno shi zuwa ofis, a matsayin qadi na Sharqiya, birane biyu masu tsarki ([[Makkah|Makka]] da [[Madinah|Madina]]), [[Yemen]], Masar, wani ɓangare na Siriya, da lardunan [[Iraƙi|Iraki]] na Saqi al-Furat, Wasit da Samarra . {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} An sake sallame shi a watan Janairu / Fabrairu 947, kuma ya mutu a watan Nuwamba / Disamba 958. {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} Ɗan'uwansa Abdallah ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban qadi a cikin 961-963. {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} m8gu9g8f7mtov92vcf5zmguhvsi3hek 821075 821071 2026-04-14T08:00:58Z Musa Vacho77 9881 Gyara 821075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abu'l-Hasan Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Abdallah ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Abi'l-Shawarib''' (Arabic) ya kasance lauya musulmi na ƙarni na 10 wanda yayi aiki a matsayin shugaban qadi na Baghdad. An haife shi a cikin 904/5, {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} Muhammadu na dangin [[Banu Abi'l-Shawarib]] na dangin Manu Umayyad, dangin shari'a na [[Hanafiyya|Hanafi]] wanda a cikin ƙarni na 9 da 11 ya samar da qadis 24, ciki har da manyan qadis takwas, ga Khalifancin [[Daular Abbasiyyah|Abbasid]]. {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} An nada Muhammad a matsayin shugaban qadi na Birnin al-Mansur da na Sharqiya (Yammacin Baghdad, inda fadar Khalifa take) ta Khalifa al-Mustakfi a watan Satumba na shekara ta 944, jim kadan bayan ya hau mulki. A lokaci guda, ɗan'uwansa Abdallah ibn Abi al-Shawarib ya yi aiki a matsayin qadi na Gabashin Bagadaza . {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} An tsige Muhammadu kuma an kama shi a ranar 16 ga Satumba 945, a matsayin wani ɓangare na kawar da alƙalai masu cin hanci da rashawa.{{Sfn|Busse|2004}} Lokacin da al-Muti ya zama Khalifa a watan Janairun shekara ta 946, an tuno shi zuwa ofis, a matsayin qadi na Sharqiya, birane biyu masu tsarki ([[Makkah|Makka]] da [[Madinah|Madina]]), [[Yemen]], Masar, wani ɓangare na Siriya, da lardunan [[Iraƙi|Iraki]] na Saqi al-Furat, Wasit da Samarra . {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} An sake sallame shi a watan Janairu / Fabrairu 947, kuma ya mutu a watan Nuwamba / Disamba 958. {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} Ɗan'uwansa Abdallah ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban qadi a cikin 961-963. {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} 3fus8ih59kl0xqjoq7egpkbqmf3820a 821076 821075 2026-04-14T08:01:46Z Musa Vacho77 9881 Gyara 821076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abu'l-Hasan Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Abdallah ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Abi'l-Shawarib''' (Arabic) ya kasance lauya musulmi na ƙarni na 10 wanda yayi aiki a matsayin shugaban qadi na Baghdad. An haife shi a cikin 904/5, {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} Muhammadu na dangin [[Banu Abi'l-Shawarib]] na dangin Manu Umayyad, dangin shari'a na [[Hanafiyya|Hanafi]] wanda a cikin ƙarni na 9 da 11 ya samar da qadis 24, ciki har da manyan qadis takwas, ga Khalifancin [[Daular Abbasiyyah|Abbasid]]. {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} An nada Muhammad a matsayin shugaban qadi na Birnin al-Mansur da na Sharqiya (Yammacin Baghdad, inda fadar Khalifa take) ta Khalifa al-Mustakfi a watan Satumba na shekara ta 944, jim kadan bayan ya hau mulki. A lokaci guda, ɗan'uwansa Abdallah ibn Abi al-Shawarib ya yi aiki a matsayin qadi na Gabashin Bagadaza . {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} An tsige Muhammadu kuma an kama shi a ranar 16 ga Satumba 945, a matsayin wani ɓangare na kawar da alƙalai masu cin hanci da rashawa.{{Sfn|Busse|2004}} Lokacin da al-Muti ya zama Khalifa a watan Janairun shekara ta 946, an tuno shi zuwa ofis, a matsayin qadi na Sharqiya, birane biyu masu tsarki ([[Makkah|Makka]] da [[Madinah|Madina]]), [[Yemen]], Masar, wani ɓangare na Siriya, da lardunan [[Iraƙi|Iraki]] na Saqi al-Furat, Wasit da Samarra . {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} An sake sallaman shi a watan Janairu / Fabrairu 947, kuma ya mutu a watan Nuwamba / Disamba 958. {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} Ɗan'uwansa Abdallah ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban qadi a cikin 961-963. {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} h2g5cvaiw7zabvjcvkiipr8z91e2i6s 821080 821076 2026-04-14T09:45:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 821080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abu'l-Hasan Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Abdallah ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Abi'l-Shawarib''' (Arabic) ya kasance lauya musulmi na ƙarni na 10 wanda yayi aiki a matsayin shugaban qadi na Baghdad. An haife shi a cikin 904/5, {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} Muhammadu na dangin [[Banu Abi'l-Shawarib]] na dangin Manu Umayyad, dangin shari'a na [[Hanafiyya|Hanafi]] wanda a cikin ƙarni na 9 da 11 ya samar da qadis 24, ciki har da manyan qadis takwas, ga Khalifancin [[Daular Abbasiyyah|Abbasid]].{{Sfn|Busse|2004}} An nada Muhammad a matsayin shugaban qadi na Birnin al-Mansur da na Sharqiya (Yammacin Baghdad, inda fadar Khalifa take) ta Khalifa al-Mustakfi a watan Satumba na shekara ta 944, jim kadan bayan ya hau mulki. A lokaci guda, ɗan'uwansa Abdallah ibn Abi al-Shawarib ya yi aiki a matsayin qadi na Gabashin Bagadaza . {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} An tsige Muhammadu kuma an kama shi a ranar 16 ga Satumba 945, a matsayin wani ɓangare na kawar da alƙalai masu cin hanci da rashawa.{{Sfn|Busse|2004}} Lokacin da al-Muti ya zama Khalifa a watan Janairun shekara ta 946, an tuno shi zuwa ofis, a matsayin qadi na Sharqiya, birane biyu masu tsarki ([[Makkah|Makka]] da [[Madinah|Madina]]), [[Yemen]], Masar, wani ɓangare na Siriya, da lardunan [[Iraƙi|Iraki]] na Saqi al-Furat, Wasit da Samarra . {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} An sake sallaman shi a watan Janairu / Fabrairu 947, kuma ya mutu a watan Nuwamba / Disamba 958. {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} Ɗan'uwansa Abdallah ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban qadi a cikin 961-963. {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} tbhv71nkc1dd7rz8wzvt5c16e45l5l4 821081 821080 2026-04-14T09:45:56Z Pharouqenr 25549 821081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abu'l-Hasan Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Abdallah ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Abi'l-Shawarib''' (Arabic) ya kasance lauya musulmi na ƙarni na 10 wanda yayi aiki a matsayin shugaban qadi na Baghdad. An haife shi a cikin 904/5, {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} Muhammadu na dangin [[Banu Abi'l-Shawarib]] na dangin Manu Umayyad, dangin shari'a na [[Hanafiyya|Hanafi]] wanda a cikin ƙarni na 9 da 11 ya samar da qadis 24, ciki har da manyan qadis takwas, ga Khalifancin [[Daular Abbasiyyah|Abbasid]].{{Sfn|Busse|2004}} An nada Muhammad a matsayin shugaban qadi na Birnin al-Mansur da na Sharqiya (Yammacin Baghdad, inda fadar Khalifa take) ta Khalifa al-Mustakfi a watan Satumba na shekara ta 944, jim kadan bayan ya hau mulki. A lokaci guda, ɗan'uwansa Abdallah ibn Abi al-Shawarib ya yi aiki a matsayin qadi na Gabashin Bagadaza . {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} An tsige Muhammadu kuma an kama shi a ranar 16 ga Satumba 945, a matsayin wani ɓangare na kawar da alƙalai masu cin hanci da rashawa.{{Sfn|Busse|2004}} Lokacin da al-Muti ya zama Khalifa a watan Janairun shekara ta 946, an tuno shi zuwa ofis, a matsayin qadi na Sharqiya, birane biyu masu tsarki ([[Makkah|Makka]] da [[Madinah|Madina]]), [[Yemen]], Masar, wani ɓangare na Siriya, da lardunan [[Iraƙi|Iraki]] na Saqi al-Furat, Wasit da Samarra . {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} An sake sallaman shi a watan Janairu / Fabrairu 947, kuma ya mutu a watan Nuwamba / Disamba 958.{{Sfn|Busse|2004}} Ɗan'uwansa Abdallah ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban qadi a cikin 961-963. {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} 0ca5rwzgabcdsxappa391tk02tbt7r4 0 141185 821026 797047 2026-04-14T06:01:10Z BnHamid 12586 821026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdallah ibn al-Hasan ibn Abdallah ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Abi'l-Shawarib''' (Arabic: عبدالله بن الحسن بن أبي الشوارب) was a 10th-century Muslim jurist who served as chief qadi of [[Bagdaza|Baghdad]]. An haife shi a watan Nuwamba / Disamba 931, {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} Abdallah na dangin [[Banu Abi'l-Shawarib]] ne, dangin shari'a na [[Hanafiyya|Hanafi]] wanda a cikin ƙarni na 9 da 11 ya samar da qadis 24, ciki har da manyan qadis takwas, ga Khalifancin Abbasid. {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} Ɗan'uwansa Muhammadu ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban qadi a cikin 944-945 da 946-947. {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} Ya zama shugaban qadi a watan Satumba / Oktoba 961, {{Sfn|Busse|2004}} bayan ya sayi ofishin daga [[Daular Buyid|Buyids]] masu mulki a kan biyan shekara-shekara na dirham azurfa 200,000. Don biyan wannan, shi ma ya sayar da alƙawari ga {{Transl|ar|[[shurta]]}} da {{Transl|ar|[[hisbah]]}} don dirham 20,000 a kowane wata.{{Sfn|Busse|2004}} Wannan ya sadu da adawar Khalifa al-Muti, wanda ya ki tabbatar da shi a ofishinsa ko ma saduwa da shi. Mai mulkin Buyid ne, Mu'izz al-Dawla, wanda ya yi aikin a maimakon haka.{{Sfn|Busse|2004}} An yi adawa da nadin, ta hanyar jama'a da kuma ra'ayi na masana, kuma an cire shi bayan kasa da shekaru biyu a ofis, a watan Yunin 963. Wanda ya riga shi, [[Umar ibn Aktham]], ya maye gurbinsa, kuma duk hukunce-hukuncensa sun zama marasa amfani.{{Sfn|Busse|2004}} Masanin tarihi na zamani Heribert Busse ya ɗauki lamarin a matsayin "watakila mafi kyawun misali na cin amana" na dukan lokacin, kuma ya ce masanin tarihi na zamanin d ̄ a al-Khatib al-Baghdadi bai yi niyyar hada tarihin Abdallah a cikin ƙamus na tarihin rayuwarsa game da tarihin Bagadaza ba.{{Sfn|Busse|2004}} Abdallah ya mutu a wani lokaci a cikin 1025-1027.{{Sfn|Busse|2004}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} nrgl9mcy6y2mt6prtbsq6wtqft8xem3 0 142940 821035 802862 2026-04-14T06:04:00Z BnHamid 12586 821035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Cecile Craik Hibben[1] (1888–1964), wacce aka fi sani da Sheila Hibben, 'yar jaridar abinci ce ta Amurka. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai sukar abinci na farko a jaridar The New Yorker, tana aiki a mujallar tsawon shekaru 20. Ta kuma rubuta littattafan girki da dama. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haife ta Cecile Craik <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 1964 |title=Sheila Hibben, 76, A Food Authority |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/02/21/sheila-hibben-76-a-food-authority.html |website=The New York Times}}</ref> a 1888, a [[Montgomery|Montgomery, Alabama]], kuma ta girma a Italiya da Faransa. Ta yi aiki a yakin duniya na a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya, kuma ta sami Croix de Guerre . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alabama Authors HIBBEN, SHEILA, 1884–1964 |url=https://www.lib.ua.edu/Alabama_Authors/?p=1504 |access-date=2017-11-12 |website=Alabama Authors |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta auri Paxton Hibben a 1916 a [[Athens]], kuma ma'auratan sun shafe shekaru da yawa a Turai. Lokacin da aka hayar ta a 1934, ta zama mai sukar abinci na farko na The New Yorker.<ref name="story" /> Ta yi aiki a can na tsawon shekaru 20, tana nazarin abinci da abin sha a cikin "Markets and Menus", tare da rubuta wani shafi da ake kira "About the House". Ta kasance mai ba da gudummawa na lokaci-lokaci ga ''Vogue'', House Beautiful, da Harper's Bazaar . Bayan rasuwar mijinta a 1928, Hibben ta fara rubutu saboda bukata, ta wallafa littattafai da yawa, ciki har da The National Cookbook (1932), Good Food for Bad Stomachs (1951), American Regional Cookery (1946), da A Kitchen Manual (1941). Wataƙila aikin da aka fi sani da ita shine The National Cookbook, wanda ya zama mafi kyawun sayarwa kuma ya taimaka mata ta sami hayar The New Yorker . <ref name="story">{{Cite web |title=Eating American |url=http://storyoftheweek.loa.org/2014/11/eating-american.html |access-date=2017-11-12 |website=Story of the Week}}</ref> Good Food for Bad Stomachs an rubuta shi ne bisa buƙatar Harold Ross, babban editan The New Yorker, wanda ke fama da cututtukan cututtuka. A lokacin mutuwarta a shekara ta 1964, Hibben ta rubuta fiye da labaran 350 don The New Yorker . [1] Baya ga rubuce-rubuce, ta ba Rex Stout menus don litattafan Nero Wolfe da labaru.[1] A cikin littafin abinci na Nero Wolfe, wanda Viking Press ta fara buga a 1973, Stout ya rubuta, "Dukkanin jita-jita a cikin Too Many Cooks an dafa su sau biyu - wasu sau uku ko fiye - da ni da marigayi Sheila Hibben ... ita ƙaunatacciyata ce kuma mai daraja". [1] A cikin 1934, an kawo Hibben zuwa Fadar White House don ba da shawara ga ma'aikatan game da shirye-shiryen abinci.[2] Ta mutu a shekara ta 1964.[1] == Manazarta == nf23b7luu53rpspwncv2uz54mezgtom 0 143160 820866 803541 2026-04-13T17:22:49Z Gwanki 3834 /* Ayyukan kasa da kasa */ 820866 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Maria Helene Henriksson Akraka (an haife ta a ranar 7 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1966) 'ɗan kasuwa ce mai ritaya ta Sweden, mai watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin kuma tsohuwar 'ɗan wasa.[1] == Ayyukan kwaleji == Akraka ta yi gasa a matsayin mai tsere a duka biyun da kuma waƙa da filin ga Jihar Iowa a Amurka. Ta gama aikinta a matsayin mai cin kofin Amurka sau hudu kuma ta lashe kofin Big Eight sau biyu.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Black History Month: Maria Akraka - Iowa State University |url=http://cyclones.com/news/2013/2/25/206511960.aspx |access-date=2018-01-24 |website=Iowa State University |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010 an shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Cyclones na Jihar Iowa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iowa State Athletics |url=http://cyclones.com/hof.aspx?hof=8 |access-date=2018-01-24 |website=cyclones.com |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Akraka ta fafata a Gasar Zakarun Turai guda hudu, gasar zakaruna ta duniya guda uku, da kuma [[Wasannin Olympics na Barcelona|Wasannin Olympics na 1992]] a duka tseren mita 1,500 da 800. == Ayyukan bayan wasan motsa jiki == Akraka ta yi aiki a baya a matsayin mai karɓar bakuncin tashar ATG, Channel 75, inda ta yi hira da masu tseren dawakai. Ta kuma yi aiki ga TV4 da ke rufe tseren dawakai. A shekara ta 2006, ta fara aiki ga SVT, ta dauki bakuncin wasan kwaikwayo na wasanni na ''Megadrom'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunneborn i sportsåpa i SVT &#124; Gotland.net |url=http://www.gotland.net/sv/bo-leva/arkiv/2004/sunneborn-i-sportsapa-i-svt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823123050/http://www.gotland.net/sv/bo-leva/arkiv/2004/sunneborn-i-sportsapa-i-svt |archive-date=2010-08-23 |access-date=2010-06-08}}</ref> kuma ta rufe gasa daban-daban na wasanni kamar Olympics da DN Galan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=SVT Malmö satsar på extremsport - Kultur & Nöjen - Sydsvenskan - Nyheter dygnet runt |url=http://www.sydsvenskan.se/kultur-och-nojen/article59216/SVT-Malmo-satsar-pa-extremsport.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005171923/http://www.sydsvenskan.se/kultur-och-nojen/article59216/SVT-Malmo-satsar-pa-extremsport.html |archive-date=2011-10-05 |access-date=2010-06-08}}</ref><ref name="hd.se">{{Cite web |title=Hd.se - Maria Akraka "Jag saknar inte träningsslitet" |url=http://hd.se/familj/2006/07/06/maria_akraka_jag_saknar_inte/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155054/http://hd.se/familj/2006/07/06/maria_akraka_jag_saknar_inte/ |archive-date=2007-09-30 |access-date=2007-07-05}}</ref> A shekara ta 2009, ita da mijinta sun sayi wani yanki tare da horar da doki a shekara ta 2009. Yanzu tana ciyar da yawancin lokacinta wajen horar da dawakai na tseren. A halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga mai sayar da kayan ''Wasanni'', Intersport <ref>{{Cite web |title=Maria Akraka ska locka kvinnor till Intersport - Market |url=http://www.market.se/Brancher/Sport-fritid/Maria-Akraka-ska-locka-kvinnor-till-Intersport/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029204343/http://www.market.se/Brancher/Sport-fritid/Maria-Akraka-ska-locka-kvinnor-till-Intersport/ |archive-date=2013-10-29 |access-date=2010-06-08}}</ref> da kuma wanda ya kafa / Shugaba na Sportcore, hukumar aiki ga tsoffin 'yan wasa masu sana'a. == Mafi kyawun mutum == {| class="wikitable" !Yankin da ke sama !Abin da ya faru !Lokaci !Ranar !Wuri |- | rowspan="7" |A waje |400 m |54:50 |20 ga watan Agusta 1988 |[[Malmö|Malmö, Sweden]] |- |800 m |2:00:58 |8 ga watan Agusta 1991 |Lahti, Finland |- |1,000 m |2:38:30 |25 ga Yulin 1995 |[[Monaco]] |- |1,500 m |4:08:63 |19 ga watan Agusta 1994 |Brussels, Belgium |- |Mil 1 |4:32:04 |10 Satumba 1993 |[[Landan|Landan, Ingila]] |- |2,000 m |5:47:76 |4 ga Satumba 1994 |[[Sheffield|Sheffield, Ingila]] |- |3,000 m |9:04:35 |28 ga watan Agusta 1994 |[[Stockholm|Stockholm, Sweden]] |- | colspan="6" style="background:#e6e6e6;" | |- | rowspan="2" |Cikin gida |800 m |2:00:01^NR |19 Fabrairu 1998 |[[Stockholm|Stockholm, Sweden]] |- |1,500 m |4:07:74 |18 Fabrairu 1992 |[[Genoa|Genoa, Italiya]] |- | colspan="6" style="background:#e6e6e6;" | |- | rowspan="1" |Hanyar |Mil 1 |4:29.0h |1 ga Fabrairu 1998 |Santee, CA, Amurka |- | colspan="5" style="font-size:8pt; text-align:center;" |'''Bayani:''' |} == Rayuwa ta mutum == Akraka ta auri tsohon mai tsalle-tsalle sau uku Tord Henriksson <ref>{{Cite web |title=Olympedia – Tord Henriksson |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/76191 |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=www.olympedia.org}}</ref> kuma suna da 'ya'ya biyu. Akraka was born in London to a Swedish mother and a [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Nigerian]] father.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maria Akraka |url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/5557936-Maria-Akraka |access-date=2018-01-24 |website=Discogs |language=en}}</ref> The family moved to Sweden but her parents separated and her father moved back to [[Najeriya|Nigeria]]. She was raised by her mother in Rågsved outside [[Stockholm]]. Her father Smart Akraka<ref>{{Cite web |title=Olympedia – Smart Akraka |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/73995 |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=www.olympedia.org}}</ref> is a former track and field athlete who competed in the 1960 Olympic Games in [[Rum|Rome]]. She has a twin brother, Michael.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Black History Month: Maria Akraka - Iowa State University |url=http://cyclones.com/news/2013/2/25/206511960.aspx |access-date=2018-01-24 |website=Iowa State University |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://cyclones.com/news/2013/2/25/206511960.aspx "Black History Month: Maria Akraka - Iowa State University"]. ''Iowa State University''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == .mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:27em}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:22.5em}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=upper-alpha]{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=upper-roman]{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-alpha]{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-greek]{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-roman]{list-style-type:lower-roman}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-upper-alpha .references{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-upper-roman .references{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-alpha .references{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-greek .references{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-roman .references{list-style-type:lower-roman} == Haɗin waje == * {{World Athletics|}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] bwq3wkbzxag600remrhaa9ivdwr5p32 0 143754 820833 805093 2026-04-13T15:02:06Z BnHamid 12586 820833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Illegal (Faransanci: Illegal) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Belgium na 2010 wanda Olivier Masset-Depasse ya jagoranta. An zaɓi fim ɗin a matsayin shigarwar Belgium don Mafi kyawun Fim na Harshen Ƙasashen Waje a 83rd Academy Awards, amma bai shiga cikin gajerun jerin sunayen karshe ba. <ref name="Oscar Shortlist">{{Cite web |title=9 Foreign Language Films Continue to Oscar Race |url=http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2011/20110119.html |access-date=19 January 2011 |website=oscars.org}}</ref> Fim din ya sami gabatarwa takwas a 1st Magritte Awards, inda ya lashe kyautar Actress mafi kyau ga [[Anne Coesens]] da kuma Best Supporting Actress ga Christelle Cornil . Fim din yana sukar ayyukan jami'an shige da fice na Belgium. == Makirci == Fim din ya biyo bayan Tania da ɗanta mai shekaru 13 Ivan, baƙi biyu na [[Rasha]] da ba bisa ka'ida ba da ke zaune a [[Beljik|Belgium]]. Bayan an hana ta zama na dindindin na Belgium, Tania da gangan ta ƙone yatsunsu don cire yatsunsu kuma ta guje wa ganewa. Tania ta shawarci abokiyarta ta [[Belarus]] Zina da ta nemi mafaka ta siyasa, tunda 'yan Belgium suna ɗaukar Belarus a matsayin mulkin kama karya, amma Zina da alama ta watsar da shawarar Tania. An kama Tania, amma ta gaya wa Ivan ya gudu. Ta ki gaya mata sunanta, tana fatan za a sake ta bayan watanni 5, kamar yadda wani ba bisa ka'ida ba ya gaya mata. Ivan ya zo ya zauna tare da Zina. Tania tana da sha'awar fara aiki a cibiyar tsare-tsare don samun kuɗi don kiran shi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. Ivan yana so ya fara aiki don samun abin biyan bukata. Koyaya, Tania tana damuwa cewa zai zama aikin aikata laifuka. Ivan yana so ya ziyarce ta, amma ba ta son hakan, zai iya sa abubuwa su fi muni. Hukumomi sun yi barazanar sanya ta a kurkuku na tsawon shekaru biyu saboda ba da sunan ƙarya yayin neman inshorar likita. Da yake ba shi da bege, Tania ta bayyana kanta a matsayin Zina kuma ta nemi mafaka ta siyasa, a matsayin Belarusian. Amma sai ta yi mamakin sanin cewa Zina ta riga ta nemi mafaka a baya, a Poland. Daga ƙarshe an tilasta Tania (a matsayin Zina) cikin jirgin sama don a kore shi zuwa Poland. Koyaya, wasu fasinjoji sun nuna rashin amincewa, kuma an cire ta daga jirgin. Bayan an yi mata duka a kan hanyar da take komawa cibiyar tsare-tsare, sai ta farka a asibiti, kuma ta tsere wa mai gadin barci, don a ƙarshe ta sake haduwa da ɗanta Ivan. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Anne Coesens]] a matsayin Tania * [[Alexandre Golntcharov|Alexander Golntcharov]] a matsayin Ivan * Christelle Cornil a matsayin Lieve * [[Frédéric Frenay]] a matsayin dan sanda 1 * Esse Lawson a matsayin Aissa * [[Olivier Schneider]] a matsayin 'yan sanda 2 * Shirley Rumierk a matsayin Maribel Chacon == Dubi kuma == * Jerin abubuwan da aka gabatar a cikin lambar yabo ta 83 ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Fim na Harshen Ƙasashen waje * Jerin gabatarwar Belgium don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Fim na Harshen Ƙasashen waje == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fim]] fb58hbjvbl8d0s6e82ejh972n4ivu7p 0 144021 820869 805719 2026-04-13T17:24:50Z Gwanki 3834 /* Taimako */ 820869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Chantal Biya (née Chantal Pulchérie Vigouroux; an haife ta a ranar 4 ga watan Disamba 1970) ƴar Kamaru ce, wacce ke aiki a matsayin Uwargidan Shugaban Kamaru tun daga 1994 a matsayin matar Shugaba Paul Biya . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Chantal Biya a Dimako, Lardin Gabas, Kamaru . Mahaifinta shi ne ɗan ƙasar Faransa Georges Vigouroux . Mahaifiyarta, Rosette Ndongo Mengolo, ta kasance mai cin nasara a gasar Miss Doumé . An zabi mahaifiyarta a matsayin magajin gari na Bangou bayan Zaben birni na Yuli 2007. Ta yi matashi a [[Yaounde|Yaoundé]] . == Taimako == Ta kafa Gidauniyar Chantal Biya a shekarar 1994. A shekara ta 1996, ta dauki bakuncin taron mata na farko a Yaoundé . ''Matasa mai aiki ga Chantal Biya'' kungiya ce ta ƙungiyar Demokradiyya ta Jama'ar Kamaru ta mijinta . == Cin hanci da rashawa == Paul and Chantal Biya's corruption and the theft of national assets of Cameroon has been well-documented. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template " style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (May 2024)">by whom?</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> With her son {{Interlanguage link|Franck Hertz|fr}}, she purchased apartments in Paris despite no visible income.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> U.S. diplomatic cables confirm endemic corruption in Cameroon, which reportedly amounted to more than $650 million between 2017 and 2022. == Bertrand Teyou == A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2010, Bertrand Teyou ya wallafa wani littafi, La belle de la république bananière: Chantal Biya, de la rue au palais (Turanci: "The Belle of the Banana Republic: Chantal biya, from the Streets to the Palace"), yana bin diddigin tashiwar Biya daga asalin tawali'u don zama Uwargidan Shugaban kasa. Daga baya aka ba shi hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru biyu a kurkuku kan zargin "zagi ga hali" da shirya " zanga-zangar ba bisa ka'ida ba" don ƙoƙarin gudanar da karatun jama'a.<ref name="Lees2014" /><ref name="Mitchell2011a" /> [[Amnesty International]] da Kwamitin Marubutan Kurkuku na PEN International sun nuna rashin amincewa da kama shi kuma sun yi kira a madadinsa. Amnesty International ta kira shi fursuna na lamiri.<ref name="AI">{{Cite web |date=12 April 2011 |title=Urgent Action: Cameroonian writer held in harsh conditions |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr17/001/2011/en/ |publisher=Amnesty International}}</ref> An sake shi a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2011 lokacin da wani mai son ya amince ya biya tarar sa domin ya nemi magani don rashin lafiyarsa. == Rayuwa ta mutum == [[Fayil:ChantalBiya42.jpg|thumb|322x322px|Chantal Biya tana karɓar gaisuwa daga Kwamishinan 'yan sanda na Kamaru, Dokta Cecile Oyono a cikin 2012]] Ta auri [[Paul Biya]], wanda ya girme ta da shekaru 36, a ranar 23 ga Afrilu 1994, bayan matarsa ta farko, [[Jeanne-Irène Biya]], ta mutu a shekarar 1992. [[Fayil:Chantal_Biya_with_Obamas_2014.jpg|thumb|222x222px|Chantal Biya tare da Michelle Obama a cikin 2014]] [[Fayil:Ouverture_CAN_(7).jpg|thumb|222x222px|Paul da Chantal Biya a cikin motar shugaban kasa a Filin wasa na Olembé Paul Biya, 2022]] Tana da tagwaye Franck da Patrick Hertz (an haife ta a shekara ta 1987) tare da mijinta na farko. Tare da Paul Biya, tana da 'ya'ya biyu: Paul Jr. da Brenda Biya . An san ''Chantal Biya'' da [[Kitso|salon gashi]] mai kyau. Musamman yadda Mrs. Biya ta yi amfani da wigs, ana kiran salon sa hannu da ''ayaba'', kuma ana amfani da shi don lokutan da suka dace. <ref>{{Cite web |title=WITH ALL DUE RESPECT:NO ONE SNATCHES CHANTEL BIYA'S WIG (AND FOR GOOD REASON) |url=https://www.ebony.com/chantel-biya-hair-053/ |website=www.ebony.com}}</ref> Biya ya shahara da wasu salon. Gaba ɗaya, an san su da Chantal Biya. An san ta da tufafinta na musamman, gami da rigunan mai zane, da kuma jakar mai zane. Daga cikin masu zanen da ta fi so akwai manyan alamun Turai kamar Chanel, Dior da Louis Vuitton . <ref name="Lees2014" /><gallery> Fayil:Chantal_Biya_and_Laura_Bush,_2003.jpg|Chantal Biya and [[Laura Bush]] after a coffee in the [[White House]]'s Yellow Oval Room, 2003 Fayil:First_Ladies_2008.jpg|At a global First Ladies meeting in New York, 2008 Fayil:Paul_Biya_with_Obamas.jpg|The Obamas with Chantal and [[Paul Biya]], 2009 Fayil:Paul_Biya_with_Obamas_2014.jpg|The Obamas with Chantal and Paul Biya, 2014 </gallery> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|30em}} == Bayanan littattafai ==   == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://www.prc.cm/en/the-first-lady}} {{S-start}} {{S-hon}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl}} {{S-inc}} {{S-end}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mjjtq6x459gptw5n357lyj07sse54tp 820870 820869 2026-04-13T17:25:18Z Gwanki 3834 /* Cin hanci da rashawa */ 820870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Chantal Biya (née Chantal Pulchérie Vigouroux; an haife ta a ranar 4 ga watan Disamba 1970) ƴar Kamaru ce, wacce ke aiki a matsayin Uwargidan Shugaban Kamaru tun daga 1994 a matsayin matar Shugaba Paul Biya . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Chantal Biya a Dimako, Lardin Gabas, Kamaru . Mahaifinta shi ne ɗan ƙasar Faransa Georges Vigouroux . Mahaifiyarta, Rosette Ndongo Mengolo, ta kasance mai cin nasara a gasar Miss Doumé . An zabi mahaifiyarta a matsayin magajin gari na Bangou bayan Zaben birni na Yuli 2007. Ta yi matashi a [[Yaounde|Yaoundé]] . == Taimako == Ta kafa Gidauniyar Chantal Biya a shekarar 1994. A shekara ta 1996, ta dauki bakuncin taron mata na farko a Yaoundé . ''Matasa mai aiki ga Chantal Biya'' kungiya ce ta ƙungiyar Demokradiyya ta Jama'ar Kamaru ta mijinta . == Bertrand Teyou == A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2010, Bertrand Teyou ya wallafa wani littafi, La belle de la république bananière: Chantal Biya, de la rue au palais (Turanci: "The Belle of the Banana Republic: Chantal biya, from the Streets to the Palace"), yana bin diddigin tashiwar Biya daga asalin tawali'u don zama Uwargidan Shugaban kasa. Daga baya aka ba shi hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru biyu a kurkuku kan zargin "zagi ga hali" da shirya " zanga-zangar ba bisa ka'ida ba" don ƙoƙarin gudanar da karatun jama'a.<ref name="Lees2014" /><ref name="Mitchell2011a" /> [[Amnesty International]] da Kwamitin Marubutan Kurkuku na PEN International sun nuna rashin amincewa da kama shi kuma sun yi kira a madadinsa. Amnesty International ta kira shi fursuna na lamiri.<ref name="AI">{{Cite web |date=12 April 2011 |title=Urgent Action: Cameroonian writer held in harsh conditions |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr17/001/2011/en/ |publisher=Amnesty International}}</ref> An sake shi a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2011 lokacin da wani mai son ya amince ya biya tarar sa domin ya nemi magani don rashin lafiyarsa. == Rayuwa ta mutum == [[Fayil:ChantalBiya42.jpg|thumb|322x322px|Chantal Biya tana karɓar gaisuwa daga Kwamishinan 'yan sanda na Kamaru, Dokta Cecile Oyono a cikin 2012]] Ta auri [[Paul Biya]], wanda ya girme ta da shekaru 36, a ranar 23 ga Afrilu 1994, bayan matarsa ta farko, [[Jeanne-Irène Biya]], ta mutu a shekarar 1992. [[Fayil:Chantal_Biya_with_Obamas_2014.jpg|thumb|222x222px|Chantal Biya tare da Michelle Obama a cikin 2014]] [[Fayil:Ouverture_CAN_(7).jpg|thumb|222x222px|Paul da Chantal Biya a cikin motar shugaban kasa a Filin wasa na Olembé Paul Biya, 2022]] Tana da tagwaye Franck da Patrick Hertz (an haife ta a shekara ta 1987) tare da mijinta na farko. Tare da Paul Biya, tana da 'ya'ya biyu: Paul Jr. da Brenda Biya . An san ''Chantal Biya'' da [[Kitso|salon gashi]] mai kyau. Musamman yadda Mrs. Biya ta yi amfani da wigs, ana kiran salon sa hannu da ''ayaba'', kuma ana amfani da shi don lokutan da suka dace. <ref>{{Cite web |title=WITH ALL DUE RESPECT:NO ONE SNATCHES CHANTEL BIYA'S WIG (AND FOR GOOD REASON) |url=https://www.ebony.com/chantel-biya-hair-053/ |website=www.ebony.com}}</ref> Biya ya shahara da wasu salon. Gaba ɗaya, an san su da Chantal Biya. An san ta da tufafinta na musamman, gami da rigunan mai zane, da kuma jakar mai zane. Daga cikin masu zanen da ta fi so akwai manyan alamun Turai kamar Chanel, Dior da Louis Vuitton . <ref name="Lees2014" /><gallery> Fayil:Chantal_Biya_and_Laura_Bush,_2003.jpg|Chantal Biya and [[Laura Bush]] after a coffee in the [[White House]]'s Yellow Oval Room, 2003 Fayil:First_Ladies_2008.jpg|At a global First Ladies meeting in New York, 2008 Fayil:Paul_Biya_with_Obamas.jpg|The Obamas with Chantal and [[Paul Biya]], 2009 Fayil:Paul_Biya_with_Obamas_2014.jpg|The Obamas with Chantal and Paul Biya, 2014 </gallery> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|30em}} == Bayanan littattafai ==   == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://www.prc.cm/en/the-first-lady}} {{S-start}} {{S-hon}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl}} {{S-inc}} {{S-end}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5v4q4n1x7vxse5k1s6zp5t3yv66bvya 0 144040 821068 805761 2026-04-14T06:15:23Z Gwanki 3834 821068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Sonia Agu (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1988) 'yar kasuwa ce ta Najeriya. Ita ce ta kafa kuma Shugaba na The Sapio Club da G1st International Foundation . Ita memba ce ta kwamitin zartarwa na reshen Najeriya na Hukumar Matasan Pan African . A cikin 2020, majalisar matasa ta jihar Legas ta lissafa ta a matsayin daya daga cikin matasa masu tasiri a jihar Legas a cikin 2020. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Sonnia Agu ne a Jihar Legas, Najeriya kuma asalinsa daga Okija ne a jihar Anambra . Ta fara karatunta a Christland Nursery da Makarantar Firamare Ikeja . Don karatun sakandare, ta halarci Kwalejin 'yan mata ta Gwamnatin Tarayya (FGGC) Jihar Oyo . Ta fara karatun zane-zane a [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] amma ta bar a shekara ta uku zuwa Jami'ar Gabashin Bahar Rum, Cyprus inda ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a Media da Sadarwa.<ref name="Guardian" /> Bayan COVID-19, ta sami wani nasarorin ilimi daga MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) a Kasuwanci da shirin tasiri ga kamfanonin zamantakewa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> A cikin 2019, ta shiga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard inda aka tabbatar da ita tare da digiri na wucewa a matsayin 'yar kasuwa daga Tattalin Arziki mai tasowa. Ta kuma sami digiri na wucewa daga OxfordX wani shiri na Jami'ar Oxford a ''Fahimtar Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki''. == Ayyuka == A cikin 2013, bayan ya dawo Najeriya daga Jami'ar Cyprus, Agu ya kafa G1st International Foundation, kungiyar da ba ta da riba. G1st shine takaice ga "Allah na Farko". G1st ta yi aiki tare a duniya tare da Gidauniyar Girma, London; Gidauniya ta SOS, Gambiya; Gidauriyar Lawrence Hope, Afirka ta Kudu da Abinci don Rayuwa, Hungary. A cikin shekara ta 2015, an kafa Civic Engagement na G1st Foundation, wanda aka lakafta Sapiosexual Club, <ref name="Guardian" /> <ref name="sonni" /> wanda aka yi rajista tare da Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci da Zuba Jari ta Tarayyar Najeriya. A cikin 2013, Agu ta yi aiki a ƙarƙashin ofishin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Shugaban kasa kan Da'a da Ɗabi'a, Sarah Jibril inda ta kafa shirin Matasa kan Da'A da Alhakin Jama'a (YES). A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2014, ta kasance daga cikin tawagar da ta dauki bakuncin bikin cika shekaru dari na Najeriya, A Nation United, wanda Shugaba [[Goodluck Jonathan|Goodluck Ebele Jonathan]] ya shirya. A shekara ta 2016, ta sami lambar yabo ta Jihar Legas saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga ci gaba da ci gaban ilimi a [[Ajegunle]] . <ref name="news" /> Agu ta sami lambar yabo ta 2018 West African Leadership Summit Award for Community Development don nuna godiya ga "jagoranci mai kyau, sabis mara son kai, da sadaukarwa ga ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na Afirka ta Yamma". A watan Yunin 2018, ta shiga cikin tattaunawar teburin zagaye "Ba Wani Ra'ayi na Najeriya ba", wani aikin da aka tsara don magance tsattsauran ra'ayi na tashin hankali wanda NERI (North East Regional Initiative) ta shirya. Agu ya wakilci Najeriya a Gambiya, a taron 3rd Pan African Commission wanda Asusun Jama'a na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNFPA) ya shirya, don nazarin da tunani game da hanyoyin da za a cimma burin Majalisar Dinkinobho na 2063 a shekarar 2019. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019, Agu ta wakilci Najeriya a Taron Matasa na Duniya, wanda aka gudanar a Alkahira, Misira, inda shugaban Masar [[Abdul Fatah el-Sisi|Abdelfattah El-Sisi]] ya zaba ta a matsayin Jakadan Mata na Afirka. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, an ba ta lambar yabo a matsayin "mai cin nasara a kowane kyakkyawan aiki" ta Ƙungiyar Daliban Arewacin Najeriya (NANNS). A ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, 2023 an ba ta takardar shaidar don Kyautar Kyautattun Duniya ta Jagora ba tare da iyakoki ba a Fadar Lords na Westminster London, Burtaniya. == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == A cikin 2025, an sanya sunan Agu a cikin "Top 40 Under 40" ta Mafi Mutanen da suka fi tasiri na Afirka (MIPAD) don aikinta da Humanitarianism. A wannan shekarar 2025, Crest Africa ta girmama ta a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan mata na Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ademola |date=2025-04-15 |title=Crest Africa Names Amb. Sonnia Agu One of Africa’s Leading Women |url=https://thestatusonline.com/crest-africa-names-amb-sonnia-agu-one-of-africas-leading-women |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=The Status Online |language=en-US}}</ref> * Kyautar Kyautattun Duniya, House of Lords, Westminster Palace (UK), 2023 * Kyakkyawan Dan Kasuwancin Jama'a na Afirka, Kyautar Masu Amfani da Afirka (UK), 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-07 |title=Meet Sonnia Agu: Pioneering Social Entrepreneur Championing Youth Empowerment And Transformation In Africa |url=https://talentedwomennetwork.com/meet-sonnia-agu-pioneering-social-entrepreneur-championing-youth-empowerment-and-transformation-in-africa/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Mai cin nasara ta hanyar Kyakkyawan, "Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Daliban Arewacin Najeriya (NANNS), 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Network |first=Her |date=2021-02-08 |title=‘The idea is to create a society that is non- biased, non-political and free from all racial or religious distinctions.’ – Sonnia Agu |url=https://www.hernetwork.co/the-idea-is-to-create-a-society-that-is-non-biased-non-political-and-free-from-all-racial-or-religious-distinctions-sonnia-agu/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=Her Network |language=en-US}}</ref> * Kyautar Matasan da suka fi tasiri a Jihar Legas (Majalisar Matasan Legas) 2020 * Jakadan mata na Afirka 2019 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Weekly |first=Sahara |date=2023-08-09 |title=Dr. Ambassador. Sonnia Agu made Nigerians proud at the African Union |url=https://saharaweeklyng.com/dr-ambassador-sonnia-agu-made-nigerians-prou/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en}}</ref> * Kyautar Taron Jagorancin Yammacin Afirka (Ci gaban Al'umma) 2018 == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] olb8dx2f3lelbwautoq1hqqygdjojyx 0 144901 821072 808078 2026-04-14T06:18:52Z Gwanki 3834 821072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Lamiez Mischa Miriam Holworthy-Morule (née Holworthy; An haife ta 12 Yuni 1992), 'yar Afirka ta Kudu ce DJ, mai gabatar da talabijin, mai gabatarwar rediyo, mai shirya rikodin, 'yar kasuwa kuma mai ba da agaji. An fi saninta da karbar bakuncin wasan kwaikwayo na SABC 1, Live AMP . == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Holworthy a ranar 12 ga Launi 1992 a Eersterust don yin rikodin mai gabatarwa Chicco Twala da Imelda Klow . Lokacin da take 'yar shekara 11 mahaifiyarta ta auri Enver Holworthy wanda ya karbe ta kuma ya ba ta sunansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ngcobo |first=Nokuthula |date=2024-01-25 |title=Is Chicco Twala DJ Lamiez's biological father? Old posts resurface |url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/celeb-news/local-celebs/chicco-twala-dj-lamiez-holworthy-biological-father-old-posts-resurface-stepfather-mother-imelda-klow/ |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=The South African |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ta fito ne daga asalin Indiya ta Kudu, Coloured, da kuma al'adun Tsonga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kwazi |first=Thami |date=2025-11-18 |title=WATCH: Lamiez Holworthy dances the with dad Chicco Twala in heartwarming Xibelani moment |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/lifestyle/entertainment/celebrity-news/watchlamiez-holworthy-dances-the-with-dad-chicco-twala-in-heartwarming-xibelani/ |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=The Citizen |language=en}}</ref> Ta girma a Laudium kuma ta halarci Andrew Anthony Primary, sannan, Sunnyside Primary sannan daga baya, Kwaggasrand Primary . <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2024 |title=IN PICTURES: DJ Lamiez Holworthy's age revealed, SA stunned |url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/celeb-news/local-celebs/in-pictures-dj-lamiez-holworthys-age-revealed-sa-stunned/ |access-date=19 November 2024 |website=thesouthafrican.com}}</ref> Ta kuma halarci Pro Arte Alphen Park daga aji 8 zuwa 9. A shekara ta 2009, ta yi karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Laudium, sannan ta ci gaba da karatun kafofin watsa labarai a Boston Media House a shekara ta 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |title="People think I'm an overnight success," - Lamiez Holworthy |url=https://www.news24.com/amp/truelove/archive/people-think-im-an-overnight-success-lamiez-holworthy-20190426 |access-date=10 January 2022 |website=news24.com}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Lamiez ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo na diski na ƙarƙashin ƙasa yayin da take koyo da kuma ƙwarewa a fannin haɗa abubuwa a shekarar 2010. Ta fara aikinta a makarantar sakandare ta hanyar gabatar da wani shiri mai suna ''KMTV'' a Soweto TV kuma daga baya ta zama mai masaukin baki a shirin salon rayuwar Afirka ta Kudu ''mai suna Living The Dream'' wanda aka watsa a Tshwane TV. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2020 |title=5 Things You May Not Have Known About DJ Lamiez Holworthy |url=https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/5-things-you-may-not-have-known-about-dj-lamiez-holworthy/ |access-date=10 January 2022 |website=zkhiphani.co.za}}</ref> Ta bayyana cewa ta kusa barin masana'antar nishaɗi bayan hatsarin da ya faru a lokacin gwajinta inda aka lalata motarta, kuma aka sace kayan aikinta na deejay. Bayan shekaru bakwai, ta sami babban rawar da ta taka a shirin SABC 1 's ''Live Amp'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lamiez Holworthy on how LiveAMP changed her & how she changed others |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/amp/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2021-11-16-lamiez-holworthy-on-how-liveamp-changed-her--how-she-changed-others/ |access-date=10 January 2022 |website=timeslive.co.za}}</ref> In October 2021, she was honoured at the South African Heroines Awards for her philanthropic work.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lamiez Holworthy gets honoured: 'Thank you for reminding me why I do what I do' |url=https://www.dailydispatch.co.za/lifestyle/entertainment/2021-10-18-lamiez-holworthy-gets-honoured-thank-you-for-reminding-me-why-i-do-what-i-do/ |access-date=10 January 2022 |website=dispatchlive.co.za}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Ta sadu da rapper Khuli Chana a watan Agustan 2018 kuma ma'auratan sun yi aure a watan Nuwamba 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Khuli Chana and Lamiez Holworthy on the year that was and their plans for the holiday season |url=https://www.news24.com/amp/drum/celebs/news/khuli-chana-and-lamiez-holworthy-on-the-year-that-was-and-their-plans-for-the-holiday-season-20211202 |access-date=10 January 2022 |website=news24.com}}</ref> Sun yi maraba da ɗansu na farko Leano-Laone Zion Morule a ranar 9 ga Maris 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keteyi |first=Oluthando |date=2008-09-16 |title=LOOK: Khuli Chana and Lamiez Holworthy welcome their son: ‘What a time’ |url=https://thepost.co.za/lifestyle/family/baby/2023-04-11-look-khuli-chana-and-lamiez-holworthy-welcome-their-son-what-a-time/ |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=The Post |language=en}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo da nadin mukamai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Bikin bayar da kyautar !Kyautar !Sakamakon |- |2021 |Kyautar Kiɗa ta SA Amapiano |Mafi kyawun Amapiano Female DJ Act|{{Nom}}<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/sa-amapiano-music-awards-2021-all-winners |title= SA Amapiano Music Awards 2021: All the winners |work= musicinafrica.net |date= 25 October 2021 |access-date=10 January 2022}}</ref> |- |2022 |Basadi a cikin Kyautar Kiɗa |DJ na Shekara|{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Basadi in Music Awards 2022: All the winners |first=Ano |last=Shumba|date= October 15, 2022| publisher=Music in Africa |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/basadi-music-awards-2022-all-winners| access-date =2022-10-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=It took 12 years, says Lamiez after winning big at Basadi Awards|url=https://sundayworld.co.za/celebrity-news/it-took-12-years-says-lamiez-after-winning-big-at-basadi-awards/|work=Sunday World|date=2022-10-17|access-date=2022-10-19}}</ref> |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 919nqt5ksh54ofm7kjgzkroiolo2gef 0 147242 820809 816937 2026-04-13T14:37:40Z BnHamid 12586 820809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ''''''Annet Nakawunde''' Mulindwa''' (née Annet Nakawude) 'yar kasuwa ce kuma Shugaba kamfanoni a [[Uganda]], tattalin arziki na uku mafi girma a cikin Kungiyar Gabashin Afirka . Ita ce manajan darektan kuma Shugaba na Bankin Kudi Trust, mai ba da sabis na kuɗi tare da kadarorin da suka kai kimanin dala miliyan 92, a ranar 31 ga Disamba 2020. <ref name="New">{{Cite web |last=Finance Trust Bank |date=28 April 2021 |title=Summarized Financial Statements For The Period Ended 31 December 2020 |url=https://www.financetrust.co.ug/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/FTB-Financials-2020.pdf |access-date=31 October 2021 |website=Finance Trust Bank |place=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> == Tarihi da ilimi == An haifi Mulindwa a Yankin Tsakiya na Uganda a cikin shekarun 1960. Ta yi karatu a makarantun firamare da sakandare na gida kafin ta shiga Jami'ar Makerere, tsohuwar jami'ar jama'a a kasar. Ta kammala karatu daga Makerere tare da digiri na farko na Arts . Ta sami difloma ta digiri na biyu a cikin gudanar da kudi daga Cibiyar Gudanar da Uganda (UMI) a Kampala . Daga baya, ta sami Jagora na Gudanar da Kasuwanci a fannin kudi, kuma daga UMI.[1] == Ayyuka == A farkon shekarun 1990s, Mulindwa ya fara ne a Pride Microfinance Limited sannan daga baya ya koma Bankin Nilu Limited, kafin ya shiga Bankin Trust. A Financial Trust, ta yi aiki a wurare daban-daban, gami da gudanarwa da sarrafawa, da kuma shugaban gudanarwa.<ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |last=FTB |date=January 2014 |title=Profile of Annet Nakawunde Mulindwa |url=http://www.financetrust.co.ug/annet-nakawunde-mulindwa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209022633/http://www.financetrust.co.ug/annet-nakawunde-mulindwa |archive-date=9 December 2014 |access-date=27 January 2015 |publisher=[[Finance Trust Bank]] (FTB)}}</ref> A tsawon lokaci, an san ta da ƙwarewar jagoranci kuma an ba ta ƙarin horo a cikin jagoranci, gudanarwa, da warware matsaloli.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mary Ellen Iskenderian |first=and Irena Shiba |date=8 March 2013 |title=In Honor of International Women's Day, We Celebrate Women As Leaders: The Citi Foundation And Women's World Banking Team Up To Expand The Women In Leadership Program |url=http://nextbillion.net/blogpost.aspx?blogid=3192 |access-date=27 January 2015 |publisher=NextBillion.Net}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Afrilu 2012, an nada ta a matsayin manajan darakta da Shugaba na abin da har yanzu ake kira Uganda Finance Trust, cibiyar microfinance. Lokacin da Bankin Uganda ya ba da cikakken lasisin banki na kasuwanci ga Financial Trust, Mulindwa ta zama mace ta biyu a tarihin banki na ƙasar da ta hau matsayin Shugaba a bankin kasuwanci a Uganda, a bayan [[Edigold Monday|Edigold Litinin]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mugabe |first=David |date=22 December 2013 |title=Banking Remains Attractive With Finance Trust As Latest Entrant |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1335927/banking-remains-attractive-finance-trust-entrant/ |access-date=22 May 2019}}</ref> An ƙaddamar da sabon bankin kasuwanci a hukumance a watan Janairun 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ismail Musa Ladu |date=22 January 2014 |title=Museveni, Mutebile Caution Banks On Customers' Savings |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Commodities/Museveni--Mutebile-caution-banks-on-customers--savings/-/688610/2154782/-/bxp4vp/-/index.html |access-date=27 January 2015}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 7rxhehqm656adey4esiv4zxjs09a4p6 0 147244 820786 816939 2026-04-13T14:22:36Z BnHamid 12586 820786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lydia Oile''' 'yar kasuwa ce ta Uganda kuma shugabar kamfanin, wacce ita ce ta kafa, mai shi kuma babban jami'in zartarwa na asibitin Le Mémorial Medical Services, a Kigo, Gundumar Wakiso, a Yankin Tsakiya na Uganda . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Nantume |first=Gillian |date=30 July 2017 |title=Oile's Quest To Heal The Sick |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Oile-quest-heal-sick/689842-4037646-vq5mr3/index.html |access-date=3 April 2019}}</ref> == Tarihi da ilimi == An haife ta ne a cikin shekarun 1960 ga Reverend Yosiya Kabugombe na ƙauyen Nyabiteete, Gundumar Rukungiri, a Yankin Yamma Uganda, a matsayin ta tara cikin 'ya'yansa goma.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Nantume |first=Gillian |date=30 July 2017 |title=Oile's Quest To Heal The Sick |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Oile-quest-heal-sick/689842-4037646-vq5mr3/index.html |access-date=3 April 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNantume2017">Nantume, Gillian (30 July 2017). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Oile-quest-heal-sick/689842-4037646-vq5mr3/index.html "Oile's Quest To Heal The Sick"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Ta halarci makarantar firamare ta Nyabiteete da makarantar sakandare ta mata ta Bweranyangi don karatun firamare da sakandare. Daga nan sai ta horar da ita a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Mulago, ta kammala karatu a matsayin Mataimakin Anesthetic a farkon shekarun 1980. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Nantume |first=Gillian |date=30 July 2017 |title=Oile's Quest To Heal The Sick |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Oile-quest-heal-sick/689842-4037646-vq5mr3/index.html |access-date=3 April 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNantume2017">Nantume, Gillian (30 July 2017). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Oile-quest-heal-sick/689842-4037646-vq5mr3/index.html "Oile's Quest To Heal The Sick"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> == Ayyuka == Ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Anesthetic na 'yan shekaru bayan kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Kula da Lafiya ta Mulago . A shekara ta 1991 ta zama manajan Lawsam Chemicals (Uganda) Limited, kamfani da ke kasuwanci a cikin kayan shafawa na masana'antu, yana mai da hankali ga masana'antar kwalliya da otal. Mijinta, dan Kenya, ya fara kasuwancin, ya ba matarsa kuma ya koma Kenya don yin takarar siyasa. Ya zuwa watan Maris na 2019, Ms Oile har yanzu ita ce mai mallakar kuma manajan darakta a kamfanin, tare da ofisoshi a yankin masana'antu na Kampala, babban birnin Uganda kuma birni mafi girma.[1][2] A watan Janairun 2015, ta bude asibitin Le Memorial, mai zaman kansa, don riba. Ya zuwa watan Yunin 2017, har yanzu ba a biya kayan aikin ba.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Nantume |first=Gillian |date=30 July 2017 |title=Oile's Quest To Heal The Sick |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Oile-quest-heal-sick/689842-4037646-vq5mr3/index.html |access-date=3 April 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNantume2017">Nantume, Gillian (30 July 2017). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Oile-quest-heal-sick/689842-4037646-vq5mr3/index.html "Oile's Quest To Heal The Sick"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Lydia Oile |date=April 2019 |title=Lydia Oile: Uganda |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/lydia-oile-a4a63795 |access-date=3 April 2019 |publisher=[[Linkedin.com]]}}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin darakta a Tausi Décor Limited, kamfanin zane-zane na ciki wanda ta mallaki.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Nantume |first=Gillian |date=30 July 2017 |title=Oile's Quest To Heal The Sick |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Oile-quest-heal-sick/689842-4037646-vq5mr3/index.html |access-date=3 April 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNantume2017">Nantume, Gillian (30 July 2017). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Oile-quest-heal-sick/689842-4037646-vq5mr3/index.html "Oile's Quest To Heal The Sick"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=MTN Uganda |date=17 March 2017 |title=Profile of Lydia Oile: Nominee MTN Women In Business Awards 2016 |url=https://www.mtn.co.ug/business/solutions/Documents/9%20Lydia%20Oyile.pdf |access-date=3 April 2019 |publisher=[[MTN Uganda]]}}</ref> == Iyali == A cikin kimanin shekaru goma Lydia Oile ta auri Mista Oile, ɗan ƙasar Kenya. Ma'auratan iyaye ne ga yara uku. Mista Oile ya mutu a shekara ta 1999.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Nantume |first=Gillian |date=30 July 2017 |title=Oile's Quest To Heal The Sick |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Oile-quest-heal-sick/689842-4037646-vq5mr3/index.html |access-date=3 April 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNantume2017">Nantume, Gillian (30 July 2017). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Oile-quest-heal-sick/689842-4037646-vq5mr3/index.html "Oile's Quest To Heal The Sick"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> == Sauran la'akari == Lydia Oile ita ce ta lashe lambar yabo ta MTN ta shekara-shekara ta 5 a cikin Kyautar Kyautar Kyauta a cikin Ayyukan Kudi. Ta sami lambar yabo a bikin bayar da kyautar, a ranar 17 ga Maris 2017 . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Nantume |first=Gillian |date=30 July 2017 |title=Oile's Quest To Heal The Sick |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Oile-quest-heal-sick/689842-4037646-vq5mr3/index.html |access-date=3 April 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNantume2017">Nantume, Gillian (30 July 2017). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Oile-quest-heal-sick/689842-4037646-vq5mr3/index.html "Oile's Quest To Heal The Sick"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=MTN Uganda |date=17 March 2017 |title=Profile of Lydia Oile: Nominee MTN Women In Business Awards 2016 |url=https://www.mtn.co.ug/business/solutions/Documents/9%20Lydia%20Oyile.pdf |access-date=3 April 2019 |publisher=[[MTN Uganda]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMTN_Uganda2017">MTN Uganda (17 March 2017). [https://www.mtn.co.ug/business/solutions/Documents/9%20Lydia%20Oyile.pdf "Profile of Lydia Oile: Nominee MTN Women In Business Awards 2016"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Kampala: [[MTN Uganda]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> == Dubi kuma == * Sarah Nabukalu Kiyimba * Sophia Namutebi * Jerin asibitoci a Uganda == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 0s0n3vz201dp5n1v06pbhxo5f9m3bfo 0 147407 820799 817755 2026-04-13T14:32:43Z BnHamid 12586 820799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Senne Lammens 2025.png|thumb|Senne Lammens]] '''Senne Lammens''' (an haife shi 7 ga Yuli 2002) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar [[Belgium]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga [[Royal Antwerp F.C.]] a gasar [[Belgian Pro League]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Senne Lammens Profile |url=https://royalantwerpfc.be |publisher=Royal Antwerp FC}}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Senne Lammens a birnin [[Zottegem]], Belgium, inda ya fara taka ƙwallo tun yana ƙarami a ƙungiyoyin matasa kafin ya shiga tsarin horo na manyan kulake.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Youth development Belgium |url=https://www.rbfa.be |publisher=Royal Belgian FA}}</ref> Tsayinsa da ƙwarewarsa a raga sun ja hankalin masu horo tun yana matashi.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Young Belgian goalkeeping talents |work=HLN |url=https://www.hln.be}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙungiya == === Club Brugge === Lammens ya shiga makarantar matasa ta [[Club Brugge KV]] inda ya ci gaba da bunƙasa har ya rattaba hannu kan kwangilar ƙwararru a shekarar 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Club Brugge contract news |url=https://www.clubbrugge.be}}</ref> Duk da cewa bai samu yawan buga wasa a babbar ƙungiya ba, ya kasance cikin jerin ‘yan wasa a wasannin gasar cikin gida da na Turai.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Brugge squad update |work=Het Nieuwsblad |url=https://www.nieuwsblad.be}}</ref> === Royal Antwerp === A shekarar 2023 ya koma [[Royal Antwerp F.C.]], inda ya fara samun dama a matsayin mai tsaron gida na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Antwerp signs Lammens |url=https://royalantwerpfc.be}}</ref> Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a wasannin lig da kofin cikin gida, inda ya nuna ƙwarewa wajen kare bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida da kuma sarrafa kwallayen sama.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Antwerp match report |work=De Standaard |url=https://www.standaard.be}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙasa == Lammens ya wakilci [[Belgium national under-16 football team|Belgium U16]], [[Belgium national under-17 football team|Belgium U17]], da kuma [[Belgium national under-21 football team|Belgium U21]] a matakin matasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Belgium youth squads |url=https://www.rbfa.be}}</ref> Ya kasance cikin jerin ‘yan wasan da ake sa ran za su taka rawa a babbar tawagar Belgium nan gaba.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Future of Belgian goalkeepers |work=Sporza |url=https://sporza.be}}</ref> == Salon Wasa == Senne Lammens mai tsaron gida ne mai tsayi (1.93 m), wanda aka san shi da ƙwarewa wajen tsayawa da bugun daga nesa, da kuma iya fara harin ƙungiya daga baya.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Goalkeeper analysis |work=HLN |url=https://www.hln.be}}</ref> Masana sun yaba masa da nutsuwa da kuma karfin hali a wasanni masu muhimmanci.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Antwerp goalkeeper performance |work=Het Nieuwsblad |url=https://www.nieuwsblad.be}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2002 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Belgian men's footballers]] [[Category:Belgium youth international footballers]] [[Category:Royal Antwerp F.C. players]] [[Category:Club Brugge KV players]] [[Category:Belgian Pro League players]] [[Category:Association football goalkeepers]] a7hb0pdm6v0o0dfyntpmrbty9w4am2t 0 147412 820823 817775 2026-04-13T14:44:26Z BnHamid 12586 820823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:RC Lens - Lille OSC (08-10-2023) 28.jpg|thumb|Leny Yoro]] '''Leny Jean‑Luc Yoro''' (an haife shi 13 Nuwamba 2005) shi ne ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa na Faransa wanda ke takawa a matsayin mai tsaron ƙungiyar a [[Premier League]] tare da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]. ==Farkon Rayuwa== Yoro an haife shi a '''Saint‑Maurice, Faransa'''. Ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami a ƙungiyar Alfortville kafin iyalinsa su koma yankin Lille, inda ya ci gaba da horo a Villeneuve‑d'Ascq sannan daga ƙarshe ya shiga ƙaramin tawagar Lille a 2017. ==Ƙungiyoyin Matasa== Yoro ya yi horo a: * Alfortville (2011–2012) * Villeneuve‑d'Ascq (2012–2017) * Lille (2017–2022) ==Ƙungiyar Ƙwararru== ===Lille=== Ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar kwararru tare da Lille kuma ya fara taka leƙo a babbar ƙungiyar a Mayu 2022, yana mai shekaru 16 da watanni shida, wanda hakan ya sa shi ɗaya daga cikin matasan 'yan wasa da suka fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar. A kakar 2023–24, ya zama ginshiƙi a tsakar tsaro na Lille kuma ya samu shiga cikin ƙungiyar wasanni mafi kyau na Ligue 1. ===Manchester United=== A Yuli 2024, Yoro ya koma Manchester United a wani yarjejeniya mai rahusa kusan €62 miliyan, yana daga cikin tsoffin wuraren tsaro masu tsada a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafa na matasa da ƙananan shekaru. ==Ƙasashen Wakilci== Yoro ya wakilci [[France national under‑17 football team|Faransa U17]], U18, U19 da U21 a matakan ƙasa. ==Salon Wasa== Yoro na wasa ne a matsayin tsaka tsaki mai ƙarfi, tare da kwarewa wajen tsara wasa daga baya, karfin tsayawa a tsaro da iya cin nasara a duels. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leny_Yoro</ref> ==Lambobin yabo== * UNFP [[Ligue 1]] Team of the Year: 2023–24 <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leny_Yoro</ref> ==Rayuwa ta Sirri== Ya kammala karatu a fannin kimiyyar gudanarwa yayin yana cikin matakin matasa a Lille. Yoro yana daga cikin matasan 'yan wasa da ake ganin suna da babban makoma a ƙwallon ƙafa na duniya. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 1mo913hsud3t4dmxp4zigrm8bf9owyr 820825 820823 2026-04-13T14:45:39Z BnHamid 12586 820825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:RC Lens - Lille OSC (08-10-2023) 28.jpg|thumb|Leny Yoro]] '''Leny Jean‑Luc Yoro''' (an haife shi 13 Nuwamba 2005) shi ne ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa na Faransa wanda ke takawa a matsayin mai tsaron ƙungiyar a [[Premier League]] tare da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]. ==Farkon Rayuwa== Yoro an haife shi a '''Saint‑Maurice, Faransa'''. Ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami a ƙungiyar Alfortville kafin iyalinsa su koma yankin Lille, inda ya ci gaba da horo a Villeneuve‑d'Ascq sannan daga ƙarshe ya shiga ƙaramin tawagar Lille a 2017. ==Ƙungiyoyin Matasa== Yoro ya yi horo a: * Alfortville (2011–2012) * Villeneuve‑d'Ascq (2012–2017) * Lille (2017–2022) ==Ƙungiyar Ƙwararru== ===Lille=== Ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar kwararru tare da Lille kuma ya fara taka leƙo a babbar ƙungiyar a Mayu 2022, yana mai shekaru 16 da watanni shida, wanda hakan ya sa shi ɗaya daga cikin matasan 'yan wasa da suka fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar. A kakar 2023–24, ya zama ginshiƙi a tsakar tsaro na Lille kuma ya samu shiga cikin ƙungiyar wasanni mafi kyau na Ligue 1. ===Manchester United=== A Yuli 2024, Yoro ya koma Manchester United a wani yarjejeniya mai rahusa kusan €62 miliyan, yana daga cikin tsoffin wuraren tsaro masu tsada a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafa na matasa da ƙananan shekaru. ==Ƙasashen Wakilci== Yoro ya wakilci [[France national under‑17 football team|Faransa U17]], U18, U19 da U21 a matakan ƙasa. ==Salon Wasa== Yoro na wasa ne a matsayin tsaka tsaki mai ƙarfi, tare da kwarewa wajen tsara wasa daga baya, karfin tsayawa a tsaro da iya cin nasara a duels. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leny_Yoro</ref> ==Lambobin yabo== * UNFP [[Ligue 1]] Team of the Year: 2023–24 <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leny_Yoro</ref> ==Rayuwa ta Sirri== Ya kammala karatu a fannin kimiyyar gudanarwa yayin yana cikin matakin matasa a Lille. Yoro yana daga cikin matasan 'yan wasa da ake ganin suna da babban makoma a ƙwallon ƙafa na duniya. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 2005]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] d1c15ioqj1xvez7irhbivb9s1r63fdk 0 147735 820827 819252 2026-04-13T14:47:02Z BnHamid 12586 820827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Arise Point''' (a shari'a '''Arise Point Private Limited''')<ref>https://www.falconebiz.com/company/ARISE-POINT-PRIVATE-LIMITED-U73100PN2026PTC252645</ref> kamfani ne na hulɗar jama'a na Indiya (PR) da kuma gudanar da suna kan layi (ORM) wanda ɗan kasuwa Aman Anand Singh ya kafa a shekarar 2020. Kamfanin yana da hedkwata a [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Indiya]].<ref>https://zixinindia.com/company_portfolios/company/arise-point-private-limited-cin-U73100PN2026PTC252645</ref><ref>https://indiacsr.in/arise-point-five-years-global-reputation-strategy-aman-anand-singh/</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Arise Point a cikin 2020 a matsayin kamfanin sadarwa na dijital. Kamfanin yana mai da hankali kan alaƙar jama'a da sabis na kula da suna kan layi.<ref>https://yourstory.com/companies/arise-point</ref><ref>https://www.karostartup.com/general/arise-point-celebrates-five-years-under-aman-anand-singh-leading-global-growth-in-media-and-reputation-strategy</ref> == Ayyuka == Arise Point tana aiki a bangaren PR da ORM, tana aiki tare da mutane da kungiyoyi a fadin masana'antu daban-daban. Ayyukanta suna mayar da hankali kan sarrafa kasancewar dijital, bayyanar kafofin watsa labarai, da fahimtar jama'a.<ref>https://www.sangritoday.com/spotlight/arise-point-wins-bharat-business-award-2024-ashneer-grover-lauds-young-entrepreneur-aman-anand-singh</ref> == <ref>https://firstindia.co.in/news/press-releases/arise-point-wins-bharat-business-award-2024-ashneer-grover-lauds-young-entrepreneur-aman-anand-singh</ref>Kasuwanci == Arise Point yana da alaƙa da shirye-shirye da yawa, gami da: Arise Times - kafofin watsa labarai na dijital da dandalin bugawa<ref>https://arisetimes.in/business/who-is-aman-anand-singh-rising-entrepreneur-and-visionary-leader/</ref> Arisepedia - wani dandalin ilimi da bugawa na kan layi Arise Interact - dandalin sadarwa da shiga tsakani Arise Sync - mafita ta dijital da dandalin haɗin kai == Wanda ya kafa == '''Aman Anand Singh'''<ref>https://hindi.news18.com/news/education/jee-success-story-aman-anand-singh-amazing-feat-of-20-year-old-boy-got-idea-while-preparing-for-jee-exam-set-up-company-worth-crores-8419359.html</ref> <ref>https://ndtv.in/career/iit-jee-preparation-success-story-aman-anand-arise-point-21-age-has-own-company-get-business-award-know-his-career-journey-7846708</ref>ɗan kasuwa ne na Indiya kuma wanda ya kafa Arise Point .<ref>https://english.punjabbytes.com/arise-point-enters-a-new-phase-under-aman-anand-singh-as-reputation-strategy-takes-centre-stage-in-digital-governance</ref> Ya gabatar da jawabai a abubuwan TEDx. An nuna shi a cikin "[[Forbes Times (jarida)|Forbes]] India 30 Under 30" (Janairu 2026 edition). An kuma haɗa shi da Kyautar Kasuwancin Bharat . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} fd846ttuz7evk6clqwjea6dbn91xivx 0 148041 820820 820772 2026-04-13T14:42:29Z Kamal JB 24987 820820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Julie D. Belaga''' (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga Yuli, 1930 - 19 ga Nuwamba, 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Julie Belaga, first woman nominated for governor by CT GOP, dies at 91 |url=https://www.thehour.com/news/article/Julie-Belaga-first-woman-nominated-for-governor-16639902.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122010443/https://www.thehour.com/news/article/Julie-Belaga-first-woman-nominated-for-governor-16639902.php |archive-date=2021-11-22 |access-date=2021-11-22}}</ref> ) 'Yar siyasa 'yar Republican ce ta Amurka a [[Connecticut]] . == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Belaga kuma ta girma a [[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]] a watan Yulin 1930. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Speeches |url=http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/050687b.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509212217/http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/050687b.htm |archive-date=2015-05-09 |access-date=2012-07-17 |website=www.reagan.utexas.edu}}</ref> Ita 'yar baƙin haure ne na Yahudawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schwing |first=John |date=2021-12-19 |title=Julie Belaga Remembered as ‘Force of Nature’ in Politics, Environmental Causes |url=https://westportjournal.com/politics/julie-belaga-remembered-as-force-of-nature-in-politics-environmental-causes/ |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=Westport Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta ƙaura zuwa Connecticut tare da iyalinta a 1965. Belaga ta sami digirin ilimi daga Jami'ar Syracuse . == Aikin siyasa == Belaga ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Hukumar Tsara da Yankuna ta Westport daga 1972 zuwa 1976. An zaɓe ta a Majalisar Wakilai ta Connecticut a shekarar 1976 kuma ta yi aiki a can daga 1977 har zuwa 1987. Ta sami manyan nasarori a majalisa kan wasu muhimman batutuwa na muhalli. Ta jagoranci tsara da aiwatar da dokokin kula da gabar teku na Connecticut waɗanda ke kare gabar teku da albarkatu masu mahimmanci. Ta yi aiki a rundunar samar da ruwa ta Connecticut. Ta taka rawa sosai wajen haɓaka ayyukan kula da sharar gida masu haɗari na Connecticut kuma ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sake daidaita da kuma sake fasalin Hukumar Maido da Albarkatun Connecticut . A shekarar 1986, Belaga ta zaɓi kada ta sake tsayawa takara don neman takarar gwamna a jam'iyyar [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Republican]] a shekarar 1986. A babban taron jam'iyyar Republican na jihar a watan Yulin 1986, Belaga ba ta sami takarar jam'iyyar ba amma ta sami isassun ƙuri'u don cancantar shiga zaɓen fidda gwani a watan Satumba. A taron, ta sami goyon bayan shugaban jam'iyyar Republican mai sassaucin ra'ayi kuma ɗan takarar gwamna na 1962 John deKoven Alsop na Avon wanda garinsa ne ya fara jefa ƙuri'unsa kuma wanda ya sanar da ƙuri'arsa da cewa "mace ce mafi kyau ga wannan matsayi". <ref>{{Cite web |title=John Alsop, One of the Finest |url=https://www.courant.com/2000/04/13/john-alsop-one-of-the-finest/}}</ref> Daga baya Belaga ta lashe zaɓen jam'iyyar a zaɓen fidda gwani na gwamna mai matakai uku a watan Satumban 1986, inda ta doke sanatocin jihar [[Richard Bozzuto]] da Gerald Labriola, amma ta sha kaye a zaɓen Nuwamba ga gwamnan Democrat William A. O'Neill . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Campaigns - CT Governor Race - Nov 04, 1986 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=145567}}</ref> A shekarar 1989, George HW Bush ya naɗa Belaga a matsayin Daraktan Yankin 1 (New England) na [[Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka]] (EPA). Daga baya [[Bill Clinton]] ya naɗa ta a Bankin Fitar da Kaya na Amurka . == Duba kuma == * Jerin nade-naden siyasa na Amurka da suka ketare iyakokin jam'iyya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1930]] o7gwvzbuvwkxrvufjaqwyo2lbr0k2ql 820821 820820 2026-04-13T14:43:01Z Kamal JB 24987 K 820821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Julie D. Belaga''' (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga watan Yuli, 1930 - 19 ga Nuwamba, 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Julie Belaga, first woman nominated for governor by CT GOP, dies at 91 |url=https://www.thehour.com/news/article/Julie-Belaga-first-woman-nominated-for-governor-16639902.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122010443/https://www.thehour.com/news/article/Julie-Belaga-first-woman-nominated-for-governor-16639902.php |archive-date=2021-11-22 |access-date=2021-11-22}}</ref> ) 'Yar siyasa 'yar Republican ce ta Amurka a [[Connecticut]] . == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Belaga kuma ta girma a [[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]] a watan Yulin 1930. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Speeches |url=http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/050687b.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509212217/http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/050687b.htm |archive-date=2015-05-09 |access-date=2012-07-17 |website=www.reagan.utexas.edu}}</ref> Ita 'yar baƙin haure ne na Yahudawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schwing |first=John |date=2021-12-19 |title=Julie Belaga Remembered as ‘Force of Nature’ in Politics, Environmental Causes |url=https://westportjournal.com/politics/julie-belaga-remembered-as-force-of-nature-in-politics-environmental-causes/ |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=Westport Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta ƙaura zuwa Connecticut tare da iyalinta a 1965. Belaga ta sami digirin ilimi daga Jami'ar Syracuse . == Aikin siyasa == Belaga ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Hukumar Tsara da Yankuna ta Westport daga 1972 zuwa 1976. An zaɓe ta a Majalisar Wakilai ta Connecticut a shekarar 1976 kuma ta yi aiki a can daga 1977 har zuwa 1987. Ta sami manyan nasarori a majalisa kan wasu muhimman batutuwa na muhalli. Ta jagoranci tsara da aiwatar da dokokin kula da gabar teku na Connecticut waɗanda ke kare gabar teku da albarkatu masu mahimmanci. Ta yi aiki a rundunar samar da ruwa ta Connecticut. Ta taka rawa sosai wajen haɓaka ayyukan kula da sharar gida masu haɗari na Connecticut kuma ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sake daidaita da kuma sake fasalin Hukumar Maido da Albarkatun Connecticut . A shekarar 1986, Belaga ta zaɓi kada ta sake tsayawa takara don neman takarar gwamna a jam'iyyar [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Republican]] a shekarar 1986. A babban taron jam'iyyar Republican na jihar a watan Yulin 1986, Belaga ba ta sami takarar jam'iyyar ba amma ta sami isassun ƙuri'u don cancantar shiga zaɓen fidda gwani a watan Satumba. A taron, ta sami goyon bayan shugaban jam'iyyar Republican mai sassaucin ra'ayi kuma ɗan takarar gwamna na 1962 John deKoven Alsop na Avon wanda garinsa ne ya fara jefa ƙuri'unsa kuma wanda ya sanar da ƙuri'arsa da cewa "mace ce mafi kyau ga wannan matsayi". <ref>{{Cite web |title=John Alsop, One of the Finest |url=https://www.courant.com/2000/04/13/john-alsop-one-of-the-finest/}}</ref> Daga baya Belaga ta lashe zaɓen jam'iyyar a zaɓen fidda gwani na gwamna mai matakai uku a watan Satumban 1986, inda ta doke sanatocin jihar [[Richard Bozzuto]] da Gerald Labriola, amma ta sha kaye a zaɓen Nuwamba ga gwamnan Democrat William A. O'Neill . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Campaigns - CT Governor Race - Nov 04, 1986 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=145567}}</ref> A shekarar 1989, George HW Bush ya naɗa Belaga a matsayin Daraktan Yankin 1 (New England) na [[Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka]] (EPA). Daga baya [[Bill Clinton]] ya naɗa ta a Bankin Fitar da Kaya na Amurka . == Duba kuma == * Jerin nade-naden siyasa na Amurka da suka ketare iyakokin jam'iyya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1930]] h9pdtxbd4rdemnqw5kuob13h22ncslc 820822 820821 2026-04-13T14:43:36Z Kamal JB 24987 820822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Julie D. Belaga''' (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga watan Yuli, shekarar 1930 - 19 ga Nuwamba, 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Julie Belaga, first woman nominated for governor by CT GOP, dies at 91 |url=https://www.thehour.com/news/article/Julie-Belaga-first-woman-nominated-for-governor-16639902.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122010443/https://www.thehour.com/news/article/Julie-Belaga-first-woman-nominated-for-governor-16639902.php |archive-date=2021-11-22 |access-date=2021-11-22}}</ref> ) 'Yar siyasa 'yar Republican ce ta Amurka a [[Connecticut]] . == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Belaga kuma ta girma a [[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]] a watan Yulin 1930. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Speeches |url=http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/050687b.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509212217/http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/050687b.htm |archive-date=2015-05-09 |access-date=2012-07-17 |website=www.reagan.utexas.edu}}</ref> Ita 'yar baƙin haure ne na Yahudawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schwing |first=John |date=2021-12-19 |title=Julie Belaga Remembered as ‘Force of Nature’ in Politics, Environmental Causes |url=https://westportjournal.com/politics/julie-belaga-remembered-as-force-of-nature-in-politics-environmental-causes/ |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=Westport Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta ƙaura zuwa Connecticut tare da iyalinta a 1965. Belaga ta sami digirin ilimi daga Jami'ar Syracuse . == Aikin siyasa == Belaga ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Hukumar Tsara da Yankuna ta Westport daga 1972 zuwa 1976. An zaɓe ta a Majalisar Wakilai ta Connecticut a shekarar 1976 kuma ta yi aiki a can daga 1977 har zuwa 1987. Ta sami manyan nasarori a majalisa kan wasu muhimman batutuwa na muhalli. Ta jagoranci tsara da aiwatar da dokokin kula da gabar teku na Connecticut waɗanda ke kare gabar teku da albarkatu masu mahimmanci. Ta yi aiki a rundunar samar da ruwa ta Connecticut. Ta taka rawa sosai wajen haɓaka ayyukan kula da sharar gida masu haɗari na Connecticut kuma ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sake daidaita da kuma sake fasalin Hukumar Maido da Albarkatun Connecticut . A shekarar 1986, Belaga ta zaɓi kada ta sake tsayawa takara don neman takarar gwamna a jam'iyyar [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Republican]] a shekarar 1986. A babban taron jam'iyyar Republican na jihar a watan Yulin 1986, Belaga ba ta sami takarar jam'iyyar ba amma ta sami isassun ƙuri'u don cancantar shiga zaɓen fidda gwani a watan Satumba. A taron, ta sami goyon bayan shugaban jam'iyyar Republican mai sassaucin ra'ayi kuma ɗan takarar gwamna na 1962 John deKoven Alsop na Avon wanda garinsa ne ya fara jefa ƙuri'unsa kuma wanda ya sanar da ƙuri'arsa da cewa "mace ce mafi kyau ga wannan matsayi". <ref>{{Cite web |title=John Alsop, One of the Finest |url=https://www.courant.com/2000/04/13/john-alsop-one-of-the-finest/}}</ref> Daga baya Belaga ta lashe zaɓen jam'iyyar a zaɓen fidda gwani na gwamna mai matakai uku a watan Satumban 1986, inda ta doke sanatocin jihar [[Richard Bozzuto]] da Gerald Labriola, amma ta sha kaye a zaɓen Nuwamba ga gwamnan Democrat William A. O'Neill . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Campaigns - CT Governor Race - Nov 04, 1986 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=145567}}</ref> A shekarar 1989, George HW Bush ya naɗa Belaga a matsayin Daraktan Yankin 1 (New England) na [[Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka]] (EPA). Daga baya [[Bill Clinton]] ya naɗa ta a Bankin Fitar da Kaya na Amurka . == Duba kuma == * Jerin nade-naden siyasa na Amurka da suka ketare iyakokin jam'iyya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1930]] payygtj1tv2xqjqiulwrwhhq1g202d7 820841 820822 2026-04-13T15:15:49Z Kamal JB 24987 /* Rayuwar farko */ 820841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Julie D. Belaga''' (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga watan Yuli, shekarar 1930 - 19 ga Nuwamba, 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Julie Belaga, first woman nominated for governor by CT GOP, dies at 91 |url=https://www.thehour.com/news/article/Julie-Belaga-first-woman-nominated-for-governor-16639902.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122010443/https://www.thehour.com/news/article/Julie-Belaga-first-woman-nominated-for-governor-16639902.php |archive-date=2021-11-22 |access-date=2021-11-22}}</ref> ) 'Yar siyasa 'yar Republican ce ta Amurka a [[Connecticut]] . == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Belaga kuma ta girma a [[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]] a watan Yulin shekarar 1930. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Speeches |url=http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/050687b.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509212217/http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/050687b.htm |archive-date=2015-05-09 |access-date=2012-07-17 |website=www.reagan.utexas.edu}}</ref> Ita 'yar baƙin haure ne na Yahudawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schwing |first=John |date=2021-12-19 |title=Julie Belaga Remembered as ‘Force of Nature’ in Politics, Environmental Causes |url=https://westportjournal.com/politics/julie-belaga-remembered-as-force-of-nature-in-politics-environmental-causes/ |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=Westport Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta ƙaura zuwa Connecticut tare da iyalinta a 1965. Belaga ta sami digirin ilimi daga Jami'ar Syracuse . == Aikin siyasa == Belaga ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Hukumar Tsara da Yankuna ta Westport daga 1972 zuwa 1976. An zaɓe ta a Majalisar Wakilai ta Connecticut a shekarar 1976 kuma ta yi aiki a can daga 1977 har zuwa 1987. Ta sami manyan nasarori a majalisa kan wasu muhimman batutuwa na muhalli. Ta jagoranci tsara da aiwatar da dokokin kula da gabar teku na Connecticut waɗanda ke kare gabar teku da albarkatu masu mahimmanci. Ta yi aiki a rundunar samar da ruwa ta Connecticut. Ta taka rawa sosai wajen haɓaka ayyukan kula da sharar gida masu haɗari na Connecticut kuma ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sake daidaita da kuma sake fasalin Hukumar Maido da Albarkatun Connecticut . A shekarar 1986, Belaga ta zaɓi kada ta sake tsayawa takara don neman takarar gwamna a jam'iyyar [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Republican]] a shekarar 1986. A babban taron jam'iyyar Republican na jihar a watan Yulin 1986, Belaga ba ta sami takarar jam'iyyar ba amma ta sami isassun ƙuri'u don cancantar shiga zaɓen fidda gwani a watan Satumba. A taron, ta sami goyon bayan shugaban jam'iyyar Republican mai sassaucin ra'ayi kuma ɗan takarar gwamna na 1962 John deKoven Alsop na Avon wanda garinsa ne ya fara jefa ƙuri'unsa kuma wanda ya sanar da ƙuri'arsa da cewa "mace ce mafi kyau ga wannan matsayi". <ref>{{Cite web |title=John Alsop, One of the Finest |url=https://www.courant.com/2000/04/13/john-alsop-one-of-the-finest/}}</ref> Daga baya Belaga ta lashe zaɓen jam'iyyar a zaɓen fidda gwani na gwamna mai matakai uku a watan Satumban 1986, inda ta doke sanatocin jihar [[Richard Bozzuto]] da Gerald Labriola, amma ta sha kaye a zaɓen Nuwamba ga gwamnan Democrat William A. O'Neill . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Campaigns - CT Governor Race - Nov 04, 1986 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=145567}}</ref> A shekarar 1989, George HW Bush ya naɗa Belaga a matsayin Daraktan Yankin 1 (New England) na [[Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka]] (EPA). Daga baya [[Bill Clinton]] ya naɗa ta a Bankin Fitar da Kaya na Amurka . == Duba kuma == * Jerin nade-naden siyasa na Amurka da suka ketare iyakokin jam'iyya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1930]] jf3svdw37nr28s68caccpt95sz13tkc 0 148042 820773 2026-04-13T12:01:58Z Muktee1494 26992 Girgerar sabuwar mugala 820773 wikitext text/x-wiki '''History''' Makarantar Nursery, Primary and Secondary base Education a Dutse jihar Jigawa Nigeria. makarantar tana da Reshe biyu daya (1) Dutse daya kuma a Birnin kudu. Harabar da ke karamar hukumar Birnin Kudu ta jihar Jigawa ita ce ta farko da aka bude fiye da harabar Dutse, kuma a yanzu harabar Dutse ta dauki babbar makaranta, saboda tana da Sashen dalibai fiye da na Birnin Kudu.<ref>fDirector Sabil Academy</ref> <ref>Principal Sabil Academy </ref> the school in Dutse local government was located in Dutse Town (Address: Mopol base, Duste, Jigawa State) '''Ayyukan Ilimi''' '''Gudanarwa''' '''Hutuna''' fqwbwfx9sm2hzziica69be1asv0m24p 820774 820773 2026-04-13T12:29:58Z Muktee1494 26992 Added Gallery 820774 wikitext text/x-wiki '''History''' Makarantar Nursery, Primary and Secondary base Education a Dutse jihar Jigawa Nigeria. makarantar tana da Reshe biyu daya (1) Dutse daya kuma a Birnin kudu. Harabar da ke karamar hukumar Birnin Kudu ta jihar Jigawa ita ce ta farko da aka bude fiye da harabar Dutse, kuma a yanzu harabar Dutse ta dauki babbar makaranta, saboda tana da Sashen dalibai fiye da na Birnin Kudu.<ref>fDirector Sabil Academy</ref> <ref>Principal Sabil Academy </ref> the school in Dutse local government was located in Dutse Town (Address: Mopol base, Duste, Jigawa State) '''Ayyukan Ilimi''' '''Gudanarwa''' '''Hutuna'''<gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 03.jpg|Sabil Academy: Nursery, Primary and Junior Sections <gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 02.jpg|<gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 01.jpg </gallery>> </gallery><gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 05.jpg|Sabil Academy: Senior Sections </gallery><gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 04.jpg </gallery>> </gallery> q3vjq4hah81p8qhe0a86iwd6nrkrx1y 820775 820774 2026-04-13T12:32:23Z Muktee1494 26992 Saka hutu 820775 wikitext text/x-wiki '''History''' Makarantar Nursery, Primary and Secondary base Education a Dutse jihar Jigawa Nigeria. makarantar tana da Reshe biyu daya (1) Dutse daya kuma a Birnin kudu. Harabar da ke karamar hukumar Birnin Kudu ta jihar Jigawa ita ce ta farko da aka bude fiye da harabar Dutse, kuma a yanzu harabar Dutse ta dauki babbar makaranta, saboda tana da Sashen dalibai fiye da na Birnin Kudu.<ref>fDirector Sabil Academy</ref> <ref>Principal Sabil Academy </ref> the school in Dutse local government was located in Dutse Town (Address: Mopol base, Duste, Jigawa State) '''Ayyukan Ilimi''' '''Gudanarwa''' '''Hutuna'''<gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 03.jpg|Sabil Academy: Nursery, Primary and Junior Sections <gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 02.jpg|<gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 01.jpg </gallery><gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 02.jpg </gallery><gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 01.jpg </gallery>><gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 05.jpg|Sabil Academy: Senior Sections </gallery><gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 04.jpg </gallery>> </gallery> nzfki9l3jmhq15y81hr9d0ir7i32a49 820776 820775 2026-04-13T12:33:20Z Muktee1494 26992 820776 wikitext text/x-wiki '''History''' Makarantar Nursery, Primary and Secondary base Education a Dutse jihar Jigawa Nigeria. makarantar tana da Reshe biyu daya (1) Dutse daya kuma a Birnin kudu. Harabar da ke karamar hukumar Birnin Kudu ta jihar Jigawa ita ce ta farko da aka bude fiye da harabar Dutse, kuma a yanzu harabar Dutse ta dauki babbar makaranta, saboda tana da Sashen dalibai fiye da na Birnin Kudu.<ref>fDirector Sabil Academy</ref> <ref>Principal Sabil Academy </ref> the school in Dutse local government was located in Dutse Town (Address: Mopol base, Duste, Jigawa State) '''Ayyukan Ilimi''' '''Gudanarwa''' '''Hutuna'''<gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 03.jpg|Sabil Academy: Nursery, Primary and Junior Sections <gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 02.jpg|<gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 01.jpg </gallery><gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 02.jpg </gallery><gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 01.jpg </gallery><gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 05.jpg|Sabil Academy: Senior Sections </gallery><gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 04.jpg </gallery>> </gallery> 5nwazbu4mivn2pfj8h1ar0bv7um3uq4 820843 820776 2026-04-13T16:25:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 Pharouqenr moved page [[Makarantar Sabil]] to [[Draft:Makarantar Sabil]] 820776 wikitext text/x-wiki '''History''' Makarantar Nursery, Primary and Secondary base Education a Dutse jihar Jigawa Nigeria. makarantar tana da Reshe biyu daya (1) Dutse daya kuma a Birnin kudu. Harabar da ke karamar hukumar Birnin Kudu ta jihar Jigawa ita ce ta farko da aka bude fiye da harabar Dutse, kuma a yanzu harabar Dutse ta dauki babbar makaranta, saboda tana da Sashen dalibai fiye da na Birnin Kudu.<ref>fDirector Sabil Academy</ref> <ref>Principal Sabil Academy </ref> the school in Dutse local government was located in Dutse Town (Address: Mopol base, Duste, Jigawa State) '''Ayyukan Ilimi''' '''Gudanarwa''' '''Hutuna'''<gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 03.jpg|Sabil Academy: Nursery, Primary and Junior Sections <gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 02.jpg|<gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 01.jpg </gallery><gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 02.jpg </gallery><gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 01.jpg </gallery><gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 05.jpg|Sabil Academy: Senior Sections </gallery><gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 04.jpg </gallery>> </gallery> 5nwazbu4mivn2pfj8h1ar0bv7um3uq4 821078 820843 2026-04-14T09:05:49Z Muktee1494 26992 added category 821078 wikitext text/x-wiki '''History''' Makarantar Nursery, Primary and Secondary base Education a Dutse jihar Jigawa Nigeria. makarantar tana da Reshe biyu daya (1) Dutse daya kuma a Birnin kudu. Harabar da ke karamar hukumar Birnin Kudu ta jihar Jigawa ita ce ta farko da aka bude fiye da harabar Dutse, kuma a yanzu harabar Dutse ta dauki babbar makaranta, saboda tana da Sashen dalibai fiye da na Birnin Kudu.<ref>fDirector Sabil Academy</ref> <ref>Principal Sabil Academy </ref> the school in Dutse local government was located in Dutse Town (Address: Mopol base, Duste, Jigawa State) '''Ayyukan Ilimi''' '''Gudanarwa''' '''Hutuna'''<gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 03.jpg|Sabil Academy: Nursery, Primary and Junior Sections <gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 02.jpg|<gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 01.jpg </gallery><gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 02.jpg </gallery><gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 01.jpg </gallery><gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 05.jpg|Sabil Academy: Senior Sections </gallery><gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 04.jpg </gallery>> </gallery> <references /> [[Rukuni:Sabil Academy]] 6mgatlttngacwuz6fobgbwqqlv85adu 821079 821078 2026-04-14T09:06:32Z Muktee1494 26992 821079 wikitext text/x-wiki '''History''' Makarantar Nursery, Primary and Secondary base Education a Dutse jihar Jigawa Nigeria. makarantar tana da Reshe biyu daya (1) Dutse daya kuma a Birnin kudu. Harabar da ke karamar hukumar Birnin Kudu ta jihar Jigawa ita ce ta farko da aka bude fiye da harabar Dutse, kuma a yanzu harabar Dutse ta dauki babbar makaranta, saboda tana da Sashen dalibai fiye da na Birnin Kudu.<ref>fDirector Sabil Academy</ref> <ref>Principal Sabil Academy </ref> the school in Dutse local government was located in Dutse Town (Address: Mopol base, Duste, Jigawa State) '''Ayyukan Ilimi''' '''Gudanarwa''' '''Hutuna'''<gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 03.jpg|Sabil Academy: Nursery, Primary and Junior Sections <gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 02.jpg|<gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 01.jpg </gallery><gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 02.jpg </gallery><gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 01.jpg </gallery><gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 05.jpg|Sabil Academy: Senior Sections </gallery><gallery> Fayil:Sabil Academy 04.jpg </gallery>> </gallery> <references /> j0gk87sdo0uqtx9df1g2hyv0y8lar25 3 148043 820777 2026-04-13T12:57:38Z Gwanki 3834 Sabon shafi: {{welcome}} 820777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{welcome}} sq944674vtl3w3h10wq1w84jwlv2n3q 820778 820777 2026-04-13T12:57:55Z Gwanki 3834 820778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{welcome}}[[User:Gwanki|<b style="color:#FF00FF">Gwanki</b>]][[User talk:Gwanki|<sup style="color:#800000">(Yi Min Magana)</sup>]] 12:57, 13 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 8qt8huhfv9u1wfwq5yqmy2bgpzqvvf8 1 148044 820828 2026-04-13T14:54:53Z Sshaeff1 43947 /* English Translation? */ sabon sashe 820828 wikitext text/x-wiki == English Translation? == Is there a way that a version of this page can be translated into English? I would like to read it. Thanks! :) [[User:Sshaeff1|Sshaeff1]] ([[User talk:Sshaeff1|talk]]) 14:54, 13 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) n6w071wyi6328cp468n68905oach8gq 0 148045 820844 2026-04-13T16:25:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 Pharouqenr moved page [[Makarantar Sabil]] to [[Draft:Makarantar Sabil]] 820844 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Draft:Makarantar Sabil]] gaz4prv7ldsng4fieteeiezerhma7es 2 148047 820897 2026-04-13T18:14:38Z Zaharaddeen isah 43954 Babu 820897 wikitext text/x-wiki Sunanah zaharaddeen isah popular name as matazu 19tr42bngq9eke5buf4aal8n7k594j1 3 148048 820973 2026-04-13T21:23:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 820973 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, ABDOULRAZAK M! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/ABDOULRAZAK M|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 13 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) gsqsbo8ym6vx6z54f91y2psa4cs0c9s 3 148049 820974 2026-04-13T21:23:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 820974 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Shaatuh! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Shaatuh|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 13 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) ib4qcrq84vwg8wfl0y7wshgedqemx33 3 148050 820975 2026-04-13T21:23:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 820975 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Zaharaddeen isah! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Zaharaddeen isah|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 13 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) b4otdfx6sd68ywy29yi3g2oih18lr7n 3 148051 820976 2026-04-13T21:23:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 820976 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, A-fr-wiki-user! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/A-fr-wiki-user|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 13 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) bajkoed9ii73qyvacan0k9e15al5vly 3 148052 820977 2026-04-13T21:23:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 820977 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Iamsulbasun! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Iamsulbasun|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 13 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 7bwr49l13cwvqv1atl3014cas2pz6ny 3 148053 820978 2026-04-13T21:24:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 820978 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Käristelijä! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Käristelijä|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 13 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 0awihp5af0bffbrr41woxentwph6pwf 3 148054 820979 2026-04-13T21:24:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 820979 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Sshaeff1! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Sshaeff1|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 13 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) hhysgexvslufd1l1ksl8t2g1htto82n 3 148055 820980 2026-04-13T21:24:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 820980 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Bocardodarapti! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Bocardodarapti|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 13 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) jvk0v5lk7qmog3tau8rshzeq8vcxsq3 3 148056 820981 2026-04-13T21:24:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 820981 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Sinjarist! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Sinjarist|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 13 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) jy3dkx2f10gahok32fk70bnj5sejpkw 3 148057 820982 2026-04-13T21:24:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 820982 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Nyata8819! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Nyata8819|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 13 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 1zivq70pr8a9qrwexpk6yw2ahnhemih 3 148058 820983 2026-04-13T21:24:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 820983 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Metroitendo! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Metroitendo|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 13 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) gmggbevktomfqd4ejeh4wm5t1qyeoeu 3 148059 820984 2026-04-13T21:25:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 820984 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Odoaker! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Odoaker|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 13 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) kfdxa1yubp6qyj2hafmrqyxm1pl80xi 3 148060 820985 2026-04-13T21:25:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 820985 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Narrivon! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Narrivon|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 13 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 8kr9f6rne8obfqprqrzp37b6t2pg62t 3 148061 820986 2026-04-13T21:25:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 820986 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Big tycrg! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Big tycrg|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 13 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 91y2sy58enuzuj88wxjfn8f93myjp4b 0 148062 820992 2026-04-13T23:02:11Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1332695680|Nikki Barnes]]" 820992 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nikole "Nikki" Barnes''' (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Satumba, 1993) matukin jirgin ruwa ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka. Ta fafata a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020, wadda aka gudanar a watan Yuli zuwa Agusta 2021 a [[Tokyo]], a gasar mata ta Dinghy - 470. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sailing - BARNES Nikole |url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/sailing/athlete-profile-n1332228-barnes-nikole.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803112012/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/sailing/athlete-profile-n1332228-barnes-nikole.htm |archive-date=August 3, 2021 |access-date=August 3, 2021 |website=Tokyo 2020 Olympics |publisher=[[Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Barnes a Saint Thomas, Tsibirin Virgin na Amurka kuma ta fara tuƙa jirgin ruwa tun tana ɗan shekara shida. [1] Ta kammala karatun digiri a shekarar 2017 a Kwalejin Tsaron Tekun Amurka kuma yanzu memba ce mai aiki, a halin yanzu laftanar ce da ke aiki a Sector Miami. [2] [3] Ita ce memba ta farko a Rundunar Tsaron Tekun da ta taɓa shiga gasar Olympics. == Muhimman abubuwan da suka fi daukar hankali a aiki == * Na uku a Gasar Duniya ta Matasan Jiragen Ruwa ta ISAF ta 2011 a cikin i420 * Kyautar Matukin Jirgin Ruwa na Mata ta Quantum * Kyautar ɗan wasan shekara ta 2017 * An ba wa dukkan 'yan wasan Amurka lambar yabo sau uku <ref name="ussailing.org">{{Cite web |title=Nikki Barnes |url=https://www.ussailing.org/athletes/nikki-barnes/ |access-date=August 5, 2021 |website=ussailing.org |publisher=[[US Sailing]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] awxkgqoaga99vhotoubsrcqeqr49ado 0 148063 820993 2026-04-13T23:05:40Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347651169|M. Casey Rodgers]]" 820993 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Margaret Catharine Rodgers''' (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga Agusta, 1964), <ref>{{Cite web |title=BIOGRAPHIES OF FEDERAL COURT JUDGES SITTING IN FLORIDA |url=http://www.lawdiary.com/docs/subscribers/FL_Judicial_Biographies.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730052812/http://www.lawdiary.com/docs/subscribers/FL_Judicial_Biographies.pdf |archive-date=July 30, 2017 |access-date=May 9, 2018}}</ref> wacce aka fi sani da '''M. Casey Rodgers''', alkali ce a Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Gundumar Arewacin Florida . == Ilimi da aiki == An haife ta a Pensacola, [[Florida]], Rodgers tana cikin rundunar sojojin Amurka daga 1985 zuwa 1987, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rodgers, Margaret Catharine {{!}} Federal Judicial Center |url=https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/rodgers-margaret-catharine |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=www.fjc.gov}}</ref> sannan ta sami digirin farko na fasaha daga Jami'ar West Florida a 1989 da kuma Likitan Shari'a daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Yammacin California, wata makarantar lauya mai zaman kanta, a 1992. Ta kasance [[Ma'aikacin Shari'a|ma'aikaciyar shari'a]] ga Alkali Lacey A. Collier, Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Gundumar Arewa ta Florida daga 1992 zuwa 1994. Ta kasance ma'aikaciyar sirri a Pensacola daga 1999 zuwa 2002, tana aiki a matsayin babban lauya ga [[West Florida Medical Center|Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta West Florida]], a Pensacola daga 1998 zuwa 1999. Ta kasance alkaliyar majistare ta Amurka a Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Gundumar Arewa ta Florida, daga 2002 zuwa 2003. == Hukumar shari'a ta tarayya == A ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2003, Shugaba George W. Bush ya naɗa Rodgers a matsayin kujera a Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Gundumar Arewa ta Florida wadda Lacey A. Collier ta sallama. Majalisar Dattawan Amurka ta tabbatar da Rodgers a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2003, kuma ta karɓi aikinta a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 2003. Ita ce mace ta farko da aka naɗa a tarihin gundumar. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Alkali daga 2011 zuwa 2018. [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] eng38k8tj4iwtst9ezd6tfacnklez4q 0 148064 820994 2026-04-13T23:06:57Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347651169|M. Casey Rodgers]]" 820994 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Margaret Catharine Rodgers''' (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga Agusta, 1964), <ref>{{Cite web |title=BIOGRAPHIES OF FEDERAL COURT JUDGES SITTING IN FLORIDA |url=http://www.lawdiary.com/docs/subscribers/FL_Judicial_Biographies.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730052812/http://www.lawdiary.com/docs/subscribers/FL_Judicial_Biographies.pdf |archive-date=July 30, 2017 |access-date=May 9, 2018}}</ref> wacce aka fi sani da '''M. Casey Rodgers''', alkali ce a Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Gundumar Arewacin Florida . == Ilimi da aiki == An haife ta a Pensacola, Florida, Rodgers tana cikin rundunar sojojin Amurka daga 1985 zuwa 1987, [1] sannan ta sami digirin farko na fasaha daga Jami'ar West Florida a 1989 da kuma Likitan Shari'a daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Yammacin California, wata makarantar lauya mai zaman kanta, a 1992. Ta kasance ma'aikaciyar shari'a ga Alkali Lacey A. Collier, Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Gundumar Arewa ta Florida daga 1992 zuwa 1994. Ta kasance ma'aikaciyar sirri a Pensacola daga 1999 zuwa 2002, tana aiki a matsayin babban lauya ga Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta West Florida, a Pensacola daga 1998 zuwa 1999. Ta kasance alkaliyar majistare ta Amurka a Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Gundumar Arewa ta Florida, daga 2002 zuwa 2003. == Hukumar shari'a ta tarayya == A ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2003, Shugaba [[George W. Bush]] ya naɗa Rodgers a matsayin kujera a Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Gundumar Arewa ta Florida wadda Lacey A. Collier ta sallama. Majalisar Dattawan Amurka ta tabbatar da Rodgers a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2003, kuma ta karɓi aikinta a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 2003. Ita ce mace ta farko da aka naɗa a tarihin gundumar. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Alkali daga 2011 zuwa 2018. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2gt1snlht0ifl37yjp44uw8x9drx780 820995 820994 2026-04-13T23:07:23Z Sardeeq 39275 820995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Margaret Catharine Rodgers''' (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga Agusta, 1964), <ref>{{Cite web |title=BIOGRAPHIES OF FEDERAL COURT JUDGES SITTING IN FLORIDA |url=http://www.lawdiary.com/docs/subscribers/FL_Judicial_Biographies.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730052812/http://www.lawdiary.com/docs/subscribers/FL_Judicial_Biographies.pdf |archive-date=July 30, 2017 |access-date=May 9, 2018}}</ref> wacce aka fi sani da '''M. Casey Rodgers''', alkali ce a Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Gundumar Arewacin Florida . == Ilimi da aiki == An haife ta a Pensacola, Florida, Rodgers tana cikin rundunar sojojin Amurka daga 1985 zuwa 1987, [1] sannan ta sami digirin farko na fasaha daga Jami'ar West Florida a 1989 da kuma Likitan Shari'a daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Yammacin California, wata makarantar lauya mai zaman kanta, a 1992. Ta kasance ma'aikaciyar shari'a ga Alkali Lacey A. Collier, Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Gundumar Arewa ta Florida daga 1992 zuwa 1994. Ta kasance ma'aikaciyar sirri a Pensacola daga 1999 zuwa 2002, tana aiki a matsayin babban lauya ga Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta West Florida, a Pensacola daga 1998 zuwa 1999. Ta kasance alkaliyar majistare ta Amurka a Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Gundumar Arewa ta Florida, daga 2002 zuwa 2003. == Hukumar shari'a ta tarayya == A ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2003, Shugaba [[George W. Bush]] ya naɗa Rodgers a matsayin kujera a Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Gundumar Arewa ta Florida wadda Lacey A. Collier ta sallama. Majalisar Dattawan Amurka ta tabbatar da Rodgers a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2003, kuma ta karɓi aikinta a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 2003. Ita ce mace ta farko da aka naɗa a tarihin gundumar. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Alkali daga 2011 zuwa 2018. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] t76nl7bbkm54z3xcl90fcec0mwhv8hn 0 148065 820996 2026-04-13T23:08:46Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338437251|Della H. Raney]]" 820996 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Della Hayden Raney''' (Janairu 10, 1912 - Oktoba 23, 1987) [[Ungozoma|ma'aikaciyar jinya]] ce 'yar Amurka a Rundunar Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Sojoji . Raney ita ce ma'aikaciyar jinya [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yar Afirka]] ta farko da ta fara zuwa aiki a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] kuma ita ce ta farko da aka naɗa a matsayin babbar ma'aikaciyar jinya. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |date=April 1944 |title=Negro Nurses |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaacYlvOuRsC&q=%22della+h+raney%22&pg=RA5-PA8 |journal=National Negro Health News |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=7 |via=Google Books}}</ref> A shekarar 1944, ta zama ma'aikaciyar jinya baƙar fata ta farko da ke da alaƙa da Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta Sojoji da aka ɗaukaka zuwa kyaftin, kuma daga baya aka ƙara mata matsayi zuwa babbar ma'aikaciya a shekarar 1946. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Della Hayden Raney (Jackson) |url=https://www.awfdn.org/trailblazers/della-hayden-raney-jackson/ |access-date=May 17, 2020 |website=Army Women's Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> Raney ta yi ritaya daga Rundunar Soja a shekarar 1978. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Della H. Raney a ranar 10 ga Janairu, 1912, a Suffolk, Virginia . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Maj. Della H. Raney |url=https://www.army.mil/africanamericans/profiles/raney.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123052538/https://www.friendsoftuskegeeairmennhs.org/airmen-pilot-support-staff.html |archive-date=23 January 2021 |website=African Americans in the U.S. Army}}</ref> Ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Aikin Jinya ta Asibitin Lincoln a 1937. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2022<!--from page source--> |title=Those Who Supported the Airmen -The Tuskegee Airmen Nurses |url=https://www.friendsoftuskegeeairmennhs.org/airmen-support-team |website=Friends of Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site}}</ref> A Lincoln, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da ayyukan tiyata kuma kafin ta shiga aikin soja ta kuma yi aiki a Asibitin Al'umma na Norfolk, Virginia, da kuma Asibitin KB Reynolds da ke Winston-Salem . <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |date=April 1944 |title=Negro Nurses |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaacYlvOuRsC&q=%22della+h+raney%22&pg=RA5-PA8 |journal=National Negro Health News |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=7 |via=Google Books}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaacYlvOuRsC&q=%22della+h+raney%22&pg=RA5-PA8 "Negro Nurses"]. ''National Negro Health News''. '''12''' (2): 7. April 1944 &#x2013; via Google Books.</cite></ref> A watan Afrilun 1941, Raney ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya ta farko 'yar asalin Amurka da ta yi aiki a Rundunar Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Soja a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. <ref name=":0" /> Raney, wacce aka naɗa a matsayin Laftanar ta biyu, an fara tura ta zuwa Fort Bragg, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da aikin jinya. <ref name=":1" /> A shekara mai zuwa, an mayar da ita zuwa Asibitin Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta Tuskegee . <ref name=":1" /> Raney ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar ma'aikaciyar jinya a can kuma an ɗaukaka ta zuwa kyaftin a 1944. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |date=April 1944 |title=Negro Nurses |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaacYlvOuRsC&q=%22della+h+raney%22&pg=RA5-PA8 |journal=National Negro Health News |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=7 |via=Google Books}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaacYlvOuRsC&q=%22della+h+raney%22&pg=RA5-PA8 "Negro Nurses"]. ''National Negro Health News''. '''12''' (2): 7. April 1944 &#x2013; via Google Books.</cite></ref> Haka kuma a 1944, an mayar da ita zuwa Fort Huachuca . <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Della Hayden Raney (Jackson) |url=https://www.awfdn.org/trailblazers/della-hayden-raney-jackson/ |access-date=May 17, 2020 |website=Army Women's Foundation |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.awfdn.org/trailblazers/della-hayden-raney-jackson/ "Della Hayden Raney (Jackson)"]. ''Army Women's Foundation''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> A lokacin, ita kaɗai ce mace baƙar fata da ta sami wannan matsayin kuma ta yi aiki a Rundunar Sojojin Sama . <ref name=":0" /> A 1946, tana hutun ƙarshe daga Camp Beale inda ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar ma'aikaciyar jinya. An kuma ɗaukaka Raney zuwa babbar ma'aikaciyar jinya a wannan shekarar. <ref name=":4" /> Ita ce ma'aikaciyar jinya baƙar fata ta farko da aka ɗaukaka zuwa babbar ma'aikaciyar jinya a Rundunar Sojojin Amurka. <ref name=":2" /> A shekarun 1950, an tura ta Asibitin Lafiya na Sojojin Percy Jones . Raney ta yi aiki a Soja har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1978. <ref name=":4" /> Sojojin Tuskegee sun girmama ta saboda hidimarta a shekarar 1978. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Della Hayden Raney (Jackson) |url=https://www.awfdn.org/trailblazers/della-hayden-raney-jackson/ |access-date=May 17, 2020 |website=Army Women's Foundation |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.awfdn.org/trailblazers/della-hayden-raney-jackson/ "Della Hayden Raney (Jackson)"]. ''Army Women's Foundation''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Abokan aikinta sun kira ta "Maw Raney." A ranar 23 ga Oktoba, 1987, Raney ta mutu. [1] Sojojin Sama na Tuskegee da Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Jinya Baƙaƙe ta Ƙasa sun ƙirƙiri wani tallafin karatu da aka sanya wa sunanta a shekarar 2012. [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1987]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1912]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pluajt57zrz9caegj3y1q4m8ufr4ydy 820997 820996 2026-04-13T23:09:08Z Sardeeq 39275 820997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Della Hayden Raney''' (Janairu 10, 1912 - Oktoba 23, 1987) [[Ungozoma|ma'aikaciyar jinya]] ce 'yar Amurka a Rundunar Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Sojoji . Raney ita ce ma'aikaciyar jinya [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yar Afirka]] ta farko da ta fara zuwa aiki a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] kuma ita ce ta farko da aka naɗa a matsayin babbar ma'aikaciyar jinya. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |date=April 1944 |title=Negro Nurses |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaacYlvOuRsC&q=%22della+h+raney%22&pg=RA5-PA8 |journal=National Negro Health News |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=7 |via=Google Books}}</ref> A shekarar 1944, ta zama ma'aikaciyar jinya baƙar fata ta farko da ke da alaƙa da Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta Sojoji da aka ɗaukaka zuwa kyaftin, kuma daga baya aka ƙara mata matsayi zuwa babbar ma'aikaciya a shekarar 1946. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Della Hayden Raney (Jackson) |url=https://www.awfdn.org/trailblazers/della-hayden-raney-jackson/ |access-date=May 17, 2020 |website=Army Women's Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> Raney ta yi ritaya daga Rundunar Soja a shekarar 1978. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Della H. Raney a ranar 10 ga Janairu, 1912, a Suffolk, Virginia . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Maj. Della H. Raney |url=https://www.army.mil/africanamericans/profiles/raney.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123052538/https://www.friendsoftuskegeeairmennhs.org/airmen-pilot-support-staff.html |archive-date=23 January 2021 |website=African Americans in the U.S. Army}}</ref> Ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Aikin Jinya ta Asibitin Lincoln a 1937. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2022<!--from page source--> |title=Those Who Supported the Airmen -The Tuskegee Airmen Nurses |url=https://www.friendsoftuskegeeairmennhs.org/airmen-support-team |website=Friends of Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site}}</ref> A Lincoln, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da ayyukan tiyata kuma kafin ta shiga aikin soja ta kuma yi aiki a Asibitin Al'umma na Norfolk, Virginia, da kuma Asibitin KB Reynolds da ke Winston-Salem . <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |date=April 1944 |title=Negro Nurses |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaacYlvOuRsC&q=%22della+h+raney%22&pg=RA5-PA8 |journal=National Negro Health News |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=7 |via=Google Books}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaacYlvOuRsC&q=%22della+h+raney%22&pg=RA5-PA8 "Negro Nurses"]. ''National Negro Health News''. '''12''' (2): 7. April 1944 &#x2013; via Google Books.</cite></ref> A watan Afrilun 1941, Raney ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya ta farko 'yar asalin Amurka da ta yi aiki a Rundunar Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Soja a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. <ref name=":0" /> Raney, wacce aka naɗa a matsayin Laftanar ta biyu, an fara tura ta zuwa Fort Bragg, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da aikin jinya. <ref name=":1" /> A shekara mai zuwa, an mayar da ita zuwa Asibitin Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta Tuskegee . <ref name=":1" /> Raney ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar ma'aikaciyar jinya a can kuma an ɗaukaka ta zuwa kyaftin a 1944. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |date=April 1944 |title=Negro Nurses |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaacYlvOuRsC&q=%22della+h+raney%22&pg=RA5-PA8 |journal=National Negro Health News |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=7 |via=Google Books}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaacYlvOuRsC&q=%22della+h+raney%22&pg=RA5-PA8 "Negro Nurses"]. ''National Negro Health News''. '''12''' (2): 7. April 1944 &#x2013; via Google Books.</cite></ref> Haka kuma a 1944, an mayar da ita zuwa Fort Huachuca . <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Della Hayden Raney (Jackson) |url=https://www.awfdn.org/trailblazers/della-hayden-raney-jackson/ |access-date=May 17, 2020 |website=Army Women's Foundation |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.awfdn.org/trailblazers/della-hayden-raney-jackson/ "Della Hayden Raney (Jackson)"]. ''Army Women's Foundation''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> A lokacin, ita kaɗai ce mace baƙar fata da ta sami wannan matsayin kuma ta yi aiki a Rundunar Sojojin Sama . <ref name=":0" /> A 1946, tana hutun ƙarshe daga Camp Beale inda ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar ma'aikaciyar jinya. An kuma ɗaukaka Raney zuwa babbar ma'aikaciyar jinya a wannan shekarar. <ref name=":4" /> Ita ce ma'aikaciyar jinya baƙar fata ta farko da aka ɗaukaka zuwa babbar ma'aikaciyar jinya a Rundunar Sojojin Amurka. <ref name=":2" /> A shekarun 1950, an tura ta Asibitin Lafiya na Sojojin Percy Jones . Raney ta yi aiki a Soja har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1978. <ref name=":4" /> Sojojin Tuskegee sun girmama ta saboda hidimarta a shekarar 1978. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Della Hayden Raney (Jackson) |url=https://www.awfdn.org/trailblazers/della-hayden-raney-jackson/ |access-date=May 17, 2020 |website=Army Women's Foundation |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.awfdn.org/trailblazers/della-hayden-raney-jackson/ "Della Hayden Raney (Jackson)"]. ''Army Women's Foundation''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Abokan aikinta sun kira ta "Maw Raney." A ranar 23 ga Oktoba, 1987, Raney ta mutu. [1] Sojojin Sama na Tuskegee da Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Jinya Baƙaƙe ta Ƙasa sun ƙirƙiri wani tallafin karatu da aka sanya wa sunanta a shekarar 2012. [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1987]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1912]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mus1j54s178gigcheubxo2w8q6tjx22 0 148066 820998 2026-04-13T23:10:32Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1293995234|Jenny Bindon]]" 820998 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jenny Lynn Bindon''' (an haife '''ta''' a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 1973) kocin [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙungiyar ']] yan asalin Amurka kuma [[Mai tsaran raga|tsohuwar mai tsaron gida]] wacce ta wakilci New Zealand a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Ta buga wasanni 77 na ƙasashen duniya tsakanin 2004 da 2010. <ref name="candg">{{Cite web |title=Caps 'n' Goals, New Zealand Women's national representatives |url=http://www.ultimatenzsoccer.com/FootballFerns/id38.htm |access-date=11 June 2009 |website=UltimateNZSoccer.com |publisher=The Ultimate New Zealand Soccer Website}}</ref> A halin yanzu ita ce mataimakiyar koci na ƙungiyar 'yan wasan London City Lionesses . <ref>{{Cite web |title=London City Lionesses first team |url=https://www.londoncitylionesses.com/teams |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207154553/https://www.londoncitylionesses.com/teams |archive-date=7 December 2021 |access-date=27 August 2021}}</ref> == Makarantar sakandare == Jenny da tagwayen 'yar uwarta, Sarah, taurari ne na wasanni da yawa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Belleville West. Su biyun sun halarci wasan ƙwallon kwando, wasan ƙwallon raga, ƙwallon softball, wasan tennis, da kuma wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasa. Ba a bayar da ƙwallon ƙafa ta 'yan mata a lokacin ba. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Aikin NCAA == Bindon ta buga ƙwallon kwando (1991–93), wasan tennis (1991–92), da ƙwallon ƙafa (1992) ga Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois Edwardsville Cougars . <ref>{{Cite web |title=SIUE |url=http://www.siuecougars.com/ |website=SIUE}}</ref> Ta bar SIUE don shiga cikin Rundunar Tsaron Tekun Amurka . Bayan Rundunar Tsaron Tekun, Bindon ta koma filin wasa a shekarar 1998 a Jami'ar Lewis da ke Romeoville, Illinois, inda ta buga ƙwallon ƙafa da ƙwallon kwando. <ref>{{Cite web |title=40th Annual Flyer Athletics Fund Golf Outing - Official Athletics Website |url=https://lewisflyers.com/splash.aspx?id=splash230 |website=Lewis University Athletics}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Bindon ta fara buga wasanta na farko a Football Ferns a wasan da ta sha kashi da ci 0-2 a hannun Australia a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu 2004, kuma ta wakilci New Zealand a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2007 a China, <ref name="wwc2007">{{Cite web |title=New Zealand Squad List, 2007 Women's World Cup |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/womensworldcup/china2007/teams/team=1883725/squadlist.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080713192919/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/womensworldcup/china2007/teams/team=1883725/squadlist.html |archive-date=13 July 2008 |access-date=22 September 2008 |website=FIFA.com |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> inda ta sha kashi a hannun Brazil (0-5), Denmark (0-2) da China (0-2). An kuma saka ta a cikin tawagar New Zealand a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2008 inda suka yi kunnen doki da Japan (2-2) kafin su sha kashi a hannun Norway (0-1) da Brazil (0-4). A ranar 7 ga Maris 2011, Bindon ta samu damar buga wasa na 50 a gasar A-international a wasan da Faransa ta sha kashi da ci 5-2 a gasar Cyprus Cup, inda ta zama mai tsaron gida na farko a New Zealand da ya kai ga wannan matsayi. <ref name="fdfdwm">{{Cite web |title=NZ Football - HOME |url=https://www.nzfootball.co.nz/ |website=www.nzfootball.co.nz}}</ref> A gasar Olympics ta London ta 2012, Bindon ta buga dukkan mintuna 360 a wasanni 4 da New Zealand ta buga. Ta zura kwallaye 5, 2 ga Amurka wanda ya mayar da su gida da rashin nasara a wasan kwata-kwata 0-2. Sauran kwallayen da aka zura a matakin rukuni, ga Burtaniya (0-1), Brazil (0-1), da Kamaru (3-1); <ref name="fifa12s">{{Cite web |title=Women's Olympic Football Tournament London 2012: New Zealand – Statistics |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensolympic/teams/team=1883725/statistics.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120823102653/http://www.fifa.com/womensolympic/teams/team=1883725/statistics.html |archive-date=23 August 2012 |website=FIFA.com |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> Kwarewar mai tsaron gida ta taka muhimmiyar rawa ga New Zealand wajen tsallakewa zuwa mataki na biyu, tunda sun ci gaba da samun daidaiton kwallaye fiye da Koriya ta Arewa. <ref name="fifa12g">{{Cite web |title=Women's Olympic Football Tournament London 2012: Groups |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensolympic/standings/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709163530/http://www.fifa.com/womensolympic/standings/index.html |archive-date=9 July 2008 |website=FIFA.com |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> Tana da shekaru 39, ita ce 'yar wasa mafi tsufa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Olympics ta 2012. Bayan wasanta na ƙarshe a gasar Olympics ta 2012, ba ta hana shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2015 a Kanada ba, kamar yadda aka ambata: "An yi mini wannan tambayar sau da yawa saboda shekaruna. Amma babu dalilin da zai sa in tsaya muddin wannan murmushin ya kasance a fuskata kuma jikina yana ci gaba da riƙewa." [1] Bindon ta sanar da yin ritaya daga buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa da ƙasa a watan Fabrairun 2014. <ref name="Retire">{{Cite web |date=4 February 2014 |title=NZ women's keeper Jenny Bindon to retire |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/football/9684821/NZ-womens-keeper-Jenny-Bindon-to-retire |website=Stuff.co.nz}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9l3rcbiy5y5qjyj9trfac4jr0w9jrrt 820999 820998 2026-04-13T23:10:49Z Sardeeq 39275 820999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jenny Lynn Bindon''' (an haife '''ta''' a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 1973) kocin [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙungiyar ']] yan asalin Amurka kuma [[Mai tsaran raga|tsohuwar mai tsaron gida]] wacce ta wakilci New Zealand a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Ta buga wasanni 77 na ƙasashen duniya tsakanin 2004 da 2010. <ref name="candg">{{Cite web |title=Caps 'n' Goals, New Zealand Women's national representatives |url=http://www.ultimatenzsoccer.com/FootballFerns/id38.htm |access-date=11 June 2009 |website=UltimateNZSoccer.com |publisher=The Ultimate New Zealand Soccer Website}}</ref> A halin yanzu ita ce mataimakiyar koci na ƙungiyar 'yan wasan London City Lionesses . <ref>{{Cite web |title=London City Lionesses first team |url=https://www.londoncitylionesses.com/teams |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207154553/https://www.londoncitylionesses.com/teams |archive-date=7 December 2021 |access-date=27 August 2021}}</ref> == Makarantar sakandare == Jenny da tagwayen 'yar uwarta, Sarah, taurari ne na wasanni da yawa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Belleville West. Su biyun sun halarci wasan ƙwallon kwando, wasan ƙwallon raga, ƙwallon softball, wasan tennis, da kuma wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasa. Ba a bayar da ƙwallon ƙafa ta 'yan mata a lokacin ba. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Aikin NCAA == Bindon ta buga ƙwallon kwando (1991–93), wasan tennis (1991–92), da ƙwallon ƙafa (1992) ga Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois Edwardsville Cougars . <ref>{{Cite web |title=SIUE |url=http://www.siuecougars.com/ |website=SIUE}}</ref> Ta bar SIUE don shiga cikin Rundunar Tsaron Tekun Amurka . Bayan Rundunar Tsaron Tekun, Bindon ta koma filin wasa a shekarar 1998 a Jami'ar Lewis da ke Romeoville, Illinois, inda ta buga ƙwallon ƙafa da ƙwallon kwando. <ref>{{Cite web |title=40th Annual Flyer Athletics Fund Golf Outing - Official Athletics Website |url=https://lewisflyers.com/splash.aspx?id=splash230 |website=Lewis University Athletics}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Bindon ta fara buga wasanta na farko a Football Ferns a wasan da ta sha kashi da ci 0-2 a hannun Australia a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu 2004, kuma ta wakilci New Zealand a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2007 a China, <ref name="wwc2007">{{Cite web |title=New Zealand Squad List, 2007 Women's World Cup |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/womensworldcup/china2007/teams/team=1883725/squadlist.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080713192919/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/womensworldcup/china2007/teams/team=1883725/squadlist.html |archive-date=13 July 2008 |access-date=22 September 2008 |website=FIFA.com |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> inda ta sha kashi a hannun Brazil (0-5), Denmark (0-2) da China (0-2). An kuma saka ta a cikin tawagar New Zealand a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2008 inda suka yi kunnen doki da Japan (2-2) kafin su sha kashi a hannun Norway (0-1) da Brazil (0-4). A ranar 7 ga Maris 2011, Bindon ta samu damar buga wasa na 50 a gasar A-international a wasan da Faransa ta sha kashi da ci 5-2 a gasar Cyprus Cup, inda ta zama mai tsaron gida na farko a New Zealand da ya kai ga wannan matsayi. <ref name="fdfdwm">{{Cite web |title=NZ Football - HOME |url=https://www.nzfootball.co.nz/ |website=www.nzfootball.co.nz}}</ref> A gasar Olympics ta London ta 2012, Bindon ta buga dukkan mintuna 360 a wasanni 4 da New Zealand ta buga. Ta zura kwallaye 5, 2 ga Amurka wanda ya mayar da su gida da rashin nasara a wasan kwata-kwata 0-2. Sauran kwallayen da aka zura a matakin rukuni, ga Burtaniya (0-1), Brazil (0-1), da Kamaru (3-1); <ref name="fifa12s">{{Cite web |title=Women's Olympic Football Tournament London 2012: New Zealand – Statistics |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensolympic/teams/team=1883725/statistics.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120823102653/http://www.fifa.com/womensolympic/teams/team=1883725/statistics.html |archive-date=23 August 2012 |website=FIFA.com |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> Kwarewar mai tsaron gida ta taka muhimmiyar rawa ga New Zealand wajen tsallakewa zuwa mataki na biyu, tunda sun ci gaba da samun daidaiton kwallaye fiye da Koriya ta Arewa. <ref name="fifa12g">{{Cite web |title=Women's Olympic Football Tournament London 2012: Groups |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensolympic/standings/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709163530/http://www.fifa.com/womensolympic/standings/index.html |archive-date=9 July 2008 |website=FIFA.com |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> Tana da shekaru 39, ita ce 'yar wasa mafi tsufa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Olympics ta 2012. Bayan wasanta na ƙarshe a gasar Olympics ta 2012, ba ta hana shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2015 a Kanada ba, kamar yadda aka ambata: "An yi mini wannan tambayar sau da yawa saboda shekaruna. Amma babu dalilin da zai sa in tsaya muddin wannan murmushin ya kasance a fuskata kuma jikina yana ci gaba da riƙewa." [1] Bindon ta sanar da yin ritaya daga buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa da ƙasa a watan Fabrairun 2014. <ref name="Retire">{{Cite web |date=4 February 2014 |title=NZ women's keeper Jenny Bindon to retire |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/football/9684821/NZ-womens-keeper-Jenny-Bindon-to-retire |website=Stuff.co.nz}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 50uc5aetcxrgw0lr3kqxld9guhbb516 821000 820999 2026-04-13T23:12:40Z Sardeeq 39275 821000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jenny Lynn Bindon''' (an haife '''ta''' a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 1973) kocin [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙungiyar ']] yan asalin Amurka kuma [[Mai tsaran raga|tsohuwar mai tsaron gida]] wacce ta wakilci New Zealand a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Ta buga wasanni 77 na ƙasashen duniya tsakanin 2004 da 2010. <ref name="candg">{{Cite web |title=Caps 'n' Goals, New Zealand Women's national representatives |url=http://www.ultimatenzsoccer.com/FootballFerns/id38.htm |access-date=11 June 2009 |website=UltimateNZSoccer.com |publisher=The Ultimate New Zealand Soccer Website}}</ref> A halin yanzu ita ce mataimakiyar koci na ƙungiyar 'yan wasan London City Lionesses . <ref>{{Cite web |title=London City Lionesses first team |url=https://www.londoncitylionesses.com/teams |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207154553/https://www.londoncitylionesses.com/teams |archive-date=7 December 2021 |access-date=27 August 2021}}</ref> == Makarantar sakandare == Jenny da tagwayen 'yar uwarta, Sarah, taurari ne na wasanni da yawa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Belleville West. Su biyun sun halarci wasan ƙwallon kwando, wasan ƙwallon raga, ƙwallon softball, wasan tennis, da kuma wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasa. Ba a bayar da ƙwallon ƙafa ta 'yan mata a lokacin ba.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;&#x5D;</sup> == Aikin NCAA == Bindon ta buga ƙwallon kwando (1991–93), wasan tennis (1991–92), da ƙwallon ƙafa (1992) ga Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois Edwardsville Cougars . <ref>{{Cite web |title=SIUE |url=http://www.siuecougars.com/ |website=SIUE}}</ref> Ta bar SIUE don shiga cikin Rundunar Tsaron Tekun Amurka . Bayan Rundunar Tsaron Tekun, Bindon ta koma filin wasa a shekarar 1998 a Jami'ar Lewis da ke Romeoville, Illinois, inda ta buga ƙwallon ƙafa da ƙwallon kwando. <ref>{{Cite web |title=40th Annual Flyer Athletics Fund Golf Outing - Official Athletics Website |url=https://lewisflyers.com/splash.aspx?id=splash230 |website=Lewis University Athletics}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Bindon ta fara buga wasanta na farko a Football Ferns a wasan da ta sha kashi da ci 0-2 a hannun Australia a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu 2004, kuma ta wakilci New Zealand a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2007 a China, <ref name="wwc2007">{{Cite web |title=New Zealand Squad List, 2007 Women's World Cup |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/womensworldcup/china2007/teams/team=1883725/squadlist.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080713192919/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/womensworldcup/china2007/teams/team=1883725/squadlist.html |archive-date=13 July 2008 |access-date=22 September 2008 |website=FIFA.com |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> inda ta sha kashi a hannun Brazil (0-5), Denmark (0-2) da China (0-2). An kuma saka ta a cikin tawagar New Zealand a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2008 inda suka yi kunnen doki da Japan (2-2) kafin su sha kashi a hannun Norway (0-1) da Brazil (0-4). A ranar 7 ga Maris 2011, Bindon ta samu damar buga wasa na 50 a gasar A-international a wasan da Faransa ta sha kashi da ci 5-2 a gasar Cyprus Cup, inda ta zama mai tsaron gida na farko a New Zealand da ya kai ga wannan matsayi. <ref name="fdfdwm">{{Cite web |title=NZ Football - HOME |url=https://www.nzfootball.co.nz/ |website=www.nzfootball.co.nz}}</ref> A gasar Olympics ta London ta 2012, Bindon ta buga dukkan mintuna 360 a wasanni 4 da New Zealand ta buga. Ta zura kwallaye 5, 2 ga Amurka wanda ya mayar da su gida da rashin nasara a wasan kwata-kwata 0-2. Sauran kwallayen da aka zura a matakin rukuni, ga Burtaniya (0-1), Brazil (0-1), da Kamaru (3-1); <ref name="fifa12s">{{Cite web |title=Women's Olympic Football Tournament London 2012: New Zealand – Statistics |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensolympic/teams/team=1883725/statistics.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120823102653/http://www.fifa.com/womensolympic/teams/team=1883725/statistics.html |archive-date=23 August 2012 |website=FIFA.com |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> Kwarewar mai tsaron gida ta taka muhimmiyar rawa ga New Zealand wajen tsallakewa zuwa mataki na biyu, tunda sun ci gaba da samun daidaiton kwallaye fiye da Koriya ta Arewa. <ref name="fifa12g">{{Cite web |title=Women's Olympic Football Tournament London 2012: Groups |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensolympic/standings/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709163530/http://www.fifa.com/womensolympic/standings/index.html |archive-date=9 July 2008 |website=FIFA.com |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> Tana da shekaru 39, ita ce 'yar wasa mafi tsufa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Olympics ta 2012. Bayan wasanta na ƙarshe a gasar Olympics ta 2012, ba ta hana shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2015 a Kanada ba, kamar yadda aka ambata: "An yi mini wannan tambayar sau da yawa saboda shekaruna. Amma babu dalilin da zai sa in tsaya muddin wannan murmushin ya kasance a fuskata kuma jikina yana ci gaba da riƙewa." [1] Bindon ta sanar da yin ritaya daga buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa da ƙasa a watan Fabrairun 2014. <ref name="Retire">{{Cite web |date=4 February 2014 |title=NZ women's keeper Jenny Bindon to retire |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/football/9684821/NZ-womens-keeper-Jenny-Bindon-to-retire |website=Stuff.co.nz}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8bk678sc4kqxlt69hk8kclcie20m8sc 0 148067 821016 2026-04-14T05:01:38Z Saad Nuhu 43323 sabon wallafa akan dan kwallon kafa na England 821016 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:UEFA Youth League FC Salzburg gegen Manchester City FC ( 8. Februar 2017) 58 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Tosin Adarabioyo]] {{Infobox football biography | name = Tosin Adarabioyo | full_name = Abdul-Nasir Oluwatosin Oluwadoyinsolami Adarabioyo | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1997|9|24}} | birth_place = Manchester, Ingila | position = Mai tsaron baya (Centre-back) | currentclub = Chelsea | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = 2003–2015 | youthclubs1 = Manchester City | years1 = 2015–2020 | clubs1 = Manchester City | caps1 = 0 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2018–2019 | clubs2 = → West Bromwich Albion (aro) | caps2 = 29 | goals2 = 1 | years3 = 2019–2020 | clubs3 = → Blackburn Rovers (aro) | caps3 = 34 | goals3 = 3 | years4 = 2020–2024 | clubs4 = Fulham | caps4 = 100+ | goals4 = 5+ | years5 = 2024– | clubs5 = Chelsea | caps5 = | goals5 = }} '''Abdul-Nasir Oluwatosin Oluwadoyinsolami Adarabioyo''' (an haife shi 24 ga Satumba 1997), wanda aka fi sani da '''Tosin Adarabioyo''', ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Ingila da ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya (centre-back).<ref name="premierleague">{{cite web |title=Tosin Adarabioyo Profile |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players |publisher=Premier League}}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Tosin Adarabioyo a birnin Manchester, Ingila, ga iyaye ‘yan asalin Najeriya.<ref name="bbc">{{cite web |title=Tosin Adarabioyo: Background and Career |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya taso ne a Manchester inda ya fara sha’awar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami. == Aikin Ƙwallo == === Manchester City === Adarabioyo ya fara taka leda a makarantar horas da matasa ta kulob din {{ill|Manchester City|en|Manchester City F.C.}} tun yana ɗan shekara shida.<ref name="mancity">{{cite web |title=Academy Graduate Tosin |url=https://www.mancity.com |publisher=Manchester City}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a babbar ƙungiya a gasar kofin League Cup a shekarar 2016. === Aron Wasa === A shekarar 2018, an bayar da shi aro zuwa {{ill|West Bromwich Albion|en|West Bromwich Albion F.C.}} inda ya buga wasanni da dama a gasar Championship.<ref name="wba">{{cite web |title=Tosin joins West Brom on loan |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Daga bisani kuma ya koma {{ill|Blackburn Rovers|en|Blackburn Rovers F.C.}} a matsayin aro a shekarar 2019 inda ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai.<ref name="rovers">{{cite web |title=Blackburn sign Tosin |url=https://www.skysports.com |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> === Fulham === A watan Oktoba 2020, Adarabioyo ya koma {{ill|Fulham F.C.|en|Fulham F.C.}} kan yarjejeniya ta dindindin.<ref name="fulham">{{cite web |title=Fulham sign Tosin Adarabioyo |url=https://www.fulhamfc.com |publisher=Fulham FC}}</ref> Ya zama muhimmin ɗan wasa a tsaron baya, musamman bayan ƙungiyar ta samu dawowa gasar Premier League. === Chelsea === A shekarar 2024, ya rattaba hannu da {{ill|Chelsea F.C.|en|Chelsea F.C.}} bayan karewar kwantiraginsa da Fulham.<ref name="chelsea">{{cite web |title=Chelsea sign Tosin Adarabioyo |url=https://www.chelseafc.com |publisher=Chelsea FC}}</ref> Wannan mataki ya kara masa damar taka leda a manyan wasanni a Ingila da Turai. == Rayuwar Ƙasa == Adarabioyo ya wakilci Ingila a matakan matasa daban-daban ciki har da ‘yan kasa da shekara 16 zuwa 19.<ref name="fa">{{cite web |title=England Youth Profile |url=https://www.thefa.com |publisher=The FA}}</ref> Duk da haka, yana da damar wakiltar Najeriya saboda asalin iyayensa. == Salon Wasa == Tosin Adarabioyo an san shi da tsayi (1.96m), ƙarfin jiki, da iya sarrafa ƙwallo daga baya.<ref name="analysis">{{cite web |title=Tactical Analysis of Tosin |url=https://www.skysports.com/football |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> Yana da kwarewa wajen buga dogayen kwallaye da kuma kare bugun sama. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:1997 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:English footballers]] [[Category:Manchester City F.C. players]] [[Category:Fulham F.C. players]] [[Category:Chelsea F.C. players]] [[Category:Premier League players]] 8cuk282el5abzllktus103bt63fk8q6 0 148068 821017 2026-04-14T05:05:05Z Saad Nuhu 43323 sabon wallafa akan dan kwallon kafa na England 821017 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:2025, Morgan Gibbs-White playing for Nottingham Forest.jpg|thumb|Morgan Gibbs-White]] {{Infobox football biography | name = Morgan Gibbs-White | full_name = Morgan Anthony Gibbs-White | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2000|1|27}} | birth_place = Stafford, Ingila | position = Mai kai hari (Attacking midfielder) | currentclub = Nottingham Forest | clubnumber = 10 | youthyears1 = 2008–2017 | youthclubs1 = Wolverhampton Wanderers | years1 = 2017–2022 | clubs1 = Wolverhampton Wanderers | caps1 = 68 | goals1 = 2 | years2 = 2021–2022 | clubs2 = → Sheffield United (aro) | caps2 = 35 | goals2 = 11 | years3 = 2022– | clubs3 = Nottingham Forest | caps3 = 70+ | goals3 = 10+ | nationalyears1 = 2015–2016 | nationalteam1 = Ingila U16 | nationalcaps1 = 8 | nationalgoals1 = 2 | nationalyears2 = 2016–2017 | nationalteam2 = Ingila U17 | nationalcaps2 = 10 | nationalgoals2 = 2 | nationalyears3 = 2018–2019 | nationalteam3 = Ingila U19 | nationalcaps3 = 6 | nationalgoals3 = 1 | nationalyears4 = 2019–2021 | nationalteam4 = Ingila U21 | nationalcaps4 = 14 | nationalgoals4 = 2 | pcupdate = 2025 }} '''Morgan Anthony Gibbs-White''' (an haife shi ranar 27 ga Janairu, 2000) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai kai hari ko tsakiyar fili mai kai hari a kulob din [[Nottingham Forest F.C.]] a gasar [[Premier League]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nottinghamforest.co.uk/players/morgan-gibbs-white|title=Morgan Gibbs-White Profile|publisher=Nottingham Forest}}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Gibbs-White a garin Stafford, a ƙasar Ingila. Ya fara buga ƙwallo tun yana ƙarami kuma ya shiga makarantar horas da matasa ta [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] yana da shekara takwas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wolves.co.uk/teams/first-team/morgan-gibbs-white/|title=Player Biography|publisher=Wolves}}</ref> == Aikin Kulob == === Wolverhampton Wanderers === Gibbs-White ya fara bugawa babbar ƙungiyar Wolverhampton a shekara ta 2017 bayan ya fito daga matasan kulob din. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa kulob din samun nasarori a gasar cikin gida da kuma shiga gasar Turai.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Gibbs-White makes senior debut|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> === Aro zuwa Sheffield United === A kakar wasa ta 2021–2022, an ba shi aro zuwa [[Sheffield United F.C.]]. A lokacin aronsa ya zura kwallaye da dama kuma ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen kaiwa wasan neman shiga gasar Premier League.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sheffield United sign Gibbs-White on loan|publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> === Nottingham Forest === A watan Agusta 2022, Gibbs-White ya koma [[Nottingham Forest F.C.]] kan ciniki mai tsoka. Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ‘yan wasan kulob din, inda yake taka rawa a matsayin jagora a tsakiyar fili.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nottingham Forest sign Morgan Gibbs-White|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙasa == Gibbs-White ya wakilci Ingila a matakan matasa daban-daban ciki har da U16, U17, U19 da U21. Ya kasance cikin tawagar Ingila ta U17 da ta lashe [[FIFA U-17 World Cup]] a shekarar 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/u17worldcup/india2017|title=FIFA U-17 World Cup 2017|publisher=FIFA}}</ref> == Nasarori == * [[FIFA U-17 World Cup]]: 2017 (tare da Ingila U17) * EFL Championship Play-offs finalist: 2021–2022 (Sheffield United) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2000 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:English footballers]] [[Category:Nottingham Forest F.C. players]] [[Category:Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players]] [[Category:Sheffield United F.C. players]] [[Category:Premier League players]] 3dcji5z3v5vh3q6obqe9t2mvll4ild5 0 148069 821018 2026-04-14T05:07:54Z Saad Nuhu 43323 sabon wallafa akan dan kwallon kafa na England 821018 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Angel Gomes Manchester United U18 2017-11-19 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Angel Gomes]] {{Infobox football biography | name = Angel Gomes | full_name = Adilson Angel Abreu de Almeida Gomes | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2000|8|31}} | birth_place = London, Ingila | position = Dan wasan tsakiya (Midfielder) | currentclub = Lille | clubnumber = 10 | youthyears1 = 2006–2017 | youthclubs1 = Manchester United | years1 = 2017–2020 | clubs1 = Manchester United | caps1 = 5 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2020– | clubs2 = Lille | caps2 = 100+ | goals2 = 10+ | nationalyears1 = 2015 | nationalteam1 = Ingila U16 | nationalcaps1 = 6 | nationalgoals1 = 2 | nationalyears2 = 2016–2017 | nationalteam2 = Ingila U17 | nationalcaps2 = 19 | nationalgoals2 = 5 | nationalyears3 = 2018–2019 | nationalteam3 = Ingila U19 | nationalcaps3 = 7 | nationalgoals3 = 1 }} '''Adilson Angel Abreu de Almeida Gomes''' (an haife shi 31 ga Agusta 2000) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. Ya shahara da ƙwarewa, saurin motsi da iya sarrafa ƙwallo. <ref>Premier League Profile: Angel Gomes</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Angel Gomes a London, Ingila, kuma yana da asalin ƙasar Portugal ta wajen iyayensa. Tun yana ƙarami ya shiga makarantar horas da matasa ta Manchester United inda ya nuna bajinta tun yana ƙasa da shekaru 10. <ref>Manchester United Academy Records</ref> == Aikin Ƙungiya == === Manchester United === Gomes ya fara taka leda a babbar ƙungiyar Manchester United a shekara ta 2017, inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin matasa mafi ƙanƙanta da suka fara bugawa ƙungiyar wasa a gasar Firimiya. Ya buga wasanni kaɗan kafin barin ƙungiyar a 2020 bayan ƙarewar kwantiraginsa. <ref>BBC Sport – Angel Gomes Debut</ref> === Lille === A shekarar 2020 ya koma ƙungiyar Lille ta Faransa. Daga baya an ba shi aro zuwa Boavista a Portugal domin samun ƙarin kwarewa. Bayan dawowarsa Lille, ya zama muhimmin ɗan wasa a tsakiya, musamman a gasar Ligue 1 da kuma gasar zakarun Turai. <ref>Ligue 1 Official Website – Player Profile</ref> == Aikin Ƙasa == Gomes ya wakilci Ingila a matakan matasa daban-daban ciki har da U16, U17 da U19. Ya taimaka wa Ingila ta lashe Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru 17 a 2017. <ref>FIFA U-17 World Cup 2017 Report</ref> == Salon Wasansa == An san Gomes da iya taka leda a matsayin mai shirya wasa (playmaker). Duk da gajeren tsayinsa, yana da saurin motsi, dabara da hangen nesa mai kyau a fili. <ref>UEFA Technical Analysis Report</ref> == Nasarori == * Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta ‘Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 17 (2017) – Ingila * Community Shield (2016) – Manchester United == Manazarta == <references/> 4hcydtt3inau3c12dkspeuiz93obqun 0 148070 821020 2026-04-14T05:15:13Z Saad Nuhu 43323 sabon wallafa akan dan kwallon kafa na England 821020 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Curtis Jones in 2022.jpg|thumb|Curtis Jones]] {{Infobox football biography | name = Curtis Jones | full_name = Curtis Julian Jones | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2001|1|30}} | birth_place = Liverpool, Ingila | position = Tsakiyar fili (Midfielder) | currentclub = Liverpool | clubnumber = 17 | youthyears1 = 2010–2018 | youthclubs1 = Liverpool | years1 = 2018– | clubs1 = Liverpool | caps1 = 100+ | goals1 = 10+ | nationalyears1 = 2018 | nationalteam1 = Ingila U18 | nationalcaps1 = 3 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2019 | nationalteam2 = Ingila U19 | nationalcaps2 = 5 | nationalgoals2 = 1 | nationalyears3 = 2020–2023 | nationalteam3 = Ingila U21 | nationalcaps3 = 15+ | nationalgoals3 = 5+ }} '''Curtis Julian Jones''' (an haife shi 30 ga Janairu 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin tsakiyar fili ga kulob ɗin [[Liverpool F.C.]] da kuma wakiltar ƙasar Ingila a matakin matasa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Curtis Jones Profile |url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/team/first-team/player/curtis-jones |publisher=Liverpool FC |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Curtis Jones a birnin Liverpool na ƙasar Ingila, inda ya taso cikin masoya ƙungiyar Liverpool tun yana ƙarami.<ref>{{cite web |title=Curtis Jones Biography |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/14805/Curtis-Jones/overview |publisher=Premier League |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> Ya shiga makarantar horas da matasa ta Liverpool tun yana ɗan shekara tara, inda ya fara nuna hazaka a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiyar fili mai iya kai hari. == Aikin Kulob == Jones ya fara bugawa babbar ƙungiyar Liverpool wasa a shekarar 2018 bayan ya fito daga ajin matasa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jones signs new Liverpool contract |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football |publisher=BBC Sport |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> Ya shahara sosai bayan ya ci ƙwallo mai kyau a wasan FA Cup da aka buga tsakanin Liverpool da Everton a shekarar 2020, wanda ya sa aka yaba masa sosai a kafafen yaɗa labarai.<ref>{{cite news |title=Liverpool 1-0 Everton: Curtis Jones scores winner |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/ |publisher=BBC Sport |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> A kakar wasanni ta 2019–20, ya taimaka wa Liverpool ta lashe gasar Premier League, kodayake bai kasance cikin manyan ‘yan wasa masu yawan buga wasa ba.<ref>{{cite web |title=Premier League 2019/20 Review |url=https://www.premierleague.com |publisher=Premier League |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> Daga baya ya ci gaba da zama ɗaya daga cikin matasan ‘yan wasan da kulob ɗin ke bai wa dama a tsakiyar fili. == Aikin Ƙasa == Jones ya wakilci Ingila a matakan U18, U19 da U21.<ref>{{cite web |title=Curtis Jones - England Profile |url=https://www.thefa.com |publisher=The FA |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tawagar Ingila U21, inda ya taimaka wajen samun nasarori a wasannin Turai na matasa. == Salon Wasan == Curtis Jones an san shi da ƙwarewa wajen riƙe ƙwallo, iya wuce abokan hamayya da kuma harba ƙwallo daga nesa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Player Analysis: Curtis Jones |url=https://www.skysports.com |publisher=Sky Sports |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> Yana taka rawa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiyar fili mai kai hari (attacking midfielder), amma yana iya taka leda a wasu matsayi na tsakiya gwargwadon buƙatar koci. == Nasarori == * '''Liverpool''' ** Premier League: 2019–20<ref>{{cite web |title=Premier League Winners 2019/20 |url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com |publisher=Liverpool FC |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> ** FA Cup: 2021–22<ref>{{cite web |title=FA Cup Final 2022 |url=https://www.thefa.com |publisher=The FA |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> ** EFL Cup: 2021–22<ref>{{cite web |title=Carabao Cup 2022 Final |url=https://www.efl.com |publisher=EFL |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2001 births]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:'Yan wasan kwallon kafa na Ingila]] [[Category:Mutanen Liverpool]] [[Category:Midfielders]] 4oslfouqvv37p9rx190vorhx4ie2zue 0 148071 821021 2026-04-14T05:19:22Z Saad Nuhu 43323 sabon wallafa akan dan kwallon kafa na England 821021 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Jacob Ramsey 2021.jpg|thumb|Jacob Ramsey]] {{Infobox football biography | name = Jacob Ramsey | full_name = Jacob Matthew Ramsey | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2001|5|28}} | birth_place = Birmingham, Ingila | position = Dan tsakiya (Midfielder) | currentclub = Aston Villa | clubnumber = 41 | youthyears1 = 2007–2019 | youthclubs1 = Aston Villa | years1 = 2019– | clubs1 = Aston Villa | caps1 = 100+ | goals1 = 15+ | nationalyears1 = 2018 | nationalteam1 = Ingila U18 | nationalcaps1 = 3 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2019 | nationalteam2 = Ingila U19 | nationalcaps2 = 6 | nationalgoals2 = 1 | nationalyears3 = 2021–2023 | nationalteam3 = Ingila U21 | nationalcaps3 = 20+ | nationalgoals3 = 2+ }} '''Jacob Matthew Ramsey''' (an haife shi 28 ga Mayu, 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Ingila wanda yake taka leda a matsayin ɗan tsakiya ga kulob din [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] a gasar [[Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jacob Ramsey Profile |url=https://www.avfc.co.uk/players/jacobramsey |publisher=Aston Villa Official Website |access-date=2026-04-14}}</ref> ==Rayuwar Farko== An haifi Jacob Ramsey a birnin Birmingham na ƙasar Ingila. Ya taso ne a makarantar horas da matasa ta kulob din Aston Villa tun yana ƙarami, inda ya fara nuna bajinta tun daga matakin yara.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsey - Academy Graduate |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/ |publisher=Premier League |access-date=2026-04-14}}</ref> ==Aikin Kulob== ===Aston Villa=== Ramsey ya shiga babbar ƙungiyar Aston Villa a shekarar 2019 bayan kammala horo a matakin matasa. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a babbar ƙungiya a gasar cin kofin EFL Cup.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ramsey makes senior debut |publisher=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football |access-date=2026-04-14}}</ref> A kakar 2021/2022, Ramsey ya zama ɗaya daga cikin muhimman 'yan wasan Aston Villa, inda ya zura kwallaye masu muhimmanci a gasar Premier League.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ramsey shines for Villa |publisher=Sky Sports |url=https://www.skysports.com/football |access-date=2026-04-14}}</ref> ==Aikin Ƙasa== Ramsey ya wakilci Ingila a matakan matasa daban-daban ciki har da Ingila U18, U19 da kuma U21. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tawagar Ingila ta U21 a gasar Turai ta matasa.<ref>{{cite web |title=England U21 Squad |publisher=The FA |url=https://www.thefa.com |access-date=2026-04-14}}</ref> ==Salon Wasa== Jacob Ramsey ɗan tsakiya ne mai iya kai hari da kuma kare baya. Yana da ƙwarewa wajen sarrafa ƙwallo, gudu da kuma iya zura ƙwallaye daga waje da cikin akwatin bugun fanareti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Player Analysis: Jacob Ramsey |publisher=Premier League |url=https://www.premierleague.com |access-date=2026-04-14}}</ref> ==Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2001 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:English footballers]] [[Category:Aston Villa F.C. players]] [[Category:Premier League players]] gfax4v0qqb8zx297p34ic5le77fcl89 0 148072 821023 2026-04-14T05:28:12Z Saad Nuhu 43323 sabon wallafa akan dan kwallon kafa na England 821023 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Levi Colwill (cropped).png|thumb|Levi Colwill]] {{Infobox football biography | name = Levi Colwill | full_name = Levi Lemar Samuels Colwill | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2003|2|26}} | birth_place = Southampton, Ingila | position = Mai tsaron baya (Centre-back) | currentclub = Chelsea | clubnumber = 26 | youthyears1 = 2011–2021 | youthclubs1 = Chelsea | years1 = 2021– | clubs1 = Chelsea | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 2021–2022 | clubs2 = → Huddersfield Town (aro) | caps2 = 29 | goals2 = 2 | years3 = 2022–2023 | clubs3 = → Brighton & Hove Albion (aro) | caps3 = 17 | goals3 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 2019 | nationalteam1 = Ingila U16 | nationalcaps1 = 6 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2021 | nationalteam2 = Ingila U19 | nationalcaps2 = 5 | nationalgoals2 = 0 | nationalyears3 = 2022– | nationalteam3 = Ingila U21 | nationalcaps3 = | nationalgoals3 = }} '''Levi Lemar Samuels Colwill''' (an haife shi ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 2003) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya na tsakiya a ƙungiyar [[Chelsea F.C.]] ta gasar Firimiya ta Ingila.<ref>{{cite web |title=Levi Colwill Profile |url=https://www.chelseafc.com |publisher=Chelsea FC}}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Colwill a birnin Southampton na ƙasar Ingila. Ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami kuma ya shiga makarantar horas da matasa ta Chelsea tun yana ɗan shekara takwas.<ref>{{cite web |title=Academy Profile: Levi Colwill |url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/teams/academy}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙungiya == Colwill ya taso ne daga makarantar horas da matasa ta Chelsea, inda ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai a matakin matasa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Levi Colwill - Chelsea Academy |url=https://www.premierleague.com}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, an bayar da shi aro zuwa ƙungiyar [[Huddersfield Town A.F.C.]] domin samun ƙarin kwarewa. Ya buga wasanni da dama kuma ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar kaiwa wasan ƙarshe na matakin ''Championship play-off'' a kakar 2021–2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Huddersfield reach play-off final |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport}}</ref> Daga baya a kakar 2022–2023, an sake bayar da shi aro zuwa [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.]], inda ya fara taka leda a gasar Firimiya ta Ingila.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brighton sign Levi Colwill on loan |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport}}</ref> Bayan dawowarsa Chelsea, ya samu damar taka leda a babban ƙungiyar a gasar Firimiya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Colwill returns to Chelsea squad |url=https://www.skysports.com}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙasa == Colwill ya wakilci ƙasar Ingila a matakan matasa daban-daban ciki har da Ingila U16, U19 da U21.<ref>{{cite web |title=England youth profile |url=https://www.thefa.com}}</ref> Ya kasance cikin tawagar Ingila U21 da ta lashe gasar Turai ta matasa (UEFA European Under-21 Championship).<ref>{{cite web |title=England U21 win European Championship |url=https://www.uefa.com}}</ref> == Salon Wasan Sa == Ana ɗaukar Colwill a matsayin mai tsaron baya mai ƙarfi da iya sarrafa ƙwallo. Yana da tsayi da kuma ƙwarewar fara gina hari daga baya, abin da ke sa ya dace da tsarin wasan zamani.<ref>{{cite web |title=Levi Colwill analysis |url=https://www.goal.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2003 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:English footballers]] [[Category:Chelsea F.C. players]] [[Category:Premier League players]] [[Category:People from Southampton]] no9uoqgq8eu1wznigve9sdekjomxl9n 0 148073 821102 2026-04-14T10:55:57Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336266004|Charon Asetoyer]]" 821102 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charon Virginia Asetoyer''' ( ''wanda'' aka '''haifa''' a ranar 24 ga Maris, 1951) ƙwararriyar mai fafutukar kare lafiyar mata ce a Comanche kuma mai fafutukar kare lafiyar mata. Asetoyer ɗaya ce daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Hukumar Al'umma ta 'Yan Asalin Amurka (NACB) da Cibiyar Albarkatun Ilimi ta Mata ta 'Yan Asalin Amurka (NAWHERC). Shugaba Clinton ya naɗa ta a Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Ƙasa kan Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam (HHS). <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Charon Asetoyer, Native American Community Board |url=http://forwomen.org/charon-asetoyer-native-american-community-board/ |access-date=22 August 2016 |website=Ms. Foundation for Women}}</ref> An ba ta kyautar Mace Mai Hankali ta Gidauniyar Ms. da kuma Kyautar Ayyuka Masu Daraja ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2009 |title=Bread and Roses Winners |url=http://www.dscej.org/index.php/joomla-overview/104-bread-and-roses-winners |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502142748/http://dscej.org/index.php/joomla-overview/104-bread-and-roses-winners |archive-date=May 2, 2016 |access-date=22 August 2016 |website=Deep South Center for Environmental Justice}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Charon Asetoyer a ranar 24 ga Maris, 1951, a San Jose, California ga uwa ɗaya kuma uba ɗan asalin Turai. Ba ta saba da fafutuka da wahala ba, har ma a lokacin ƙuruciyarta a makarantar sakandare. <ref name=":0" /> Tsarin farko na zanga-zangar Asetoyer ya faru ne a cikin gidan cin abinci na makarantar sakandare, inda ta shirya zama a duk faɗin makaranta don nuna rashin amincewa da yanayin abinci da ake ciki da kuma buƙatar shirin cin abincin rana mai zafi. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Charon Asetoyer, Native American Community Board |url=https://forwomen.org/charon-asetoyer-native-american-community-board/ |access-date=2019-10-08 |website=Ms. Foundation for Women |language=en-US}}</ref> Ƙoƙarinta ya yi aiki kuma a ƙarshen makon makarantarta ta aiwatar da sabbin shirye-shiryen cin abincin rana waɗanda suka cika ƙa'idodin da ake so. <ref name=":2" /> Kyawun kwalliya da kwalliyar mata suma sun yi tasiri sosai ga rayuwar Asetoyer ta ƙuruciya ; a matsayinta na matashiyar 'yar kasuwa, ta fara kamfanin suturar kanta daga gidanta, kuma daga baya ta daina karatun sakandare domin faɗaɗa kasuwancinta. Asetoyer ta kira kanta da "mai kirkire-kirkire, mai zaman kanta, kuma 'yar kasuwa" kuma ta lura cewa ta koyi abubuwa da yawa a shagunan kofi da titunan California fiye da yadda za ta koya a zauren makarantar sakandarenta. <ref name=":0" /> Ta ƙaura zuwa San Francisco kuma ta yi nasarar gudanar da shagon suturar kanta har zuwa 1971 lokacin da ta rufe shagon don yin rajista a Kwalejin Birnin San Francisco. <ref name=":0" /> San Francisco ta kawo muhimman abubuwa a rayuwar Asetoyer, ciki har da ƙarin damarmaki na fafutuka da aurenta da Dennis Duncan. Aurenta da Dennis Duncan, wanda aka fara a hukumance a shekarar 1972, ya kai ta ga aikinta na farko wanda ya haɗa aikinta na fafutuka da kula da lafiyar mata; ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar shirin WIC kuma mai ba da shawara a Asibitin Lafiya na Urban Indian da ke yankin kuɗi na SF. <ref name=":0" /> Aikinta yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi amfani da suka fito daga aurenta da Duncan, halin cin zarafinsa ya sa ta kawo ƙarshen dangantakarsu a shekarar 1977 kuma sakamakon haka ya tilasta mata barin California. <ref name=":0" /> Asetoyer ta ƙaura zuwa Sioux Falls, South Dakota a shekarar 1977, kuma ta yi rajista a Jami'ar South Dakota, inda ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin shari'a a shekarar 1981. [1] Shekarar 1981 ta kasance shekara mai muhimmanci ga Charon, tare da kammala karatunta na kwaleji, ta auri Clarence Rockboy, ɗan ƙabilar Yankton Sioux, sannan ta sake ƙaura zuwa Brattleboro, Vermont. [1] Yayin da take a Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka, Asetoyer ta faɗaɗa iliminta da iyalinta sosai. Da farko, ta haifi ɗanta na fari, ɗa mai suna Chaska (Sigar Amurka ita ce Charles). [1] Bayan haihuwar Chaska, ma'auratan sun kuma ɗauki ɗan uwan Clarence da aka yi watsi da shi, Reynold James Brugier. [1] Baya ga kula da dangin nukiliya masu tasowa, Asetoyer ta sami digiri na biyu a shekarar 1983 don Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Al'adu Tsakanin Al'adu daga Makarantar Horar da Ƙasashen Duniya ta Vermont. [1] Lokacin da suka yi a Vermont bai yi nisa ba. Suna bin al'adar Yankton Sioux, iyalin sun koma Sioux Falls, South Dakota a shekarar 1983 bayan mutuwar mahaifin Clarence. <ref name=":0" /> Clarence zai yi zaman gidan yari na shekaru huɗu a wurin ajiyar domin cika alƙawarin tunawa da al'adu da addini bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa. <ref name=":0" /> Komawa zuwa Sioux Falls yana nuna farkon mai fafutukar Charon Asetoyer da aikinsa na siyasa. <ref name=":0" /> == Aikin masu fafutuka mai zurfi == Aikinta a California da aurenta mai cin zarafi ya tilasta wa Charon Asetoyer taimaka wa mata da suka rasa mazajensu, musamman 'yan asalin ƙasar. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Graef |first=Chris |date=16 December 2007 |title=Charon Asetoyer: "I took to heart the health issues of American Indian women" |url=https://www.indiancountrynews.com/index.php/culture/native-profiles/2093-charon-asetoyer-i-took-to-heart-the-health-issues-of-american-indian-women |access-date=2019-10-08 |website=Indian Country News}}</ref> A farkon shekarun 1970, ƙungiyar [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka|American Indian Movement]] (AIM) ta shirya yawo daga Kanada da kuma faɗin Amurka a matsayin hanyar nuna rashin amincewa da tilasta wa mata 'yan asalin ƙasar hana haihuwa, kuma wannan ya ja hankalin Asetoyer, matashiyar mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. <ref name=":3" /> An kiyasta cewa Hukumar Lafiya ta Indiya, wacce ke aiki a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Amurka, ta yi wa kashi 25% na mata 'yan asalin ƙasar haihuwa masu shekaru 15 zuwa 44 haihuwa a ƙarshen shekarun 1970, ba tare da izinin mata ko ingantaccen ilimin da aka ba su ba. <ref name=":3" /> AIM wani ƙoƙari ne na gaba ɗaya don nuna rashin amincewa da yadda ake kula da 'yan asalin ƙasar Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The American Indian Movement, 1968-1978 |url=https://dp.la/primary-source-sets/the-american-indian-movement-1968-1978?subject |access-date=2019-10-08 |website=Digital Public Library of America}}</ref> A shekarar 1978, Asetoyer da sauran mata da yawa da ke da hannu a AIM sun haɗa ƙarfi suka nemi sake ginawa da kuma sabunta rawar da mata ke takawa a cikin al'ummar 'yan asalin ƙasar, suna ba su 'yancin kai a cikin iyali da kuma game da lafiyarsu. <ref name=":3" /> Wannan rukunin mata sama da 300 sun rabu da Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka don ƙirƙirar wata ƙungiya ta musamman ga mata kawai. <ref name=":3" /> Waɗannan mata masu ƙarfi sun kafa ƙungiyar da aka sani da [[Mata na Dukkanin Red Nations|Matan Duk Ja]] . <ref name=":3" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1951]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cko6ppvqhy26l09a8ea3qnaiid1kuq7 821103 821102 2026-04-14T10:56:15Z Sardeeq 39275 821103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charon Virginia Asetoyer''' ( ''wanda'' aka '''haifa''' a ranar 24 ga Maris, 1951) ƙwararriyar mai fafutukar kare lafiyar mata ce a Comanche kuma mai fafutukar kare lafiyar mata. Asetoyer ɗaya ce daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Hukumar Al'umma ta 'Yan Asalin Amurka (NACB) da Cibiyar Albarkatun Ilimi ta Mata ta 'Yan Asalin Amurka (NAWHERC). Shugaba Clinton ya naɗa ta a Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Ƙasa kan Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam (HHS). <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Charon Asetoyer, Native American Community Board |url=http://forwomen.org/charon-asetoyer-native-american-community-board/ |access-date=22 August 2016 |website=Ms. Foundation for Women}}</ref> An ba ta kyautar Mace Mai Hankali ta Gidauniyar Ms. da kuma Kyautar Ayyuka Masu Daraja ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2009 |title=Bread and Roses Winners |url=http://www.dscej.org/index.php/joomla-overview/104-bread-and-roses-winners |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502142748/http://dscej.org/index.php/joomla-overview/104-bread-and-roses-winners |archive-date=May 2, 2016 |access-date=22 August 2016 |website=Deep South Center for Environmental Justice}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Charon Asetoyer a ranar 24 ga Maris, 1951, a San Jose, California ga uwa ɗaya kuma uba ɗan asalin Turai. Ba ta saba da fafutuka da wahala ba, har ma a lokacin ƙuruciyarta a makarantar sakandare. <ref name=":0" /> Tsarin farko na zanga-zangar Asetoyer ya faru ne a cikin gidan cin abinci na makarantar sakandare, inda ta shirya zama a duk faɗin makaranta don nuna rashin amincewa da yanayin abinci da ake ciki da kuma buƙatar shirin cin abincin rana mai zafi. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Charon Asetoyer, Native American Community Board |url=https://forwomen.org/charon-asetoyer-native-american-community-board/ |access-date=2019-10-08 |website=Ms. Foundation for Women |language=en-US}}</ref> Ƙoƙarinta ya yi aiki kuma a ƙarshen makon makarantarta ta aiwatar da sabbin shirye-shiryen cin abincin rana waɗanda suka cika ƙa'idodin da ake so. <ref name=":2" /> Kyawun kwalliya da kwalliyar mata suma sun yi tasiri sosai ga rayuwar Asetoyer ta ƙuruciya ; a matsayinta na matashiyar 'yar kasuwa, ta fara kamfanin suturar kanta daga gidanta, kuma daga baya ta daina karatun sakandare domin faɗaɗa kasuwancinta. Asetoyer ta kira kanta da "mai kirkire-kirkire, mai zaman kanta, kuma 'yar kasuwa" kuma ta lura cewa ta koyi abubuwa da yawa a shagunan kofi da titunan California fiye da yadda za ta koya a zauren makarantar sakandarenta. <ref name=":0" /> Ta ƙaura zuwa San Francisco kuma ta yi nasarar gudanar da shagon suturar kanta har zuwa 1971 lokacin da ta rufe shagon don yin rajista a Kwalejin Birnin San Francisco. <ref name=":0" /> San Francisco ta kawo muhimman abubuwa a rayuwar Asetoyer, ciki har da ƙarin damarmaki na fafutuka da aurenta da Dennis Duncan. Aurenta da Dennis Duncan, wanda aka fara a hukumance a shekarar 1972, ya kai ta ga aikinta na farko wanda ya haɗa aikinta na fafutuka da kula da lafiyar mata; ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar shirin WIC kuma mai ba da shawara a Asibitin Lafiya na Urban Indian da ke yankin kuɗi na SF. <ref name=":0" /> Aikinta yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi amfani da suka fito daga aurenta da Duncan, halin cin zarafinsa ya sa ta kawo ƙarshen dangantakarsu a shekarar 1977 kuma sakamakon haka ya tilasta mata barin California. <ref name=":0" /> Asetoyer ta ƙaura zuwa Sioux Falls, South Dakota a shekarar 1977, kuma ta yi rajista a Jami'ar South Dakota, inda ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin shari'a a shekarar 1981. [1] Shekarar 1981 ta kasance shekara mai muhimmanci ga Charon, tare da kammala karatunta na kwaleji, ta auri Clarence Rockboy, ɗan ƙabilar Yankton Sioux, sannan ta sake ƙaura zuwa Brattleboro, Vermont. [1] Yayin da take a Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka, Asetoyer ta faɗaɗa iliminta da iyalinta sosai. Da farko, ta haifi ɗanta na fari, ɗa mai suna Chaska (Sigar Amurka ita ce Charles). [1] Bayan haihuwar Chaska, ma'auratan sun kuma ɗauki ɗan uwan Clarence da aka yi watsi da shi, Reynold James Brugier. [1] Baya ga kula da dangin nukiliya masu tasowa, Asetoyer ta sami digiri na biyu a shekarar 1983 don Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Al'adu Tsakanin Al'adu daga Makarantar Horar da Ƙasashen Duniya ta Vermont. [1] Lokacin da suka yi a Vermont bai yi nisa ba. Suna bin al'adar Yankton Sioux, iyalin sun koma Sioux Falls, South Dakota a shekarar 1983 bayan mutuwar mahaifin Clarence. <ref name=":0" /> Clarence zai yi zaman gidan yari na shekaru huɗu a wurin ajiyar domin cika alƙawarin tunawa da al'adu da addini bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa. <ref name=":0" /> Komawa zuwa Sioux Falls yana nuna farkon mai fafutukar Charon Asetoyer da aikinsa na siyasa. <ref name=":0" /> == Aikin masu fafutuka mai zurfi == Aikinta a California da aurenta mai cin zarafi ya tilasta wa Charon Asetoyer taimaka wa mata da suka rasa mazajensu, musamman 'yan asalin ƙasar. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Graef |first=Chris |date=16 December 2007 |title=Charon Asetoyer: "I took to heart the health issues of American Indian women" |url=https://www.indiancountrynews.com/index.php/culture/native-profiles/2093-charon-asetoyer-i-took-to-heart-the-health-issues-of-american-indian-women |access-date=2019-10-08 |website=Indian Country News}}</ref> A farkon shekarun 1970, ƙungiyar [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka|American Indian Movement]] (AIM) ta shirya yawo daga Kanada da kuma faɗin Amurka a matsayin hanyar nuna rashin amincewa da tilasta wa mata 'yan asalin ƙasar hana haihuwa, kuma wannan ya ja hankalin Asetoyer, matashiyar mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. <ref name=":3" /> An kiyasta cewa Hukumar Lafiya ta Indiya, wacce ke aiki a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Amurka, ta yi wa kashi 25% na mata 'yan asalin ƙasar haihuwa masu shekaru 15 zuwa 44 haihuwa a ƙarshen shekarun 1970, ba tare da izinin mata ko ingantaccen ilimin da aka ba su ba. <ref name=":3" /> AIM wani ƙoƙari ne na gaba ɗaya don nuna rashin amincewa da yadda ake kula da 'yan asalin ƙasar Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The American Indian Movement, 1968-1978 |url=https://dp.la/primary-source-sets/the-american-indian-movement-1968-1978?subject |access-date=2019-10-08 |website=Digital Public Library of America}}</ref> A shekarar 1978, Asetoyer da sauran mata da yawa da ke da hannu a AIM sun haɗa ƙarfi suka nemi sake ginawa da kuma sabunta rawar da mata ke takawa a cikin al'ummar 'yan asalin ƙasar, suna ba su 'yancin kai a cikin iyali da kuma game da lafiyarsu. <ref name=":3" /> Wannan rukunin mata sama da 300 sun rabu da Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka don ƙirƙirar wata ƙungiya ta musamman ga mata kawai. <ref name=":3" /> Waɗannan mata masu ƙarfi sun kafa ƙungiyar da aka sani da [[Mata na Dukkanin Red Nations|Matan Duk Ja]] . <ref name=":3" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1951]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mhinp3flltdw67i20dh8ruhirogfkt4